[i]THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY

CONTENTS.

• EDITORIAL.
  • To the Pastors and Churches
  • A Call for Enlistment
  • Paragraphs
  • Supremacy of the White Race in the South
  • Training of Colored Students for the Episcopal Ministry
  • A Monthly Concert And Supplement
  • Notes from New England
  • English as it is Not Taught
  • Clippings
• THE SOUTH.
  • Revival at LeMoyne Institute
  • Every-Day Life
  • Crowded School-Rooms
  • Paragraphs—Death of Mrs. Hattie B. Sherman
• THE CHINESE.
  • Loo Quong's Appeal
• BUREAU OF WOMAN'S WORK.
  • Paragraphs
  • Christmas at Fort Yates
  • Miss Collins
• FOR THE CHILDREN.
  • Our School Girls—Josie Mike—Polliwog
• RECEIPTS

NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.
Rooms, 56 Reade Street.

[ii]

American Missionary Association.

• President, Rev. Wm. M. Taylor, D.D., LLD., N.Y.
• Vice-Presidents.
  • Rev. A.J.F. Behrends, D.D., N.Y.
  • Rev. Alex. McKenzie, D.D., Mass.
  • Rev. F.A. Noble, D.D., Ill.
  • Rev. D.O. Mears, D.D., Mass.
  • Rev. Henry Hopkins, D.D., Mo.
• Corresponding Secretaries.
  • Rev. M.E. Strieby, D.D., 56 Reade Street, N.Y.
  • Rev. A.F. Beard, D.D., 56 Reade Street, N.Y.
• Recording Secretary.
  • Rev. M.E. Strieby, D.D., 56 Reade Street, N.Y.
• Treasurer.
  • H.W. Hubbard, Esq., 56 Reade Street, N.Y.
• Auditors.
  • Peter McCartee.
  • Chas. P. Peirce.
• Executive Committee.
  • John H. Washburn, Chairman.
  • Addison P. Foster, Secretary.
• • For Three Years.
    • J.E. Rankin,
    • Wm. H. Ward,
    • J.W. Cooper,
    • John H. Washburn,
    • Edmund L. Champlin.
  • For Two Years.
    • Lyman Abbott,
    • Chas. A. Hull,
    • J.R. Danforth,
    • Clinton B. Fisk,
    • Addison P. Foster.
  • For One Year.
    • S.B. Halliday,
    • Samuel Holmes,
    • Samuel S. Marples,
    • Charles L. Mead,
    • Elbert B. Monroe.
• District Secretaries.
  • Rev. C.J. Ryder, 21 Cong'l House, Boston.
  • Rev. J.E. Roy, D.D., 151 Washington Street, Chicago.
• Financial Secretary for Indian Missions.
  • Rev. Chas. W. Shelton.
• Field Superintendents.
  • Rev. Frank E. Jenkins,
  • Prof. Edward S. Hall.
• Secretary Of Woman's Bureau.
  • Miss D.E. Emerson, 56 Reade St. N.Y.

COMMUNICATIONS

Relating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the Corresponding Secretaries; letters for "THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY," to the Editor, at the New York Office; letters relating to the finances, to the Treasurer.

DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS

In drafts, checks, registered letters, or post-office orders, may be sent to H.W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New York, or, when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, 21 Congregational House, Boston, Mass., or 151 Washington Street, Chicago, Ill. A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a Life Member.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.—The date on the "address label," indicates the time to which the subscription is paid. Changes are made in date on label to the 10th of each month. If payment of subscription be made afterward, the change on the label will appear a month later. Please send early notice of change in post-office address, giving the former address and the new address, in order that our periodicals and occasional papers may be correctly mailed.

FORM OF A BEQUEST

"I bequeath to my executor (or executors) the sum of —— dollars, in trust, to pay the same in —— days after my decease to the person who, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of the 'American Missionary Association,' of New York City, to be applied, under the direction of the Executive Committee of the Association, to its charitable uses and purposes." The Will should be attested by three witnesses.

THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY.

American Missionary Association.

TO THE PASTORS AND CHURCHES

Dear Brethren: The work of this Association requires $1,000 per day. The receipts for the first four months of our fiscal year have been only about $800 a day. Here is the germ of a debt. Unless it is chilled and destroyed in the vigorous months of March, April and May, when the churches are full and active, it will, during the hot summer months, when the audiences are thin, grow rapidly, and develop its bitter fruit—a great deficit. The coming three months will be the test. We are the servants of the churches and are doing their work, and we are confident that they intend to give us the means to carry it forward.

We, therefore, appeal to the pastors whose collections come during these three months, or whose collections can conveniently be brought within these three months, to lend us their great help by emphasizing our needs when the collections are taken, and we appeal to our patrons that they will, both in their church collections or by their special donations, come to our aid in a time when that aid will be so beneficial.

A CALL FOR ENLISTMENT.

Perhaps we never shall cease our urgent appeals for the "sinews of war." The growing work of this Association requires increasing funds to meet the enlarged demand. But we are beginning to feel the need of a greater force in the field. We sound forth the bugle note calling for recruits for the army of the Lord in our glorious warfare. We appeal to students in theological seminaries, colleges, normal schools and female seminaries, to consider the claims of this great work. We make this appeal with special urgency to the Congregational institutions of the land, for it is from this body of Christians that we receive nearly all the funds with which we carry on our work, and there is a special fitness that the sons and daughters of these [62] churches should enter the field for which the funds are contributed.

But we wish to make a distinct announcement in connection with this appeal. We wish only to "get the best." The needy people for whom we labor have suffered such privations, and such absolute destitution of all adequate religious instruction, that we feel they are now entitled to as good as can be given them. We send no teachers to the field that are incompetent and without adequate experience. We do not believe that everybody is qualified to teach the Negroes, at least it is not fair to them, that we should employ those who cannot find occupation anywhere else. Good health, good training, good powers of discipline, a missionary spirit and a membership in some evangelical church, are the absolute essentials for all persons that we employ. We call for recruits, but we ask for only those that are well equipped, courageous and ready to endure hardness as good soldiers of Christ.

