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Title: 星槎勝覽 Author: Xin Fei Release date: January 3, 2008 [eBook #24143] Language: Chinese Credits: Produced by Jun-Bi Lai *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 星槎勝覽 *** Produced by Jun-Bi Lai 星槎勝覽 ○目錄 　　自永樂七年己丑，至宣德八年癸丑止，累從欽差正使太監鄭和等往西洋各 國開讀賞賜。凡在公餘之暇，採輯諸番風俗、人物、土產之異，集成事序，詠 其詩篇。 　　真臘國 東西竺 淡洋 龍牙門 　　龍牙善提 吉里地悶 彭坑 琉球國 　　三島國 麻逸國 假里馬丁國 重迦邏 　　淳泥國 蘇祿國 大㖵喃國 阿丹國 　　佐法兒國 竹步國 木骨都束國 溜洋國 　　卜剌哇國 天方國 　　 ○真臘國 　　其國州南之門，為都會之所，有城周圍七十餘里，石河廣二十餘丈，殿宇 三十餘所。凡歲時一會，則列玉猿、孔雀、白象、犀牛於前，名曰百塔洲。次 桑香佛舍，飲饌必以金盤金碗盛食之。諺云：「富貴真臘也。」氣候常熱，田 禾豐足。煮海為鹽，風俗富饒。男女椎髻，穿短衫而圍稍布。法有劓、刺、配 ，犯盜則斷手足，番人殺唐人則償其命，唐人殺番人則罰其金，無金賣身贖罪 。地產黃臘、犀、象、孔雀、沉香、蘇木、大風子油、翠毛。貨用金銀、燒珠 、錦段、絲布之屬。　　詩曰：真臘山岡遠，荒城傍海涯。獸禽多彩麗，人物 好奢華。列塔為奇異，羅盤逞禮儀。夷風聊可採，吟詠感明時。 　　 ○東西竺（其山與龍牙門相望） 　　山形分對崖峨，若蓬萊方丈之幽。田瘠不宜稼穡，歲藉鄰邦淡洋米穀以為 食。氣候不齊，煮海為鹽，釀椰子為酒。男女斷髮，繫稍布。地產檳榔、木綿 、椰心簟。貨用花錫、胡椒、鐵器也。　　詩曰：東西分海境，民物異於常。 果啖檳榔實，酒傾椰子漿。貿椒知價值，織簟貨經商。動我遐觀意，吟哦記短 章。　　淡洋（其處與阿魯山相連，去滿剌迦三日之程）　　山繞周圍，有港 通內大溪，深汪洋二千餘里，奔流出海之中。一流清淡，味甘，舟人過往汲水 日用，名曰淡洋。田肥禾盛，米粒小，然炊飯甚香。地產降香。民俗淳厚，氣 候常熱。男女椎髻，腰圍稍布。貨用金銀、鐵器、磁碗之屬。　　詩曰：清流 甘且淡，奔出海中央。畎畝饒滋味，舟人過汲漿。貿交金辟赤，米小飯炊香。 民俗風淳厚，那知在異方。 　　 ○龍牙門（在三佛齊之西北也） 　　山門相對，若龍牙狀，中通過船。山涂田瘠，米穀甚厚。氣候常熱，四五 月間淫雨。男女椎髻，穿短衫，圍稍布。擄掠為豪，遇有番船，則駕小船百隻 ，迎敵數日。若得順風，僥倖而脫，否則被其截，財被所劫。泛海之客，宜當 謹防。　　詩曰：山峻龍牙狀，中通水激湍。居人為擄易，番舶往來難。人夏 常多雨，經秋且不寒。從容陪使節，到此得游觀。 　　 ○龍牙善提 　　周還皆山石排壘門，無田耕種，但栽薯蕷代糧，常熟，收堆以供歲月。氣 候多熱少寒，俗樸而淳。男女椎髻，披木綿布。煮海為鹽，浸苧麻根以釀酒。 地產速香、檳榔、椰子。貨用燒珠、鐵鼎、色布之屬。　　詩曰：壘石為門限 ，天生在海洋。稻粱全不種，薯蕷亦多藏。海水煎鹽白，麻根釀酒香。雖云風 俗樸，氣候有炎涼。 　　 ○吉里地悶 　　居重迦邏之東。滿山茂林，皆檀香樹，無別產。馬頭商聚十二所。有酋長 ，田肥穀盛。氣候朝熱暮寒。凡其商船染病，十死八九，蓋其地甚瘴氣。男女 斷髮，穿短衫。貨用金錢、鐵器、磁碗之屬。　　詩曰：吉里東南海，居人臥 飽餐。田肥時有穀，朝熱暮生寒。涉險商求利，聞香木種檀。短衫常覆體，形 醜不堪觀。 　　 ○彭坑國（在暹邏之西） 　　石崖周匝崎嶇，遠如平寨。田沃，米穀盛。氣候常溫。風俗尚怪，刻香木 為神，殺人血祭禱，求福禳災。男女椎髻，穿長衫，繫單布，富家女子金圈四 五飾於頂髮，常人五色珠圈。煮海為鹽，釀椰漿為酒。地產黃熟香、沉香、片 腦、花錫、降香。貨用金銀、色絹、爪哇布、銅鐵器、鼓板之屬。　　詩曰： 嗟彼彭坑國，溫和總是春。傷生在求福，刻木慣為神。尊敬惟從長，差科不到 民。焉知施禮樂，立教序彝倫。 　　 ○琉球國 　　其處山形抱合而生，一山曰翠麓，一山曰大崎，一山曰斧頭，一山曰重曼 ，高聳叢林。