FRANCIS J. QUINLAN. M. D., LL. D.,

President-General of the American Irish Historical Society. 1908–1909.

With the hope that we have succeeded in some measure in living up to the high standard set by our honored predecessor, Thomas Hamilton Murray, in the compiling of the Journal of the American Irish Historical Society, we beg to offer Volume VIII.

It is greatly to be regretted that the illness and death of Mr. Murray made it impossible to issue a Journal for 1908, and that a break was necessitated in the series of interesting and ably-edited publications for which he was responsible. It is hoped, therefore, that there will be found enough of interest in the records here submitted to compensate in some small degree for the lapse of a year in the spreading of the Society’s records before its members. The last Volume by Mr. Murray was issued on December 31, 1907. Volume VIII contains nothing of the records of the subsequent year except the account of the annual meeting and dinner held at the Manhattan Hotel, New York, January 29, 1908. This account was compiled through correspondence with various members who were present at that time.

The present incumbent was appointed Acting Secretary-General of the Society on November 18, 1908, by the President-General to serve until the next annual meeting, January 16, 1909. At that time he was formally elected to the office for the ensuing year. There being no data previous to this election from which to compile a chronological index for this Volume, its omission has been necessary. Full accounts of all proceedings will be found, however, and every address delivered at any event under the auspices of the Society is given in full, everything of the sort having been reported stenographically by the Society’s stenographer. Many events of direct or indirect interest to our members have also been touched upon.

The Society is at the present time in a most prosperous condition. Its financial status is satisfactory, and its membership is steadily increasing, already numbering men of national and international prominence. Its influence is rapidly becoming national, and the accomplishment of its great primary object, “To Make Better Known the Irish Chapter in American History,” seems assured.

Providence, R. I., April 1, 1909.

Preamble.

Believing that the part taken in the settlement, foundation and upbuilding of these United States by the Irish race has never received proper recognition from historians, and inspired by love for the republic, a pride in our blood and forefathers and a desire for historic truth, this Society has met and organized.

Its mission is to give a plain recital of facts, to correct errors, to supply omissions, to allay passion, to shame prejudice and to labor for right and truth.

While we as loyal citizens of this republic are earnestly interested in all the various phases of its history, we feel that we should be false to its honor and greatness and recreant to our own blood if we did not make a serious effort to leave to those generations which will follow us a clearer and better knowledge of the important work done by men and women of the Irish race on this continent.

People of this race—men and women born on Irish soil—have been here from the first, prompted in their flight by the motives common to all immigration, dissatisfaction with the old order of things and the resolve to obtain a freer and better life in the new land under new conditions.

And so we have come together—natives of Ireland, American sons of Irish immigrants, and descendants of immigrants even unto the seventh, eighth and ninth American generations—to duly set forth and perpetuate a knowledge of these things.

In the days to come that lie in the womb of the future, when all the various elements that have gone and are going to make the republic great are united in the American—the man who in his person will represent the bravest elements of all the old races of the earth—we desire that the deeds and accomplishment of our element shall 6be written in the book of the new race, telling what we did and no more, giving us our rightful place by the side of the others.

To accomplish this is the purpose of this organization. It is a work worthy of the sympathy and aid of every American who can rise above the environment of today and look into the broad future. Fidelity, truth, honor are the watchwords of such a purpose, and under their noble influences should our work be done.

ARTICLE II.
Objects and Purposes.

The objects and purposes of this Society are:

(1) The study of American history generally.

(2) To investigate, especially, the immigration of the people of Ireland to this country, determine its numbers, examine the sources, learn the places of its settlement, and estimate its influence on contemporary events in war, legislation, religion, education and other departments of human activity.

(3) To examine records of every character, wherever found, calculated to throw light on the work of the Irish element in this broad land.

(4) To endeavor to correct erroneous, distorted and false views of history, where they are known, and to substitute therefor the truth of history, based on documentary evidence and the best and most reasonable tradition, in relation to the Irish race in America.

(5) To encourage and assist the formation of local societies in American cities and towns for the work of the parent society.

(6) To promote and foster an honorable and national spirit of patriotism, which will know no lines of division, which will be based upon loyalty to the laws, institutions and spirit of the republic to whose upbuilding the Irish element has unselfishly contributed in blood and treasure, a patriotism whose simple watchwords will be true Americanism and human freedom and which has no concern for any man’s race, color or creed, measuring him only by his conduct, effort and achievement.

(7) To promote by union in a common high purpose a sincere fraternity, a greater emulation in well doing, a closer confidence and mutual respect among the various elements of the Irish race in America, that by putting behind them the asperities of the past they 7may unite in a common brotherhood with their fellow citizens for the honor of the race and the glory of the republic.

(8) To place the result of its historical investigations and researches in acceptable literary form; to print, publish and distribute its documents to libraries, institutions of learning, and among its members, in order that the widest dissemination of historical truth may be obtained and placed within the reach of historians and other writers and readers.

(9) To sift and discriminate every paper, sketch, document bearing on the Society’s line of work before the same is accepted and given official sanction in order that its publication may be a guarantee of historical accuracy; to do its work without passion or prejudice, to view accomplished facts in the true scientific historical spirit and having reached the truth to give it to the world.

ARTICLE III.
Membership.

Any person of good moral character who is interested in the special work of this Society shall be deemed eligible for membership in the same. No tests other than that of character and devotion to the Society’s objects shall be applied to membership.

Every applicant for membership shall be recommended by two members of the Society before his application shall be considered by the Secretary-General, and the application shall be accompanied by the dues in the amounts laid down in the by-laws.

Members will be elected as follows: Candidates may send their applications—for which blanks will be furnished—to the Secretary-General, accompanied by the fee as provided in the by-laws, and each application must be endorsed by two members of the Society. The Secretary-General shall submit the application to the executive council, and a three fourths vote of that body by ballot or otherwise will be necessary to elect the candidate.

ARTICLE IV.
Classes of Members.

The Society shall comprise life members and annual members, who shall pay dues as provided in the by-laws. The Society may also choose honorary and corresponding members, who shall be exempt from dues but shall not have the right to vote.

The officers of the Society shall consist of:

1.

A President-General.

2.

A Vice-President for each state and territory and for the District of Columbia.

3.

A Secretary-General.

4.

A Treasurer-General.

5.

A Librarian and Archivist.

6.

An Historiographer.

7.

An Executive Council.

(The word “General” herein to be considered equivalent to National.)

The officers of the Society shall be elected annually.

ARTICLE VI.
The President-General.

The duties of the President-General shall be to open and preside over the Society during its deliberations, to see that the Constitution is observed and the by-laws enforced, to appoint committees, and to exercise a watchful care over the interests of the Society, that its work may be properly done and its purposes adhered to. In the absence of the President-General a presiding officer pro tem may be chosen.

ARTICLE VII.
The Vice-Presidents.

It shall be the duty of the Vice-President of each state to represent the President-General at all meetings of state chapters of the Society and for the Vice-President of the state to which the President-General belongs, or in which the meeting is held, to represent him at all meetings of the parent Society when he cannot be present and in his absence to act as chairman pro tempore. In the absence of both the President-General and state Vice-President, a presiding officer pro tem may be chosen from the assembled members of the Society.

The Secretary-General shall keep a record of all the proceedings of the Society and the executive council. He shall have charge of the seal and records. He shall issue and sign in conjunction with the President-General all charters granted to the subsidiary chapters, and shall with him certify to all acts of the Society. He shall, upon orders from the President-General, give due notice of time and place of all meetings of the body; give notice to the several officers of all votes, resolutions, orders and proceedings of the body affecting them or appertaining to their respective offices and perform such other duties as may be assigned him.

ARTICLE IX.
The Treasurer-General.

The Treasurer-General shall collect and receive all dues, funds and securities and deposit the same to the credit of the American Irish Historical Society, in such banking institution as may be approved by the Executive Council. This money shall be drawn to the check of the Treasurer-General for the purposes of the Society and to pay such sums as may be ordered by the Executive Council of the Society in meeting, said orders to be countersigned by the President-General and Secretary-General. He must keep a full and accurate account of all receipts and disbursements and at each annual meeting shall render the same to the Society, when a committee shall be appointed by the President-General to audit his accounts. He shall present at annual or special meetings a list of members in arrears.

ARTICLE X.
The Librarian and Archivist.

The Librarian and Archivist shall be the custodian of all published books, pamphlets, files of newspapers and similar property of the Society. He shall have charge of all documents, manuscripts and other productions not assigned by this Constitution to other officers of the Society, and shall keep the same in a place or places easy of access and safe from loss by fire or other causes.

The Historiographer or official historian of the Society shall perform the duties usually pertaining to that office.

ARTICLE XII.
The Executive Council.

The Executive Council shall consist of the President-General, Secretary-General, Treasurer-General, Librarian and Archivist, Historiographer and ten members, all to be elected by the Society. The Executive Council shall be the judge of the qualifications of applicants for admission and if satisfactory shall elect the same. The Council shall recommend plans for promoting the objects of the Society, digest and prepare business, authorize the disbursement and expenditure of unappropriated money in the treasury for the current expenses of the Society; shall prepare and edit—or cause to be prepared and edited—contributions of an historical or literary character bearing on the special work of the Society for publication and distribution; may appropriate funds for the expenses of special branches of research for historical data and for the purchase of works to form a library for the Society whenever it shall have a permanent home or headquarters. The Council shall have power to fill vacancies in office until the annual meeting, exercise a supervisory care over the affairs of the Society and perform such other duties as may be intrusted to them. At a meeting of the Executive Council five members shall constitute a quorum.

ARTICLE XIII.
Meetings.

The annual meeting of this Society shall be held on the third Wednesday in January. A field day of the body shall be held during the summer of each year at such time and place as the Executive Council shall select, due regard being given to the convenience of the greatest number, and, as far as possible, the meeting place selected shall be one whose historical associations are of interest to American citizens.

11The annual meeting shall be for the purpose of electing officers, hearing reports and transacting such other business as may come properly before it. Until otherwise ordered such meeting shall be held in the city of Boston, Mass. There shall be four stated meetings each year.

Special meetings may be called at any time by the Executive Council.

ARTICLE XIV.
Subsidiary Societies.

Chapters of the parent Society may be established in any city or town in the United States upon the petition of ten persons for a charter, and such charter shall be issued upon payment of the sum designated for such in the by-laws.

The President, Secretary, Treasurer, Librarian and Historiographer of all subsidiary societies shall be admitted to all meetings of the parent Society as members during their term of office, with all the privileges of membership except that of voting.

ARTICLE XV.
Amendments.

Amendments to the Constitution shall be submitted to the Executive Council through the Secretary-General at least thirty days before the meeting of the Society. A vote of two thirds of the members present at the meeting shall be necessary for the adoption of such amendments.

BY-LAWS.

(1) The initiation fee shall be three dollars. The annual membership fee shall be three dollars, payable not later than the first day of February in each year.^[1]

(2) Payment of fifty dollars in advance at one time shall constitute a life membership. Life members shall be exempt from further dues.

(3) The Executive Council shall provide for each regular meeting of the Society an address, essay or paper dealing with some topic in the Society’s line of work.

12(4) A copy of all original productions read before the Society shall be requested for deposit in the Society’s archives.

(5) The annual field-day program shall include an oration, poem and dinner. Other features of an appropriate nature may be added.

(6) A fraternal spirit shall be cultivated with other American historical bodies. The Society shall also keep in touch with historical organizations in Ireland, France and other countries.

(7) Any person elected to membership in this Society who fails to pay his initiation fee within one year from the date of his election shall, having been duly notified by the Secretary-General, be considered as having forfeited his right to membership and his election shall be cancelled.

(8) A member neglecting for two years to pay his annual fee shall be notified of such omission by the Secretary-General. Still neglecting for three months to pay the dues such delinquent member shall be dropped as no longer belonging to the Society.

(9) The stated meetings of the Society shall be held in January, April, July and October. The President-General, upon receiving a request in writing, signed by ten members, asking for a special meeting, shall cause the said meeting to be convened forthwith.

(10) Ten members shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of the Society, except stated meetings, when fifteen members shall be necessary.

(11) The general order of business at meetings of the Society shall be as follows:

(a)

Minutes of previous meeting.

(b)

Report of Executive Council on candidates for membership.

(c)

Balloting on candidates for membership.

(d)

Reports of officers and committees.

(e)

Unfinished business.

(f)

New business.

(g)

Adjournment.

(12) When not otherwise provided, Cushing’s Manual shall be the authority on points of procedure at meetings of the Society.

(13) No part of these by-laws shall be amended, altered or repealed unless proposition is submitted in writing covering the proposed amendment at least thirty days before the meeting when it is to be acted upon, when, if two thirds of the members present and voting express themselves in favor of the change, the same shall be made.

MR. THOMAS HAMILTON MURRAY.

One of the Founders of the Society, and its First Secretary-General, serving from 1897 until his decease June 5th, 1908.

13It has been deemed necessary that a revision of the above be made in order to make them conform to the present needs of the Society, and a committee consisting of Michael J. Jordan, Esq., Hon. Patrick J. McCarthy, Joseph T. Ryan, Esq., John E. O’Brien, Esq., and the Secretary-General, appointed by the President-General at Washington, D. C., January 17, 1909, has the revision in charge.

GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

The Society was organized on January 20, 1897, in Boston, Mass., and now has members in nearly all the states, the District of Columbia, one territory and four foreign countries.

The object of the organization is to make better known the Irish chapter in American history.

There are two classes of members—Life and Annual. The life membership fee is $50 (paid once). The fee for annual members is $5, paid yearly. In the case of new annual members, the initiation fee, $5, also pays the membership dues for the first year.

The government comprises a President-General, a Vice-President-General, a Secretary-General, a Treasurer-General, a Librarian and Archivist, a Historiographer and an Executive Council. There are also State Vice-Presidents.

The Society has already issued several bound volumes and a number of other publications. These have been distributed to members, public libraries, historical organizations and universities. Each member of the Society is entitled, free of charge, to a copy of every publication issued from the time of his admittance. These publications are of great interest and value, and are more than an equivalent for the membership fee.

The Society draws no lines of creed or politics. Being an American organization in spirit and principle, it welcomes to its ranks Americans of whatever race or descent, and of whatever creed, 14who take an interest in the objects for which the Society is organized. Membership application blanks will be furnished on request to the Secretary-General at his office, 49 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I., or to John J. Lenehan, Chairman of the Committee on Membership, 71 Nassau Street, New York City. Blank applications found at the end of this volume.

The membership includes many people of prominence and occupies a position in the front rank of American historical organizations.

The Society is a corporation duly organized under the laws of the State of Rhode Island and is authorized to take, hold and convey real and personal estate to the amount of $100,000.

Gifts or bequests of money for the uses of the Society are solicited. We depend entirely on our membership fees and dues, and if we had a suitable fund on hand its income would be most advantageously used for historical research, printing and issuing historical works and papers and adding to our library. The following is a form of bequest good in any state or territory:

“I give and bequeath to the American Irish Historical Society —— dollars.”

If desired, a donor or testator may direct the application of principal or interest of his gift or bequest.

A FEW OF THE INTERESTING PAPERS READ BEFORE OR REPRINTED BY THE SOCIETY.

“Irish Settlers in Pennsylvania.”

“Early Irish in St. Louis, Missouri.”

“Patriots Bearing Irish Names Who Were Confined Aboard the Jersey Prison Ship.”

“Commerce Between Ireland and Rhode Island.”

“Some Irish-French Officers in the American Revolution.”

“The Voyage of the Seaflower.”

“The Defense of Fort Stephenson on the Sandusky.”

“Irish Settlers on the Opequan.”

“Irish Pioneers in Boston and Vicinity.”

“The Irish in America.”

15“Goody Glover, an Irish Victim of the Witch Craze, Boston, Mass., 1688.”

“Capt. Daniel Neill, an Artillery Officer of the Revolution.”

“Richard Dexter, One of Boston’s Irish Pioneers.”

“The New Hampshire Kellys.”

“Some Early Celebrations of St. Patrick’s Day in New York City, 1762–1788.”

“Master John Sullivan of Somersworth and Berwick and His Family.”

“Martin Murphy, Sr., an Irish Pioneer of California.”

“Historical Notes of Interest.”

“Irish Ability in United States.”

“The Affair at Fort William and Mary.”

“Incident of an Expedition under Gen. John Sullivan.”

“Irish Builders of White House.”

“Col. Francis Barber, a Soldier of the Revolution.”

“A Glance at Some Pioneer Irish in the South.”

“Walsh’s Irish Regiment of Marine Artillery, French Army.”

“Irish Influence in the Life of Baltimore.”

“A Bit of New York History.”

“The Kelts of Colonial Boston.”

“The Battle of New Orleans.”

“Battles of Lexington, Concord and Cambridge.”

“Matthew Watson, an Irish Settler of Barrington, R. I., 1722.”

“Irish Emigration During the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries.”

“Some Pre-Revolutionary Irishmen.”

“Some Irish Settlers in Virginia.”

“The ‘Scotch-Irish’ and ‘Anglo-Saxon’ Fallacies.”

“Early Irish Settlers in Kentucky.”

“The Irish in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana and Tennessee.”

“Hugh Cargill, a Friend of Liberty.”

“The Irish Settlers of Pelham, Mass.”

“Thomas Fawcett, Irish Quaker, American Pioneer.”

“Early New Hampshire Irish; Some Pre-Revolutionary Dennises, Corneliuses, Patricks and Michaels.”

“The United States Torpedo Boat O’Brien.”

“Daniel Morgan and the Battle of Cowpens.”

16“Irish Schoolmasters in the American Colonies, 1640–1775.”

“The Irish at Bunker Hill.”

“David Hamilton, a Soldier of the American Revolution.”

“Irish Pioneers in Texas.”

“The Irish Chapter in the History of Brown University.”

“Men of Irish Blood Who Have Attained Eminence in American Journalism.”

“William Prendergast, a Pioneer of Chautauqua County, N. Y.”

“The Battle of Rhode Island.”

“Rev. James MacSparran, Irishman, Scholar, Preacher and Philosopher, 1680–1757.”

“Irish Pioneers and Builders of Kentucky.”

“Rev. James Caldwell, a Patriot of the American Revolution.”

“Great Irishmen in New York’s History.”

“Life and Deeds of Major-General John Sullivan.”

“Irish Pioneers in New York.”

“Irish Pioneers of the West and Their Descendants.”

“Advantages of Historical Research to Irish Americans.”

PRESIDENTS-GENERAL OF THE SOCIETY.

HON. MICHAEL F. DOOLEY.

President of the National Exchange Bank of Providence, R. I. and Treasurer-General of the Society.

In accordance with a vote of the Executive Council at a meeting held in Providence, R. I., the date and place of the tenth annual meeting and banquet of the Society was fixed for January 29, 1908, at Hotel Manhattan, New York City. President-General McGowan caused notice to be sent each member as follows:

THE AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

Dear Sir: The annual meeting and dinner of the American Irish Historical Society will take place at the Hotel Manhattan, Madison Avenue and Forty-Second Street, New York City, on Wednesday evening, January 29, 1908.

A reception will begin at 5.00 p. m., to be followed at 6.30 p. m. by a business meeting. The line will be formed for dinner at 7.30 p. m.

The reception committee as designated by the Executive Council of the Society comprises: T. P. Kelly, John F. Doyle and T. Albeus Adams of New York; P. F. Magrath, Binghamton, N. Y.; James L. O’Neill, Elizabeth, N. J.; John F. O’Connell, Providence, R. I.; Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, Boston, Mass.; D. H. Tierney, Waterbury, Conn.; James O’Sullivan, Lowell, Mass.; Hon. William Gorman, Philadelphia, Pa.; Hon. P. T. Barry, Chicago, Ill.; Hon. Thomas Z. Lee, Providence, R. I.; Hon. John Hannan, Ogdensburg, N. Y., and D. J. McGillicuddy, Lewiston, Me.

Tickets for the dinner are now ready at $3.50 each. They can be obtained by addressing T. P. Kelly, Esq., chairman of the Dinner Committee, 544 West Twenty-Second Street, New York City. Make checks payable to the American Irish Historical Society, and forward to Mr. Kelly at the address given.

Music will be furnished at the dinner by an orchestra and by a vocal quartet. There will be other features of an entertaining nature designed to make the occasion one of more than ordinary interest.

Members are at liberty to invite personal guests, and a large attendance 18is cordially desired. Kindly inform us as soon as possible whether you intend to be present on the twenty-ninth.

A goodly number of members responded to the notice, and the sale of tickets gave evidence that a large gathering would be present.

The Reception Committee was early in attendance and rendered much valuable service. It greatly assisted the Secretary-General, who was ill, in the performance of his duties, introduced the new members as they appeared and arranged the seatings of members for the banquet.

At 6.30 p. m. the annual meeting was called to order by Hon. Thomas Z. Lee, in the absence of the President-General and Vice-President-General, and, upon being elected President-General pro tem, presided throughout the business meeting.

Treasurer-General Dooley announced through the Chairman that the funds of the Society were deposited in the Union Trust Company, Providence, R. I., at the time of its suspension, and that a plan for its reorganization had been suggested, but not yet adopted. The funds were therefore not available for our use and he could not tell when they would be. In order that the Society might have its funds subject to its disposal and not be obliged to await a more or less indefinite reorganization of the Union Trust Company, Mr. Dooley had drawn his personal cheque for the total amount of our detained funds and deposited same to the credit of the Society. He asked that we give him an assignment of our money in the Union Trust Company in order that he instead of us might do the waiting and take the chances of being repaid.

Mr. Dooley’s generous offer was most cordially accepted, and a committee appointed by the Chairman for that purpose immediately executed the assignment of our detained funds as requested.

Upon motion of Mr. Dennis H. Tierney, a vote of thanks was extended Treasurer-General Dooley for the transaction above mentioned, and remarks of a most complimentary nature were made by several previous to the adoption of the vote.

19The annual report of the Secretary-General was read and it was ordered that the same be received and placed on file.

The annual report of the Treasurer-General showing receipts, disbursements and balance on hand was read, and it was ordered that the same be received and placed on file.

A number of new members were elected, some of whom were present later at the banquet.

The election of officers for the ensuing year was called for, and the following gentlemen, having the unanimous endorsement of the Executive Council, were by ballot duly elected to the following offices:

MR. JOHN J. LENEHAN,

Of New York City.

A Life Member of the Society and Chairman of the Committee on Membership, under whose intelligent efforts nearly 300 new members have been admitted to the Society since June, 1908.

Mr. Willis B. Dowd spoke at length concerning our next annual meeting and banquet and then moved that it be held in Washington, D. C. Mr. T. Vincent Butler seconded the motion and spoke in support of Mr. Dowd’s views. The motion was unanimously adopted.

The new President-General, Francis J. Quinlan, having arrived, the Chairman appointed Rev. John J. McCoy, LL. D., T. Vincent Butler, Esq., and S. J. O’Sullivan, Esq., to wait upon the incoming President-General and escort him to the chair.

The Committee retired and presented Doctor Quinlan, who thanked the Society in a few well chosen words and immediately began his duties.

At 7.30 p. m. the line was formed for the banquet, and a large number of members and guests took seats at the tables.

President-General Quinlan presided and grace was said by Rev. Dr. John J. McCoy.

Music was furnished by a male quartet and an orchestra, and 22throughout the evening they led the Society in patriotic American and Irish songs.

The tables were handsomely decorated with plants and flowers and presented a pretty picture. During the evening a flashlight photograph of the diners was obtained with satisfactory results. The menu was all that could be desired.

There were present:

Rev. Fr. Curtain; Michael F. Dooley, Providence, R. I.; John F. Kehoe, Newark, N. J.; Hon. P. T. Barry, Chicago, Ill.; John F. O’Connell, Providence, R. I.; Hon. Patrick Garvan, Hartford, Conn.; John J. Rooney, New York City; Hon. Joseph F. Daly, New York City; P. H. Garrity, Waterbury, Conn.; J. J. Daly, New York City; James O’Sullivan, Lowell, Mass.; Dennis H. Tierney, Waterbury, Conn.; David Healy, New York City; T. P. Kelley, New York City; Dr. M. F. Sullivan, Lawrence, Mass.; 23John F. MacDonnell, Holyoke, Mass.; Joseph Geoghegan, Salt Lake City; T. Vincent Butler, New York City; James L. O’Neill, Elizabeth, N. J.; William T. Cox, Elizabeth, N. J.; John F. Kenah, Elizabeth, N. J.; Hon. Patrick J. Ryan, Elizabeth, N. J.; Hon. Matthew P. Breen, New York City; Henry J. Breen, New York City; John Jay Joyce, New York City; Nathaniel Doyle, New York City; T. H. Murray, Boston, Mass.; Hon. Thomas Z. Lee, Providence, R. I.; J. Duncan Emmet, M. D., New York City; Stephen Farrelly, New York City; S. J. O’Sullivan, New York City; Dr. Bryan DeF. Sheedy, New York City; Judge Lorenz Zellar, New York City; Judge James J. Walsh, New York City; Michael F. Farley, New York City; Philip Bloch, New York City; William Crowley, New York City; Roswell D. Williams, New York City; M. F. Laughman, New York City; Col. Charles F. Crowley, New York City; William Cahill, New York City; Peter J. Crotty, New York City; Sidney Williams, New York City; J. A. Lyons, New York City; William H. Breen, New York City, and many others.

President-General Quinlan opened the proceedings, and the Rev. Dr. John J. McCoy said grace.

A most eloquent speech was delivered by Mr. Henry J. Breen, son of Hon. Matthew P. Breen, and he was followed by Hon. John F. O’Connell of Providence, who spoke concerning the Sullivan Memorial and the work of the Society in Rhode Island.

Rev. Dr. John J. McCoy was then introduced, and his discourse was graceful, eloquent and learned, and a beautiful tribute to the work of the Society.

Hon. Patrick J. Ryan of Elizabeth, N. J., told in a most interesting manner of the growth of New York and of his experiences as a boy romping about on the present site of the hotel where the banquet was held.

Mr. T. Vincent Butler of New York made a short speech about our fellow-member, President Roosevelt, and proposed a toast to his health, which was drunk amid much enthusiasm.

Dr. M. F. Sullivan of Lawrence, Mass., gave a number of very practical suggestions as to how the membership of the Society could be increased and the sphere of its work extended.

Mr. David Healy of New York spoke of the supreme importance of the work of the Society in centering the light of organized, intelligent 24and painstaking research upon Ireland’s part in the making of American history; of her contributions to America’s greatness, and the proud place which has been honorably won by her children as an integral part of American life, American ideals, and American nationality.

“One of the great disadvantages with which the Irish element in American life has had to deal,” said Mr. Healy, “has been the fact that histories and school text-books, current in the English speaking world, have been too largely the product of minds influenced and prejudiced by inherited anti-Irish animosities and pro-English traditions.

“The Irish have been considered as pre-eminently a martial race because of their persistent and unconquerable struggles for a score of generations to vindicate the principle of Irish nationality.

“It is true that the Celtic race has also been universally awarded an exalted place in the realm of poetry, oratory and song, as well as in devotion to family and in faithfulness to principle. It remains for the American Irish Historical Society to show other and equally important and admirable characteristics of the Irish race, and to point to other fields wherein Irishmen have distinguished themselves in meeting the current and pressing problems of America’s rapid and unparalleled development.

“It remains for us to realize and to show to others that not only was it the Irishman’s pick that brought the earth’s hidden treasures to the surface, his shovel that made ready for the iron rail across the continent, but it was Irish brain and enterprise largely that developed the mines and constructed the steel pathway between the East and the West, thus making a national unit qualified and competent to deal with the nations of the world.

“In the great life current of American nationality, the rich red blood of the Celt has been a dominant and fructifying tributary.

“It also remains for us to realize our shortcomings and to aim for the highest ideals, not to be content with a leading place in the world of military renown, financial, industrial and commercial enterprise. We should earnestly seek correspondingly high places in the realm of philanthropy, moderation and universal brotherhood.”

During the evening the Sullivan Memorial Committee having in charge the erection and dedication of a bronze memorial at the 25State House in Rhode Island to Maj.-Gen. John Sullivan, made a report through Judge Lee, its chairman, showing substantial progress and an intention to dedicate the memorial some time during the present year.

Mr. Dennis H. Tierney made stirring remarks concerning “The Star Spangled Banner” as a patriotic song taken as a whole, and deplored the disposition of so many public bodies to leave out parts of it.

After remarks by other members the company dispersed, having participated in one of the most entertaining and instructive banquets ever held by the Society.

26

An event of much historical significance to Rhode Island, and indeed to the entire country, took place under the auspices of the Society at the Rhode Island State House on Wednesday, December 16, 1908, when an impressive bronze memorial was dedicated to the memory of Major-General John Sullivan, one of Rhode Island’s Revolutionary heroes.

The memorial, which most appropriately commemorates the services of General Sullivan to his race, his country and his State, is placed in a fitting position in the broad corridor of the main entrance to the capitol. Large, beautifully designed and in every way worthy of its mission, it immediately claims the attention of everyone who enters the State House. It has already been the object of favorable comment from many distinguished people, and is acknowledged to be a credit not only to the memory of the distinguished soldier, but also to the Society through whose efforts it was placed in its present position.

The exercises on the day of the unveiling were in every way worthy of such an occasion. People of distinction in every walk of life were present, all the historical organizations of the State were represented by officers and members, and addresses befitting the event were delivered by men of prominence in public life and in historical research. Col. David C. Robinson, of New York, a well-known student of history and a most eloquent speaker, was the orator of the day, and inspiring speeches were made by Dr. Francis J. Quinlan, of New York, President-General of the Society; Gov. James H. Higgins, of Rhode Island; Governor-elect Aram J. Pothier; ex-Governor Charles Warren Lippitt; Mayor Patrick J. McCarthy, of Providence; and Gen. William Ames, chairman of the State House Commission. Hon. Thomas Z. Lee, of Providence, chairman of the Sullivan Memorial Committee, presided. The exercises took place in the presence of a large gathering and one thoroughly representative of the public and social life of the city and State.

MR. THOMAS ZANSLAUR LEE,

Secretary-General of the American Irish Historical Society.

27Following the dedicatory exercises luncheon was served at the Narragansett Hotel, the Society’s headquarters, and this also was followed by a number of brief addresses from well-known Rhode Islanders and members of the Society from other States.

The proceedings at the State House began at noon, Judge Lee making the opening address. He said:

“Honored Guests, Members of the American Irish Historical Society, Ladies and Gentlemen:

“We are assembled in the Rhode Island State House today to dedicate a memorial in honor of Maj. Gen. John Sullivan whose service to the country and this State during the war of the Revolution is familiar to every American, and whose career as a soldier, statesman and jurist will be eloquently depicted by those who will be presented to you later. My remarks will be confined to a short history of the American Irish Historical Society under whose auspices the memorial was erected, and a reference to the movement and spirit which prompted the work.

“The American Irish Historical Society was organized in Boston, January 20th, 1897. Certain gentlemen interested in historical work, believing that proper recognition had not always been given by historians and others to the part taken in the settlement, foundations, upbuilding and general affairs of the United States by those of Irish descent, brought forth the idea of a society, national in its scope, that should be devoted to making better known the Irish Chapter in American history, by giving plain recitals of facts, correcting errors, supplying omissions, discouraging prejudice, establishing right and truth, and giving rightful place and just due to historical matters concerning American citizens of Irish nativity, blood or extraction. Invitations were sent out by these gentlemen, and an enthusiastic meeting took place, at which representatives from seventeen States were present; and the following were elected the first officers of the Society:

“Rear Admiral Richard Worsam Meade, U. S. Navy, of Washington, President-General; Mr. Osborne Howes of Massachusetts, 28Vice-President-General; Hon. John C. Linehan of New Hampshire, Treasurer-General; Thomas Hamilton Murray of Rhode Island, Secretary-General; and Thomas B. Lawler of New York, Librarian and Archivist.

“The first Executive Council consisted of the foregoing and Mr. James Jeffrey Roche of Boston, Hon. Robert Ellis Thompson of Philadelphia, Hon. Theodore Roosevelt of New York, Hon. Edward A. Moseley of Washington, Mr. Augustus St. Gaudens of New York, Mr. Joseph Smith of Lowell, T. Russell Sullivan, a direct descendant of General Sullivan, of Boston, and Hon. Maurice F. Egan of Washington.

“The first Board of State Vice-Presidents was as follows: Maine, Mr. James Cunningham of Portland; New Hampshire, Mr. T. P. Sullivan of Concord; Vermont, Mr. Thomas W. Moloney of Rutland; Massachusetts, Mr. Osborne Howes of Boston; Rhode Island, Mr. M. Joseph Harson of Providence; Connecticut, Mr. Joseph F. Swords of Hartford; New York, General James R. O’Beirne of New York City; New Jersey, Hon. William McAdoo, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, of Jersey City; Pennsylvania, General St. Clair A. Mulholland of Philadelphia; South Carolina, Ex-United States Senator M. C. Butler of Edgefield; Georgia, Ex-United States Senator Patrick Walsh of Atlanta; Ohio, Rev. George W. Pepper of Cleveland; Illinois, W. J. Onahan of Chicago; Michigan, Ex-Congressman Thomas A. E. Weadock of Detroit; Minnesota, Mr. Daniel W. Lawler of St. Paul; Missouri, Mr. Richard E. Kerens of St. Louis; District of Columbia, Mr. J. D. O’Connell of Washington.

“The work that the Society has undertaken is worthy of the sympathy and aid of every American who is interested in the past, present and future of this, the greatest country on earth; and in doing its work the watchwords of the Society are Fidelity, Truth and Honor, and we feel and know what the influence and inspiration of these words mean.

“One of the preambles in the Constitution reads: ‘While we as loyal citizens of this Republic are earnestly interested in all the various phases of its history, we feel that we should be false to its honor and greatness and recreant to our own blood if we did not make a serious effort to leave to those generations which will follow 29us, a clearer and better knowledge of the important work done by men and women of the Irish race in the United States.’

“The broad scope of our work may be comprehended from a statement of our objects and purposes:

“(1) The study of American history generally.

“(2) To investigate, especially, the immigration of the people of Ireland to this country, determine its numbers, examine the sources, learn the places of settlement; and estimate the influence on contemporary events in war, legislation, religion, education and other departments of human activity.

“(3) To examine records of every character, wherever found, calculated to throw light on the work of the Irish element in this broad land.

“(4) To endeavor to correct erroneous, distorted and false views of history, where they are known, and to substitute therefor the truth of history, based on documentary evidence, and the best and most reasonable tradition, in relation to the Irish race in America.

“(5) To encourage and assist the formation of local societies in American cities and towns for the work of the parent Society.

“(6) To promote and foster an honorable and national spirit of patriotism, which shall know no lines of division, which shall be based upon loyalty to the laws, institutions and spirit of the Republic to whose upbuilding the Irish element has unselfishly contributed in blood and treasure, a patriotism whose simple watchwords shall be ‘true Americanism’ and ‘human freedom,’ and which has no concern for any man’s race, color or creed, measuring him only by his conduct, effort and achievement.

“(7) To promote by union in a common high purpose, a sincere fraternity, a greater emulation in well doing, a closer confidence and mutual respect among the various elements of the Irish race in America, that by putting behind it the asperities of the past, it may unite in a common brotherhood with its fellows for the honor of the race and the glory of the Republic.

“(8) To compile the results of its historical investigations in suitable literary form; to print, publish and distribute its documents among libraries, educational institutions and its own membership with a view to the wide dissemination of historical truths, and in 30order that such data may be placed within the reach of historians and other writers and readers.

“(9) To discriminate every paper, sketch and document bearing on the work of the Society before the same is accepted and given official sanction, in order that its publication may be a guarantee of its historical accuracy; to do its work without passion or prejudice, to view acknowledged facts in the true scientific historical spirit; and, having reached the truth, to give it to the world.

“Some two years ago the movement for the erection of this memorial was started. The first suggestion came from Mr. Thomas Hamilton Murray, the late honored Secretary-General of the Society. The Rhode Island members at once manifested a deep interest, formed themselves into a committee, and, in due time, solicited among their number subscriptions for this memorial. These subscriptions came in very satisfactorily, and, when we were assured that it was possible to erect a suitable memorial, a sub-committee of the general committee conferred with the Board of State House Commissioners, who assigned to us the most appropriate space in the State House, beside the cases of flags carried by Rhode Island regiments in the different wars.

“The memorial has been erected with the aid of Rhode Island subscriptions, with one or two exceptions. It was designed by the brilliant young sculptor, Mr. John G. Hardy, under whose direction it was executed by the W. J. Feeley Company, of Providence.

“I now take great pleasure in behalf of the American Irish Historical Society and in behalf of its committee, in presenting to the State of Rhode Island the Sullivan memorial, which Mr. Hardy will now unveil. (At this point the flags draping the memorial were drawn aside by the sculptor.)

“And now I have the great honor to present to you a gentleman well-known and highly-honored by all Rhode Islanders, one who has shown deep interest in this, as in all other worthy projects, Hon. James H. Higgins, Governor of Rhode Island.”

Governor Higgins spoke as follows:

“Ladies and Gentlemen: In behalf of the State of Rhode Island, I am not only pleased but proud indeed to accept this splendid memorial. Rhode Island has a particular interest in the career and 31achievements of General Sullivan. He was delegated to the command of the forces in Rhode Island largely through the recommendation of General Greene, the greatest soldier of all in the Revolution next to Washington. Through the joint recommendations of Washington and Greene, Sullivan was placed in command of the forces in this State.

“There was perhaps no State in the Union which, in proportion to its size and population, suffered more of the hardships of that great struggle than our own. Some historians have suggested that one section of our State, Newport and the Island of Rhode Island, have never recovered from the blow dealt it through the long occupation of that section of the State by the British forces. We of Rhode Island, therefore, have a particular interest in the efforts of General Sullivan to expel the British from this State.

“We are proud, therefore, to know that the American Irish Historical Society has taken this matter up and has shown such active interest in perpetuating the memory and the exploits of General Sullivan. I am sure that I can say on behalf of our united citizenship that the State appreciates this activity, this patriotism, on the part of the American Irish Historical Society, and we want to say to you, sirs, that the fruit of your interest—this memorial—will ever be preserved by our State as a remembrance of his splendid achievements, as well as of the generosity and the patriotism of the organization which prompted it. May your activity, my friends, be continued throughout the length and breadth of the land and throughout the entire period of your career in the same creditable and patriotic manner that has characterized your work concerning General Sullivan.

“Again, sirs, I am pleased to accept in behalf of our State this splendid remembrance, to assure you of our profound appreciation, and to say that it shall ever remain as a memento of your patriotism and character, of the gratitude and appreciation of our good State, as an inspiration to all future generations and to all visitors to this splendid Capitol, of the value and eternity of that thankfulness which a grateful people feel for those who serve them well.

“It is now my pleasure to turn the memorial over to General William Ames, the Chairman of the State House Commission, in whose trustworthy hands this monument will be placed and from whom I am sure it will receive the same careful and patriotic attention 32that all his other duties have received in connection with the management of our splendid State Capitol. I am pleased, therefore, to introduce to you one of our most honored fellow citizens, General William Ames, who will accept in behalf of the State House Commission.”

General Ames responded as follows:

“Your Excellency, Members of the American Irish Historical Society, Ladies and Gentlemen: As Chairman of the Commission having in its care and keeping this beautiful State House it is my privilege to bid you welcome here today. We are assembled, not for an ordinary occasion, but for an extraordinary one. We are here to inscribe upon this marble wall the name of one who was patriot, soldier and statesman, the commander who planned and fought the Battle of Rhode Island in 1778.

“General John Sullivan passed on long years ago to make his final report to the great Commander of us all. Yet we have treasured his memory, and through the years it has grown ever dearer to the hearts of all patriotic Americans—to us of Rhode Island more than all. And now that love has found fitting expression in this memorial, which shall commemorate through the coming ages his patriotism, his devotion, and his loyal services to his country.

“A State can perform no more graceful act than to make public record of the deeds and accomplishments of its famous sons. It therefore gives me great pleasure, and I deem it a high honor, to accept for the State House Commission the custody and care of the beautiful memorial placed upon these walls by the American Irish Historical Society.”

At the conclusion of General Ames’ acceptance Chairman Lee introduced Mayor McCarthy in the following words: “The thanks of the American Irish Historical Society are due and are hereby tendered to General Ames and to Hon. James M. Scott and Col. J. Edward Studley, the other members of the Board of State House Commissioners, for their great courtesy to us. It was to them we first addressed ourselves for permission to place our memorial to General Sullivan in the State House, and when it was ready for its permanent position a few weeks ago, we went to them again concerning the dedicatory exercises. Our comfortable seating was provided for, the freedom of this beautiful capitol extended us and an 33ample force of employees placed at our disposal. We may well be grateful for the uniform courtesy and consideration that marked all the Commission’s dealing with our Society.

“The Secretary of our committee is a very worthy member of the Society. As I happened to be the Chairman, it was my privilege to sign my name over his in issuing the invitations. It is the first time I have ever had an opportunity of putting my name before that of His Honor the Mayor, and I enjoyed the opportunity. But now, after doing his work as Secretary of the committee very faithfully, he has tendered his resignation, which we have most regretfully accepted, in order that he might do his duty as Chief Executive of the City of Providence. I have the honor to introduce to you our esteemed fellow-member, Hon. Patrick J. McCarthy of Providence, who will, I am sure, extend to us a warm welcome to the principal city of the State over the destinies of which he presides so ably.”

Mayor McCarthy said:

“Mr. Chairman, Fellow Members of the American Irish Historical Society, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am deeply sensible of the honor my official position and duty brings me on this occasion as Mayor of Providence in greeting the representatives of The American Irish Historical Society and its distinguished guests from many states; I tender you a ‘Providence Welcome,’ and the freedom of the city.

“I thank the Society for its munificent gift of the beautiful bronze memorial, which commemorates the heroic deeds of Major General John Sullivan of the Continental Army and his services to his native State (New Hampshire) as citizen, legislator, jurist and governor, and also to the United States as a member of Congress.

“The people of Providence thank the State House Commissioners for allotting space for the memorial in the Capitol Building of Rhode Island; it is an appropriate place for a memento of the hero of the Battle of Rhode Island. The good deeds of men live after them. General Sullivan’s life was spent in the service of his state and country. He was generously endowed by nature, with the mental and physical qualities that are characteristic of his race, which enabled him to perform his duty on the field, on the bench, as 34chief magistrate of his State, and as a citizen, courageously and zealously with loyalty to God and country—seeking honor only in the discharge of duty.

“The history of his life work survives him. We are assembled to honor his memory. The memorial you have this day placed in this State House is a page in bronze, of the history of the early struggles of our countrymen for National Independence, equal rights, and freedom—a page which future generations will read with inspiration to emulate the honorable career of General Sullivan.

“We honor ourselves in dedicating this monument to his memory. Providence is grateful to the Society for possession of it within the city, and is modestly proud of the fact that it is the product of a Providence artist and establishment.

“The dedication of permanent monuments in grateful recognition of the noble service of good men inspires others to heroic deeds and sacrifices, and perpetuates the history of such men and their achievements.

“The American Irish Historical Society, in placing this beautiful memorial in Rhode Island, commemorates one of the early battles in support of the Declaration of Independence and for national separation of the Colonies from Great Britain, fought by an American General of the Irish race, ever loyal to the cause of freedom and equality and commends the history of his life, and the history of the Irish race in America to all men of good will.”

Chairman Lee: “A generous response to our invitations has been received, nearly all our invited guests being present. We have received letters of regret, however, from Rev. W. H. P. Faunce, President of Brown University, Hon. Asa Bird Gardiner, Rt. Rev. Mathew Harkins and one or two others whose letters are not this moment before me. Our fellow-member, the President of the United States, in a letter to us, tenders his regrets at being unable to be present, and cites urgent business at home as the reason. Judging from the accounts in the morning papers about his trouble with the yellow journals, I take it he is pretty busy at this time in Washington.

“We have letters of regret from other members of the Society who are unable to be present. I will read the names only. Rt. Rev. Philip J. Garrigan, Bishop of Sioux City; Rt. Rev. M. J. Hoban, Bishop of Scranton; Hon. W. Bourke Cockran of New 35York; John Moriarty of Waterbury, Conn.; J. B. Spillane of New York; M. C. O’Brien, M. D., of New York; James H. Devlin, Jr., of Boston, Mass.; Rev. John J. McCoy, LL. D., of Worcester, Mass.; John W. Bourlet of Concord, N. H.; Rev. Gerald P. Coghlan of Philadelphia; Hon. Willis B. Dowd of New York; Richard Worsam Meade of New York; Patrick Gallagher of New York; Edward J. Brandon of Cambridge, Mass.; J. C. Griffin of Skowhegan, Me.; W. P. Regan of Lawrence, Mass.; W. J. O’Hagan of Charleston, S. C.; John J. Slattery of Louisville, Ky.; John F. Doyle of New York; P. F. McBreen of New York; John J. Keenan of Boston, Mass.; William Francis Byrnes, M. D.; Hon. J. C. Monaghan of New York; Wiliam B. Sullivan of Boston, Mass.; Hon. P. J. Ryan, Mayor-Elect of Elizabeth, N. J.; H. M. Cox, M. D., of New York; Dr. George McAleer of Worcester, Mass.; William Gilbert Davies; Charles V. Dasey of Boston, Mass.; Finley Peter Dunne of Chicago; Hon. John J. McDonough of Fall River, Mass.; Eugene Lynch of Boston, Mass.; Stephen Farrelly of New York; Mitchell McDonahue; Henry L. Joyce of New York; Major E. J. O’Shaughnessy of New York; Lawrence Clancy of Oswego, N. Y.; Rt. Rev. Thomas J. Conaty, Bishop of Monterey, Los Angeles, Cal.; Judge Mathew Breen of New York; Capt. James Connolly of Coronado, Cal.; Gen. A. G. Malloy of El Paso, Texas; John J. Daly of New York; Hon. Edward A. Moseley of Washington; Judge Victor J. Dowling of New York; Rev. M. J. Cooke of Fall River and Rev. Cyrus Townsend Brady of Toledo, Ohio.

“Before presenting the orator of the day I desire to say to all members who have not visited the Society’s headquarters at the Narragansett Hotel that luncheon will be served there after the ceremonies here; delegates of all the organizations represented in response to our invitation are also cordially invited to join us at luncheon. The headquarters are in room 10 at the hotel, and luncheon will be served in the main dining-room immediately upon our arrival there.

“The Society is fortunate in having secured for the principal speaker today a gentleman who knows perhaps more about the life and works of General Sullivan than does any other in the United States; a statesman whose record is widely known, and whose voice has been heard in discussion of historical and other matters in the 36New York capitol at Albany on many occasions. The son of a former governor of New York, he has always been identified with New York institutions and New York laws. Through his efforts the Legislature of that State recently appropriated $10,000 for the purpose of erecting a suitable memorial to General Sullivan, and, while the purposes of that resolution have not yet been fulfilled, it will be but a short time before a fitting tribute is paid by the State of New York to the memory of Major General Sullivan. And the credit for that tribute will be due in large part to the gentleman I now have the honor to introduce, Col. David C. Robinson, of Elmira, N. Y.”

Colonel Robinson spoke as follows:

“Mr. Chairman, Your Excellency the Governor, Members of the American Irish Historical Society, Ladies and Gentlemen: I should do less than justice to the emotions of the hour if I did not, at the outset, express my high appreciation of and my profound thanks for the honor done me in the invitation from your Society to voice our mutual sentiments upon so important an occasion as this. It is an honor to be invited as a spectator to take part in such a ceremony as this; it is a higher honor to be accounted worthy even by a few to say a word on such an occasion; it is honor most of all that I have your unanimous invitation to say that which I may be able to in memory of one of the noblest and purest characters on whom the sun of history has ever shone.

“It has been the habit of my life, my friends, to speak without a note; the professional training of many years has made it easier. I do remember many, very many things about Major General John Sullivan and his life; I do not remember all that I should mention, for the line is long, and I am, therefore, contrary to my usual custom, obliged to ask you to bear with me while I refresh my recollection from time to time with a memorandum of some of the most distinguished services with which this man’s life was filled, to the end that I may impress the lesson which speaks from this memorial, which speaks from the long-drawn procession of brave and good and kind deeds with which the life of the one whom we commemorate today is surrounded.

“And first, before I enter on that which I would say of this memorial and of him to whose memory it is dedicated, I want to congratulate 37this Society on that which it has even in the few years of its existence accomplished, and on the labors, increased in volume every year, by which it makes known the Irish chapter in American history.

“To trace that which we owe to the line of blood of which this man was one of the most illustrious examples, is a duty which belongs to every student of American history. Let us find, if we may, wherein lay that in which he so far exceeded most of his fellowmen. Let us make it a lesson not alone to say that this man was one of the greatest of American Irish or Irish Americans, but that he illustrated a trait of character which Americans and Irish American citizens all ought to follow, ought to teach their children to follow, ought to endeavor to perpetuate in the thoughts, the work, the labors of this land.

“Now we are met principally to do honor to the memory and the merits of a brave and good man; that is our purpose; but in our acts and words today, my friends, we do honor not only to him and to his memory, but we do honor to ourselves and our countrymen. He belongs to us and we appreciate it. The laurels which we lay on the graves of such as he, who periled life, limb, fortune, happiness and health that we might enjoy the blessings which are ours today, are laurels piled upon our own characters, our own qualities.

“From this beautiful tablet, so fittingly placed in honor of him, whose name in this hour fills all our hearts, the veil has just fallen in your sight. I do not envy that American who, at such a time as this, does not feel his heart swell with patriotic pride at the thought of what this graven monument means to us and ours.

“A thousand recollections sparkle in the chambers of memory as we recall the chivalry, the worth, the dauntless courage and self-denying loyalty of him whose heart, stilled in its own earthly tenement for more than a hundred years, yet lives and throbs and pulses in the hearts of every lover of his land and of human liberty the wide world around; and, although appreciating to the fullest extent all that your Mayor has so well said and the Chairman so ably suggested of the beauty of this memorial, I may be pardoned for saying that no work of art, no accomplishment of high design, no costly metal, no skilful chiseling, no beautiful moulding, can 38make a memorial worthy of such a man as was Major General John Sullivan.

“For when I think of what he was and what he did, when there rises to my sight the sacrifice and effort, the combat and the stern endurance, the privation and the grief, the sorrow and the pain, which marked his labor and his life throughout the years which spanned the rise of freedom, yea, the hope of men upon this continent, I feel sure that pen may not write, voice may not sound, nor can the chisel of art produce token worthy of his high deserving.

“I would that the task of voicing our sentiments upon this occasion, the impressions of this hour, had fallen to other and to abler hands than mine. I wish that some peerless orator, born of that great race from which he sprang, might tell us here whence came the greatness, the nobility, the grace and loveliness which were so gloriously his, and, in telling that, might teach our children how he came to that high state of manly quality which all the world now knows was his.

“But, friends of this great Society, whose well-bent efforts have done so much to give deserving heroes the credit which was rightly theirs, I know you will not let the awakened and quickening memories of this great soul for one moment hesitate in their progress toward wider and better appreciation.

“I know that my own shortcomings will be more than complemented by your larger opportunity of bringing within the circle of his admirers every patriotic citizen of this Republic. Nay, more, I hope the day will come when every State House in the land shall hold a tablet such as this, when every schoolboy shall read lessons from his life, when every human being who seeks partnership and title in the freedom of his kind shall, in his memory, cherish the name of Major General John Sullivan as one who deserves a niche unshadowed and a fame unscarred among the scanty array of those great souls whom the genius of Liberty proudly calls her own.

