The Project Gutenberg eBook of Adieu
    
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online
at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States,
you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located
before using this eBook.

Title: Adieu

Author: Honoré de Balzac

Translator: Katharine Prescott Wormeley

Release date: June 1, 2004 [eBook #1554]
                Most recently updated: February 26, 2010

Language: English

Credits: Produced by John Bickers, and Dagny, and David Widger


*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADIEU ***




Produced by John Bickers, and Dagny





ADIEU


By Honore De Balzac



Translated by Katharine Prescott Wormeley



                             DEDICATION

                  To Prince Frederic Schwartzenburg






ADIEU




CHAPTER I. AN OLD MONASTERY


"Come, deputy of the Centre, forward! Quick step! march! if we want to
be in time to dine with the others. Jump, marquis! there, that's right!
why, you can skip across a stubble-field like a deer!"

These words were said by a huntsman peacefully seated at the edge of the
forest of Ile-Adam, who was finishing an Havana cigar while waiting for
his companion, who had lost his way in the tangled underbrush of the
wood. At his side four panting dogs were watching, as he did, the
personage he addressed. To understand how sarcastic were these
exhortations, repeated at intervals, we should state that the
approaching huntsman was a stout little man whose protuberant stomach
was the evidence of a truly ministerial "embonpoint." He was struggling
painfully across the furrows of a vast wheat-field recently harvested,
the stubble of which considerably impeded him; while to add to his other
miseries the sun's rays, striking obliquely on his face, collected an
abundance of drops of perspiration. Absorbed in the effort to maintain
his equilibrium, he leaned, now forward, now back, in close imitation
of the pitching of a carriage when violently jolted. The weather looked
threatening. Though several spaces of blue sky still parted the thick
black clouds toward the horizon, a flock of fleecy vapors were advancing
with great rapidity and drawing a light gray curtain from east to
west. As the wind was acting only on the upper region of the air, the
atmosphere below it pressed down the hot vapors of the earth. Surrounded
by masses of tall trees, the valley through which the hunter struggled
felt like a furnace. Parched and silent, the forest seemed thirsty. The
birds, even the insects, were voiceless; the tree-tops scarcely waved.
Those persons who may still remember the summer of 1819 can imagine the
woes of the poor deputy, who was struggling along, drenched in sweat,
to regain his mocking friend. The latter, while smoking his cigar, had
calculated from the position of the sun that it must be about five in
the afternoon.

"Where the devil are we?" said the stout huntsman, mopping his
forehead and leaning against the trunk of a tree nearly opposite to
his companion, for he felt unequal to the effort of leaping the ditch
between them.

"That's for me to ask you," said the other, laughing, as he lay among
the tall brown brake which crowned the bank. Then, throwing the end of
his cigar into the ditch, he cried out vehemently: "I swear by Saint
Hubert that never again will I trust myself in unknown territory with a
statesman, though he be, like you, my dear d'Albon, a college mate."

"But, Philippe, have you forgotten your French? Or have you left your
wits in Siberia?" replied the stout man, casting a sorrowfully comic
look at a sign-post about a hundred feet away.

"True, true," cried Philippe, seizing his gun and springing with a bound
into the field and thence to the post. "This way, d'Albon, this way,"
he called back to his friend, pointing to a broad paved path and reading
aloud the sign: "'From Baillet to Ile-Adam.' We shall certainly find
the path to Cassan, which must branch from this one between here and
Ile-Adam."

"You are right, colonel," said Monsieur d'Albon, replacing upon his head
the cap with which he had been fanning himself.

"Forward then, my respectable privy councillor," replied Colonel
Philippe, whistling to the dogs, who seemed more willing to obey him
than the public functionary to whom they belonged.

"Are you aware, marquis," said the jeering soldier, "that we still have
six miles to go? That village over there must be Baillet."

"Good heavens!" cried the marquis, "go to Cassan if you must, but you'll
go alone. I prefer to stay here, in spite of the coming storm, and
wait for the horse you can send me from the chateau. You've played me a
trick, Sucy. We were to have had a nice little hunt not far from Cassan,
and beaten the coverts I know. Instead of that, you have kept me running
like a hare since four o'clock this morning, and all I've had for
breakfast is a cup of milk. Now, if you ever have a petition before the
Court, I'll make you lose it, however just your claim."

The poor discouraged huntsman sat down on a stone that supported the
signpost, relieved himself of his gun and his gamebag, and heaved a long
sigh.

"France! such are thy deputies!" exclaimed Colonel de Sucy, laughing.
"Ah! my poor d'Albon, if you had been like me six years in the wilds of
Siberia--"

He said no more, but he raised his eyes to heaven as if that anguish
were between himself and God.

"Come, march on!" he added. "If you sit still you are lost."

"How can I, Philippe? It is an old magisterial habit to sit still. On my
honor! I'm tired out--If I had only killed a hare!"

The two men presented a rather rare contrast: the public functionary
was forty-two years of age and seemed no more than thirty, whereas the
soldier was thirty, and seemed forty at the least. Both wore the red
rosette of the officers of the Legion of honor. A few spare locks of
black hair mixed with white, like the wing of a magpie, escaped from
the colonel's cap, while handsome brown curls adorned the brow of the
statesman. One was tall, gallant, high-strung, and the lines of his
pallid face showed terrible passions or frightful griefs. The other
had a face that was brilliant with health, and jovially worth of an
epicurean. Both were deeply sun-burned, and their high gaiters of tanned
leather showed signs of the bogs and the thickets they had just come
through.

"Come," said Monsieur de Sucy, "let us get on. A short hour's march, and
we shall reach Cassan in time for a good dinner."

"It is easy to see you have never loved," replied the councillor, with a
look that was pitifully comic; "you are as relentless as article 304 of
the penal code."

Philippe de Sucy quivered; his broad brow contracted; his face became
as sombre as the skies above them. Some memory of awful bitterness
distorted for a moment his features, but he said nothing. Like all
strong men, he drove down his emotions to the depths of his heart;
thinking perhaps, as simple characters are apt to think, that there was
something immodest in unveiling griefs when human language cannot
render their depths and may only rouse the mockery of those who do not
comprehend them. Monsieur d'Albon had one of those delicate natures
which divine sorrows, and are instantly sympathetic to the emotion they
have involuntarily aroused. He respected his friend's silence, rose,
forgot his fatigue, and followed him silently, grieved to have touched a
wound that was evidently not healed.

"Some day, my friend," said Philippe, pressing his hand, and thanking
him for his mute repentance by a heart-rending look, "I will relate to
you my life. To-day I cannot."

They continued their way in silence. When the colonel's pain seemed
soothed, the marquis resumed his fatigue; and with the instinct, or
rather the will, of a wearied man his eye took in the very depths of the
forest; he questioned the tree-tops and examined the branching paths,
hoping to discover some dwelling where he could ask hospitality.
Arriving at a cross-ways, he thought he noticed a slight smoke rising
among the trees; he stopped, looked more attentively, and saw, in the
midst of a vast copse, the dark-green branches of several pine-trees.

"A house! a house!" he cried, with the joy the sailor feels in crying
"Land!"

Then he sprang quickly into the copse, and the colonel, who had fallen
into a deep reverie, followed him mechanically.

"I'd rather get an omelet, some cottage bread, and a chair here," he
said, "than go to Cassan for sofas, truffles, and Bordeaux."

These words were an exclamation of enthusiasm, elicited from the
councillor on catching sight of a wall, the white towers of which
glimmered in the distance through the brown masses of the tree trunks.

"Ha! ha! this looks to me as if it had once been a priory," cried the
marquis, as they reached a very old and blackened gate, through which
they could see, in the midst of a large park, a building constructed in
the style of the monasteries of old. "How those rascals the monks knew
how to choose their sites!"

This last exclamation was an expression of surprise and pleasure at the
poetical hermitage which met his eyes. The house stood on the slope of
the mountain, at the summit of which is the village of Nerville. The
great centennial oaks of the forest which encircled the dwelling made
the place an absolute solitude. The main building, formerly occupied by
the monks, faced south. The park seemed to have about forty acres.
Near the house lay a succession of green meadows, charmingly crossed by
several clear rivulets, with here and there a piece of water naturally
placed without the least apparent artifice. Trees of elegant shape and
varied foliage were distributed about. Grottos, cleverly managed, and
massive terraces with dilapidated steps and rusty railings, gave
a peculiar character to this lone retreat. Art had harmonized her
constructions with the picturesque effects of nature. Human passions
seemed to die at the feet of those great trees, which guarded this
asylum from the tumult of the world as they shaded it from the fires of
the sun.

"How desolate!" thought Monsieur d'Albon, observing the sombre
expression which the ancient building gave to the landscape, gloomy as
though a curse were on it. It seemed a fatal spot deserted by man. Ivy
had stretched its tortuous muscles, covered by its rich green mantle,
everywhere. Brown or green, red or yellow mosses and lichen spread their
romantic tints on trees and seats and roofs and stones. The crumbling
window-casings were hollowed by rain, defaced by time; the balconies
were broken, the terraces demolished. Some of the outside shutters hung
from a single hinge. The rotten doors seemed quite unable to resist an
assailant. Covered with shining tufts of mistletoe, the branches of the
neglected fruit-trees gave no sign of fruit. Grass grew in the paths.
Such ruin and desolation cast a weird poesy on the scene, filling the
souls of the spectators with dreamy thoughts. A poet would have stood
there long, plunged in a melancholy reverie, admiring this disorder
so full of harmony, this destruction which was not without its grace.
Suddenly, the brown tiles shone, the mosses glittered, fantastic shadows
danced upon the meadows and beneath the trees; fading colors revived;
striking contrasts developed, the foliage of the trees and shrubs
defined itself more clearly in the light. Then--the light went out. The
landscape seemed to have spoken, and now was silent, returning to its
gloom, or rather to the soft sad tones of an autumnal twilight.