田沃穀盛，氣候常熱，男女以花印布大袖衫連褲穿之。其酋長尊 禮，不科民下，人皆效法。釀甘蔗為酒，煮海為鹽。能習讀中國書，好古畫、 銅器，作詩效唐體。地產沙金、硫黃、黃臘。貨用珍珠、瑪瑙、磁碗之屬。　 　詩曰：翠靄是琉球，遐觀碧海浮。四山高對聳，一水遠長流。袖大復連▉， 髮鬆撮滿頭。土民崇詩禮，他處若能儔。 　　 ○三島國 　　其處與琉球大崎山之東鼎峙，有壘石層巒，民倚邊而居。田瘠少收，以網 魚於海，織布為業。俗尚樸質。男生拳髮，婦女椎髻，單布披之為衣，不解裁 縫。凡男子得附舶至中國，然罄其資，身歸本處，鄉人稱為能事，尊之有德， 父兄皆贊焉。煮海為鹽，釀蔗漿為酒。地產黃臘、木綿布。貨用金銀、磁器、 鐵塊之屬。　　詩曰：幽然三島國，花木茂常春。氣質尤宜樸，裳衣不解紉。 游歸名贊德，賀禮酒頻傾。採吟荒嶠外，得句自逡巡。 　　 ○麻逸國（在交欄山之西） 　　山勢峻，地平寬，夾溪聚居。氣候稍熱。男女椎髻，穿長衫，圍色布手巾 。田多膏腴，倍收他國。俗尚節義，婦喪其夫，則削髮碎面，絕食七日，與夫 屍同寢，多與並逝矣。七日之外不死，則親戚勸以飲食，或得蘇命，乃終身不 再嫁矣。或至焚夫屍日，則赴火而死，蓋其節義之不改也。煮海為鹽，釀蔗為 酒。地產木綿、黃臘、玳瑁、檳榔、花布。貨用銅鼎、鐵塊、五色布絹之屬。 　　詩曰：美哉麻逸國，山峻地寬平。尚節心無異，耕田穀倍登。檳榔資咀嚼 ，玳瑁照晶熒。布染花生彩，糖香酒自清。溪濤含蕩漾，海日上高明。蠻土知 仁化，夷民禮義行。 　　 ○假里馬丁國（其地與交欄山相望海洋中） 　　其地山列翠屏，溪田雖有，米穀少收。氣候常熱。俗甚囂薄。男女髡髮， 竹布為衣。種芭蕉，採其實以代粱。煮海為鹽，釀蔗為酒。地產玳瑁、羖羊。 貨用爪哇布、燒珠、印花布之屬。　　詩曰：假里山環翠，民風醜不知。羖羊 行作隊，玳瑁最為奇。答應呢喃語，生成囂薄姿。田收佳穀少，熱候不相宜。 　　 ○重迦邏 　　其地與爪哇界相接。高山奇秀，滿山皆鹽敷樹及楠樹。內有一石洞，前後 三門，可容一二萬人。田穀亞於爪哇，氣候常暑。俗淳，男女撮髻，穿長衫， 圍摺布手巾。無酋長，以尊年高有德者主之。煮海為鹽，釀秫為酒。地產羖羊 、鸚鵡、木綿、椰子、綿紗。貨用花銀、花絹。其處山約去數日水程，曰孫陀 羅、曰琵琶拖、曰丹重、曰圓嶠、曰彭里，不事耕種，專尚寇掠，與吉陀、亞 崎諸國相通，商舶少能至也。　　詩曰：迦邏山奇秀，修程接爪哇。洞深通窈 窕，髻撮甚欹斜。齒長惟尊德，綿多吐細花。如何不耕種，寇掠作生涯。 　　 ○渤泥國 　　龍山磅礴，地宇橫廣，源田種植，豐登甚利。氣候及夏稍寒，冬月極熱。 俗好奢侈，男女一般椎髻，五綵帛繫腰，花布為衫。其國之民崇佛像，好齋沐 。凡見唐人至其國，甚有愛敬，路有醉者，則扶歸家寢宿，以禮待之若故舊。 煮海為鹽，釀秫為酒。酋長之用，不斂民物，生理自如。地產降香、黃臘、玳 瑁、片腦。貨用白銀、赤金、色段、牙箱、鐵器之屬。　　詩曰：渤泥滄海外 ，立國自何年。夏冷冬生熱，山盤地自偏。積修崇佛教，扶醉待賓賢。取信通 商舶，遺風事可傳。 　　 ○蘇祿國 　　居東海之洋，石奇堡障，山涂田瘠，種植稀簿。民下捕魚蝦生啖，螺蛤煮 食。男女斷髮，頭纏皂縵，腰圍水印花布。俗尚鄙陋。煮海為鹽，釀蔗為酒。 織竹布，採珍珠，色白絕品，珠有徑寸者，已值七八百錠，中者二三百錠。永 樂十六年，其酋長感慕聖恩，乃挈妻攜子涉海來朝，進獻巨珠一顆，重七兩伍 錢，罕古莫能有也。皇上大悅，加勞厚賜金印冠帶歸國。地產珍珠、降香、黃 臘、玳瑁、竹布。貨用金銀、八都剌布、青珠、磁器、鐵銚之屬。 　　詩曰：蘇祿分東海，居民幾萬家。丸烹圍水布，生啖愛魚蝦。徑寸珠圓潔 ，行舟路去賒。獻珍朝玉闕，厚賜被光華。 　　 ○大㖵喃國 　　地與都攔礁相近，厥土黑壤，亦宜穀麥。居民懶事耕作，歲藉烏爹之米供 食。商舶風信到遲，則波濤激灘，乃載貨不滿，蓋以不敢停泊也。若風逆，則 遇巫里洋險阻之難矣，及防高郎阜沉水石之危。風俗頗淳。男女纏頭，穿長衫 。地產胡椒、椰子、海魚、檳榔。貨用金錢、青白花磁器、布段之屬。　　詩 曰：大㖵喃方險，都欄與結盟。土肥宜稻麥，民懶不耘耕。但有烏爹濟，須防 羅股驚。此邦風俗異，舟舶恣吟行。 　　 ○阿丹國　 倚海而居，壘石為城，砌羅股石為屋，三四層高，廚房臥屋皆在其上。用粟麥 。風俗頗淳，民下富饒。男女拳髮，穿長衫。女若出，則用青紗蔽面，布縵兜 頭，不露形貌，兩耳垂金錢數枚，項掛瓔珞。