“This is not the fulsome word of hyperbole; it is not the sounding tinkle of rhetoric or idle eulogy. It is the measured testimony of those who have read aright the history of the great struggle for Independence, and have found therein no light or shadow in which the great soul of Major General Sullivan did not sparkle with the luster of a flawless diamond. And in this hour, beneath the lofty 39dome henceforth to shadow this memorial, in this free atmosphere which seems even now to echo with the guns he fired against his country’s foes, in this bright light, not purer than the soul he wore upon his sleeve, let us trace out a few of those strands of character which made him what he was, and, in our speaking, draw some inspiration from a few of the many debts which Liberty and our common country owe to him.

“Ah, my friends, the account is long. We find him early trained as a lawyer, and at the age of 32 Major of the New Hampshire Regiment; in the spring of 1774, a member of the Provincial Assembly of New Hampshire; in September of the same year and in 1775, a delegate to the Continental Congress, by which he was in June, 1775, appointed a Brigadier-General, and in 1776 a Major-General.

“Yet even while he was, at 34, only a New Hampshire Major, he had accomplished perhaps the most daring personal feat of the Revolution in the seizure of the powder and arms at Fort William and Mary in Portsmouth Harbor. Do you realize what that meant? Little more than a boy, anticipating, as he always anticipated, troubles to come, he dealt a crushing blow to the greatest power on earth, a boy with a dozen companions, and he sounded in that one daring act the keynote of that grand chorus of Liberty whose majestic final chords were heard in the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown.

“I challenge the world to find a busier or more useful life than his for the five years from 1774 to 1779. No wonder, my friends, that no memorial can do justice to this. We find him on Winter’s Hill at the siege of Boston, working with all the energy of a vigorous manhood and high purpose; again at Portsmouth to advise and assist in warding off a menaced attack from the British fleet; thence hastily ordered to New York to aid General Putnam with a powerful detachment.

“The pressing needs of the imperiled American army in Canada caused General Washington, in the spring of 1776, to hurry him off with six regiments to join its Commander at the earliest possible moment. Do you realize, my friends, what a journey to Canada with six regiments—a hasty journey—meant in those days? Yet Sullivan was there, only to see the death of the Commander whom he had been ordered to assist, from a malignant attack of smallpox; 40and himself suddenly succeeded to the place of Chief Commander of the entire expedition.

“Nothing could exceed the vigor and discretion of his work as Commander of this most difficult expedition. Washington wrote of him at this time—and I love to quote of this man who has always been my historical ideal the words of the greatest mind in war and peace this country has ever known—Washington wrote of him at this time: ‘He is active, spirited and zealously attached to the cause. His wants are common to us all. He wants experience to move upon a grand scale, for the limited and contracted knowledge which any of us have in military matters stands in very little stead.’

“But Washington’s most competent biographer, Washington Irving, declares with emphasis and truth: ‘This want was overbalanced on the part of General Sullivan by sound judgment, some acquaintance with men and books, and an enterprising genius.’

“It is a source of profound regret to the thoughtful student of American history that General Sullivan was not left in charge to work out the problem of the Canadian expedition. True, he was only thirty-six years of age and had had but limited experience, but his successful combinations of a few years later leave it more than possible that, with him as a leader, the whole of Canada might have been added to the United States even at that early day, and the Revolution there terminated in half the time it finally lasted.

“This was not destined so to be, for Congress somewhat hastily decided to commit the command of the Northern army to the much older but, as many of us now believe, far less competent hands of General Gates. I should not do justice to General Sullivan’s character if I did not concede that this replacement caused him some hurt, and I might say grief, but his magnanimous and instant efforts in the very moment of his return from Canada to serve his country by taking up as temporary Commander the perilous work on Long Island which General Greene had been compelled by illness to lay down, showed the soldier, the gentleman and patriot as no less trying circumstances could.

“In the midst of the carnage of the disastrous battle of Long Island, Sullivan was taken prisoner. At once paroled and soon after exchanged, we find him in December, 1776, hastening to join General Washington.

41“Let me now turn from the track of this all too historical resumé to call your attention to the fact that, when Lord Howe paroled General Sullivan, desirous then of accelerating and possibly terminating the Rebellion without severance with the colonies, he selected John Sullivan as the honored representative of the British Government to convey his message to George Washington, and General Sullivan, under his own parole, brought from Lord Howe to George Washington the propositions which Lord Howe felt he could entrust to no more worthy hands than those of this man who was the absolute and the untiring enemy of Great Britain. That is a testimonial to General Sullivan whose place no monument can take.

“In December, 1776, he hastened to join General Washington. On the morning of the attack of Trenton, after a night of storm and cold so bitter that some of his men were frozen to death and many of his guns were rendered wet and useless, he reported to Washington the defective condition of his muskets, as was his duty, but was ordered to advance and charge, which he did with so much effect that his regiment was really the first in action at the lower end of the town.

“Next we find him, September 11th, 1777, on the disastrous but glorious field of Brandywine, every duty discharged with promptness, cool courage and sound discretion and judgment, and even in the closing hours of that struggle his was the foremost figure in the desperate center of the fray.

“Brandywine and its disappointing finish was scarcely over before the conflict at Germantown involved him with his division in another desperate struggle, where an unfortunate and needless delay by General Knox and the sudden rising of a dense and impenetrable fog snatched from his hands a victory earned and well earned by every exhibition of soldierly quality a commander could give. And even in the hour of keenest personal disappointment, balked of a victory he had richly earned, a victory which would have set his name ringing around the world as its chief author and cause, his thoughts were not of himself, but of the personal danger to Washington to whom he gave the lifelong devotion which only lives in the breasts of noble men.

“Without a pang or plaint of his own peril and disappointment, he writes: ‘I saw with great concern our brave Commander-inChief 42exposing himself to the hottest fire of the enemy in such a manner that regard for my country obliged me to ride to him and beg him to retire.’ And in the longer account of which these words are a part, my friends, not a suggestion can be found or guessed of the added peril which the writer himself freely braved in the efforts to remove his Chief from danger.

“This hasty and inadequate resumé of his service in the first two years of the Revolution brings us to the great military operation of which he was the chief and on which will always rest much of his fame—the investment of Rhode Island and the series of movements of which the State and coast of Rhode Island formed the picturesque theater.

“The enterprise was a favorite one with Washington, who hoped, indeed, that it would emphasize the French alliance at the outset by an overwhelming and successful effect of an attack on the British army almost within the sound of our voices. Its success was very dear to Washington’s heart, and for it he chose three officers perhaps more closely in his confidence and affection than any others in the Revolutionary Army. Sullivan was in chief command, with Greene and Lafayette as equal subordinate assistants, each having a division comprising as nearly as possible half of the army.

“The plan of operations had been agreed upon between Washington and the French Commander, and the conflict was laid out to be, as it should have been, the first great effort of the allied French and American forces against the British army of invasion.

“I am speaking to an audience whose youngest members should and probably do know more of the details of these military movements than I can ever hope to know.

“From first to last, down to the finest particular of necessary prevision, General Sullivan was more than ready. All that a commander could do to insure success, he had accomplished so well that the only criticism made of his actions was that he had seized the British works opposite the north end of the island one day ahead of time. At this, the French General who had expected a joint attack to be made the next day professed to believe his notions of military etiquette had been shocked, but, as no harm resulted and a distinct gain in time had been effected, he had small foundation for his complaint, which was soon practically abandoned.

“There had been an excellent opportunity to make the joint undertaking 43a magnificent success. If, as is now apparent, the attack had been made in the latter part of July as it might easily have been in view of Sullivan’s perfect preparations and the presence of the French fleet, it is probable that the war would have reached a complete and glorious close almost within sight of the ground upon which we stand today. Postponed as it was from day to day until August 10th, the British were given time to reinforce their fleet, hasten it to Newport, and there engage the French fleet in dilatory manœuvering which used up days of precious time and completely dissipated all hope of substantial assistance from the French warships. The expected, or that which should have been expected by the naval commanders, soon happened; many of us who have spent much time around here would have expected it to happen.

“About the twentieth of August, one of those storms for which the region of Point Judith is famous, set in with almost unexampled fury. Land and water forces were alike put out of condition for offensive or defensive operations. The French fleet limped away to Boston to refit, and Sullivan, deeply chagrined at the utter failure of his naval auxiliaries to render any assistance, set to work to protect his army and extricate it from a position made perilous by the departure of its entire marine support and the consequent desertion of most of his militia.

“The story of his great achievement in retiring his entire force in the face of a vastly superior English army, of the masterly retreat covered by his most skilfully selected position at Butts Hill, as I believe it is called—as to its proper name, I shall not attempt to correct a Rhode Island audience—a retreat effected finally so completely that not a man was left behind and not a single article lost, while, in the course of that retreat, signal and marked punishment was inflicted upon the British army, will ever read like a romance of model leadership, and, if General John Sullivan had no other memory, my friends, than of what he did within a radius of sixty miles of this Capitol, his fame could be no less great and no less enduring than it is, and, what is more, would be richly deserved.

“Thus briefly, as becomes my scanty time, I have sketched the work of John Sullivan to the close of 1778. I have not made the motive of my story clear if it has not already appeared that this man was greater in the hour of undeserved disappointment than most men in the exaltation of victory. Again and again, the fruits of deserved 44and brilliant success were held to his lips, only to be dashed away by the folly of the foibles of some weaker spirit necessarily entangled in his plans. Yet never for an instant did he yield to the despair and mortification which would have sunk less noble souls. Each disappointment seemed to but nerve him to stronger and more brilliant efforts. And herein, my friends, to my mind, is illustrated and should be made prominent one grand characteristic which we have taken from the noble Irish race. The patience under disappointment which Major General John Sullivan illustrates, the patience under disappointment which again and again was manifestly the fault of men to whom he never gave a word of rebuke or complaint, the steadfast iron determination with which he set to work instantly to repair the ruin that some, associated in common with him, had wrought, is the brightest leaf in the chaplet which America has put upon his grave.

“It is an honor to belong to that grand old race, aye, even to hold one drop of Irish blood in your veins, but, good friends all, with or without it, I am proud to testify to what Irish friendship, Irish loyalty and the matchless Irish courage can do. No man ever knew as I have known what Irish friendship is, no man ever knew as I have known what Irish hospitality is, no man ever knew as I have known what Irish loyalty and patience is, without bowing in humble respect to it, whether he drew his blood from France or from Russia, from America or from England, each one of which owes Ireland a measureless debt. And all who love truth in history and gratitude for priceless gifts received, will urge your Society onward every day and hour you labor in the work you have so well begun till every heroic son of this great line who has helped to build the fabric of American liberty shall have his rightful place in history and the laurels he has fairly won.

“I have now come to that which, in justice to Major General John Sullivan, I think should be related. I shall ask you to turn from the beautiful State in which you live to that far off region of beauty in which I have the honor to hold my home. In 1778 occurred in Wyoming that awful massacre whose horrors yet ring in the history of our country and in the hearts of the descendants of those who lost part of their families, who lost limb, who lost health, who were maimed, in that most horrible of savage invasions. Early in 1779 Congress, representing a country which had been 45shocked to the limit by those terrible outrages, passed a resolution of unlimited vigor, calling upon Washington to arrange for their punishment. It was suggested at first to Washington that General Gates should have the command, but Washington, whose knowledge of Indian warfare was complete, wanted General Sullivan, and to that officer was entrusted the conduct of that great fight.

“In the history of Indian warfare in this country there is nothing more successful, more thoroughly creditable to the commanding officer, than the history of what General John Sullivan and his command did in the then wilderness reaching from Wyoming to the Genesee; and today, think of him what you may, build to him tablets as beautiful as this, recall his manifestly skilful work in the State where you stand, and you cannot accord to him one half the veneration and the love which the citizens of the counties around me, now a million in number, feel towards General John Sullivan for the work which opened up that magnificent line of valleys unequalled in their fertility, and whose line of bordering hills to this day, one hundred and thirty years after, is resounding with thanksgiving and praise for what General John Sullivan did there.

“Every morning when I look out of my window in the far distance I can see in the battlefield which decided the ownership of that region a tall and stately monument built by private subscription to General Sullivan, to commemorate his work on that bloody day, and just below it stands a magnificent marker of granite, placed there by the Sons of the American Revolution to mark the very center of the conflict which took those valleys away from the possession of the Indians and turned them over to civilization and happy and peaceful occupation; and those who know the iron will and determined character of John Sullivan know, as we do, that when he got through with the Indians and their worthless white associates they had no more thirst for blood. Sullivan served notice on them and carried it out that if there was any more blood shed in that part of the country the Indians would furnish the blood.

“So perhaps, in an humble way, I have alluded to that feature of Sullivans’ life—his closing campaign, which identifies him with Northern Pennsylvania and Central New York.

“With the close of the campaign of 1779, which may be said to have terminated his military career, General Sullivan resigned his commission and retired from the army. The constant strain of five 46years almost constantly in active and perilous service had wrecked a constitution never of the strongest, and he felt he had given all of his life and strength to the cause of Independence.

“His resignation was accepted with profound regret, although it was universally felt that the reasons for his retirement were imperative. Although he lived for fifteen years after his resignation, his health was not robust and he died in 1795 at the early age of fifty-four, universally admired and lamented. He had, however, no sooner left the army than his brilliant legal and forensic talent was seized upon, for such services to the country as his health would permit, in the legislative halls of the nation, the executive chair of his own State, and later upon the Federal Bench.

“In 1780–1781 he was a delegate to Congress. In 1782 he was appointed the Attorney-General of New Hampshire and was re-appointed to that office on the adoption of the new constitution of that State in 1784.

“In 1786–1787 he was President and Chief Magistrate of the State of New Hampshire, an office equivalent to that of Governor at the present time.

“In 1788 he was speaker of the House of Representatives of New Hampshire and President of the Convention that ratified the Constitution of the United States.

“In 1789 he was a presidential elector and voted for General Washington for President of the United States, and in March of the same year he was elected Chief Magistrate of the State for the third time.

“Later in 1789 he was appointed by Washington, his affectionate friend and admirer during his whole life, as Judge of the United States District Court of New Hampshire, an office which he held with honor to himself and the Judiciary until his death in January, 1795.

“I have thus briefly sketched the outline of a life which deserves an autobiography perfect in every detail and of the highest grade. History shows this man in more varied and brilliant lines than almost any character in Revolutionary annals. Consider him, my friends, as a young lawyer, prompt, keen, resourceful and competent, and you have a model of early professional life. Mark him as an active officer of the line, reckless of danger, ready to dare all that could be dared, willing to do all that he had dared. Mark him again as a commanding general, reliable, faithful, prudent and dauntless, unswerved by passion, unstained by chagrin, unmarred by envy and uninfluenced by clamor, steady and well-poised in the hour of peril or in a moment of undeserved injustice. Consider him again, my friends, when after years of fierce combat he is chosen for the command of such an expedition as I have indicated, which needs great skill in combination and with such resources in provision for the needs of a frontier army that his success seems impossible.

HON. THOMAS H. CARTER.

United States Senator from Montana.

One of the Founders of the Society.

47“And here let me digest for a moment words which, in my own hearing, fell from the lips of the distinguished General Slocum, speaking of General Sullivan’s great Indian campaign in the presence of General Sherman thirty years ago on the one hundreth anniversary of the same. General Slocum said:

“‘As I have sat listening to the speeches today, I have drawn a parallel between those two expeditions. Sherman’s march was the longer of the two, but, in many respects, he had greater advantages. While he had a great distance to travel he had roads made for him by the enemy; he had his produce brought by mule trains; while General Sullivan made his march through trackless woods and carried his provisions upon the backs of his soldiers. Sherman had good arms; General Sullivan had the old flintlock musket. But after all, the spirit which prompted both expeditions was the same. It was bold and daring, and, although there was no great loss of life in either, yet the results of both were far greater than many battles in which lives by the thousand and tens of thousands were lost.’

“And on the same occasion—it is my excuse for quotations, my friends, that I want you to hear these words from two of the greatest Generals we have ever known—on the same occasion, remembering then, as we remember today, how unjustly General Sullivan was at one time criticised for the harshness of his treatment of the Indians on the Susquehanna expedition, remembering, too, that he suffered these criticisms in silence rather than to lay the blame upon his beloved Chief, Washington, who had given him the orders which were condemned, I quote from the words of General Sherman, spoken also in my hearing on the same occasion:

“‘Our fathers, when they first landed upon this continent, came to found an empire, based upon new principles, and all opposition to it had to pass away, whether it were English or French on the north, or Indians on the west; and no one knew it better than our father, 48Washington. He gave General Sullivan orders to come here and punish the Six Nations for their cruel massacre in the valley of Wyoming, and to make it so severe that it would not occur again. And he did so. General Sullivan obeyed his orders like a man and like a soldier, and the result was from that time forward your people settled up these beautiful valleys around here, and look at their descendants here, a million almost. If it had not been for General Sullivan and the men who followed him from Easton, and Clinton’s forces that came across from Albany, probably some of you would not have been here today.’

“I still read: ‘Battles are not measured by their death roll, but by their results, and it makes no difference whether one man was killed or five hundred if the same result follows. This valley was opened to civilization. It came on the heels of General Sullivan’s army, and has gone on and gone on until today. The same battle is raging upon the Yellow Stone. The same men endowed by the same feelings that General Sullivan’s army had today are contending with the same causes and the same races two thousand miles west of here, not for the purpose of killing, not for the purpose of shedding blood, not for the purpose of doing wrong at all, but to prepare the way for that civilization which must go along wherever yonder flag floats.’

“It might be thought perhaps, my friends, that this rehearsal of the opinions of General Sherman and General Slocum, two of the greatest military leaders of our country, might have been more properly used here than on the dedication of a tablet somewhat, in its scope as a memorial, limited to your own State, but it has been my purpose, my friends, to illustrate General Sullivan as one of the most admirable representatives of his race; and when I have set before you a parallel drawn in the presence of General Sherman himself between the difficulties and the success of Sullivan’s march from Wyoming to the Genesee and Sherman’s own march to the sea, and have given you the opinions of both General Sherman and General Slocum, I have illustrated my proposition that of all the debts which America owes to Ireland, God bless her, General John Sullivan, in his varied talents, in that which he accomplished, in every spot and place in which we put him, is entitled to rank with the noblest and purest contribution which we, in America, have from the grand old Irish race.

49“My friends, my words are in substance ended. I have detained you longer than I meant to, but they who live around me could have told you that you have only to mention the name and memory of Major-General John Sullivan to set going any thoughtful student of American history who lives in the magnificent valleys of the Susquehanna, the Wyoming, and the Genesee. What we owe to this man we can never repay.

“I am proud and happy to have been allowed to participate in the unveiling of such a tribute as this. As I said at the outset, I hope the day will come when every State House in this land will have one, and yet, when I think of what he was and what we owe him, I feel that no monument can make him greater than he is in the affections of our people a hundred and thirty years after his death. And yet I am proud for our own sake, for the uplifting of our own people, that we have thus recognized that which we know of his worth. I might have spoken in his behalf with truth the words of the great Roman: ‘Exegi monumentum aere perennius’—‘I have builded a monument more enduring than brass.’”

Former Governor Lippitt was the next speaker, introduced by the Chairman as follows: “One of our invited guests, representing the Society of the Cincinnati, is obliged to go to a neighboring city within the next hour to deliver an address, and we will not have the pleasure of his company at our luncheon or the benefit of any words from him afterwards. I will therefore introduce him at once.

“As General Sullivan was one of the original members of the Society of the Cincinnati, it is singularly fitting that we call on an honored Rhode Islander, whose father as well as himself has served the state as Governor, and whose devotion to the history and affairs of the commonwealth has given him a well deserved position as an authority on his subject.

“It gives me great pleasure to introduce Hon. Charles Warren Lippitt, ex-Governor of Rhode Island.”

“Mr. Chairman, Members of the American Irish Historical Society, Ladies and Gentlemen: I feel surprised at finding myself somewhat unexpectedly in this position, but will try to aid in honoring this occasion.

“Veneration for General Sullivan, for his services on the Island of Rhode Island, and for his noble victory, has always been mine. That he was of Irish extraction, and that his ancestors, like those 50of all the rest of us who are not descended from Indians, emigrated from a home land to this new country in the western hemisphere, is well known. My descent is from the English, with a strain of the French and the German races rather than from the Irish. No one in any way familiar with American history can hesitate an instant in according to the Hibernians the honor of many noble actions and the respect due to sacrifice of untold value, in every emergency of our common country.

“General Sullivan came of a sturdy race. His father was born during the siege of Limerick, away back in 1691, of such good stock that he outlived the century and did not pass away until 1796, at the age of one hundred and five. It was his son that gave so much of his life and energy, his intelligence and ability, to the cause of American freedom. That he served with distinction in the Continental Army goes without question. That he was at Trenton the night before Christmas and aided in the defeat and capture of that hated Hessian contingent that had been marauding up and down New Jersey is also an established fact. It is equally true that with the three Rhode Island regiments, forming a material part of Washington’s army, he braved the elements in that historic night march from Trenton to Princeton, fought the next morning in the battle of Princeton, and successfully assisted in driving Cornwallis out of New Jersey. It was the crisis of the Revolution. In that time of stress and doubt John Sullivan, the descendant of an Irishman, like so many others of his race, stood shoulder to shoulder with the descendants of the English and the French in securing for us and the millions that have inhabited this land the priceless privileges of liberty.

“His course in the Genesee Valley and the very proper punishment he administered to the savages who committed the horrible massacre at Wyoming has been eloquently traced. His campaign in Rhode Island has, perhaps, been studied in rather more detail in this neighborhood than in other parts of the country.

“History records and practically every American schoolboy can tell how the Americans fought at the battle of Bunker Hill. Wherever the Revolution is known there is an intimate knowledge of that great conflict. We all of us glory in its story, and remember with gratitude and sympathy the bravery of those untrained patriots who administered such a fearful blow to British power and prestige.

“Compare for a moment the battle on Rhode Island and the results 51secured by Sullivan’s generalship with the circumstances and the issue on that hill near Boston. The loss of the English at Bunker Hill was 1,054 men, that of the Americans 449. Until the British entered the redoubt, the Americans fought behind entrenchments. In the third attack the British captured the redoubt, drove the Americans from the hill, and retained undisputed control of the battlefield.

“In the campaign on Rhode Island the inability of the French to control the sea obliged the Americans to retire to Butts Hill. In the valley separating it from Quaker, Turkey and Anthony hills, immediately south, a battle was fought, not behind entrenchments, but in the broad open, where each army had equal advantages and success was won by brilliant tactics and skill and spirit in using weapons. In the retreat and in the battle between the nearby Rhode Island hills, the English lost 1,023 and the Americans 211. After repulsing two vigorously and pertinaciously pressed charges of the English army, the Americans were obliged in the early afternoon to face a last violent onset that almost broke the right wing of Sullivan’s army under the immediate command of General Greene. Jackson’s regiment connected with Colonel Livingston’s detachment, that had contested during the early morning the British advance up the island, after a needed rest on the north side of Butts hill were marched around the rear of the army, by Sullivan’s direction, to the extreme right of General Greene’s command. The British and Hessians charged down the slope of Anthony hill and were met in the valley by Greene’s somewhat exhausted forces. It was the final struggle for victory. At this critical moment Colonel Livingston led Jackson’s regiment, using the cold steel, in a fierce onslaught against the enemy’s flank that gave the British the final blow and sent them scurrying up the slope of Anthony hill to their entrenchments on the top. The Americans, closely following the flying foe, captured Brady’s battery as an evidence of their victory.

“The Americans maintained absolute control of the battlefield. Colonel Campbell of the Twenty-Second British Regiment sent to General Sullivan the day after the battle and asked permission to search among the dead for the body of his nephew, who had been killed the day before by his side, but whose body he could not remove they were so closely pursued.

“The Battle of Rhode Island was a gratifying success for the 52Americans. Victory was due to the skill, the intelligence, the courage and the audacity of General Sullivan, and to his brave officers and men. Lafayette characterized it as ‘the best fought action of the war,’ and the statement accords the highest compliment to the military skill of General John Sullivan.

“It is a great pleasure to participate with so many friends in expressing our high appreciation of the services of Sullivan that have been so adequately and happily recognized by the American Irish Historical Society. It is an intense gratification to contemplate the success of these ceremonies and to sincerely join in congratulation and in commendation of efforts that have resulted in adorning this noble State House with this beautiful, substantial and enduring tablet to our heroic dead.”

President-General Quinlan of the Society was then introduced by the Chairman, as follows: “I have the pleasure now to call upon the President-General of the American Irish Historical Society, under whose careful and enthusiastic administration it has been possible to erect and dedicate this tablet. There never has been a time when his efforts, his energy, and all his powers were not at our disposal. There never has been a time when we have called on him for anything since the memorial has been under way that he has not promptly and vigorously responded. I have the great honor of introducing to you, ladies and gentlemen, our President-General, Francis J. Quinlan, M. D., L. L. D., of New York City.”

President-General Quinlan said:

“Mr. Chairman, your Excellency, Mr. Mayor, Ladies and Gentlemen: Before I attempt to say a few words in honor of the auspicious event of this day, I will take occasion to render the tribute of my personal thanks and of the collective thanks of our Society to the distinguished assemblage gathered here to do honor to our illustrious hero by the loyal support of their presence.

“I take occasion, first of all, to thank the Ex-Governors, the present Governor, the Governor-elect, and the Department of the G. A. R., an association that to me is representative of the rarest and choicest texture of the loom of American Independence. (I would rather wear their button than be decorated by one hundred kings.) To those who represent the Society of Colonial Wars I extend my heartfelt thanks for their presence. To the Daughters of the American 53Revolution and to the distinguished Sons, as well as to the Sons of Veterans and also the illustrious Society whose early achievements in this country need no word of commendation from me,—the Society of the Cincinnati,—to them and to their representatives I extend my thanks and my greetings. To the Rhode Island Citizens’ Historical Association I also offer welcome. To those who are associated with none, but whose attendance is due to their interest in these exercises, I am thankful for their presence here today.

“Now, ladies and gentlemen, you have heard the stirring notes of welcome that have rung out in this beautiful building, the tributes that have been paid by those gentlemen, one of them with a line of nine generations of pure and unsullied English blood. What further tribute do we need, what other ratification or emphasis do we require than that which comes from one whose nation held us in subjugation, with its heel of tyranny upon our neck, for seven hundred years, when this offspring, eager to forget past enmities, frankly tells us in tones of eloquence that the Irish have been and always will remain loyal and true and constant and devoted to every cause they espouse! We need but little further argument to justify our existence, but it behooves me, on an occasion of this kind, not apologetically, but in bold words, to explain the purpose of the American Irish Historical Society.

“It has been truly said by the Chairman of this meeting that this Society was born in the City of Boston in the year 1897, for the study of American history generally, as well as to trace the immigration of the people of Ireland to this country, to correct erroneous and distorted views of history in relation to the Irish people in America, and to encourage and promote the formation of local associations in American cities and towns as aids in the work of the parent Society. These purposes have been so enlarged upon by the Chairman that they need no word of encouragement from me.

“You know that the tide of immigration turned to this country in the last century. Irish people haven’t always been immigrants. Nine hundred years before Columbus set sail from Palos, Spain, a bishop of the old faith named Brendan left his home in Galway, sailed over the sea, visited Iceland and Greenland, and there are today evidences of this man’s presence in Delaware and Virginia—nine hundred years before Columbus set foot on this continent. Even in the very crew which made up the contingent in Columbus’ navy 54which manned the three ships there was one to whom, when Columbus left, he gave the custody of one of those ships, and this man’s record proves he was an Irishman, William Ayer of Galway. We have historical facts; they cannot be gainsaid; they stand out in bas-relief today; the story is plain and intelligent men accept it.

“Immigration! Do you know that as the years have gone by they have witnessed immigration from many lands? Germany has furnished us with some of the best bone and sinew of its country. England, through her unwise laws, through her erring principles of justice, exacted from the Irish people something that they would not give—taxation without representation, and surrender of civic and religious liberty. Deprived of everything that men in common hold dear, deprived of education, of religious worship, they were driven from the shores of Ireland and found the arms of Columbia extended and ready to receive them as children. We came here, and we thank England for sending us here. If it hadn’t been for the conditions of a hundred and fifty years ago, we might be toiling there today. It is a wise Providence that directs and overrules conditions. We came, and this asylum was beautiful, the flag of freedom and union waved for us, everything was lovely compared with what we had left behind. Friends and kindred, religion and society grew up within our own experiences. The warm heart of the Irishman broadened; he grew, and when the country rang out the alarm, when the country announced that it was menaced with danger, in that Irish boy’s ears rang the traditions and the wrongs of ages. He buckled on his belt; he took down the flintlock from the wall; he marched forward anywhere, everywhere, under the command of Washington and Sullivan,—Washington, the ideal, and Sullivan, the son of an Irish exile. These were the traits exhibited.

“‘Theirs not to reason why—not to make reply—but to do and die.’ These men made it possible for you and for me to live to enjoy the conditions of today, to be here in this temple of local pride.

“I am reminded of the story so beautifully told in Roman history of the mother who once paid a visit to a wealthy matron of that glorious republic so many centuries ago. After dinner the matron said, ‘Now I must show you my beautiful jewels.’ They were carefully guarded, but she displayed them to the eyes of her visitor, and then remarked, ‘You must show me your jewels when I go to your house.’ In turn she called upon the mother, and stayed a little longer than 55is usual, awaiting the exhibition of jewels. Finally she inquired, ‘Have you forgotten to show me your jewels?’ ‘Oh, no,’ the mother replied. ‘Come this way,’ and as she threw open a door five beautiful children were revealed. ‘These,’ she exclaimed, ‘are my jewels.’

“People of Rhode Island, these noble patriots and these scarred flags are your sacred jewels. Guard their memory, defend it, and, as your blood has the rich central vein of patriotism, so sacrifice all you have to keep these jewels sacredly enshrined in your hearts forever.

“I would that Sullivan could get a day’s leave from his sacred parole. I would that he could come back to us today, that he might obtain from the St. Gabriel of St. Peter’s Gate a day’s leave of absence to look at these pillars and to gaze about these corridors. We almost hear the whisper, can almost note the footfall of a strange presence here. It is the spirit of the Revolutionary hero that communes with us; it is the lofty emotion that emanates from him, though unseen, and which commends our spirit of patriotism and ratifies our act, not to him individually but to the noble band of which he was Captain.

“This is a great day for Rhode Island. This is a great day for America, because this afternoon and tomorrow the wave of thought that is ours will extend beyond us and be carried everywhere to receptive minds. The sunlight will dash it into every possible nook and corner of the land; the rivers will take it down to the Mexican slope; the whole country will vibrate with it. You who know the history of the man we honor, cherish it in your memory, and when you recall these exercises, congratulate yourself that in assisting at them you have fulfilled a duty; one and all, you have paid the homage of a great and noble State.

“One moment more, my friends. I have tarried long. This page stands out alone in the history of this Society of which I have the honor and rare privilege of being the Executive. Ladies and gentlemen, that Society has one purpose; that purpose is written between the lines of today’s event. We want to know the men who have lived, who have fought, who have bled, who have given everything to the cause of the American people. We want to record their deeds in order that the womb of the future may bring forth a race, generations distant from us, that will stand up and say, ‘I, too, am Irish, although I have six generations separating me from that blood,’ 56a race that will cherish everything Irish and will extend the open hand of welcome to everyone who bears the hall mark of Ireland, whether his religion be Catholic or Protestant.

“We are broad, we are honest, we are liberal. We want to attack no man, but when we peruse the pages of American history, when we turn over volume after volume, chapter after chapter, page after page, and search paragraph after paragraph, line after line, syllable after syllable, and see no recognition of the services of Irishmen, our hearts bleed because the omission is culpable and not due to the fact that the historian could find no achievements to make good his lines.

“We claim our place in this Republic. We have sacrificed everything in the world for it. We would go further tomorrow and pledge every security, sever ourselves from home, to protect our freedom and these flags. The United States is ours, whether on the shores of California, Maine, Texas, or Washington. There is one freedom, one brotherhood of man.

“I could detain you longer, friends, but the time allotted me forbids. I have lingered longer than I should, but I know of no sentiment with which I might more fittingly conclude than that of one of your great New England worthies, the man who is enshrined in the sanctuary of your hearts, John Boyle O’Reilly. He says, in his own peculiar but grand way:

At the conclusion of Doctor Quinlan’s address the Chairman declared the ceremonies of dedication over, thanking all those present for their attendance.

The several organizations were represented at the dedication as follows: Society of the Cincinnati, Ex-Governor Charles Warren Lippitt, Ex-Governor George H. Utter, Hon. William Page Sheffield, Edward Aborn Greene, George Humphrey, Thomas A. Peirce, Rev. Daniel Goodwin; Society of Colonial Wars, Henry B. Rose, 57Gen. Hunter C. White, Hon. John T. Blodgett, Prof. Wilfred H. Munro, E. A. Burlingame and George C. Nightingale; Daughters of the American Revolution, Miss Mary A. Greene, Mrs. Charles Warren Lippitt; Rhode Island Citizens’ Historical Association, T. W. Bicknell, H. A. Atkins, A. L. Anthony, Ellen R. Jolly, Caroline A. Weeden, Mrs. Lyons Delaney, B. L. Dennis, Francis Gallagher, Elizabeth Doyle, J. H. Foster, John R. Richmond, Elizabeth Halton, C. H. Eddy and Mrs. R. B. P. Tingley; Rhode Island Historical Society, Professor Munro, Amasa M. Eaton, Robert P. Brown and Clarence S. Brigham. Among others present were: Dr. Francis J. Quinlan of New York, D. H. Tierney of Waterbury, Conn., John J. Linehan, Worcester, Bernard J. Joyce of Boston, Michael J. Jordan of Boston, Edmund O’Keefe of New Bedford, John F. Hurley, Mayor, of Salem, Mass., Patrick H. Powers of Boston, John Morgan of New York, Augustin H. Morgan of New York, P. F. Magrath of Binghamton, N. Y., T. B. Fitzpatrick of Brookline, Mass., Michael F. Dooley, Frederick Roy Martin, Dr. James E. Sullivan, Col. James H. McGann, Col. James C. Moran, Michael W. Norton, John F. O’Connell, Patrick Carter, M. S. Dwyer, John McManus, Barnard McCaughey, William L. Wood, both of Pawtucket; Gen. Charles R. Brayton, Col. Frank T. Sibley, Mrs. Chadwick, wife of Admiral F. E. Chadwick; Mrs. James Chadwick, James C. Collins, Gen. Elisha H. Rhodes, T. M. O’Reilly, Frederick H. Jackson, Rev. Austin Dowling, Col. J. Edward Studley, Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Chandler, Mary A. Darling, Benjamin L. Dennis, General Treasurer Walter A. Read, Secretary of States Charles P. Bennett, Attorney-General William B. Greenough, Mayor-elect Henry Fletcher, Judge Elmer J. Rathbun, John Dunn, Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture; Hugh J. Carroll, Mr. and Mrs. Albert G. Chaffee, John F. McAlevy, Thomas E. Maloney, V. S., Fall River; Benjamin L. Dennis, Mrs. Doyle, William J. Feeley, Walter H. Barney, Dr. M. H. Sullivan of Lawrence, Mass., Dr. Michael F. Kelly of Fall River and Frank Carter.

At the termination of the exercises at the State House the Society and its guests proceeded to the Narragansett Hotel for luncheon. Chairman Lee acted as toastmaster, and speeches of an appropriate nature were made by the following: Gen. Charles R. Brayton, representing the National Encampment, G. A. R.; Hon. John F. O’Connell; Prof. Wilfred H. Munro of Brown University, President of the Rhode Island Historical Society; Hon. Walter H. Barney, representing the Rhode Island Bar; Judge Livingston Scott, whose wife is a direct descendant of General Sullivan; Hon. Thomas Williams Bicknell, President of the Rhode Island Citizens’ Historical Association; Mrs. Ellen Ryan Jolly, President of the Ladies’ Auxiliary, A. O. H.; Gen. Elisha H. Rhodes, representing the Rhode Island G. A. R. and the Military Order of the Loyal Legion; Hon. John H. Hurley, Mayor of Salem, Mass.; and John G. Hardy, the sculptor who designed and executed the memorial.

Judge Scott during his address read the following original letter to Gen. Sullivan from President Washington:

“Sir: I have the pleasure to enclose to you a commission as Judge of the United States for the District of New Hampshire, to which office I have nominated, and by and with advice and consent of the Senate, appoint you. In my nomination of persons to fill office in the Judicial Department, I have been guided by the importance of the object, considering it of the first magnitude and the pillar upon which our political fabric must rest.

“I have endeavored to bring into the high offices of its administration such characters as will give stability and dignity to our national Government; and I persuade myself that they will discover a due desire to promote the happiness of our Country by a ready acceptance of their several appointments. The laws which have passed relative to your office accompany the Commission.

59The Committee having in charge the erection and dedication of the memorial were: Thomas Zanslaur Lee, Chairman; Patrick J. McCarthy, Secretary; Michael F. Dooley, Treasurer; Patrick Carter, James E. Sullivan, William P. Dempsey, James Murphy, Francis I. McCanna, William J. Feeley, Bernard McCaughey, Patrick E. Hayes, John McManus, James Moran, John F. O’Connell, James H. McGann, Rev. Austin Dowling, James H. Hurley, John F. McAlevy, James T. Egan.

The entire proceedings at the dedication were reported verbatim by Miss Viola Follis, the official stenographer for the Society, and hence we are able to print the excellent orations in full.

At the conclusion of the post-prandial exercises a special meeting of the Society was held at headquarters, President-General Quinlan presiding.

A vote of thanks was tendered Col. David C. Robinson for his efficient services in behalf of the Society.

It was voted that the thanks of the Society be extended Mr. Michael W. Norton for the use of his automobiles and carriages to transport members and guests to and from the State House, and in special recognition of Mr. Norton’s kindness the President-General appointed him chairman of the Reception Committee to be on duty at the White House at Washington January 16, 1909, when President Roosevelt gives a reception to the Society.

The acting Secretary-General was directed to extend Colonel Robinson the Society’s invitation to be its guest at the Annual Dinner and President Roosevelt’s reception at Washington.

Following is the circular letter which was sent to members of the Society, informing them of the plans for the dedicatory exercises:

The committee of the American Irish Historical Society having in charge the erection and dedication of the Major-General John Sullivan Memorial in Rhode Island beg to announce that the dedication will take place in the Rhode Island State House, Wednesday, December 16, 1908, at twelve o’clock noon.

The principal address will be delivered by Colonel David C. Robinson, through whose efforts an appropriation of ten thousand dollars for a monument to General Sullivan in the State of New York was obtained, and whose knowledge of historical events of the Revolutionary War is most extensive.

Delegations will be in attendance from the following organizations: Rhode Island Historical Society, Rhode Island Division Sons of Veterans, Daughters of the American Revolution, Society of the Colonial Wars, Society of the Cincinnati, and Rhode Island Citizens Historical Association.

Invitations have been extended to the Department Commander and Staff of the G. A. R., General Tanner and staff of the Rhode Island National Guard, Hon. James H. Higgins, Governor of Rhode Island, Hon. Aram J. Pothier, Governor-elect of Rhode Island, and other State officers.

The Society’s headquarters will be at the Narragansett Hotel, where proper provision will be made for the reception and entertainment of members and guests during the day.

Shortly before twelve o’clock, the hour of dedication, the Society and guests will go in a body to the State House, a short distance from the hotel, where provision has been made for ample and comfortable seating of all. After the exercises, which are planned to 61last probably an hour and half, we will return to the Narragansett Hotel, where luncheon will be served, at which there will be several interesting addresses. Price of tickets, $1.50, which may be obtained from the Secretary-General or the Entertainment Committee.

This is an affair of great importance to the American Irish Historical Society, and we earnestly hope every member will be present.

Send back enclosed postal if you intend to be present so we will know how many to provide for.

It having been voted at the annual meeting at New York January 29, 1908, to hold the next annual meeting at Washington, D. C.; the Executive Council at a well-attended meeting thereof held at the residence of the President-General, December 5, 1908, considered the necessary arrangements, and resolved to make this event a notable one in the Society’s history. A committee previously appointed by the President-General to confer with Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, and ascertain his pleasure as to a reception to the Society and attendance later at the dinner, reported that owing to pressure of official business President Roosevelt would be unable to attend the Society’s dinner, but would be pleased to meet his fellow-members at the White House and there make a short address.

In accordance with the instruction of the Executive Council the Secretary-General opened correspondence with Mr. William Loeb, Jr., Secretary to President Roosevelt, and the details of the reception were promptly arranged.

President-General Quinlan thereupon appointed a Reception Committee to officiate at the White House and afterwards be on duty at the Society’s headquarters in Washington, and a Dinner Committee to arrange all the details of the annual banquet.

The appointees on these committees appear in the circular letter which follows.

The Dinner Committee carefully looked over the available places in Washington suitable for the annual banquet, and decided upon the Hotel Raleigh as most desirable, not only for this purpose but also for the headquarters of the Society.

Mr. Thomas J. Talty, the manager of the Hotel Raleigh, extended the Committee every courtesy and made their work in the Society’s behalf easy and pleasant.

HON. EDWARD J. McGUIRE. LL. B.,

New York City.

Member of the Executive Council.

63As soon as all necessary details were completed, the following circular letter to members was issued:

Program for Annual Meeting, Reception to the Society by the President of the United States, and Annual Banquet at Washington, D. C., January 16, 1909.

Our fellow-member, Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, will receive the Society at the White House at 2.30 p. m. Secretary Loeb requests us to be on time and provide each member with a card of identification. Such a card is enclosed and must be presented to the doorkeeper at the White House. Ladies and guests may accompany members, and tickets for them can be obtained from the Acting Secretary-General upon application of any member by mail or on the day of the Reception.

Members whose convenience will permit will leave New York Saturday morning, January 16, 1909, from West 23d Street station at 7.50 a. m., or from Liberty Street station at 8 a. m., to take the Royal Blue Line train leaving Jersey City at 8.12 a. m., arriving in Washington at 1.12 p. m. Reduced round trip rates have been arranged for on this line, a dining-car will be attached for our comfort and convenience, and this is the only train landing us in Washington in time to get to our quarters at the hotel and be in season for the President’s Reception.

Immediately after the President’s Reception, the annual meeting of the Society will be held in the parlors of the Hotel Raleigh, where the Society’s headquarters will be established, for the election of officers for the ensuing year, the receiving and acting upon resolutions on the death of several prominent members of the Society, including our deeply-lamented Secretary-General, and the transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting. The resolutions and eulogies to be offered are of a high order.

At the termination of the business meeting, opportunity will be given to visit the capitol, Congressional Library, public buildings, historical societies, and other points of interest in Washington.

The tickets for the dinner are $5.00 each and may be obtained from the Acting Secretary-General, whose address is below. It is very important that we know exactly how many members are to be present, and you are earnestly requested to send your remittance for tickets promptly so that we may notify Mr. Talty of the Hotel Raleigh how many he may expect. Members may invite guests at the same price per ticket.

The Reception to the members of the Society by its officers will take place in the parlors of the Hotel Raleigh at 6.30 p. m., and this will be an excellent opportunity for exchange of good fellowship with the new members, nearly one hundred and fifty of whom have been elected during the past year. The Reception Committee, consisting of Michael W. Norton, Esq., of Rhode Island, 64Hon. John D. Crimmins of New York, Hon. Joseph Geoghegan of Utah, Patrick F. Magrath, Esq., of New York, Hon. John F. O’Connell of Rhode Island, Dr. M. F. Sullivan of Massachusetts, Bernard J. Joyce, Esq., of Massachusetts, Patrick Carter, Esq., of Rhode Island, T. Vincent Butler, Esq., of New York, John J. Daly, Esq., of New York, Gen. D. F. Collins of New Jersey, Francis I. McCanna, Esq., of Rhode Island, Hon. Alexander C. Eustace of New York, Hon. Thomas J. Lynch of Maine, Gen. John R. McGinness of Virginia, and Hon. Thomas M. Waller of Connecticut, will be in attendance during the day to do everything possible to make it a pleasant occasion for the members.

At seven o’clock the annual dinner will take place. It will be in charge of the Dinner Committee, consisting of Hon. Edward A. Moseley, chairman; Rear Admiral John McGowan, these two former Presidents-General of the Society; Michael F. Dooley, Esq., Treasurer-General; Hon. Lawrence O. Murray and Patrick J. Haltigan, Esq.

An elaborate menu, excellent music and extensive floral decorations have been provided, and the principal speakers at the post-prandial exercises and their toasts will be as follows:

“A Capitol Welcome,” Hon. Thomas H. Carter, U. S. Senator from Montana.

“Irish Pioneers of New York,” Hon. Victor J. Dowling, Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York.

“The Irish Pioneers of the West and Their Descendants,” Hon. Maurice T. Moloney, ex-Attorney General of Illinois.

“Advantages of Historical Research to Irish Americans,” Hon. Robert J. Gamble, United States Senator from South Dakota.

Other addresses will follow if time permits.

Our list of guests is headed by Hon. Edward D. White of Louisiana, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and will include many notable men.

Please send in your replies as early as possible. The seats at the table will be allotted members and guests in the order in which the applications are received. The officers of the Society earnestly request the attendance of every member who can make it possible to come, because it is desired to make an excellent showing in Washington and thus bring the Society and its work more successfully to the attention of all the people in the country interested in making “better known the Irish Chapter in American history.”

65The following blank was enclosed with the circular, in order that we might have early information as to the number intending to be present:

Dear Sir: It is my intention to be present at the annual banquet of the American Irish Historical Society, to be held at Hotel Raleigh, Washington, D. C., Saturday evening, January 16, 1909.

I desire provision made for..........guests.

The responses came in so well that the Society felt warranted in ordering a special train for the comfortable transportation of members and guests to Washington, and through our fellow-member, Mr. Henry L. Joyce, the Royal Blue Line provided a train of six Pullman parlor-cars, a dining-car and a baggage-car for our exclusive use, and so notified the Society.

Further notice was then sent to the members as follows:

Annual Dinner and Reception by the President of the United States, Washington, D. C., January 16, 1909.

Royal Blue Line train with special cars attached leaves New York, 23d Street station, at 7.50 a. m. If 100 members are on hand, a special train will be put in commission and start ten minutes later from the same place. Fares reduced for us on this line.

We want at least 250 members at Washington. Ladies, accompanied by members, may attend reception and dinner. Tickets, $5 each. Headquarters, Hotel Raleigh. Reception at White House 2.30 p. m. Annual meeting at headquarters afterwards, and dinner at 7. Reception Committee at hotel all day.

Messrs. Henry L. Joyce and W. C. Hope, respectively General Manager Marine Department and General Passenger Agent of the Royal Blue Line, will be 66at the 23d Street station with the Secretary-General early Saturday morning and full information may be had.

This will be the best affair we have ever had. Excellent speakers, fine dinner, good music and floral decorations already provided for. Please be present.

A large party of members and guests availed themselves of the pleasure of the special train, and our comfort was well cared for by Mr. Joyce, ably assisted by Mr. P. Wilfred Heroy, Eastern Passenger Agent of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and a picked train crew.

Owing to a severe snowstorm encountered en route, it became evident the special would not reach Washington on scheduled time, and a telegram to Secretary Loeb was sent from Baltimore as follows:

“Special train of American Irish Historical Society unavoidably delayed en route. Regret inability to reach White House before two forty-five.”

In order that no time should be lost, orders were given the train crew to take the baggage of each passenger to the Hotel Raleigh, there to be cared for until our return from the White House.

The following copy of the order given by C. H. English, Passenger Trainmaster of the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey, providing for the running of the special train, is interesting and gives us an idea of the amount of detail necessary to clear the way for the operation of a train on an up-to-date railroad, and the people to whom orders must go:

Mr. C. E. Chambers, Division Master Mechanic; Mr. A. E. Detro, General Foreman, Fiddlers; Mr. L. F. Duffy, Assistant Foreman, Fiddlers; Mr. C. L. Campbell, Chief Dispatcher, Jersey City; Mr. C. L. Hollis, Superintendent Marine Department, New York; Mr. W. Whittaker, Ferry Master, Jersey City; Mr. G. F. Wernert, Station Master, West 23d Street; Mr. C. H. Vanderveer, Station Master, Liberty Street.

Gentlemen: Please arrange for special train Saturday, January 16, to leave West 23d Street 8.05 a. m., Liberty Street 8.15 a. m., for Washington, consisting of baggage car, dining car and six Pullman cars, account of American Irish Historical Society.

HON. LAWRENCE O. MURRAY, LL. D.

Of Washington, D. C.

Comptroller of the Currency.

67Will advise later regarding the return movement. Acknowledge receipt.

The Dinner Committee was on hand to meet the train and special street cars were in readiness to take us to the Reception.

Nearly 300 members and guests were in attendance at the White House when President Roosevelt made his appearance, accompanied by his military attendants. He was in excellent spirits and pleased to see so large a representation of the Society in Washington.

In introducing President Roosevelt to the assemblage, President-General Quinlan said:

“Ladies and Gentlemen, I am especially honored today in presenting to you the gifted ruler of our great nation, one who at all times has shown true sympathy with our cause and who has recorded his feeling by associating himself with our Society. It is with feelings of mingled pride and satisfaction that I introduce to you our fellow-member, Mr. Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States.”

President Roosevelt replied as follows:

“It is a great pleasure to me to bid you welcome to Washington, and especially to have the chance of saying a word of greeting to you here in the White House. I am sorry we didn’t give you a little better weather, and I especially regret that, in view of the fact that so many of you have had the wisdom to bring your better halves with you; for I have always insisted that, while the average American citizen is a pretty good fellow, his wife is a still better fellow.

“I need scarcely say the great interest that I take in the work of this body. Here on this continent we are building up a great new nation, a nation akin to, but different from, each of the Old World nations of middle and western Europe. To this country have come men of many different origins, and here they are being fused together into a new type, and it is greatly to be desired that we should have historical associations like this which shall commemorate the different strains in the national blood.

“It is a mistake to suppose, as is so often assumed, that at the time of the Revolution our people were not of mixed blood. They were then, just as they are now. Many different strains from the 68beginning contributed to make up what is now American citizenship, and from the beginning in this country the men who themselves, or whose fathers, came from Ireland have played a great and leading part in the affairs of the nation. I myself have some of that blood in me, and doubtless this accounts for the difficulties with which I have found myself confronted at times. It may also account for my disposition after getting into a fight to let the other fellow know I was in it. I thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for coming here.”

There was great applause and much enthusiasm upon the well-chosen words, and afterwards the assemblage formed in line and each person was presented to President Roosevelt by President-General Quinlan and Hon. Edward A. Moseley, Michael F. Dooley, Esq., Hon. Lawrence O. Murray and Patrick J. Haltigan, Esq., of the Dinner Committee.

At the termination of the Reception the party went to the Hotel Raleigh for the annual meeting.

ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual meeting of the Society was held this 16th day of January, 1909, in the banquet hall of the Hotel Raleigh, and was called to order at 3.30 p. m. by President-General Quinlan, a large number of members being present.

Reading of records of the previous meeting was omitted.

The first business being the election of officers for the ensuing year, the Secretary-General read the following list of nominees selected by the Executive Council to be voted upon at this meeting. Each of the general officers were voted upon separately, and the members of the Executive Council and list of State Vice-Presidents as a whole, and all were unanimously elected to serve until the next annual meeting and until others are chosen in their stead.