The treasurer of a church in the West, who had been an officer in a colored regiment during the war, in remitting the contribution of the church to which he belongs, thus expresses his reason for his interest in the welfare of the colored people:

"I was an officer in the 5th United States Colored Troops, the first colored regiment raised west of the Alleghenies, just before the massacre of colored troops at Fort Pillow, and knowing so much of the fidelity and valor and good service of those troops in the war to the Nation, to which they then owed so little, I have special interest in the enlightenment and uplifting of the colored race in the South."

In the last month's Missionary, we published some statements showing that persons declined to contribute to our treasury because we had been so enriched by the Daniel Hand Fund. It gives us pleasure to know that all our patrons do not take this view of the matter, as will be seen from the following extract from the letter of a practical business man:

"If A.M.A. means A Million Accepted, I hope you will be able to write it once a year till you can build churches, school-houses and colleges all through the South, but not enough to take away from the churches of the North and East the privilege of helping the poor and needy till they are able to take care of themselves."

Rev. Chas. H. McIntosh has for some months assisted Dr. Roy in collecting funds for the Association, using a stereopticon as a means of illustrating his lectures on the varied phases of our work.

Pastor Leeper of Red Oak, Iowa, writes: "We were much pleased with Brother McIntosh's lecture and exhibit. He does well, and makes in [63] every way a good impression. The lantern works promptly and makes clear pictures. That mode of presenting the work is the best I have seen. The people will not soon forget what they saw and heard. They were surprised to know that the A.M.A. is doing so extensive a work. I had often preached on the subject, but pictures make the facts stand out so much more vividly. We had crowded houses."

Rev. J.B. Chase, of Hull, Iowa, wishes to complete his files of the American Missionary to have them bound for a public library. If any of our readers have the numbers for August and September, 1880, and April, 1878, that they can spare and willingly give, it would be a favor to us if they would mail them to the above address. Our edition for those months is exhausted.

THE SUPREMACY OF THE WHITE RACE IN THE SOUTH.

Never since the days of reconstruction and of the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution, has the question of the equal suffrage of the races in the South awakened public attention as it does now. In many quarters, some of them very influential, the right of the Negro to a fair vote and a fair count is strenuously advocated. On the other hand, the supremacy of the whites as the ruling race in the South is set forth by leading Southern men more distinctly than ever before.

Col. Grady, of Atlanta, in his famous speech at Dallas, Texas, urges this in these emphatic terms:

Hon. W.C.P. Breckinridge, member of Congress from Kentucky, and many other prominent men in the South, express the same sentiment, so that this may be regarded as the ultimatum of Southern popular requirement.

The most obvious way is that which is in use at present, the intimidation of the colored man and the manipulation of the ballot-box. But against this the sober second thought of the South itself begins to revolt. Thus a paper so thoroughly Southern as the Charleston News and Courier utters this salutary and emphatic protest:

"It appals thinking men to know and see that the present[64] generation and the rising generation of white men in the South are taught in practice that republican institutions are a failure, and that elections are to be carried, not by the honest vote of a fair majority, but by campaigning, which begins with rank intimidation and ends with subterfuge and evasion. The white people suffer more by the trickery and malfeasance by which they score victory than the colored people suffer. The supremacy of what, for convenience, is called Anglo-Saxon civilization, though there is little of the Anglo-Saxon manner or of civilization in the mode of securing it, must and will be maintained, but it can be maintained without sectional divisions in politics and without the maintenance of radical lines at elections."

As these old methods are beginning to find little favor with the South itself, a multitude of other schemes are brought to the front.

The Age-Herald, of Birmingham, Ala., claims a patent (which it says others are infringing) for the scheme which it thus sets forth:

"The Negroes could be induced to emigrate to a Western Territory, if it were set apart for their especial use without any force being used to compel them to go."

A writer in the Richmond Dispatch proposes that the Negroes in the South be induced to voluntarily emigrate to Brazil, Mexico or other countries where they are wanted, and even the old plan of fifty years ago, to return them to Africa is again brought forward. To this last suggestion, the Yonkers Statesman replies:

The Times-Democrat of New Orleans thinks that the true solution is white immigration, but the Daily Express of San Antonio, Texas, replies: "The principal objection to this scheme is that the Negro will not go till the white immigrants come, and the white immigrants will not come until the Negro goes."

Congressman Oates, of Alabama, advocates the disfranchisement of the Negroes, or rather as a Democrat he suggests that the Republicans do it. He says that as the Republicans gave him the ballot, the South would cheerfully acquiesce if they should take it away from him. But it is not likely that the Republican administration will lead off in such a movement. Indeed, from present appearances, the new President is looking in exactly the opposite direction.

There are men, however, in the South, wise, conscientious and "to the manner born," who take entirely different views of this great problem. The Hon. J.L.M. Curry, once a General in the Confederate Army, subsequently the efficient Secretary of the Peabody Fund, more recently our Minister in [65] Spain, and now again at his post as Secretary of the Peabody Fund, utters himself in this forcible language:

Rev. A.G. Haygood, D.D., Secretary of the Slater Fund, closes a review of Senator Eustis's recent paper in these earnest words:

Whatever political theory men form or oppose; whatever their speculative opinions about the origin of races; whatever their notions concerning color or caste; whatever their relations heretofore to slavery and what went along with it, this is absolutely certain: no question involving the rights and wrongs of men, civilized or savage, white or black, was ever yet settled so that it would stay settled by any system of mere repression. And to those who believe in Jesus Christ it is equally certain that nothing can be rightly settled that is not settled in harmony with the teachings of the Sermon on the Mount. If there be a Divine Providence no good man need be afraid to do right to-day; nay, he will fear only doing wrong.

THE TRAINING OF COLORED STUDENTS FOR THE EPISCOPAL MINISTRY.

A very interesting discussion occurred in the Missionary Council of the Episcopal Church, held in Washington, D.C., November 13th and 14th, in regard to the education of colored students for the ministry in the Episcopal Church. The motive for not educating them in the existing Episcopal Seminaries appeared to be simply the caste-prejudice, and some marked utterances and facts were given on that subject, which we wish to preserve.