地產九尾羖羊、千里駱駝、黑白 花驢、駝蹄雞、金錢豹。貨用金銀、色段、青白花磁、檀香、胡椒之屬。 　　詩曰：阿丹城廟石盤羅，黑色滋肥粟麥多。風俗頗淳民富貴，歲華常見日 融和。境無寸草千山接，羊有垂胸九尾拖。縱目採吟人物異，還歸稽首獻鑾坡 。 　　 ○佐法兒國 　　臨海聚居，石城石屋，壘起高層三五者，若塔其上。田廣而少耕，山地皆 黃赤，不生草木，牛、羊、駝、馬惟食魚乾。男女拳髮，穿長衫。女人則以布 兜頭面，出見人也不露面貌。風俗頗淳。地產祖剌法、金錢豹、駝雞、乳香、 龍涎香。貨用金錢、檀香、米穀、胡椒、色段、絹、磁器之屬。　　詩曰：佐 法兒名國，周圍石累城。乳香多土產，穀米少收成。大海魚無限，荒郊草絕生 。採風吟異境，民物互經營。 　　 ○竹步國 　　村居寥落，地僻西方，城垣石壘，屋砌高堆。風俗頗有淳。草木不生。男 女拳髮，出以布兜。山荒地廣，而多無霖，絞車深井，捕網海魚。地產獅子、 金錢豹、駝雞有六七尺高者、龍涎香、乳香、金箔。貨用土珠、色段、色絹、 金銀、磁器、胡椒、米穀之屬。　　詩曰：島夷名竹步，山赤見應愁。地旱無 花草，郊荒有馬牛。短稍男掩膝，單布女兜頭。縱目逢吟眺，蕭然一土丘。 　　 ○木骨都束國 　　瀕海之居，堆石為城，操兵習射，俗尚囂強。壘石為屋，四五層高，房屋 廚廁待客俱於上也。男女拳髮四垂，腰圍稍布。女髮盤，黃漆光頭，兩耳掛珞 ▉索數枚。項帶銀圈，瓔珞垂胸。出則單布兜遮，青紗蔽面，足履皮鞋。山連 地廣，黃赤土石，不生草木，田瘠少收。數年無雨，穿井絞車，羊皮袋水。駝 、馬、牛、羊，皆食海魚之乾。地產乳香、金錢豹，海內採龍涎香。貨用金銀 、色段、檀香、米穀、磁器、色絹之屬。　　詩曰：木骨名題異，山紅土色黃 。久晴天不雨，歷歲地無糧。寶石連珠索，龍涎及乳香。遙看風物異，得句喜 成章。 　　 ○溜洋國 　　其中有溜山，有錫蘭山，別羅里起程南去，海中天巧，石門有三，遠遠如 城門，中過舶。溜山有八，曰沙溜、官嶼溜、壬不知溜、起來溜、麻里溪溜、 加平年溜、加加溜、安都里溜，皆人聚居，亦有主焉，而通商舶。其八處地產 龍涎香、乳香。貨用金銀、色段、色絹、磁器、米穀之屬。傳聞有三萬八千餘 溜山，即弱水三千之言也。亦有人聚，巢樹穴居。不識米穀，但捕海中魚蝦而 食。裸形無衣，惟結樹葉遮前後也。若商船因風落溜，人船不得復矣。　　詩 曰：溜山分且眾，弱水即相通。米穀何曾種，巢居亦自同。盤針能指侶，商船 慮狂風。結葉遮前後，裸形為始終。雖云瀛海外，難過石門中。歷覽吟成句， 慇懃獻九重。 　　 ○卜剌哇國 　　傍海為國，居民聚落。地廣斥鹵，有鹽池，但投樹枝於池，良久撈起，結 成白鹽食用。無耕種之田，捕魚為業。男女拳髮，穿短衫，圍稍布。婦女兩耳 帶金錢，頂帶瓔珞。惟有蔥蒜，無瓜茄。風俗頗浮。居屋壘石，高起三五層者 。地產馬哈獸、花福祿、豹、麂、犀牛、沒藥、乳香、龍涎香、象牙、駱駝。 貨用金銀、段絹、米豆、磁器之屬。　　詩曰：卜剌邦瀕海，無田種稻禾。樹 枝投入沼，碱水結為▉差。自古瓜茄乏，從來蔥蒜多。異香兼異獸，感與一吟 哦。 　　 ○天方國 　　地多曠漠，即古筠衝之地，名為西域。風景融和，四時之春也。田沃稻饒 ，居民安業，風俗好善。有酋長，無事科擾於民，刑法之治，自然淳化。不生 盜賊，上下和美。古置禮拜寺，見月初生，其酋長及民下悉皆拜天，以為一國 之化，餘無所施。其寺分為四方，每方九十間，共三百六十間。皆白玉為柱， 黃甘玉為地，中有黑石一片，方丈餘，曰漢初天降也。其寺層次高上，如塔之 狀。男子穿白長衫。地產金箔、寶石、珍珠、獅子、駱駝、祖剌法、豹、麂。 馬八尺之高也，即為天馬也。貨用金銀、段疋、色絹、青白花器、鐵鼎、鐵銚 之屬。乃日中不市，至日落之後以為夜市，蓋其日色熱之故也。　　詩曰：罕 見天方國，遺風禮義長。存心恭后土，加額感穹蒼。玉殿臨西域，山城接大荒 。珍珠光彩潔，異獸貴馴良。日以安民業，晚來聚市商。景融禾稼盛，物阜草 木香。尤念蒼生志，承恩覽遠邦。採詩雖句俗，誠意獻君王。 　　 ○占城國 　　永樂七年己丑，上命正使太監鄭和等統領官兵，駕使海船四十八號，往諸 番國開讀賞賜。是歲秋九月，自太倉劉家港開船，十月到福建長樂太平港泊。 十二月，福建五虎門開洋，張十二帆，順風十晝夜，至占城國。臨海有港曰新 洲，西抵交趾，北連中國。他番寶船到彼，其酋長頭戴三山金花冠，身披錦花 手巾，臂腿四腕，俱以金鐲，足穿玳瑁履，腰束八寶方帶，如妝塑金剛狀。