71After the election, the Secretary-General stated that several letters of regret had been received by the Society, and they were ordered read. They are as follows:

Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to be able to attend the annual meeting and reception to the American Irish Historical Society by President Roosevelt on Saturday evening, the 16th inst. Unfortunately, I am so tied up with engagements on that evening that it will be impossible for me to leave here, one being a dinner engagement of long standing, which, however, I might be able to break; but, in addition, I am scheduled to speak at the annual meeting and banquet of the field force of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, of which, as you know, I am a director, and which is to be held at Delmonico’s. This arrangement was made prior to the time when the date of the reception to your Society was fixed, and it is incumbent upon me to be present, and while I fully intended going to Washington and attending the reception, and so expressed myself to Judge Dowling, who, I understand, is to deliver an address, yet I now realize the impracticability of being in two places at the same time, and will therefore have to forego the pleasure of being there.

I trust you will appreciate my position, and I assure you that ordinarily I would be only too glad to break any engagement I might have and avail myself of the pleasure of being present on such an occasion, but in reaching a decision I could not do otherwise than give way in favor of the engagement which was prior in point of time.

I deeply appreciate your kind expressions, and the more than attractive manner in which you urge me to be present, all of which would be unnecessary in any matter in which you were concerned, because the mere expression of your wish that you desired my co-operation in any of the good works in which you are interested would always receive from me a prompt response.

With kind regards personally, believe me to be,

My dear Mr. Lee: I have received your several communications in regard to the meeting and annual dinner on January 16 at Washington, and I planned to go, but things have so shaped themselves that I find it impossible to leave at this time. I certainly regret very much my inability to attend, but do wish you all possible success.

My dear Judge: I have to thank you for your letter of the 13th inst., but regret that I shall not be able to leave New York on Saturday to attend the meeting of our Society in Washington. Herewith I give you my check for $5 to cover the amount of my dues for the current year.

Wishing you a very delightful trip and a good time at the convention, I remain,

Salem, Mass., January 14, 1909.

Hon. Thomas Z. Lee, Secretary-General of the American Irish Historical Society, Providence, R. I.

My dear Sir: The Mayor has been sick since Friday of last week, and although he is now out of bed the doctor positively forbids him to make a trip to Washington. He sent a message to me requesting me to notify you of this fact and to express to you his deep regret. I know he was looking forward with very pleasant anticipation to this trip and to his meeting with you again.

I find in the mail two tickets to the banquet and not appreciating the situation fully I am enclosing them to you, thinking that you may be able to make some use of them as long as the Mayor can not go, but if these are sent out and charged to the persons to whom they are sent, you will please advise the Mayor and he will send you the cost of the same.

My dear Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of a ticket to the annual banquet of the American Irish Historical Society, to be held at Hotel Raleigh January 16, 1909, at 7 p. m., and sincerely thank you for the favor.

Will endeavor to be present, but on account of business appointments that I have about that time that will take me away from Washington and probably will not allow my return in time, would suggest that you do not figure on my making any remarks at the meeting.

With best wishes for the Society’s success,

MR. BERNARD J. JOYCE.

Of Boston, Mass.

One of our most earnest and learned members.

My dear Judge Lee: I have deferred writing you on the subject of attending the forthcoming banquet of the American Irish Historical Society in the hope that I might find it possible to be present. However, I am doomed to disappointment. I cannot, much as I regret it, find a way to be with you and our friends to share in the festivities. That you will have an edifying and jolly good time goes without saying and I regret exceedingly my inability to share in it. With cordial best wishes,

My dear Mr. Lee: It is with sincere regret that I am compelled to advise you of my inability to participate in the annual exercises of the American Irish Historical Society in Washington, D. C., January 16. I assure you it is a grievous disappointment to me, but conditions are such that it will be impossible for me to leave Utah at the present time.

Please convey to my fellow-members my very best wishes for the continued prosperity of the Society. With my best personal regards to yourself, I remain,

Dear Sir: I regret that an engagement to consecrate an altar at Columbia, S. C., on January the 17th will deprive me of the pleasure of joining you at the reception at the White House January 16.

With best wishes for the New Year, I remain

My dear Judge Lee: I am just home from the Appellate Division of our Supreme Court at Albany, and have your kind invitation to attend the dinner of the American Irish Historical Society at Washington on the 16th inst. as the guest of the Society.

I very greatly appreciate the honor of this invitation and I have delayed answer for a day trying to arrange my engagements so that I could have the 74pleasure of meeting with the Society on that occasion, but I am very sorry to find that it will be impossible for me to reach Washington for the 16th. I cannot tell you how deeply I regret my enforced absence.

With kindest regards to yourself and the many members of the Society to whose hospitality I am so indebted, and with cordial thanks for the honor of the invitation believe me,

Dear Sir: Justice Hendrick acknowledges notice of the general meeting at Washington and expresses regret that owing to the pressure of court duties it will be impossible for him to attend.

My dear Sir: I regret exceedingly that I cannot go with you and be present at the reception to the American Irish Historical Society by His Excellency President Roosevelt, as I anticipate being away from New York about that time.

I believe you will have a very pleasant time and my best wishes go with you.

With all the compliments of the season, believe me,

New York, December 31, 1908.

Francis J. Quinlan, M. D., 33 W. 38th Street, City.

Dear Sir: Yours with enclosure received. Regret to say I will not have the pleasure of attending the annual meeting of the Historical Society at Washington, as I expect to be in the South at that time.

Trusting you will have the usual good time, I remain

Dear Sir: I beg to inform you that Archbishop Keane is not home, nor is his return expected for some months. It will therefore be impossible for him to accept the kind invitation of the American Irish Historical Society.

75Boston, January 5, 1909.

T. Z. Lee, Esq., Providence, R. I.

Dear Sir: I am sorry I will be unable to attend the meeting of the Society in Washington. Am very sorry I cannot be there.

Dear Sir: Your esteemed favor announcing the forthcoming annual banquet of the Society at the Hotel Raleigh in Washington, and also the reception to be given to the Society by President Roosevelt on January the 16th is received, and for which accept thanks. I regret exceedingly that it will be impossible for me to be present on that occasion. I have been somewhat ailing for several weeks past and am recuperating so slowly that I fear I will be unable to get away from my home at the date of your banquet. Should I feel able to do so, however, it will afford me great pleasure to be present, as I always enjoy the annual dinner of the Society.

Dear Judge Lee: The meeting in Washington comes at the time of our annual firm meeting and I regret exceedingly I shall not be able to be with you. I trust you will have an enthusiastic meeting.

My dear Mr. Lee: Your esteemed favor of the 6th inst. reached me during a trip in the West and I appreciate very much indeed your remembrance of me by your kind invitation to be the guest of your Society at the annual banquet in Washington, D. C., on the evening of January 16, at the Hotel Raleigh, and also to attend with you a reception at the White House by President Roosevelt.

Although it will be impossible for me to accept these courtesies, I beg to express my great appreciation of the same and to assure you that it will always be my pleasure to at any time entertain the Society at my home in Lexington whenever it is their pleasure to visit our good old town.

My dear Judge: My absence this evening I exceedingly regret. I trust the dinner and meeting will be pleasant and interesting. What heart does not dilate with feelings to this night’s occasion, and what a host of interesting recollections spring up in the mind when we reflect upon the time when Irishmen came to the shores of this country in the spirit of holy zeal, leaving the land of their birth, braving the winds of Heaven and the angry wrath of the mighty Atlantic, landing in the wilderness and planting the seeds of a holy religion as well as laying the foundation of the mighty and greatest of all republics.

I am with you in spirit this evening and I hope the effects of our good Society will establish its prestige in every city and town of this country of ours.

Norfolk, Va., January 15, 1909.

To the American Irish Historical Society,

Hotel Raleigh, Washington, D. C.

Gentlemen: Until today it was my intention and hope to be with you in Washington tomorrow. Conditions beyond control will prevent, consequently my greetings must be conveyed by mail.

Mr. Patrick M. Keating presented and read the following memorial to the late Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, former President-General of the Society, which was adopted by unanimous vote:

Memorial of Thomas J. Gargan.

“The members of the American Irish Historical Society by this memorial desire to pay a tribute of love and respect to the memory of their late associate and President-General, Thomas J. Gargan, and to express their appreciation of his character and ability and their recognition of the great loss the Society has sustained in his death.

“His parents were among the pioneer Irish emigrants who came to this country in the early part of the nineteenth century and settled in Boston, where he was born about sixty-six years ago.

“In early life he was engaged in mercantile pursuits, but the 77practice of law strongly attracted him and he was admitted to the bar in the year 1875. As a lawyer he was not merely a successful practitioner, but an ornament to the profession, scorning to descend to dishonorable tactics or to adopt the acts of a pettifogger.

“He filled various positions of honor and responsibility, both public and private, faithfully and efficiently. He took an active part in causes that brought into requisition the zeal, sympathy and interest of worthy citizens and rendered valuable service to his city, state and country. Whether it was a call for patriotic service for the preservation of the republic or an invitation to join his fellow citizens in aiding a people struggling for liberty, or in providing relief for those who were afflicted by reason of some extraordinary catastrophe—on all such occasions he responded cheerfully and contributed his full share by word and by deed.

“While he rendered conspicuous public service as an American citizen he was ever mindful of the land of his forefathers, and of the race from which he sprung. In early manhood he became the president of the Charitable Irish Society of Boston, which is one of the oldest societies in this country, having been established in the year 1737, and from the time the American Irish Historical Society was organized he was interested in its welfare, and was honored about ten years ago by being elected to the highest office within the gift of its members.

“His eloquence, copiousness of ideas and fluency of speech made his orations edifying and instructive, and his voice, so rich and tender and with depth of feeling, made the public addresses delivered by him in memory of the late Mayor Collins and other distinguished men, models of eulogistic oratory.

“But he was esteemed most highly by the members of this Society as a true and kind friend, whose sunny temperament, sparkling wit, genial humor and upright character won their love and admiration and will long keep him alive in their memories.”

Resolved, That this memorial be entered upon the records of this Society and that a copy thereof be sent to the widow of our late fellow-member together with the assurance of the deep respect and affection in which he was held by us and the expression of our heartfelt sympathy in her sorrow and bereavement.

Mr. Keating’s eulogy followed the memorial and was an eloquent tribute to our late President-General.

78Mr. Gargan was born at Boston, Mass., October 27, 1844, and died at Berlin, Germany, July 31, 1908.

The following memorial to the late Mr. James J. Phelan was presented and read by Mr. Edward J. McGuire, and it was unanimously voted that the same be adopted and that a copy thereof be sent to the family of Mr. Phelan:

Memorial of James J. Phelan.

“James J. Phelan died at his country home at Allenhurst, New Jersey, on August 3, 1908, in the sixty-first year of his age. He was a native of the city of New York.

“His father was of Irish birth. His mother was a native of Maryland. His father, John Phelan, came to New York in his early youth with his father. They settled in Greenwich Village, afterwards known as the “Old Ninth Ward,” early in the nineteenth century, and established a successful business in the grocery trade. John Phelan was a man of shrewdness and commercial ability, which qualities he transmitted to his son. He was one of the Phelan family that distinguished itself in the commerce of San Francisco in the pioneer days and still maintains its high reputation there. John Phelan largely increased his fortune by his relations to the trade with California in the decade between 1850 and 1860.

“James J. Phelan attended first the public schools and then the commercial department of the College of St. Francis Xavier, of which famous institution he remained a steadfast friend ever afterwards.

“In 1867, his father, intending him for a business career, established him as the proprietor of a general store at Fordham, which was then a village in Westchester County but which now forms one of the important centers in the borough of the Bronx, New York City. He spent the formative years of his business life in the conduct of this venture.

“In 1870, at the age of twenty-five, he formed the firm of Phelan and Duval, which engaged in the wholesale wine and spirits trade and became one of the important houses in its department. He continued in active management of the affairs of this business until the year 1883, when he took charge of even larger interests.

“The American Contracting and Dredging Company was formed about that time among other things for construction work upon the Panama canal under the French concessionaries. It controlled 79valuable patent rights in dredging machinery. It secured several important contracts from Count Ferdinand de Lesseps as president of the French company and afterwards constructed fifteen miles of the Panama canal. It was most successful financially and its careful management avoided serious complications with the misfortunes of the Frenchmen. When its contracts were completed it withdrew from the field. Mr. Phelan was one of the master minds in this great work. Among his associates were Eugene Kelly, Charles N. Fry and George Bliss of distinguished and honorable memory in American finance, and Commander Gorringe of the United States Navy, who will be remembered for his engineering success in transporting the obelisk from Egypt to Central Park and setting it in its place without a single mishap.

“This, however, was but one of the important enterprises carried on by Mr. Phelan with success. His ability in commercial and corporate affairs was rare and as his remarkable grasp of great affairs and his skill in their administration became known he was invited into enterprises of the most important and lucrative character. He achieved from them a large fortune as well as a high reputation in finance. He died a member of the Chamber of Commerce of the City of New York.

“His active business life did not absorb all his energies. He was a man who from his youth took active part in the political life of the city. He joined also the societies working in the field of religion and morality. He was fond of his friends and of social life. He was always faithful to the traditions of the old Irish race from which he was descended and active in its cause.

“In 1890 he became a commissioner of the Dock Department of the City of New York on the appointment of Mayor Hugh J. Grant. He left upon that office the impress of his ability in one of the most important divisions of the affairs of the world’s greatest seaport, at a time when millions of dollars were available and were spent in providing for the oceanic trade of the port of New York. His service lasted four years, when he resigned with the praise and good wishes of the entire municipality.

“He was identified almost from his youth with the work of the Xavier Alumni Sodality, of the Catholic Club and of the St. Vincent de Paul Society. He rendered each of them great service, both as an officer and as a member. He was a trustee of the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, of the Catholic Benevolent Legion, 80of the Catholic Summer School and of many other philanthropic societies. He was a member of many of them in their struggling years and he gave his powers and his industry in full measure to their proper development.

“He was a member of the American Irish Historical Society from its establishment. He was always most interested in its work and devoted to the cause for which it stood. His pleasant face will be missed from its gatherings.

“He was married twice, the second time in 1881 to Marie Foran of New York. He had four sons and four daughters, who with his widow survive him.

“James J. Phelan was an example of the truth that in proper conditions the men of the Irish race surely rise to eminence in fields in which the current prejudice and error of the age deny that excellence is possible to them. From small beginnings and in conflict with adverse circumstances he rose to great fortune and conspicuous position in the metropolis by the exercise of thrift, temperance, honesty and intelligence. He met all sorts and conditions of men and asking no favor he conquered success, holding fast at the same time to the ideals of the race from which he sprung and the ancient faith to which he was ever loyal.”

The following memorial to the late Thomas Hamilton Murray, former Secretary-General of the Society, was presented and read by the present Secretary-General, Mr. Thomas Z. Lee, and it was unanimously voted that the same be adopted and that a copy thereof be sent to the widow of Mr. Murray:

Memorial of Thomas Hamilton Murray.

“On June 5, 1908, Thomas Hamilton Murray, editor, genealogist and historian, died at his home in Sea View in the town of Marshfield, Massachusetts, in the fifty-first year of his age.

“He was one of the founders of the American Irish Historical Society and its Secretary-General from the date of its organization until his death. During his administration the Society grew in numbers and influence, pursuing its good work and historical researches into most of the states of the Union, until he saw it occupying the foremost place in this country of any organization engaged in similar work. He was proud of the Society and gave it 81his best efforts. To him every individual member was personally known, and he took pride in stimulating each with a sense of the responsibility undertaken in making better known the Irish chapter in American history.

“Mr. Murray obtained his early education in the public schools of Newton, Cambridge and Boston, Mass., and, when he reached his majority, chose journalism as his profession. He was a close observer, a ready writer and possessed a style direct and attractive. The seven volumes of the Journal edited by him bear eloquent testimony to his literary ability. For a while he contributed educational, literary and historical articles to the Boston Pilot and enjoyed the coöperation and friendship of its then editor, John Boyle O’Reilly; later he became a member of the staff of the Boston Globe, where he remained several years. Ben Palmer was editor of the Globe at that time, and the Globe office was one of the best schools of journalism in the country. With a well-regulated mind and a strong constitution, Mr. Murray worked hard and the training there obtained well fitted him for the life work he had undertaken and the filling of important positions to which he was later called.

“After leaving the Globe, Mr. Murray became court reporter for the Boston Daily Star, then editor of the Roxbury Advocate, and afterwards editor of the Daily Advertiser, a morning paper at Shelton, Conn. He next became night editor of the Morning News, of Bridgeport, Conn., but soon returned to day work and became editor of the Daily Record at Meriden, Conn., where he remained until called to the editorial chair of the Evening and Sunday Telegram at Providence, R. I. After five years in this position, he became editor of the Lawrence Daily Sun, and four years later took charge of the Evening Call at Woonsocket.

“He had long taken a deep interest in historical studies, particularly in relation to the events and epochs of persons of Irish extraction, and his lectures and writings showed not only his devotion to his subjects, but a wide range of learning and research as well as a high order of literary ability. In addition to his invaluable work for this Society he was the author of many historical works, some of which are as follows:

“The Libraries of Boston: Public, Semi-Public and Probate. (Boston, 1882.)

“The Old Schoolmasters of Boston. (Boston, 1884.)

“The Mason Name in New England History. (Boston, 1884.)

82“The Thayer Name in America. (Boston, 1884.)

“The Irish Element in Connecticut. (Bridgeport, Ct., 1888.)

“From Dawn to Revolution. (Boston, 1889.)

“Thirty Historic American Families of Irish Extraction. (Boston, 1889.)

“Reminiscences of Life Along Narragansett’s Shores. (Providence, R. I., 1890.)

“Rambles in Rhode Island’s South County. (Providence, 1891.)

“Some Early Irish Members of the Society of Friends in Rhode Island. (Providence, 1894.)

“The Dorrance Purchase—An Irish Leaf from Rhode Island History. (Boston, 1895.)

“The Dunlevy Family in Irish History; Sketch of the Clan’s Patrimony in Ancient Ulidia. (Lawrence, Mass., 1895.)

“David O’Killia (O’Kelly), the Irishman; A Pioneer Settler at Yarmouth, Mass., as early as 1675. (Boston, 1895.)

“Concerning the McGuinness, McGinnis Name. (Providence, R. I., 1895.)

“The Irish Chapter in the History of Brown University. (Providence, 1896.)

“The Dempsey Name, Old and Puissant. (Denver, Col., 1898.)

“The Irish Soldiers in King Philip’s War—“Great Swamp” Fight. (New York City, 1896.)

“The First Regiment, Pennsylvania Line, In the Revolution. (Boston, 1896.)

“The Irish Morrisons; A Glance at the Origin of the Clan Name, Together with Reference to the Family’s Patrimony in the Ancient Kingdom of Connacht. (Lawrence, Mass., 1896.)

“Some Patricks of the Revolution. (New York City, 1896–’97.)

“Five Colonial Irish Rhode Islanders. (Providence, 1897.)

“Some Facts Concerning the Irish Washingtons. (Boston, 1898.)

“Early Irish Schoolmasters in Rhode Island. (Washington, D. C., 1898.)

“The French Chapter in American History. (Boston, 1899.)

“Matthew Watson, an Irish Settler of Barrington, R. I., 1723. (Boston, 1900.)

“The Irish Moss Gatherers of Scituate, Mass. (New York City, 1900.)

“The Irish at the Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775. (Boston, 1900.)

“A Point Made Clear—The Brecks of Dorchester, Mass. (Boston, 1901.)

“Irish Settlers, Previous to 1742, in Portsmouth, N. H. (Boston, 1901.)

“The Story of Miss Fitzgerald. (Boston, 1901.)

“The Romance of Sarah Alexander. (New York City, 1901.)

“Early Irish in the Plymouth Colony. (Boston, 1901.)

“Charles MacCarthy, a Rhode Island Pioneer, 1677. (Somerset, O., 1901.)

“Thomas Casey of Ireland and Rhode Island, 1636–1719. (Boston, 1901.)

“The Voyage of The Seaflower—from Ireland to Boston, 1741. (Boston, 1902.)

“Early Irish Educators of American Youth. (San Francisco, Cal., 1902.)

83“A Glance at the Vanguard—Irish Pioneers in Colonial Massachusetts. (Boston, 1902.)

“Richard Dexter, a Forgotten Irish Pioneer of Boston, Mass., 1641. (New York City, 1902.)

“Hugh Gaine, Irishman, New York Publisher, 1752–1809. (Boston, 1902.)

“Gen. John Sullivan and the Battle of Rhode Island. (Providence, 1902.)

“The American Not an ‘Anglo-Saxon’ People. (Boston, 1902.)

“To the American Irish Historical Society he was ever loyal and faithful. No call for service came to him in its behalf to which he did not respond. The highest office in the Society he might have had and political preferment could have been his from the appreciative citizens of Rhode Island and Massachusetts, but he turned from them lest his time and efforts might be diverted from that branch of history he loved so well. As long as his strength held out, he was in the harness serving the Society and, at our last annual meeting in New York, unable to walk, he was carried from the Grand Central Depot to the Manhattan Hotel, and there he conducted to the end the magnificent dinner and entertainment that followed the meeting. The effort was almost fatal, and during the night loving and tender friends watched over him but, by determined will, he rallied and reached his pretty villa at Sea View from which he never departed again in life. In all his work for the Society, he was ably assisted by his noble wife, Mary H. Sullivan Murray, a lady of great intelligence and refinement, who took up the work of the Secretary-General and faithfully maintained it until a member could be selected to relieve her. In paying our deep tribute to her husband, it would be amiss not to mention the faithful wife and assistant who now mourns with us his loss.

“We wish to record here the great benefits which we have received from the work and services of our first Secretary-General and pay tribute to his learning and ability; we further record the deep sorrow with which we look upon his vacant place, and, lastly, we record our loving tribute of affection for Thomas Hamilton Murray as a man, fearless, honest and faithful, an upright citizen and an earnest member of the Society.

“‘The soil out of which such men as he are made is good to be born on, good to live on, good to die for and be buried in.’”

Resolved, That the American Irish Historical Society, in appreciation of the services and efforts in its behalf by Thomas Hamilton 84Murray, late Secretary-General, unanimously adopts the minute prepared by Mr. Lee, orders that it be spread in full upon the records of the Society, and that a copy of the same under the seal of the Society be presented to the widow, Mrs. Mary H. Sullivan Murray.

The following are a few of the many letters received by Mrs. Murray immediately before and after the death of our late Secretary-General:

Dear Mrs. Murray: I am pained to learn of Mr. Murray’s low condition. You have my heartfelt sympathy. Mr. Magrath has just called, and spoke of his visit. I am still hoping that Mr. Murray will rally.

I am writing Mr. Lee of Providence to call, as I understand Mr. Murray wishes to see some member of the Society.

We have missed Mr. Murray greatly the last few months and will miss him always, for he may be considered as the founder of that honorable association of men, the American Irish Historical Society.

With the assurance of my esteem and regard together with my sincere sympathy, I am, dear madam.

We tender you our deepest sympathy in this hour of your great bereavement. Will attend funeral.

Sincere and profound sympathy on the death of your husband.

Dear Mr. Jordan: I have received the news of Mr. Thomas Hamilton Murray’s death with profound regret, and am very sorry that an important engagement for Monday will prevent my going to Boston for the funeral.

I beg you will convey to Mr. Murray’s family my sincere sympathy and condolence in their sad bereavement.

RIGHT REVEREND PHILIP J. GARRIGAN, D. D.

Bishop of Sioux City, Ia.

Vice-President of the Society for Iowa.

85We have all suffered a great loss in his death; and the noble work he carried forward so devotedly in developing the Irish chapter in American history will not readily find again as zealous or able an advocate. He had been the steady reliance of the Society. The patriotic work he did will long be a pride and glory to the race he loved and the cause so faithfully served.

With profound regret and sincerely sympathizing with all his friends and fellow members, I am,

Dear Mrs. Murray: Accept my sincere condolences on the death of your dear husband, which I read in the New York Herald this morning with profound sorrow.

We have lost a noble and a true friend to the American Irish Historical Society. In looking back over the past it is consoling to think his life has been a most exemplary one. How much better would our communities be, if we had more such men as your husband. His good and simple life was a model for all. He was a man whose character was the soul of buoyancy and kindness.

Dear Sir: Your telegram received, and I regret exceedingly that I was unable to reach Boston in time for Secretary Murray’s funeral.

I was very, very sorry to hear of his death, and while it is a great loss to his family, our Society has lost a very valuable member. Please convey my sympathy to the family.

I do not know what the circumstances of the family are, but certainly the Society if necessary should do something to assist them at this time. I know that in his home loving hands did all they could for him and it is for the Society to assist financially if necessary.

My dear Mr. Jordan: Your telegram notifying me of the time of Mr. Murray’s funeral reached me yesterday morning on my return to the city. I regret exceedingly the untimely death of our friend. He was a devoted and whole-souled worker in the cause of historic truth. I have never met anyone who surpassed him in zeal and unselfishness. He leaves vacant a place in the 86ranks of the lovers of the Irish race and the adherents of the Catholic Church which it will be hard to fill.

I have not the address of his family. May I ask you kindly to extend to them my heartfelt sympathy?

Dear Mrs. Murray: I am very sorry to learn of the death of Mr. Murray. I did not hear of it till it was too late for me to attend the funeral to show the respect and esteem I have felt for him from the first time I met him, several years before the American Irish Historical Society was organized. From that time to this our relations were most cordial and my most sincere sympathy is extended to yourself and your family for the great loss you have sustained. It is a great loss. You and your family have not alone felt this loss, but everyone who had or has any interest in American Irish history must also recognize it. It will be hard to get a man to fill his place in this latter capacity. Again let me express my sincere sympathy with you in your bereavement.

Let me thank you for the return of the pictures that I received last Saturday. I was thinking, before their receipt, where I would send a letter addressed to you expressive of my sympathy at your loss but could not make up my mind where to send it. I saw the Sea View postmark on the envelope over the pictures and I send this to that address.

Dear Mrs. Murray: I have only now heard of dear Tom Murray’s death and I am so grieved over it that I can hardly contain myself to write you this letter.

While his demise was not entirely unexpected it is nevertheless a great shock, and I hasten to extend my deep and heartfelt sympathy in this your time of sorrow. You have lost a good and worthy husband and I a true friend, of whom I was very fond, and I’m sorry that I was far away from home when he was taken by loving and tender hands to his last resting place.

A clipping from a newspaper sent by my mother told the sad story. She sent it several days ago, but as I have been going about from place to place the news missed me till now.

May God bless and protect you is my humblest wish for you this night.

Dear Madam: I am just in receipt of a journal of the American Irish Historical Society with printed request that I acknowledge it to the Secretary-General. Would that I could, and that he were still with us! I learned some weeks ago of his death and I beg to offer you my sincere sympathy and pray Our Lady, the Consoler of the Afflicted, to comfort you and the Lord to grant him His reward, the reward of the faithful and just.

Dear Madam: I received the Journal of the American Irish Historical Society, Volume VII, 1907, and beg leave to thank you for the same. It is admirably gotten up in Mr. Murray’s usual good style and nicely illustrated, and well bound.

It is like all the previous numbers, a monument to the great ability and devoted industry of your husband. His loss to the Society is indeed very great. His devotion to the work of this Society endeared him to all who knew of his earnest efforts, and his work in its behalf has made for him a most enduring monument.

The following memorial to the late Major John Crane, prepared by Hon. Eugene A. Philbin, was also unanimously adopted, and it was voted to send a copy thereof to the family of Major Crane:

Memorial of John Crane.

“It very rarely happens that it is given to a man to be a source of inspiration to his fellowmen in more than one phase of human effort. A man may, during his life, have given evidence of exalted and self-denying patriotism, or have been conspicuous in the great field of charity, or an example of the highest type of the successful and upright business man, or a great leader in movements for the uplifting of mankind, but the average man cannot hope to establish a claim for recognition for more than one of these achievements. John Crane, however, was entitled to credit for a distinguished career in all. He was born in Morgan County, Ohio, on the 10th day of February, 1840. His mother died while he was quite young and his father took the family to the State of Wisconsin. 88War was declared between the North and South when he had hardly attained manhood, but, with two other young men, he organized a company of volunteers and was elected first lieutenant. This company offered its services to the governor of the State and was assigned to the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. The regiment was ordered to the Army of the Potomac, and was incorporated with other regiments which were known as the “Iron Brigade,” and as such attained great distinction for noteworthy services during the war. Mr. Crane served with the Sixth Wisconsin until the winter of 1862, when he resigned, but only for the purpose of aiding in the organization of the Seventeenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, an Irish regiment which was being raised in that State. He was successful in organizing Company A, and became its first lieutenant. This regiment in March, 1862, was ordered South, and their first stop was at St. Louis, whence they went to Tennessee, arriving at Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee, a couple of days after the Battle of Shiloh. The regiment was assigned to the division of General McArthur, with whom it served during the campaign, taking part in numerous skirmishes and the Battle of Corinth. About this time the Adjutant of the regiment resigned and Lieutenant Crane was appointed Adjutant, which position he held until the close of the war. Upon the organization of the Seventeenth Army Corps, Gen. J. B. McPherson commanding (afterwards killed before Atlanta), the regiment became one of the regiments of this Corps, taking part in the campaign before the Siege of Vicksburg. They participated in the siege, and the regiment, Lieut.-Col. Thomas MacMahon commanding, joined with others in making the first assault on the breastworks at Vicksburg, May 19, 1863. The regimental officers and men were most highly commended by their commanding officer. John Crane bore a distinguished part in this assault and was personally complimented by the general commanding. The Seventeenth Corps was part of the Army of the Tennessee under General Sherman and served in all its campaign before Atlanta and on the march to the sea. Notwithstanding the fact that John Crane was of a naturally impulsive nature, during the battle his ability to command and exercise a considerate supervision of his men was never affected. His bravery was characterized by unfaltering fearlessness, but never marred by recklessness. He remained in the service until the war was concluded.

89“In the year 1868 Mr. Crane engaged in business with Colonel MacMahon, to whom reference has been made. Later William A. MacMahon, who served in the same regiment, entered the business, which was conducted under the name of Crane & MacMahon at the time of Mr. Crane’s death, which occurred on April 8, 1908, in New York City. The tie that had been formed with the MacMahon brothers in the service was strengthened by Mr. Crane’s marriage to their sister in the year 1866. She still survives him.

“From the outset, even when his time was much taken in forming his business relations and organizing his affairs, he was deeply and practically interested in charity. He commenced then the practice which was continued to the end of his life, not only of giving most liberally, but also of devoting his time and personal attention to the relief of the poor. For many years he was chairman of the finance committee of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul and it was largely due to his gentle but firm persistency that persons able to do so were made to contribute. It was rarely that a meeting of the committee was held that there was not some practical suggestion by him towards procuring those already interested to take a still greater interest or to secure the sympathy of people who had not already contributed in the great work. His effort in this important field was never limited to satisfying the physical suffering of the moment, but included a practical and effective course, having for its end not only the provision for pecuniary resources, but the inspiration of new courage and hope. The battle always became easier and the prospect more hopeful after a visit from John Crane.

“Since he carried into business the great elements of character that had made him a distinguished and able soldier and was constantly inspired by the broad spirit of charity which engendered the desire for fair dealing, it was only natural that his efforts should meet with success and that he and his associate should attain a position in the business world distinguished for an honorable policy and ability to produce effective results.

“The reward which attended his efforts in the great spheres of life, to which reference has already been made, caused a deeper appreciation of the value of spiritual inspiration. He realized that 90the battles that he had fought on the field of war and in civic life had been won because of his reliance not upon man or things, but upon the Supreme Being. He took advantage of every opportunity to convey this great lesson to his fellowmen. When about ten years before his death Governor Roosevelt appointed him a member of the board of trustees of the Soldiers’ Home in Steuben County, New York state, he was given an opportunity that probably brought him more real gratification than any other one thing in his philanthropic career. He organized at the Soldiers’ Home religious societies which furnished spiritual gratification to the veteran soldiers, and also gave them a new occupation that tended to relieve the monotony of institutional life. It seemed to him as if he were again, after the lapse of so many years, participating with pathetic care and solicitation in the careers and welfare of those who, under his guidance, were giving their lives to their country. It is not difficult to imagine what this opportunity meant to Major Crane. It is needless to say that the duty was discharged, not only in a manner that gave happiness to the inmates at the time, but also inaugurated methods that were so meritorious as to remain permanently to the advantage of the Home.

“Major Crane never entered actively into politics, although he was a man of clear and positive views as to public welfare. From time to time he freely lent his voice and aid to movements having for their object civic betterment.

“He was for many years the almoner of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and gave the same intelligent and able consideration to the appeals made to the Society by the unfortunate as he had given to many other cases of distress. He was a most active and faithful member of the latter society, and, in fact, was deeply interested in anything that concerned the Irish race and furnished evidence of the great benefits it had conferred upon mankind.

“Major Crane was especially interested in American-Irish history because of its eloquent testimony in support of Irish virtue and ability. His own noble record will always be a bright page in the annals of the race in this country.

In the death of Hugh Kelly, President of the corporation of Hugh Kelly & Co., 79 Wall Street, New York City, the downtown business community of New York lost a man of sound judgment of men and affairs, and a true friend.

Mr. Kelly was born in Chicago, September 24th, 1858, and when a year old came to New York, where he lived thereafter. He was graduated from the College of the City of New York with high honors and was later honored with the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctors of Laws by Fordham University. In 1871 he entered the West Indian trade and in 1884 established the house of Hugh Kelly & Co., which is well-known throughout the cane sugar world. He was very successful in designing and constructing several of the largest and most modern sugar cane factories in Cuba, Porto Rico and Santo Domingo, and was one of the best known merchants in that industry.

He was president of several sugar companies in the West Indies, but found time also to devote himself to maritime and municipal affairs, and was in the directorate of the United Fruit Company, The Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank, the Nipe Bay Company, and other industrial enterprises. He was also a Trustee of St. Patrick’s Cathedral, the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, Calvary Cemetery, the Sevilla Home for Children, and the Central Islip State Hospital.

Mr. Kelly served the city as a member of the Board of Education from 1895 to 1898, and was Treasurer of its Finance Committee.

He was Vice-President of the Maritime Exchange in 1894 and 1895, President in 1896 and 1897, and for seven years was on its directorate.

Mr. Kelly was made president of The Oriental Bank in an effort to save it shortly before it failed last Winter. He was a director in the bank at the time of the financial depression, and when the bank was threatened Mr. Kelly took up the task, two or three days after his return from Europe, of realizing on the bank’s assets and meeting the claims against it. He was going along very well when fresh bank failures caused a run on the Oriental, which led to its suspension. Attorney-General Jackson had receivers appointed but they were soon removed by the Court. Full payment to every depositor 92was eventually made through an arrangement with the Metropolitan Trust Company, which took over the Oriental Bank’s assets. Mr. Kelly in his desire to keep the bank on its feet when he accepted the presidency refused to accept a cent of remuneration, his sole desire being to keep the bank going. The strain under which he labored at that time, and the many false rumors which those antagonistic to the bank had issued, preyed upon him greatly, and an acute nervous ailment forced him to give up work three weeks before his death, which occurred October 30th, 1908, at 3 a. m.

The funeral was held at St. Patrick’s Cathedral on November 2d. Archbishop Farley celebrated solemn requiem mass. Some of the other church dignitaries who assisted in the service were Mgr. Lavelle, Mgr. Hayes, Father McCluskey and Father McQuade.

The pall bearers were Joseph Rigney, Michael E. Bannin, Thomas E. Murray, Col. John McAnerney, Richard S. Treacy, James H. Post, President of the National Sugar Refining Company, Joseph W. Foster, Frank Schaffer, Vice-President of Hugh Kelly & Co., Thomas Mulry, President Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank and Myles Tierney, President of the Hudson Trust Company. The interment was in Calvary Cemetery.

Mr. Kelly is survived by his widow, three sons and four daughters.

Personally, Mr. Kelly was a quiet, hearty, genial man, easily approachable and warm-hearted, seeming to have time for every demand upon him in spite of his numerous responsibilities, and a host of friends esteemed him most highly for his ability, integrity and sound judgment. In the business life of New York in which he moved, he will be deeply missed.

The following memorial to the late James Jeffrey Roche, Esq., was also unanimously adopted, and it was voted to send a copy thereof to his family:

Mr. Joseph Smith of the Boston Traveler, one of the founders of the Society, and at the invitation of its officers, presented the following memorial to the late Hon. James Jeffrey Roche, LL. D., which was ordered spread upon the records and a copy thereof sent to the family of Dr. Roche:

JAMES JEFFREY ROCHE, LL. D (Deceased).

Patriot, Editor, Diplomat and Poet. One of the Founders of our Society.

James Jeffrey Roche was born in the little Quaker town of Mountmellick in Queen’s County, Ireland, the son of Edward and Mary (Doyle) Roche and was taken while yet an infant of a few weeks, to Prince Edward’s Island, whither his parents emigrated. He grew up in Charlottetown, where his father Edward Roche, an accomplished scholar, conducted a school; and he supplemented the training given him by his scholarly father by a course at the Jesuit College of St. Dunstan’s in Charlottetown, from which he was graduated. Among his college classmates were Chief Justice Sullivan of Prince Edward’s Island and Archbishop O’Brien of Halifax, N. S.

Mr. Roche settled in Boston in 1866 and was engaged in business there for some years; but his peculiar gifts and tastes drew him to journalism and letters; and in 1883 he became one of the staff of the Pilot, under his brilliant friend John Boyle O’Reilly; and after his death he succeeded to the post of editor-in-chief of the paper which he filled with vigor and brilliancy, in full keeping with the traditions of such predecessors as Thomas D’Arcy Magee, O’Reilly and others. The Pilot was the avowed champion not only of the Irish people and of their religion, but it stood ready to do battle with persecution, injustice, intolerance and wrong, no matter against what race or creed they were directed; and no individual paper in the world did better or more effective work for the men and cause of the Irish race; and under the management 94of James Jeffrey Roche, zeal and fidelity to all good causes were always fortified by sanity and justice and tempered by humor, good temper and a fine inhospitality to passion and demagoguery.

While devoting most of his time and talents to his editorial work and duty, he still found opportunities to turn to the field of letters of a more enduring character. A writer of virile and picturesque prose, James Jeffrey Roche will always be best known as a poet whose verse is marked by beauty, sweetness, lyrical quality and a belle esprit all his own, and ranging in scope from the light, brilliant and witty vers de société to such serious and compelling poems as his “Babylon.” His “Songs and Satires” is a volume that sparkles with wit and rapier-like touches. His “Ballads of Blue Water” is a book for American men and patriots, unique and stirring; the ballads will live while Americans look back with pride to the deeds of an heroic past; and no American singer has written any better ballads of action than “The Armstrong Privateer,” “The Constitution,” “The Alamo” and other stirring songs. His “Life of John Boyle O’Reilly” was the tribute of a devoted friend and admirer to a man and comrade he loved and labored with, and is a biography whose literary excellence is amazing when we consider the pressure under which it was written. His other prose work varied from the brilliant accuracy and gravity of “The Story of the Filibusters” (republished by the Harpers as “The Byways of War”) to those airy medleys of fun and philosophy “Her Majesty the King” and “The Sorrows of Sap’ed,” which have made the world laugh and think.

A close personal friend and admirer of President Theodore Roosevelt, he was appointed by him American Consul at Genoa, Italy, in 1904, when his health being precarious, a change of work and climate became necessary; and in 1907 the President transferred him to the capital of Switzerland, Berne, where he lived until the final call came to him.

When in 1896 I broached to a few interested friends the project of establishing an organization which would bring together men of the Irish race interested in gathering and perpetuating the record of the achievement of that race on this American continent, and preserving it in such form that historians could utilize it and thus ensure us our share of the honor and credit of upbuilding the American Republic, I found him sympathetic and enthusiastic in the matter; 95and out of those gatherings and discussions sprang the movement which resulted in the foundation of the American Irish Historical Society. James Jeffrey Roche, John Linehan, Hamilton Murray and I drew up the call, signed it, secured other signatures, called a meeting at the Revere House, Boston, Mass., 20th January, 1897, and the Society was born. He became one of the members of the Executive Council and for many years we attended its meetings and outings until conditions and circumstances stopped our attendance without attenuating our interest in its progress.

Personally, James Jeffrey Roche was one of the most lovable and charming of men, who carried under a surface of wit and joyous frivolity a nature whose depth, sincerity, devotion to ideals, capacity for friendship, passion for freedom, love of race and motherland, high-minded patriotism and loyalty to duty and honor, were understood only by those who knew him intimately. He hated all meanness and dishonor; friendship was a sacred thing to him; and he had that clairvoyant vision of the poet which saw the humbug and pharisee under the skin of the charlatan, when many a reputedly wiser and more sophisticated man accepted the demagogue and pretender at their own valuation.

I knew him for many years; to me he was as my own flesh and blood; I could not love a brother more; and his death was merely the final chapter in the grief I experienced when he went from Boston to represent the Republic abroad, in such physical condition that I knew I would never look upon his face again in life; and I know that in voicing my own sorrow I am but expressing the feelings of those who were comrades in the past and lovers of him always. He had reached the zenith of his literary powers before he left the land of his adoption and love forever; and he himself realized that his work was done, and that only the official duties of his consular position remained to preoccupy him until the final call.

Besides a host of friends, he left a wife, a son and a daughter to mourn his passing; and while the idle reader of contemporary literature may time and again derive pleasure and profit from his joyous wit, and gentle philosophy, his intimates and brothers in soul will seldom meet without recalling with a hush and a sigh the friend and comrade who has passed and who awaits them where work and worry, sweat and sorrow, are no more forever.

96He was buried in Holyhood Cemetery, Brookline, Mass., within a stone’s throw of the spot where sleep his comrades in the flesh, John Boyle O’Reilly, Thomas J. Gargan and Patrick A. Collins, his grave marked by a handsome granite column adorned with a bronze tablet, erected by a group of friends who loved him in life and mourn him in death. May he sleep in peace; for no gentler, sweeter spirit was ever added to the company of Heaven than James Jeffrey Roche.

The following list of applicants for membership in the Society was read by the secretary-general, and by unanimous vote they were duly elected members:

John J. Kenney, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

William Gilbert Davies, 32 Nassau Street, New York City (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

Martin Hughes, Hibbing, Minn, (proposed by Hon. C. D. O’Brien).

Patrick F. McBreen, 404 Munroe Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

Thomas Murphy, Irvington-on-Hudson, New York (proposed by Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

Dr. Thomas E. Dolan, 250 Elizabeth Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J. (proposed by James L. O’Neil).

Jeremiah D. Leary, 246 Clark Place, Elizabeth, N. J. (proposed by James L. O’Neil).

Rev. Cornelius F. O’Leary, Wellston, St. Louis, Mo. (proposed by Michael J. Jordan).

Frank L. Tooley, D. D. S., 157 East 79th Street, New York City (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

Martin I. J. Griffin, 1935 North 11th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

John C. McGuire, Hotel St. George, Brooklyn, N. Y. (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

Rev. Thomas J. McCarty, 1011 Douglas Street, Sioux City, Iowa (proposed by Bishop P. J. Garrigan).

William J. Delaney, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.

Patrick L. Hughes, 1 Blackstone Street, Boston, Mass.

97Edgar Stanton Maclay, Standard Union, Brooklyn, N. Y. (proposed by Thomas Z. Lee).

Michael W. Norton, Narragansett Hotel, Providence, R. I.

Dr. John P. Reilly, 215 Elizabeth Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J. (proposed by James L. O’Neil).

Joseph F. McLoughlin, attorney-at-law, 2 Rector Street, New York City (proposed by T. Vincent Butler).

Peter J. Dufficy, 120 West 59th Street, New York City (proposed by T. Vincent Butler).

Joseph Murray, 1245 Madison Avenue, New York City (proposed by Edmond J. Curry).

Rev. James J. Murphy, Ph. D., 1011 Douglas Street, Sioux City, Iowa (proposed by Bishop P. J. Garrigan).

J. C. Delaney, Department of Factory Inspection, Harrisburg, Pa. (proposed by Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

Peter J. Gibbons, M. D., 49 Park Avenue, New York City (proposed by Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

Charles J. Perry, World Building, Park Row, New York City (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

William T. A. Fitzgerald, Court House, Boston, Mass. (proposed by James H. Devlin, Jr.; seconded by Michael J. Jordan).

Edward Hamilton Daly, 54 Wall Street, New York City (proposed by T. Vincent Butler).

John B. White, 121 East 86th Street, New York City (proposed by T. Vincent Butler).

Edward D. Farrell, 158 West 125th Street, New York City (proposed by T. Vincent Butler).

Col. P. J. Nevins, Haverhill, Mass, (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

William F. Downey, 1622 L Street, Washington, D. C. (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

Richard J. Donovan, 170 Broadway, New York City (proposed by Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

John E. McGuire, Haverhill, Mass, (proposed by Dr. M. F. Sullivan).

Constantine J. McGuire, 120 East 60th Street, New York City (proposed by Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

Jeremiah A. O’Leary, 38 Park Row, Manhattan, New York (proposed by John J. Daly).

98Gen. Michael Kerwin, Broadway Central Hotel, New York City (proposed by Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

Edward Tingent, 68 Broad Street, Elizabeth, N. J. (proposed by Francis J. Quinlan, M. D.).

James P. Conway, 296 East 3rd Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. (proposed by John J. Daly).

Leo F. Farrell, 171 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I. (proposed by Francis I. McCanna).

Dennis A. Spellissy, 302 Broadway, New York City (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

Rev. John Brosnan, Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York (proposed by J. J. Lenehan).

Peter L. Keough, 41 Arch Street, Pawtucket, R. I. (proposed by John T. F. MacDonnell).

John E. Murphy, Bretton Hall Hotel, New York City (proposed by John E. O’Brien).

Rev. William A. Keefe, Norwich, Conn. (proposed by Edmond J. Curry).

Michael W. Sullivan, Century Building, Washington, D. C. (proposed by David Healy).

Joseph E. G. Ryan, Chicago Inter Ocean, Chicago, Ill. (proposed by Frank S. Colton).

William Gilshenan, New York City (proposed by T. P. Kelly).

Rev. M. A. McManus, Newark, N. J.

Thomas F. Kilkenny, Providence, R. I. (proposed by M. W. Norton; seconded by John F. O’Connell).

Thomas F. Mulry, president Immigrants’ Savings Bank, Brooklyn, N. Y. (proposed by M. E. Bannin).

Hon. Lawrence P. Lee, Ellis Island, N. Y. (proposed by Thomas Z. Lee).

John Woods, 297 Broadway, South Boston, Mass. (proposed by Michael Maynes; seconded by Michael J. Jordan).

John Howlett, 49 Portland Street, Boston, Mass. (proposed by Michael Maynes; seconded by Michael J. Jordan).

M. J. Sheehy, merchant, Foot 39th Street, New York City (proposed by Henry L. Joyce; seconded by John F. O’Connell).

PETER FENELON COLLIER.

Late Editor and Publisher of Collier’s Weekly. Deceased April, 1909.

99James C. Shannon, vice-president David Shannon Company, New York City (proposed by Henry L. Joyce; seconded by John F. O’Connell).

William C. Burke, contractor, 143 Liberty Street, New York City (proposed by Henry L. Joyce; seconded by John F. O’Connell).

James F. Mack, attorney-at-law, New York City (proposed by Henry L. Joyce; seconded by John F. O’Connell).

Joseph Rowan, attorney-at-law, New York City (proposed by Henry L. Joyce; seconded by John F. O’Connell).

John L. Murray, 223 West 42d Street, New York City (proposed by M. H. Cox; seconded by Bernard J. Joyce).

Major Thomas F. Lynch, United States Army Building, Whitehead Street, New York City (proposed by John J. Daly).

Daniel S. Mahoney, 131 Charles Street and 277 Broadway, New York City (proposed by John J. Daly).

Charles B. O’Connor, New York State Construction Company, Broad Street, New York City (proposed by John J. Daly).

Frank T. Molony, 70 Jane Street and 277 Broadway, New York City (proposed by John J. Daly).

Joseph T. Ryan, 149 Broadway, New York City (proposed by Henry L. Joyce).

Patrick J. Haltigan, editor Hibernian, Washington, D. C.

Stephen McFarland, 44 Morton Street, New York City (proposed by John Jay Joyce).

Stephen McPartland, 134 W. 92d Street, New York City (proposed by H. G. Bannon).

Stephen J. McPartland, 391 West End Ave., New York City (proposed by H. G. Bannon).

P. J. Nee, 1341 Girard Street, Washington, D. C.

John J. Buckley, 99 Nassau Street, New York City (proposed by John J. Daly).

In addition to the above, Ernest Van D. Murphy, first lieutenant, Twenty-Seventh Infantry, United States Army, Havana, Cuba, was elected a life member of the Society.

100Mr. Michael F. Dooley, Treasurer-General of the Society, presented the following report, covering the period from January 28, 1908, to January 15, 1909, and the same was adopted by unanimous vote:

A motion was made that the next annual meeting of the Society be held in New York City, at a time and place to be later appointed, and after some discussion the motion prevailed.

The meeting thereupon adjourned.

MICHAEL FRANCIS COX, M. D., F. R. C. P. I., M. R. I. A., 26 Merrion Square, Dublin.

Vice-President for the Society for Ireland.

The Eleventh Annual Banquet of the American Irish Historical Society took place this evening at 7.30 in the magnificent banquet hall on the tenth floor of the Hotel Raleigh, and over two hundred members and guests were present. The arrangement of the tables, floral decorations and candelabra was commendable, and was a great credit to the efforts of the Dinner Committee.

President-General Quinlan presided and acted as toastmaster for the evening.

With him at the head table were seated: Hon. Edward D. White, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; Hon. Thomas H. Carter, United States Senator from Montana; Hon. Robert J. Gamble, United States Senator from South Dakota; Hon. Joseph A. O’Connell, Congressman from Massachusetts; Hon. William Sulzer, Congressman from New York; Hon. John J. Fitzgerald, Congressman from New York; Hon. Michael F. Dooley of Rhode Island, Treasurer-General; Rear Admiral John McGowan of Washington, former President-General; Mr. Francis I. McCanna of Rhode Island; Hon. John D. Crimmins of New York, former President-General; Hon. Patrick J. McCarthy, Vice-President for Rhode Island; Hon. Victor J. Dowling, Justice of the Supreme Court of New York; Mr. Patrick Carter of Rhode Island; Hon. Edward A. Moseley of Washington, former President-General; Mr. David S. Barry of Washington; Hon. Maurice T. Moloney of Illinois; Rev. M. A. Quirk of Illinois; Mr. Michael H. Cox of Massachusetts; Mr. W. J. O’Hagan, Vice-President for South Carolina; Hon. Thomas B. Fitzpatrick of Massachusetts; Hon. Lawrence O. Murray of Washington; Mr. Bernard J. Joyce of Massachusetts; Hon. John F. O’Connell of Rhode Island; Hon. John Hannan of New York; Mr. Humphrey O’Sullivan of Massachusetts; Rev. Michael A. 106McManus of New Jersey; General D. F. Collins of New Jersey; Mr. Michael J. Jordan, Vice-President for Massachusetts; Mr. John L. Murray of New York; Mr. Patrick J. Haltigan of Washington; and Mr. Thomas Zanslaur Lee, Secretary-General of the Society.

The press was represented by the following gentlemen: Jerome S. Fanciulli, Associated Press; John Monk, New York Sun; A. P. Arnold, United Press Association; David S. Barry, Providence Journal; J. W. Bathon, Washington Post; Archie Jamieson, Washington Herald; James R. Quirk, Washington Times; and W. H. Landvorgt, Washington Star.