"It is the palace of the Sleeping Beauty," said the marquis, beginning
to view the house with the eyes of a land owner. "I wonder to whom it
belongs! He must be a stupid fellow not to live in such an exquisite
spot."

At that instant a woman sprang from beneath a chestnut-tree standing to
the right of the gate, and, without making any noise, passed before the
marquis as rapidly as the shadow of a cloud. This vision made him mute
with surprise.

"Why, Albon, what's the matter?" asked the colonel.

"I am rubbing my eyes to know if I am asleep or awake," replied the
marquis, with his face close to the iron rails as he tried to get
another sight of the phantom.

"She must be beneath that fig-tree," he said, pointing to the foliage of
a tree which rose above the wall to the left of the gate.

"She! who?"

"How can I tell?" replied Monsieur d'Albon. "A strange woman rose up
there, just before me," he said in a low voice; "she seemed to come from
the world of shades rather than from the land of the living. She is so
slender, so light, so filmy, she must be diaphanous. Her face was as
white as milk; her eyes, her clothes, her hair jet black. She looked
at me as she flitted by, and though I may say I'm no coward, that cold
immovable look froze the blood in my veins."

"Is she pretty?" asked Philippe.

"I don't know. I could see nothing but the eyes in that face."

"Well, let the dinner at Cassan go to the devil!" cried the colonel.
"Suppose we stay here. I have a sudden childish desire to enter that
singular house. Do you see those window-frames painted red, and the red
lines on the doors and shutters? Doesn't the place look to you as if it
belonged to the devil?--perhaps he inherited it from the monks. Come,
let us pursue the black and white lady--forward, march!" cried Philippe,
with forced gaiety.

At that instant the two huntsmen heard a cry that was something like
that of a mouse caught in a trap. They listened. The rustle of a few
shrubs sounded in the silence like the murmur of a breaking wave. In
vain they listened for other sounds; the earth was dumb, and kept the
secret of those light steps, if, indeed, the unknown woman moved at all.

"It is very singular!" said Philippe, as they skirted the park wall.

The two friends presently reached a path in the forest which led to the
village of Chauvry. After following this path some way toward the main
road to Paris, they came to another iron gate which led to the principal
facade of the mysterious dwelling. On this side the dilapidation and
disorder of the premises had reached their height. Immense cracks
furrowed the walls of the house, which was built on three sides of
a square. Fragments of tiles and slates lying on the ground, and the
dilapidated condition of the roofs, were evidence of a total want of
care on the part of the owners. The fruit had fallen from the trees and
lay rotting on the ground; a cow was feeding on the lawn and treading
down the flowers in the borders, while a goat browsed on the shoots of
the vines and munched the unripe grapes.

"Here all is harmony; the devastation seems organized," said the
colonel, pulling the chain of a bell; but the bell was without a
clapper.

The huntsmen heard nothing but the curiously sharp noise of a rusty
spring. Though very dilapidated, a little door made in the wall beside
the iron gates resisted all their efforts to open it.

"Well, well, this is getting to be exciting," said de Sucy to his
companion.

"If I were not a magistrate," replied Monsieur d'Albon, "I should think
that woman was a witch."

As he said the words, the cow came to the iron gate and pushed her warm
muzzle towards them, as if she felt the need of seeing human beings.
Then a woman, if that name could be applied to the indefinable being who
suddenly issued from a clump of bushes, pulled away the cow by its rope.
This woman wore on her head a red handkerchief, beneath which trailed
long locks of hair in color and shape like the flax on a distaff. She
wore no fichu. A coarse woollen petticoat in black and gray stripes, too
short by several inches, exposed her legs. She might have belonged to
some tribe of Red-Skins described by Cooper, for her legs, neck, and
arms were the color of brick. No ray of intelligence enlivened her
vacant face. A few whitish hairs served her for eyebrows; the eyes
themselves, of a dull blue, were cold and wan; and her mouth was so
formed as to show the teeth, which were crooked, but as white as those
of a dog.

"Here, my good woman!" called Monsieur de Sucy.

She came very slowly to the gate, looking with a silly expression at the
two huntsmen, the sight of whom brought a forced and painful smile to
her face.

"Where are we? Whose house is this? Who are you? Do you belong here?"

To these questions and several others which the two friends alternately
addressed to her, she answered only with guttural sounds that seemed
more like the growl of an animal than the voice of a human being.

"She must be deaf and dumb," said the marquis.

"Bons-Hommes!" cried the peasant woman.

"Ah! I see. This is, no doubt, the old monastery of the Bons-Hommes,"
said the marquis.

He renewed his questions. But, like a capricious child, the peasant
woman colored, played with her wooden shoe, twisted the rope of the
cow, which was now feeding peaceably, and looked at the two hunters,
examining every part of their clothing; then she yelped, growled, and
clucked, but did not speak.

"What is your name?" said Philippe, looking at her fixedly, as if he
meant to mesmerize her.

"Genevieve," she said, laughing with a silly air.

"The cow is the most intelligent being we have seen so far," said the
marquis. "I shall fire my gun and see if that will being some one."

Just as d'Albon raised his gun, the colonel stopped him with a gesture,
and pointed to the form of a woman, probably the one who had so keenly
piqued his curiosity. At this moment she seemed lost in the deepest
meditation, and was coming with slow steps along a distant pathway, so
that the two friends had ample time to examine her.

She was dressed in a ragged gown of black satin. Her long hair fell in
masses of curls over her forehead, around her shoulders, and below her
waist, serving her for a shawl. Accustomed no doubt to this disorder,
she seldom pushed her hair from her forehead; and when she did so, it
was with a sudden toss of her head which only for a moment cleared her
forehead and eyes from the thick veil. Her gesture, like that of an
animal, had a remarkable mechanical precision, the quickness of which
seemed wonderful in a woman. The huntsmen were amazed to see her
suddenly leap up on the branch of an apple-tree, and sit there with the
ease of a bird. She gathered an apple and ate it; then she dropped to
the ground with the graceful ease we admire in a squirrel. Her limbs
possessed an elasticity which took from every movement the slightest
appearance of effort or constraint. She played upon the turf, rolling
herself about like a child; then, suddenly, she flung her feet and hands
forward, and lay at full length on the grass, with the grace and natural
ease of a young cat asleep in the sun. Thunder sounded in the distance,
and she turned suddenly, rising on her hands and knees with the rapidity
of a dog which hears a coming footstep.

The effects of this singular attitude was to separate into two heavy
masses the volume of her black hair, which now fell on either side of
her head, and allowed the two spectators to admire the white shoulders
glistening like daisies in a field, and the throat, the perfection of
which allowed them to judge of the other beauties of her figure.

Suddenly she uttered a distressful cry and rose to her feet. Her
movements succeeded each other with such airiness and grace that she
seemed not a creature of this world but a daughter of the atmosphere, as
sung in the poems of Ossian. She ran toward a piece of water, shook one
of her legs lightly to cast off her shoe, and began to dabble her foot,
white as alabaster, in the current, admiring, perhaps, the undulations
she thus produced upon the surface of the water. Then she knelt down at
the edge of the stream and amused herself, like a child, in casting in
her long tresses and pulling them abruptly out, to watch the shower of
drops that glittered down, looking, as the sunlight struck athwart them,
like a chaplet of pearls.

"That woman is mad!" cried the marquis.

A hoarse cry, uttered by Genevieve, seemed uttered as a warning to the
unknown woman, who turned suddenly, throwing back her hair from either
side of her face. At this instant the colonel and Monsieur d'Albon could
distinctly see her features; she, herself, perceiving the two friends,
sprang to the iron railing with the lightness and rapidity of a deer.

"Adieu!" she said, in a soft, harmonious voice, the melody of which did
not convey the slightest feeling or the slightest thought.

Monsieur d'Albon admired the long lashes of her eyelids, the blackness
of her eyebrows, and the dazzling whiteness of a skin devoid of even the
faintest tinge of color. Tiny blue veins alone broke the uniformity of
its pure white tones. When the marquis turned to his friend as if to
share with him his amazement at the sight of this singular creature, he
found him stretched on the ground as if dead. D'Albon fired his gun
in the air to summon assistance, crying out "Help! help!" and then
endeavored to revive the colonel. At the sound of the shot, the unknown
woman, who had hitherto stood motionless, fled away with the rapidity
of an arrow, uttering cries of fear like a wounded animal, and running
hither and thither about the meadow with every sign of the greatest
terror.

Monsieur d'Albon, hearing the rumbling of a carriage on the high-road
to Ile-Adam, waved his handkerchief and shouted to its occupants for
assistance. The carriage was immediately driven up to the old monastery,
and the marquis recognized his neighbors, Monsieur and Madame de
Granville, who at once gave up their carriage to the service of the
two gentlemen. Madame de Granville had with her, by chance, a bottle of
salts, which revived the colonel for a moment. When he opened his eyes
he turned them to the meadow, where the unknown woman was still running
and uttering her distressing cries. A smothered exclamation escaped
him, which seemed to express a sense of horror; then he closed his eyes
again, and made a gesture as if to implore his friend to remove him from
that sight.

Monsieur and Madame de Granville placed their carriage entirely at the
disposal of the marquis, assuring him courteously that they would like
to continue their way on foot.