The Bishop of Kentucky, whose generous feelings toward the colored race we have had occasion to notice heretofore, quoted from another, and endorsed for himself, the declaration: "The white man is not fit to study for the ministry who is not ready to have his black brother sit by him in the class room," and he subsequently added: "I believe I can speak for my brothers, and I say out of my heart I would just as soon sit by the side of a black man if he were in the House of Bishops, as one of my white brothers." But yet the Bishop suggested and endorsed the plan for the separate education of colored students, for two reasons: (1) "The power of heredity is not to be overthrown in a day nor an hour... This subtle spirit [66] of caste is perhaps the demon hardest to cast out of the human spirit, the one that requires the most prayer and fasting, without which it will not go out," and (2) "It is certainly true that the colored men themselves do not want to go there. It is just as true that the white men do not want to have them there."

As to the first point, it is to be regretted that the good Bishop did not give himself to fasting and prayer to cast out this malignant demon, rather than to yield to it, and that he did not heed the words which Jesus uttered when his disciples could not cast out a demon, "Bring him hither to me." If bishops and churches will only bring this demon of caste to Jesus, the work will be done.

The Bishop's second point, that the colored people desired the separation, was pointedly answered by Dr. Crummell (rector of St. Luke's Colored Church, Washington,) who was invited to speak on the subject. Dr. Crummell said: "I do not think that any man in this country has seen any statement by any number of black men or black students that they wanted to be by themselves. I do not think such an utterance can be found among the race. I myself never heard such a thing, and wherever they have had entrance to other schools they have gone to them."

The decision reached by the Council was to erect, in connection with some of the colored universities in the South, a hall under Episcopal control for colored Episcopal students for the ministry, who should also attend the college classes in the University. So far as the principle is concerned, we regret this decision. How much better if the wealthy and intelligent Episcopal Church in this country had lent its vast influence in repudiating the spirit of caste by introducing colored theological students into its own excellent seminaries.

A MONTHLY CONCERT AND SUPPLEMENT.

BY REV. EDWIN N. ANDREWS.

Do they say the monthly concert is dull? If so, it is likely owing to one or two causes like the following, (1) Perhaps only two or three families take any missionary Magazine, hence but little information can be expected. People are not interested in what they know nothing of. Or, (2) there is a lack of preparation and purpose to make the meeting interesting on the part of those to whom the leader ought to look for help.

However, our last meeting took a rather interesting turn. It had been of the average sort only, when towards the close one of the ladies spoke of a call among the Freedmen for dolls and clothing, (not clothing for dolls). The pastor suggested that we gather together, from the families, various contributions, such as partly-worn garments, toys, books, religious papers, etc., and make a New Year's donation to the people to whom such things would be a god-send and good as new.

[67] The suggestion was favored, and the animated countenances and talk that followed betokened an after-meeting of unusual interest, and certainly the most practical if not the best part of our conference. Something to do, then and there, had been suggested; tongues were somehow set loose; each one seemed to have a new-born interest, each held common stock in the enterprise. Dr. Roy was consulted by the pastor as to a proper and responsible party. Meanwhile the goods began to come in, often sent by the boys or girls, who thus began to do missionary service, The pastor's wife and daughter did the packing. Picture cards were pasted in cloth folios for the little ones; old hats were trimmed; coats and vests went in, shawls, Bibles, toys, etc., till a barrel, a large sugar barrel, take notice, was crammed.

After awhile there came the address of a colored graduate of Tougaloo University, living at or near Chattanooga, whose name was marked on one end of the barrel, and the freight sent forward. After some delay, the letter of acknowledgment came, saying, "The barrel came safe. The things are just what so many of the people need, and they will go to those most in need. Accept our thanks."

This letter will be read at our next concert, which should be a thanksgiving occasion for the opportunity of doing something for the destitute, and for the discovery of a way to make a monthly concert interesting.

NOTES FROM NEW ENGLAND.

BY DISTRICT SECRETARY C.J. RYDER.

Here comes a gift of five dollars from an aged friend ninety-one years old! He has contributed to the A.M.A. every year for a generation. Who will step into the place of these grand veterans when they are called from the ranks? Such examples ought to thrill younger men and untie their purse strings.

At a recent visit to Wellesley College, the great company of students listened patiently more than an hour to the story of the "American Highlanders; where they are, who they are, and what the A.M.A. is doing for them."

This interest on their part is characteristic of the intelligent people throughout New England. The churches are asking for information concerning these most interesting mountaineers, and are prayerfully considering their duty toward them. In view of this general interest, I give in these notes this month the following review of a book which I have been requested by several New England pastors to present in THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY.

The Loyal Mountaineers of Tennessee. By Thomas William Humes, S.T.D. Ogden Brothers & Co.: Knoxville, Tenn.

Another interesting book on the Mountain people of the South. Those [68] who are familiar with the mountain missions of the A.M.A. will hail this new volume with special delight. Those who read it will understand better the magnitude and importance of this great field into which the A.M.A. has pushed out its vanguard, and the necessity of following up these advances with a solid phalanx of intelligent and enthusiastic missionaries. This historical sketch brings prominently before us the heroic manhood of these American Highlanders during the years of bitter and systematic persecution by the rebel government. There is stuff in these Highland chieftains and their clans!

Three facts that stand out from the pages of this history must intensify our interest in these American Highlanders. One, the systematic and brutal outrages inflicted upon them by the rebel authorities and their heroic endurance; second, their unimpeachable and unswerving loyalty to the country; third, the tremendous debt the loyal Christian people of the North owe them. Take the following order issued by J.P. Benjamin, Secretary of War, November 25, 1861, which appears on the 140th page of this book;

"First. All such as can be identified in having been engaged in bridge-burning are to be tried summarily by drum-head court martial, and, if found guilty, executed on the spot by hanging. It would be well to leave their bodies hanging in the vicinity of the burned bridges."