乘 象，前後擁隨番兵五百餘，或執鋒刃短槍，或舞皮牌，捶善鼓，吹椰笛殼筒。 其部領乘馬出郊迎接詔賞，下象膝行，匍匐感沐天恩，奉貢方物。　　其國所 產巨象、犀牛甚多，所以象牙、犀角廣貿別國。棋楠香一山所產，酋長差人看 守採取，民下不可得，如有私偷賣者，露犯則斷其手。烏木、降香，民下樵而 為薪。氣候常熱如夏，不見霜雪，草木長春，隨開隨謝。供民以煮海為鹽，田 禾甚薄。其國之人，惟食檳榔裹荖葉包蠣殼灰，行住坐臥不絕其口。月日之定 ，但看月生為初，月晦為滿，如此十次盈虧為一歲，晝夜以善鼓十更為法。酋 長及民下非至午不起，非至子不睡。見月則飲酒歌舞為美。酋長所居高廣，屋 宇門牆以磚灰▉砌，及堅硬之木雕琢獸畜之形為華飾，外周磚垣。亦有城郭之 備，練兵之具，藥鏃刀標之屬。其部領所居，亦分等第，門高有限。民下編茅 覆屋，門不過三尺，過者即罪之。一國之食，魚不腐爛不食，釀不生蛆不為美 。造酒以米和藥丸乾持入甕中，封固如法收藏，日久其糟生蛆為佳醞。他日開 封，用長節竹竿三四尺者，插入糟甕中，或圍坐五人十人，量人入水多寡，輪 次吸竹引酒入口，吸盡再入水，若無味則止，有味封留再用。　　歲時縱人採 生人膽鬻官，其酋長或部領得膽入酒中，與家人同飲，謂之曰通身是膽。相傳 屍頭蠻者，本是婦人也，但無瞳人為異。其婦與家人同寢，夜深飛頭而去，食 人糞尖，飛回複合其體，仍活如舊。若知而封固其項，或移體別處，則死矣。 如有病者遇食其糞，妖氣入腹，病者必死。此婦人亦罕有者，民家有而不報官 者，罪及一家。番人愛其頭，或有觸弄其頭者，必有生死之恨。　　男女椎髻 腦後，花布纏頭，上穿短衫，腰圍色布手巾。其國無紙筆之具，但將羊皮槌薄 薰黑，削細竹為筆，蘸白灰為字，若蚯蚓委曲之狀。語言燕鴻，全憑通事傳譯 。　　詩曰：聖運承天統，雍熙億萬春。元戎持使節，頒詔撫夷民。莫謂江山 異，同沾雨露新。西連交趾塞，北接廣南津。酋長尤崇禮，聞風感聖人。棋楠 宜進貢，烏木伐為薪。筆寫羊皮紙，言談能舌人。角犀應自縱，牙象尚能馴。 蛆酒奇堪酌，屍蠻怪莫陳。遙觀光嶠外，頓覺壯懷伸。採摭裁詩句，摅誠獻紫 宸。 　　 ○賓童龍國 　　其國隸與占城，山地接連。有雙谿澗，水澄清，佛書所云舍衛乞食，即其 地也。目連所居遺址尚存。人物、風土、草木、氣候，與占城大同小異。惟喪 禮之事，能持孝服，設佛事而度死者，擇僻地而葬之。婚姻遇合，情義不忘， 終乖人倫理。屍頭蠻者，比占城害之尤甚，民多置廟，牲血祭之求禳。酋長出 入，或象或馬，一如占城。王扮略同，從者前後有百餘人，執盾贊唱，曰亞曰 僕。地產棋楠香、象牙，貨用金銀、花布之屬。民下編茅覆屋而居，亦如占城 。異其食啖行止狀貌，可笑可嗟矣！　　詩曰：海嶠賓童國，雙溪水色清。目 連生育處，佛氏乞游城。地窄居民少，山多野獸鳴。氣融冰不識，日暖草叢生 。喪禮微知孝，婚姻略備情。屍蠻嚐糞穢，妖廟祭犧牲。部領鳴鴉導，蠻酋坐 象行。棋楠從土產，花布恁商營。搜緝遺風俗，公餘仔細評。 　　 ○靈山 　　其處峻嶺而方，石泉下帶。民居星散，結網為業。田土肥，耕種一年二收 。氣候之節，男女之規，與占城大同小異。　　地產黑紋相對藤杖，每條易斗 錫一塊，若粗大而紋疏者，一錦易杖三條。次得檳榔、荖葉，餘無異物所產。 其往來販舶，必於此汲水採薪，以濟日用。舶人齋沐三日，崇佛諷經，燃放水 燈彩船，以禳人船之災。　　詩曰：靈山方石嶺，其下有泉流。寥落民居少， 豐登穀米稠。放燈祈佛福，賽願便商舟。藤杖山中出，魚蝦海內求。梵經曾睹 此，今日一遨遊。 　　 ○崑崙山 　　其山節然瀛海之中，與占城及東、西竺鼎峙相望。山高而方，根盤曠遠， 海之名曰崑崙洋。凡往西洋商販，必待順風，七晝夜可過。俗云：「上怕七洲 ，下怕崑崙，針迷舵夫，人船莫存。」此山產無異物，人無居室，而食山果魚 蝦，穴居樹巢矣。　　詩曰：鼎峙東西竺，節然瀛海區。惟愁針舵失，但念穴 巢居。四季樹生果，三餐蝦與魚。遐陬無別產，吟詠亦堪書。 　　 ○交欄山（自占城、靈山起程，順風十晝夜可到） 　　其山高而叢林藤竹，舵桿桅檣篷箬，無所不備。胡元之時，命將高興、史 弼領兵萬眾，駕巨舶往闍婆國，遭風至於交欄山下，其船多損。隨登此山，造 船百號，復征闍婆得勝，擒其酋長，四國是此知之。至今民居有中國人雜處， 蓋此時有病卒百餘留養不歸，而傳生育也。氣候常暑，米穀稀少，民好射獵為 業。男女椎髻，穿短衫，繫巫侖布。地產豹、熊、鹿皮、玳瑁。