"Who is that lady?" asked the marquis, signing toward the unknown woman.

"I believe she comes from Moulins," replied Monsieur de Granville. "She
is the Comtesse de Vandieres, and they say she is mad; but as she
has only been here two months I will not vouch for the truth of these
hearsays."

Monsieur d'Albon thanked his friends, and placing the colonel in the
carriage, started with him for Cassan.

"It is she!" cried Philippe, recovering his senses.

"Who is she?" asked d'Albon.

"Stephanie. Ah, dead and living, living and mad! I fancied I was dying."

The prudent marquis, appreciating the gravity of the crisis through
which his friend was passing, was careful not to question or excite him;
he was only anxious to reach the chateau, for the change which had taken
place in the colonel's features, in fact in his whole person, made him
fear for his friend's reason. As soon, therefore, as the carriage had
reached the main street of Ile-Adam, he dispatched the footman to the
village doctor, so that the colonel was no sooner fairly in his bed at
the chateau than the physician was beside him.

"If monsieur had not been many hours without food the shock would have
killed him," said the doctor.

After naming the first precautions, the doctor left the room, to
prepare, himself, a calming potion. The next day, Monsieur de Sucy was
better, but the doctor still watched him carefully.

"I will admit to you, monsieur le marquis," he said, "that I have feared
some affection of the brain. Monsieur de Sucy has received a violent
shock; his passions are strong; but, in him, the first blow decides all.
To-morrow he may be entirely out of danger."

The doctor was not mistaken; and the following day he allowed the
marquis to see his friend.

"My dear d'Albon," said Philippe, pressing his hand, "I am going to ask
a kindness of you. Go to the Bons-Hommes, and find out all you can of
the lady we saw there; and return to me as quickly as you can; I shall
count the minutes."

Monsieur d'Albon mounted his horse at once, and galloped to the old
abbey. When he arrived there, he saw before the iron gate a tall, spare
man with a very kindly face, who answered in the affirmative when asked
if he lived there. Monsieur d'Albon then informed him of the reasons for
his visit.

"What! monsieur," said the other, "was it you who fired that fatal shot?
You very nearly killed my poor patient."

"But, monsieur, I fired in the air."

"You would have done the countess less harm had you fired at her."

"Then we must not reproach each other, monsieur, for the sight of the
countess has almost killed my friend, Monsieur de Sucy."

"Heavens! can you mean Baron Philippe de Sucy?" cried the doctor,
clasping his hands. "Did he go to Russia; was he at the passage of the
Beresina?"

"Yes," replied d'Albon, "he was captured by the Cossacks and kept for
five years in Siberia; he recovered his liberty a few months ago."

"Come in, monsieur," said the master of the house, leading the marquis
into a room on the lower floor where everything bore the marks of
capricious destruction. The silken curtains beside the windows were
torn, while those of muslin remained intact.

"You see," said the tall old man, as they entered, "the ravages
committed by that dear creature, to whom I devote myself. She is my
niece; in spite of the impotence of my art, I hope some day to
restore her reason by attempting a method which can only be employed,
unfortunately, by very rich people."

Then, like all persons living in solitude who are afflicted with an ever
present and ever renewed grief, he related to the marquis at length the
following narrative, which is here condensed, and relieved of the many
digressions made by both the narrator and the listener.




CHAPTER II. THE PASSAGE OF THE BERESINA


Marechal Victor, when he started, about nine at night, from the
heights of Studzianka, which he had defended, as the rear-guard of the
retreating army, during the whole day of November 28th, 1812, left a
thousand men behind him, with orders to protect to the last possible
moment whichever of the two bridges across the Beresina might still
exist. This rear-guard had devoted itself to the task of saving a
frightful multitude of stragglers overcome by the cold, who obstinately
refused to leave the bivouacs of the army. The heroism of this generous
troop proved useless. The stragglers who flocked in masses to the banks
of the Beresina found there, unhappily, an immense number of carriages,
caissons, and articles of all kinds which the army had been forced to
abandon when effecting its passage of the river on the 27th and 28th of
November. Heirs to such unlooked-for riches, the unfortunate men, stupid
with cold, took up their abode in the deserted bivouacs, broke up the
material which they found there to build themselves cabins, made fuel of
everything that came to hand, cut up the frozen carcasses of the
horses for food, tore the cloth and the curtains from the carriages
for coverlets, and went to sleep, instead of continuing their way
and crossing quietly during the night that cruel Beresina, which an
incredible fatality had already made so destructive to the army.

The apathy of these poor soldiers can only be conceived by those who
remember to have crossed vast deserts of snow without other perspective
than a snow horizon, without other drink than snow, without other bed
than snow, without other food than snow or a few frozen beet-roots, a
few handfuls of flour, or a little horseflesh. Dying of hunger, thirst,
fatigue, and want of sleep, these unfortunates reached a shore where
they saw before them wood, provisions, innumerable camp equipages,
and carriages,--in short a whole town at their service. The village of
Studzianka had been wholly taken to pieces and conveyed from the heights
on which it stood to the plain. However forlorn and dangerous that
refuge might be, its miseries and its perils only courted men who had
lately seen nothing before them but the awful deserts of Russia. It was,
in fact, a vast asylum which had an existence of twenty-four hours only.

Utter lassitude, and the sense of unexpected comfort, made that mass of
men inaccessible to every thought but that of rest. Though the
artillery of the left wing of the Russians kept up a steady fire on this
mass,--visible like a stain now black, now flaming, in the midst of the
trackless snow,--this shot and shell seemed to the torpid creatures only
one inconvenience the more. It was like a thunderstorm, despised by all
because the lightning strikes so few; the balls struck only here and
there, the dying, the sick, the dead sometimes! Stragglers arrived in
groups continually; but once here those perambulating corpses separated;
each begged for himself a place near a fire; repulsed repeatedly, they
met again, to obtain by force the hospitality already refused to them.
Deaf to the voice of some of their officers, who warned them of probable
destruction on the morrow, they spent the amount of courage necessary to
cross the river in building that asylum of a night, in making one meal
that they themselves doomed to be their last. The death that awaited
them they considered no evil, provided they could have that one night's
sleep. They thought nothing evil but hunger, thirst, and cold. When
there was no more wood or food or fire, horrible struggles took place
between fresh-comers and the rich who possessed a shelter. The weakest
succumbed.

At last there came a moment when a number, pursued by the Russians,
found only snow on which to bivouac, and these lay down to rise no more.
Insensibly this mass of almost annihilated beings became so compact, so
deaf, so torpid, so happy perhaps, that Marechal Victor, who had
been their heroic defender by holding twenty thousand Russians under
Wittgenstein at bay, was forced to open a passage by main force through
this forest of men in order to cross the Beresina with five thousand
gallant fellows whom he was taking to the emperor. The unfortunate
malingerers allowed themselves to be crushed rather than stir; they
perished in silence, smiling at their extinguished fires, without a
thought of France.

It was not until ten o'clock that night that Marechal Victor reached the
bank of the river. Before crossing the bridge which led to Zembin, he
confided the fate of his own rear-guard now left in Studzianka to Eble,
the savior of all those who survived the calamities of the Beresina.
It was towards midnight when this great general, followed by one brave
officer, left the cabin he occupied near the bridge, and studied the
spectacle of that improvised camp placed between the bank of the river
and Studzianka. The Russian cannon had ceased to thunder. Innumerable
fires, which, amid that trackless waste of snow, burned pale and
scarcely sent out any gleams, illumined here and there by sudden flashes
forms and faces that were barely human. Thirty thousand poor wretches,
belonging to all nations, from whom Napoleon had recruited his Russian
army, were trifling away their lives with brutish indifference.

"Let us save them!" said General Eble to the officer who accompanied
him. "To-morrow morning the Russians will be masters of Studzianka. We
must burn the bridge the moment they appear. Therefore, my friend, take
your courage in your hand! Go to the heights. Tell General Fournier
he has barely time to evacuate his position, force a way through this
crowd, and cross the bridge. When you have seen him in motion follow
him. Find men you can trust, and the moment Fournier had crossed
the bridge, burn, without pity, huts, equipages, caissons,
carriages,--EVERYTHING! Drive that mass of men to the bridge. Compel all
that has two legs to get to the other side of the river. The burning of
everything--EVERYTHING--is now our last resource. If Berthier had let
me destroy those damned camp equipages, this river would swallow only
my poor pontoniers, those fifty heroes who will save the army, but who
themselves will be forgotten."

The general laid his hand on his forehead and was silent. He felt that
Poland would be his grave, and that no voice would rise to do justice
to those noble men who stood in the water, the icy water of Beresina, to
destroy the buttresses of the bridges. One alone of those heroes still
lives--or, to speak more correctly, suffers--in a village, totally
ignored.

The aide-de-camp started. Hardly had this generous officer gone a
hundred yards towards Studzianka than General Eble wakened a number
of his weary pontoniers, and began the work,--the charitable work of
burning the bivouacs set up about the bridge, and forcing the sleepers,
thus dislodged, to cross the river.

Meanwhile the young aide-de-camp reached, not without difficulty, the
only wooden house still left standing in Studzianka.

"This barrack seems pretty full, comrade," he said to a man whom he saw
by the doorway.

"If you can get in you'll be a clever trooper," replied the officer,
without turning his head or ceasing to slice off with his sabre the bark
of the logs of which the house was built.

"Is that you, Philippe?" said the aide-de-camp, recognizing a friend by
the tones of his voice.