The State had voted in February, by sixty thousand majority, to remain loyal to the Union. These Highlanders had sought to save their section of the State from rebellion, and to defend their cabin homes from outrage and butchery. In doing so, they had burned bridges, and for this the government at Richmond deliberately instructs its army officers to hold a mock trial, to hang, and to brutally expose the bodies of those who had been executed, so that surviving friends would have to look upon these sickening horrors! It seems almost impossible that any man could deliberately perpetrate such monstrous cruelties. But the order was issued by the rebel government and carried into effect. Indeed, the brutalities went even farther than this. In December, 1861, two men by the name of Harmon, father and son, were hanged. Only one gallows was provided, and the authorities compelled the father to stand by and see his own son pass through the horrors of strangulation while awaiting his own execution. (Page 151).

The diary of Parson Brownlow, from which abundant quotations are given in this volume, furnishes many similar instances of cruelty perpetrated against these loyal mountaineers; but they were true to the flag from beginning to end. They left their homes, and camped in the forests and "down the coves" of their own wild mountains. Parson Brownlow encamped for days in concealment in Tuckaleeche and Wear's Coves in the great Smoky Mountains. Had fair and honorable means been used, these loyal mountaineers would have saved Tennessee from that disgraceful chapter in her history which records the dark story of her treason. This book must stir the patriotism and Christian enthusiasm of every one who reads it. It ought [69] to lead us to make genuine sacrifices to show our appreciation of their supreme devotion to the country by sending to this Mountain Work, opened by the A.M.A., generously of men and of means.

ENGLISH AS IT IS NOT TAUGHT.

He didn't crack a smile.

I feel many gratitudes to you.

His forgiven name is John.

Help us to bring forth meats for our repentance.

I won't fool with the Lord no more.

Help us to pray as the Republican did, "God be merciful to me a sinner."

At one of our schools, students had been learning the Beatitudes to recite at the table, and one Sunday they were asked to write the meaning in their own language. One wrote, "To be poor in spirit means weak but willing." Another, "Poor in spirit means that a person who has religion and don't make a great to-do over it, has as much as one who cuts up over theirs." ("Cutting up" means the noisy demonstrations in meeting).

A pupil gives us the following insight into the precise appearance of the beings of the future world. "An angel is two lines which intend to meet," in response to the question, "What is an angle?"

According to one of our growing historians here, Gen. Gage, of Revolutionary fame, didn't altogether believe in the then existing styles, for we were told the other day, that, "Gage, learning that there were millinery stores at Concord, at once sent a force to destroy them."

CLIPPINGS

FROM PAPERS EDITED BY COLORED MEN.

The only colored daily paper in America is printed at Columbus, Ga. It is a four column folio, neat in make-up and well edited.

COLORED EXHIBITIONS TO THE FRONT.—At the recent Virginia Exposition Mr. J.C. Farley, the colored photographer, was awarded the first premium for his work, for which he is to receive a diploma and medal. Our esteemed townsman has entered a new field and ascended to the topmost round of the ladder at one bound.

A COLORED PRIZE WINNER.—Give a colored man a fair show and he is certain to give a good account of himself. One of the notable college contests in Illinois is known as the Swan Oratorical Contest, and is held annually at Lombard University, at Galesburg. This contest was held Thursday night of last week. The first prize was awarded to Burt Wilson, a colored [70] student, who lives at Galesburg, and is one of the most promising scholars in the university. His oration is said to have been an unusually brilliant effort.

WHAT THE NEGRO HAS DONE.—In the South there are now 16,000 colored teachers, 1,000,000 pupils, 17,000 in the male and female high schools, and 3,000,000 worshipers in the churches. There are sixty normal schools, fifty colleges and universities, and twenty-five theological seminaries. The colored people pay taxes on nearly $200,000,000 worth of property valuation. This is a wonderful showing for a race that has two hundred years of slavery and four thousand years of barbarism back of it; it needs no silent sympathy or patient waiting, when in twenty years it makes such a showing. American generosity has done for the South in twenty years what statesmanship has failed to do in over a century; but generosity should not be depended upon, as even that can reach a limit.

SUCCESSFUL IN BUSINESS.—North Carolina has a colored man whose business success is hard to find surpassed by even the white people. The Concord Times, a white journal, gives the following interesting sketch of his career:

He was born a slave, and until he was twenty-one years of age, never had a copper of his own. Possessed of a keen and adaptable mind, he has by his energy and untiring efforts accumulated a competency, equalled by few of his race in the South.

Warren Coleman commenced business here in 1879. He has lost everything by fire three times,—one time meeting with a loss of $7,000 and no insurance. Various purses of money were made up and sent him at this time, all of which he very nobly returned. But by pluck and energy he rose again.

He owns four farms, amounting in all to some 300 acres of land, and employs on them twenty regular hands. He is the owner of ninety-eight tenement houses and is still adding to the list, having in his employ at this time twenty carpenters and eight or ten brick masons, laborers, etc.

THE SOUTH.

REVIVAL AT LE MOYNE INSTITUTE.

PROF. A.J. STEELE.

It has been my privilege and my great joy to write you often during my nearly twenty years of continuous service under the Association, of God's blessing upon our work. We are now in the midst of one of the most gracious visitations that I have ever experienced, and I recall "times of refreshing" not a few. In 1875, the first great revival in connection with this school saw over a hundred and twenty-five of our pupils hopefully converted to [71] Christ, and the young converts, by their faithfulness, overcame all the fixed notions and ways of the old churches on the subject of early conversions.

I have since that time, year by year, followed many of these young people, and know that the great majority of them have proven faithful followers of the Saviour, and many have lived lives of exceptional influence and usefulness. Since that notable year in the history of the school, but one year has passed without most evident tokens of God's gracious presence in the conversion of pupils attending the school. In some years the number has been large, and in others not so many have made open profession of faith in Christ. I think I am safe in saying that not a year, nor a month, has passed in which the school has not been markedly under the influence of the Spirit, giving guidance and instruction, and drawing, as with cords of love, many of our pupils to see in the religion of the cross a peace and joy to be found nowhere else. To this influence, the school owes all its success in every direction. For myself I can truly say that in the midst of the sorrow that has been my constant and only companion, besides my Saviour, the joy of this work and the consciousness of its acceptance with God have alone held me to the task laid upon me these years. I rejoice now, with all my fellow workers, that we are in the midst of another season of reaping, after months of sowing precious seed.