貿易之貨用米 穀、五色絹、青布、銅器、青碗之屬。　　詩曰：岌業交欄島，叢林擁翠圍。 三春稀黍稷，四景有災威。當腦盤髽髻，披肩掛短衣。熊皮多美麗，玳瑁甚希 奇。使節仍臨蒞，遺氓亦願歸。遙觀瞻山海，得句樂心機。 　　 ○暹羅國（自占城起程，順風十晝夜可至） 　　其國山形如城，白石峭峻厲。地周千里，外山崎嶇，內嶺深邃。田平而沃 ，稼多豐熟，氣候常熱。風俗勁悍，專尚豪強，侵掠鄰境，削檳榔木為標，水 牛皮為牌，藥鍦等器，慣習水戰。男女椎髻，白布纏頭。穿長衫，腰束青花色 布手巾。其酋長及民下謀議，百物出入錢穀，煮海為鹽產。大小之事，悉決於 婦，其男一聽，可與牝雞之鳴。苟合無序，遇我中國男子愛之，必置酒致待而 敬之，歡歌留宿。婦人多為尼姑，道士皆能誦經持齋，服色略似中國之制，亦 造庵觀之所。已重喪禮之事，人死之時，必用水銀灌養其屍，而後擇高阜地， 設佛事，即葬之。釀蔗為酒，俗以海貝代錢，通行於市，每一萬個准中統鈔二 十四貫。地產羅斛香，焚極清遠，亞於沉香。次有蘇木、犀角、象牙、翠毛、 黃臘、大風子油。貨用青白磁器、花布、色絹、段匹、金銀、銅錢、燒珠、水 銀、雨傘之屬。　　詩曰：海外暹羅國，山形似壘城。三春花草盛，九夏稻禾 榮。竟日男安坐，移時婦決行。髻端羅布白，腰下束花青。失序人倫亂，無條 禮法輕。富尊酋長貴，豪俠庶民橫。香翠通商販，海貝如鈔行。蠻戎欽帝德， 金錶貢神京。 　　 ○爪哇國（自占城起程，順風二十晝夜可至其國） 　　古名闍婆，地廣人稠，實甲兵器械，乃為東洋諸番之衝要。舊傳鬼子魔天 ，正於此地，與一罔象青面紅身赤髮相合。凡生子百餘，常食啖人血肉。佛書 所云鬼國，其中只此地也。人被啖幾盡，忽一日雷震石裂，中坐一人，眾稱異 之，遂為國主，即領兵驅逐罔象，而不為害。後復生齒而安業，乃至今國之移 文，後書一千三百七十六年。考之肇啟漢初，傳至我宣德七年。　　港口以入 去馬頭曰新村。居民環接，編茭樟葉覆屋，鋪店連行為市，買賣聚集。其國富 饒，珍珠、金銀、鴉鶻、貓睛、青紅等石、車渠、瑪瑙、荳蔻、蓽茇、梔子花 、木香、青鹽，無所不有，蓋在通商之處也。其鸚鵡、鸚鷊、孔雀，能馴言語 歌曲。其倒掛鳥，身如雀大，披五色羽，日間焚香於其傍，夜則張羽翼而倒掛 ，張尾翅而放香。　　民俗好兇強，但生子一歲，則置刀於背，名曰不剌頭， 以金銀象牙雕刻為靶。凡男子自幼至老，貧富皆有，插於腰間。若有爭論，不 通罵詈，即拔刀刺之，強者為勝。設被殺之，藏躲三日而出去，即無事也。男 子猱頭裸身，惟腰圍單帶手巾。能飲酗酒，重財輕命。婦人亦然，惟項上金珠 聯紉帶之，兩耳塞茭樟葉圈於竅中。其喪事，凡其主翁之死，婢妾之眾而對誓 曰：「死則同往。」臨殯之日，妻妾奴婢皆滿頭帶草花，披五色手巾，隨屍至 海邊或野地，將屍於沙地，得眾犬食盡為好。如食不盡，則悲泣號歌。柴堆於 傍，眾婦坐其上，良久之際，縱火燒柴而死，則殉葬之禮也。　　蘇魯馬益， 亦一村地名也，為市聚貨商舶米糧港口。有洲聚猢猻數百，傳聞於唐時，其家 五百餘口，男婦兇惡，忽一日有僧至其家，乃言吉凶之事，其僧取水噀之，俱 化為獼猴，止留其老嫗不化。今存舊宅，本處及商者常設飲食、檳榔、花果、 肉類而祭之，不然，則禍福甚有驗也。此怪誕之事，本不可記，尤可為之戒矣 。　　杜板一村，亦地名也。海灘有水一泓，甘淡可飲，稱曰聖水。元時使將 史弼、高興因征其國，經月不下雨，舟中乏糧，軍士失措。史、高二將拜天祝 曰：「奉命伐蠻，如天與水即生，不與之則死。」祝之，插槍碱苦海灘，其泉 水隨槍湧出，水味甘甜，眾軍汲而飲之。乃令曰：「天賜助爾。」兵威大振， 喊聲奮殺，番兵百萬餘眾悉皆敗走。遂已登岸，隨殺隨入，生擒番人煮而食之 ，至今稱為中國能食人也。獲囚酋長歸國，服罪放歸，改封為爪哇國王也。欽 遵我朝皇上，遣正使太監鄭和等，節該齎捧詔敕賞賜國王、王妃，及其部領村 主民下，草木咸受天福。其國王臣既沐天恩，遣使絡繹不停，擎捧金筒金葉表 文，貢獻方物。　　詩曰：古是闍婆國，曾遭鬼母殃。震雷驚石裂，深穴見人 藏。歡忭皆知異，扶持眾立王。人民從教化，罔象被驅亡。婦女誇家富，男兒 縱酒強。鸚歌時刷翠，倒掛夜分香。婚娶吹椰殼，人隨御竹槍。田疇禾稼盛， 商賈貨財昌。洲上獼猴聚，溪邊祭祀忙。蠻夷遵聖詔，永世沐恩光。 　　 ○舊港（自爪哇國起程，順風八晝夜至）　 古名三佛齊國。自港入去，田土甚肥，倍於他壤。古云：「一季種穀，三季生 金。」言其米穀盛而為金也，民故富饒。俗囂好淫。