Divine blessing was invoked by Rev. Dr. Joshua P. L. Bodfish of Canton, Mass., after which a flashlight picture of the assemblage was successfully taken by the National Press Association of No. 1423 F Street, Washington, for the benefit of those who wished a photographic souvenir of the occasion.

The menu, which was finely served, was as follows:

107After substantial justice had been done every part of the dinner, the President-General asked for attention and said:

“Ladies and Gentlemen, as well as Honored Guests of the American Irish Historical Society: If I feel somewhat overawed, somewhat oppressed, by the consciousness of standing in the place formerly occupied by a man of such national, nay, international, reputation as the President-General whom I succeed, all the more is it incumbent upon me on this occasion to take my duty very seriously, and endeavor to discuss with the sobriety and earnestness appropriate to one of my profession the aims which this organization has in view, and the things to be sought after or avoided in prosecuting those aims.

“Let me call your attention, particularly the attention of the many new acquisitions whom I am so happy to see here tonight, to the five words which form the motto upon our corporate seal: ‘That the world may know.’ The interpretation put upon that legend by another former President-General, Thomas J. Gargan, of whom I must speak later on, was this: ‘To place the Irish element in its true light in American history.’ It is not necessary to warn you, at this stage of our existence as a body, that the American Irish Historical Society does not live either to pick holes in the coats of others or to trail its own coat over the sod by way of challenge. Rather, I may say, the purpose of our organization is defensive; to employ the armory of historical truth in vindicating for men of Irish blood that place in American history of which it has been defrauded either wilfully or through ignorance. Many causes have contributed to create misrepresentation on the one hand and honest misconception on the other. We need not discuss these causes in detail just at present. I am here to deliver a general address and not a special lecture in history. But we all know, and every well-informed American is aware, that the ignorant and the vulgar not so very long ago had but two well-defined ideas about Irishmen: One, that they wore red whiskers and carried hods; the other, that they loved a fight. The former of these errors we strive to dissipate—and I think we have succeeded notably—by the very fact of the Society’s existence and by the publication of the annual journal with its roster of membership. As to the latter, we are not, I fear, in a position to deny it without some reserve. It may, however, be fairly claimed that this Society has already done much to proclaim its sympathy with the arts 108of peace in electing a member of my profession to be the immediate successor of such a man as Admiral McGowan.

“So far to establish what I take to be the solid reasons which justify the existence of such a society as ours. Now let me call your attention to an absolutely indispensable condition of our success in the future, as it has been, I think, one great factor of our success in the past. It is our aim to make better known the Irish pages of American history. These pages do not refer, let us remember, to any one section, type, class or creed of Irish-descended Americans, but to all without discrimination. And this function of our Society evidently will never be, could never have been, effectively discharged without a hearty collective effort to sink all differences of religious belief and of political connections. We must continue to act, within our own body and in pursuit of our common object, independently of those sectional, religious or political ties which bind us individually as loyal citizens and as sincere Christians. From the days of Brian Boru and of Dermot McMorough down to our own time we know that that little isle where grows the ‘chosen leaf of bard and chief’ has been a prey to the invader only because the invader knew how to foment dissension among its native sons. Gentlemen, this essential quality of our organization is both forcibly and happily borne in upon us in these days when we hear that the land of our fathers is at last beginning to assert its power as a political unit by realizing that very idea of being ‘Irish first,’ that idea of national unity, her neglect of which has been the comfort of her enemies in times past.

“Their proneness to dissension has been more or less facetiously accounted for by the theory that the Irish are a nervously high-strung race, who find a pleasant counter-irritant in the ‘man-enobling conflict.’ It has been said that an Irishman would rather fight another Irishman than a man of alien race, simply because he recognizes in an antagonist of his own blood the most promising opportunity of a truly exciting battle.

“The memory is still fresh upon me of that important event at which I had the honor of assisting on the 16th of last month, the unveiling of the beautiful tablet placed in the State House at Providence, Rhode Island, to the glorious memory of Major-General John Sullivan of Revolutionary fame. We all know that this splendid and public-spirited memorial is one of the achievements of 109the past year on which our Society has reason to congratulate itself. Let the still fresh memory of that proud occasion be my excuse for dwelling at such great length upon the warlike qualities of the Irish race. For these qualities, in truth, are quite generally admitted by both friends and enemies. Our more pressing call, it seems, is to emphasize the achievements of the Irish race in peace. After listening to those eloquent tributes in the Providence State House from the lips of Governor Higgins, Ex-Governor Lippitt and others, it was borne in upon me how easily a public man’s peaceful achievements may be eclipsed by his military exploits. John Sullivan was, as our tablet records, a statesman of distinction; as a jurist he left his mark upon the legal history of New Hampshire, and yet it is almost exclusively as the patriot soldier that he lives today in the popular mind.

“Another hero of the American Revolution whose memory we must tonight recall with especial satisfaction was Commodore John Barry. We have the right, gentlemen, and I think that we should insist upon it strenuously in these days, to call Barry the Irish father of that splendid American navy of which we are all so justly proud. And it is matter for congratulation that, since our last annual meeting, and largely through our own organized efforts, historical justice is now at last to be done to the man who was a commissioned Captain in the American navy when Paul Jones was only a Lieutenant. A prominent site has been officially chosen for a statue of Barry at the national capitol, and we have every reason to hope that the work will be executed by some sculptor of great repute of Irish descent.

“But, proud as we must all feel of Irish services to the Republic ‘on the decks of fame’ and on many a stricken field, is it not rather our duty as an organization to shed the light of history upon Irish services in the council chamber and the law court, in science and scholarship, and the fine arts? In the retrospect of the year that is gone, what Irish-descended American can fail to thrill with pride at the spectacle of that distinguished and at the same time enthusiastic assembly which paid honor to the memory of Augustus St. Gaudens, a native of Dublin, and the foremost American sculptor of our own day?

“And in this retrospect we have to include at least one example of the type of Irish descendant which rises to eminence in the peaceful professions in our late-lamented and highly-respected President-General, 110Thomas J. Gargan, whose obsequies in Boston last fall were the occasion of so impressive a manifestation of civic gratitude and esteem. Surely his life was in itself a powerful effort to ‘place the Irish element in its true light in American history.’ Eminent in the legal profession in a community where the standards of that profession are especially high, he also gave to the state of Massachusetts as a trusted official such services as were duly acknowledged by the presence in his funeral cortege of the Mayor of Boston, the present and past Governors of Massachusetts, and an immense multitude of citizens. And if this great lawyer’s career brilliantly illustrated the truth that the Irish race excel in other things besides fighting I must not pass over in silence that other departed fellow-member, Major John Crane of New York, a man whose career was illustrious both in war and in peace, a citizen who first turned his back upon commercial success in order to take up arms for what he considered the cause of the Republic, and then, when he had won glory for himself in four years of active military service, returned to the peaceful pursuits of commerce to achieve a place among the leading merchants of New York, and at last to dispense his honorably-acquired wealth and to apply his talents and his time in the charitable relief of poverty and suffering.

“I have purposely left to the end of this retrospect my sincere tribute to the memory of that man whose death, coming in the interval since our last annual meeting, has been a peculiar loss to us as a body. In addressing you two years ago, my distinguished predecessor, Admiral McGowan, said, referring to our then Secretary, Thomas Hamilton Murray: ‘A competent secretary is a priceless possession for any society, and we have been especially fortunate in this respect.’ The distinguished Admiral was speaking in the presence of Mr. Murray when he uttered those words. What may we not add now that death has removed the restraints imposed in such circumstances by modesty and good taste. Thomas Hamilton Murray was indeed a man to whom the American Irish will forever owe a debt of gratitude for his work along that line which we, as a society, have especially taken for our own. He was a journalist by profession, an ornament, I may say, to American journalism, as so many good American Irish have been; and before this Society had come into existence he had already anticipated its aims, by rendering out of his own initiative and his own exertions no insignificant service toward placing the Irish element in its true light in American history. From its very inauguration our Society was aware that no other man in all the length and breadth of this country could have held his position with so much advantage to the cause which we have at heart. To say nothing of that which many of us must feel in the removal of a dear friend, the Society cannot but be conscious of the calamity it has sustained in the loss of this truly ‘priceless possession’ to whom our rapid success in the past has been so largely due.

MICHAEL J. JORDAN.

Of Boston, Mass.

Vice-President of the Society for Massachusetts.

111“In the year that has passed our Society has singularly suffered from the loss of many of its ardent and enthusiastic workers. These pioneers of our organization have been summoned from our midst, but the heritage they have left is beyond measure or computation. Their memory will always be fragrant with the sweetness of their lives, and, whilst we chant their requiem, may they enjoy the hosannas that are sung for them in their happier abode.

“Coming now to the actual aspect of our life as an organization, we may congratulate ourselves, I rejoice to say, upon a thoroughly sound and vigorous condition. Most especially would I single out for mention the astonishing success of our new membership committee. That committee, under the chairmanship of Mr. John J. Linehan, was appointed in New York City, I need hardly remind you, scarcely two months ago, with the object of promoting the numerical increase of our membership, while of course taking due care that its quality should not fall below the standard which we had thus far maintained. So zealously and efficiently has the work of the committee been done, so just and cordial has been the appreciation of the Society’s aims, that within one month 125 new and good names were added to our roster, and the total increment, I believe, since the appointment of the committee, amounts at the present moment to something over 200. I am sure that we all heartily welcome these new recruits, and in voicing that welcome let me express the hope that every man of the new squad intends to do his utmost for the furtherance of our great aims.

“To do this, gentlemen, no mere machine action of the Society will be adequate. Our work is, remember, a work of enlightenment, therefore a work dealing with the intellect of our times and our country, and not to be accomplished without intellectual exertion. Now while societies, academies and universities have their immense value as a directive and unifying apparatus, the intellectual forces 112which operate under their control must of necessity be individual. To be effectual all effort must be controlled by system, but the most perfect system without an abundance of individual effort must be like an elaborately-constructed piece of artillery without a sufficient supply of ammunition.

“Our system has now been elaborated by the inauguration of the Recorder, to be published at stated periods and which will serve as a vehicle for such notices on topics of American Irish history as the zeal and enterprise of individual members may prompt. It is confidentially hoped that the supply of such material will be both abundant and rich in quality, and that our Recorder will become in itself a valuable magazine of information in those lines of research which are the Society’s special province.

“Let me even urge on members the advantage to our cause that would be attained if every one of us will make a point of forwarding to the Secretary-General, Judge Lee, who has assumed, in addition to the many exacting duties of his present office, that of editor of our Recorder, any newspaper clippings or other material concerning contemporary happenings relating to our work.

“Finally, gentlemen, it is in no perfunctory spirit that I here publicly render thanks to the members of our official staff, without whose zealous coöperation our year could not have been brought to the happy and glorious conclusion in which we rejoice tonight. Since the death of our beloved Secretary-General six months ago Judge Thomas Z. Lee of Rhode Island has fulfilled in large measure the colossal duties of that office, and to whom the Society owes more than mere words of thanks. With him I associate in my heartfelt gratitude our esteemed and respected Treasurer-General, Mr. Michael F. Dooley, whose devotion to our work and our interests has been, I may say without exaggeration, heroic. And, gentlemen, I must not conclude without expressing in both my own behalf and that of the Society as a whole those thanks which are fairly due to the various committees who have so successfully carried out the work of organizing this meeting. I hold that the manner in which that labor of love has been performed has been in itself a very positive demonstration of the faculty of concerted action which belongs to our race, at least on this side of the Atlantic, if not everywhere and always. And now I conclude with my personal thanks to all who are here tonight, especially the ladies, who have given a fine atmosphere 113to this occasion and without whose hearty and sympathetic countenances our gathering could not have been, as I am confident it will be, a memorable one in the history of the American Irish Historical Society.”

Hon. Patrick J. McCarthy: “Rhode Island proposes three cheers for the ladies.”

This suggestion met with a hearty response, and was quickly followed by similar proposals from representatives of Boston and New York.

President-General Quinlan: The first toast on the program is “The President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt.”

This was drunk standing and was followed by three ringing cheers. The orchestra then played “The Star Spangled Banner,” which was sung by the assemblage.

President-General Quinlan: We will now turn to the serious aspect of this page in our history. This evening we are especially honored, ladies and gentlemen, by having at this table one of the most distinguished men, not only in the United States, but in the world. Without further ado, without further expression, because it is like carrying coals to Newcastle, I will go on and introduce to you Hon. Edward D. White, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States of America.

Mr. Justice White was greeted with hearty applause and cheering as he arose, and, after order was restored, he spoke as follows:

“Mr. President-General, Gentlemen of the American Irish Historical Society, Ladies and Gentlemen: When the privilege was extended to me of coming here tonight there was also a request which was by me declined, to respond to one of the set toasts. This was done because it has been my wont since taking up judicial duty in Washington to eschew as far as I could public speech-making, because the thought has always been mine that if public speech-making were indulged in, even occasionally, the habit might grow and thus I might become what it seems to me is an abomination—a too loquacious and indiscreet speech-making judge. Strange as it may seem to any of you who have had to go over ponderous judicial opinions, the result of judicial work is to cause one to hesitate about words. They come to the one who does such work to be things which may be productive of great wrong if misused or misapplied. True as this is as to judicial work generally, it is more so when the character 114of that work in our own country is considered. Under our system judicial duty is not confined to the settlement of controversies between men. It is more extensive, since it controls man in his relations to government and the relations of government to the individual. It involves the power to limit government itself, since upon it is cast the ultimate duty to maintain the Constitution and apply its limitations. It, therefore, in a sense not only restrains both the national and State governments, but regulates their relations one to the other. From this all-embracing extent of the judicial authority it must be apparent that in our own country much more than in any other the discharge of judicial duty involves the dealing with subjects of the most acute public concern, where passion and political agitation are flagrant. When these things are considered it is certain that the performance of the judicial function in our country—to paraphrase the words of the Romans—involves the science of all things human and divine, the knowledge of all things good and evil.

“With these thoughts in my mind I stand up upon the generous solicitation of your President and look into your kindly faces and form the purpose to say a few words concerning your and my duty to preserve the institutions of government with which we are blest, and with the thought comes the admonition that I must be circumspect and say nothing which ought not to be said. Indeed, as I speak, there comes unbidden to my mind that beautiful prayer of the Catholic Liturgy where the Priest, as he approaches the Gospel, invokes the aid of Almighty God to cleanse his mouth as with a living coal in order that his lips may be worthy to syllable the inspired subject which he is about to approach.

“Before I say anything further, however, let me briefly establish my right to be among you tonight upon a more intimate basis than that of a mere guest. This can hardly be done because of my being an Irish American, for I am only of Irish blood on my father’s side in the fourth generation. But my right to be one of you from another point of view is quite apparent. In the state in which I was born there lived an Irish American bearing the name of White. At a public dinner—I do not believe it was an Irish American affair—he sat near one whose name was O’Rourke. Leaning over to him he said: ‘Mr. O’Rourke, what countryman are you?’ ‘What countryman?’ said O’Rourke. ‘I am an Irishman. Why do you ask me?’ 115‘Because I thought from your name you might be a Frenchman,’ was the reply. Quick came the retort: ‘That is more than I can think of you, for I can kick a White out of every sod in Ireland.’

“But there is a deeper claim than mere name on my part to be one of you, since going back over my whole life from the time when I sat as a boy learning to read out of a primer, down to this night, I can look back to nothing of joy or sorrow, of success or failure, where some Irish American friend did not stand near me aiding in the realization or accomplishment of the one or sustaining and supporting in submission to the other.

“When the French Republic was born some one asked a great French orator to prove its existence. He said: ‘The Republic is like the sun; blind is he who sees it not.’ And so tonight I shall not attempt to recount the many and priceless services from the days of the Revolution to this time which the Irish American has rendered to the upbuilding of this great and free country which we possess and enjoy. Why should this be done, since their services shine down the pathway of our national life with an effulgence so bright that blind indeed must he be who sees them not.

“The question which I ask myself, therefore, is not the superfluous one of what the Irish Americans have done for our country, but what they owe it. By what means were they enabled to render the great services which they have rendered? The answer is clear. Their possibilities arose from the wise, the free institutions which our forefathers founded and under the shelter of which the Irish Americans were enabled here to seek a haven and to establish their new homes, thus affording them the opportunity of rendering the services which they have rendered to the expansion and preservation of our institutions.

“This being true, I ask myself the question, and I ask of each one of you, how best can we honor them? How best can we show our appreciation of the great work which they have done? The answer comes spontaneously to the mind: By preserving and perpetuating those institutions which have blessed them so much and which they have in return so helped to establish and preserve.

“As I look, Mr. President, at present conditions in our country, there are indications to my mind of great danger to our institutions. It seems to me I observe a tendency in the minds of the people to forget how vital to their perpetuation is the preservation of all the 116wise limitations which our forefathers ordained. It seems to me that there is a growing forgetfulness of the fact that the liberty which our fathers founded was not license but a liberty restrained by law; that the government which they established was one of limited powers and divided authority, national and local, each fulfilling their separate functions and each intended to move in their allotted sphere like the orbs of the Sidereal universe, thus securing the plenitude of local rights whilst at the same time obtaining national power and authority, not unlimited, but confined to its allotted orbit.

“I say that it seems to me there is a tendency to forget these things because it is observable at the present time that wherever an evil obtains which needs remedying the tendency of the public mind is to attribute the evil, not to a mistaken administration, but to the existence of some one of those great safeguards upon the preservation of which our institutions depend. So also it seems to me it is observable that there is a great tendency in the public mind, whenever it is deemed that a wrong requires remedy, to grow restive under the restraints imposed by constitutional limitations, to regard them as antiquated or obsolete, and thus seek to redress the wrong without regard to those limitations, forgetful of the great truth that whatever may be the temporary good to be accomplished by a disregard of the fundamental limitations of our Constitution, such good is insignificant in comparison with the untold harm which must result from overthrowing the very foundations upon which our government rests and by the adhering to which alone it can endure.

“Again, it seems to me that this tendency in the mind of the people generally finds manifestation in the exertion of the powers of government. There seems to me to be a growing tendency to chafe at the limitations on power which the Constitution imposes; to seek to accomplish some temporary good by means deemed to be the most direct, wholly without reference to the question whether the resort to such means will conflict with or set at naught those essential limitations upon power which the Constitution was expressly adopted to secure.

“With this danger confronting us may I not say that if we would honor and reverence the memory of the Irish Americans who have done so much for the upbuilding of our institutions, that we may best do it by seeing to it that the institutions which they have helped to build up shall be preserved in all of their integrity. Ah, then, if we would perform the duty of honoring those who have gone before, let us each and all fix in our hearts the enduring purpose to see to it that these evil tendencies are corrected and thereby renew and revivify our resolution to preserve and perpetuate our institutions.

HON. VICTOR J. DOWLING.

Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York.

Jurist, Author and Historian.

117“With this in mind, before I take my seat let me propose to you a toast: ‘The Irish American of today, and the Irish American to come. May they honor and reverence the memory of their forerunners by bringing the splendor of their courage, the generosity of their devotion and the keenness of their intellect to the perpetuation of the government which the fathers founded, embodying, as it does, liberty restrained from license, government, both national and local, with limited and defined powers in the continued existence of which our future of peace and prosperity are bound up and in whose perpetuation the hopes of all mankind who value true liberty are so intimately involved.’”

Mr. Justice White’s eloquent and graceful address received the closest attention, and great applause and cheering followed the stirring toast at the end.

President-General Quinlan: “Ladies and Gentlemen, some time ago I was present at an entertainment where the orator of the occasion bore an international reputation. The chairman of the evening took an hour and a quarter to introduce the gentleman, but his speech lasted only a quarter of an hour. Now I could take an hour and a half to introduce the next speaker to you, but I will just announce his name, the Hon. Victor J. Dowling, Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, who will respond to the toast “Irish Pioneers in New York.””

Judge Dowling said:

“While we know that an Irishman was in Columbus’ crew on his first voyage to the New World, we have no means of ascertaining whether any of his countrymen were on the ships of either Verrazano, Gomez or Hudson, upon the first three occasions when the Bay of New York was seen by Europeans. The mystery which has enveloped the early life of Hudson and which shrouded his end surrounds as well many of the details of his memorable cruise. We do know that besides the captain there were but two aboard that vessel out of its total equipment of from sixteen to twenty men who spoke English—Robert Juet of Limehouse, England, 118the captain’s clerk, who kept the journal of the voyage, and one John Colman, a sailor, referred to as an Englishman by Juet, but who may have been of Irish descent. He was evidently an experienced seafaring man and a follower of Hudson’s, for in the first known reference to the latter, which is the record of his voyage of discovery for the Muscovy Company, April 19, 1607, in search of a passage by way of the North Pole to Japan and China, Colman was one of the sailors. As Hudson passed the Highlands of Navesink September 1, 1609, and entered the lower bay, he was so impressed with its beauty that he described it as ‘a very good land to fall in with, and a pleasant land to see.’ On September 6 a boat’s crew was dispatched from the ship and, entering and passing the Narrows, beheld the first view of Manhattan Island. The land encircling the bay was covered with trees, grass and flowers and the air was filled with delightful fragrance. On their return the crew were attacked by Indians in two canoes, and John Colman was killed by an arrow piercing his throat—the first blood offering to the approaching civilization which was to revolutionize the hitherto peaceful scene.

“While the Dutch occupation of New Amsterdam continued, we find no positive traces of Irish names or inhabitants, save in two instances. One is the mention of the Irishman from Virginia who went to confession to Father Jogues in 1643, while the latter was temporarily sojourning in the town after his rescue by the Dutch from the hands of the Indians, and who advised the latter of the presence of Jesuit fathers in Virginia. The other is the name, several times appearing, of ‘Thomas, the Irishman,’ concerning whom I have been able to collect many scattered items. His real name was Thomas Lewis, although he is to be found referred to at various times as ‘Thomas, the Irishman,’ ‘the Irishman,’ and Lodewycksen or Lodewycksz, as well as by his proper name. He was the captain of one of Director Stuyvesant’s war yachts, which served for a dispatch-boat as well.

“His was an interesting career, and I am glad to be able to present some of its salient features, which may enjoy at least the merits of novelty. He was born in Belfast, and becoming involved in the Cromwellian wars, his family was dispersed, his two sisters first flying to Holland for refuge, where they afterwards died. They were followed by Lewis, who upon their death applied to the West India Company at Amsterdam and was by them sent to New York. 119In the Directors’ letter to Director Stuyvesant and his Council (June 14, 1656), they notify the latter: ‘In the ship Blauwe Duiff (Blue Dove) goes also over Thomas Lodewicksen, carpenter, for whom the Company, too, paid the fare, on condition of his remaining in New Netherland for three years, or if he leave before he must refund the passage money to you in Holland coin or its equivalent.’ The Blauwe Duiff arrived here September 5, 1656. Lewis appears to have gone to Albany (then Fort Orange) for in 1658 he was in partnership there with Reynier Wisselpennigh as carpenters and builders and they sued the local church for 270 guilders for building the ‘Doop-huysie’ (baptistry) and received the full amount. In 1661 his partner and he had differences over the cost of fitting out a sloop they were building. He must have come to New Amsterdam shortly thereafter, as the court records here show. In the meantime he had married, in Fort Orange, Geesje Barents.

“On October 17, 1662, Reiner Wisselpenninck brought suit against ‘Tomas, the Irishman’ in the Mayor’s Court at the City Hall, to recover a balance of six beavers due for a half-interest in a bark, and two beavers for a barrel of tar. Defendant counterclaimed and plaintiff had judgment for three beavers only. On May 29, 1663, certain tobacco contained in the bark of ‘Thomas, the Irishman’ and belonging to Samuel Etsal was attached in a suit against the latter. Hendrick Zanzen Smith sued Gysbert Frerickzen October 2, 1663, and in that action an attachment was levied on moneys belonging to defendant in the hands of ‘Thomas, the Irishman.’

“In June, 1663, Director Stuyvesant sailed from Manhattan to Wildwyck (Kingston) on Lewis’ yacht, and on the 15th of the month while lying in the ‘Long Reach’ (North River) he sent a message to the magistrates at Fort Orange, in the course of which he noted ‘this is written in haste on board of the Irishman’s yacht.’

“In the correspondence between Director Stuyvesant and Captain Cregier at the Esopus and in the minutes of the government of the latter reference is made five times in 1663 to the arrival of Lewis at ‘the redoubt’ at Esopus from Manhattan; on August 5th, on September 1st (when he and Claesje Hoorn came in their yachts) and on September 17th, 19th and 21st. On all these occasions he is referred to as ‘Thomas, the Irishman.’ In an order of the Council, August 29, 1663, Tomos Lodewyck and Claes Lock were ordered to await 120orders from Captain Cregier before the Redoubt (Roudont). This was during the Indian war in the Esopus.

“Thomas Lewis was an active and successful man, and in addition to being a ship-owner and pilot was evidently engaged in trade and in the sale of liquor. He first figured in the Mayor’s Court February 5, 1667, when he was sued by John Danrell, and the matter was referred to arbitrators. On the 7th of the same month he contributed eight beaver skins to the support of the minister. He was engaged in a long controversy with Simon Turcq in 1668 over 230 planks, which he claimed to have theretofore paid, and out of which rose a suit against Poulus Leenderson for ninety of the same boards. In 1669 he was sued by Warner Wessels, the city farmer, for taking into his house ’1 hogshead of rum and 3 anckers of stilled waters’ without accounting therefor. This suit he won. But he lost an action brought by Hendrick Obe to recover f.79.5 in wampum for the excise duties on some wine and beer. At a Council meeting held at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, November 7, 1671, it was ordered that no corn or provision be transported out of the Delaware River except what was then aboard the sloop of Thomas Lewis, then in the river, for which he was given a special license. In 1672 he sued William Waldron for borrowing his boat without his consent, and then setting it adrift, when it was thereafter found by John Benneco at Staten Island, who demanded salvage. The defendant was mulcted in the salvage and was directed to turn the boat over to the owner, who was to send his boy to the island to take possession of it. At a council held at Fort James January 27, 1673, permission was given to all vessels from this point to go up the Delaware River above New Castle, upon producing the Governor’s certificate in consequence of a complaint concerning Capt. Lewis’ sloop. During the Dutch re-occupation of the city, when war again threatened, we find in the ‘Records of New Amsterdam’ ‘that the Schout, Burgomasters and Schepens being assembled “Collegialiter” in the City Hall of New Orange March 10, 1674, they sent for the skippers and barquers of the city, when they were notified of the Governor General’s order that no more than two sloops shall go at once to Willemstadt and Esopus, and one to the South river, and that they sail alternately to be determined by lot; also that no passengers be conveyed without passports.’ Whereupon the skippers making 121known in turn their views, ‘Thomas Lewis is satisfied with what the Governor and Council decree.’

“We find records of trips made by him to Virginia, Boston, Rhode Island and the Delaware (South) River from 1665 to 1669, carrying merchandise of all kinds. September 26, 1671, Governor Lovelace promises ‘Mr. Tom’ at the Delaware to send him information by Peter Alrick ‘who tomorrow will embark in Tom the Irishman’s yacht.’ In 1675, he was appointed to make a calculation of the expense for building a new church in conjunction with Adolph Pieters and Abraham Jansen. We find that in 1678 he owned a sloop called the Katharine.

“In a list of the richest inhabitants of New York made February 19, 1674, Thomas Lewis is credited with the possession of property valued at 6,000 florins, Holland currency, only sixteen appearing therein as being wealthier. At the time of the English occupation he owned real estate on the west side of Pearl Street between Wall and William streets, then known as the Water Side, then valued at $10,000; also on the South Street (now William) between Hanover Square and Wall Street.

“From the records of the baptisms in the Dutch church we learn that he had eight children, named, respectively, Barent, Cornelia, Leendert, Catharina, Cornelia, Thomas, Cornelis and Rachel. Anthony Brockholst was one of the witnesses at the baptism of the last named in 1678. The descendants of Barent, Leendert (or Leonard) and Thomas are scattered throughout the Hudson Valley, and the family name appears at various times in the records as Lenwis, Leuis, Lieuwens, Lieuwes, Lieuwis, Lievens, Lievenszen, Lieuens, Liewensen, Liewes, and Liewis. In the New York Genealogical and Biographical Record (Volume XXXIV) the date of Thomas Lewis’ death is given as September 24, 1684, and his age as 56. His will was admitted to probate under Governor Dougan, April 1, 1686, and letters testamentary were issued to his wife Geesie Lewis. She then lived with her daughter Catharine along the Strand (Lang Strant) and they were members of the Dutch church. Her sons then living were Barent, Thomas and Leonard, with the eldest Lodiwick (apparently born at Fort Orange) who at the time of his father’s death was living with Lewis Thomson at Belfast, and thereupon returned to New York, where he died without issue.

“But there are some names of merchants doing business here from 1221643 to 1647 which, if not English, must be Irish, and while the present ascertainment of their exact nationality seems hopeless, yet careful research might still enroll them in the honor roll of Irish pioneers. These were Rev. Francis Doughty, the English minister, residing in Pearl Street, between Whitehall and State streets, who on March 28, 1647, received a grant of 6,666 (Dutch) acres of land at Mespath (Newtown patent); Robert Butler, residing on the same street, between Stone and Bridge streets; Michael Pickett, residing on Broad Street, near Beaver; and Thomas Sanderson, residing on Beaver Street, who received grants of land on this island July 13, 1643, October 25, 1653, and September 14, 1665.

“There was a Jan Patrickx or John Patrick here in 1653 and a James Code or Cody in 1658. Thomas Higgins was sued for value of 275 pieces of firewood on November 20, 1661, and by Thomas Hall for the return of a saw January 31, 1662.

“Among the names of those to whom grants of land under the Dutch occupancy were made were Thomas Hall, Thomas Chambers and George Holmes, each receiving more than one grant; the first two took the oath of allegiance to the English authorities between October 21 and 26, 1664.

“The English capture of New Amsterdam in 1664 did not, so far as we have any records, lead to any influx of Irish settlers here. So novel was their coming that we find reference made as a remarkable fact to the presence of the person, unnamed, who is supposed to have been the first direct Irish immigrant to New York, being an Irish girl, a servant in the household of Isaac Allerton, a well-known English tobacco merchant, and who was working therein in 1665, shortly after the English occupation. Little could she have dreamt of the host of her sister voyagers who brought to this country the spirit of devotion, of self-sacrifice, of faithful discharge of duty, which ultimately forced itself upon the grudgingly-given attention of the community and admiration for which as well as for the tenderness and purity of the women of the Irish race was the most potent force in tearing down the wall of hostility and hatred which intolerance and ignorance had reared in the way of the progress of the Irishmen in this country towards recognition, equality and success.

MR. JOHN J. DALY.

Of New York City.

An Earnest and Helpful Member of the Society.

123“Patrick Hayes must have been a resident of the city for some years. He apparently came from the colony of Maryland. We find a record of his service as a juryman in the Mayor’s Court on many occasions during the year 1666. He evidently was a tapster and hotel-keeper, for he had controversy with the excise in 1667. He must have been engaged in general business as well, for in suits between third parties moneys were attached in his hands in 1667 and he sued various parties for goods sold in 1667 and 1668. In two of these cases Thomas Carr was a joint plaintiff. In the action of William Urgent against John Ashman for slander, June 2, 1668, he was a witness to prove his knowledge of the plaintiff as a freeman in the province of Maryland. John Daaly was a plaintiff in two suits in the Mayor’s Court in 1670. John Quigly figures as a plaintiff in the Mayor’s Court against Ralph Huddison August 15, 1671, when he sued successfully to recover £16, 10 sh., for earthenware sold. He served as a juror in the same month, and was one of the arbitrators appointed in the suit of Samuel Bach and David Gomer against the Ketch Betty (attached). Dennis McKarty sued Thomas Edwards, master of the Ketch ‘Society’ in the Mayor’s Court October 24, 1671, to recover £5 for cutting and chipping logwood, and recovered judgment. He was himself sued by Samuel Hall November 14, 1671. Thomas Griffin was one of the public cartmen of the city February 13, 1672.

“During the intervening years, until the Dutch re-occupation in 1673, when its name was changed to New Orange, the city saw but few Irish faces and the list of the burghers contains no Irish names. Upon the re-cession of the city to England in 1674, when English rule became an assured fact, it is reasonable to suppose that some Irish arrivals must have been noted. Yet we can only surmise that from the names as we afterwards find them on the rolls. So, in 1674, Andrew Clare is recorded as owning land on Pearl Street, between Whitehall and State streets; in 1677, we note as residing here, William Walsh; in 1680, Abraham Corbett, a distiller, residing on Broadway near Exchange Place, and William Cox, flour merchant, residing on Hanover Square; in 1691, Lawrence Reade; in 1695, John Morris and Peter Matthews; in 1698, William Morris; in 1702, Thomas Flynn, surgeon, and Patrick Crawford; in 1703, John Barr, Thomas Carroll, Richard Flemming, Bartholomew Hart, Henry Mooney and Peter Moran; in 1708, Anthony Lynch; in 1710, Thomas Kearney; in 1711, James Maxwell. All these were freemen. In 1696, the then Governor Fletcher returned to the home authorities a list of eleven Irish Catholics residing in the city, none 124of whom was a burgher nor a landowner. Captain Evans, of the Richmond frigate, who was here with the Governor, was the son of an Irish shoemaker.

“It is significant that we first begin to notice Irish names after the administration of Governor Dongan had commenced. The commanding position held by an Irishman for the first time in Colonial history must have attracted to this colony many of his less favored compatriots, who found here not only a haven of refuge where they could practise their religion, but a favored spot where under his enlightened sway the hope of entire civil liberty was near realization. The life and services of Thomas Dongan have never received their just recognition at the hands of historians, nor do we realize the debt, which, as citizens of a great city, we owe this man whose conceptions of liberty were far in advance of his time. At the risk of triteness I cannot forbear epitomizing his career, for it is that of the first Irishman who not only figured prominently in the city’s history, but, as well, moulded its future and made it possible of achievement. Thomas Dongan, second Earl of Limerick, was born in 1634 at Castletown, County Kildare, Ireland, the youngest of the three sons of Sir John Dongan, Baronet. His mother was a sister of Richard Talbot, Earl of Tyrconnel and Lieutenant-Governor of Ireland. The family removed to France after the execution of Charles I, when Dongan entered the army and was commissioned by Louis XIV, in an Irish regiment, where he rose by degrees to the rank of Colonel. Returning to England after the Restoration, after declining an offer of preferment in the French Army, he was commissioned and an annual pension of five hundred pounds given him. In the same year, 1678, he was sent as Lieutenant-Governor to Tangier under Lord Inchiquin, where he served for two years, returning to London to spend the life of a man of society and a favorite at Court. Through the influence of the Duke of York he was made Governor of the Province of New York, his jurisdiction including parts of Maine besides Long Island, Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucket and all the land from the Connecticut River to Delaware Bay. He was also commissioned Vice-Admiral. Arriving in New York August 25, 1683, from Nantasket, he had on the way hither promised the inhabitants of the easterly end of Long Island that ‘no laws or rates for the future should be imposed but by a General Assembly’—but a slight foretaste of what he was really to accomplish. 125The population of the city was then less than four thousand and it extended from the Bay to the entrenchments along Wall Street. From the Collect Pond (the site of the Tombs) to the northwest towards the North River extended a marsh of seventy acres. From the Bouweries to Harlem there stretched a wood haunted by bears and wolves, and within the city walls themselves bear hunts took place in the orchards, one located between Cedar Street and Maiden Lane. Under his rule, general hunts were held to exterminate wolves from the city. The inhabitants were largely Dutch, but there were many French Huguenots and some few English. In this rather primitive community, great things were about to be done for liberty. Pursuant to his instructions from the Duke, Dongan ordered an election of a ‘General Assembly of all the freeholders by the persons whom they shall choose to represent them,’ in order to consider with the Governor and Council ‘what laws are fit and necessary to be made and established for the good weal and government of the said colony and its dependencies and all the inhabitants thereof,’ with full liberty of consultation and debate among the members. All laws passed were to be subject to the veto of the Governor, and if approved by him were to be submitted to the Duke of York, remaining effective until disapproved by him. It is to the glory of Dongan that he not only approved but initiated many of the revolutionary measures afterwards enacted. On September 13, 1683, a date memorable in the city’s history, the Freeholders of New York, Long Island, Esopus, Albany and Martha’s Vineyard were notified to elect representatives to meet in General Assembly in New York City on October 17th. Seventeen delegates responded, whereof four were from New York and Harlem. This first popular representative assembly met at Fort James, and Matthias Nicoll was speaker. Fourteen acts were passed, whereof the most important was, ‘The Charter of Liberties and Privileges granted by His Royal Highness to the inhabitants of New York and its dependencies.’ This was declared to be enacted ‘for the better establishing the government of this province of New York, and that justice and right may be equally done within the same.’ Among the provisions of this well-named Charter of Liberties were those providing for at least a triennial session of the General Assembly; that every freeholder and freeman should have the elective franchise without constraint or imposition; that majorities should decide every issue; that representatives should 126be apportioned among the counties; that the members should enjoy all the privileges of members of Parliament; and in fine extending to the inhabitants of this colony all the rights and privileges which Englishmen at home enjoyed under Magna Charta and the provisions of English law. Entire freedom of conscience and of religion were guaranteed to all peaceable persons ‘which profess faith in God by Jesus Christ,’ and the privileges of all existing churches and their discipline were protected. No tax was to be levied without the consent of the Governor, Council and Assembly, thus recognizing the principle which the people had wrested from Mary of Burgundy, in 1477, by the charter called ‘The Great Privilege.’ And thus, for the first time in America, the people were recognized as having legislative power and authority. Accepted by the Governor and proclaimed October 31, 1683, a new standard was set for popular liberty and popular aspiration so that Governor Hunter was able to write to Dean Swift, in 1704, ‘this is the plan of government they all aim at and make no scruple to own.’ The Duke of York accepted this charter October 4, 1684, but when he became King James II he refused to confirm it as being too liberal and implying too much recognition of the people as a political entity, and it died by his veto October 4, 1684. But the seed had been sown, and its growth could not be stopped. At the same session, courts of justice were by statute provided for; the naturalization of aliens was prescribed, and twelve counties were established in the province. To add to the other landmarks of his administration, a charter was granted to New York City April 27, 1686, which has since continued to be the basis of our municipal laws, rights, privileges, public property and franchises. ‘It was worded with care and showed that those who framed it were possessed of a broad and enlightened sense of the sanctity of corporate and private rights.’

“During all his busy rule, Dongan was kept occupied with questions of statesmanship which none but an able and resourceful man could have handled; whether adjusting boundary disputes with New Jersey, Pennsylvania or Connecticut, or outgeneralling the Governor General of Canada at his own game; whether negotiating with the Indians or planning combinations with the other colonies to resist French aggression or undertake offense operations;—in every phase of his varied activities he displayed resourcefulness, tact and power.

“He was a humane man. Under the Duke’s laws, in force from 1271665 to 1683, no Christian could keep a slave; but the New Yorkers, being unable to keep pace with the New Englanders, who habitually used their services, slaves were allowed to be kept by orders from England. But in the instructions which Dongan issued May 29, 1686, it was directed that no cruelty should be practised upon them, and the wilful killing of Indians and negroes was to be punished with death. We find as well on October 6, 1687, he proposed to his Council that some means be found for releasing Spaniards and other free people who were held here as slaves and that he forbade their masters either to sell or trade such persons pending their appeal for liberty. Again, July 30, 1688, he ordered that ‘all Indian slaves within the province, subjects of the King of Spain, that can give an account of their Christian faith and say the Lord’s Prayer shall be forthwith set at liberty, and sent home at the first convenience, and likewise them that shall hereafter come to this Province.’

“The troubles accumulating in England found their echo here and the King prohibited the establishing of printing-presses here, and on January 20, 1687, dissolved the popular Assembly. In that year Dongan wrote ‘one of the most careful as well as most honest pictures of his provincial government which an American subordinate ever sent home to his English sovereign.’ In the course of it he says: ‘I believe for these seven years past there has not come over into this province twenty English, Scotch or Irish families.’

“The entire winter of 1687 he spent at Albany, supervising the protection of the colony against the French, and being without financial help from the other settlements, he pledged his personal credit and mortgaged his farm on Staten Island for £2,000 to meet the expenses of the expedition then raised.

“On March 23, 1688, he was superseded as Governor by Andros, who was made Governor General of New England in America, comprising all of British North America, except Pennsylvania. Dongan was offered the rank of Major General, which he refused in order to remain in New York. His homestead was at Hempstead, Long Island. He owned a hunting lodge on his estates at Castleton, Staten Island, which were named after his original home; and he had property at Martha’s Vineyard as well. His city residence was on Broadway, between Maiden Lane and Ann Street, where his flower garden was a special feature. Between these places he spent 128his time, seeking to rebuild his fortune, severely shattered by his expenditures for the protection of the colony he loved, until the reins of power fell into the hands of Jacob Leisler, after the flight of James II to France, when Dongan was hunted as a rebel and enemy of the new régime, and driven to seek refuge on his brigantine, on which he kept in hiding in the lower Bay. The winds being adverse, he was unable to sail away, and flying to New York in secret, thence to New London, to Hempstead, to New Jersey, and to Boston the first advocate of popular rights was finally forced to escape the persecutions of the people, whose liberties he had assured, by sailing to England in 1691. Never repaid any considerable part of the fortune he had spent to defend the honor of his country and the safety of her colony, he died, without issue, December 14, 1715, at the age of eighty-one years. With him the history of Irish activity in New York may well be said to begin. While he came here as an official, he identified himself with the Colony and with the City, and grew so to love it that no honors appealed to him which involved leaving it. To have been the means of assisting in conferring upon a people popular government, civic liberty and religious freedom in an age of despotism and persecution, is an honor which reflects credit upon the race to which he belonged, as well as upon himself. He has been characterized by historians as ‘an excellent and prudent magistrate’ (Winsor); ‘a man of integrity, moderation and genteel manners, who may be classed among the best of our governors’ (Smith); ‘his firm and judicious policy, his steadfast integrity and his pleasing and courteous address soon won the affections of the people and made him one of the most popular of the Royal governors’ (Booth); ‘of a noble, praiseworthy mind and spirit’ (Gov. Hinckley); ‘a ruler who for breadth of mind, wide sympathy and executive ability stands far in advance of his times and measured by the system of government which he inaugurated, is easily one of the most attractive and momentous personages in American Colonial History’ (Driscoll). It is significant that this great Irish pioneer should have been an office holder, a tradition which the race did not forget when its hour of opportunity arrived. It may be said at this time that three other royal governors of the colony were of Irish birth, the Earl of Bellomont, who served from 1698, and who was the son of Baron Coote of Colooney; William Cosby, who arrived August 1, 1732, and who was an Equerry of the Queen, 129Colonel of the Royal Irish Regiment and the tenth son of Alexander Cosby of Stradbally, Queens County; and Sir William Tryon, the last of the line. But no one of these ever identified himself with the colony or is to be reckoned with as a constructive force.

“After Dongan departs from the scene, we again have a long period of silence upon Irishmen in New York. The meagerness of detail as to anything affecting their names, their activities or their achievements is disheartening. Much of it may be attributed to the lack of wealth or social standing upon the part of those who immigrated here in the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth centuries. Much may be charged to their desire to conceal themselves from persecution and worse. There must have been refugees here from Virginia, New England and the Barbadoes, where penal laws were savagely enforced. Maryland must have furnished its quota when religious liberty was abolished. But New York seems never to have been so favorite a resort for the persecuted as Pennsylvania. Then again many redemptioners must have come here, when their time of service had expired. These were the immigrants who were unable to pay their passage and who on arriving were sold for a specified time to those who would reimburse the ship captain for their carriage.

“In October, 1700, a number of recruits arrived in New York from Ireland, and one of them, Cottrill, a former ensign in King James’ army, was shot in the Fort here for participation in a mutiny. It is evident from reading the record that these men had been impressed into the service and coming here involuntarily, sought freedom on their arrival. In the answers which Brigadier Hunter sent to Secretary Popple, August 11, 1720, he wrote: ‘The inhabitants increase day by day from New England, and of late from the North of Ireland.’

“Among the North of Ireland emigrants to New York are many who figured prominently in the religious life of the colony. Rev. Charles Inglis, afterwards Rector of Trinity Church, came here as a missionary in 1759. In 1766 Philip Embury arrived, and helped to found the John Street Church. He is among the pioneers of the Methodist Episcopal Church in America. In that year Paul Runkle, Luke Rose, Jacob Heck, Peter Barkman and Henry Williams, all referred to as Irish Palatines, landed. Charles White and 130Richard Sause, prominent in Methodist circles, came from Dublin in 1766, and later, John McClaskey and Paul Hick.

“Major Henry Dawson left Dublin in 1760 and resided here for many years, serving as Clerk of the Common Council for twenty-six years.

“Among the freemen of the city we find the following significant names: 1740, Bartholomew Ryan; 1741, John Ryan and John Lamb; 1743, Patrick Phagan, John McGie, John Christie, John Brannigan, John Connelly, Andrew Cannon, William Blake; 1744, Andrew Carroll, Anthony Glin; 1745, Benjamin Daly, John Carr, Bryan Nevin; 1746, Donald McCoy, Hugh Rogers; 1747, Timothy Allan, Hugh Mulligan, James Welch, Hugh Gill, John McGoers, Jr., Alexander McCoy; 1748, Philip Hogan, Matthew Morris; 1749, Alexander Connelly, physician. In 1761 the poll list included seventy-four characteristic Irish names.

“Immigration from Ireland to the colonies in general did not become noticeable until 1718. It was then a steady influx, though not very large in numbers, until 1755, when it fell off and remained of less amount until after the Revolution. At the outset, the Irish families immigrating were almost entirely Presbyterians. The first Presbyterian clergyman in New York was Rev. Francis McKemie, born in Ireland, who arrived here in 1707. He was a brave and fearless man, whose pulpit utterances led to his trial for libel, upon which he was acquitted. The large Catholic exodus did not begin until after our Independence had been achieved. A prominent citizen of New York in the eighteenth century was Sir Peter Warren, born in County Meath in 1702, and the uncle of the famous William Johnson, also born in County Meath in 1715, whose life is a romance. Warren was a very heavy real estate holder in the city, owning 260 acres here, much of his holdings being of land which since has become enormously valuable. Warren Street is named after him. He was a prominent social figure in Colonial life. Among the names of those who were active in commercial life in New York City, prior to the Revolution, are many Irishmen, who figured as some of the most successful and reputable merchants of their time. Such were the two Wallaces, Alexander and Hugh, who were in business from 1750, Hugh being the second President of the Chamber of Commerce; Miles Sherbrooke, one of the founders of the Chamber in 1768, and a member of the Committee of Correspondence, the advance 131guard of the Revolution; Patrick McDavitt, an auctioneer in Kings Street, from 1768; Alexander Mulligan, an importer of Irish goods, beef, linen and other commodities; Hercules Mulligan, a merchant tailor; Oliver Templeton, an auctioneer; Daniel McCormick, also an auctioneer. During the time of the Revolution and following it, we find the names of Michael Connolly, dealer in lumber; William and James Constable, in the West Indian, China and Indian trade; the Pollocks, Carlisle, George and Hugh; John Haggerty, an auctioneer; William Edgar; John Glover; John W. and Philip Kearney, commission merchandise; John and Nathan McVickar, linen drapers; Alexander McComb, a fur dealer and then a land speculator, who invested heavily in city real estate; and Michael Hogan, in the commission and shipping business, who owned, and in memory of his birthplace in County Clare, named the northern part of his holdings, Claremont. All these men were representative, flourishing men, who stood as high in public esteem as any of the residents of the city of that day. They were all either Irish by birth or by immediate descent. How many of their poorer fellow-countrymen were then here we have no means of knowing, but it is significant that while the Jews had a synagogue here from 1730, there was no Catholic place of worship from the time when Dongan had Mass said within the Fort until the year 1786.

“Lieutenant-General John Maunsell was born in 1724, the son of Richard Maunsell of Limerick, a member of Parliament from 1741 to 1761. Commissioned as an ensign in 1741, he was at the sieges of Louisburg, Quebec, Montreal, Martinique and Havana, during which time he rose to be Captain and finally in 1761 Major of the 60th or Royal Americans. He was gazetted for gallantry Lieutenant-Colonel of the 83d Regiment October 31, 1762, and was thereafter transferred to the 27th Foot (Iniskillings). He had received for his services a grant of land adjoining Major Skene’s at Whitehall (old Skenesborough). Coming to New York City, he married for his second wife Elizabeth Stillwell, widow of Captain Peter Wraxall, at Trinity Church, June 11, 1763. He lived here with his wife at Greenwich, in the Ninth Ward, in property belonging to Oliver DeLancey, until he sailed for England with other loyalists in May, 1775, leaving his wife behind him. Returning for her in 1776, he then went to Kinsale, in Ireland, where he had received an appointment which he had requested in order to avoid serving 132against the Colonies. October 19, 1781, he was gazetted Major-General on half pay in the Irish Establishment. Living in London until 1784 he resided in New York continuously thereafter, his city house being at 11 Broadway. He was made Lieutenant-General October 12, 1793. He owned a farm of 60 acres on Harlem Heights, between Morris and Watkins places, the site now being divided by St. Nicholas Avenue. He died July 27, 1795, and was buried in the Bradhurst vault in Trinity Cemetery.

“Another striking figure of pre-Revolutionary days, and an aggressive if unpopular one, was Hugh Gaine, the printer. And it is strange that after Bradford and Franklin, the two great figures in the early history of printing in America should be those of Irishmen—Gaine in New York and Matthew Carey in Philadelphia. Gaine has been a much-abused man and was very unpopular during the Revolutionary period, but he is an example of a successful business man. Born at Belfast in 1726, he was apprenticed at an early age to James McGee, a printer there. He emigrated to New York in 1745 ‘without basket or burden,’ and secured employment with James Parker at wages of $1.25 a week. He went into the business of bookselling in 1752 in partnership with William Weyman, a former apprentice of William Bradford. A characteristic advertisement of the period is the following: ‘To be sold by Weyman & Gaine at their House on Hunters’ Key, next door but one to Mr. Perry’s, Watchmaker; Bibles of different Sizes, with and without the Common Prayer; gilt and plain Common Prayers of most sorts, Church and Meeting Psalm Books, History of the New Testament, History of the Five Indian Nations, Account of the Earthquake at Lima, Ovid’s Metamorphosis, Virgil, Cornelius Nepos, Mariners’ Compasses, Scales and Dividers, Writing paper by the Quire or Sheet, also choice good Bonnet Papers.’ On August 3, 1752, Gaine alone commenced the publication of the New York Mercury at the same store, the subscription being twelve shillings per year, and advertisements of a moderate length were published for five shillings each. He sold books and stationery as well at this time, and his was one of two stores where theatre tickets were sold. After various migrations the business was finally located at the Bible and Crown in Hanover Square in 1745. During a bitter controversy caused by the attempt of the Presbyterians to curb what they thought was the undue dominance of the Episcopalians, a letter in the form of a petition ostensibly coming from the Irish residents in New York, was sent by a committee for insertion in the Mercury, to be published anonymously; but the letter was in bad English, misspelled and full of ridiculous exaggerations—all purposely done—and Gaine refused to print it as a reflection on the Irish nation, of which he was proud. The Mercury, in 1758, in announcing the fall of Louisburg, printed a wood cut diagram of the fortress—an unusual piece of enterprise for the times. That printers did not then consider advertising the principal feature of their papers may be inferred from his apology in an issue of 1759: ‘We hope those of our customers whose advertisements are omitted this week will not take it amiss, it being occasioned by the agreeable advice received from the Fleet and Army at Quebec.’ In this connection it may be noted that in 1755 he had offered for sale ‘A very few brass mounted Broad Swords, late the property of his Most Christian Majesty; so that the purchaser, in case of a French war, will have the advantage of his enemies, as he can encounter them with their own weapons.’ He offered for sale at various times corkscrews, razors and wafers; playing cards, blacking balls and liquid blacking; boots, pumps and shoes; hogs’ fat, shaving soap and German flutes; a parcel of choice Irish butter, lottery tickets and patent medicines.