"Yes. Ha, ha! is it you, old fellow?" replied Monsieur de Sucy, looking
at the aide-de-camp, who, like himself, was only twenty-three years of
age. "I thought you were the other side of that cursed river. What are
you here for? Have you brought cakes and wine for our dessert? You'll be
welcome," and he went on slicing off the bark, which he gave as a sort
of provender to his horse.

"I am looking for your commander to tell him, from General Eble, to make
for Zembin. You'll have barely enough time to get through that crowd of
men below. I am going presently to set fire to their camp and force them
to march."

"You warm me up--almost! That news makes me perspire. I have two friends
I MUST save. Ah! without those two to cling to me, I should be dead
already. It is for them that I feed my horse and don't eat myself. Have
you any food,--a mere crust? It is thirty hours since anything has gone
into my stomach, and yet I have fought like a madman--just to keep a
little warmth and courage in me."

"Poor Philippe, I have nothing--nothing! But where's your general,--in
this house?"

"No, don't go there; the place is full of wounded. Go up the street;
you'll find on your left a sort of pig-pen; the general is there.
Good-bye, old fellow. If we ever dance a trenis on a Paris floor--"

He did not end his sentence; the north wind blew at that moment with
such ferocity that the aide-de-camp hurried on to escape being frozen,
and the lips of Major de Sucy stiffened. Silence reigned, broken only
by the moans which came from the house, and the dull sound made by the
major's horse as it chewed in a fury of hunger the icy bark of the trees
with which the house was built. Monsieur de Sucy replaced his sabre in
its scabbard, took the bridle of the precious horse he had hitherto been
able to preserve, and led it, in spite of the animal's resistance, from
the wretched fodder it appeared to think excellent.

"We'll start, Bichette, we'll start! There's none but you, my beauty,
who can save Stephanie. Ha! by and bye you and I may be able to
rest--and die," he added.

Philippe, wrapped in a fur pelisse, to which he owed his preservation
and his energy, began to run, striking his feet hard upon the frozen
snow to keep them warm. Scarcely had he gone a few hundred yards from
the village than he saw a blaze in the direction of the place where,
since morning, he had left his carriage in charge of his former orderly,
an old soldier. Horrible anxiety laid hold of him. Like all others who
were controlled during this fatal retreat by some powerful sentiment, he
found a strength to save his friends which he could not have put forth
to save himself.

Presently he reached a slight declivity at the foot of which, in a
spot sheltered from the enemy's balls, he had stationed the carriage,
containing a young woman, the companion of his childhood, the being most
dear to him on earth. At a few steps distant from the vehicle he now
found a company of some thirty stragglers collected around an immense
fire, which they were feeding with planks, caisson covers, wheels, and
broken carriages. These soldiers were, no doubt, the last comers of that
crowd who, from the base of the hill of Studzianka to the fatal river,
formed an ocean of heads intermingled with fires and huts,--a living
sea, swayed by motions that were almost imperceptible, and giving forth
a murmuring sound that rose at times to frightful outbursts. Driven by
famine and despair, these poor wretches must have rifled the carriage
before de Sucy reached it. The old general and his young wife, whom he
had left lying in piles of clothes and wrapped in mantles and pelisses,
were now on the snow, crouching before the fire. One door of the
carriage was already torn off.

No sooner did the men about the fire hear the tread of the major's horse
than a hoarse cry, the cry of famine, arose,--

"A horse! a horse!"

Those voices formed but one voice.

"Back! back! look out for yourself!" cried two or three soldiers, aiming
at the mare. Philippe threw himself before his animal, crying out,--

"You villains! I'll throw you into your own fire. There are plenty of
dead horses up there. Go and fetch them."

"Isn't he a joker, that officer! One, two--get out of the way," cried a
colossal grenadier. "No, you won't, hey! Well, as you please, then."

A woman's cry rose higher than the report of the musket. Philippe
fortunately was not touched, but Bichette, mortally wounded, was
struggling in the throes of death. Three men darted forward and
dispatched her with their bayonets.

"Cannibals!" cried Philippe, "let me at any rate take the horse-cloth
and my pistols."

"Pistols, yes," replied the grenadier. "But as for that horse-cloth, no!
here's a poor fellow afoot, with nothing in his stomach for two days,
and shivering in his rags. It is our general."

Philippe kept silence as he looked at the man, whose boots were worn
out, his trousers torn in a dozen places, while nothing but a ragged
fatigue-cap covered with ice was on his head. He hastened, however, to
take his pistols. Five men dragged the mare to the fire, and cut her
up with the dexterity of a Parisian butcher. The pieces were instantly
seized and flung upon the embers.

The major went up to the young woman, who had uttered a cry on
recognizing him. He found her motionless, seated on a cushion beside the
fire. She looked at him silently, without smiling. Philippe then saw
the soldier to whom he had confided the carriage; the man was wounded.
Overcome by numbers, he had been forced to yield to the malingerers who
attacked him; and, like the dog who defended to the last possible moment
his master's dinner, he had taken his share of the booty, and was now
sitting beside the fire, wrapped in a white sheet by way of cloak, and
turning carefully on the embers a slice of the mare. Philippe saw upon
his face the joy these preparations gave him. The Comte de Vandieres,
who, for the last few days, had fallen into a state of second childhood,
was seated on a cushion beside his wife, looking fixedly at the fire,
which was beginning to thaw his torpid limbs. He had shown no emotion
of any kind, either at Philippe's danger, or at the fight which ended in
the pillage of the carriage and their expulsion from it.

At first de Sucy took the hand of the young countess, as if to show her
his affection, and the grief he felt at seeing her reduced to such utter
misery; then he grew silent; seated beside her on a heap of snow which
was turning into a rivulet as it melted, he yielded himself up to the
happiness of being warm, forgetting their peril, forgetting all things.
His face assumed, in spite of himself, an expression of almost stupid
joy, and he waited with impatience until the fragment of the mare given
to his orderly was cooked. The smell of the roasting flesh increased his
hunger, and his hunger silenced his heart, his courage, and his love.
He looked, without anger, at the results of the pillage of his carriage.
All the men seated around the fire had shared his blankets, cushions,
pelisses, robes, also the clothing of the Comte and Comtesse de
Vandieres and his own. Philippe looked about him to see if there was
anything left in or near the vehicle that was worth saving. By the light
of the flames he saw gold and diamonds and plate scattered everywhere,
no one having thought it worth his while to take any.

Each of the individuals collected by chance around this fire maintained
a silence that was almost horrible, and did nothing but what he judged
necessary for his own welfare. Their misery was even grotesque. Faces,
discolored by cold, were covered with a layer of mud, on which tears had
made a furrow from the eyes to the beard, showing the thickness of that
miry mask. The filth of their long beards made these men still more
repulsive. Some were wrapped in the countess's shawls, others wore the
trappings of horses and muddy saddlecloths, or masses of rags from which
the hoar-frost hung; some had a boot on one leg and a shoe on the other;
in fact, there were none whose costume did not present some laughable
singularity. But in presence of such amusing sights the men themselves
were grave and gloomy. The silence was broken only by the snapping of
the wood, the crackling of the flames, the distant murmur of the camps,
and the blows of the sabre given to what remained of Bichette in search
of her tenderest morsels. A few miserable creatures, perhaps more weary
than the rest, were sleeping; when one of their number rolled into the
fire no one attempted to help him out. These stern logicians argued that
if he were not dead his burns would warn him to find a safer place. If
the poor wretch waked in the flames and perished, no one cared. Two or
three soldiers looked at each other to justify their own indifference by
that of others. Twice this scene had taken place before the eyes of the
countess, who said nothing. When the various pieces of Bichette, placed
here and there upon the embers, were sufficiently broiled, each man
satisfied his hunger with the gluttony that disgusts us when we see it
in animals.

"This is the first time I ever saw thirty infantrymen on one horse,"
cried the grenadier who had shot the mare.

It was the only jest made that night which proved the national
character.

Soon the great number of these poor soldiers wrapped themselves in what
they could find and lay down on planks, or whatever would keep them from
contact with the snow, and slept, heedless of the morrow. When the major
was warm, and his hunger appeased, an invincible desire to sleep weighed
down his eyelids. During the short moment of his struggle against that
desire he looked at the young woman, who had turned her face to the
fire and was now asleep, leaving her closed eyes and a portion of her
forehead exposed to sight. She was wrapped in a furred pelisse and a
heavy dragoon's cloak; her head rested on a pillow stained with blood;
an astrakhan hood, kept in place by a handkerchief knotted round her
neck, preserved her face from the cold as much as possible. Her feet
were wrapped in the cloak. Thus rolled into a bundle, as it were, she
looked like nothing at all. Was she the last of the "vivandieres"?
Was she a charming woman, the glory of a lover, the queen of Parisian
salons? Alas! even the eye of her most devoted friend could trace no
sign of anything feminine in that mass of rags and tatters. Love had
succumbed to cold in the heart of a woman!

Through the thick veils of irresistible sleep, the major soon saw the
husband and wife as mere points or formless objects. The flames of the
fire, those outstretched figures, the relentless cold, waiting, not
three feet distant from that fugitive heat, became all a dream. One
importunate thought terrified Philippe:

"If I sleep, we shall all die; I will not sleep," he said to himself.

And yet he slept.

A terrible clamor and an explosion awoke him an hour later. The sense
of his duty, the peril of his friend, fell suddenly on his heart. He
uttered a cry that was like a roar. He and his orderly were alone afoot.
A sea of fire lay before them in the darkness of the night, licking up
the cabins and the bivouacs; cries of despair, howls, and imprecations
reached their ears; they saw against the flames thousands of human
beings with agonized or furious faces. In the midst of that hell, a
column of soldiers was forcing its way to the bridge, between two hedges
of dead bodies.