有操略，水戰甚慣。其處 水多地少，部領者皆在岸邊，居屋之用，匝民僕而宿，其餘民庶皆置木筏上， 蓋屋而居。若近溪船，以木樁拴閘，設其水漲，則筏浮起，不能湮沒也。或欲 別居，起樁去之，連屋移拔，不勞其力。此處之民，爪哇所轄，風俗與爪哇大 同小異。地產黃熟香、速香、沉香、黃蠟並鶴頂之類。貨用燒煉五色珠、青白 磁器、銅鼎、五色布絹、色段、大小磁器、銅錢之屬。永樂三年，我朝太宗文 皇帝命正使太監鄭和等，統領舟師往諸番國。海寇陳祖義等聚三佛齊國，抄掠 番商，亦來犯我舟師，被我正使深機密策，若張網獲獸而殄滅之，生擒厥魁， 獻俘闕下，由此海內振肅。　　詩曰：瀕海沙泥地，田禾熟倍金。男兒多狠暴 ，女子甚哇淫。地僻蠻夷逆，天差正使擒。俘囚獻闕下，四海悉欽遵。 　　 ○滿剌加國（自舊港起程，順風八晝夜至此） 　　其處舊不稱國，傍海居之，山孤人少。受降於暹羅，每歲輸金四十兩，以 為納稅。田瘠少收。內一山泉流溪下，民以溪中淘沙取錫，煎銷成塊，曰斗塊 ，每塊重官秤一斤四兩。及織蕉心簟。惟以斗錫通市，餘無產物。氣候朝熱暮 寒。男女椎髻，身膚黑漆，間有白者，唐人種也。俗尚淳厚，以淘釣於溪，網 漁於海。房屋如樓閣，即不鋪設，但有不條稀布，高低層次，連牀就榻，箕居 而坐，飲食廚廁俱在其上也。貨用清白磁器、五色燒珠、色絹、金銀之屬。永 樂七年，皇上命正使太監鄭和等齎捧詔敕，賜以雙台銀印，冠帶袍服，建碑封 域，為滿剌加國，其暹羅始不敢擾。永樂十三年，酋長感慕聖，挈妻攜子貢獻 方物，涉海朝謝，聖上賞勞歸國。　　詩曰：滿剌村寥落，山孤草木幽。青禾 田少種，白錫地多收。朝至熱如暑，暮來涼似秋。羸形漆膚體，椎髻布纏頭。 鹽煮海中水，身居柵上樓。夷區風景別，賦詠採其由。 　　 ○九洲山 　　其山與滿剌加國接境。產沉香、黃熟香，水木叢生，枝葉茂翠。永樂七年 ，正使太監鄭和等，差官兵入山採香，得莖有八九尺長者、八九尺大者六株， 香清味遠，黑花細紋，其實罕哉！番人張目吐舌，悉皆稱贊天兵之神，蛟龍走 ，兔虎奔也。　　詩曰：九洲山色秀，遠見鬱蒼蒼。四面皆環海，滿枝都是香 。樹高承雨露，歲久表禎祥。採伐勞天使，回朝獻帝王。 　　 ○蘇門答剌國 　　古名須文達那，與花面國相接。村落傍海，田瘠少收。胡椒廣產，椒藤延 附樹木而生，其葉如匾豆，其花開黃白，結椒乃累垂如棕櫚子而粒少也。只番 秤一播苛，抵我官秤三百二十斤，價銀錢二十個，重銀陸兩。金抵納即金錢也 ，每四十八個，重金一兩四分。　　風俗頗淳。民下網魚為生，朝駕獨木刳舟 張帆而出海，暮則回舟。男子頭纏白布，腰圍摺布，婦女椎髻裸體，腰圍色布 手巾。產鶴頂。其瓜、茄、橘、柚酸甜之果，一種五年常花常結。有一等果皮 若荔枝，如瓜大，未剖之時，甚如爛蒜之臭，剖開取囊，如酥油美香。煮海為 鹽。貨用青白磁器、銅錢、金銀、爪哇布、色絹之屬。　　永樂十一年，偽王 蘇乾剌寇竊其國，王遣使赴闕陳訴請救，上命正使太監鄭和等統率官兵剿捕， 生擒偽王。至永樂十三年歸獻闕下，諸番振服。　　詩曰：一覽蘇門境，山泉 劃界流。胡椒林抄結，民屋海邊幽。地瘠收禾薄，山高產木稠。三春沾雨浩， 四季瘴煙浮。男子頭纏布，嬰孩體木猴。瓜茄常歲有，桔柚不時收。朝熱渾如 暑，暮寒還似秋。精鹽色霜雪，臭果味酥油。若個夷風俗，中華解此否。 　　 ○花面國 　　其處與蘇門答剌國接境。遠迤山地，田足稻禾。氣候不常，風俗尚厚。男 女大小皆以黑汁刺面，為花獸之狀。猱頭裸體，單布圍腰。孳生牛羊，雞鴨羅 市。不奪其弱，上下自耕自食，富不驕奢，貧不生盜，可為一區之宜也。　　 詩曰：蠻域觀風異，融和草木深。山高分地界，物阜慰民心。腰布羞還掩，顏 花墨牛侵。牛羊迷綠野，雞鴨賣黃金。頗富知仁義，雖貧肯濫淫？那堪採夷俗 ，援筆寫新吟。 　　 ○龍牙犀角 　　其地內平而外尖，下民蟻附而居之。氣候常熱，田禾時熟。俗尚淳厚。男 女椎髻，圍麻逸布，穿短衫。以親戚尊長為重，一日不見，則攜酒持肴而問安 。煮海為鹽，釀秫為酒。地產沉、速、降真、黃熟香、鶴頂、蜂蜜、砂糖。貨 用土印布、八都剌布、青白磁器之屬。　　詩曰：遙望茲山勢，龍牙犀角峰。 居民如蟻附，椎髻似猴容。汲海鹽煎雪，懸崖蜜掇蜂。布稍圍體厚，秫米造漿 濃。氣候常同夏，林花不較冬。問安行禮節，千載見遺風。 　　 ○龍涎嶼 　　此嶼南立海中，浮豔海面，波擊雲騰。每至春間，群龍所集於上，交戲而 遺涎沫，番人乃架獨木舟登此嶼，採取而歸。設遇風波，則人俱下海，一手附 舟傍，一手揖水而至岸也。