MR. EDMOND J. CURRY.

Of New York City.

A Member of the Society.

133“Many books issued from his press, including a series of almanacs. But his bookselling and newspaper furnished his chief source of wealth. His paper was delivered in the city by messenger. We find him advertising in 1780: ‘Wanted, a Person that will engage to deliver this paper to the Customers in Town for twelve months or longer. Good encouragement will be given. He need not attend more than four hours every Monday.’ Printing paper being scarce, he continually advertised for rags to be brought to him for purchase and in 1760 he commenced advertising in this form: ‘Ready money for clean Linen Rags to be had at H. Gaines’.’ In 1773 a paper mill was established at Hempstead by him and two of his friends.

“Among the important printing done by his press was ‘The Votes and Proceedings of the General Assembly,’ whereof the first volume appeared in 1764, the second in 1766. Appointed Public Printer by the colony, January 15, 1768, he also became the official City printer. General Gage’s famous proclamation of June 12, 1775, was printed by him, the work being done here that it might remain a 134secret in Boston until published. Up to this time Gaine had given every proof of being in sympathy with the cause of freedom, so that he was forced to fly to Newark when the British occupied New York in 1776. The authorities seized his printing plant here and published the New York Gazette therefrom, using his name for a time as proprietor. Tiring of his exile, he evidently made terms with the invaders, for he returned to New York and his business was restored to him, the first issue of the resumed paper dating from November 11, 1776, leaving behind him his press at Newark, which was promptly seized by the patriots and a paper printed thereon for some time. From this time on he was a thorough going Tory, and was the subject of particularly virulent attack from the Americans, the Pennsylvania Journal in 1777 for example enquiring: ‘Who is the greatest liar upon earth? Hugh Gaine of New York.’ But he lived through the turmoil and after freedom was obtained, he continued doing business. In 1788, against violent protest, he received the contract for printing the paper money for the State of New York. He was Treasurer and Vice-President of the St. Patrick’s Society, a vestryman of Trinity Church and an active Mason. He owned a country home at Kings Bridge Road, and a large tract of land at Canajoharie. He bought and sold land in the city, there being records of twenty-four parcels of land sold by himself or his executors.

“Gaine died April 27, 1807, at the ripe age of eighty-one, and was buried in Trinity Churchyard. Two of his children had predeceased him, and three survived, as well as his second wife. His executors were his son-in-law, John Kemp, and his friends Richard Harrison and Daniel McCormick, the latter already referred to. His lines had not fallen in pleasant places during the Revolution and his abandonment of the patriot cause was never entirely forgiven, but as a business man his integrity was never questioned.

“It is not my purpose to refer to Irish activity in the city during Revolutionary days, for that would be a field worthy of independent study and treatment. The roll of the martyrs of the Jersey prison ship, for example, is studded with Irish names. Nor is it pertinent to our subject, for no pioneers came here then, as the tide of immigration practically stopped during the war, although it is worthy of note that Richard Montgomery, destined to undying fame, bought a farm at Kingsbridge in 1773, and had intended to make this city his 135home. He was born at Swords, near Feltrim, Ireland. Like nearly all the Irish of New York, he did not hesitate a moment before casting his life and fortune into the balance when the call to arms came.

“But after the declaration of peace the Irish Catholic influx began. Among those whose names have survived, no one stands higher than Dominick Lynch. Born in Galway in 1754, he received a thorough education and went to Bruges in Flanders to open a commercial house, in which he accumulated a fortune. There he met Don Thomas Stoughton (afterwards his brother-in-law and Spanish Consul at New York) with whom he entered into partnership for the establishment of business in New York. Stoughton came here first, arriving in 1783, and Lynch followed in 1785, with his fortune in ready money, the largest sum brought to the colonies in many years. The firm dissolved in 1795. Lynch lived in luxury, occupying a house on Broadway, near the Battery, adjoining that of the Spanish Minister. He was a prominent figure in assisting in the establishment of the first Catholic Church in New York. Tradition has it that the first Catholic congregation worshipped in Ann Street, where they were ministered to by Rev. Ferdinand Farmer, and we find later a record of another composed of Frenchmen and Spaniards, who met in a building in Warren Street, known as Vaux Hall, where Rev. Charles Whelan, a Capuchin, was their pastor in 1784. St. Peter’s Church was incorporated, succeeding them, June 10, 1785. Lynch helped from his private purse to meet their needs and was one of the trustees and incorporators. He issued an appeal to the people of Galway for funds to help in building the church, most of the Irish in the fold coming from that County. He was one of the laymen authorized by Bishop Carroll to receive subscriptions for the establishment of Georgetown Academy (now the University) and was one of the signers of the address on behalf of the Catholics of America to General George Washington, four being laymen, and Bishop Carroll, the fifth. One of his sons was baptized in St. Peter’s Church—Alexander Didacus—born April 23, 1788, and for whom His Excellency Didacus de Gardoqui, Ambassador of Spain, was a sponsor. He owned two thousand acres of land adjoining Fort Stanwix on the Mohawk River, where he laid out a village called Lynchville, which afterwards became the city of Rome. His county seat was in Westchester County, on the site of the present Sacred Heart Academy, at Classon-on-the-Sound, said to have been 136the place where Mass was first said in that county. He died June, 1825, and was buried in Old Saint Patricks. His son, Dominick, was a vocalist, musician, musical critic and general society favorite, whose house was the favored resort of the most brilliant people of his time. He lived in Greenwich Street, near the Battery, and is thought to have been instrumental with Lorenzo da Ponte, the librettist of “Don Giovanni” and “Le Nozze di Figaro,” in having brought to New York the first Italian Grand Opera troupe under Garcia, when Mme. Malibran first won success and laid the foundation of her fame.

“Cornelius Heeney, born in Kings County, Ireland, in 1754, was another contemporaneous successful merchant. He was a bookkeeper for William Backhous, an English Quaker furrier, at 40 Little Dock (now Water) Street. John Jacob Astor was a porter and salesman there. When Backhous retired from business he turned it over to Astor and Heeney, who afterwards dissolved partnership. He was a very wealthy and a very charitable man, and his benefactions still continue, through the agencies he created, to maintain them. He was one of those who took title to new Saint Patricks, the other being Andrew Morris, a successful soapmaker, also born in Ireland.

“A trio of great men who came to New York after the rising of ’98 were Thomas Addis Emmet, Dr. William James McNevin and William Sampson. The lives, high professional attainments and success of the first two are too well known to require more than a passing reference. They did immeasurable good in instilling respect for Irish characteristics and admiration for Irish genius. Emmet exercised a potent influence on the early political history of the country. His location in this city, instead of going to Ohio as he had intended, was due to the advice of Governor George Clinton, and was followed by his election as Attorney-General of the State within eight years after his reaching these shores. The monument to his memory in St. Paul’s churchyard is a fitting companion to the memorial to General Montgomery. He collaborated with Doctor MacNevin in the production of ‘Pieces of Irish History.’ Doctor MacNevin, in the midst of a busy and highly lucrative practice, and while acting as a professor in a medical college, found time to establish a bureau to obtain places for Irish servant girls, and to publish “Directions or Advice to Irishmen 137Arriving in America.” William Sampson, the third of the number, was born in Londonderry, Ireland, January 17, 1764. He held a commission in the Irish Volunteers, after studying at Dublin University and being admitted as a barrister. His sympathy with the patriots and his brilliant professional defense of members of the United Irishmen led to his arrest after the uprising and his confinement in prison for some time. After his release he was re-arrested in Portugal, whither he had gone for safety, and was imprisoned on the complaint of the British Government. Secretly taken to France, he finally came to New York, arriving here July 4, 1806. He then practised stenography, as well as his profession of the law, ranking second only to Thomas Lloyd, the great reporter of Congress, as a shorthand writer. His notes furnished the basis of many volumes of reports. But as a lawyer he was especially successful and made a reputation for wit, forcefulness, ability and integrity. His daughter married a son of Theobold Wolf Tone. When Sampson removed to Washington in 1825, he was presented with an address from the citizens of New York, among the signers being James Kent and DeWitt Clinton.

“The years after the Revolution were fruitful of steady Irish arrivals, without much of great note occurring. A careful study of the statistics of the first third of the nineteenth century, so far as they are available, would doubtless be productive of good results. By 1833 there were 40,000 Irish-born residents here, it was then estimated. This growth had been gradual, but hardly remarked, and certainly was not expected. This may well be realized when we know that the graveyard in the rear of St. Peter’s Church answered all the purposes of burial for the Irish Catholics at the outset, and, until old St. Patrick’s site was bought from St. Peter’s Church in 1801, to serve for a general Catholic burial ground. It is also worthy of note that no move for a larger cemetery was made until 1826, when the site of the present Cathedral was bought at a cost of $5,500 for that purpose by the parishes of St. Peter’s, St. Patrick’s and St. Mary’s, but was abandoned after a few years’ trial as being too far out in the country. Of course, a tremendous tide of Irish immigration set in after the famine years of 1846, 1847 and 1848. But before that time, the period of the pioneers had ceased, and that of construction had begun. It ended in New York with the arrival of Bishop John Hughes. Under his masterful guidance the position 138of the Irish here completely changed; from the dwarfed and apologetic attitude which many of his people had theretofore assumed, they rose to man’s estate. He asserted their rights and made them realize the justice of their appeal for fair treatment and decent consideration. He courageously defended them from unjust attack and took every possible occasion to announce the splendor of their history and the value to American citizenship of their racial characteristics. Impressing himself on the country, and finally winning its confidence, he did more than any other one man has ever done to make the Irish people an active, useful, aggressive force in the community. He pointed out the way by which they have since risen from poverty, misery and persecution—from an isolation worse than the Ghetto—to a position so commanding as to seem almost miraculous.

“There is an impression that Irish immigration is a matter of only half a century. From this hasty sketch we have seen that it is a matter of gradual growth, the earlier citizens being successful merchants, adding to their capital, the later being the industrious, if humble, whom necessity had driven abroad from a land which no other force could have induced them to leave. Let us hope that the inspiration of this Society may lead some one to undertake this seemingly hopeless task of wresting from the past the record of those who, today unknown, did the work whose fruits we are all enjoying. All honor to the early exiles, whose very names are forgotten, and yet who, hungry, exhausted from toil, hated and despised, with their very heartstrings throbbing with the grief of a sensitive race justly proud of its glorious traditions, then scorned and derided,—yet in silence and resignation built deep and solid the foundations of the free institutions of our country. Without these pioneers the history of Irish genius and its accomplishments would have been the less glorious, but without them there would have been as well a different tale to write of this latest experiment in human freedom. New York owes that race a particular debt of gratitude, which gave to the State its first Governor, George Clinton, the son of a County Longford emigrant, and his kinsman, DeWitt Clinton, the father of the Erie Canal; which gave to the city its first mayor, James Duane, an Irishman’s son; and which gave to the city fame as the scene of the first successful attempt to conquer a way over the waters by the use of steam, when the son of a Kilkenny man, Robert Fulton, saw 139the fruition of his dreams as the Clermont sailed the Hudson, August 11, 1807.

“Irishmen and their sons have always been fond of the city which to them symbolized the freedom and opportunity of the West. New York has been the haven of their hopes. Here their eyes, still dim with tears at the thought of Erin, first saw the glimmerings of hope and confidence. She has honored and enriched their sons, and they have not been ungrateful nor unworthy. From tens of thousands of Irish hearts, when the hour for the closing of their earthly pilgrimage was near at hand, has gone up an aspiration for her continued prosperity who had not forgotten the stranger within her gates. Many an Irishman has voiced the wish which Diedrich Knickerbocker was represented as uttering as the expression of the Dutchman’s love: ‘Haply this frail compound of dust, which while alive may have given birth to nothing but unprofitable weeds, may form a humble sod of the valley, whence may spring many a sweet wild flower to adorn my beloved island of Mannahata!’”

Judge Dowling’s address met with hearty applause and he received many compliments upon the masterly manner with which he handled the difficult subject assigned him.

President-General Quinlan: “Ladies and Gentlemen, I have much pleasure in announcing to you that the next speaker of the evening, who comes from the garden spot of the Middle West and who will respond to the toast of ‘The Irish Pioneers of the West and Their Descendants,’ is the Hon. Maurice T. Moloney, Ex-Attorney General of the State of Illinois.”

Hon. Maurice T. Moloney:

“Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the American Irish Historical Society:

“The subject suggested for me to talk on, ‘The Pioneer Irish of the West and Their Descendants,’ is one of great latitude, yet it is one that has not been historically treated as it deserves. I hope, however, in the short time I propose to devote to it, I will not fall into the same line of thought as did one of Moore’s characters. In the Veiled Prophet of Korassan, the great chamberlain, Fadladeen, 140when about to criticise the young poet’s story, said: ‘In order to convey with clearness my opinion of the story this young man has related, it is necessary to take a review of all the stories that have ever’—and when at this point he was interrupted by the good Princess, he became mortified at not being allowed to show how much he knew about everything but the subject immediately before him. Bearing in mind, then, Fadladeen’s misadventure, still, we should not be unmindful of our migration hither, and some of the causes that led to it.

“The successive misfortunes that have overtaken that unfortunate people ever since Nicholas Brekespear gave a quit-claim deed of them to Henry II constitute even in the blood-stained pages of English history some of the greatest tragedies of ancient or modern times, and should lead some at least of those good people who believe in future rewards and punishments to consign that same Brekespear to a warm abode.

“It is needless, no doubt, to tell Irishmen or their descendants, or those interested in Irish history, of the many migrations from that country. During the latter part of the seventeenth and the first part of the eighteenth centuries, hundreds of thousands of them filled the continental armies and many other thousands, young and old, were banished to the West Indies and the colonies, as helots, under the direction of that brutal, canting knave, Cromwell, and others. I will call your attention, however, for a few moments only, to some of the migrations of the nineteenth century.

“I find on an examination of the Report of the Devon Commission to Parliament in 1845, that in the decade from 1831 to 1841, 430,963 emigrants left Ireland. I further find from an examination of Irish Immigration Statistics, that in the following decade from 1841 to 1851, 1,508,454 left the Island, and from 1851 to 1907, 4,130,015 persons emigrated from that unfortunate country, making a total leaving the Island in seventy odd years of 6,069,432. The present population of that country is about four and a half millions—a little less. What a terrible indictment of England and her seven centuries of oppression! No language that I am capable of using could more eloquently depict her continued infamies than that contained in these statistics.

“Of course, all of these people did not come to this country. Some went to other countries, especially to the Antipodes, but the great bulk of them came to the Great Republic, where many thousands of their kith and kin had preceded them.

HON. HUGH McCAFFREY.

Philadelphia, President McCaffrey File Co.

Vice-President of the Society for Pennsylvania.

141“It would be interesting as well as instructive to follow up and trace the careers and fortunes of those Irish exiles and their descendants who thronged the shores and trod the soil of the Republic. It has never been done so far as I know. McGee, in the fifties, and Maguire, in the sixties, each wrote a small volume on the subject, and they are of some value to the student of history. Of this great swarm, how many crossed the Alleghanies and steered their course for the West? It is difficult to say. We have not even approximately correct data on the subject.

“I think, however, I am safe in saying that half of those who came to this country within the last named period did so. In the Middle West, in the great states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and Iowa,—indeed, in all the great western states—there is not a county, city or village where they or their descendants are not to be found in goodly numbers. Thank Heaven! race suicide has not as yet overtaken them.

“Maguire, in his work written in the sixties, advised his countrymen to settle in the West, especially in the state of California. His advice, no doubt, carried great weight and influenced many of them in seeking Western homes.

“I remember, as a boy in Ireland, reading his lectures on the subject, and subsequently, after graduating at the University of Virginia, I determined to go to California, but straightened conditions intervening, I was compelled to remain in Illinois. Hence, I am fairly familiar with the people of that great State, and I think the history of the Irish there would be fairly typical of them in other Western States.

“And now I think I hear you ask—what of them? What have they done, and what are they doing, in what many of you Eastern gentlemen are pleased to call the ‘wild and woolly West.’ To be frank, taking into consideration their old home conditions, and the circumstances attending their coming, they are doing and have done fairly well. They were mostly of the tenant farming class and day laborers. Manufacturing in Ireland long prior to this time ceased to be a factor, having been either abolished, or prevented by successive English Parliaments. They were of necessity very poor, they and their forebears for centuries having been plundered by heartless 142tyrants. No people prefer indigence and want to prosperity. It was artificially enforced poverty that compelled them to emigrate.

“On arriving in the West, therefore, they were for the most part forced to occupy the hard lot of the unskilled laborer, and I may say without fear of contradiction, what they undertook to do they did well. They dug our great canals, built our great lines of railroads, erected our telegraph lines from Chicago to San Francisco and helped to operate them. They engaged in farming and stock raising and have been successful in both. There is not a public utility in the West whose physical structure at least does not owe its existence in the main to Irish hands; and let it not be forgotten, too, that gradually, as these men were able to put by a little of their hard earnings, they tried to elevate themselves and their children in the various walks of life. They did not rest content with their lot. They knew their natural capabilities and tried to and did improve them. Many of them, too, were men of initiative. Of course, the rich and the learned, as a rule, were not among them. People of that kind do not have to leave their country to seek homes in other climes. Labor, however, manual or otherwise, is no disgrace; rather is it a badge of respectability.

“Of course many of them,—alas, too many,—fell by the way.

“As to the work done by our people in the West, take as an illustration the Illinois & Michigan Canal, which begins at Chicago on the southern bend of Lake Michigan and enters the Illinois River at La Salle, a distance of a hundred miles. From its inception to its close the work was mainly done by Irish emigrants. It has been to Illinois and the West a great benefit. Not only was this great work done by the labor of Irishmen, but its successful accomplishment in a financial way was due to the exertions of one of them. In 1842 work on the canal had to be abandoned because of the financial condition of the State Treasury. At that time the counties of La Salle, Grundy and De Kalb constituted a Senatorial District, and a young Irishman twenty-six years of age, one Michael Ryan, was elected State Senator from there. He was, even at that early age, easily the peer of any man in the West. So thoroughly did he master the subject both as to the necessities of the canal and its resources 143that he introduced and carried through the State Legislature, not without opposition, however, a bill enabling the State to borrow one million, six hundred thousand dollars, to complete the work. The Governor at the time, recognizing his great ability, appointed him and a Mr. Oakley agents for the State to proceed to London and borrow that sum—no small amount for those days. They succeeded in doing so. It is said of him (and there are those still living in my home town who knew him well and speak of him with affection) that he was a brilliant man, kind and courteous, an honest man. To him did the State of Illinois mainly owe its success in raising the means to complete that great undertaking.

“Another leading Irishman in Illinois in those days was one William Reddick, a State Senator for many years, a leading temperance advocate, and a man of whom any people might be proud. He left a large fortune to the city of Ottawa for library purposes. Many of the younger emigrants learned trades and became skilled workmen. Many of them engaged in the mercantile business, at the beginning in a small way, but eventually became prosperous. So, too, did they engage in manufacturing. Many of them owned coal mines and of course many, very many, were miners. The Kilgubbin coal shaft, as it was called, a valuable property in the county I reside in, was owned and operated by one Nicholas Duncan, a Cork man.

“Of course, of the hundreds of thousands of Irishmen who have lived and still live with their descendants in the great city of Chicago, it is not possible for me to give more than a passing glance, and say that they are among the leading business men, lawyers, doctors and financiers of that great metropolis. Volumes might be written about them.

“There were not many professional men among those early emigrants. There was one, however, who deserves special mention. His name was E. G. Ryan. He was born in Dublin and came to Illinois in the thirties. He practised law in that State and was recognized at once as being among the leaders of the bar. He afterwards moved to Wisconsin and there became Chief Justice of the Court of Last Resort of that State. He was a profound lawyer, a regular encyclopædia of learning. He was probably the greatest jurist of the West, and there are those who say that he would bear favorable comparison with the great John Marshall. He has been dead for some few years.

144“Very many of the descendants of those pioneers entered the different professions. In law and medicine they easily hold their own in the West. The ablest, all-around lawyer I ever met was Thomas A. Moran of Chicago, for a time Judge of the Circuit and Appellate Courts in that State. He, too, has passed out into the Great Beyond.

“Another who made history might also be mentioned.

“In early days, as we say out West, one John H. Mulkey, then about twenty years old, came to the southern part of the State of Illinois from the State of Tennessee, as an itinerant Methodist preacher. Being a man of good sense, he soon abandoned the ministry and took up the study and afterwards the practice of the law. He met with great success. He had a splendid career. He was elected to the Supreme Court and served as an honored member of that body for a number of years. In 1896, while I represented the State, he came to my office (he was then practising law) and sought a continuance of a case in the Supreme Court. I readily consented, and he dictated to my stenographer the agreement for a continuance. While he was doing so it occurred to me that he had a very peculiar name indeed, and when he got through I said rather abruptly, I confess: ‘Judge, where in the world did you get that name? I can’t think to what nation your ancestors could have belonged.’ He looked at me, laughed, and said, ‘I am as Irish as you are, but an ancestor changed the good old Irish name of Mulcahey to Mulkey, and’ he added, ‘he didn’t improve it.’

“Mulkey had a high sense of honor. He had a solicitous regard for the reputation of his profession. He was a scholarly man, a conscientious jurist. He detested a dishonest man and especially a dishonest lawyer. Apropos of this, it may not be uninteresting if I relate a few of the circumstances attending a dissenting opinion which he wrote while on the Bench. It seems that two men, one named Hughes and the other Appleton, were neighbors and both practised law in Chicago. Hughes conveyed the title to a piece of property worth eight to ten thousand dollars to Appleton, without consideration. The latter was merely a trustee. Appleton disposed of the property and converted the proceeds to his own use. The Attorney-General of Illinois filed an information in the Supreme Court setting up these facts and asking for the disbarment of Appleton. On a final hearing that Court denied the application on the 145ground that the relation of attorney and client did not exist between them. Mulkey not being able to agree with the majority of the Court wrote a unique dissenting opinion, in which among other things, he said: ‘This defense so forcibly reminds me of the old story of the profane bishop who had the good fortune to be a duke also, I cannot refrain from telling it. An acquaintance who happened to overhear him using profane language asked him how it was that he, being a bishop, could be guilty of swearing. “Ah, my friend,” replied his reverence, “I swear as a duke and not as a bishop.” “But,” retorted the other, “when the devil comes to get the duke, what will become of the bishop?” So, in this case, when his Satanic Majesty calls for Appleton the trustee, I should like to know what will become of Appleton the attorney.’ I might add that some years after his admission to the bar, he became a Catholic, and died in that faith.

“I wonder how many Irish names have been mutilated like that of the good judge. I fear too many.

“In the management of railroads, our people have excelled in the West. The children of two Irishmen, brothers, named Egan, born within about thirty miles of where I reside, have been important, if not chief factors in the management of many railroads. They have been connected with the Grand Trunk, the Illinois Central and other roads. I remember well, in 1894, when the great strike, almost an incipient insurrection, occurred in Chicago, that one of these Egans was selected by the officers and directors of all the railroads centering in that great city, to take entire control of their properties and manage them during the strike. This was quite a tribute to the son of a poor Irishman. Another, still comparatively young, might be mentioned. He was born in the town I live in. I remember him as a poor boy, a brakeman on a branch line running through our city. His name is Patrick Houlihan. A brochure has been written on his career and is entitled, I believe, ‘From Water Carrier to General Manager.’ He has on different lines, successively occupied the positions between that of water boy and superintendent, and is now general manager of the Toledo, St. Louis & Western and the Chicago & Alton Railroad Companies, with headquarters at Chicago. He is bright and brainy, with years of usefulness before him. He is a credit to our race.

“In literature, we have fairly well held our own. I do not mean 146to say that we have written as many novels, good bad and indifferent, as others, but the Rileys, the Finnertys, the Sullivans, the Clearys and Dunns, and men and women of such names have left their impress upon our literature. Many of you no doubt have met and all must have with pleasure, read that Western product, the discoverer of Mr. Dooley and Archie Avenue road, that droll, inimitable writer of ‘dialect’ a philosopher in his way—Finley Peter Dunn, who like other good men, has recently gone wrong, in having against the advice of Greeley and all the sages of the republic, migrated backwards as it were until now Gotham claims him for her own.

“And now a few words as to the tillers of the soil.

“Many of those emigrants settled upon the lands of the West, though under disadvantageous circumstances. There are many townships in my county, and in adjoining counties, and indeed scattered all over the West, that have been settled almost exclusively by them. Those lands are now worth on an average $150 per acre. Measurably, this is true of the Middle West. It is literally true of Illinois.

“Nebraska settlement, as it was called, embracing all that territory from Kansas to Canada, and from the Missouri to the Rocky Mountains, was thrown open for settlement in 1854. A large number of Irish were among the early settlers. In 1857 a convention was held in Buffalo to perfect plans for establishing Irish colonies in the West. Delegates assembled from all over the country. Three large colonies started as a result of this convention—one led by Father Trecy founded St. Patrick’s Colony in Nebraska, now Jackson. Another, under Father Powers, of Pennsylvania, went to Missouri, and a third went to Minnesota. In the latter state, additional Irish colonies have been established. They endured almost untold trials and hardships in a new and wild country. Father Trecy’s colony celebrated its Golden Jubilee in July, 1907, a dozen of the original settlers being present. Greeley County, Nebraska, is practically an Irish county, being settled almost exclusively by Irishmen, especially is this true of the towns of Greeley Center, O’Connor, Spalding and O’Neill.

“Instances of this kind might be indefinitely extended. Notwithstanding this fact, we have been criticised for not going in larger numbers upon the broad prairies and fertile lands of the West. I admit the farmer’s life is the ideal one, but it took something more 147than hands and limbs and brains, too, to go upon a farm. It required money even when land was cheapest. How could a family in Ireland, turned out on the roadside by the crowbar brigade, who with the greatest difficulty could scrape enough together to pay their passage to America, be expected upon their arrival to purchase land and agricultural implements, to go farming with? It was hardly within the possibilities. Even if the father came alone, as he often did, he was compelled to go to work on the first opportunity to provide for his immediate wants and save something to send to the half-starving family at home or pay the passage to America. And, if it was a son or daughter who managed to come, they were ever striving to send for one more of the family or likely enough, to send the greater part of their hard earnings to pay the exorbitant rent of the heartless landlord. I know whereof I speak. I am a living witness of those happenings. As a boy, I was compelled to leave the land of my birth, and I can say without affectation, that I never experienced more real joy than I did when making my first remittance to Ireland. Though I knew the ultimate destination of most of it was the landlord’s pocket, still I think I had more pleasure in sending than he had in receiving it.

“Of the gold seekers of ’49 who rushed to the coast, many of them were Irish. Many settled down in different parts of that slope and as you know, many of them became millionaires. I need only mention the names of Flood, O’Brien, Mackey, Phelan and others, to conjure up visions of wealth. But, cui bono. The richest people are not always the most interesting even when the wealth is honestly acquired, and here I may remark (though a little foreign to the subject) if the wealth of many of our multi-millionaires were tomorrow turned into the National Treasury, it would not begin to compensate for the moral shame and degradation their practices have brought on the republic. Kerosene colleges will never make straight, or light, Heaven’s pathway.

“When the greatest crime of the nineteenth century was about to be perpetrated in the dismemberment of this Union the Irish people of the West, in goodly numbers, rushed to its defense and sealed with their blood, their love of the republic. You all, no 148doubt, have heard of a Sheridan, a Shields, a Corcoran, a Lawler, and others of the West, who died that the Union might live. Ingratitude has never been the failing of Irishmen. Gratitude for favors, even small ones, adherence to principle, through good and evil times, have ever been characteristic of the race. Prior to that war, the hereditary enemy of our people despised America. Since its termination, they have hated, but fear it. You know Gladstone, when Jefferson Davis was inaugurated President, exclaimed that a new nation had been born. We may in the future as we sometimes have in the past, send de-natured Americans to London, but no occasional slobbering over the great republic by perfidious Albion can disguise that hatred. Napoleon said, scratch a Russian and you will find a Tartar, scratch an Englishman or an Irishman of the garrison, and almost invariably you will find a hater of America.

“In conclusion, let me say, and I say it with some pride, but in no boastful spirit, that the Irish people in the West, though having to struggle from the lowest rung of the ladder, are physically, intellectually, morally, and I might add, financially, the peers of their neighbors. They are not a dying race. I wish some competent hand would write their history.”

Mr. Moloney’s address was greeted with much applause and cheering, and at this point Senator Carter of Montana arrived in the hall and was escorted to his place at the head table by the Secretary-General and Mr. Moseley.

President-General Quinlan: “We are honored this evening by the presence of one of our most earnest members, whose distinguished services to his country in the United States Senate and earnest and unselfish devotion to the work of our Society endears him to all. It is with pleasure I introduce Hon. Thomas H. Carter, United States Senator from Montana.”

Senator Carter: “Mr. Toastmaster, Fellow Members of the Society, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am billed upon this program to deliver a ‘Capital Welcome.’ I at once disclaim ability to do that.

RIGHT REVEREND M. C. LENIHAN.

Bishop of Great Falls, Montana.

Vice-President of the Society for Montana.

149“‘Capital Welcome’ seems to imply a good or excellent welcome, and that accomplishment is beyond me,—but I most cheerfully extend to you a cordial welcome to this, the Capital City of our common country, and I sincerely hope that as you each depart from here, you will not feel impelled to write upon the register a sentiment similar to that written by one of our distinguished fellow-countrymen upon leaving a watering-place in England. Each of the party was called upon to write on the register of the hostelry a sentiment, and one bright member wrote these words: ‘I came here for change and rest; the porter has the change, the landlord the rest.’

“The man who wrote that was not the same man whom Brother Lee desires me to tell about, who described the kind of a man that Casey was. The man at the head of the table said ‘What kind of a man is Casey?’ ‘Well,’ says Murphy, ‘I’ll tell you what kind of a man Casey is. I went over to Casey’s house. Says he to me, “Murphy, will you have a drink?” I says, “Of course I will, Mr. Casey.” He says, “Murphy, shall I pour or will you pour?” “Pour yourself,” says I, “Mr. Casey.” He says, “All right, tell me when to stop.” He poured out a drop or two, and out of politeness I said “Stop, Casey,” and Casey stopped. That’s the kind of a man Casey is.’

“This Society needs no welcome to the Capitol City of this nation. Wheresoever you may turn in viewing our parks or avenues or historic halls, you will see in bronze and in marble mute evidences of the appreciation expressed by a grateful people of the achievements and contributions of the Irish and the Irish Americans, in building up and maintaining this great Republic.

“In LaFayette Square, immediately in front of the White House, is a statue of Andrew Jackson, a renowned President of the United States who was the son of an Irishman. Out in the northwest part of the city, but a few days ago, we assembled to unveil an equestrian statue to a man whom General Grant pronounced the greatest soldier of any time, the son of an Irishman, Philip Sheridan. Come down but a little farther and you will find a square adorned with trees and flowers, and in its center a beautiful statue to Admiral Farragut, of Irish blood on his mother’s side. Over in Iowa circle, to the northeast of this point, is the statue of General John A. Logan, the son of an Irishman. Pennsylvania Avenue has been gazed upon for years and years by the sightless eyes of a bronze statue of General John A. Rawlins, the confidential friend of the peerless victor of Appomattox. General Rawlins was of Irish extraction.

“Across Pennsylvania Avenue from this hotel is a great building 150in which throbs the heart of the mighty postal system of the country for which we will expend two hundred and thirty millions of dollars during this fiscal year. The first Postmaster-General admitted to the Cabinet of a President was John Barry, the son of an Irishman. And that reminds me of the way Cabinet officers are selected. It is generally supposed that the President’s Cabinet is organized in conformity with law, but such is not the fact. One day Postmaster Barry received a note reading thus: ‘Tomorrow and hereafter you will attend Cabinet meetings.’ Signed ‘Andrew Jackson.’ It was that which established the custom of calling in the Postmaster-General as one of the counselors of the President of the United States, and that custom has been maintained to this day.

“Go through the hall of statuary in our Capitol, and there you will find in marble men of proud fame in this country’s history—General Louis Cass, Henry Wilson, General Shields and others, making a long roll of men of Irish birth or lineage which I will not undertake to call here tonight.

“Just across the Potomac River, when the life of the nation was assailed, Colonel Corcoran of New York was the first to move forward with the Stars and Stripes. When the Capitol was menaced from the southwest, ‘Phil’ Sheridan was there with his cavalry to meet the enemy. When the fate of the nation was trembling in the balance upon the historic field of Gettysburg, the Union Army was directed by the masterful mind of General Meade of Irish blood.

“I will not go back to the early days of the country’s history. It is sufficient to say that in a parliamentary inquiry as to the conduct of the war against the colonies by a committee of the House of Commons of which Edmund Burke was a member, this interesting fact was brought forth. In the cross-examination of Major General Robertson, Mr. Burke asked the question, ‘Of what elements is the Continental Army composed?’ Robertson said, ‘On authority of General Lee, I inform you that more than half the Continental Army is made up of Irishmen.’

“The illustrious names that adorn our country’s history are entitled to imperishable renown because of great deeds well done in that Revolutionary struggle. Among them is a list of men of Irish birth, beginning with the man who struck the first blow, General Sullivan, and continuing along the line to the close of the war. And when I think of the contributions made, the common sufferings 151endured, and the sacrifices made without limit as to time or circumstance, I say the Irish and their descendants are entitled to the privilege of claiming with proud confidence that this is their own country.

“The history of Ireland is confined to an island with its curious, sad and heroic circumstances, but the history of the Irish people is limited only by the inhabitable portions of the globe.

“I have been, as you have been, chagrined to perceive the disposition to rob these people of the credit which is truly and justly their due. Who can read of Burke and Goldsmith and Johnson and Sheridan and Tyndale as English authors without a feeling that some one has been guilty of grand larceny and misrepresentation.

“Who can read the page of history which places Arthur Wellesley as an Englishman without feeling that the hero of Waterloo has been misplaced? Why deny to this island, bereft of the right to control its own destiny, the privilege of claiming the honor and distinction properly due to the achievements of its distinguished sons?

“It is desirable that a society like unto this should be established in England to change the trend which leads to error and confusion. What we undertake here should be undertaken there. I am glad that this Society has taken up the work of developing the history of the Irish and their descendants in the United States, for it is a great and glorious feature in American history. While proud of the past, while proud of the achievements of those whose deeds we record, it is important, I think, that we should at the same time bear in mind the duty we owe to the future.

“I would that the Americans of Irish birth and descent in this country could unite their energies and make of this force in American life a leading force for higher conceptions of civic duty, a force looking to better living, a force working for a civilization such as has not been dreamed of by those who have struggled in the past. This we may do while recording that which has gone by with fidelity and truth. Let us be true to ourselves by working for such conditions as will make our race more distinguished henceforth in its achievements than it has been in the splendid work of the past.”

152President-General Quinlan: The next and last toast of the evening is “Advantages of Historical Research to Irish Americans.” The response will be made by a noble American of Irish ancestry, who comes from the granary belt of the great Northwest, the land of Sitting Bull and the brave Sioux, where the ardent flames of patriotism burn with the intensity of true Americanism.

I take great pleasure in introducing to you, ladies and gentlemen, Hon. Robert J. Gamble, United States Senator from South Dakota.

Senator Gamble: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I accept the kindly and humorous felicitations of your President. I admit I hail from South Dakota, once the land of the Sioux, of Red Cloud and Sitting Bull. In these later years, however, it has been transformed with marvelous rapidity into an empire of wealth, of productiveness, of social and civic development, and with ideals at least equal to those of any in the Sisterhood of States. In her wonderful prosperity she has been as jealous of the one as the other. In her Constitution and in her laws she has sought to make liberty secure, to foster and provide for the education of her children, to encourage the highest ideals of citizenship, to inspire a patriotism worthy of the opportunities of her people. Along all of these lines we feel South Dakota has met with a high degree of success. She stands almost the lowest in the percentage of illiteracy of her population. Pauperism is scarcely observable. Wealth and comfort are very generally diffused amongst her people. Her schools and colleges are equal to the necessities of the state. The door of opportunity 153is open to all. For more than a decade she has produced each year more wealth per capita than any other state in the Union. (Applause.)

Mr. President, at this late hour I give you assurance of brevity in what I have to say. I appreciate very much the compliment of your invitation, and indeed it is a great pleasure to be present on this occasion and to respond to the toast to which I have been assigned.

The history of Ireland in itself is a sad one, but the high purpose and invincible courage of her manhood and her womanhood, their high ideals and devotion to liberty and to national integrity, have been fraught with blessings and have brought encouragement to human liberty the world over. (Applause.)

Within the circumscribed limits of their own nationality success rarely crowned the patriotic efforts and heroic struggle for liberty of the Irish people. Their field of activity, however, has not been confined to the land of their birth, and has been limited only wherever humanity has asserted itself against tyranny and in a struggle for better conditions and for orderly liberty.

America owes a wonderful debt of gratitude to the Irish race. We must recognize that preceding American independence there was a strong element of our population composed of Irish Americans.

Among the strongest advocates for American independence were Irishmen, or the descendants of Irishmen. Hancock and Rutledge and the Carrolls and their co-workers contributed vastly to the development of a National spirit. The work of these strong, patriotic and efficient men had much to do with drawing the colonies together in united effort and cementing their interests in the common cause. Their voices had long been raised in protest against the Mother Country before the musketry was heard at Lexington. These brave and courageous men, and their associates, with their large vision and patriotic purpose, pointed out the way and crystalized the sentiment for national independence. The work they performed for the cause of national independence, though different in character, was as important in its way as that of the actual participants in the field, of the general or the soldier.

As indicative of the high character of the Irish race, and of their activities and large influence in the formative period of our National history it is gratifying and with a sense of pride in this presence to state that in the First Continental Congress, with a membership 154of fifty-four, eleven were Irish or of Irish descent. The same race has also to its credit three presidents of the Republic whose ancestors came from the Emerald Isle. And Roosevelt, an honored member of this Society, not only our President, but the most distinguished citizen of the world, takes pride in the fact that he can trace his lineage to this indomitable people. (Applause.)

Of the membership of the Continental Congress that put forth the immortal Declaration of Independence, twenty per cent was Irish or of Irish descent. The hand of Thompson that first transcribed it upon parchment was Irish; the first signature that was placed to it as President was that of John Hancock, an Irishman-American; and when those immortal words were read for the first time to the assembled multitude from the balcony of Continental Hall at Philadelphia, it was by the voice of an Irishman, Mr. Nixon; and when it was placed in type for the first time it was by one Dunlap, an Irish printer.

In the spring of 1777, when Congress appointed eighteen brigadier-generals, six of those who were thus commissioned were Irish by birth or descent. Among the number were the dashing and brilliant Mad Anthony Wayne and the strong and courageous Clinton. I need only speak of the accomplished Montgomery, whose valor has been justly praised and who died a hero’s death upon the plains of Quebec, or of Sullivan, the splendid leader and the associate of Washington, upon whom the latter leaned more than upon any other, and for whose great service the thanks of Congress were extended; of Knox and Stark and many others who were ideal and successful leaders in the great Revolutionary struggle. It has been asserted, but undoubtedly with very much exaggeration, that half of the Continental Army were Irish or of Irish descent. Even if this be not true it must be admitted that the race had a large representation in the Army, and it speaks well for their patriotism and devotion to the cause of American Independence.

The Irish race I think can take a just pride in the accomplishments of its people, not only as statesmen and leaders in contributing vastly towards shaping the policies of the colonies in the formative period of our history with a view to the ultimate forming of the Federal Union, and also in leadership and on men in the field of battle.

But it was not alone upon the land that the heroism of the race 155asserted itself in the cause for National Independence. If not the first, at least among the first naval fights of the Revolution was the capture of the British ship Margaretta at Machias Bay on the Coast of Maine on May 11, 1775. The Americans were commanded by Captain O’Brien, the son of an Irish immigrant. This victory has frequently been called “The Lexington of the Seas.”

It was John Barry, a native of Ireland, who received one of the first naval commissions from Congress. Through his ability and leadership and his many well earned victories he brought the highest credit to America upon the seas. Commodore Barry today is justly called “The Father of the American Navy.” He was the great naval commander of the Revolution. I might name many other distinguished officers of this nationality who rendered conspicuous service to their country and added to the fame of the Navy in the war of the Revolution.

Irish womanhood also gave evidence of its devotion and heroism in the person of Mollie Pitcher, who took the place at the cannon of her fallen husband and is accorded a hero’s place in the battle of Monmouth.

The devotion of those of Irish blood did not exhaust itself in the cause of the Revolution alone. In the War of 1812 it contributed some of its most conspicuous figures. It was Jackson at New Orleans, Commodore Stewart on the sea with his Constitution, McDonough on Lake Champlain and Perry on Lake Erie that won imperishable glory for the American Army and Navy in that War.

In the war with Mexico the men of this race had representatives in the persons of Generals Kearney and Shields. The latter also received the exceptional distinction of having been elected to a seat in the United States Senate on three different occasions in separate elections from three different states.

In the recent war, among the most illustrious names is that of General Sheridan, the son of an Irishman, and although less conspicuous others of the same blood rendered high service to their country, and amongst them are such honored names as Meade, Logan, Meagher, Mulligan, Shields and Corcoran.

It is no idle boast to assert that the names of the men of Irish blood adorn the most conspicuous pages of the history of the Republic. They aided as wise, safe and patriotic counsellors in laying the foundations of our institutions. They fought with heroism 156and devotion in the struggle for independence, both upon the land and upon the sea. In every trial and test that has come to us in our history they have made willing and great sacrifice to defend the honor of their country and to perpetuate and sustain her institutions.

Ireland has contributed much to the Republic. In a high degree the race has been unselfish. The devotion of the race has not alone been confined to the United States. It has been frequently and truthfully said though not always gratefully and freely admitted that she gave a Wellington to England and in these later years she has also contributed a Wolsey, a Roberts and a Kitchener. To France she gave McMahon, and to Spain an O’Donnell.

Many of her brave and devoted men followed Bolivar in South America and aided materially in laying the foundations of the Republic in the Southern Hemisphere.

On every field of human endeavor the Irish name has a conspicuous place. In statesmanship she has given Burke, who enriched our language with his oratory. She supplied also Phillips, Grattan and O’Connell.

In literature she has been most generous in giving to the world Goldsmith, Moore, Collins, Knowles, Sheridan and a host of others. In the sciences she has contributed Lardner, Rowe, Proctor, Tyndall, Faraday and our own Fulton.

Nor has she been lacking in the field of Art, but America adopted as her own the gifted St. Gaudens. In philosophy and theology she has many distinguished names.

Mr. President, in conclusion I would state I believe “The advantages of Historical research to Irish Americans” will give them a more just appreciation of the Irish character, of the services they have rendered in founding, sustaining and perpetuating our institutions and in maintaining the highest ideals of our common country.

President-General Quinlan: One final word. The Secretary-General wishes to say something, and I know it will interest you all.

Secretary-General Lee: Mr. Chairman, I move you that the thanks of the American Irish Historical Society be tendered the speakers of the evening for their excellent services in our behalf, and that the entire address of each be printed in the Journal.

Motion carried by unanimous vote.

157Secretary-General Lee: Mr. Chairman, I move you that the thanks of the Society and its invited guests are justly due and are hereby tendered Mr. Thomas J. Talty, Manager of the Hotel Raleigh, for his careful personal attention to the banquet and its details, and for his uniform courtesy to members and guests.

Motion carried by unanimous vote.

Secretary-General Lee: Mr. Chairman, I move you that the thanks of the Society be tendered to our fellow-member, Mr. Henry L. Joyce, Manager of the Marine Department of the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey, to Mr. W. C. Hope, General Passenger Agent of said Railroad, and to Mr. P. Wilfred Heroy, Eastern Passenger Agent of said Railroad, for their courtesy to members and guests of the Society and for their successful efforts to make our trip by special train pleasant and comfortable.

Motion carried by unanimous vote.

President-General Quinlan: This ends the proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Banquet of the Society. I thank you one and all for your attendance. The next annual dinner will take place in the city of New York, and we hope you will all be with us there and that the attendance will be even greater than tonight.

There being no further business before the Society, I declare this meeting adjourned.

COMMITTEES.

The Committee in charge of the entire proceedings in Washington were as follows:

NOTES.

The entire proceedings of the Reception by President Roosevelt, Annual Meeting and Eleventh Annual Dinner were stenographically reported by Miss Viola Follis of Providence, R. I., and by her transcribed. Within a few days afterwards, a copy of his speech was furnished each speaker, so that it would come to the hands of the Editor of the Journal exactly as the speaker wished it finally to read.

The stenographic report and transcription were absolutely complete and without error.

The floral decorations on the tables and walls were beautiful and lavish, and at the termination of the dinner some of the nice pieces were sent to the quarters of our lady guests, while the remainder were sent to the hospitals.

During the evening music was furnished by a good orchestra. The words of “Star Spangled Banner,” “Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean,” “Wearing of the Green,” “Minstrel Boy,” and “Yankee Doodle” were printed on the program, and the assemblage, accompanied by the musicians, sung these songs with a will.

HON. WILLIAM F. SHEEHAN.

Of New York City.

An Honored Member of the Society.

159A large number of guests left Washington Sunday, January 17th, on the Royal Blue Line 3 p. m. express for New York, and for their comfort special cars were attached exclusively for their use. In the dining car a special dinner was prepared and served under the supervision of Conductor Lewis A. Herring, which was enjoyed by nearly all who returned on that train, and he made the occasion enjoyable by pointing out several interesting bits of scenery en route, among which was the place where Washington crossed the Delaware. The menu was as follows:

A special meeting of the American Irish Historical Society was held in Room 124, Hotel Raleigh, Washington, D. C., this day at 1.30 p. m., President-General Quinlan in the chair.

On motion of Mr. Donovan of New York, it was voted to revise the constitution and by-laws of the Society, and the President-General was instructed to appoint a committee of five to do this work, they to report to the Executive Council.

On motion of Mr. T. Vincent Butler of New York, the thanks of the Society were tendered to the President-General and the Secretary-General for their efficient services in preparing for “the grandest meeting the Society has ever held.” Mr. Butler, in support of 160his motion, made interesting remarks concerning our fellow-member, President Roosevelt.

The President-General later announced that he had appointed the following gentlemen members of the Committee to Revise the Constitution and By-Laws: Messrs. Michael J. Jordan, Patrick J. McCarthy, Joseph T. Ryan, John E. O’Brien and Thomas Z. Lee.

Short addresses were made by the President-General and several other members on subjects connected with the welfare of the Society, after which the meeting adjourned.

Honorary State Regent for Rhode Island, National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, Great-Great-Granddaughter of Thomas Hughes, Captain in the War of the Revolution and Major in the War of 1812 and an Original Member of the Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati—a Man of Irish Parentage.

Who that visits Italy can fail to be inspired by the ruins of the Forum and the palaces of the Cæsars on the Palatine? The Italian Government has done wisely in making its work of excavation a work also of restoration by replacing as far as possible the statues and monuments of ancient time in their original positions, and in entrusting visitors to the care of guides educated for their duties by a university course in the history and archæology of the Eternal City. Such a guide, after a whole day spent in enthusiastic descriptions of the temples, public buildings, rostra and tombs of the Forum, was asked, “How happens it that you are so very enthusiastic over all this, when it is your duty to make this round day after day?” Never will the hearer forget his reply as, drawing himself up to his full height, he exclaimed with the proudest, loftiest accent, “I am a Roman.”

“The grandeur that was Rome” was the spirit of her citizens, their expression in the life of their city, of their high ideals. When these ideals failed to inspire, Rome fell.

That which makes a State is the character of its citizens. One of the strongest influences in the moulding of character is the example of the heroes of the past. Preservation of the history of those who helped to make and mould the nation is, therefore, essential to the maintenance of patriotism. Indeed, it is essential to the true moral development of the nation,—to the very preservation of the nation.

One great advantage of the memorial tablet and the statue over the printed page is that the former are seen and understood by all, while 164the pages of history are only turned by those who have a certain degree of education and interest. “What mean ye by these stones?” the children in the land of Canaan would ask, gazing upon the heap of twelve smooth stones by the banks of the Jordan. Then would the fathers in Israel reply, “Because the waters of Jordan were cut off before the Ark of the Covenant of the Lord, and these stones from the bed of the river are for a memorial forever of Jehovah’s leadership of his people through the dry bed of the river into the promised land.”

The historical and patriotic societies of the United States are doing a much needed work by the erection of tablets and the marking of historic spots. A want of reverence for those who founded our nation and fought to establish it; a carelessness as to the lessons to be learned from the early history of the country; a desecration of places consecrated by the blood of our heroes, had much to do with making us, in appearance, a flippant, boastful people, glorying only in the “bigness” of our country and what our own generation was doing, in short, the boastful Yankee caricatured by our European kinsmen.

That temper has changed. While the greater seriousness with which the American people undertake their problems of government is no doubt in part due to territorial expansion and greater international relations, credit must also be given to the impressive influence of the memorials placed in our State houses, our parks, along our streets, commemorating the worthy deeds of our ancestors.

It is then a direct benefit to the State, and aid to good government, and to the realization of the highest civic ideals, to place, where all can see, memorials reciting the virtues and the heroic deeds of men like Washington, Lincoln, Greene, Sullivan, Sherman and a host of others whose splendid achievements, in war and in peace, are a part of our heritage as American citizens, and are the inspiration of our youth to give also of their best, in talents and in loyal, patriotic effort; to make our country great in the best sense,—great in the character of its citizens, great in the accomplishment of high ideals; great in the enjoyment by all of the blessings of liberty.

Providence, R. I., February 12, 1909.

MR. PATRICK CARTER.

Of Providence. R. I.

Member of the Executive Council.

Ceremony Takes Place at Handsome Building, Corner Pine and Byron Streets, in Presence of Clergy, Prominent Business Men and Representatives of Religious Denominations.

In the presence of members of the clergy, prominent business men and representatives of various religious denominations, the new Day Nursery, erected at Pine and Byron streets as a memorial to Edward A. Carter, by his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Carter, was formally transferred to Bishop Matthew Harkins at 11 o’clock yesterday morning. Previous to this ceremony there was a low Mass, at which Bishop Harkins was the celebrant, Rev. Austin Dowling, also a member of the American Irish Historical Society, acting as his assistant, at which time the building was blessed.

A large audience assembled in the hall on the second floor to witness the transfer of the keys, the deed and other documents to the Bishop. It numbered men and women prominent in the business and social life of the city, as well as others interested in charitable work.

After Bishop Harkins, wearing the purple robes of his office, had taken a seat on the stage, with Fr. Dowling on his right and Rev. William Pyne on his left, Mr. Carter made the following speech in presenting the structure to the Bishop:

MR. CARTER’S ADDRESS.

“Bishop Harkins: In my own name and that of Mrs. Carter I have great pleasure in handing over to you this morning, as the representative of Nazareth home and the head of the diocese of Providence, the keys of the Edward A. Carter Memorial, the receipted 166bills for its cost and a paid-up five years’ policy of insurance on the building for $15,000.