During the past week, two members of the senior class, young men, professed their faith in Christ in the quiet prayer meeting of the school, as did also a young lady of a lower class, and now, this week, Brother Wharton is with us, and to-day, at the first meeting led by him in the school, sixteen of our students, three more of the senior class, quietly but hopefully profess to become followers of the Master, with scores more earnestly seeking to enter in.

Since writing the above, two days of great but quiet interest have passed in our work. Between thirty and forty of our scholars, including five of the seniors and nearly every pupil of the other higher classes, have learned the joy of Christian experience, and there are yet others to follow.

The night meetings at the church are very interesting and in them conversions are occurring in considerable numbers. The class work of the school has not been interrupted, as half-hour meetings only have been held, morning and noon. We rejoice greatly in this work that crowns and confirms all the other work of the school.

EVERY-DAY LIFE.

MRS. A.W. CURTIS.

Put on your best glasses, dear friends, and take a peep at the regular, every-day life of some of the workers among the colored people South.

Rap, rap, rap.

"Come in!"

It is a toil-worn, sad-faced woman, with hard, bony hands, and that look [72] of patient endurance that is so pathetic. She is poorly clad, with only a thin bit of an old shawl around her shoulders, and a hat so disreputable that she instantly removes it, and drops it behind her on the floor. After a few kindly words of greeting, she tells her story. A sickly husband, deranged for the last nine years of his life, whom she had to support and care for; a daughter who married a wretch who treated her so cruelly that she, too, lost her mind, when he left her entirely, with their child. She kept the daughter confined to bed or chair, while she worked out as cook, to support them all. She had several other children. Finally the crazy daughter got away, and she does not know whether she is dead or alive.

What had she come to us for? Money, old clothes, help of some kind?

No, indeed. She came to see if we would take her grand-daughter and her own daughter, both about twelve years old, into our school. She had never been able to make them fit to go to any school, so they could not even read, but she would do her very best, if we would take them now. I wish Mr. Hand could have seen her shining face and tearful eyes, when we told her of the kind friend who had provided so grandly for just such cases as these.

A patter of small feet, a hasty rap at the door.

"Please ma'am, send little sister some medicine."

"What ails sister?"

The little fellow looked puzzled for a moment, then confidently answered, "Her stomach has settled on her bowels!"

It is a perplexing diagnosis, but a few skillful questions draw out the fact that she has a bad cold, and some chamomilla is sent at a venture. Word comes back the next day that "Sister is well: that medicine did her all the good."

Next comes, one after another, a perfect rush of small boys and big girls, with now and then a man or woman for variety, on various errands. "Please ma'am, give me a settin' of eggs. Our old hen wants to set, and we haint got no eggs." The great brown eyes grow round with astonishment when we tell them that the hens are A.M.A. hens now, and not ours, and these hungry teachers eat every egg they lay. Two or three others, who have been accustomed to rely on our good nature for their winter supply of greens and salad, receive the same reply, and it is evident that the new order of things is very unsatisfactory and perplexing to them.

"Please ma'am, give me some castor oil for the baby; she's awful sick; Doctor says it's indigestion of the lungs."

She gets the castor oil, but soon comes back to say in most cheerful tones—"Baby is dead. She died at ten o'clock, but she's better off, and please, ma'am, give mother a black basque to wear to the funeral."

Heartless? Oh no. There was great wailing and moaning at the funeral, and when the one carriage, with as many of the family as could crowd in beside the poor little coffin, started for the cemetery, this same child stood in [73] the doorway, waving her handkerchief, and shouting tragically, "Fare thee well, baby! Fare thee well!"

A half-grown girl came up the steps with two tiny chickens about as large as pigeons, their legs tied together, their voices lifted up in shrill squawks.

"Father sent you these two chickens for a Christmas present, and says please send him a coat and pair of breeches, and a vest, too, if you can. And mother sent you these eggs for a present, and please send her a warm underskirt and a pair of shoes!" A modest request, surely.

Next, a great girl, barefooted, though it was a raw, cold day that made us huddle gladly over a big fire, and with her a small boy, literally naked so far as his bony little legs were concerned. A few fluttering rags that had once been pants depended from the remnant of what had once been a calico waist. An old bag was pinned around his shoulders, which completed his entire outfit. "Please ma'am, mother says she'll send Johnny to school if you'll give him a coat and some breeches." Alas, there is neither on hand, nothing for the boy except a thin cotton shirt, and a pair of thin overalls to make over, by a mother who is more accustomed to the use of a hoe than a needle, and who has seven children as ragged and miserable as poor Johnny.

A messenger rushes in without knocking. "Come quick—Mattie's baby burnt!"

"Yes, I'll come. Wrap it in cotton and oil."

Away flies the messenger. I seize the bottle of morphine and a hat, and follow to the child's home. The floor is strewn with fragments of burnt clothing. A sickening odor of burnt flesh fills the room. The scorched high chair, in which the child was tied and put before the open fireplace, while the mother went to a neighbor's for milk, lay in a pool of water, and beside it, the burnt whisk-broom that an older baby had put in the fire, then dropped blazing under the baby's long clothes, these told the whole sad story. They were all at the grandparent's house next door—a crowd of screaming people. Upon the bed lay what was left of the poor child, moaning in conscious agony. A drop of water containing the precious anodyne which alone could ease it then, soon brought blessed unconsciousness until death kindly bore the little soul to God. But oh! the heart-rending grief of that poor mother! God grant we may never witness such suffering again. We tried to comfort her with our tearful sympathy and prayers, but God alone can ever heal her sore heart.