其龍涎初若脂膠，黑黃色，頗有魚腥之氣，久則成 就大泥。或大魚腹中剖出，若斗大圓珠，亦覺魚腥，間焚之，其發清香可愛。 貨於蘇門之市，價亦非輕，官秤一兩，用彼國金錢十二個，一斤該金錢一百九 十二個，准中國銅錢四萬九十文，尤其貴也。　　詩曰：一片平方石，群龍任 往還。身騰霄漢上，交戲海波間。吐沫人爭取，拿舟路險難。邊夷曾見貢，歡 笑動天顏。 　　 ○翠藍嶼 　　其山大小有七門，中可過船。傳聞釋迦佛經此山，浴於水，被竊其袈裟， 佛誓云：「後有穿衣者，必爛皮肉。」由此男女削髮無衣，僅有樹葉紉結而遮 前後。米穀亦無，惟在海網捕魚蝦，及蕉、椰子之為食啖也。然聞此語，未可 深信。然其往來，未得泊其山下。宣德七年壬子十月二十三日，風雨水不順， 偶至此山，泊繫三日夜，山中之人駕獨木舟來貨椰實，舟中男婦果如前言，始 知不謬矣。　　詩曰：浩蕩翠藍嶼，叢林茂不疏。人形其獸類，椰實以瓜粗。 腰掩草微有，頭髡髮竟無。幾番揮筆寫，堪記不堪圖。 　　 ○錫蘭山國 　　其國地廣人稠，貨物各聚，亞於爪哇。國有高山，參天之聳，山頂產有青 美盤石、黃鴉鶻石、青紅寶石，每遇大雨，衝流山下，沙中尋拾得者。其海傍 有珠簾沙，常以網取螺蚌，傾入珠池內，作爛淘珠為用而貨也。海邊有一磐石 ，上印足跡，長三尺許，常有水不乾，稱為先世釋迦佛從翠藍嶼來登此岸，足 躡其跡，至今為聖跡也。山下有寺，稱為釋迦佛涅▉真身，在寺側臥尚存，亦 有舍利子在其寢處。氣候常熱。俗樸富饒，米穀足收。地產寶石、珍珠、龍涎 、乳香，貨用金、銀、銅錢、青花白磁、色段、色絹之屬。男女纏頭，穿長衫 ，圍單布。　　永樂七年，皇上命正使太監鄭和等齎捧詔敕、金銀供器、彩妝 、織金寶幡，佈施於寺，及建石碑以崇皇圖之治，賞賜國王頭目。其王亞烈苦 奈兒負固不恭，謀害舟師。我正使太監鄭和等深機密策，暗設兵器，三令五申 ，使眾銜枚疾走，夜半之際，信炮一聲，奮勇殺入，生擒其王。永樂九年，歸 獻闕下。尋蒙恩宥，俾復歸國，四夷悉欽。　　詩曰：地廣錫蘭國，營商亞爪 哇。高峰生寶石，大雨雜泥沙。淨水宜眸子，神光臥釋迦。池深珠燦爛，枝茂 樹交加。出物奇偏貴，遺風富且奢。立碑當聖代，傳誦樂無涯。 　　 ○小㖵喃國 　　山連赤土，地接下里，日中為市，西洋諸國之馬頭也。本國流通使用金錢 名倘伽，每個重八分。小金錢名吧喃，四十個准大金錢一個，以便民也。田瘠 而穀少，歲藉榜葛剌米足食。氣候常熱，風淳俗美，男少女多，有南毗人。地 產胡椒，亞於下里。乾檳榔，波羅蜜、色布，其木香、乳香、珍珠、珊瑚、酥 油、孩兒茶、梔子花，皆自他國也。貨用丁香、豆寇、蘇木、色段、麝香、金 銀銅器、鐵線、黑鉛之屬。　　詩曰：西海㖵喃國，諸番貨殖通。民情應各別， 花木總相同。珠子光涵白，珊瑚色潤紅。何由男與女，混雜自遺風。 　　 ○柯枝國 　　其處與錫蘭山國對峙。氣候常熱，田瘠少收，村落傍海。風俗頗淳。男女 椎髻，穿短衫，圍單布。其有一種曰木瓜，無屋居之，惟穴居樹巢，臨海捕魚 為業。男女裸體，紉結樹葉或草數莖，遮其前後之羞。行路遇人，則蹲縮於道 傍，伺過方行也。地產胡椒甚廣，富家俱置板倉貯之，以售商販。行使小金錢 ，名吧喃。貨用色段、白絲、青白花磁器、金銀之屬。　　詩曰：嗟彼柯枝國 ，山連赤鹵場。穴居相類獸，市集更通商。米穀少收實，胡椒積滿倉。恩宣中 使至，隨處識蠻鄉。 　　 ○古里國 　　當巨海之要，與僧伽密邇，亦西濰諸番之馬頭也。山廣田瘠，麥穀頗足。 風俗甚厚，行者讓路，道不拾遺。法無刑杖，惟以石灰划地，乃為禁令。其酋 長富居深山﹔傍海為市，聚貨通商。男子穿長衫，頭纏白布。其婦女穿短衫， 圍色布，兩耳懸帶金牌落索數枚，其頂上珍珠、寶石、珊瑚連瓔珞，臂腕足脛 皆金銀鐲，手足指皆金廂寶石戒指，髻椎腦後，容白髮黑，嬌美可觀。其有一 種裸身之人曰木瓜，與柯枝同。地產胡椒，亞於下里，俱有倉廩貯之，待商之 販。有薔薇露、波羅蜜、孩兒茶、印花被面、手巾，其有珊瑚、珍珠、乳香、 木香、金箔之類，皆由別國之來。其能蓄好馬，自西番而來，動經金錢千百為 疋。其國若西番馬來，本國馬來不買，則議為國空之言也。貨用金銀、色段、 青花白磁器、珍珠、麝香、水銀、樟腦之屬。　　詩曰：古里通西域，山青景 色奇。路遺人不拾，家富自無欺。酋長施仁恕，人民重禮儀。將書夷俗事，風 化得相宜。 　　 ○忽魯謨斯國 　　其國傍海而居，聚民為市。地無草木，牛、羊、馬、駝皆食海魚之乾。