"It is the retreat of the rear-guard!" cried the major. "All hope is
gone!"

"I have saved your carriage, Philippe," said a friendly voice.

Turning round, de Sucy recognized the young aide-de-camp in the flaring
of the flames.

"Ah! all is lost!" replied the major, "they have eaten my horse; and how
can I make this stupid general and his wife walk?"

"Take a brand from the fire and threaten them."

"Threaten the countess!"

"Good-bye," said the aide-de-camp, "I have scarcely time to get across
that fatal river--and I MUST; I have a mother in France. What a night!
These poor wretches prefer to lie here in the snow; half will allow
themselves to perish in those flames rather than rise and move on. It is
four o'clock, Philippe! In two hours the Russians will begin to move.
I assure you you will again see the Beresina choked with corpses.
Philippe! think of yourself! You have no horses, you cannot carry the
countess in your arms. Come--come with me!" he said urgently, pulling de
Sucy by the arm.

"My friend! abandon Stephanie!"

De Sucy seized the countess, made her stand upright, shook her with the
roughness of a despairing man, and compelled her to wake up. She looked
at him with fixed, dead eyes.

"You must walk, Stephanie, or we shall all die here."

For all answer the countess tried to drop again upon the snow and sleep.
The aide-de-camp seized a brand from the fire and waved it in her face.

"We will save her in spite of herself!" cried Philippe, lifting the
countess and placing her in the carriage.

He returned to implore the help of his friend. Together they lifted the
old general, without knowing whether he were dead or alive, and put him
beside his wife. The major then rolled over the men who were sleeping
on his blankets, which he tossed into the carriage, together with some
roasted fragments of his mare.

"What do you mean to do?" asked the aide-de-camp.

"Drag them."

"You are crazy."

"True," said Philippe, crossing his arms in despair.

Suddenly, he was seized by a last despairing thought.

"To you," he said, grasping the sound arm of his orderly, "I confide
her for one hour. Remember that you must die sooner than let any one
approach her."

The major then snatched up the countess's diamonds, held them in one
hand, drew his sabre with the other, and began to strike with the flat
of its blade such of the sleepers as he thought the most intrepid. He
succeeded in awaking the colossal grenadier, and two other men whose
rank it was impossible to tell.

"We are done for!" he said.

"I know it," said the grenadier, "but I don't care."

"Well, death for death, wouldn't you rather sell your life for a pretty
woman, and take your chances of seeing France?"

"I'd rather sleep," said a man, rolling over on the snow, "and if you
trouble me again, I'll stick my bayonet into your stomach."

"What is the business, my colonel?" said the grenadier. "That man is
drunk; he's a Parisian; he likes his ease."

"That is yours, my brave grenadier," cried the major, offering him a
string of diamonds, "if you will follow me and fight like a madman.
The Russians are ten minutes' march from here; they have horses; we are
going up to their first battery for a pair."

"But the sentinels?"

"One of us three--" he interrupted himself, and turned to the
aide-de-camp. "You will come, Hippolyte, won't you?"

Hippolyte nodded.

"One of us," continued the major, "will take care of the sentinel.
Besides, perhaps they are asleep too, those cursed Russians."

"Forward! major, you're a brave one! But you'll give me a lift on your
carriage?" said the grenadier.

"Yes, if you don't leave your skin up there--If I fall, Hippolyte, and
you, grenadier, promise me to do your utmost to save the countess."

"Agreed!" cried the grenadier.

They started for the Russian lines, toward one of the batteries which
had so decimated the hapless wretches lying on the banks of the river.
A few moments later, the gallop of two horses echoed over the snow, and
the wakened artillery men poured out a volley which ranged above the
heads of the sleeping men. The pace of the horses was so fleet that
their steps resounded like the blows of a blacksmith on his anvil. The
generous aide-de-camp was killed. The athletic grenadier was safe and
sound. Philippe in defending Hippolyte had received a bayonet in his
shoulder; but he clung to his horse's mane, and clasped him so tightly
with his knees that the animal was held as in a vice.

"God be praised!" cried the major, finding his orderly untouched, and
the carriage in its place.

"If you are just, my officer, you will get me the cross for this," said
the man. "We've played a fine game of guns and sabres here, I can tell
you."

"We have done nothing yet--Harness the horses. Take these ropes."

"They are not long enough."

"Grenadier, turn over those sleepers, and take their shawls and linen,
to eke out."

"Tiens! that's one dead," said the grenadier, stripping the first man he
came to. "Bless me! what a joke, they are all dead!"

"All?"

"Yes, all; seems as if horse-meat must be indigestible if eaten with
snow."

The words made Philippe tremble. The cold was increasing.

"My God! to lose the woman I have saved a dozen times!"

The major shook the countess.

"Stephanie! Stephanie!"

The young woman opened her eyes.

"Madame! we are saved."

"Saved!" she repeated, sinking down again.

The horses were harnessed as best they could. The major, holding his
sabre in his well hand, with his pistols in his belt, gathered up the
reins with the other hand and mounted one horse while the grenadier
mounted the other. The orderly, whose feet were frozen, was thrown
inside the carriage, across the general and the countess. Excited by
pricks from a sabre, the horses drew the carriage rapidly, with a sort
of fury, to the plain, where innumerable obstacles awaited it. It was
impossible to force a way without danger of crushing the sleeping men,
women, and even children, who refused to move when the grenadier awoke
them. In vain did Monsieur de Sucy endeavor to find the swathe cut
by the rear-guard through the mass of human beings; it was already
obliterated, like the wake of a vessel through the sea. They could only
creep along, being often stopped by soldiers who threatened to kill
their horses.

"Do you want to reach the bridge?" said the grenadier.

"At the cost of my life--at the cost of the whole world!"

"Then forward, march! you can't make omelets without breaking eggs."

And the grenadier of the guard urged the horses over men and bivouacs
with bloody wheels and a double line of corpses on either side of them.
We must do him the justice to say that he never spared his breath in
shouting in stentorian tones,--

"Look out there, carrion!"

"Poor wretches!" cried the major.

"Pooh! that or the cold, that or the cannon," said the grenadier,
prodding the horses, and urging them on.

A catastrophe, which might well have happened to them much sooner, put a
stop to their advance. The carriage was overturned.

"I expected it," cried the imperturbable grenadier. "Ho! ho! your man is
dead."

"Poor Laurent!" said the major.

"Laurent? Was he in the 5th chasseurs?"

"Yes."

"Then he was my cousin. Oh, well, this dog's life isn't happy enough to
waste any joy in grieving for him."

The carriage could not be raised; the horses were taken out with serious
and, as it proved, irreparable loss of time. The shock of the overturn
was so violent that the young countess, roused from her lethargy, threw
off her coverings and rose.

"Philippe, where are we?" she cried in a gentle voice, looking about
her.

"Only five hundred feet from the bridge. We are now going to cross the
Beresina, Stephanie, and once across I will not torment you any more;
you shall sleep; we shall be in safety, and can reach Wilna easily.--God
grant that she may never know what her life has cost!" he thought.

"Philippe! you are wounded!"

"That is nothing."

Too late! the fatal hour had come. The Russian cannon sounded the
reveille. Masters of Studzianka, they could sweep the plain, and by
daylight the major could see two of their columns moving and forming
on the heights. A cry of alarm arose from the multitude, who started
to their feet in an instant. Every man now understood his danger
instinctively, and the whole mass rushed to gain the bridge with the
motion of a wave.

The Russians came down with the rapidity of a conflagration. Men, women,
children, horses,--all rushed tumultuously to the bridge. Fortunately
the major, who was carrying the countess, was still some distance from
it. General Eble had just set fire to the supports on the other bank. In
spite of the warnings shouted to those who were rushing upon the bridge,
not a soul went back. Not only did the bridge go down crowded with human
beings, but the impetuosity of that flood of men toward the fatal bank
was so furious that a mass of humanity poured itself violently into the
river like an avalanche. Not a cry was heard; the only sound was like
the dropping of monstrous stones into the water. Then the Beresina was a
mass of floating corpses.

The retrograde movement of those who now fell back into the plain
to escape the death before them was so violent, and their concussion
against those who were advancing from the rear so terrible, that numbers
were smothered or trampled to death. The Comte and Comtesse de Vandieres
owed their lives to their carriage, behind which Philippe forced them,
using it as a breastwork. As for the major and the grenadier, they found
their safety in their strength. They killed to escape being killed.

This hurricane of human beings, the flux and reflux of living bodies,
had the effect of leaving for a few short moments the whole bank of the
Beresina deserted. The multitude were surging to the plain. If a few men
rushed to the river, it was less in the hope of reaching the other bank,
which to them was France, than to rush from the horrors of Siberia.
Despair proved an aegis to some bold hearts. One officer sprang
from ice-cake to ice-cake, and reached the opposite shore. A soldier
clambered miraculously over mounds of dead bodies and heaps of ice. The
multitude finally comprehended that the Russians would not put to death
a body of twenty thousand men, without arms, torpid, stupid, unable
to defend themselves; and each man awaited his fate with horrible
resignation. Then the major and the grenadier, the general and his wife,
remained almost alone on the river bank, a few steps from the spot where
the bridge had been. They stood there, with dry eyes, silent, surrounded
by heaps of dead. A few sound soldiers, a few officers to whom the
emergency had restored their natural energy, were near them. This group
consisted of some fifty men in all. The major noticed at a distance
of some two hundred yards the remains of another bridge intended for
carriages and destroyed the day before.