“I am sure it is a happy moment for Mrs. Carter and for me; I may say, the proudest moment of our lives, to be in a position to commemorate in this way our son who gave such promise in his youth, and who was taken from us so suddenly.

“A little more than a year ago we laid him away in St. Francis Cemetery and with him the hopes that we had built upon, but the money which would have been his to invest in business had he lived we have resolved to lay aside for his memory in another kind of investment.

“This is our only stipulation—that it be administered prudently, scientifically, but with mercy and in the spirit of Christian charity.

“We have no fear, Bishop, that the money which we have given to the Nazareth Home will ever be diverted from the purpose for which we intend it. We require no bonds from you, for your high standing makes the ordinary safeguard of business in this case unnecessary. Into whatever hands you entrust it, we feel certain that they will execute what we plan.

“You, ladies of the Queen’s Daughters, honor us with your presence here today. You have presided at the formation of this work; your ideas are here incorporated and you have pledged yourselves to its support; therefore, may I be the first to welcome you to its hospitality.

“Let me then, Bishop Harkins, in closing, hand over to you these evidences that the building so happily completed is entirely unencumbered; and let me assure you that while in doing so I now resign the responsibility which has been my preoccupation and pleasure for several months, still, while either Mrs. Carter or myself live, our hearts are in this building, both for the name it bears and for the work which we have confidence it will never fail to do in our community.”

RESPONSE OF BISHOP.

In response Bishop Harkins said in part: “Mr. and Mrs. Carter, I receive very willingly and gratefully these evidences of your generosity. I express to you my thanks and those of the entire community. There may have been other cases in the United States like this, but this is the first case that has come to my knowledge where 167a memorial of this kind has been reared to an apparently lost, but not really lost, son.

“This is a very special, a very peculiar case. It shows not only a very strong affection, but a very lively faith. It is that faith that is necessary, a faith in the future, a realization that death does not end all.

“Your son was a Cathedral boy, and when I say that I speak with a considerable degree of pride. He was one of us and we knew him and loved him. You determined that he should live on in a certain way and live just about where he lived when he was here. So you have made your boy to live; you have given him a kind of earthly immortality, if I may use that term.

“He will live in the persons of the poor children who will be cared for here. They will have the uplifting influence of the good sisters, the Queen’s Daughters, the clergy, and all who can help them in any way. Yet it will be he who will be living here.

“I thank you in my own name and in the name of the diocese of Providence. I am sure that all those here present agree that no better example can be given a community than that given here today. There is gratitude in the hearts of all the citizens of Providence for this gift.

“In the name of the sisters who will have charge of this institution, I wish to thank you. I welcomed them to our city here in Providence, for I knew that I could not do greater service than to bring here the wise and careful administration of charitable work they have always shown. They will be mothers to the children. They will try to give, and will well-nigh succeed in giving, all the maternal love that is given children in the most favored homes. They will train them not only in their duties to the church, but in every duty they must perform in civil life.”

In conclusion Bishop Harkins paid a tribute to the Queen’s Daughters, the organization which has assumed the maintenance of the institution.

DONORS ARE HONORED.

After the Bishop’s address, Miss Mary A. McArdle, President of the Queen’s Daughters, made a brief address, in which she stated that Mr. and Mrs. Carter had been elected honorary members of the Daughters of the Queen of Heaven, concluding by presenting to 168Mrs. Carter a bouquet of roses, in number the same as the years of life of the son in whose memory the structure was given.

Mr. Carter responded briefly and the visitors then inspected the building, many registering in the book provided for that purpose.

Among those present were: Mgr. Thomas F. Doran, Vicar General of the diocese; Rev. Owen F. Clarke, Rev. Edward E. Seagrave, Rev. D. F. Lowney, Rev. James C. Walsh, Rev. M. J. McCabe, Mayor P. J. McCarthy, Mayor-elect Henry Fletcher, Attorney-General William B. Greenough, Assistant Attorney-General Harry P. Cross, Cyrus P. Brown, Col. Cyrus M. Van Slyck, Judge Frank E. Fitzsimmons, Judge Thomas Z. Lee, John E. Canning and Thomas F. Monahan.

MODEL INSTITUTION.

This nursery, said to be one of the finest institutions of its kind in the country, has been erected for the accommodation of poor children, regardless of race, creed or color. The Queen’s Daughters, a body of Catholic women with a membership of 700, which was organized in January of the present year for the performance of charitable works, has assumed its maintenance. The organization is affiliated with the Queen’s Daughters of St. Louis, formed in 1889 by thirty-two women of that city for charitable purposes.

The Sisters of the Holy Ghost, also known as the White Sisters, to whom the institution was donated, first came to work among the sick poor in this city in September, 1907. In their errands of mercy they found that a day nursery was very much needed in the section in which their home is located. The two day nurseries already established have been unable to take care of all the children, both having long waiting lists, and the building blessed yesterday will relieve the situation to a considerable degree.

The building is admirably arranged, the purpose for which it will be used having been taken into careful consideration by the architects, Stone, Carpenter & Sheldon, and the ideas of the architects being faithfully carried out by the builder, M. J. Houlihan.

VICTOR HERBERT.

Of New York.

The Eminent Composer and High Authority on Music.

A New Member of the Society.

169Mr. Carter’s intelligent liberality has rendered possible in Providence a charity of peculiar value. The handsome building is a better monument to his son’s memory than the most costly sarcophagus would be. It bids fair for many years to come to minister to the needs of great numbers of children of tender age whose parents cannot care for them during the working hours of the day; and the community would have double reason to congratulate itself if the example set by these donors were to inspire other citizens of Providence to similar generous gifts. There are twenty-three thousand women in this city who are employed in gainful occupations, and many of them are married, with small children to provide for. It is difficult to think of a more useful institution than one that helps to lighten the domestic anxieties of these workers during their enforced absence from home.

Mr. Carter is a member of the American Irish Historical Society and of its Executive Council and served on the Reception Committee at the events in Washington January 16, 1909.

WAR RECORD OF COLONEL JAMES QUINLAN.

In Volume VI of the Journal appeared a short sketch of Colonel Quinlan’s life, in which his military record was incomplete and the date of birth and receipt of certain commissions were incorrectly stated. The data having been carefully collected and verified, a revised sketch is hereby submitted:

James Quinlan was born in Tipperary, Ireland, September 13, 1833, and came to New York in 1850 and there studied engineering. In 1853 he joined the National Guard and became a member of the Sixty-Ninth Regiment, being commissioned a Lieutenant in 1855, under Charles S. Roe, and commissioned Captain in 1856.

On April 23, 1861, a few days after the fall of Fort Sumter, he left New York with the Sixty-Ninth as Captain of Engineers. He was present at the battle of Blackburn’s Ford, July 18th, and Bull Run July 21st, where he was severely wounded. After this battle Acting Brigadier-General T. F. Meagher recruited the celebrated Irish Brigade, and he was commissioned Major of the Eighty-Eighth New York Infantry, one of the regiments of that organization, in 1861, and ordered by General Meagher to proceed to Fort Schuyler 170and take command there until further orders. (As far as we know, he was the first volunteer officer to take command of a Fort in the Civil War.) He was present in all the battles of that famous Brigade in the Peninsular Campaign and commanded the regiment all through the Seven Days’ fighting. He won his Medal of Honor by leading a charge on a Confederate battery at Savage Station, Va., June 29, 1862. The battery in question was one of six guns, and had been very annoying to the Union troops. Several other regiments had made efforts to silence it, but without avail. General W. W. Burns, U. S. A., who was in command on that memorable day, wrote at the time Major Quinlan received his Medal of Honor as follows: “The Medal of Honor won by your gallant charge which silenced the enemy’s battery at Savage Station and closed that desperate attack upon the rear of the Army of the Potomac, June 29, 1862, is a just reward and memento for conspicuous bravery due from a grateful Republic to the brave leader of the gallant Eighty-Eighth New York. No one can feel more satisfaction for this signal proof of distinction and glory than your old Commander of that day. The Eighty-Eighth saved the lives of many gallant soldiers by that forlorn-hope charge, and cleared our way to victory that day. It commemorated the charge of the Irish Brigade at Fontenoy.” In the Circular “Medals of Honor” issued by the War Department October 31, 1897, the ground of award of Major Quinlan’s medal is as follows: “Led his regiment on the enemy’s battery, silenced the guns, held the position against overwhelming numbers, and covered the retreat of the Second Army Corps.” He was honorably mentioned by General McClellan for bravery at Malvern Hill and Antietam. He was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel on September 22, 1862, and received his honorable discharge for disability on medical certificate February 4, 1863.

After a few weeks’ illness of heart trouble he died at his home, 104 East 96th Street, August 29, 1906.

And so has passed into history the name of a citizen of foreign birth, who owed allegiance to the whole of his adopted country, and when her troubles came he was found early at the front, dedicating his all to her perpetuity.

A firm, honest friend, a devoted Christian, a loyal brave soldier went to his rest when James Quinlan joined the soldiers of our great Republic who had gone before.

Sketch of His Life. One of His Favorite Poems.

A great editor laid down forever a brilliant, beautiful and useful pen when Joseph O’Connor, the Rochesterian, passed into Eternity from his home in Rochester on the night of October 9, 1908.

In a few hours the news had flashed to all points of the compass, bringing a pause and a hush of sadness to thousands of homes, from Maine to California, wherein his unique personality was known and loved through his nearly forty years of journalistic leadership.

Born in New York State of Irish parents in 1841, he was educated in the best schools of his native State for the practice of the law, but he early chose journalism instead of law for his life work and he made a magnificent success of it.

He brought to the work a mind well-stocked with more of the true history of the world than falls to the lot of most students of history. He brought to his work a mind imbued with the true Christian philosophy of the Catholic catechism. He had formed from youth up a habit of broad, kindly outlook on things in general. He assumed and maintained a manly attitude in politics, uncompromising in principle, but tolerant of other men’s opinions. He had a born poet’s appreciation of true poetry, and a literary judgment that came to be universally respected. He had a gift of expression as a model of unique, finished, sincere writing. And his humility was the best of it all.

He won his readers to his way of seeing things as much by the very apparent unconsciousness of his own superiority as by his logical presentation of his subject.

Through all his long life of varied editorship and many degrees of political and literary success, there is no pessimism charged to his account, no animosity, no bitterness; not even discourtesy.

Many a time in the heat of a political campaign he had to strike at a champion of the other side, but his blow was always leonine. 172It was a settler of the subject in dispute, but it left no ugly memories—no galling personalities ever marred his political battles.

He scored his successes by the friendly hand shakes of his worsted antagonists.

He prized his independence in politics, and never jeopardized it by accepting favors or honors from friend or foe.

With one or two exceptions, every change that he made in his position was due to his insistent desire to maintain his personal independence as a writer. He left the Indianapolis Sentinel because he did not wish to conform to its political policy. His editorial work on the New York World became irksome on this same account. He broke with the managers of the Buffalo Courier in 1886 because he disliked Grover Cleveland and because he did not propose to stultify his editorial utterances in a newspaper whose proprietor was specially friendly at the time to the Buffalo President. He is said to have refused a flattering offer from Charles A. Dana to become editorial writer on the New York Sun because he did not believe he could conform to Mr. Dana’s ideas, however much he might admire the genius of that brilliant editor.

He set his editorial chair on a calm high level and from it addressed daily a clientele that loyally followed him in all his journeyings through fields of philosophy, history, poetry, romance and even the common things of everyday life. To read him once was to seek him again and remain his disciple.

He might have made his fame rest on his poetry, but he subordinated that gift to his passion for regular, constant work in his editorial chair, indulging in flights of fancy only as a pastime.

Mr. O’Connor was a master of the English language; indeed, it is doubtful if any man on the American press ever wrote it better. Some twenty years ago a correspondent of the New York Sun asked Mr. Dana for information regarding literary style. In the course of his reply he said:

“Among the newspaper writers of our own country and of the present day, perhaps the best style is that of Mr. Joseph O’Connor, the editor of The Post Express of Rochester. It is terse, lucid, calm, argumentative, and without a trace of effort or affectation.”

After quoting this tribute, said Father Cronin of the Buffalo Union and Times: “It is no small source of pride and gratification to us to know that one of the great princes of American journalism 173is an Irish American. Mr. O’Connor’s pen is like the Damascene blade, polished and beautiful, yet withal so smooth and keen that the victim of its blow is severed in twain almost without realizing the catastrophe. Long may Joseph O’Connor wield it, as he has always wielded it, a menace to evil and a swift and sure protection to the right.”

All over the State of New York the daily and weekly papers, the day after his death, contained most flattering and affectionate tributes to his memory, and these were echoed and reinforced since by the press of the whole country, for “The Rochesterian” gave the key to the right solution of many a question to hundreds of editors who sought in the exchanges for “J. O’C’s” latest.

Said the Rochester Times: “For intelligence and insight he had few peers among the great journalists of his time; but in addition he had what some more renowned than he have lacked—absolute bravery of conviction. His pen was unconditionally consecrated to truth as he saw truth; and nothing could weaken his allegiance. It is familiar history that he could have held some of the highest posts in American journalism had he been willing to bend his honor or relax his sincerity.”

“Intellectually,” says the Syracuse Herald, “he was one of the frankest and bravest of men, never hesitating to champion a cause that appealed to his reason or humanity because it happened to be temporarily unpopular.”

“Journalism,” says the Troy Press, “loses a philosophical writer, a brilliant scholar and a veritable ‘knowledge-box’ in the death of Joseph O’Connor of The Post Express. He was one of the few editors whose talent and resources were so abounding that adequately to replace him is practically out of the question.”

“He set before the men of his profession,” says the Rochester Herald, “an example of frankness, courage, and independence which is emulated wherever it is possible to follow it, and is admired and envied where conditions do not permit of its acceptance. The utterances of newspapers, elsewhere in the country as well as here, are more sincere, more fearless, and freer from cant and sham because of the ideals revered and upheld by Joseph O’Connor.”

“Mr. O’Connor,” says the Rochester Times, “was a man of extensive acquaintance, of legions of friends but with few ‘cronies.’ Among these favored few might be numbered Rev. Louis A. Lambert 174of Scottsville, editor-in-chief of the New York Freeman’s Journal; Rev. John L. Codyre of Fairport, Judge John D. Lynn, and a few others. His friendships were for literary characters and their conversation was of the ultra intellectual thought. Abstruse theological and philosophical problems were discussed with as much freedom as ordinary persons talk of the weather. Yet Mr. O’Connor in his kindly, lovable, winsome way could talk entertainingly on the commonest topic with any acquaintance and his was the tactful manner which never made one feel his smallness before him.”

Such is the tribute paid him by the Rochester, N. Y., Herald of October 10th, 1908, in its editorial column.

The Society, in response to its request for further information for its archives, received the following communication from Mr. O’Connor’s lifelong friend, Edmond Redmond, Esq., which we print in full:

Dear Sir: I duly received your letter of the 5th instant requesting such material as I may have in relation to a biographical sketch of the late Joseph O’Connor.

I assume that you have seen the notices printed in Rochester and other newspapers immediately following his decease. I regret that I can add but little to those eulogies, which were, I have reason to believe, written by intimate associates and came from the heart.

I thought that less was said by his recent friends about his interest in Ireland and her cause than deserves to be known. And on that point I can testify from acquaintance with him that few things were nearer or dearer to him than the land of his ancestors. His pen and voice were ever ready to work in the cause of Ireland, and I have no doubt that his personal fortunes, in the ordinary commercial sense, suffered from the persistence with which, all through life, he continued to bring to the attention of an indifferent public the wrongs inflicted on the people of the island. It was, however, a labor of love with him, and his zeal in the cause continued to the end. He had no confidence in secret societies effecting any great good in Irish politics; but he gave hearty support to the Land League in Parnell’s day. He was a delegate to the famous Land League convention of 1886 in Chicago, and was urged by friends to let them propose him for President of the American branch of the Society. He has been heard to say that he was indebted to the Land League for the experience which enabled him in later years to feel at home on his feet while engaged in public speaking on other subjects.

175His regard for Ireland could not have been stronger had he been a native of the land, and it was evidently inherited. Years ago he heard a friend humming “As Slow Our Ship Her Foamy Track,” and said that when his father was leaving Ireland a group gathered about him on the deck of the ship as he sung that song, and before it was finished they were all in tears.

Although usually slow to anger, he was liable to be moved on hearing the creditable deeds of plain Irishmen ascribed, as they are so often, to the “Scotch-Irish,”—a designation which he detested, employed as it usually is to detract from Ireland the reflected honor to which she is entitled from the worthy fame of her children.

If the nature and scope of the work which you have in hand permits of eulogy, it would be impossible to speak too highly of O’Connor’s character. In both public and private life he was the soul of honor. His talents were of the first order and always exerted toward good ends. His integrity was unbounding. Like Gay his “manners were gentle, his affections mild.” In a word he was a really great and uncommonly good citizen, a true and noble man. One of his favorite poets was Goldsmith and I cannot better end this too brief sketch than with what the author of “The Deserted Village” said of Reynolds:—

Mr. O’Connor was the author of many poems, and in 1895 the Putnams brought out a little volume of his modestly entitled “Poems.” Many of the shorter poems in the book are characterized by delicate fancy and graceful rhyming; such poems as “Her Hands,” “Water Lilies,” and the “Wine Song.” He favored these smaller, slighter children of his fancy. He thought the best poem he ever wrote was “The Cavalier Sword,” and next in order he placed “The Fount of Castaly.” In our opinion “Her Hands” is the sweetest and most graceful of them all, and we print it herewith:

HER HANDS.

David Irwin of San Francisco, an Irishman, formerly First Lieutenant of Company F, Third Rhode Island Heavy Artillery, who served under Gen. Charles R. Brayton, a guest and speaker at the dedication of the Society of the Sullivan Memorial December 16, 1908, has recently written a sketch of his service in the Army, and while compiling the story ran across several notes of incidents in Army life which directly concern Chief of Police Patrick Egan, of Providence, R. I.

Mr. Irwin has forwarded the information to General Brayton, in order that it may be preserved in the archives of the State. In his letter Mr. Irwin says: “Being a native of the Emerald Isle, I claim the right to make a little Irish bull by saying that when I enlisted at Providence the only man I knew in my regiment was a boy fifteen years old. The day that I made up my mind to be one of the ’200,000 more’ called for by President Lincoln, I went into the workshop where this boy was learning the shoe trade and said to him, ‘Patsy, I am going to enlist. Don’t you want to go?’

“He looked up with a smile on his face and replied: ‘Yes, if you will.’

“‘All right,’ I said, ‘come along. I’m going.’

“I can imagine I see him now getting up from his bench, taking off his apron, throwing it down and putting on his coat.

“Away we went to the recruiting office and signed the roll, he giving his age as seventeen, which no one doubted. He was tall for his years.

“I had hoped we would be placed in the same company, that I might be near him and keep an eye on him, for I felt somewhat responsible for taking him away from his widowed mother, but fate or fortunes of war willed it otherwise. I was assigned to Company G and he to Company C, which was afterward mounted as a light battery. However, he soon proved to be well able to take care of himself, except, perhaps, on one occasion.

178“That was soon after the Port Royal, S. C., expedition,” Mr. Irwin explains, “of which our regiment was a part, sailed from Hampton Roads late in October, 1861, the land forces, consisting of about 12,500 men, being under Gen. Thomas W. Sherman, and a fleet of seventeen warships and thirty transports and supply vessels, commanded by Commodore Samuel F. DuPont.

“About a week before sailing our regiment embarked on an old steamship, which had been used for carrying cotton from New Orleans to New York. Patsy’s company happened to be assigned to the poorest quarters on the ship—the lower hold. The accommodations for 1,000 men were none too good, consequently, we had more or less sickness on board.

“Hearing one day that Patsy was ill, I went in search of him, and found him in a dark, poorly ventilated hole. He was a very sick boy. I took him up to my company’s quarters and put him into a berth near the hatchway, where he got better air, and, with a little care—the best we could give him under the circumstances, as we were then off Cape Hatteras and having very stormy weather—he soon recovered and in a few days he was himself again.

“It may not be out of place to relate here a little incident which took place one night during the height of the storm. About midnight the rain was coming down in sheets, the sea running high and the wind blowing a gale, when, in an instant, over went the old ship on her beam’s end. This caused quite a commotion among the boys—we were all called ‘boys’ then—some of whom rushed to the hatchway to get on deck, but were prevailed upon to remain below. One of the foremost of them, ‘Jim’ Burns, a countryman of mine, dropped on his knees on the stairs and commenced praying like a good fellow. The others quieted down and paid all due respect to Jim and his prayers. In a few minutes the ship righted again, and in a short time the worst of the storm was over.

“Next day things looked a little brighter and some of the boys thought they might have a little fun at Jim’s expense. Being First Sergeant of the company, they suggested that I appoint Jim Chaplain of the company, seeing he had made such a good prayer the night before. When I told him of their wishes, he looked at me with a twinkle in his eye and replied:

“‘No you don’t appoint me Chaplain. Let them go to the ‘divil,’ and do their own prayin’.’

179“After losing four of our supply vessels during the storm, we arrived at our destination on the morning of November 7, 1861, and witnessed the same day the bombardment and capture by the Navy of Fort Walker on Hilton Head, and Fort Beauregard on Bay Point, S. C. We landed on the ‘sacred soil’ late in the afternoon, our regiment taking possession of the abandoned rebel fortifications.

“I saw but little of Patsy after this. Active operations were soon commenced, our regiment was broken up and the companies scattered over the islands and swamps about Charleston and Savannah, where they took a prominent part in the following: Siege and surrender of Fort Pulaski, Ga., from January 1 to April 15, 1862; battle of Secessionville, James Island, near Charleston, June 16, 1862; battle of Pocotaligo, S. C., on the Charleston and Savannah Railroad, October 21, 1862; capture of Morris Island and Fort Wagner, and in the bombardment and memorable siege of Fort Sumter, 1863, and many other smaller engagements.

“In the spring of 1863 I met his captain (Brayton), who had been a Lieutenant in my company and afterward Colonel of the regiment, and asked him how ‘Patrick Egan’—that was the boy’s name—‘was getting along.’

“He answered, ‘Egan is getting along all right. He is one of my best boys. I have just made him a corporal.’

“The first time I met Patsy after this was on the disastrous battlefield of Olustee, Florida, February 20, 1864. He was then a Sergeant and had charge of a section of his battery, which was temporarily attached to a four-gun Battery M of the First United States Artillery. When I was ordered to retire from the field with the remnant of the battery in which I was then serving, E, Third United States Artillery, by the late Senator Hawley, who was then Colonel of the Seventh Connecticut, and Acting Brigadier-General, we passed near to where young Egan was, with his two guns in position.

“I rode up to him and exclaimed, ‘Patsy, what are you doing here?’

“His reply was, ‘We are doing the best we can.’

“Not seeing any officers present, I then said to him, ‘You had better get out of here as soon as possible, or you and your men and guns will all be captured.’

“He limbered up, withdrew a short distance and fired a few more 180shots of cannister which, I have no doubt, checked, at a critical moment, the advance of the enemy.

“It was now dark, and I believe these were the last guns fired at the Battle of Olustee, where the Union troops under Gen. Truman Seymour lost 1,900 men in killed, wounded and missing, and five pieces of artillery, out of a force of about 4,500 men engaged.

“The Confederates were supposed to have about 6,000 troops, commanded by General Finnegan, and their loss was reported to be little over 900.

“This engagement seemed to be more like an ambuscade than anything else. It was so unexpected—like a thunderclap out of a clear sky. We were marching leisurely through a swampy, thickly-wooded country from early morning until 3 p. m., when we came to a clearing and found the enemy, who had been retreating for several days, posted in a very strong, well-chosen position, partly intrenched and sheltered by thick woods, while we were exposed to their deadly fire in the open field, which accounts for the great difference in the losses.

“We retired in good order during the night and next day to Jacksonville, forty miles distant, with but little trouble from the ‘Johnnies.’ Here young Egan joined his own battery, turned over his section to the commanding officer and reported a loss of one man killed, six wounded and twelve horses killed or disabled. He was slightly wounded himself and had a horse shot under him. The battery to which his section was attached lost about thirty-five men in killed, wounded and missing and three out of their four guns.

“I will now quote an incident of camp life taken from his narrative of the Florida campaign:

“‘A few days after our arrival in Jacksonville the battery, together with Barton’s Brigade, was ordered to Palatka. Palatka is a small town seventy miles from Jacksonville, on the St. John’s River, and is, at the present time, a winter resort for invalids. It was here that the famous ‘cow incident’ took place, and ‘Who killed the cow?’ afterward became a by-word in the brigade, especially when Colonel Barton was within hearing distance.

“‘It came about in this way: When we occupied Palatka, the only white person in the village was an old lady, who had a fine residence, and Colonel Barton, the commander of the brigade, made his headquarters there. This woman had a very nice cow, the only one in the village, and Barton was dependent upon her for milk.

181“‘During the day the cow would feed in the dooryards and on the lawns, and sometimes she would come around to where Battery C was camped. One day some of the boys thought what a nice steak and liver they could get from the cow, and, at the same time, get square with Barton, he not being a favorite with the boys. They thought they might kill two birds with one stone by getting the steak and liver, and, at the same time, cut off Barton’s milk supply. So the next day, when the cow came along, one of the boys drove her into a back-yard near the camp, and, in a short time, that cow was a thing of the past.

“‘Steaks and liver were cut out for those who had done the work and for their friends, and the rest of the meat was sent to the cook house, where all had nice beef stew. Everything was all right until milking-time, when the cow failed to show up. Then the fun began. Men were sent out from headquarters and also from the Provost Marshal’s office to try to find the cow and to make inquiries.

“‘Of course, the men of Battery C knew nothing about her. But they were eventually suspected, for the next morning the Provost Marshal came to our quarters asking all sorts of questions. Some of the boys, including your humble servant, knew nothing about it and were sorry for the Colonel. The following morning Colonel Barton sent for the non-commissioned officers and told us that he was satisfied that the last seen of the cow was near Battery C’s camp. He also said that all he wanted was the name of the man who killed the cow, and that some of the non-commissioned officers must know something about it. He then asked each one the name of the man who killed the cow, but each denied all knowledge of it.

“‘Well, someone must have given the whole thing away, for the next day Captain James had the “assembly” blown and the company fell in. He then called the names of nine men, comprising one Sergeant, one Corporal, and seven privates. The Sergeant and Corporal were reduced to the ranks, and, with the other seven, were confined in the guard house, put on a diet of bread and water, and made a “spread eagle” of until someone should tell who killed the cow.

“‘Morning and evening they were asked who killed the cow, but they denied they knew who did it. This was carried on for three days, when someone put up a job with the pickets, and on the afternoon 182of the third day they began firing, the long roll was sounded and the prisoners were released to man the guns. No Johnnies appeared, it being a bluff to get the men released. They could not be punished again for the same offence, so thus ended the cow incident, but Colonel Barton never found out who killed the cow.

“‘In justice to Colonel Barton, who has joined the “Grand Army above,” I wish to say that I knew him very well and served under him for nearly a year, and found him to be a nice gentleman, a strict disciplinarian, a good and a brave officer. I will also state that I have good reason for believing that Comrade Egan took no part in “cutting off the Colonel’s milk supply” and that the old lady was compensated for the loss of the cow.’

“In April, 1864, his battery was ordered to Fort Monroe, Va., where it joined General Butler’s Army of the James and participated in all the battles, sieges and operations around Petersburg and Richmond from May 4 to the close of the war, having fought for the Union in four of the seceding States—South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and Virginia. He was honorably discharged when in sight of the steeples of Richmond, October, 1864. At the close of the war his old battery was the first volunteer battery to enter that long-coveted and hard-fought-for city—Richmond. To Capt. Martin S. James of this battery was assigned the honor of dismantling the fortifications around this famous stronghold and capital of the Confederacy.

“When next we met, August, 1904, at the National Encampment, G. A. R., in Boston, Mass., I could hardly believe he was the same boy I last saw—more than forty years before—on the battlefield of Olustee. He was then (1904) a fine specimen of manhood; stood six feet, one and one half inches, and weighed 240 pounds.”

W. J. O’HAGAN, ESQ.,

Of Charleston, S. C.

Vice-President of the Society for South Carolina.

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York was instituted on March 17, 1784. It had its origin among Irish officers connected with the armies of the American Revolution. On November 25, 1783, the last British soldier departed from the shores of Manhattan, the British flag which had been nailed to the flagpole of Fort George was hauled down, the American flag was run up in its place, and the Continental Army entered the city. It was led by George Washington, then an adopted member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick of Philadelphia. At his side rode the Governor, General George Clinton, the son of an Irishman; and the advance battalion was commanded by General Henry Knox, also the son of an Irishman, and a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick of Philadelphia.

In the environment produced by these conditions, in the atmosphere of liberty and Constitutional government that followed the advent of the American army into its final possession of New York City, was born the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. Daniel McCormick was its founder and its president for many years. The objects of the Society were to assist poor and distressed natives, and descendants of natives, of Ireland, and promote friendly, social feelings among its members.

With these laudable purposes, on March 17, 1784, the first St. Patrick’s Day following the evacuation of New York by the British, the Society inaugurated its festive functions at “Cape’s Tavern.” In the New York Packet and Advertiser of Thursday, March 18, 1784, the following appears:

Yesterday, being the anniversary of St. Patrick, his patriotic sons met at Cape’s Tavern, where they gave an elegant entertainment to his Excellency the Governor, Lieut.-Governor, Chancellor and a number of other respectable gentlemen of this State. The day and evening were spent in festivity and mirth, and a number of suitable toasts were drunk upon this joyful occasion. 184The greatest unanimity and conviviality pervaded this numerous and jovial company, and perhaps this great Saint was never honoured with a concourse of more generous and truly patriotic sons than this assembly afforded.

Thus commenced (in the words of Curran), “those happy meetings when the swelling heart conceived and communicated the pure and generous purpose, the innocent enjoyment of social mirth expanded into the nobler warmth of social virtue, and the horizon of the board became enlarged into the horizon of man.” Almost uninterruptedly since quarterly and anniversary meetings of the Society have been held. Many of the leading men of the City and State are enrolled among its members, and the records of the Society from the beginning contain names prominent in the early history of the Republic. Social and friendly intercourse was promoted and maintained among the natives of Ireland and their kinsmen and descendants. Numbers of deserving, but less fortunate fellow-countrymen, were relieved by the bounty of the Society, implements and materials for domestic manufacture were furnished to the industrious poor. The needy were assisted with money, medicine, clothing and fuel, the destitute were provided with homes and, when necessary, were furnished with sufficient funds to enable them to return to their native land.

The design of the badge worn by members of the Society, and which appears on the cover of this book, is a facsimile of the “reverse” of the medal worn by the members of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in Philadelphia in 1771. The following in reference to that medal is from Haverty’s American Almanac:

Each member was required to furnish himself with a gold medal of the value of three guineas, agreeably to the following description: On the right, HIBERNIA; on the left, AMERICA; in the center, LIBERTY joining the hands of HIBERNIA and AMERICA, represented by the usual figures of a female supported by a harp, for HIBERNIA; an Indian with his quiver on his back and his bow slung, for AMERICA; underneath, UNITE. On the reverse, ST. PATRICK tramping on a snake, a cross in his hand, dressed in pontificalibus, the motto, “HIER.”

These devices, designed some years before the Revolution, were certainly ominous, if not prophetic. The Goddess of LIBERTY joining the hands of HIBERNIA and AMERICA, with the superscription “UNITE,” was sufficiently significant, considering that the effect of that union powerfully promoted the subsequent dismemberment of the British Empire and the liberty and independence of America. The motto, HIER, or, without the aspirate, IER, in the Celtic language signifies “West,” and from it came the name of 185the country, Ere, Erin, or Ireland, and Ierna, aspirated Hibernia. But the word HIER had in it a duplicate and equivocal signification, peculiarly appropriate as the motto of a society whose object was to “Unite” in fellowship the sons of the little isle of the “West” with those of the great continent of the “West.” This medal the members were obliged to wear at the meeting of the Society under the penalty of 7s. 6d. for neglect to do so on St. Patrick’s day, and 5s. on the days of the quarterly meetings.^[2]

The original records of the Society from 1784 to 1835, except the Treasurer’s Book from 1804, were lost by fire in August, 1835, being at that time in possession of the Secretary, whose place of business was destroyed.

The Society has been true to the principles on which it was founded. It has helped the needy and distressed, and has been the means of cementing lifelong friendships among its members and among those who participated in its festivities. From the Society grew the Irish Emigrant Society and the Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank. Uniting to the charitable and humane the friendly and social feelings, it seeks to keep ever vigorous the love of Ireland and of the Irish character. It celebrates the festival of St. Patrick as a national and immemorial custom, to commemorate the glory of Ireland, to drop a tear upon her sorrows and to express a hope for her regeneration. It has entertained illustrious and distinguished guests at its banquets. Among those of recent years may be mentioned President Theodore Roosevelt in 1905, and president-elect William H. Taft in 1908. A notable dinner was given on May 29, 1902, to the French Governmental Mission attending the Rochambeau Monument ceremonies, in acknowledgement of which the Republic of France presented to the Society a magnificent Sèvres vase, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Among the Society’s members have been many of the great merchants, business and professional men of the city. To pass over the 186living, on its rolls appear the names of Alexander Macomb, Hugh Gaine, William Constable, Dominick Lynch, DeWitt Clinton, John Caldwell, Thomas Addis Emmet, Robert J. Dillon, Joseph Stuart, Richard Bell, William Kelly, Joseph P. Kernochan, John Haggerty, Ogden Haggerty, William Sampson, David J. Graham, Charles O’Conor, James T. Brady, John R. Brady, Dr. Robert Hogan, Dr. William James MacNeven, Very Rev. Dr. John Power, Thomas W. Clerke, Daniel Devlin, Henry L. Hoguet, Eugene Kelly, Joseph J. O’Donohue, Richard O’Gorman, John Savage, Jeremiah Devlin, William Whiteside, Thomas Barbour, Hugh J. Hastings, Thomas Francis Meagher, James R. Cuming, Charles P. Daly, Frederick Smyth, William R. Grace, William L. Brown, Peter McDonnell, C. C. Shayne, Frank T. Fitzgerald, George C. Barrett, Samuel Sloan, James S. Coleman, John Crane, Vincent P. Travers, John Stewart, Daniel O’Day and Hugh Kelly. Grover Cleveland was an honorary member.

Of these, Dr. William James MacNeven and Thomas Addis Emmet, whose names are indelibly written on the pages not only of Irish history, but on the history of New York city and State, became members of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in 1815. Facing Broadway, in the graveyard of historic St. Paul’s, are reared the columns upon which are noted their services to their native country and to their adopted land, flanking on either side the tablet which perpetuates the memory of that other great Irishman, who fell at the siege of Quebec, General Richard Montgomery.

Free from all religious and political characteristics, it is the representative Irish society in the city of New York.

In 1827 it was incorporated by the following act of the Legislature of the State of New York:

“An Act to Incorporate the Society of the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick, in the City of New York. Passed February 13, 1827.

“Whereas, the members of a Society instituted for the relief of indigent natives of Ireland, and their descendants, have petitioned the 187Legislature for an act of incorporation, the better to enable them to obtain the objects of their association; therefore

“1. Be it enacted by the People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, That John Chambers, James McBride, James Magee, Alexander Charters, John Montgomery, John Cauldwell and Daniel McCormick, and such other persons as now are or hereafter shall become members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick in the City of New York, are hereby constituted and declared a body politic and corporate, in fact and in name, by the name of “The Society of the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick in the City of New York,” and by that name they and their successors, during the existence of the said corporation, shall and may have perpetual succession; and shall in law be capable of suing and being sued, pleading and being impleaded, answering and being answered unto, defending and being defended, in all courts and places whatsoever; and that they and their successors may have and use a common seal, and may change and alter the same from time to time at their pleasure; and also that, by their corporate name, and in their corporate capacity, they and their successors may purchase, take, hold, use and enjoy, sell, lease and convey any estate, real or personal, for the use and benefit of said corporation: Provided, That the annual income of such real and personal estate shall not at any time exceed the sum of five thousand dollars.

“2. And be it further enacted, That the said corporation shall have power to make such constitution, by-laws and regulations, as they shall judge proper, for the appointment of officers, for the admission of new members, for the government of the officers and members thereof, for collecting annual contributions from the members towards the funds thereof, for regulating the times and places of meeting of the said Society, for suspending or expelling such members as shall neglect or refuse to comply with the by-laws or regulations, and for the managing and directing the property, affairs and concerns of said Society: Provided, That such constitution, by-laws and regulations be not inconsistent with the Laws or Constitution of this State, or of the United States: Provided further, that the said corporation shall not engage in any banking business, nor dispose of any of its funds for any other purpose than the relief of such members of the said Society, natives of Ireland, and children and grandchildren 188of natives of Ireland, or of a member of said Society, as may become indigent and poor.

“3. And be it further enacted, That the present officers of said Society shall hold their respective offices until others shall be chosen in their places.

“4. And be it further enacted, That this Act be, and hereby is declared to be, a public act, and that the same shall be construed in all courts and places, benignly and favourably for every beneficial purpose therein intended, and that no misnomer of the said corporation in any deed, gift, grant, devise or other instrument of contract or conveyance, shall vitiate or defeat the same: Provided, The Corporation shall be sufficiently described to ascertain the intention of the parties.

“5. And be it further enacted, That the Legislature may at any time hereafter amend, alter, modify or repeal this act.”

[Laws of New York, 1827; chapter 42.]

Owing to the loss of the Society’s books in 1835, the list of its early members is necessarily incomplete, but a partial list of the earliest members is:

COMPLETE ROLL OF MEMBERSHIP MARCH 17, 1835.

Its presidents have been noted merchants, financiers, jurists and professional men. Daniel McCormick was the first president, serving from 1784 to 1788, and in 1793 and 1794, and again from 1797 to 1827. Other presidents of this venerable Society were: William Constable, 1789, 1790 and 1795; Alexander Macomb, 1791; Thomas Roach, 1792; George Pollock, 1796; John Chambers, 1828 to 1833; James McBride, 1834; Campbell P. White, 1835 to 1838; Dr. Robert Hogan, 1839 to 1842; James Reyburn, 1843 to 1850; Richard Bell, 1851–1852 and 1865; Joseph Stuart, 1853–1856 and 1866; Samuel Sloan, 1857–1858; Richard O’Gorman, 1859; Charles P. Daly, 1860–1862, 1870, 1878–1884; James T. Brady, 1863–1864; Henry L. Hoguet, 1867; John R. Brady, 1868 and 1871–1874; Eugene Kelly, 1869; Thomas Barbour, 1875–1876; Hugh J. Hastings, 1877; Joseph J. O’Donohue, 1885–1886, 1888–1889; James R. Cuming, 1887; David McClure, 1890–1891; John D. Crimmins, 1892–1894; James S. Coleman, 1895–1896; Morgan J. O’Brien, 1897–1899; James A. O’Gorman, 1900–1902; James Fitzgerald, 1903–1905; Joseph I. C. Clarke, 1906; Michael J. Drummond, 1907; Stephen Farrelly, 1908; William Temple Emmet, 1908–1909.

The surprising growth of New York is well shown by the steady march up-town of the places where the anniversary dinners of the Society have been held since its organization to the present time.

1784

Cape’s Tavern. (Now No. 115 Broadway.)

1785

The Coffee House. (Mr. Bradford’s, in Water Street, near Wall Street.)

1786

The Coffee House.

1787

The Coffee House.

1788

Merchants’ Coffee House. (S. E. Cor. Wall and Water Streets.)

194

1789

to 1794 The City Tavern. (115 Broadway.)

1795

to 1803 The Tontine Coffee House. (N. W. Cor. Wall and Water Streets.)

1804

The Old Coffee House. (In Water Street, near Wall Street.)

1805

and 1806 The Tontine Coffee House.

1807

Phoenix Coffee House. (Wall Street.)

1808

Mechanics’ Hall. (N. W. Cor. Broadway and Park Place.)

1809

to 1815 The Tontine Coffee House.

1816

Washington Hall. (Now No. 280 Broadway.)

1817

The Tontine Coffee House.

1818

to 1832 The Bank Coffee House. (S. E. Cor. Pine and William Streets.)

1833

to 1835 The City Hotel. (115 Broadway.)

1836

and 1837 Washington Hotel. (No. 1 Broadway.)

1838

Carlton House. (N. E. Cor. Broadway and Leonard Streets.)

1839

City Hotel.

1840

Niblo’s Tavern. (Broadway and Prince Street.)

1841

to 1846 City Hotel.

1847

and 1848 No dinners—Irish famine years.

1849

City Hotel.

1850

Delmonico’s Hotel. (William Street.)

1851

to 1856 Astor House.

1857

to 1862 Metropolitan Hotel.

1863

Delmonico’s. (Broadway and Chambers Street.)

1864

to 1868 Delmonico’s. (14th Street and Fifth Avenue.)

1869

and 1870 St. James Hotel.

1871

Hoffman House.

1872

Hotel Brunswick.

1873

and 1874 Delmonico’s. (14th Street and Fifth Avenue.)

1875

Hoffman House.

1876

and 1877 Delmonico’s. (14th Street and Fifth Avenue.)

1878

Metropolitan Hotel.

1879

and 1880 Delmonico’s. (14th Street and Fifth Avenue.)

1881

to 1883 Delmonico’s. (Madison Square.)

1884

Hotel Brunswick.

1885

to 1895 Delmonico’s. (Madison Square.)

1896

Hotel Savoy.

1897

Waldorf.

1898

Waldorf-Astoria.

1899

to 1908 Delmonico’s. (Fifth Avenue and 44th Street.)

HON. PATRICK GARVAN.

Of Hartford, Conn.

A Life Member of the Society.

Mr. Lenehan is the Chairman of the Membership Committee of the American Irish Historical Society, through whose efforts and ability 250 members have been added to the Society’s rolls between the time of his appointment in June, 1908, and January 16th, 1909, the date of the eleventh annual meeting in Washington, D. C. New applications from him have been coming in almost daily since the latter date. We look forward to at least an equal number of new members being admitted during 1909, and the Society hereby expresses the highest praise of Mr. Lenehan for his faithful and fruitful efforts in its behalf. Under his guidance, the printed matter which has gone forth during 1908 throughout the country has been prepared and circulated, and in his work he is receiving the cordial support of all the members.

Although in the midst of a busy life as a successful practising lawyer, Mr. Lenehan finds time to give valuable assistance by word and deed to these two great national societies, The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick and the American Irish Historical Society, both of which claim him as an honored member.

EARLY MARINE “WIRELESS.”

Not the least valuable of the many practical lessons taught by the cruise of the Atlantic battleship fleet around the world was the demonstration of the possibility of following from Washington almost every day’s move of the great white ships from their departure from Hampton Roads to their return, by means of wireless telegraphy and other methods of transmitting information. It is a cardinal point in the strategy of naval warfare to be thoroughly advised, first, of the location, disposition and conditions of your own ships and, second, the same of your adversary’s.

Some idea of the stupendous advances made in this most important detail may be gained by a comparison with the “wireless” marine telegraphy of a century ago when, although electricity had not been harnessed to the news bureau, ingenious methods of maintaining a “marine telegraph” were operative which, in some instances, were most surprising in their results.

196At the outbreak of the War of 1812 our government planned a crushing blow at British commerce. A fleet of 100 English merchantmen from Jamaica was expected to pass close to the North American coast and the most formidable squadron we could then assemble, consisting of the frigates President, United States and Congress, with the sloop and brig Hornet and Argus, under the command of Captain John Rodgers, was held in New York ready to sail. As soon as war was declared, June 18, 1812, a courier set out from Washington and in three days arrived in New York—quick work for those days, but the information now could be flashed in a few seconds.

One hour after receiving the news Rodgers got under way and on the morning of the second day out spoke an American vessel and learned from her master that he had seen the Jamaica fleet only two days before. Rodgers made sail in the direction indicated, but he was drawn away in a futile chase after the British frigate Belvidera. Afterward, however, he resumed his pursuit of the merchant fleet and on July 1 he detected “quantities of cocoanut shells and orange peels” in the water, which showed that he was in the wake of the fleet. He followed this sea-trail several days and was rapidly overtaking the chase, when he lost it in the fogs on the Newfoundland Banks.

Floating bottles, pieces of wreckage, cask-heads and other ship debris were the “clicks” of the first “marine wireless” that assisted our early mariners in discovering the whereabouts of friend or foe on the high seas. And even a marine “postoffice” was a service recognized early in the 19th century—many years before it came into general use on land. When our 32-gun frigate Essex was making her memorable cruise in the Pacific Ocean, 1813–1814, Captain David Porter records that he stopped at Charles Island of the Galapagos in the southern Pacific Ocean to examine the “postoffice”—a box nailed to a tree in which whalers and other craft deposited records of their cruises and intended movements.

That these ocean “postoffices” were sometimes used for “misinformation” is shown in the case of this same Captain Porter. One of these “postal stations” in the Atlantic was the penal island of Fernando de Noronha, off the extreme eastern limit of Brazil. This was a point usually touched by vessels bound for the Cape of Good Hope or Cape Horn. While Porter was cruising in the south 197Atlantic under orders to join the Constitution and Hornet, he hove-to off this port on December 14, 1812, and sending a boat ashore learned that there was a letter there addressed to “Sir James Yeo, of the British 32-gun frigate Southampton.” He also learned that only the week before the English 44-gun frigate “Acasta and the 20-gun sloop of war Morgiana” had stopped at that port and had sailed for Rio de Janeiro, leaving a letter addressed to “Sir James Yeo.”

Before sailing from the United States Porter had been instructed to pose as Sir James Yeo and was to join the Constitution and Hornet, which two vessels were to pass as the Acasta and Morgiana, off Cape Frio, Brazil. This was done to deceive the enemy. When Porter learned that there was a letter at Fernando de Noronha addressed to “Sir James Yeo,” he at once sent a present of porter and cheese to the governor of the island and received the coveted letter. It was found to contain the usual references of a voyage by a British commander, but some “key words” induced Porter to hold the letter to the flame of a candle, when the following instructions, written in sympathetic ink, became legible: “I am bound off Bahia, thence off Cape Frio, where I intend to cruise until the 1st of January. Go off Cape Frio, to the northward of Rio de Janeiro, and keep a lookout for me. Your friend.”

Captain Porter did as ordered, but on December 29 the Constitution captured, after a hard fight, the British frigate Java, and soon afterward the Hornet sank the English sloop of war Peacock. This left the Essex free to choose her own course and the result was her memorable cruise of two years in the Pacific.

But the most remarkable instance of early marine wireless was that of the chase after the Constitution from Boston, across the Atlantic, by a powerful British squadron, which, on March 10, 1815, cornered Old Ironsides in Port Praya, near the extreme western coast of Africa, on the very day she entered that harbor and just seventy-six days after the hostile vessels had sailed from the blockade of the New England port.

For more than eight months British cruisers had been holding the dreaded Constitution—then commanded by Captain Charles Stewart—in the Hub, but, late in December, 1814, she gave them the slip and once again was in blue water. Running down to Bermuda, where he captured the merchant ship Lord Nelson, Stewart stood 198across the Atlantic to the Madeiras and then cruised for several days within sight of the Rock of Lisbon. Shaping her course southward again the Constitution, on February 20, 1815, after a brilliant fight, captured the British cruisers Cyane and Levant and with his two prizes entered Port Praya on the morning of March 10.

Soon after the Constitution made her escape from Boston, a terrific snow storm, lasting several days, compelled the English blockading squadron to take refuge in Cape Cod Bay. On December 22, while the British officers were making themselves as comfortable as they could in the bitter cold, the English 18-gun brig sloop Arab, Captain Henry Jane, arrived with the startling information that the Constitution had escaped. At once there was a hurrying and scurrying for immediate pursuit. Provisions, bought at an exorbitant price from the canny landfolk, were hurried aboard and every preparation was made for a chase of indefinite length.

But in what direction were they to pursue? Absolutely nothing is recorded in the log of the British flagship as to what course the Constitution had taken. Here nautical sagacity, aided by the “wireless telegraphy” then so remarkably in use on the high seas, came to the aid of the British senior officer of the blockading force—Sir George Collier, of the 50-gun frigate Leander. Sir George sagely conjectured that the Flying Yankee would most likely take a southern course so as to escape the bitterly cold winter of New England. In those days there were no means for heating the cabins, wardroom, steerage or berth decks of ships, so a prolonged stay in the higher latitudes was a problem to be seriously considered. Selecting the 50-gun frigate Newcastle, Captain Lord George Stuart, and the 40-gun frigate Acasta, Captain Kerr, to accompany him, Sir George, on December 24th, made sail in a blind chase southward.

It seems that on the night of December 21st the famous American privateer, Prince de Neuchâtel, also escaped from Boston and made the same course the Constitution had taken. When only a day or so out she ran into the same storm that drove the English blockading ships into Cape Cod Bay.

On the morning of December 28, just as the gale was abating and only four days after the British squadron sailed, Sir George overtook the Prince de Neuchâtel and captured her; and from some of the Englishmen who were aboard the privateer learned somewhat of the proposed itinerary of the Constitution. With this first direct 199trace of his game, the British commander shaped his course across the Atlantic for the coast of Spain.

How eager the English were to capture the Constitution, above all other American frigates, may be seen in the record of a sailor who was in the Prince de Neuchâtel at the time. He says that after being taken aboard the Leander as a prisoner he noticed a large placard nailed to her mainmast, which read as follows:

“A reward of One Hundred pounds sterling to the man who shall first descry the American frigate Constitution, provided she can be brought to, and a smaller reward should they not be enabled to come up with her.”

This same sailor writes: “Every one [in the Leander] was eager in his inquiries about this far-famed frigate and most of the men appeared anxious to fall in with her, she being a constant theme of conversation, speculation and curiosity. There were, however, two seamen and a marine—one of whom had had his shin sadly shattered from one of her grape-shot—who were in the frigate Java when she was captured. These I have often heard say, in return to their shipmates’ boastings: ‘If you had seen as much of the Constitution as we have, you would give her a wide berth, for she throws her shot almighty careless, fires quick, aims low and is, altogether, an ugly customer.’”

Continuing on his trail of the much-coveted Yankee frigate, Sir George, on January 4, 1815,—seven days after sailing—while off the Western Isles, received another “wireless click” when he picked up a prize brig belonging to the American privateer Perry and from her master learned that the Perry had spoken the Constitution only a few days before, on a course that would indicate that she was making for the coast of Spain. As a matter of fact, this powerful British squadron was at that moment only a few hours’ sail from the Constitution.

Touching at the port of Fayal, January 13th, 1815, Sir George’s chase after Old Ironsides nearly terminated in disaster. A record left by one of the American prisoners in the Leander says: “We ran in with a southwest wind that had freshened to a stiff breeze till coming under the lee of the Peak of Pico, opposite to Fayal. This aided a little in breaking the wind and the heavy swell which 200came rolling in from the open sea beyond. Immediately to leeward was a rocky, perpendicular bluff of three hundred feet in height, which the sea was breaking against with the greatest fury.

“I had taken my perch upon the booms so as to have a chance of clearly seeing the working of the frigate, as well as the different objects of curiosity within my range.... The anchor was let go and the cable spun out to its entire length with the most fearful swiftness. But when all was out the frigate still went, stern-on, toward the bluff, as though the anchor was yet at the cathead. When she had drifted so as to be without the shelter of the Peak and exposed to the wind and heavy swell, both driving her on to inevitable destruction, unless suddenly checked in her course, none was so blind as not to see the peril, the almost instant annihilation with which the frigate was threatened, and in a twinkling it was known that the anchor had not taken hold, but was dragging.