A sad-faced man wants to see the minister. We know his pitiful story and his errand before he speaks. A sick wife and six young children. The desperate daily fight with the hunger-wolf at the door, spite of the little lifts we try to give them. Now the wife is dead, and he comes to ask for money to buy a coffin and a place to lay her away. He has tried in vain elsewhere, so comes to us, and we cannot refuse. A few hours after, the pitiful [74] little procession passes by. The pine coffin in an old cart, the husband and children, the minister and a few friends, following on foot. Such calls are frequent. Does the money ever come back? Once it did.

So it goes on, day after day, twenty, thirty, sometimes forty calls, for all these incidents are actual facts, and fair samples of our daily experiences and only a small part of our work. There is a large household to look after, and between times there must be flying visits to the distant kitchen to see that everything is going on right there. A watchful eye must look after the details of the dining room and see to the comfort of the whole household. Supplies must be ordered; bills must be paid; there are countless letters to write; there are sorrowful hearts to be comforted; wayward church members to look after; cold, dead prayer meetings to warm up; the Sunday-school to carry along; mother's meetings and children's meetings and missionary societies. An unlimited stock of patience, tact and good nature must be constantly on hand to keep all the machinery running smoothly, while the work is exhausting, wearing out body and soul far too soon.

Does it pay? Yes! for slowly but surely this people is being lifted up to a higher life, and while we sometimes grow faint and heartsick and discouraged, still there are rifts in the clouds and bits of sunshine now and then to cheer our hearts, and someday we hope to hear the Master say, "Well done!"

CROWDED SCHOOL-ROOMS.

Perhaps some of our friends would be glad to hear a few words concerning Brewer Normal School, Greenwood, S.C. The work goes on, but we are hurried and crowded almost beyond endurance. We have only two school-rooms and one recitation room. In one school-room fitted for fifty-eight scholars, there are ninety-seven. They are obliged to sit, three in a seat made for two, on chairs, stools and even on the teacher's platform. Classes are sent from this room, and their recitation room is the teacher's kitchen and dining-room—not very pleasant for the teachers, but a necessity. The teacher of these classes is the Principal's daughter, who has been taken from her own school to aid in this emergency. In the other school-room, fitted for fifty-eight, there are eighty-six—not quite as many as in the other room, but what is wanting in numbers is made up in size. There are several men six feet tall, and one minister six and a half. In many instances, we are obliged to look up to our scholars.

Some of our classes in this room number thirty-five or forty. The smaller classes from this room recite in the recitation room. It is with difficulty that some of our men, weighing two hundred, get into the seats in the school-room, but they bear the crowding and close packing with great patience. The small boarding-houses in the yard are as badly crowded as the school-rooms. In two small rooms, having two beds each, there are twelve young men, six in each. Here they cook for themselves, sleep and study [75] out of school hours. One can hardly find standing-room among the chairs, trunks, etc. Other rooms are crowded nearly as much. And still the scholars come. What shall we do with them? Our cry is more room. O, that God would put it into the heart of some one to give the money needed for another building at Brewer!

PARAGRAPHS.

The congregation of Lincoln Memorial Church, Washington, D.C., rejoiced in a renovated and newly-furnished church edifice, Sunday, Jan. 6th. The pastor, Rev. George W. Moore, preached an interesting sermon on "The Law of Christian Growth." At the conclusion of the services a statement of the cost of the recent improvements was read. The total cost was $1,500, about $200 of which was given by contractors and workmen. Hon. A.C. Barstow, of Providence, R.I., presented the church with one of the large and beautiful stoves, and gave the other at the cost of manufacture. The present membership of the church is one hundred, ninety of whom are resident members. The people have done nobly in their gifts and self-denials, and Pastor and Mrs. Moore have in their hands a great work which promises to be greater in the future.

From a pastor in a remote part of Georgia:

"I have seen more of the condition and wants of the people than ever before, but whiskey and tobacco are the great evils of this part of the country. The colored people are not very much in advance of what they were twenty years ago, but the sad part of it is, that the leaders are no better than the people. I think almost every minister about here uses whiskey and tobacco, as far as I can learn, and of course the members of the churches can see no harm in doing what their minister does. This is a sad picture, but it only shows the need of intelligent and consecrated leaders, such as the American Missionary Association is raising up for a people who have been led by those who are neither intelligent nor consecrated."

Mrs. Hattie B. Sherman, the daughter of Rev. R.F. Markham, died January 14th at her residence in Stockton, Kansas. For two years she was a missionary of this Association at Beach Institute, Savannah, Ga., where she rendered faithful and effective service in the education of the colored people. We tender our sympathies to her father, who was for so many years a useful missionary of the Association in the South, and to her husband, in their great bereavement.

[76] THE CHINESE.

LOO QUONG'S APPEAL.

Dear friends of the American Missionary Association:

We, the Chinese, have appreciated the generous Christian acts of the members of this great Association, who not only have done good to other souls of the United States, but have saved hundreds of poor sinners of our Chinese race, in which I, myself, was one of the lost and now am found. It was through the generosity and God-loving heart of the Association that the Chinese found Jesus Christ the Saviour of the world. And it was through the hard labors and patience of our Superintendent of the California Chinese Mission that the Chinese have become partakers of the blessings of the gospel. Though it is here that the good news is told, it has echoed back far away across the Pacific, where the four hundred millions of heathen Chinese are living. Just as our Lord said to his disciples, "There is nothing covered that shall not be revealed, neither hid that shall not be known. Therefore, whatsoever ye have spoken in darkness shall be heard in the light, and that which ye have spoken in the ear in closets shall be proclaimed upon the house tops." Luke 12: 2, 3.

Those who have been converted in California and who have visited their homes in China, have seen the necessity of Christianity for their countrymen in China. Within these ten years there were hospitals established and missionary societies organized by native Christians and by those who have returned to China from California. Contribution books are often sent over to the United States to the different denominations of Christian Chinese to raise money and send back to support the hospitals and missionary societies in China. But this is not all; not long ago the Congregational Association of Christian Chinese in California organized a missionary society to Southern China, from which part nearly all the Christian Chinese that are now in the United States have come, and this is the most important part of China in which to do the missionary work. There are now many native preachers and evangelists. This society proposes to buy property in China, for a headquarters must be established in some of the middle cities in the south of China, and then to sustain some of those native preachers and evangelists.