風 俗頗淳。壘石為城，酋長深居，練兵畜馬。田瘠麥廣，穀米少收，民下富饒。 山連五色，皆是鹽也。鑿之鏇為器皿盤碟之類，食物就而不加鹽也。壘堆石而 為屋，有三四層者，其廚廁臥室待客之所，俱在上也。男子拳髮，穿長衫，善 弓矢騎射。女子編髮四垂，黃繚其項，穿長衫。出則布幔兜頭，面用紅青紗一 方蔽之，兩耳輪用掛珞索金錢數枚，以青石磨水，妝點眼眶唇臉花紋為美。項 掛寶石、珍珠、珊瑚，紉為瓔珞。臂腕腿足俱金銀鐲，此富家之規也。行使金 銀錢，產有珍珠、金箔、寶石、龍涎香、撒哈剌、梭眼、絨毯。貨用金銀、青 白花磁器、五色段絹、木香、金銀香、檀香、胡椒之屬。　　詩曰：忽魯謨斯 國，邊城傍海居。鹽山高壘嵂，酋長富盈餘。原隰唯收麥，牛羊總食魚。女纏 珠珞索，男坐翠氍毹。瑪瑙珊瑚廣，龍涎寶石珠。蠻邦成絕域，歷覽壯懷舒。 　　 ○剌撒國 　　倚海而居，土石為城。連山廣地，草木不生，牛、羊、駝、馬皆食魚乾。 民俗頗淳。氣候常熱，田瘠少收，唯麥略有。數年無雨，鑿井絞車，羊皮袋水 。男女拳髮，穿長衫、婦人妝點兜頭，與忽魯謨斯國同。壘石築土，為屋三四 層者，其上廚爨東廁臥室待客，其下奴僕居之。地產龍涎香、乳香、千里駱駝 ，餘無物也。貨用金銀、色段、色絹、磁器、米穀、胡椒之屬。　　詩曰：海 丘名剌撒，絕雨亦無寒。層石壘高屋，狂濤激遠灘。金銀營土產，駝馬食魚乾 。雖有龍涎貨，蠻鄉不可看。 　　 ○榜葛剌國 　　其處曰西印度之地。西通金剛寶座，曰紹納福兒，乃釋迦佛得道之所。永 樂十年並永樂十三年二次，上命太監侯顯等統領舟師，齎捧詔敕，賞賜國王、 王妃、頭目，至其國海口，有港曰察地港，立抽分之所。其王知我中國寶船到 彼，遣部領齎衣服等物，人馬千數迎接。港口起程十六站，至鎖納兒江，有城 池街市，聚貨通商。又差齎禮象馬迎接，再行二十站，至板獨哇，是酋長之居 處。城郭甚嚴，街道鋪店，連楹接棟，聚貨甚有。其王之居，皆磚石▉砌高廣 ，殿宇平頂，白灰為之。入去內門三重，九間長殿，其柱皆黃銅包飾，雕琢花 獸。左右長廊，內設明甲馬隊千餘，外列巨漢，明盔明甲，執鋒劍弓矢，威儀 之甚。丹墀左右，設孔雀翎傘蓋百數，又置象隊百數於殿前。其於正殿設高座 ，嵌八寶，箕踞坐其上，劍橫於膝。乃令銀柱杖二人，皆穿白纏頭，來引導前 ，五步一呼，至中則止。又金柱杖二人，接引如前禮。其王恭禮拜迎詔敕，初 叩謝加額。開讀賞賜，受畢，鋪絨毯於殿地，待我天使，宴我官兵，禮之甚厚 。燔炙牛羊，禁不飲酒，恐亂其性，抑不遵禮，惟以薔薇露和香蜜水飲之也。 宴畢，復以金盔、金繫腰、金盆、金瓶奉贈天使，其副使皆以銀盔、銀繫腰、 銀盆、銀瓶之類，其下之官，亦以金鈴紉苧絲長衣贈之，兵士俱有銀盞錢，蓋 此國有禮富足者矣。其後恭置金筒銀葉表文，差使臣齎捧，貢獻方物於廷。　 　其國風俗甚淳，男子白布纏頭，穿白布長衫，足穿金線羊皮靴，濟濟然亦其 文字者。眾凡交易，雖有萬金，但價定打手，永無悔改。婦女穿短衫，圍色布 線錦，然不施脂粉，其色自然嬌白，兩耳垂寶鈿，項掛瓔珞，髻椎腦後，四腕 金鐲，手足戒指，可為一觀。其有一種人曰印度，不食牛肉。凡飲食，男女不 同處，夫死妻不再嫁，妻喪夫不再娶。若孤寡無倚，一村之家輪養之，不容別 村求食，足見義氣所尚也。田沃豐足，一歲二收，不用耘耔，隨時自宜，男女 勤於耕織。果有波羅蜜，大如斗，甘甜香美。奄摩勒，香酸甚佳。其餘瓜果、 蔬菜、牛、馬、雞、羊、鳧、鴨、海魚之類甚廣。通使海貝，准錢市用。地產 細布、撒哈剌、絨毯兜羅錦、水晶、瑪瑙、珊瑚、珍珠、寶石、糖蜜、酥油、 翠毛、各色手巾、被面。貨用金銀、布段、色絹、青白花磁器、銅錢、麝香、 銀朱、水銀、草蓆、胡椒之屬。 　　詩曰：葛剌宗西域，留傳教不衰。兵戎皆有法，文字悉週知。貨市排珍寶 ，轅門簇羽旗。柱樑雕飾彩，階級引行儀。不飲羞燔炙，平鋪毯陸離。分邊盤 坐處，異廣在餐時。言誓冰霜操，嬌顏玉雪姿。波羅大如斗，摩勒壓連枝。耘 耔何曾用，豐穰只自宜。照臨天廣遠，採拾句搜奇。恩照欽華夏，流風實外夷 。小臣存悃幅，隨表進丹墀。 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 星槎勝覽 *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. 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