"Let us make a raft!" he cried.

He had hardly uttered the words before the whole group rushed to the
ruins, and began to pick up iron bolts, and screws, and pieces of wood
and ropes, whatever materials they could find that were suitable for
the construction of a raft. A score of soldiers and officers, who were
armed, formed a guard, commanded by the major, to protect the workers
against the desperate attacks which might be expected from the crowd,
if their scheme was discovered. The instinct of freedom, strong in all
prisoners, inspiring them to miraculous acts, can only be compared with
that which now drove to action these unfortunate Frenchmen.

"The Russians! the Russians are coming!" cried the defenders to the
workers; and the work went on, the raft increased in length and breadth
and depth. Generals, soldiers, colonel, all put their shoulders to the
wheel; it was a true image of the building of Noah's ark. The young
countess, seated beside her husband, watched the progress of the work
with regret that she could not help it; and yet she did assist in making
knots to secure the cordage.

At last the raft was finished. Forty men launched it on the river, a
dozen others holding the cords which moored it to the shore. But no
sooner had the builders seen their handiwork afloat, than they sprang
from the bank with odious selfishness. The major, fearing the fury of
this first rush, held back the countess and the general, but too late
he saw the whole raft covered, men pressing together like crowds at a
theatre.

"Savages!" he cried, "it was I who gave you the idea of that raft. I
have saved you, and you deny me a place."

A confused murmur answered him. The men at the edge of the raft, armed
with long sticks, pressed with violence against the shore to send off
the frail construction with sufficient impetus to force its way through
corpses and ice-floes to the other shore.

"Thunder of heaven! I'll sweep you into the water if you don't take the
major and his two companions," cried the stalwart grenadier, who swung
his sabre, stopped the departure, and forced the men to stand closer in
spite of furious outcries.

"I shall fall,"--"I am falling,"--"Push off! push off!--Forward!"
resounded on all sides.

The major looked with haggard eyes at Stephanie, who lifted hers to
heaven with a feeling of sublime resignation.

"To die with thee!" she said.

There was something even comical in the position of the men in
possession of the raft. Though they were uttering awful groans and
imprecations, they dared not resist the grenadier, for in truth they
were so closely packed together, that a push to one man might send half
of them overboard. This danger was so pressing that a cavalry captain
endeavored to get rid of the grenadier; but the latter, seeing the
hostile movement of the officer, seized him round the waist and flung
him into the water, crying out,--

"Ha! ha! my duck, do you want to drink? Well, then, drink!--Here are
two places," he cried. "Come, major, toss me the little woman and follow
yourself. Leave that old fossil, who'll be dead by to-morrow."

"Make haste!" cried the voice of all, as one man.

"Come, major, they are grumbling, and they have a right to do so."

The Comte de Vandieres threw off his wrappings and showed himself in his
general's uniform.

"Let us save the count," said Philippe.

Stephanie pressed his hand, and throwing herself on his breast, she
clasped him tightly.

"Adieu!" she said.

They had understood each other.

The Comte de Vandieres recovered sufficient strength and presence of
mind to spring upon the raft, whither Stephanie followed him, after
turning a last look to Philippe.

"Major! will you take my place? I don't care a fig for life," cried the
grenadier. "I've neither wife nor child nor mother."

"I confide them to your care," said the major, pointing to the count and
his wife.

"Then be easy; I'll care for them, as though they were my very eyes."

The raft was now sent off with so much violence toward the opposite side
of the river, that as it touched ground, the shock was felt by all. The
count, who was at the edge of it, lost his balance and fell into the
river; as he fell, a cake of sharp ice caught him, and cut off his head,
flinging it to a great distance.

"See there! major!" cried the grenadier.

"Adieu!" said a woman's voice.

Philippe de Sucy fell to the ground, overcome with horror and fatigue.




CHAPTER III. THE CURE


"My poor niece became insane," continued the physician, after a few
moment's silence. "Ah! monsieur," he said, seizing the marquis's hand,
"life has been awful indeed for that poor little woman, so young,
so delicate! After being, by dreadful fatality, separated from the
grenadier, whose name was Fleuriot, she was dragged about for two years
at the heels of the army, the plaything of a crowd of wretches. She
was often, they tell me, barefooted, and scarcely clothed; for months
together, she had no care, no food but what she could pick up; sometimes
kept in hospitals, sometimes driven away like an animal, God alone knows
the horrors that poor unfortunate creature has survived. She was
locked up in a madhouse, in a little town in Germany, at the time
her relatives, thinking her dead, divided her property. In 1816, the
grenadier Fleuriot was at an inn in Strasburg, where she went after
making her escape from the madhouse. Several peasants told the grenadier
that she had lived for a whole month in the forest, where they had
tracked her in vain, trying to catch her, but she had always escaped
them. I was then staying a few miles from Strasburg. Hearing much talk
of a wild woman caught in the woods, I felt a desire to ascertain the
truth of the ridiculous stories which were current about her. What were
my feelings on beholding my own niece! Fleuriot told me all he knew of
her dreadful history. I took the poor man with my niece back to my home
in Auvergne, where, unfortunately, I lost him some months later. He had
some slight control over Madame de Vandieres; he alone could induce her
to wear clothing. 'Adieu,' that word, which is her only language, she
seldom uttered at that time. Fleuriot had endeavored to awaken in her a
few ideas, a few memories of the past; but he failed; all that he gained
was to make her say that melancholy word a little oftener. Still, the
grenadier knew how to amuse her and play with her; my hope was in him,
but--"

He was silent for a moment.

"Here," he continued, "she has found another creature, with whom
she seems to have some strange understanding. It is a poor idiotic
peasant-girl, who, in spite of her ugliness and stupidity, loved a man,
a mason. The mason was willing to marry her, as she had some property.
Poor Genevieve was happy for a year; she dressed in her best to dance
with her lover on Sunday; she comprehended love; in her heart and soul
there was room for that one sentiment. But the mason, Dallot, reflected.
He found a girl with all her senses, and more land than Genevieve,
and he deserted the poor creature. Since then she has lost the little
intellect that love developed in her; she can do nothing but watch the
cows, or help at harvesting. My niece and this poor girl are friends,
apparently by some invisible chain of their common destiny, by
the sentiment in each which has caused their madness. See!" added
Stephanie's uncle, leading the marquis to a window.

The latter then saw the countess seated on the ground between
Genevieve's legs. The peasant-girl, armed with a huge horn comb, was
giving her whole attention to the work of disentangling the long black
hair of the poor countess, who was uttering little stifled cries,
expressive of some instinctive sense of pleasure. Monsieur d'Albon
shuddered as he saw the utter abandonment of the body, the careless
animal ease which revealed in the hapless woman a total absence of soul.

"Philippe, Philippe!" he muttered, "the past horrors are nothing!--Is
there no hope?" he asked.

The old physician raised his eyes to heaven.

"Adieu, monsieur," said the marquis, pressing his hand. "My friend is
expecting me. He will soon come to you."

"Then it was really she!" cried de Sucy at d'Albon's first words. "Ah!
I still doubted it," he added, a few tears falling from his eyes, which
were habitually stern.

"Yes, it is the Comtesse de Vandieres," replied the marquis.

The colonel rose abruptly from his bed and began to dress.

"Philippe!" cried his friend, "are you mad?"

"I am no longer ill," replied the colonel, simply. "This news has
quieted my suffering. What pain can I feel when I think of Stephanie? I
am going to the Bons-Hommes, to see her, speak to her, cure her. She is
free. Well, happiness will smile upon us--or Providence is not in
this world. Think you that that poor woman could hear my voice and not
recover reason?"

"She has already seen you and not recognized you," said his friend,
gently, for he felt the danger of Philippe's excited hopes, and tried to
cast a salutary doubt upon them.

The colonel quivered; then he smiled, and made a motion of incredulity.
No one dared to oppose his wish, and within a very short time he reached
the old priory.

"Where is she?" he cried, on arriving.

"Hush!" said her uncle, "she is sleeping. See, here she is."

Philippe then saw the poor insane creature lying on a bench in the sun.
Her head was protected from the heat by a forest of hair which fell in
tangled locks over her face. Her arms hung gracefully to the ground; her
body lay easily posed like that of a doe; her feet were folded under her
without effort; her bosom rose and fell at regular intervals; her skin,
her complexion, had that porcelain whiteness, which we admire so much in
the clear transparent faces of children. Standing motionless beside
her, Genevieve held in her hand a branch which Stephanie had doubtless
climbed a tall poplar to obtain, and the poor idiot was gently waving
it above her sleeping companion, to chase away the flies and cool the
atmosphere.

The peasant-woman gazed at Monsieur Fanjat and the colonel; then, like
an animal which recognizes its master, she turned her head slowly to
the countess, and continued to watch her, without giving any sign
of surprise or intelligence. The air was stifling; the stone bench
glittered in the sunlight; the meadow exhaled to heaven those impish
vapors which dance and dart above the herbage like silvery dust; but
Genevieve seemed not to feel this all-consuming heat.

The colonel pressed the hand of the doctor violently in his own. Tears
rolled from his eyes along his manly cheeks, and fell to the earth at
the feet of his Stephanie.

"Monsieur," said the uncle, "for two years past, my heart is broken day
by day. Soon you will be like me. You may not always weep, but you will
always feel your sorrow."