Now I must come back to our work in California among the Christian Chinese. There are about one thousand Christian Chinese in California. You may hear in our towns and cities Chinese preachers and Chinese evangelists preaching the gospel to their countrymen. The American Missionary Association has put three more Chinese missions in Southern California during the [77] year 1888, one of them in Tuscon, one in San Buenaventura and one in Los Angeles. Each of these is doing good work. As to our mission at Los Angeles, which was only opened April 1, 1888, it has twenty-five Christian members, and it has nearly one hundred pupils who attend the evening schools and preaching service at the mission house from night to night. There are union meetings of all the denominations of Christian Chinese at Los Angeles, and at San Francisco and Santa Barbara. These meetings occur once a month; Chinese preachers and speakers are appointed to address the meetings, a week beforehand. We have found these meetings a great help to us. Street meetings were often held in the Chinese quarters in many cities and towns throughout the State. Thousands of Bibles and tracts in Chinese were given away to Chinese readers, and thousands of heathen have heard the blessed gospel of Jesus, and, perhaps, there are other thousands who may give their hearts to Christ through this operation. Surely God is hastening the time when His will will be done in all parts of the earth, since the Chinese themselves have summoned their people to Christ. And now I respectfully and earnestly request of all the friends of the A.M.A., and even people of every name, race and creed of this Christian land of the United States, to follow the example of our Master who has given himself for us all, and we do ask for your prayers both for the Chinese in your country and in China.

BUREAU OF WOMAN'S WORK

MISS D.E. EMERSON, SECRETARY.

WOMAN'S STATE ORGANIZATIONS.

CO-OPERATING WITH THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.

• ME.—Woman's Aid to A.M.A.
  • Chairman of Committee, Mrs. C.A. Woodbury, Woodfords, Me.
• VT.—Woman's Aid to A.M.A.
  • Chairman of Committee, Mrs. Henry Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury, Vt.
• VT.—Woman's Home Miss. Union
  • Secretary, Mrs. Ellen Osgood, Montpelier, Vt.
• CONN.—Woman's Home Miss. Union
  • Secretary, Mrs. S.M. Hotchkiss, 171 Capitol Ave., Hartford, Conn.
• N.Y.—Woman's Home Miss. Union
  • Secretary, Mrs. William Spalding, Salmon Block, Syracuse, N.Y.
• ALA.—Woman's Missionary Association
  • Secretary, Mrs. G.W. Andrews, Talladega, Ala.
• OHIO.—Woman's Home Miss. Union
  • Secretary, Mrs. Flora K. Regal, Oberlin, Ohio.
• IND.—Woman's Home Miss. Union
  • Secretary, Mrs. W.E. Mossman, Fort Wayne, Ind.
• ILL.—Woman's Home Miss. Union
  • Secretary, Mrs. C.H. Taintor, 151 Washington St., Chicago, Ill.
• MINN.—Woman's Home Miss. Society
  • Secretary, Miss Katharine Plant, 2651 Portland Avenue, Minneapolis, Minn.
• IOWA.—Woman's Home Miss. Union
  • Secretary, Miss Ella E. Marsh, Grinnell, Iowa.
• KANSAS.—Woman's Home Miss. Society
  • Secretary, Mrs. G.L. Epps, Topeka, Kan.
• MICH.—Woman's Home Miss. Union
  • Secretary, Mrs. Mary B. Warren, Lansing, Mich.
• WIS.—Woman's Home Miss. Union
  • Secretary, Mrs. C. Matter, Brodhead, Wis.
• NEB.—Woman's Home Miss. Union
  • Secretary, Mrs. L.F. Berry, 724 N. Broad St., Fremont, Neb.
• COLORADO.—Woman's Home Miss. Union
  • Secretary, Mrs. S.M. Packard, Pueblo, Colo.
• DAKOTA.—Woman's Home Miss. Union
  • President, Mrs. T.M. Hills, Sioux Falls;
  • Secretary, Mrs. W.R. Dawes, Redfield;
  • Treasurer, Mrs. S.E. Fifield, Lake Preston.

We would suggest to all ladies connected with the auxiliaries of State Missionary Unions, that funds for the American Missionary Association be sent to us through the treasurers of the Union. Care, however, should be taken to designate the money as for the American Missionary Association, since undesignated funds will not reach us.

[78] One of the most encouraging signs of the times is found in the numerous letters that are now received at the Woman's Bureau of the following import:

"We have started a 'Young Ladies' Missionary Society,' and are anxious to inform ourselves in regard to the different Indian Missions. Please forward whatever you have that relates to the past and present work."

"We have received the missionary letters you sent and are very anxious to learn more about the colored people of the South, and also the Mountain Whites, of whom we have very little knowledge."

"Kindly send us all information at your command regarding the Chinese and Mountain Whites and the work of the Association among them. The ladies of our Missionary Society are taking up these subjects as studies for their meetings."

"The missionary letters are full of interest, and the ladies are always attentive listeners."

"We take pleasure in enclosing check for forty dollars toward the salary of Miss ——. The ladies of our society are much interested in her work and have also been sewing for the boarding hall."

In response to inquiry from many who wish to sew, while also studying the missions and contributing to the support of teachers, we give below a list of standard needs in all our mission homes and boarding halls.

Furnishing.—Sheets and bed-ticks for double beds; pillow cases for pillows twenty to twenty-two inches wide; bed spreads, large size; quilts of medium weight; tablecloths from three to five yards long; napkins, kitchen towels; rugs or mats for the floor.

Garments.—Underwear for boys and girls of ages from twelve to twenty, especially night wear, of strong, unbleached muslin; work aprons for students in industrial schools; dresses of all sizes, of print, gingham or wool; long-sleeved aprons for children.