“What means were adopted for the safety of the ship I know not, for my curiosity had full employment in following the old commodore [Sir George Collier] about the deck in his mad ravings. I have read and heard much of the coolness, intrepidity and readiness of the English naval officers in all sudden cases of emergency and danger; and this commodore was one of the oldest in commission and a staunch veteran in the service. He had seen long service, fought many a fight, been slashed and cut to disfiguration—as his numerous scars plainly told—had had one of his legs broken at three different places, at three separate periods between the hip and knee, each setting worse than the last, making his leg crooked, more crooked, most crooked.

“When he saw that the frigate was gathering sternway toward the bluff, he raved, stormed and swore at the ship, cable, anchor, officers, men, boys, hell and the devil, clinching each oath separately by a whack of his cane at and on everything within his reach. Now he was running toward the wheel at the stern, then furiously driving across the deck to the hawseholes at the bow, tacking first to larboard, then to the starboard side of the ship; yelling at the first lieutenant for not making the anchor hold on, swearing at the anchor for not obeying the lieutenant, damning the cable for not being longer, the water for being so deep, the bottom for lying so low; and, at last, when he had nothing else to crisp with his red-hot blessings, he blasted his own eyes, heart, liver and lights, winding 201up with a curse upon the prisoners, conveying their souls in a trice to the lower regions without benefit of clergy, for being the cause of all the disasters in store for him and his frigate—henceforth and forever.

“I was as fully sensible of the danger of our situation as any one, but I could not suppress my laughter at the antics which this hero of many wars was cutting about the decks. I have no simile nor comparison for his movements, for, verily, there is none. It was not a hitch-and-go-ahead, nor a half-hitch and side lurch; neither was it a back-and-fill, balance-haul or a bob-and-hop, straddling slide. No more like a cock-and-primed, tip-toe dance than a toe-and-heel, fore-and-after is like a cut-and-thrust, forward-spring, a back-staggering or blinker-wiper. It partook of the whole in about equal parts. In fact, I could liken his run with his crooked leg to nothing but the effort of the crab to walk upright upon a slippery surface, doggedly intent to win the wager of the half-blown terrapin, who, in the same attitude, is being balked in his first trial at the double-shuffle by attempting it in a wig, gown and Wellingtons instead of short-cuts and pumps and going at it with sleeves rolled up as an honest one should.

“At last the second anchor brought her up, and lucky it was that it did, for she had drifted within a few minutes’ distance of the bluff, where the frigate would not have held together five minutes. With the freshened winds and lashing waves throwing the spray mast-high, every soul on board must have been lost, for the water was deep and the first thing the frigate would have struck was the perpendicular cliff—three hundred feet high and of unknown depth below.”

After this narrow escape Sir George transferred his prisoners to the sloop of war Pheasant and, after replenishing his stores, resumed his chase after the Yankee frigate. Just what course was pursued by the commander from this point is not shown in American or British records. It is a fact, however, that the presence of the Constitution in European waters was known in many ocean ports and that several British cruisers were sent out from Lisbon, Gibraltar and other nearby ports to intercept her.

It was, undoubtedly, by means of this “wireless marine telegraphy” that Sir George so shaped his course, after leaving Fayal, that he arrived off Port Praya, March 10, 1815, only a few hours after the Constitution with her two prizes, the Cyane and Levant, had entered 202that harbor. The miraculous escape of the American frigate from Sir George’s overwhelming force in the offing of Port Praya is a matter of history. It is recorded that he was so chagrined over the extraordinary escape of the Constitution—after he had so successfully followed her, by means of the first “marine wireless,” across the Atlantic—that ten years afterward, on being reminded of the incident, he committed suicide.

SKETCHES OF WILLIAM DUNLAP, THOMAS P. JOHNSON AND THOMAS SHARP, DISTINGUISHED IRISH AMERICANS DURING REVOLUTIONARY TIMES.

The following short series of articles relate to distinguished people of our race who played prominent parts in the stirring scenes during the Revolution, and whose memoirs are full of interesting anecdotes and descriptions of those times.

William Dunlap, son of Samuel Dunlap, who was a native of Ireland, Thomas P. Johnson, one of the prominent members of the New Jersey Bar 100 years ago, and others are referred to. Mr. Dunlap himself, in his memoirs, gives a graphic description of Revolutionary scenes in New Jersey. Another of the articles is a history by Thomas Sharp, a member of the Society of Friends, of Newton, Gloucester County, N. J. The brief history is here quoted exactly as compiled by the ancient author, and its quaint language, with its disregard for spelling and construction, is interesting. Thatcher, a military writer of that time, gives a characteristic anecdote of Washington, which is here appended.

Revolutionary Times in Perth Amboy.

Perth Amboy, N. J., was the home of Governor Franklin, who was made a prisoner by the Colonials in the Revolution, and sent to Connecticut for safe-keeping.

William Dunlap, painter and author, was also a native of Perth 203Amboy, and a graphic description of “olden times” is contained in his own memoirs in his “History of the Arts of Design.” He says:

“I was born in the city of Perth Amboy and province of New Jersey. My father, Samuel Dunlap, was a native of the north of Ireland and son of a merchant of Londonderry. In youth he was devoted to the army and bore the colors of the Forty-seventh Regiment, ‘Wolfe’s Own,’ on the Plains of Abraham. He was borne wounded from the field on which his commander triumphed and died. After the French war, Dunlap, then a lieutenant in the Forty-Seventh, and stationed at Perth Amboy, married Margaret Sargent, of that place, and retired from the army to the quiet of a country town and country store. The 19th of February, 1766, is registered as the date of my birth, and being an only child, the anniversary of the important day was duly celebrated by my indulgent parents. Of education I had none, in the usual sense of the word, owing to circumstances I shall mention, and much of that which is to the child most essential was bad.

“Holding negroes in slavery was, in those days, the common practice, and the voices of those who protested against the custom were not heeded. Every house in my native place where any servants were to be seen swarmed with black slaves. My father’s kitchen had several families of them, of all ages and all born in the family except one, who was called a new negro, and who had his face tattooed. His language was scarcely intelligible, though he had been long in the country, and was an old man. These blacks indulged me, of course, and I sought the kitchen as the place to find playmates and amusements suited to my taste. Thus in the mirth and games of the negroes, and the variety of visitors of the black race who frequented the place, my desires were shaped. This may be considered my first school, and, indeed, such was the education of many a boy in the states where the practice of slavery continued. The infant was taught to tyrannize, the boy was taught to despise labor, the mind of the child was contaminated by hearing and seeing that which, perhaps, was not understood at the time but which remained in the memory. These kitchen associations were increased during a part of the Revolution by soldiers, who found their mess fare improved by visiting the negroes, and by servants of officers billeted in the house.

204“Perth Amboy being now in the possession of the British, my father returned with his family to his home, and I saw in my native town, particularly after the battles of Princeton and Trenton, all the discomforts of a crowded camp and garrison. An army which had recently passed in triumph from the sea to the banks of the Delaware, and chosen its winter quarters at pleasure, was now driven in, crowded upon a shore washed by the Atlantic, and defended by the guns of the ships which had borne it thence.

“I have elsewhere compared the scenes I now witnessed to the dramatic scenes of Wallenstein’s Lager. Here was centered in addition to the soldiery cantoned at the place all those drawn in from the Delaware, Princeton and Brunswick, together with the flower of the army, English, Scotch, and German, which had been brought in from Rhode Island. Here was to be seen a party of the Forty-Second Highlanders in national costume, and there a regiment of Hessians, their dress and arms a wide contrast to the first. The slaves of Anspach and Waldeck were there, the first somber as night, the second gaudy as noonday. Here dashed by a party of the Seventeenth dragoons, and there scampered a party of Yagers. The trim, neat and graceful English Grenadier, the careless and half-savage Highlander, with his flowing robes and naked knees, and the stiff German, could hardly be taken as members of one army. Here might be seen soldiers driving in cattle, and others guarding wagons loaded with household furniture instead of the hay and oats they had been sent for.

“The landing of the grenadiers and light infantry from the ships which transported the troops from Rhode Island; their proud march into the hostile neighborhood, to gather the produce of the farmer for the garrison; the sound of the musketry, which soon rolled back upon us; the return of the disabled veterans who could retrace their steps; and the heavy march of the discomfited troops, with their wagons of groaning wounded, in the evening, are all impressed on my mind as pictures of the horrors and the soul-stirring events of war.

“These scenes and others more disgusting—the flogging of English men and thumping and caning of German—which even my tender years could not prevent me from seeing all around, and the increased disorder among my fathers’ negroes, from mingling with the servants of officers, these were my sources of instruction in the winter of 1776–1777.”

JAMES H. DEVLIN. Jr.,

Of Boston, Mass.

President of the Boston Charitable Irish Society, now in its 172d Year.

Among the distinguished men who have adorned the New Jersey bar few, in their day, were held in higher repute for eloquence and extensive legal knowledge, and especially for intellectual vigor and versatility of talent, than Thomas P. Johnson.

He was born about the year 1761. His parents were Friends. His father, William Johnson, a native of Ireland, emigrated to this country about 1747. He married Ruth Potts, of Trenton. Thomas was their second child. When he was quite small the family removed to Charleston, S. C., where the father established a flourishing boarding-school and gained much repute by his lectures on various branches of Natural Philosophy. His fondness for such studies seemed to have been inherited by the son, who even in his later years continued to turn his attention to them. The father died in the South, after a residence of some years there. The mother, with five children, returned to her native state, and with the aid of her brother opened a store in Trenton. There Thomas was placed an apprentice to a carpenter^[3] and joiner. After following this business some time he was compelled, by a rupture of a blood vessel in the lungs, to abandon it. He then engaged in teaching in Hunterdom County and afterwards in Bucks County, Pa.—later then in Philadelphia. For this profession he had rare qualifications. Few men had such powers of communication; few could so simplify truth, and throw an interest around it to captivate the youthful mind.

While in Philadelphia a mercantile house took him in partnership, and sent him to Richmond, Va., where the firm opened a large store. There he became well acquainted with Chief Justice Marshall, and often had the privilege of listening to the first lawyers in the Old Dominion. This probably led to his turning his thoughts to the bar. After a few years the loss of his store and goods by fire 206caused him to return to the scenes of his youthful days. He took up his residence at Princeton, there married a daughter of Robert Stockton, and entered his name as a student of law in the office of the Hon. Richard Stockton. In due time he was admitted to the bar as an attorney and counselor. His career was brilliant. Whether arguing points of law, or spreading a case before a jury, he was always heard with fixed attention and lively interest. So lucid was he in arranging and expressing his thoughts, so quick to seize hold of strong points in a case, and, when he pleased, so well able to touch the chords of feeling, that he rarely failed to produce an impression.

He was no indifferent student of the great political questions. With the majority of the New Jersey bar, he belonged to the Washington school, and exerted all his energies in what he honestly conceived to be his country’s real interests. For his brethren of the New Jersey bar he cherished a warm attachment, and they were forward in evincing their high esteem of his worth. A few years before his death a number of them obtained the services of an artist and had a full-length portrait of him executed. This now hangs over the judge’s chair in the court-room at Flemington. He died March 12, 1838.

History of Newton, Gloucester County, N. J.

Newton, Gloucester County, N. J., was early settled by the society of Friends. The following history was written by Thomas Sharp, the first conveyancer and surveyor of the county:

“Let it be remembered. It having wrought upon ye minds of some, Friends that dwelt in Ireland, a pressure having laid upon them for some years which they could not get from under the weight of until they gave upp to leave their friends and relations there, together with a comfortable subsistence to transport themselves and familys into this wilderness part of America, and there by expose themselves to difficulties, which, if they could have been easy where they were, in all probability might never have been met with; and in order thereunto, sent from Dublin in Ireland to one Thomas Lurtin a friend in London commander of a Pink, who accordingly came, and made an agreement with him to transport them and their familys into New Jersey, viz.; Mark Newby and family. Thomas Thackarg and family, William Bate and family, George Goldsmith 207an old man, and Thomas Sharp, a young man, but no familys; and whilst the ship abode in Dublin harbor providing for the voyage, said Thomas Lurtin was taken so ill that could not perform ye same, so that his mate, John Dagger, undertook it. And upon the 19 day of September, in the year of our Lord, 1681, we sett sail, from the place aforesaid, and through the good Providence of God towards us we arrived at Elsinburg, in the country of Salem, upon the 19 day of November following, where we were well entertained at the houses of the Thomsons, who came from Ireland about four years before, who, by their industry, were arrived to a very good degree of living, and from thence we went to Salem, where were several houses yet were vacant of persons who had left the town to settle in ye country, which serve to accommodate them for ye winter, proving moderate, we at Wickacog, among us, purchased a boat of the Swansons, and so went to Burlington to the commissioners, of whom we obtained a warrant of ye surveyor general, which then was Daniel Leeds; and after some considerable search to and fro in that then was called the third or Irish tenth, we at last pitched upon the place now called Newton, which was before the settlement of Phila; Pa; and then applied to S,d Surveyor, who came and laid it out for us; and the next Spring, being the beginning of the year 1682 we all removed from Salem together with Robert Lane, that had been settled there, who came along from Ireland with the Thomsons before hinted, and having expectation of our coming only bought a lot in Salemtown, upon the which he seated himself until our coming, whose proprietary right and ours being of the same nature, could not then take it up in Fenwicks tenth, and so began our settlement; and although we were at times pretty hard bestead, having all our provisions as far as Salem to fetch by water, yet, through the mercy and kindness of God, we were preserved in health and from any extreme difficulties.

“And immediately there was a meeting sett upp and kept at the house of Mark Newby, and in a short time it grew and increased, unto which William Cooper and family, that lived at the Poynte resorted, and sometimes the meeting was kept at his house, who had been settled sometime before. Zeal and fervency of spirit was what, in some degree, at that time abounded among friends, in commemoration of our prosperous success and eminent preservation, both in our coming over the great deep as also that whereas we were but 208few at that time, and the Indians many, where by it put a dread upon our spirits, considering they were a savage people; but ye Lord, that hath the hearts of all in his hands, which cannot be otherwise accounted but to be the Lord doings in our favor, which we had cause to praise his name for.

“And that the rising generation may consider that the Settlement of the country was directed by an impulse upon tranquility, but rather for the posterity yet should be after, and that the wilderness being planted with a good seed, might grow and increase to the satisfaction of the good husbandman. But instead thereof, if for wheat it should bring forth tares, they themselves will suffer loss.

“This narration I have thought good and requisite to leave behind, as having had knowledge of things from the beginning.”

Anecdote of Washington.

Thatcher, in his Military Journal, gives a vivid description of the sufferings of the troops during “the hard winter of 1779–1780,” at Morristown, N. J. He says:

“Morristown, January 1st, 1780. A new year commences, but brings no relief to the sufferings and privations of our army. Our canvass covering affords but a miserable security from storms of rain and snow, and a great scarcity of provisions still prevails, its effects being felt even at headquarters, as appears by the following anecdote: ‘We have nothing but the rations to cook, Sir,’ said Mrs. Thomson, a very worthy Irish woman, and housekeeper to General Washington. ‘Well, Mrs. Thomson, you must then cook the rations, for I have not a farthing to give you.’ ‘If you please, Sir, let one of the gentlemen give me an order for six bushels of salt.’ ‘Six bushels of salt for what?’ ‘To preserve the fresh beef, Sir.’ One of the aids gave the order and the next day his Excellency’s table was amply provided. Mrs. Thomson was sent for, and told that she had done very wrong to expend her own money, for it was not known when she could be repaid. ‘I owe you,’ said his Excellency, ‘too much already to permit the debt being increased, and our situation is not at this moment such as to induce sanguine hope.’ ‘Dear Sir,’ said the good old lady, ‘it is always darkest just before the daylight, and I hope your Excellency will forgive me for bartering the salt for other necessaries which are now on the table.’ Salt was eight dollars a bushel, and it might always be exchanged with the country people for articles of provision.”

HON. JAMES CUNNINGHAM.

Of Portland, Me.

Vice-President of the Society for Maine.

Baptist Church at Cohansey. As early as the year 1683 some Baptists from Tipperary, in Ireland, settled in the neighborhood of Cohansey. The most prominent persons were David Sheppard, Thomas Abbott, and William Button.

Emigrants flocked into Cohansey from Ireland and it is very probable that a Presbyterian Society was formed about the year 1700 or earlier. Rev. Robert Kelsey, who was from Ireland, used to preach for the Baptists.

THE FIRST CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES. SOME POINTED COMMENTS ON THE MANNER OF TAKING SAME AND THE RESULTS THEREOF. AN INTERESTING PAPER ON A SUBJECT NOT HERETOFORE TOUCHED BY THE SOCIETY.

By an Act of Congress, entitled “An act providing for the enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States,” and which was signed by President Washington on March 1, 1790, the marshals of the judicial districts throughout the United States were “authorized and required to cause the number of the inhabitants within their respective districts to be taken, omitting in such enumeration Indians not taxed, and distinguishing free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, from all others.” These returns they were instructed to file with the clerks of their respective District Courts, who were directed to carefully preserve them.

This was the First Census taken of the inhabitants of the United 210States, but it was far from complete, for the reason that “heads of families” only were recorded.

Eighteen months were allowed in which to complete the enumeration. The census-taking was supervised by the marshals of the several judicial districts, who employed assistant marshals to act as enumerators.

When the schedules were all gathered in, they were turned over to the President, who, on October 27, 1791, transmitted to Congress a summary of the result, which was published in what is now a very rare little volume that has not been reprinted for public use. The original schedules are contained in 26 bound volumes and are still preserved in the Census Office. They form a curious and most interesting collection, written as they were by the assistant marshals, “on such paper as they happened to have, and binding the sheets together. In some cases printed blanks furnished by the States were used, in others merchants’ account paper, and now and then the schedules were bound in wall paper.”

A complete set of schedules for each State, with a summary for the Counties, and in many cases for towns, was filed in the State Department, but, unfortunately, they are not now complete, “the returns for the States of Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey, Tennessee and Virginia having been destroyed when the British burned the Capitol at Washington during the War of 1812.”

In 1907, Congress authorized the Director of the Census to publish, in a permanent form, the First Census of the United States. “These schedules,” says the Director of the Census, “form a unique inheritance for the nation, since they represent for each of the States a complete list of the heads of families in the United States at the time of the adoption of the Constitution. The framers were the statesmen and leaders of thought, but those whose names appear upon the schedules of the First Census were in general the plain citizens, who, by their conduct in war and peace, made the Constitution possible, and by their intelligence and self-restraint put it into successful operation.”

The First Census has a peculiar interest for Americans of Irish blood or descent, for here we find irrefutable evidence of the racial origin of a large part of the people of the United States a few years after the close of the Revolutionary war. There is, of course, no standard, or fixed rule or principle, by which an absolutely correct 211judgment on the question of the racial composition of the early inhabitants of the United States can now be formed. The available statistics on the subject are incomplete and confusing.

But, if names are to be accepted as a criterion, those who examine the Census Returns, in conjunction with the records of land grants, the parochial registers, the Colonial Records that have been collected and edited by the secretaries of state, the court and church records, the Revolutionary rosters, the old newspapers, the Registers of Historical Associations, and other similarly reliable records, must at once conclude that a goodly percentage of the people were of old Irish stock.

It must be borne in mind also that the Census enumerators made no returns of unmarried persons. This fact is important, when we place beside it the statements of reliable historians that the Irish exodus of the 18th century largely comprised the youth of the country. From the records which we have already quoted, we know that thousands of the Irish youth became indentured servants after their arrival in the Colonies, and it is not likely that these people, even though married while still in servitude, were considered of sufficient importance by the census enumerators to be included in the lists of the “heads of families.”

One who examines these records for traces of the Irish settlers will be surprised to find a most inviting field of retrospect and research ever widening before him. We do not need to wander into the field of romance, as some writers occasionally do, in search of proof that at the beginnings of the Nation the Celtic element figured to a larger extent than it has been credited with at the hands of our historians.

There is so much of dry fact concerning them in these hitherto obscure records as to make it a perplexing thought for the investigator where to begin upon an exposition of the part played by the Irish Colonists and their descendants in shaping the destinies of the future Republic. Theirs is generally a prosaic story of trials bravely borne, of victories snatched from rude nature in the face of many difficulties. The pioneer settlers lived a simple but rude life on the frontiers of civilization, free from the artificialities of our latter-day mode of living, but they made the wilderness which they found to blossom as the rose and to become a fair habitation for the generations that have succeeded them.

212Their story would hardly be worth relating were it not for the fact that it affords the proof that men and women of our race and blood were of the “warp and woof” from which has been evolved the new and composite race, miscalled “Anglo-Saxon,” which has made this Western Hemisphere the leader among the nations of the civilized world.

It is in the Census of the Southern States that Irish names appear in the greatest numbers. During the first half of the 18th century there were large immigrations of Irish people to the Carolinas, who spread themselves over an immense area, reaching from the Santee river to the eastern boundary line of Georgia, and as far north as the dividing line of North Carolina. Doubtless, the majority of those on the Census Returns bearing Irish names were descendants of those early settlers, rather than natives of Ireland.

The historian Lossing says: “Between the years 1730 and 1740 an Irish settlement was planted near the Santee river in South Carolina, to which was given the name of Williamsburg Township. Up the Pedee, Santee, Edisto, Savannah and Black rivers settlements spread rapidly, and soon the axe and the plough were plying with mighty energy, and from the North of Ireland such numbers departed for Carolina that the depopulation of whole districts was threatened.”

Williamsburg he calls a “hotbed of rebellion” during the Revolutionary war. As soon as General Francis Marion received his commission from Governor Rutledge, we are told, “he sped to the district of Williamsburg between the Santee and Pedee to lead its rising patriots to the field of active military duties.” (The rosters of General Marion’s brigade contain a large number of Irish names.)

Ramsay also refers to these Irish settlements and deals with them at length in his History of South Carolina. He says that the district was named Williamsburg by an Irishman named James, who came to the Colony with his father in 1733. It is now called Kingstree, and the county in which it is situated is still named Williamsburg.

Sims’ Life of General Marion says: “the people of Williamsburg were sprung generally from Irish parentage. They inherited in common with all the descendants of the Irish in America a hearty detestation of the English name and authority. This feeling rendered 213them excellent patriots and daring soldiers wherever the British lion was the object of hostility.”

Other local historians of the South also refer to the Irish settlements in this territory, which continued with but intermittent intervals down to the closing years of the 18th century. When we turn to the Census schedules we find that the statements of the historians are amply corroborated.

In the Williamsburg district, that “hotbed of rebellion,” we find mention of such Irish families as Burke, Barrett, Biggen, Butler, Barron, Bryan, Broaderick, Boland, Brady, Bradley, Cain, Cummins, Connor, Cunningham, Collins, Conway, Callihan, Cronan, Cantey, Corbett, Connell, Castlelaw, Creed, Conally, Cochran, Dunn, Dempsey, Dawson, Dollard, Downing, Donoho, Donnally, Delaney, Dillin, Dailey, Dulon, Dogharty, Earley, Flin, Foley, Fitzpatrick, Faning, Gorman, Galaspy, Gibbons, Gallivant, Ganey, Gowen, Gavin, Gallaher, Gill, Garven, Hagan, Hart, Harrington, Hayes, Hainey, Joice, Jordan, Kennedy, Keenan, Kelly, Kelty, Keen, Keefe, Kerns, Kailey, Lynch, Leysath, Murphy, McCalvey, McCartney, McGill, McFarlin, Manning, McCormic, McKenny, McDowell, McKee, McGinney, McCauley, McBride, McMullan, Mulhollen, Mitchel, McConnell, McClare, McIlveen, McGee, McFadden, Moore, McCottery, McElroy, McMelly, McCleary, McDaniel, McDonald, McCarthy, McCall, McSwain, McWilliams, Morrison, McGraw, McCausland, McCune, McElhaney, McFail, McClendon, McGrath, McElduff, McAdams, McCoy, McCary, McCain, Mahon, O’Brian, O’Neil, O’Cain, O’Bannon, Phelon, Powers, Quinn, Rogers, Roach, Riley, Reidy, Rial, Ryan, Sullivan, Shealds, Swiney, Steele, Shannon, Timmons, Toole, Ward and Walsh.

These are not all. Of the Murphys alone there were in the Williamsburg district eleven families, nine Kellys and several distinct families named O’Brian, O’Neil, O’Bannon and McCarty.

We have selected only one of each name, in order to show that the Irish settlements spoken of by Lossing, Sims and Ramsay were drawn from the South, East and West, as well as from the North of Ireland. American historians are in the habit of saying that the immigrants from Ireland were mainly the so-called “Scotch-Irish” element from the northern counties. While it is true there were large settlements of Scotch Gaels in the Carolinas, it is seen from 214the foregoing list that nearly every county of Celtic Ireland was represented in the “hotbed of rebellion” of South Carolina.

We see from the Census Returns that the collectors wrote down the names phonetically in most cases, having paid little or no attention to spelling, or the use of capital letters where they were needed. Some peculiar transformations in names resulted from the carelessness or ignorance of the enumerators. For instance, we find O’Neill spelled “onailes” and “Ownaile”; O’Brien spelled “Obrient” and “Obriant”; O’Farrell as “Opherl,” and Casey as “Caycey”; Donovan is down as “Dunnevant” and “Dunnaphant”; Doherty as “Dehoitey” and “Dohoty”; Nolan as “noling”; Sullivan as “Sellivent,” “Swillevaun” and “Sewlovan”; Murphy as “Murff,” “Murph,” “Murpry” and “Murfree”; Gallagher as “Gollerhorn”; Flynn as “Phlyn” and “Fling”; Kinsella as “Kincheloe”; McLaughlin as “Maklafflin”; O’Hara as “Oharroe”; and O’Ryan as “Orion.”

To the prefix “Mac” the enumerators, in many cases, gave the sound of “Mag.” Thus we have such name transformations as “Magnamee” and “Magmanous.” We also find “Makmain” for McMahon and “Muckleroy” for McElroy, and so on. Fitzgeralds are down as “Fitzjarrel” and “Jarrel”; Fitzpatrick as “Fitchparterack” and “Pitch Patrick”; Reilly as “Royley” and “Royalley”; Cassidy as “Casaty.” In some Southern city directories we have come across the name of “Pitch,” and we wonder if some of these are not descendants of the “Pitch Patricks” or Fitzpatricks!

It would be difficult to think of an old Irish name that is not represented in the First Census, and which was not, at some time or other, translated into something very different in appearance, and sometimes only partially retaining the sound of the original name. In the mutations of time, even these new names became still further changed, so that many of the present-day descendants of the Irish pioneers of the Carolinas cannot be recognized as at all of the old Gaelic race.

The most numerous Irish name on the First Census of South Carolina is Murphy, there having been 50 distinct families of that name, although the 48 Kelly families gave them a close race. The Gill and McGill families run nip and tuck with the O’Neills and the Nealls. There were 34 of the former to 33 of the latter. The O’Briens and O’Bryans ran the gauntlet of many changes. The Census enumerators failed to appreciate the significance of the regal prefix “O,” so they wrote down the name Obrient, Obriant, Bryan and Briant. There were 53 of these in South Carolina in 1790.

HON. ALEXANDER C. EUSTACE.

Elmira, N. Y.

Ex-President New York Civil Service Commission.

A worthy Member from New York State.

215The Celtic “Macs” make a great showing. There are upwards of one thousand of such families in all, the “Macs” that are indigenous to Ireland being more numerous than those that are supposed to be exclusively native to Scotland. When we consider that, in 1790, the total number of free white males of 16 years and upwards in South Carolina was only 35,756, we can readily understand that one thousand heads of families, with their wives and children, must have constituted a large percentage of the total population. An examination of the Census Returns indicates that the average number of children to each of the Irish-named families was five, so that, on a conservative estimate, the “Macs” alone must have contributed nearly 20 per cent to the population of South Carolina!

We find 40 Ward families, 26 McClure families, 26 McDaniels, 23 McKees, 22 McCoys, 20 McDowells, 19 Cauleys and McCauleys, 19 Mahons and McMahons, 18 McCalls, 17 McBrides, 17 McConnells, 16 McCarts and McCartys, 12 McNeills, 11 McFaddens, and 10 McMullan families. There are also numbers of McCormacks, McGees, McGowens, McGraws, McGuires, McCrackens, McCanns, McCartneys, McCarys, McClearys, McClendons, McCollums, McElroys, McKennys, McKelveys, McLaughlins, McManus, and many other similar Irish family names.

There are 41 distinct families of Bradleys recorded, 29 Harts, 24 Sullivans, 28 Reynolds, 22 Canes and Kains, 22 Hayeses, 22 Hendricks, 21 Dunns, 23 Connors and O’Connors, 21 Carrolls, 20 Logans, 20 Reillys and Royleys, 17 Dawsons, 14 Gilmores, 16 Manions and Mannings, 12 Hagans, 13 Walshes and Welches, 13 Higginses, and 11 Lynch and Linch families.

Among names that are common to Ireland and England, there are 113 families named Moore in the First Census of South Carolina, 80 Rogers and Rodgers, 24 Morrows, 46 Collinses, 42 Butlers and 41 Fords. There are 43 heads of families named Mitchell, 41 Montgomery, 26 McDonald, 26 Cunningham, 18 Gillespie, 17 Cochran and 22 Kennedy families, some of whom, no doubt, were Scotch.

Such names as Brady, Burke, Casey, Connelly, Corbett, Cassidy, Callahan, Cleary, Cummings, Curry, Daly, Doherty, Donnelly, Dempsey, Dowling, Duggan, Doyle, Donovan, Ennis, Fitzgerald, 216Fogarty, Fitzpatrick, Flinn, Garrett, Garvin, Gorman, Hogan, Jordan, Kearns, Lyons, Malone, Mulligan, Madden, Morrison, Nolan, O’Bannon, Quinn, Regan, Roach, Ryan, Rutledge, Shannon and Shiels, as well as others of ancient Irish origin, occur quite frequently in the Census Returns, and in all parts of the state. Indeed, we might say, with startling frequency, if they are examined by that set of persons who are so fond of telling us that the American people are of Anglo-Saxon origin!

Besides the old Irish clan names, it is seen that a very large number of the early inhabitants of South Carolina bore names that have been common in Ireland for centuries, although not all of Irish origin. There are many Browns, Grays, Greens, Whites, Griffins, Grimeses, Rices, Savages, Steeles, Glovers, Raineys, Rays, Flemings, Staffords, Shaws, Gastons, Parnells, Mileses, Reeds, Fergusons, Coxs, Courtneys, Clarks, Carrs, Kerrs, Allens, Pattersons, Berrys, Hails, Henrys, Morrises, Martins, Lowrys, Hollands, Morrows, Jacksons, Laceys, Masseys and Leonards.

That some of these people were Irish seems beyond doubt, particularly when we find such distinctive Irish Christian names as Darby, Malachi, Patrick, Brian, Cormac, Connor and the like. And when we see O’Bryan Smiths, Patrick Smiths, and Michael and Jeremiah Smiths, and other similar name combinations, we can safely assume that in the majority of cases they were of Irish origin or birth.

Since many prominent Irish Americans played an important part in the success of the project for a fitting memorial to the heroes of the British prison-ships of the Revolution, it is fit that reference be made here to this noble tribute and the manner of its accomplishment.

The magnificent monument, costing in the neighborhood of $200,000, was dedicated at Fort Greene Park, Borough of Brooklyn, New York, on November 14, 1908, in the presence of one of the most distinguished and representative gatherings which ever honored a like occasion in this country. Addresses were made by President-elect Taft, by Governor Hughes of New York, Secretary Luke E. Wright of the Navy, and by other distinguished men, including Patrick F. McGowan, Chairman of the Board of Aldermen of the City of New York, and Daniel F. Cohalan, Grand Sachem of the Tammany Society of New York, an organization which did much toward the success of the project and which contributed a substantial amount.

The monument itself is one of the finest memorials in the world. It stands in the center of a broad plaza, reached by three flights of 34 steps each, 100 feet in width. The height from the bottom of the plaza to the top of the monument is nearly 200 feet. The top is accessible and is reached by an electric elevator. The monument is constructed of white granite from New York state, and the steps from granite quarried at Stonington, Penobscot Bay, Maine. The architects were McKim, Mead and White, and the work is said to have been the last of an extensive nature by the late Stanford White.

The funds for the erection of this noteworthy tribute were obtained through a government appropriation of half the amount, a state appropriation of $25,000, an appropriation by the city of twice that amount, and the rest through subscriptions from societies and historical and patriotic organizations. The Tammany Society contributed the final $1,000 to complete the required amount. This well-known organization was the very first to secure a proper recognition of the courage and patriotism of the prison ship martyrs more than one hundred years ago.

218Among the heroes of the British prison-ships were many of Irish birth or extraction, and it is therefore a subject for pride and satisfaction to us as a race that their valor has at last been recognized, and especially that an organization largely controlled by our people has played so important a part in the accomplishment of such recognition. Never in the history of the world have prisoners of war been made the victims of such unexampled cruelties as those practised on the Americans by the British in the Revolution, and it is a striking and never-to-be-forgotten commentary on British methods toward their enemies in war that the record of the prison-ships of the Revolution is deemed by all the world a black mark on English history.

THE IRISH IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.

Short Address Delivered by Master Karl Egan, at the Iowa Opera House, Emmetsburg, Iowa, March 17, 1909, During the Presentation of the Irish Drama, “The Hero of Wicklow,” under the Auspices of the Ancient Order of Hibernians. Some Facts of Interest to the People of Irish Birth or Ancestry.

Ladies and Gentlemen: On this important anniversary, which is associated with so many achievements of interest to the people of our race, it is fitting to enquire what part the Irish took in the Revolutionary War. What did they do for the cause of human liberty at this most critical time in the world’s history? All we ask is the truth. For some reason our ordinary school histories have never given us any credit for the prominent part our ancestors took in that great struggle. What I shall say will bear the closest historical investigation.

It was Patrick Henry, who, by his soul-stirring speech, aroused the members of the Virginia Assembly to a sense of patriotic duty. In 1776 he ran for governor on the Independence ticket and carried that important colony for the Revolutionary cause. Still, he claimed that John Rutledge of South Carolina was the greatest American orator of his time. The latter was also elected president of South Carolina in 1776, on the same ticket. John Rutledge and Patrick Henry were both sons of Irishmen.

MR. WILLIAM J. FEELEY.

Of Providence, R. I.

One of the Committee in charge of the Sullivan Memorial and under whose guidance the Memorial was designed and executed.

219During the Revolutionary War men of Irish birth or ancestry served as governors in South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts and New Hampshire. They were among the most ardent and fearless of the patriots of that history-making period.

It was in John Duggan’s tavern in Boston that the Boston Tea Party was planned. Several Irishmen were in the execution of the plan.

Eleven of the fifty-four members of the first Continental Congress were Irishmen and sons of Irishmen. Thomas Johnson, who nominated George Washington for commander-in-chief of the American forces, was a Celt of the old school.

The war began April, 1775, but it was not officially declared until July 4, 1776. October 15, 1775, Congress sent a committee to interview General Washington and to decide as to the advisability of continuing the struggle. Of the five who participated in that most important conference, Joseph Reed and Thomas Lynch were Irish. The other members were Benjamin Franklin, Colonel Harrison and General Washington.

A rough draft of the Declaration of Independence was prepared by Thomas Jefferson. It was re-written and carefully revised by Charles Thompson, who was styled the Samuel Adams of Philadelphia, and the life of the cause of liberty. When the Declaration was first proclaimed, it was signed by John Hancock, as president of the Continental Congress, and by Charles Thompson, as secretary. The other names were attached later. Thompson was an Irishman and Hancock an Irish American. John Nixon first publicly read it and Thos. Dunlap first printed it and published it to the world. Both were Celtic to the backbone. Who periled most in signing the immortal document? History answers, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, another Irish American.

Who fought the hardest in the British House of Parliament for the rights of American colonists? Edmond Bourk, an Irishman, and one of the greatest statesmen the world has ever known.

In placing his most important officers, General Washington had Morgan and Hand leading his rifles, Knox at the head of his artillery, 220John Dunlap as his life guard, Edward Hand as his adjutant-general, Andrew Lewis as his brigadier-general, Stephen Moylan and John Fitzgerald as his aids, and Ephraim Blaine as his quartermaster. All were Irish by birth or ancestry. When Washington was retreating through New Jersey, he sent word to Thomas Johnson, a Maryland Celt, that he had not enough men to fight the British and too few to run away with. Johnson raised a force of 1,800 men and hurried to his assistance.

All students of American history have read of the gallant Richard Montgomery, Mad Anthony Wayne, John Sullivan, Daniel Morgan, Stephen Moylan, John Fitzgerald, Henry Knox, Wm. Irvine, Richard Butler, and Generals Cochran, Campbell, McDowell, McCall, McClary, Jasper, Graham, Hazelett, Colonel Pickens, and many others who were among the most valiant and successful officers in that eventful conflict. All belonged to our liberty-loving, heroic race. It has been officially ascertained that out of 131 of the most prominent officers in the war for American Independence, 20 were of English ancestry, 25 of French, 10 of German and Dutch, 8 of Scotch, 2 of Polish, and 84 of Irish and Welch. Commodores Barry, Perry, McDonough and Stewart, of the wars of 1776 and 1812, were scions of brave-hearted exiles from the Emerald Isle.

June 16, 1779, Joseph Galloway, speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, who had to fly to England because of his sympathy with the Tories, was examined as a witness by a committee of the British House of Parliament, and he testified that the Irish constituted one-half of the American army, the native Americans one-fourth and that the other one-fourth were English and Scotch. This statement is corroborated by Lecky, the English historian, Lord Mountjoy, General Lee, Count Rochambeau, Col. J. C. Custis, the adopted son of General Washington, and Rev. P. Allison, the Presbyterian chaplain of Washington’s army. They are competent authorities. President Roosevelt and James G. Blaine, in public addresses, have acknowledged, in substance, the accuracy of this testimony. Hutchinson, the last royal governor of Massachusetts, declared that his colony would never have voted for independence, had it not been for the rebellious Irish.

There were 15 Irish in the battle of Lexington and 258 at Bunker Hill. The monument at Bunker Hill is covered with Irish names. Captain Parker, who commanded at Lexington, and who was killed, 221was Irish. Colonels Barrett, Smith and Davis, who commanded at Concord, were also Irish. When the American forces took possession of Boston, John Sullivan was officer of the day and the countersign was “St. Patrick.”

After the treason of Benedict Arnold, General Washington ordered that none but the Irish be placed on guard at West Point.

When the soldiers of Lafayette were half naked and starving, the Irish people of Baltimore, then a place of only one hundred homes, gave them food and clothing. In 1780, when the finances of the struggling republic were at the lowest ebb, when it took from $30 to $50 in paper to make $1 in specie, after our soldiers had suffered at Valley Forge and elsewhere, the business men of Philadelphia raised 315,000 lbs. sterling and gave it to Congress. Twenty-seven Irishmen of that city contributed 103,500 pounds of that amount. They were members of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, which gave 399 officers of the highest rank to the city, state and nation during its early history. Washington became an honorary member of that patriotic organization.

When our country so badly needed assistance, Bishop Carroll accompanied Benjamin Franklin to France to seek the aid of that country. It was secured. History gives Franklin the credit, but does not mention the name of Bishop Carroll, who really made the mission a successful one. Bishop Carroll also accompanied Franklin to the French Canadian provinces for a similar purpose.

There were twelve Irish delegates to the convention that adopted the Constitution, and there were five Irishmen in the first United States Senate of twenty-two members.

Dr. Hugh Knox educated Alexander Hamilton, who was a poor boy. Doctor Knox was a big-hearted Irishman. It was Matthew P. Lyon, an Irishman, who was sold as a slave in Connecticut when a mere boy, who, on the thirty-sixth ballot, as a congressman from Vermont, later in life, cast the deciding vote that elected Thomas Jefferson president of the United States over Aaron Burr.

Many who came with the French to assist the Americans were sons of Irishmen, who had been driven to France with Patrick Sarsfield after the treachery of the British at Limerick in 1691.

From 1691 to 1791, over 400,000 different Irishmen served in the French army. When the Revolutionary War broke out, they petitioned the French War Department to come to America to fight their 222national foes. There were entire Irish regiments in the French army when Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown. A young Irishman, Robert Wilson, was appointed to take charge of the surrendered flags and the news of the great victory was sent in haste to President Thomas McKean, of the Continental Congress at Philadelphia. McKean was one of the foremost Irish Americans of his time.

Molly Pitcher and Nancy Hart, two Irish women who participated in the Revolutionary War, deserve rank with the greatest heroines in history.

The Irish were among the leading educators, journalists, theologians, historians, scientists, canal constructors, and railway builders of the decades subsequent to the Revolutionary War. They were leaders in laying substantially the broad foundation for our material, educational and moral greatness. They gave us such statesmen as James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, John C. Calhoun, James K. Polk, and many others, who were among the very ablest national leaders in the early history of our republic.

I shall not refer to the part the Irish took in the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the great Civil conflict, or the Spanish-American struggle for supremacy. All I ask is for you to reflect on their great fight for liberty from 1775 to 1783—that struggle that has been felt around the world—and to tell the facts to your children, to your friends, and to your fellow citizens, for they will not, for some unknown reason, find it in ordinary histories. I can do no better than to quote, in closing, the words of Colonel John Parke Custis, the adopted son of General Washington:

“Then honored be the old and good services of the sons of Erin in the war of independence. Let the shamrock be entwined with the laurels of the Revolution; and truth and justice, guiding the pen of history, inscribe on the tablets of American remembrance: ‘Eternal gratitude to Irishmen.’”

HON. THOMAS HASSETT.

New York.

Elected a Life Member in 1908.

Hon. Eli Thayer was born in the town of Mendon, in the state of Massachusetts, June 11, 1819, and deceased at Worcester, in that state, April 15, 1899, aged eighty years.

He was elected a member of the American Irish Historical Society in 1897, shortly after its first meeting, and was an active and interested member at the time of his death.

Mr. Thayer was a descendant in the seventh generation from Thomas Thayer and seventh in descent from John Alden of Mayflower fame, through Ruth, daughter of Rev. Noah Alden of Bellingham, Mass., who married his grandfather, Benjamin Thayer. John Alden was an Irishman and Thomas Thayer was Irish on the side of one of his parents.

He was the eldest of eight children. He received his early education in the district schools of Mendon, and at the Bellingham High School. Later he attended the academy at Amherst and the manual training school at Worcester, afterwards the Worcester Academy. He always ranked high in his scholarship, and in 1835–’36 taught school in Douglass, and for the four succeeding years assisted his father in a country store at Millville. In May, 1840, he re-entered the manual labor school, in order to fit for Brown University. Two years later he taught school at Hopkinton, Rhode Island, and while there was elected a member of the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity, an honor seldom conferred before the senior year.

In September, 1844, the superintendent of schools in Providence, Nathan Bishop, induced him to take charge of the boys’ high school for the remainder of the year for $600, a large salary for that period. This school had proven for some time unmanageable in the hands of several masters, but he reduced it to order and subjection. By accepting this position, he lost a year at Brown University, but was 224able to graduate in 1845, the second in his class. After his graduation, he immediately came to Worcester and became a teacher at the Academy, and was later its principal.

In 1845 he purchased of John Jaques four acres and ninety rods of land in Worcester, on what was then called Goat Hill. In 1848 he began the erection of the building called the Oread, which was completed in 1852. It is built of the stone underlying the hill. At first only the north tower was completed, and it was in this portion of the building that he established the famous school for young women, which he conducted with great success until he entered upon his later political work.

At the time that the school was opened, it was the only institute in the country that promised a full college course for women. It was the forerunner of Vassar, Smith and Wellesley. The name Oread means “the abode of the mountain nymphs.” The south tower was completed in 1850, and the connecting portion of the building a year or two later.

The towers are 40 feet in diameter and four stories high, while the entire length of the building is 250 feet. It was constructed after designs entirely Mr. Thayer’s own, without the aid of an architect, and the beauty of the building and the charming location have been remarked by strangers from all over the country.

He entered political life in 1852, when he was elected a member of the school board. Later he was a member of the board of aldermen and served during the years of 1853–’54 in the state legislature. It was during his first year in the state House of Representatives that he became conspicuous by the introduction of a bill to incorporate the Bank of Mutual Redemption, which was hailed with delight by bankers and monied men throughout the state, as it seemed to afford a means of release from the autocratic rule of the Suffolk Bank of Boston.

This bill was passed in the course of years and the Bank of Mutual Redemption loaned the money to the government when Andrew was governor during the Civil War.

It was not, however, until 1854 that Mr. Thayer accomplished the great act of his life, the one which enrolls his name among the benefactors of mankind, in originating the plan which saved Kansas and other territories to the Union and perhaps settled the destiny of the nation, for if the southern leaders had secured the territories, it 225would have given them the balance of power for many years to come and there would have been no rebellion. The North would have acquiesced, as it always had, in the decision of the congressional majority. In his original idea of making Kansas free, he actually settled the destinies of the country.

It was at a meeting to protest against the repeal of the Missouri compromise, held in the old city hall on the evening of March 11, 1854, that Mr. Thayer announced his celebrated “plan of freedom.” In effect it was simply to take possession by lawful means of the new territories through organized immigration of free-state men sustained by a base of supplies.

Mr. Thayer defined this plan as “business anti-slavery,” distinguished from sentimental and political anti-slavery, both of which had been tried for many years and found to be faulty, slavery in the meantime constantly growing stronger. He clearly saw that whichever side gained the majority of the settlers would control the situations of the new section, in spite of all efforts to establish others among them, and to the purpose of securing this majority for freedom he devoted all his energies and all of his means until that end was accomplished.

As the first means toward fortifying himself for this undertaking he immediately secured the passage of an act to incorporate the Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company and before the vote to repeal the Missouri compromise was taken, hired a hall in Boston and began to speak afternoon and evening in behalf of his undertaking.

The intense excitement and strong opposition which followed the first announcement of the purpose to repeal the compromise in a great measure subsided after that act was accomplished, and he found extreme difficulty in the succeeding months in persuading a sufficient number of men to join in his enterprise to form the first colony.

The Know-Nothing frenzy absorbed the public mind so fully that other considerations were almost entirely excluded, and the Free Soil vote of 1854 dwindled to a few thousands, the Republican candidate for governor himself deserting his party and voting with the native Americans. The Know-Nothing organization had controlled the state for three years, and the frenzy had seized the public mind to such an extent that no man who aspired to public office had a chance of election unless he was affiliated with that party.

226Every member of Congress belonged to it, and it has been commonly said that Henry Wilson and other prominent office-holders of that time were elected upon that platform. The national Know-Nothing party did not agitate the slavery question, but maintained that Congress ought not to legislate on the question of slavery, which was regulated by the statutes of the various states.

In 1856 the Republicans of the Massachusetts congressional district in which Worcester is situated came to the front, but, feeling that they stood no show of winning at the pending elections, made alliances with the Know-Nothing party, whereby the offices were to be divided, and Col. Alexander Dewitt made an agreement with Henry Chapin that he would not run against him. At the last moment, however, Governor Gardiner sent word that he must make the run against Chapin. It was at this crisis that Charles White, a party manager, nominated Eli Thayer for Congress, and took a carriage and went to the Oread to notify him of his nomination.

Mr. Thayer was warmly greeted in the convention and, although it was but five days before the election, he announced his determination to stump the district and called for means of transportation to the various towns and villages. During the five days he made on an average four speeches a day. At the close of the campaign Dr. Joseph Sargent said to Mr. Thayer that no man could do what he had done and live, but he replied that he was prepared to undertake the same ordeal again in the same cause.

During this campaign he would speak at Clinton in the morning, at Leominster at noon, at Ashburnham in the afternoon and at Fitchburg in the evening, and it was in this way that he covered the entire Worcester district in the short space of five days. The result of this bitter contest was most gratifying to Mr. Thayer, who won by a vote of nearly two to one. The election was in November, 1856, but Mr. Thayer did not take his seat until the December of the following year.

At this time a new matter was interesting the southern members—the retention of the state of Kansas in the Democratic column. The notable southern propagandists, of which Quitman of Mississippi was the representative, had, in order to amend the neutrality laws, put on foot a scheme for the unification of Mexico, Cuba and Central America and the formation of an immense slave empire. This was regarded by the northern representatives with a great deal of apprehension, but much to the surprise of everyone Mr. Thayer came out in favor of it.

MR. WILLIAM J. FARRELL.

Of New York.

A New Life Member of the Society.

227He said to the southern leaders that he intended to colonize this new empire with New England Yankees. His speeches on Central American colonization, on the “Suicide of Slavery,” and on the “Admission of Oregon” brought him great fame. Against the caucus decision of his own party he secured the admission of Oregon into the Union, and in this act, though in opposition to partisan dictation, he was sustained by leading Republican organs throughout the country, although he received some censure in his own district.

Soon after these speeches his political enemies in the district began to organize against him, but his popularity was not to be overcome and he was returned with a flattering endorsement. During his second term in Congress he was instrumental in the admission of Oregon as a state to statehood. The Republicans were of the opinion that the admission of Oregon into the Union would mean heavier Democratic representation. Mr. Thayer, however, argued that the best way to make Oregon a Republican state would be to admit it into the Union. Succeeding events proved that his view of the matter was correct, but at the time the Republicans in the House opposed the admission.

Mr. Thayer, during the discussion of the bill, went to Alexander H. Stephens, then chairman of the Committee on Territories of the House, and told him that he should work for the passage of the bill and it was to his everlasting credit that Oregon was admitted to the Union by a majority of eleven votes, of which fourteen had been won over by the untiring efforts of Mr. Thayer.

He was assailed at home for his stand in this matter, as his constituents considered that he had voted for a measure which provided for the admission of a state whose constitution excluded the negro from all political rights. As a direct result of his stand in this matter, the district failed to send him as a delegate to the national convention in 1860, which placed in nomination Abraham Lincoln for the presidency.

Together with Horace Greeley, however, he was a member of the convention, representing Oregon, the state for whose admission he had so earnestly worked, and whose people appreciated his services in its behalf. He worked with Greeley for the nomination of Lincoln in a convention which was replete with startling incidents, not 228the least of which was the motion of Joshua R. Giddings, aiming at the admission of a clause in the platform providing that all men are free and equal.

On account of this outspoken stand in several important measures, it was apparent to Mr. Thayer that he would fail of a renomination, and in the spring of 1860 he announced himself as an independent Republican candidate. As the campaign developed, a candidate in opposition to Mr. Thayer was found in the person of Goldsmith F. Bailey of Fitchburg, but no speaker in the state could be found who was willing to meet the arguments on important questions advanced by Mr. Thayer. Such men as Henry Wilson and Charles Sumner refused to meet him on the stump in joint debate, and he was obliged to fight it out alone. The result was that he was defeated by a very small majority. So great was his popularity throughout the country during his second term that he was prominently spoken of as a possible senator from Massachusetts.

Bailey, who defeated him for Congress, was in advanced stages of consumption when he was nominated and was unable to take the stump against Mr. Thayer. The voters of Worcester at last became so vigorous in their demands to see the candidate that to quiet them a meeting was arranged at which he was to be presented to them from the platform. When Bailey arrived in the city he was such a haggard and ghastly spectacle that it was feared by the party managers that if seen by the voters as he was, it would make votes for Thayer.

It is maintained by those who seem to know that Bailey was taken into George R. Spear’s drug store before the meeting. There his face was painted and touched up with cosmetics until he looked like a thing of life instead of a specter. He sat in Congress but one day, and then returned to his home and died.