The two men understood each other; and again, pressing each other's
hands, they remained motionless, contemplating the exquisite calmness
which sleep had cast upon that graceful creature. From time to time
she gave a sigh, and that sigh, which had all the semblance of
sensibilities, made the unhappy colonel tremble with hope.

"Alas!" said Monsieur Fanjat, "do not deceive yourself, monsieur; there
is no meaning in her sigh."

Those who have ever watched for hours with delight the sleep of one
who is tenderly beloved, whose eyes will smile to them at waking, can
understand the sweet yet terrible emotion that shook the colonel's soul.
To him, this sleep was an illusion; the waking might be death, death in
its most awful form. Suddenly, a little goat jumped in three bounds to
the bench, and smelt at Stephanie, who waked at the sound. She sprang to
her feet, but so lightly that the movement did not frighten the freakish
animal; then she caught sight of Philippe, and darted away, followed by
her four-footed friend, to a hedge of elders; there she uttered the same
little cry like a frightened bird, which the two men had heard near the
other gate. Then she climbed an acacia, and nestling into its tufted
top, she watched the stranger with the inquisitive attention of the
forest birds.

"Adieu, adieu, adieu," she said, without the soul communicating one
single intelligent inflexion to the word.

It was uttered impassively, as the bird sings his note.

"She does not recognize me!" cried the colonel, in despair. "Stephanie!
it is Philippe, thy Philippe, PHILIPPE!"

And the poor soldier went to the acacia; but when he was a few steps
from it, the countess looked at him, as if defying him, although a
slight expression of fear seemed to flicker in her eye; then, with a
single bound she sprang from the acacia to a laburnum, and thence to a
Norway fir, where she darted from branch to branch with extraordinary
agility.

"Do not pursue her," said Monsieur Fanjat to the colonel, "or you will
arouse an aversion which might become insurmountable. I will help you to
tame her and make her come to you. Let us sit on this bench. If you pay
no attention to her, she will come of her own accord to examine you."

"SHE! not to know me! to flee me!" repeated the colonel, seating himself
on a bench with his back to a tree that shaded it, and letting his head
fall upon his breast.

The doctor said nothing. Presently, the countess came gently down the
fir-tree, letting herself swing easily on the branches, as the wind
swayed them. At each branch she stopped to examine the stranger; but
seeing him motionless, she at last sprang to the ground and came slowly
towards him across the grass. When she reached a tree about ten feet
distant, against which she leaned, Monsieur Fanjat said to the colonel
in a low voice,--

"Take out, adroitly, from my right hand pocket some lumps of sugar
you will feel there. Show them to her, and she will come to us. I will
renounce in your favor my sole means of giving her pleasure. With sugar,
which she passionately loves, you will accustom her to approach you, and
to know you again."

"When she was a woman," said Philippe, sadly, "she had no taste for
sweet things."

When the colonel showed her the lump of sugar, holding it between the
thumb and forefinger of his right hand, she again uttered her little
wild cry, and sprang toward him; then she stopped, struggling against
the instinctive fear he caused her; she looked at the sugar and turned
away her head alternately, precisely like a dog whose master forbids him
to touch his food until he has said a letter of the alphabet which he
slowly repeats. At last the animal desire triumphed over fear. Stephanie
darted to Philippe, cautiously putting out her little brown hand to
seize the prize, touched the fingers of her poor lover as she snatched
the sugar, and fled away among the trees. This dreadful scene overcame
the colonel; he burst into tears and rushed into the house.

"Has love less courage than friendship?" Monsieur Fanjat said to him.
"I have some hope, Monsieur le baron. My poor niece was in a far worse
state than that in which you now find her."

"How was that possible?" cried Philippe.

"She went naked," replied the doctor.

The colonel made a gesture of horror and turned pale. The doctor saw in
that sudden pallor alarming symptoms; he felt the colonel's pulse, found
him in a violent fever, and half persuaded, half compelled him to go to
bed. Then he gave him a dose of opium to ensure a calm sleep.

Eight days elapsed, during which Colonel de Sucy struggled against
mortal agony; tears no longer came to his eyes. His soul, often
lacerated, could not harden itself to the sight of Stephanie's insanity;
but he covenanted, so to speak, with his cruel situation, and found some
assuaging of his sorrow. He had the courage to slowly tame the countess
by bringing her sweetmeats; he took such pains in choosing them, and he
learned so well how to keep the little conquests he sought to make upon
her instincts--that last shred of her intellect--that he ended by making
her much TAMER than she had ever been.

Every morning he went into the park, and if, after searching for her
long, he could not discover on what tree she was swaying, nor the covert
in which she crouched to play with a bird, nor the roof on which she
might have clambered, he would whistle the well-known air of "Partant
pour la Syrie," to which some tender memory of their love attached.
Instantly, Stephanie would run to him with the lightness of a fawn. She
was now so accustomed to see him, that he frightened her no longer. Soon
she was willing to sit upon his knee, and clasp him closely with her
thin and agile arm. In that attitude--so dear to lovers!--Philippe would
feed her with sugarplums. Then, having eaten those that he gave her, she
would often search his pockets with gestures that had all the mechanical
velocity of a monkey's motions. When she was very sure there was nothing
more, she looked at Philippe with clear eyes, without ideas, with
recognition. Then she would play with him, trying at times to take off
his boots to see his feet, tearing his gloves, putting on his hat; she
would even let him pass his hands through her hair, and take her in his
arms; she accepted, but without pleasure, his ardent kisses. She would
look at him silently, without emotion, when his tears flowed; but she
always understood his "Partant pour la Syrie," when he whistled it,
though he never succeeded in teaching her to say her own name Stephanie.

Philippe was sustained in his agonizing enterprise by hope, which never
abandoned him. When, on fine autumn mornings, he found the countess
sitting peacefully on a bench, beneath a poplar now yellowing, the poor
lover would sit at her feet, looking into her eyes as long as she
would let him, hoping ever that the light that was in them would become
intelligent. Sometimes the thought deluded him that he saw those hard
immovable rays softening, vibrating, living, and he cried out,--

"Stephanie! Stephanie! thou hearest me, thou seest me!"

But she listened to that cry as to a noise, the soughing of the wind
in the tree-tops, or the lowing of the cow on the back of which she
climbed. Then the colonel would wring his hands in despair,--despair
that was new each day.

One evening, under a calm sky, amid the silence and peace of that rural
haven, the doctor saw, from a distance, that the colonel was loading his
pistols. The old man felt then that the young man had ceased to hope;
he felt the blood rushing to his heart, and if he conquered the vertigo
that threatened him, it was because he would rather see his niece living
and mad than dead. He hastened up.

"What are you doing?" he said.

"That is for me," replied the colonel, pointing to a pistol already
loaded, which was lying on the bench; "and this is for her," he added,
as he forced the wad into the weapon he held.

The countess was lying on the ground beside him, playing with the balls.

"Then you do not know," said the doctor, coldly, concealing his terror,
"that in her sleep last night she called you: Philippe!"

"She called me!" cried the baron, dropping his pistol, which Stephanie
picked up. He took it from her hastily, caught up the one that was on
the bench, and rushed away.

"Poor darling!" said the doctor, happy in the success of his lie. He
pressed the poor creature to his breast, and continued speaking to
himself: "He would have killed thee, selfish man! because he suffers. He
does not love thee for thyself, my child! But we forgive, do we not? He
is mad, out of his senses, but thou art only senseless. No, God alone
should call thee to Him. We think thee unhappy, we pity thee because
thou canst not share our sorrows, fools that we are!--But," he said,
sitting down and taking her on his knee, "nothing troubles thee; thy
life is like that of a bird, of a fawn--"

As he spoke she darted upon a young blackbird which was hopping near
them, caught it with a little note of satisfaction, strangled it, looked
at it, dead in her hand, and flung it down at the foot of a tree without
a thought.

The next day, as soon as it was light, the colonel came down into the
gardens, and looked about for Stephanie,--he believed in the coming
happiness. Not finding her he whistled. When his darling came to him, he
took her on his arm; they walked together thus for the first time, and
he led her within a group of trees, the autumn foliage of which
was dropping to the breeze. The colonel sat down. Of her own accord
Stephanie placed herself on his knee. Philippe trembled with joy.

"Love," he said, kissing her hands passionately, "I am Philippe."

She looked at him with curiosity.

"Come," he said, pressing her to him, "dost thou feel my heart? It has
beaten for thee alone. I love thee ever. Philippe is not dead; he is
not dead, thou art on him, in his arms. Thou art MY Stephanie; I am thy
Philippe."

"Adieu," she said, "adieu."

The colonel quivered, for he fancied he saw his own excitement
communicated to his mistress. His heart-rending cry, drawn from him by
despair, that last effort of an eternal love, of a delirious passion,
was successful, the mind of his darling was awaking.

"Ah! Stephanie! Stephanie! we shall yet be happy."

She gave a cry of satisfaction, and her eyes brightened with a flash of
vague intelligence.

"She knows me!--Stephanie!"

His heart swelled; his eyelids were wet with tears. Then, suddenly, the
countess showed him a bit of sugar she had found in his pocket while
he was speaking to her. He had mistaken for human thought the amount
of reason required for a monkey's trick. Philippe dropped to the ground
unconscious. Monsieur Fanjat found the countess sitting on the colonel's
body. She was biting her sugar, and testifying her pleasure by pretty
gestures and affectations with which, had she her reason, she might have
imitated her parrot or her cat.