Sundries.—Shoe bags, soiled-clothes bags, spool and thimble bags, whisk broom cases, comb and brush cases, hairpin holders, pin cushions, paper and letter racks, bureau covers, stand covers, lamp mats, etc.

Whatever a girl or boy may need away from home to maintain habits of neatness and order, and for refining influences, these students need in our boarding-schools. We can always assign special schools to those who will render this form of help.

[79] CHRISTMAS AT FORT YATES, DAKOTA.

My Dear Friends:

We have been so busy getting ready for Christmas that we have had no time to write to our friends. Miss Collins told the Indians on Sunday last that we were going to have a tree and wanted all the Indians to come, the real old ones as well as the young men and women. She told them of how our Saviour was born on Christmas day, how the people came and gave him gifts, and we, in remembering his birthday, would give them little gifts. The next day, a very old woman came to the school-house and told Mary (that is the native teacher's wife) that she heard we were going to have a "Ghost feast" and give away everything we had, so she thought she would come and ask for one of the school-room lamps for fear she might not get it if she waited, as there would be so many people to get the things, and she needed a lamp very much.

Doesn't that sound like an Indian? I was very sorry the poor woman did not get the lamp.

Yesterday morning, while Miss Collins pinned the names on to the presents, I went up to the school-house, and by the help of two native teachers planted the tree in a cracker-box and put the little colored candles on. In the afternoon, we took the presents up and hung them on the tree; we put up a curtain to hide the tree, and then in the evening put out several Japanese lanterns on the corners of the house and over the door, and rang the bell; while the bell was ringing, you could see the Indians coming from all parts of the village. It was a pretty sight. The ground was covered with snow, it was just between the light and dark, and a few bright stars were shining through the clouds.

The room is not very large, so Miss Collins proposed that they should stand. It was well they did, for they were packed tightly together, the men and boys on one side, the women and girls on the other.

After all came, we sang "Joy to the World," in Dakota, with several other hymns; they all sang very loud. Then Wakanna told them about Christ's birthday, then we lighted the little candles and took the curtain away, and you can imagine there were some wide-open eyes and big, smiling faces. [80] There were over two hundred, and each one received something; as one man came to day and said to Miss Collins, "Why, Winona, you did not forget the little babies; their names were read out the same as the old men." The tree was very pretty, and it would be useless for me to tell what each one received, but the boys were delighted with their tops as much as the girls were with their pretty dolls; the old men received feather fans and were delighted. After they had their gifts, we passed refreshments; we then had the fireworks; the red light was wonderful to them—the first they had ever seen. They went home seeming very happy.

We want to thank our friends who were so kind as to send us those pretty things for the Christmas tree.

I myself have never before spent such a happy Christmas, because previously all my kind friends have always tried to make me happy, and this time I worked hard to make some one else happy, and I find that is the best kind of happiness.

My benches were almost crowded to-day in school, as I had so many children; married women come with the children; they are all very anxious and earnest to learn to read and write. I ask you to pray, my dear friends, that there may be some good seed sown each day, that may spring up and bring forth fruit for His service.

Truly your Indian Friend,

MISS COLLINS.

I was so late in returning from the meetings at Oahe, though I hurried as fast as possible, that the river was frozen, detaining us nearly three weeks. The ice broke, letting the wagon with all my winter supplies go down. My trunks with all my clothing also went down. It wholly ruined all the clothing which could not be washed. My best dress was a frozen block of ice when I took it out—can never be worn again, and, in fact, all my clothes were ice. I was so thankful that no lives were lost that it hardly seems worth speaking of. I find myself poorer, if not wiser. I am worked down at present. Have kept "open house" now for two weeks, and my head refuses to be worked any further. Miss Emerson must wait for my letter. After Christmas I can write. I have so many patients, and so much work to take care of spoiled clothes and provisions, and to look out for winter supplies again, that I am not in a condition to write.

[81] FOR THE CHILDREN.

A few weeks ago, I stood by my window watching the children gathering for school. My attention was attracted to three girls coming up the street, one carrying a bundle done up in a handkerchief in one hand and books in the other, while the other two carried a trunk between them. As they turned toward the house, I ran down to meet them; they came with smiles, saying they had come to school. As I bade them welcome, my eyes filled with tears, and a prayer went up to God that he would bless those girls and make them a blessing. Susan, Angeline and Emma have proved to be intelligent, pleasant girls and very appreciative.

I have had one hundred and seven girls in sewing, this quarter; they seem as interested in their work as ever. Some of the older girls are doing well in cutting and basting. We hope to have a class in dressmaking soon. The little ones are very happy to have sewing days come. I am often met with the question, "Is us going to sew to-day?" I meet these forty little ones in a large sunny room, (that is to be our parlor some day, I hope) for an hour and a half each week. Their eyes brighten at the sight of the basins of water and the work basket. They apply themselves as demurely as their elder sisters; they love to sing little sewing songs and hear stories while they ply the needle.

From a teacher in Beach Institute, Savannah:

One of my new pupils has a name much longer than himself. It is Ulysses Virginia Lee, and in addition, the surname Smith. Another new boy is Josie Mike, and I think it might well be changed to "Mite," because he is such a small specimen. He could not tell his age, and we thought him too much of a baby to come, but took him for a week on trial, and as he is rapidly learning the ways of the school, we shall let him stay. Last Friday, while trying to impress upon him that only good behavior would insure him a desk in my room, I wrote some of his sayings. "Why do you want to come here to school?" "To larn something." "What if you are naughty and we send you away?" "Go to other school." "Why did you leave that other school?" "They won't teach me nothin." In answer to the question what kind of a boy he intended to be, instead of saying "good" as I expected, he replied, "I'll be a Beach boy." So he was ready with an answer to every question, and I am only sorry that I cannot reproduce for you his little face and the funny inflections of his voice, as he looked me right in the eye, his own little eyes just dancing with fun.

One of the little Indian girls whose name is Polly has just come in to ask, "Miss D., what is a wog? One white boy called me a polliwog, and I thought a wog must be something bad."

[82] RECEIPTS FOR JANUARY, 1889.

[90]

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