"Ah! my friend," said Philippe, when he came to his senses, "I die every
day, every moment! I love too well! I could still bear all, if, in
her madness, she had kept her woman's nature. But to see her always a
savage, devoid even of modesty, to see her--"

"You want opera madness, do you? something picturesque and pleasing,"
said the doctor, bitterly. "Your love and your devotion yield before
a prejudice. Monsieur, I have deprived myself for your sake of the sad
happiness of watching over my niece; I have left to you the pleasure of
playing with her; I have kept for myself the heaviest cares. While you
have slept, I have watched, I have--Go, monsieur, go! abandon her! leave
this sad refuge. I know how to live with that dear darling creature; I
comprehend her madness, I watch her gestures, I know her secrets. Some
day you will thank me for thus sending you away."

The colonel left the old monastery, never to return but once. The doctor
was horrified when he saw the effect he had produced upon his guest,
whom he now began to love when he saw him thus. Surely, if either of the
two lovers were worthy of pity, it was Philippe; did he not bear alone
the burden of their dreadful sorrow?

After the colonel's departure the doctor kept himself informed about
him; he learned that the miserable man was living on an estate near
Saint-Germain. In truth, the baron, on the faith of a dream, had formed
a project which he believed would yet restore the mind of his darling.
Unknown to the doctor, he spent the rest of the autumn in preparing for
his enterprise. A little river flowed through his park and inundated
during the winter the marshes on either side of it, giving it some
resemblance to the Beresina. The village of Satout, on the heights
above, closed in, like Studzianka, the scene of horror. The colonel
collected workmen to deepen the banks, and by the help of his memory, he
copied in his park the shore where General Eble destroyed the bridge.
He planted piles, and made buttresses and burned them, leaving their
charred and blackened ruins, standing in the water from shore to shore.
Then he gathered fragments of all kinds, like those of which the raft
was built. He ordered dilapidated uniforms and clothing of every grade,
and hired hundreds of peasants to wear them; he erected huts and cabins
for the purpose of burning them. In short, he forgot nothing that might
recall that most awful of all scenes, and he succeeded.

Toward the last of December, when the snow had covered with its thick,
white mantle all his imitative preparations, he recognized the Beresina.
This false Russia was so terribly truthful, that several of his army
comrades recognized the scene of their past misery at once. Monsieur
de Sucy took care to keep secret the motive for this tragic imitation,
which was talked of in several Parisian circles as a proof of insanity.

Early in January, 1820, the colonel drove in a carriage, the very
counterpart of the one in which he had driven the Comte and Comtesse de
Vandieres from Moscow to Studzianka. The horses, too, were like those he
had gone, at the peril of his life, to fetch from the Russian outposts.
He himself wore the soiled fantastic clothing, the same weapons, as on
the 29th of November, 1812. He had let his beard grow, also his hair,
which was tangled and matted, and his face was neglected, so that
nothing might be wanting to represent the awful truth.

"I can guess your purpose," cried Monsieur Fanjat, when he saw the
colonel getting out of the carriage. "If you want to succeed, do not
let my niece see you in that equipage. To-night I will give her opium.
During her sleep, we will dress her as she was at Studzianka, and place
her in the carriage. I will follow you in another vehicle."

About two in the morning, the sleeping countess was placed in the
carriage and wrapped in heavy coverings. A few peasants with torches
lighted up this strange abduction. Suddenly, a piercing cry broke the
silence of the night. Philippe and the doctor turned, and saw Genevieve
coming half-naked from the ground-floor room in which she slept.

"Adieu, adieu! all is over, adieu!" she cried, weeping hot tears.

"Genevieve, what troubles you?" asked the doctor.

Genevieve shook her head with a motion of despair, raised her arm to
heaven, looked at the carriage, uttering a long-drawn moan with every
sign of the utmost terror; then she returned to her room silently.

"That is a good omen!" cried the colonel. "She feels she is to lose her
companion. Perhaps she SEES that Stephanie will recover her reason."

"God grant it!" said Monsieur Fanjat, who himself was affected by the
incident.

Ever since he had made a close study of insanity, the good man had
met with many examples of the prophetic faculty and the gift of second
sight, proofs of which are frequently given by alienated minds, and
which may also be found, so travellers say, among certain tribes of
savages.

As the colonel had calculated, Stephanie crossed the fictitious plain of
the Beresina at nine o'clock in the morning, when she was awakened by a
cannon shot not a hundred yards from the spot where the experiment was
to be tried. This was a signal. Hundreds of peasants made a frightful
clamor like that on the shore of the river that memorable night, when
twenty thousand stragglers were doomed to death or slavery by their own
folly.

At the cry, at the shot, the countess sprang from the carriage, and ran,
with delirious emotion, over the snow to the banks of the river; she saw
the burned bivouacs and the charred remains of the bridge, and the fatal
raft, which the men were launching into the icy waters of the Beresina.
The major, Philippe, was there, striking back the crowd with his sabre.
Madame de Vandieres gave a cry, which went to all hearts, and threw
herself before the colonel, whose heart beat wildly. She seemed to
gather herself together, and, at first, looked vaguely at the singular
scene. For an instant, as rapid as the lightning's flash, her eyes had
that lucidity, devoid of mind, which we admire in the eye of birds; then
passing her hand across her brow with the keen expression of one who
meditates, she contemplated the living memory of a past scene spread
before her, and, turning quickly to Philippe, she SAW HIM. An awful
silence reigned in the crowd. The colonel gasped, but dared not speak;
the doctor wept. Stephanie's sweet face colored faintly; then, from tint
to tint, it returned to the brightness of youth, till it glowed with
a beautiful crimson. Life and happiness, lighted by intelligence, came
nearer and nearer like a conflagration. Convulsive trembling rose from
her feet to her heart. Then these phenomena seemed to blend in one as
Stephanie's eyes cast forth a celestial ray, the flame of a living
soul. She lived, she thought! She shuddered, with fear perhaps, for God
himself unloosed that silent tongue, and cast anew His fires into that
long-extinguished soul. Human will came with its full electric torrent,
and vivified the body from which it had been driven.

"Stephanie!" cried the colonel.

"Oh! it is Philippe," said the poor countess.

She threw herself into the trembling arms that the colonel held out to
her, and the clasp of the lovers frightened the spectators. Stephanie
burst into tears. Suddenly her tears stopped, she stiffened as though
the lightning had touched her, and said in a feeble voice,--

"Adieu, Philippe; I love thee, adieu!"

"Oh! she is dead," cried the colonel, opening his arms.

The old doctor received the inanimate body of his niece, kissed it as
though he were a young man, and carrying it aside, sat down with it
still in his arms on a pile of wood. He looked at the countess and
placed his feeble trembling hand upon her heart. That heart no longer
beat.

"It is true," he said, looking up at the colonel, who stood motionless,
and then at Stephanie, on whom death was placing that resplendent
beauty, that fugitive halo, which is, perhaps, a pledge of the glorious
future--"Yes, she is dead."

"Ah! that smile," cried Philippe, "do you see that smile? Can it be
true?"

"She is turning cold," replied Monsieur Fanjat.

Monsieur de Sucy made a few steps to tear himself away from the sight;
but he stopped, whistled the air that Stephanie had known, and when she
did not come to him, went on with staggering steps like a drunken man,
still whistling, but never turning back.

General Philippe de Sucy was thought in the social world to be a very
agreeable man, and above all a very gay one. A few days ago, a lady
complimented him on his good humor, and the charming equability of his
nature.

"Ah! madame," he said, "I pay dear for my liveliness in my lonely
evenings."

"Are you ever alone?" she said.

"No," he replied smiling.

If a judicious observer of human nature could have seen at that moment
the expression on the Comte de Sucy's face, he would perhaps have
shuddered.

"Why don't you marry?" said the lady, who had several daughters at
school. "You are rich, titled, and of ancient lineage; you have talents,
and a great future before you; all things smile upon you."

"Yes," he said, "but a smile kills me."

The next day the lady heard with great astonishment that Monsieur de
Sucy had blown his brains out during the night. The upper ranks of
society talked in various ways over this extraordinary event, and each
person looked for the cause of it. According to the proclivities of each
reasoner, play, love, ambition, hidden disorders, and vices, explained
the catastrophe, the last scene of a drama begun in 1812. Two men alone,
a marquis and former deputy, and an aged physician, knew that Philippe
de Sucy was one of those strong men to whom God has given the unhappy
power of issuing daily in triumph from awful combats which they fight
with an unseen monster. If, for a moment, God withdraws from such men
His all-powerful hand, they succumb.




ADDENDUM

The following personage appears in other stories of the Human Comedy.

Note: Adieu is also entitled Farewell.

     Granville, Vicomte de
       The Gondreville Mystery
       A Second Home
       Farewell (Adieu)
       Cesar Birotteau
       Scenes from a Courtesan's Life
       A Daughter of Eve
       Cousin Pons








*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADIEU ***


    

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
States without permission and without paying copyright
royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following
the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use
of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very
easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation
of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project
Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may
do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected
by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark
license, especially commercial redistribution.


START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person
or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual
works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting
free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily
comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when
you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no
representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear
prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work
on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed,
performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

    This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
    other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
    whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
    of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
    at www.gutenberg.org. If you
    are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws
    of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
  
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is
derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works
posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format
other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official
version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain
Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:

    • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
        the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method
        you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
        to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has
        agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
        Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
        within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
        legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
        payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
        Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
        Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
        Literary Archive Foundation.”
    
    • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
        you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
        does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
        License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
        copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
        all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™
        works.
    
    • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
        any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
        electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
        receipt of the work.
    
    • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
        distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
    

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than
are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right
of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,
Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread
public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state
visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.