In 1856 Mr. Thayer originated a southern colonization scheme, which had for its object the settling of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and the border states and driving the slaves toward the Gulf. He enlisted the services of James Gordon Bennett of the New York Herald, and William Cullen Bryant of the New York Evening Post in his project. He went South at the head of the colonists and founded the town of Ceredo in Virginia, now a sizable place.

At the time he was charged by the Southerners with coming down 229into the South to interfere with slavery, but he and his colonists disclaimed any such purpose, saying that he neither intended to interfere nor have any part in the slavery movement. He said further that he could support the negro power and a steam engine for $10 a year, while it was costing the southern slaveholders $150 a year, and that at the time he came into Virginia land was worth but 50 cents to $1.50 an acre, but that his free settlement had made it worth $50 an acre.

A man named Jenkins, afterwards a rebel officer, appealed to Gov. Henry A. Wise to exterminate this colony of abolitionists, but the governor said that they came into the state in a peaceful way and that anything which tended to increase the wealth should be protected. Considerable progress with the colonization scheme was made in other states, especially in North Carolina, but the John Brown raid and the opening of the rebellion brought the enterprise to an end. After the war Charles B. Hoard, a member of Congress with Mr. Thayer, came into possession of the property at Ceredo. The project caused Mr. Thayer a loss of $118,000.

Mr. Thayer was appointed a special and confidential agent of the treasury department and served as such in 1861–’62. In 1862 he proposed to Secretary Stanton a plan for the military colonization of Florida, which was approved by President Lincoln, all of the members of the president’s cabinet excepting Seward, and by nearly every Republican member of Congress, as well as by Generals Hunter, Hooker and Garfield. According to the plan, Mr. Thayer was to go as military governor and General Garfield as commander of the forces.

This plan was under consideration for several months by the president’s cabinet and was sustained by great meetings in New York City and Brooklyn by such speakers as William Cullen Bryant and Cassius M. Clay and others of equal note. Capitalists came forward with offers of steamships, and other means and regiments were offered from several of the states, but, like other notable plans which were never carried out, this plan was prevented from being put into operation by exigencies of the times.

He remained with the Republican party until the impeachment of President Johnson. He was a Democratic candidate for Congress in this district in 1874, and also later, in the first instance 230nearly defeating Senator George F. Hoar, reducing the Republican majority from 7,000 to 300.

He was interested in the solution of the polygamy question in Utah, and, in connection with such men as Amos A. Lawrence, Edward Everett Hale and other members of the old Emigrant Aid Society, was concerned with plans for the elimination of the evil by the principle formerly put into force in Kansas. In recent years he has written much of history, illustrating his life work and the principles which have governed his actions in political and philanthropic work. He kept fully abreast of the times, with a keen interest in current events, and was always in sympathy with genuine progress.

Mr. Thayer was engaged after leaving Congress by the Hanibal and St. Joe Railroad Company, at a very large salary, to act as its land agent in New York City. He was there from about 1864 until 1870. He was also an expert in matters of invention, acting as a referee in such cases, for which he received large sums. He studied law, but was never admitted to the bar.

During the war time he originated a plan for the establishment of a great port of entry on the peninsular between the York and the James rivers in Virginia, and obtained a bond for a deed of the land. He considered the natural advantages of that locality a rival to New York. His plan, however, was divulged to certain heavy capitalists in New York, and they by some means obtained possession of the property and frustrated his scheme. He said he would have carried the thing through had he obtained the land, but the capitalists undertook it and failed.

He had a very keen sense of humor and a sharp wit. It was most amusing of itself to hear him tell humorous stories and preserve his grim countenance from the suspicion of a smile.

Mr. Thayer took the initiative in developing the south end of Worcester for manufacturing by erecting, more than fifty years ago, the building formerly known as the Adriatic mills on Southgate Street. He was influential in the erection of the junction shop formerly the property of the late Col. James Estabrook, and for many years occupied by the Knowles loom works on Jackson Street. This building, like the Oread Institute, was constructed of the stone taken from Oread Hill. He laid out and improved several streets and tracts of land in the vicinity of the Oread and had under consideration 231at the time of his death the opening up of a large area on the summit of Pakachoag Hill, at the rear of Holy Cross College.

He was the last surviving member of the Emigrant Aid Society, director of the Mutual Redemption Bank, member of the Worcester Society of Antiquity and the American Irish Historical Society. Belonging to no clubs, he was essentially a home man. Throughout the country he was familiarly known as the “Father of Kansas.”

He was married in 1846 to Cardina M. Capron of Millville, Mass., and seven children were born as a result of the union.

LATE PUBLICATIONS ON HISTORY OF INTEREST TO THE MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

Pacific Blockade. By Albert E. Hogan, LL. D.

This is the only treatise in English exclusively upon this subject, and the author has discussed a minor topic of international law fully and fairly. His views are briefly that pacific blockade (the right to blockade the ports of another state in time of peace and without war necessarily resulting) is too new a practice to have become entirely regularized; that the state blockaded as well as the blockader, but not the third powers affected, may decline to look upon a specific case of pacific blockade as consistent with peace, and thus consider war to be a fact; that notice, effectiveness, days of grace, etc., are to be observed much as in ordinary blockade; that, unlike ordinary blockade, it may be limited to a certain commodity or a certain traffic; that the ships of third powers, attempting to run a pacific blockade, can only be turned back or at most detained, never seized and confiscated as if war existed; that this kind of coercion is better than war for all parties.

Doctor Hogan is an Irishman and a professor of law at the University of Oxford in England, but his book and his views are being much discussed and widely criticised by American historical authorities.

232The Mystery of the Pinckney Draught. By Hon. Charles C. Nott, formerly Chief Justice of the United States Court of Claims.

This work is interesting throughout. Pinckney was not a great constructive statesman, but in the work of the convention he rendered valuable service in formulating many of the details embodied in the Constitution. It was not so much a new instrument of government that Pinckney framed in his original plan as it was a revision of the Articles of Confederation. In the preparation of his plan, Pinckney drew extensively upon the Articles of Confederation and the various state constitutions, especially that of New York. On May 29th, 1787, Charles Pinckney presented to the Federal Convention “the draft of a federal government to be agreed upon between the free and independent states of America”; that the records note simply its submission to the convention, its reference on the same day to the Committee of the Whole House, and later to the Committee of Detail; and that when John Quincy Adams in 1818 applied to Pinckney for a copy of the missing plan, he received in reply a document so strikingly similar to the draft of a constitution reported by the Committee of Detail on August 6th that it was evident one document must have been taken from the other. The conclusion has been almost universally unfavorable to Pinckney. Judge Nott in his work takes the other side, and in an elaborate argument declares that the original Pinckney plan is lost to the world because it was used as “printer’s copy” by the Committee of Detail.

The Works of James Buchanan, Comprising His Speeches, State Papers and Private Correspondence. Collected and edited by Prof. John Bassett Moore. Volumes V and VI, 1841–1844, 1844–1846.

President Buchanan was an Irishman, and Professor Moore has undertaken a most meritorious work in bringing forth the speeches, state papers and private correspondence of this great American citizen. The volume now issued is the fifth, and covers part of the period that Mr. Buchanan was in the United States Senate, where his continued membership of the Committee on Foreign Relations and Committee on Manufactures brought him into close contact with many of the most pressing questions of the time. The great issues covered by these volumes were those of the northeastern and northwestern boundaries and the annexation of Texas. In 1844 Buchanan was a presidential possibility, and his letters, though few in number, show him willing to take, but unwilling to seek, this high office. An excellent review of these volumes has recently been made by Professor William MacDonald of Brown University, Providence, R. I., a member of the Executive Committee of the American Historical Association.

CHAUNCEY OLCOTT.

Of New York City, the Famous Actor.

A Life Member of the Society.

233Old Times on the Upper Mississippi: The Recollections of a Steamboat Pilot from 1854 to 1863. By George Byron Merrick.

The author’s family were whalers from Nantucket. Mr. Merrick is a good story-teller, and his book abounds with tales of traffic on the Mississippi River from 1854 to 1863.

The author originally came from Nantucket, and began as a pantry boy on the Mississippi, occupying every position in the steamboat and flat-boat business for a great many years, and his tales of war-times are intensely interesting. The book is not well named, however, because steamboating was a large business for over thirty years before the narrative begins. He tells interestingly of bringing to the front in April, 1861, Sherman’s Flying Artillery, the most famous organization in the old army, stationed at the time at Fort Ridgely, high up the Minnesota River. The Fanny Harris, the largest boat which had ever gone up the stream, received the battery on board, its commander then being no other than John C. Pemberton of Pennsylvania, at first a loyal Union officer, although afterwards the Confederate lieutenant-general at Vicksburg. His lieutenant was Romeyn B. Ayres, than whom no Federal officer of the Civil War was braver. The river was at flood, the perils of navigation great, but the emergency was pressing. The Fanny Harris dashed on at full speed, sometimes in the tortuous channel, sometimes crashing through narrow barriers of land into inundated bottoms and even woods, the battery-men meantime exclaiming that the risk to life in battle was far less than among those pouring waters. Three hundred miles down the current was accomplished in two days. The boat was almost stripped of smokestacks, light upper work, and nearly all of her guards, but the battery was delivered, guns and men, at Prairie du Chien. Its style is simple, but very interesting, and the book is beautifully illustrated and printed.

234Texts of the Peace Conferences at The Hague, 1899 and 1907, with English translation and appendix of related documents. Edited by James Brown Scott, technical delegate of the United States to the Second Peace Conference at The Hague.

The volume is published by Ginn & Company of Boston and New York, of which our Librarian and Archivist, Mr. Thomas B. Lawler, is a partner. There is a twenty-five page introduction, giving an analysis and discussion of the work of the conferences. Most of the documents have been published elsewhere, and some of them many times, but it is well worth while to have them brought together in this convenient form. Ex-Secretary Root thinks the work of the Second Conference presents the greatest advance ever made at any single time towards the reasonable and peaceful regulation of international conduct, unless it be the advance made at The Hague Conference of 1899. The volume is complete and treats of the important factors in both conferences, and publishes the very valuable documents.

The Bibliographer’s Manual of American History, containing an account of all state, territory, town and county histories, etc., compiled by Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.

Three volumes have thus far been issued, and each volume shows improvement over its predecessor. It is a valuable work and a most excellent compilation of documents of great advantage to students of American history, and furnishes a good means of observation to the members of the American Irish Historical Society to take in at a glance the history of so many places in this country.

The American Executive and Executive Methods. By John H. Finley, President of the College of the City of New York, and John F. Sanderson, member of the Pennsylvania Bar.

The joint authors of this book have maintained the high standard of scholarship that has characterized the series of which the volume under review is the final number. There are fourteen chapters upon the executive department of the American state, and the other eight deal with the federal executive, to which is added an appendix upon the presidential electoral system. Throughout the work reference is made to the excellent achievements of many Pennsylvania Irishmen, but Mr. Marshall S. Brown, who prints a review of the work, 235finds, among other things, that the book reflects somewhat the defects inherent in a work of dual authorship.

Winthrop’s Journal, 1630–1649. Edited by James Kendall Hosmer. Two volumes.

This is one of the series of “Original Narratives of Early American History.” The old title, “History of New England,” is given in this edition only as a sub-title, and the volumes appear to be what they are—a journal. Nevertheless, the work is interesting throughout, and would be a valuable addition to the Society’s library.

The Province of New Jersey, 1664–1738. By Edwin P. Tanner, Ph. D., instructor in history in Syracuse University.

This is a detailed history of the political affairs and institutions of New Jersey during two generations of its provincial life. The peculiar land system of the proprietors in each of the two Jerseys, elements of the population, the personnel, legal position and activities of executive, council and assembly respectively, and their conflicts, the judicial system, financial affairs, militia system, etc., are carefully treated.

The Writings of James Madison. Edited by Gaillard Hunt.

This is much on the plan and fully as extensive as “The Works of James Buchanan” heretofore referred to, and eight volumes at present have been issued. The notes are excellent in respect to information and judgment, but not much of the matter set out is new, the author merely contenting himself by copying the writings of President Madison without making any specious comment on the same.

A Calendar of Confederate Papers, with a Bibliography of Some Confederate Publications.

This is a preliminary report of the Southern Historical Manuscripts Commission, and is one of the really monumental historical enterprises in the South. The commission is actively collecting, arranging and publishing various kinds of material relating to the Civil War, and to thoroughly appreciate the truly marvelous changes one should have known the conditions in the southern capitals a quarter of a century ago. Those directing this enterprise are so energetic, intelligent and ambitious that we believe the best fruits 236are yet to be gathered, although there is no room to doubt the value of several large collections already made. Mr. Douglas Southall Freeman is the director, and this calendar, orderly throughout and supplemented by careful notes, is very complimentary to him. Much historical data can be gathered for the Society from the southern states, where the recognition of Irishmen and their achievements was more free than in the New England states.

The Adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment. By Horace Edgar Flack, Ph. D.

Is a part of the Johns Hopkins University studies in historical and political science. So much has been heretofore said about these studies in the current magazines that we assume the members of the Society are familiar with them.

Collections and Researches Made by the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society.

The Society has been at work many years, and now publishes its thirty-sixth volume. The usefulness of this work to members of our Society in Michigan who desire to record the history and achievements of Americans of Irish birth or descent cannot be overestimated.

Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin.

This is the eighteenth volume of the publications, and is edited by Doctor Thwaites, Secretary and Superintendent of the Society. The Wisconsin History Commission, consisting of the governor of the state, the professor of American history in the state university, the secretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, the secretary of the Library Commission, and a representative of the Grand Army of the Republic, work with the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, and have already gathered and arranged the material for a history of Wisconsin’s part in the Civil War. A series of “Original Papers” has been inaugurated, on the line of the papers presented at our last meeting in Washington by Mr. Justice Dowling and Ex-Attorney-General Moloney, and are very interesting.

Lives of the Governors of Minnesota.

Is Volume XIII of the publications of the Minnesota Historical Society Collections, and is by James H. Baker, A. M., who has occupied several political positions in his state and has been closely associated with the men whose lives he has sketched. Mr. Baker is almost eighty years of age, and he has personal acquaintance with the governors from Ramsey, the first territorial governor in 1849, up to the present incumbent. Mr. Baker’s sketches of Gorman, territorial governor from 1853 to 1857; Sibley, first state governor from 1858 to 1860; Swift, third state governor from 1863 to 1864; McGill, 1887 to 1889; and Clough, 1895 to 1899; men of Irish extraction, are thorough and entertaining.

HON. T. ST. JOHN GAFFNEY,

Of New York.

Consul-General to Dresden, Germany.

Vice-President of the Society for Germany.

237Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society, 1907–1908:

This is Volume X of the publications of the Society, and is edited by the Secretary, George W. Martin. Fifty-six essays by nearly as many writers are presented. Several of the productions are composed of separate papers, such as the collections of biographical sketches of members of early legislatures, etc. A wealth of original material, well worth the notice of historians outside of the state of Kansas, is revealed, and forty-eight maps, plans, portraits and landscapes illustrate the text.

History of the City of Vincennes, 1702–1901:

An important contribution to the local history of Indiana, and a well written and authentic account of the oldest town in that state. By Henry S. Cauthorn.

History of Worcester:

A well written, authentic history of the Massachusetts town in the War of the Rebellion. By A. P. Marvin.

Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry History:

An account of the regiment from 1861 to 1865. By Edwin E. Bryant.

Professor Edward Channing of Harvard University has two volumes of a History of the United States already issued of a series of eight volumes. The title of Volume I is “The Planting of a Nation in the New World, 1000 to 1660”; Volume II, “A Century of Colonial History, 1660 to 1760.” The titles to Volumes III and IV, not yet issued, are “The American Revolution, 1760–1789,” and “Federalists and Republicans, 1789–1812,” while the titles to Volumes V to VIII have not as yet been selected.

238“Dr. John McLoughlin, the Victor of Oregon,” an authoritative biographical sketch, with abundant documents, by Frederick V. Holman.

“A Documentary Source-Book of American History,” by Professor William MacDonald of Brown University, author of “Select Charters,” “Select Documents,” and “Select Statutes,” etc. The work is in one volume, and includes all the most important documents contained in Professor MacDonald’s large works, but in some cases shortened by immaterial omissions.

GENERAL HISTORICAL ITEMS.

A very interesting document is the Report of the Committee on the Documentary Historical Publications of the United States Government, appointed by President Roosevelt in February, 1908, as an assistant committee to the Committee on Department Methods. Hon. Lawrence O. Murray, now Comptroller of the Currency at Washington, D. C., and at that time in the Department of Commerce and Labor, is a member of this committee, and the Society acknowledges with its thanks the receipt from him of a copy.

On February 11th, the President sent it to Congress with a message, and message and report have since been printed as Senate Document No. 714 of the session concluded March 4th.

The report contains a review of the course hitherto pursued by the government in the matter of historical publications; a general survey of the publications hitherto made, and of the gaps still existing between or among them; a body of recommendations for filling such gaps, especially by the inception of a series of National State Papers; and finally a series of suggestions for the organization of a permanent Commission on National Historical Publications, with a bill which, it is hoped, will be introduced in the sixty-first Congress.

The Fifth Annual Meeting of the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association was held at the University of California November 21st last. Papers were read by Professor E. D. Adams of Stanford University concerning the annexation of California, Mr. Don E. Smith and Professor J. N. Bowman of the University of California, and by Mr. F. J. Taggart. The proceedings lasted the entire day, sessions being held in the morning and afternoon, followed by a banquet in the evening.

239The publications of the American Association for International Conciliation are being sent forward to the members of our Society, and are readable and interesting documents by learned authorities upon the subjects they present. At the suggestion of the Secretary of the Association, the addresses of our members were sent him, and he has written each that the publications of the Association will go forward to them if they so request it. All that it is necessary to do to receive them is to write the Secretary. His address is: “F. P. Keppel, Secretary, Sub-Station 84, New York City.”

Hon. Thomas W. Bicknell, Providence, R. I., President of the Rhode Island Citizens’ Historical Association and an applicant for membership in our Society, has recently published in the Journal of American History an interesting article entitled “First White Owners of Land in America.” Mr. Bicknell is also the author of “Sowans,” a work treating of the early history of Barrington and Warren in Rhode Island.

Among the contents of the last issue of the American Historical Magazine is “Heroes of the Battle of Point Pleasant,” by Delia A. McCulloch.

In the January issue of the Essex Institute Historical Collections is an article on “Captain John Manley of Marblehead, a Man of Irish Descent,” by Robert E. Peabody.

RECOMMENDATIONS.

It has been the custom of the Society since its organization to have one annual meeting and two or more field days each year. The annual meeting in each instance has been called for the early evening, and the business affairs finished in a few minutes; then a short reception would take place, followed by a dinner, on the completion of which some historical papers would be read and addresses of interest made.

This proceeding is not calculated to sufficiently advance the interests of the Society, or enable it to truly do the work for which it is organized. Some historical associations have annual meetings at which there is a morning and afternoon session, followed by a dinner in the evening, while others have sessions lasting two or three days. It is impossible to crowd into a single evening, part of 240which has been taken up in partaking of a good dinner, any significant number of historical papers, much less to have a discussion on them.

Valuable addresses have been made that have not been printed in the Journal, and all that is left of them in the minds of the members is hardly more than pleasant recollections of the speakers. All the leading historical associations procure valuable papers from members, and, after they are read, discussion upon the subject-matter is thrown open, the good points gathered, and all reported in print later for the use of the members.

This Society could profitably take a day and an evening for its annual meeting. A morning session should be had, called to order at ten o’clock. Two or three papers could be read and discussion had upon each, followed by a recess from one to three p. m. Further papers and discussion might then be entertained and the meeting adjourned, with all the business completely transacted, in time for the dinner in the evening, at which short and interesting speeches, good music and general recreation after the day’s work would be in order.

These annual conventions should take place in different parts of the country, and those interested in our work will be sure to be on hand. In looking over some of our old records, it appears that requests have been made by members for meetings to take place in Richmond, Va., Charleston, S. C., and Detroit, Mich. In neither of these places has an annual meeting or a field day of the Society taken place.

Members of the Society are earnestly requested to furnish the Secretary-General with correct addresses. When a member removes or changes his address, the Secretary-General should be notified immediately, otherwise the publications and communications of the Society may be lost or fall into unauthorized hands.

The necessity for prompt payment of dues ought to be manifest to every member. The Society has no income except from the $5 a year contributed by the annual members. No officer or member receives any salary, and the finances are carefully and economically managed by the Executive Council. We have no expense for rental for the Society’s headquarters, and have no recent record of any officer of the Society accepting even his traveling expenses in matters connected with the Society. Nevertheless, the income is small, and our expenditures for printing the annual volume, gathering historical matter, postage, stationery and typewriting are large and do not leave the Society at the end of the year with any substantial balance in the Treasurer-General’s hands.

COL. C. C. SANDERS (Deceased).

Gainesville, Ga.

Late Member of the Executive Council.

241Donations of money or bequests by will or otherwise are earnestly and respectfully solicited, and any member who will take the trouble to read the constitution and note the purposes for which the Society is incorporated can readily see the great and lasting service to our people and American history in general that could be made, in addition to what the Society is now doing, to make better known the Irish Chapter in American History.

Some members well able to pay are in arrears from two to four years in their dues, notwithstanding the fact that several tactful circulars and repeated statements have been forwarded them by committees and officers of the Society. The attention of members is called to section 8 of the by-laws, which reads as follows:

“8. A member neglecting for two years to pay his annual fee shall be notified of such omission by the Secretary-General. Still neglecting for three months to pay the dues, such delinquent member shall be dropped as no longer belonging to the Society.”

Many of our members belong to other historical associations, and, by keeping in touch with their works, become of greater service to us. The American Historical Association, the headquarters of which are at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, D. C., and the leading state historical associations are cordially recommended to our members.

Members are earnestly requested to furnish the Secretary-General with biographical sketches. It is necessary to have these for our archives, and we hope that no member will allow his feeling of modesty to interfere with keeping the records of the Society complete. These sketches will not be published in the Journal if a member shall so direct. Read over your biographical sketches in the membership roll, and if they are not correct or should have additions, notify the Secretary-General.

Current items of interest relating to the doings of Americans of 242Irish extraction are solicited from every member by the Secretary-General. If a good article is met with in a newspaper or magazine, it will be thankfully received and filed in the archives if you will send it forward. It is by keeping abreast with the current history that we fulfil one of our greatest duties.

Donations of historical works, ancient or modern, or, in fact, books of any description, are solicited for the Society’s library. Copies or originals of old deeds, wills, bills of sale of slaves, curiosities in American or Confederate money, plate, postage stamps, old prints, pictures and the like are also solicited. When received, they will be carefully indexed and filed, with the name of the donor attached. Every member can readily find something of interest to send, and the aggregation will form a nucleus for a good library and possibly a museum.

Volumes I, II, IV, V and VI of the Journal of the Society are out of print. We have fifty copies of Volume III and ten copies of Volume VII left. The Executive Council have ordered fifteen hundred copies of Volume VIII, so that we may be sure every member will have a copy and the Society have some to spare.

These volumes out of print have become very rare, and some of them are held at high prices. If a sufficient demand appears from members who desire to have a complete set of the Society’s publications, the subject will be brought before the Executive Council for action, with the possibility that some of the volumes may be ordered reprinted.

(Captain H. J. Reilly, Battery F, Fifth Artillery, “The Fighting Fifth,” U. S. A., killed on the walls of Pekin, in the relief of the legations, during the Boxer uprising.)

EDWARD CARROLL.

Leavenworth, Kansas.

A Member of the Society.

245The above is a true story, every word of it. The United States Government brought Captain Reilly’s body home and buried it in the Arlington Cemetery, near Washington, and erected a splendid shaft to mark this brave soldier’s memory. Captain Reilly, as his name indicates, was of Irish stock.—J. J. R.

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS SANDERS, ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE AMERICAN IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY, AND MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. A WORTHY AND DISTINGUISHED ASSOCIATE.

On August 3d, 1908, there died at his home in Gainesville, Ga., one of the most remarkable men that it has been my good fortune to meet.

Descended on his father’s side from Rev. Moses Sanders, a Baptist preacher who emigrated from England to this country in the year 1765, and on his mother’s side from Thomas Smythe, a man distinguished for his great learning and for the many sweet poems that came from his pen, an Irishman, who with a party of friends, left Dublin, Ireland, in 1798 and made his home in Charleston, S. C., Colonel Sanders combined in his nature, disposition and temperament, the very best characteristics of the English and Irish, whose descendant he was.

For twenty years I knew him intimately, and I have no hesitation in making the statement that he was one of the most remarkable men of the generation in which he lived.

If I were asked in what respects he was remarkable, I would 246answer, First in his broad patriotism and deep love of country. Although he was little more than a boy when Georgia, in which state his parents had settled, seceded and issued her call for her sons to take up arms in defense of principles which they knew to be right, young Sanders, who had received a splendid military training at the Georgia Military Academy, was one of the first to respond to his country’s call, and during all those years of carnage and bloodshed, he gave his best strength, mental and physical, to the cause of the Confederacy. For distinguished bravery and great ability in military matters, he was soon made Colonel of the 24th Regiment of Georgia Volunteers and in the battles of Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Cold Harbor, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Harper’s Ferry, The Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House and other great struggles, the Confederacy had no braver soldier or more efficient officer than he. At Spottsylvania, he was severely wounded and his command suffered greatly; he was captured at Sailor’s Creek, May 6, ’65, and until July 25th, suffered the awful horrors of the Federal Prison at Johnston’s Island. During the war, he was offered the rank of Brigadier-General, but with that modesty which characterized his whole life, he declined the honor.

While he loved the cause of the Confederacy with all the ardor of his great soul, when Lee surrendered at Appomatox, Colonel Sanders ceased fighting and applied himself diligently to building up the waste places of his beloved country and to making a competency for himself and family, and the great success which attended his efforts in both instances is the second reason that I would assign for calling him a remarkable man. In 1871, he married Miss Fannie Amelia Scarborough, who until the day of his death, was a blessing and an inspiration to him. Together they came to Gainesville, a little mountain village, in 1871, immediately after their marriage, to build their home and fortune. By industry, economy and great business ability, Colonel Sanders succeeded in amassing a splendid estate, and at the same time was always first in his contributions to any public enterprise or private charity. No one will ever know how many cases of distress he relieved; for he obeyed the Scriptural injunction and never allowed his left hand to know what his right hand was doing. The writer of this sketch, was often at the State Bank, of which Colonel Sanders was President for many years, and has seen numbers of the old veterans, unfortunate men of all classes 247and even the negroes of the city, ask for aid and never once were they refused. On the day that he died, I heard numbers of men, with tears in their eyes, say, “I have lost the best friend that I ever knew”; his funeral services were attended by every class of people in our city and country, and after his more intimate friends came and with streaming eyes looked into the face of him who had befriended them for so long. Such a funeral has been accorded but few men in our country. Colonel Sanders was also remarkable for his literary and scientific attainments. Although he professed to be only a business man, he was a great student of men and affairs; he was a great reader of history and the record of all nations, from the earliest period to the present day, was an open book to him; he had traveled extensively and the literature and civilization of Europe and Egypt and the Holy Land, were so fully and accurately impressed upon him, that he could entertain his friends by hours in recounting his experience as a traveler. But best of all, Colonel Sanders was remarkable in his childlike devotion to and faith in Jesus Christ, the Man of Galilee, in whose footsteps he had followed for many years. He was one of the very few men of my acquaintance who, though devoted to his business, always kept a Bible in the President’s office of the State Bank, and oftentimes have I called to see him only to find him immersed in the beauties of the great prophecies of Isaiah, or reading the Songs of David, the sweet singer of Israel, or studying the life and character of Him who came into the world to save men from their sins. For years, he was a pillar in the Baptist Church of this city; he always taught a class in Sunday School and his presence there was always an inspiration to the Superintendent. During an intimate acquaintance for more than twenty years, I do not think that I ever heard him speak an unkind word of any one and when the summons came, his house was in order and he was ready to meet his Master and give an account of the deeds done in the body. I was with him very often during his last illness and his faith in the promises of Him whom he had served so long and so faithfully, was beautiful and sublime. Not a word of business care or anxiety was heard around the sick bed of Colonel Sanders; he seemed in constant communion with God, and though he had large financial interests, in these last days he made no mention of them.

To the writer of this sketch, his death was a great personal loss; 248when I began the work of building a school for girls in Gainesville nearly twenty-five years ago, Colonel Sanders was my friend and supporter; during all the years of struggle and trial in the early days of the school he gave me the benefit of his advice and counsel and never refused any financial assistance when called upon to extend it. It was his confidence in a struggling young man that often nerved my arm and heart to continue the work which I had undertaken. And when the end had come, and I looked upon that face, calm and sweet, having the appearance of one who had only fallen asleep, I thought of the words of the great poet and said to myself:

PATRICK J. McTIGHE.

A worthy member of the American Irish Historical Society was deceased at Binghamton, N. Y., August 4, 1908.

Patrick J. McTighe was born in Kilrush, County Clare, Ireland, in 1840, and received his education in a university at Dublin. His parents arrived in this country about fifty-five years ago, settled in Binghamton and were among the few pioneer Irish Catholic residents of that section. About forty-five years ago Mr. McTighe followed his parents to Binghamton and secured a position as teacher in one of the public schools. After teaching about two years he entered the employ of the wholesale grocery firm of Jackson, Denton & Marks. This firm changed several times and many different partners were admitted and retired while Mr. McTighe was connected with the business.

Following are a few of the firm names which the original house passed through before Mr. McTighe acquired the present business: Jackson & Marks, Marks & Bean, Bean & Company, McTighe, Truesdell & Davidge. Mr. McTighe was a silent partner in the firm of Bean & Company, and was an active partner in the firm which he later bought out and reorganized under the present name of the McTighe Grocery Company, with offices and warehouses at No. 69 Fayette Street.

MR. JOHN G. HARDY.

Of the William J. Feeley Company.

Providence, R. I.

The Talented Sculptor of the Sullivan Memorial.

249Mr. McTighe had been prominent in political, religious and social circles in this city for many years. In addition to his membership in the American Irish Historical Society, he was a member of the Catholic Club of New York, the Knights of Columbus, and many other orders and societies. He was president of the local branch of the old Land League during the season of its most effective work; a former president of the Binghamton Board of Trade for several years, and was a police commissioner of that city. During the presidential election of 1892 Mr. McTighe served as a presidential elector when Grover Cleveland was made president.

He had been a devout communicant and a member of the board of trustees of St. Patrick’s Church since the time when this church was the only Roman Catholic edifice in Binghamton. Aside from being a moving spirit in the church proper he took a lively interest in the many branch societies of St. Patrick’s.

He is survived by his widow, whose maiden name was Miss Mary A. McDonald; two sisters, Mrs. Anne Wall and Mrs. Mary Murphy; a nephew and a niece, John and Florence McDonald, whom he brought up from childhood as his own children; two nephews, Patrick and John McTighe; and two nieces, Frances McTighe and Elizabeth Wall.

Mr. McTighe always kept green his memories of the “Ould Sod,” and was in touch with all movements to better the condition of the Irish people. His recent efforts to aid the Kerry fishermen were especially praiseworthy.

Mr. McTighe was the leader in the movement to raise the fund raised in Binghamton to aid the Quilty fishermen, who rescued the sailors of the Leo XIII last autumn. The editor of The Binghamton Press was made treasurer of the fund, in recognition of the sermonette editorial, based upon the thrilling story of the wreck, while Mr. McTighe took active charge of raising the money and sending it to Ireland.

In business Mr. McTighe was a hard worker and a keen, methodical business man. He had the reputation everywhere of having a very high regard for his word. In his long life and connection with the grocery business he was associated with many of the pioneers 250of Binghamton business life and many of the old aristocrats of the business circle.

He was a well educated and well read man, being a scholar in Latin, Spanish, Celtic and French. He was always improving his mind, and, it is said, started in to learn Greek when past the age of sixty, finally mastering it so that he read it with pleasure.

The decease of this estimable man has left vacant a place hard to fill, and the entire city of Binghamton was filled with sorrow at his sudden death.

Adams, Hon. Samuel, President and Treasurer of the O’Neill-Adams Company, Twentieth to Twenty-second Street, Sixth Avenue, New York City; director, Garfield National Bank; member of the New York Chamber of Commerce; trustee, Excelsior Savings Bank; an ex-State senator of Colorado.

Adams, T. Albeus, President, Manhattan Refrigerating Company, 525 West Street, New York City; President, Adams & Company, New York; President Union Terminal Cold Storage Company, Jersey City, N. J.

Aspell, John, M. D., 139 West Seventy-seventh Street, New York City; a member of the Academy of Medicine; of the County Medical Association, and of the Celtic Medical Society; recently President of the latter; visiting surgeon to St. Vincent’s Hospital.

Bannin, Michael E., of Converse, Stanton & Company, dry goods commission merchants, 83 and 85 Worth Street, New York City; member of the Merchants Association, New York; director, Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank; member of the Merchants and Catholic clubs, New York, of the Montauk Club, Brooklyn, and of the Brooklyn Arts and Science Institute; director, the Columbian National Life Insurance Company; director, American Investment Securities Company; director Citizen Trust Company, Brooklyn.

Bannon, Henry G., 107 East Fifty-fifth Street, New York City; President of the Irish National Club; Secretary, Celtic-American Publishing Company.

Barrett, Michael F., of Barrett Bros., wholesale and retail dealers in teas and coffees, 308 Spring Street and 574 Hudson Street, New York City.

Barry, Hon. Patrick T., Vice-President-General and life member of the Society, 87–97 South Jefferson Street, Chicago, Ill.; advertising manager, Chicago Newspaper Union; director, First National Bank of Englewood, Ill.; director, The Chicago Citizen Company; has been a member of the State Legislature of Illinois; prominently identified with educational interests.

Barry, Thomas H., Major-General in the United States Army, Headquarters Army of Cuban Pacification, Marianao, Havana, Cuba.

253Barry, William F., 249 Magnolia Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J., superintendent of the Money Order Department of the Elizabeth postoffice.

Barry, William J., attorney at law, Barristers’ Hall, Boston, Mass.

Baxter, Rev. James J., D. D., 9 Whitmore Street, Boston, Mass.

Bayne, William, 53 Third Avenue, New York City, for the past twenty-six years leader of the famous Sixty-Ninth Regiment Band of New York City. Professor Bayne has the best collection of Irish music of any band master in the United States.

Blake, Michael, of John Leonard & Company, iron and steel, 149 Broadway, New York City.

Bodfish, Rev. Joshua P. L., 60 Robinwood Avenue, Jamaica Plain, Mass.; formerly chancellor of the Roman Catholic archdiocese of Boston; a director of the Bunker Hill Monument Association.

Bourlet, John W., of the Rumford Printing Company, Concord, N. H., printers to the Society.

Boyle, John J., 251 West Fifty-first Street, New York City, a talented sculptor.

Boyle, Hon. Patrick J., Newport, R. I.; has been mayor of that city eleven terms, and is mayor at present.

Brady, Rev. Cyrus Townsend, LL. D., rector of St. George’s Church; residence, Haddon Hall, Kansas City, Mo.; member of the Society of Colonial Wars, of the Sons of the Revolution, of the Military Order of Foreign Wars, and of other patriotic organizations; chaplain of the First Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, war with Spain; formerly Protestant Episcopal archdeacon of Pennsylvania; author of “For Love of Country,” “For the Freedom of the Sea,” “Stephen Decatur,” “Commodore Paul Jones,” “Border Fights and Fighters,” “The True Andrew Jackson,” and other works. Member of the Executive Council of the Society.

Brady, Daniel M., President Brady Brass Company of Jersey City, N. J., 95 Liberty Street, New York City, was born in New York in 1854. His parents were American born, while his grandparents on both sides were natives of Ireland.

Brady, James B., 170 Broadway, New York City.

Brady, Owen J., with The H. B. Claflin Company, 224 Church Street, New York City.

Branagan, William I., Emmetsburg, Ia., editor of the Emmetsburg Democrat and director of the Emmetsburg National Bank.

Brandon, Edward J., attorney at law, city clerk, Cambridge, Mass.

Brann, Rev. Henry A., D. D., LL. D., 141 East Forty-third Street, New York City (Life member of the Society).

Breen, Henry J., attorney at law, 243 West Ninety-ninth Street, New York City.

Breen, Hon. Matthew P., a city magistrate, 243 West Ninety-ninth Street, New York City.

Brennan, Hon. James F., attorney at law, Peterborough, N. H.; a trustee of the New Hampshire State Library. Historiographer of the Society and Vice-President for New Hampshire.

254Brennan, James F., contractor, 203 Maple Street, New Haven, Conn.

Brennan, P. J., 788 West End Avenue, New York City.

Brett, Frank P., town clerk and attorney, Waterbury, Conn.; member of the Connecticut Legislature. He is town clerk of Waterbury, in which city he was born December 13, 1869. He was educated in the public schools, graduating from the high school in 1888 and from the Yale Law School in 1892. He was a member of the Town Board of School Visitors from 1892 to 1897; was elected to the Legislature in 1899; was town clerk from 1900 to 1904 and from 1906 to the present time. Mr. Brett is a son of Patrick Brett, formerly Secretary of the Waterbury Buckle Company. Mrs. Brett before marriage was Miss Elizabeth Slater, and taught in the first Catholic school in Waterbury, being one of the five Slater sisters, all of whom taught there. She also taught in Worcester, Mass., and in Newark, N. J., with Father McQuade, the present bishop of Rochester, N. Y. Address, 3 East Main Street.

Brierly, Frank, 268 West One Hundred Thirty-first Street, New York City.

Britt, Philip J., attorney at law, 27 William Street, New York City.

Broderick, William J., 52 Morton Street, New York City.

Brosnahan, Rev. Timothy, rector of St. Mary’s Church, Waltham, Mass.

Brosnan, Rev. John, Cornwall-on-Hudson, N. Y.

Bryan, Hon. J. P. Kennedy, attorney at law, 11 Broad Street, Charleston, S. C.

Buckley, John J., attorney at law, 99 Nassau Street, New York City.

Burke, John, 60 West Fifty-first Street, New York City.

Burke, Robert E., attorney at law, recently city solicitor, Newburyport, Mass.

Burr, William P., office of the Corporation Counsel, New York City.

Butler, Francis X., attorney at law, member of the law firm of Knabe & Butler, 280 Broadway, New York City.

Butler, M. J., real estate and insurance, Morris Avenue, corner of One Hundred Forty-fourth Street, New York City.

Butler, T. Vincent, 120 Central Park South, New York City; with R. G. Dun & Company.

Buttimer, Thomas H., attorney at law, Hingham and Boston, Mass.

Byrne, Dr. C. E. of the C. E. Byrne Piano Company, 229 East Forty-first Street, New York City.

Byrne, Joseph M., insurance, 800 Broad Street, Newark, N. J.

Byrne, Thomas F., 105 East Seventy-eighth Street, New York City.

Byrne, Rt. Rev. Mgr. William, D. D., V. G., rector of St. Cecelia’s Church, St. Cecelia Street, Boston, Mass.

Byrne, William Michael, attorney at law, 220 Broadway, New York City.

Byrns, William Francis, M. D., 1509 U Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Cahill, John H., attorney at law, 15 Dey Street, New York City; prominently identified with telephone interests; Vice-President, Secretary, attorney and director of the New York Telephone Company; director of the Empire City Subway Company; also a director of the American District Telephone Company; the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company; the Holmes Protective Company; the New England Telephone and Telegraph 255Company; the Delaware Telegraph and Telephone Company; Northwestern Telephone and Telegraph Company, and the Southwestern Telephone and Telegraph Company.

Calnin, James, 101–107 Lakeview Avenue, Lowell, Mass.

Cannon, Thomas H., of the law firm Cannon & Poage, Stock Exchange Building, Chicago, Ill.

Carey, Peter J., 536 West Twenty-third Street, New York City.

Carmody, T. F., attorney at law, Burpee & Carmody, Waterbury, Conn.

Carney, Michael, of M. Carney & Company, Lawrence, Mass.

Carroll, Edward, Cashier of Leavenworth National Bank, Leavenworth, Kansas.

Carroll, Edward R., 333 East Fifty-first Street, New York City; clerk’s office, Court of General Sessions of the Peace, City and County of New York.

Carroll, John L., Secretary, American Oil & Supply Company, 23 Division Place, Newark, N. J.

Carroll, Thomas F., M. D., 219 Central Street, Lowell, Mass.

Carter, Patrick, real estate, mortgages and insurance, 32 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I. Member of the Executive Council of the Society.

Carter, Hon. Thomas H., United States Senator from Montana, Washington, D. C.

Carty, John J., Short Hills, N. J.

Casey, Michael, of Casey & Bacon, wholesale grocers, Pittsfield, Mass.

Cassidy, John J., 509 West Street, Wilmington, Del. Vice-President of the Society for Delaware.

Cassidy, Gen. Patrick, M. D., Norwich, Conn.; was surgeon-general on the staff of Gov. Luzon B. Morris of Connecticut, ranking as brigadier-general.

Cavanaugh, F. J., 31 Union Square, New York City; merchant.

Chittick, Rev. James J., 5 Oak Street, Hyde Park, Mass.

Clancy, Laurence, dry goods merchant, West Bridge Street, Oswego, N. Y.; President of L. Clancy, Sons & Company; trustee Oswego County Savings Bank; director, electric street railway; member, Normal school board; has repeatedly declined a nomination for mayor of Oswego.

Clare, William F., attorney at law, 71 Nassau Street, New York City.

Clarke, James, of James Clarke & Company, booksellers and publishers, 29 West Thirty-second Street, New York City.

Clarke, Joseph I. C., with Standard Oil Company, 26 Broadway, New York City; is Vice-President of the Society for New York.

Clary, Charles H., Hallowell, Me.; a descendant of John Clary, “of Newcastle, Province of New Hampshire,” who married Jane Mahoney of Georgetown, Me., 1750. Four children were born to them before 1760; was one of the founders of the Clary Reunion Family which meets annually.

Cockran, Hon. W. Bourke, 31 Nassau Street, New York City; ex-member of Congress. (Life member of the Society.)

Coffey, Rev. Michael J., East Cambridge, Mass.

256Coghlan, Rev. Gerald P., 2141 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Cohalan, Daniel F., attorney at law, 2 Rector Street, New York City.

Coleman, Capt. John, capitalist, 1100 Fourth Avenue, Louisville, Ky.

Collier, Peter Fenelon, publisher, 416 West Thirteenth Street, New York City.

Collins, James M., 6 Sexton Avenue, Concord, N. H.

Collins, Hon. John S., Gilsum, N. H.; manufacturer of woolens; an ex-State senator of New Hampshire.

Collins, Brig.-Gen. D. F., 637 Pearl Street, Elizabeth, N. J.

Colton, Rt. Rev. Charles Henry, D. D., Roman Catholic Bishop of Buffalo, 1025 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.

Colton, Frank S., 227 Riverside Drive, New York City.

Conaty, Bernard, 30 Cypress Street, Providence, R. I.

Conaty, Rev. B. S., 340 Cambridge Street, Worcester, Mass.

Conaty, Rt. Rev. Thomas J., D. D., Los Angeles, Cal., Bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Monterey and Los Angeles.

Condon, E. O’Meagher, Nashville, Tenn.

Coney, Patrick H., attorney at law, 316 Kansas Avenue, Topeka, Kan. He entered the Union army in 1863, at the age of 15 years, enlisting in the One Hundred and Eleventh New York Infantry. He was detailed as dispatch bearer on General McDougall’s staff, promoted as an orderly dispatch bearer on Gen. Nelson A. Miles’ staff, served in this capacity to Appomatox and Lee’s surrender, and was transferred June 5, 1865, to Company H, Fourth New York Heavy Artillery. He served until October 5, 1865, when he was honorably discharged at Hart’s Island, N. Y. He was wounded at the battle of Peach Orchard in front of Petersburg, Va., on June 16, 1864, and rejoined his command from the hospital after sixty days’ convalescence. In addition to his law practice, he is President and manager of the National Investment and Development Company, which is engaged in the promotion and development of 11,000 acres of mineral, gas and oil lands in Benton County, Mo.; is Vice-President of the Society for Kansas.

Conlon, William L., Portsmouth, N. H.

Connell, John H., 1949 Seventh Avenue, New York City.

Connelly, L. J., Lieutenant U. S. Navy, Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Connery, William P., Wheeler and Pleasant Streets, Lynn, Mass.; recently candidate for mayor of Lynn.

Connick, Andrew J., 244 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Connolly, Capt. James, real estate, Coronado, Cal. He was born in County Cavan, Ireland, 1842; came to this country when he was but ten years of age, and spent much of his youth at East Dennis, Cape Cod, Mass. His early love for the sea was gratified later in life when he became captain of some of the finest deep-water ships sailing from Baltimore, Boston and elsewhere. His first command was the bark May Queen, a regular Baltimore and Rio packet, 1872. He then had command of the ship Pilgrim of Boston, and made several voyages to the East Indies. In 1884 he was given command of the Charger, a larger and finer ship than the Pilgrim, 257and sailed to ports in Japan. He next had command of the South American, “the commodore’s ship,” of the Hastings fleet (Boston), and took her to Australia and other parts. He made several record voyages during his career, and some of these records still stand, having never been equalled. On one occasion he was wrecked off the coast of Africa; he and his wife upon being rescued were hospitably entertained by the Boers of the adjacent country. Returning to East Dennis, Mass., his wife’s health became poor and so he removed with her to Coronado, Cal., hoping that the change of climate would benefit her, but she died in 1901. She had accompanied her husband on several of his voyages, and had with him visited many parts of the world. Captain Connolly has written much and entertainingly. He has at present in manuscript form a novel of ocean life entitled “The Magic of the Sea”; is Vice-President of the Society for California.

Connolly, Rev. Arthur T., Center and Creighton Streets, Roxbury, Mass.

Connor, Michael, 509 Beech Street, Manchester, N. H.

Conway, James L., 113 Worth Street, New York City.

Conway, James P., 296 East Third Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.; attorney at law and assistant chief examiner, Municipal Civil Service, New York City.

Conway, Patrick J., 159 East Sixtieth Street, New York City. President of Irish American Athletic Association and greatly interested in international athletics.

Cooke, Rev. Michael J., Fall River, Mass. (Life member of the Society.)

Cooney, Brig.-Gen. Michael, U. S. A., retired, 500 T Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.; born in Ireland; private, corporal and sergeant, Company A, First United States Cavalry, December 4, 1856, to December 4, 1861; quartermaster-sergeant, Sixth Cavalry, December, 1864; first lieutenant, Ninth Cavalry, July 28, 1866; captain, January 1, 1868; major, Fourth Cavalry, December 10, 1888; lieutenant-colonel, Seventh Cavalry, June 2, 1897; colonel, Fourth Cavalry, June 9, 1899; brigadier-general, retired, April 23, 1904.

Cooney, Terrence, Jr., Pittsfield, Mass.

Corbett, Michel J., Wilmington, N. C., born in Lismore, County of Waterford, Ireland, August 4, 1856, the son of John Corbett, a small farmer and contractor; was educated in the national schools and remained in Ireland until his eighteenth year, arriving in Wilmington, N. C., March 28, 1878, where he has since resided. He entered the commission business, and in due course became a partner in the firm of W. I. Gore & Company; later, on the withdrawal of Mr. Gore, the commission business, which had largely increased, was incorporated under the name and style of The Corbett Company, under which the business is now conducted. Mr. Corbett is one of the most potent factors in the industrial life of Wilmington, and, in addition to the successful conduct of his regular business, has been largely instrumental in the promotion, organization and management of many important and flourishing enterprises in Wilmington; is Vice-President and one of the original directors of the People’s Savings Bank; one of the original directors of the 258Murchison National Bank; President of the Wilmington, Southport & Little River Company; member of the firm of Stone & Company, and one of the Board of Managers of the James Walker Memorial Hospital; is a member of the Cape Fear Club, Carolina Yacht Club and Cape Fear Golf Club. In 1884 Mr. Corbett was married to Miss Mary Josephine Deans, and to her inspiration and counsel attributes in a large measure the credit for his success in life. The union has been signally blessed, ten children having been born to them, nine of whom are still living. Is Vice-President of the Society for North Carolina.

Cosgrove, Hon. James, was born at Charleston, S. C., Aug. 28, 1861. His father, a native of Bally Connell, County Cavan, Ireland, settled in Charleston in February, 1839; became a prosperous merchant; was one of the aldermen of the city for two terms and one of the Representatives from Charleston County in the General Assembly of South Carolina in 1874–’75. His mother was Catherine Daily. The family have been Charlestonians for over seventy years and during this period father and son have been closely identified with the commercial and political life of the community. Mr. Cosgrove attended first a private school, then the parochial school attached to St. Finbar’s Cathedral and later the high school of Charleston, where he was graduated at the age of sixteen years. He then went into his father’s office and later established himself in the real estate and general insurance business, which he still successfully conducts. About twenty years ago he became interested in the experiments conducted by Sir Patrick Manson, an Irishman, Leveran, a Frenchman, and the Italians Celli, Golgi and Bignam, concerning the inoculation of the human body with the virus of malaria fever by the bite of a species of the mosquito known as the “Anopheles.” He followed the investigations closely and as a result of what was proven commenced agitation for the drainage of wet and low lands of the United States, to remove breeding places of this species of insect. At that time there was a “death line” around the coastal section of the Southern States and many other sections of the United States, within which line it was thought to be dangerous to live in the summer for fear of malarial fever. At first his efforts met with poor success, and in 1898 he determined to become a candidate for the State Legislature to have enacted legislation necessary for the proper and systematic drainage of the wet lands of South Carolina. He was re-elected in 1900, but such was the opposition to the new movement that not until 1902 did he succeed in having created for Charleston County “The Sanitary and Drainage Commission.” Indeed, it required a man of the most untiring industry and indomitable will to have successfully carried his purpose during these four years of antagonism. The work of sanitary drainage in Charleston County was commenced under the direction of this commission, but it was soon found that it absolutely required some one to take the direction of the work who would be willing to sacrifice his self-interest for the good of the public. The commissioners, comprising some of the best citizens of the city, with one accord turned to Mr. Cosgrove and requested him to take entire direction. He did so, 259and has since remained in charge. The result is that thousands of acres of fertile lands have been made habitable, affording dwelling places, and manufacturing enterprises have been inaugurated, affording employment to thousands on land, which a few years ago was worthless. In 1902 Mr. Cosgrove was defeated for re-election by a small majority, owing to opposition to the idea of drainage. He determined to retire from politics, but in 1906, answering the call of his people as voiced in leading editorials in the press of Charleston, he consented to again become a candidate and was elected by a flattering vote and re-elected by a still larger vote in 1908. He is chairman of the Charleston Delegation in the House of Representatives and chairman of the Committee on Banking and Insurance. Mr. Cosgrove’s efforts in behalf of the drainage of the low lands of the United States have been recognized by his appointment as member of the Executive Committee of the National Drainage Congress and Honorary Vice-President of the Seventeenth National Irrigation Congress. As a corollary of his drainage work, Mr. Cosgrove has been giving much attention to the subject of good roads, and has now on the calendar of the Legislature a measure providing for state aid to the building of good roads. In 1885 Mr. Cosgrove was married to Miss Mathilde Griffith Forsythe, daughter of a prominent and wealthy dry goods merchant of Charleston.

Coughlin, John, 177 Water Street, Augusta, Me.

Cox, Hugh M., M. D., 285 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York City.

Cox, Michael Francis, M. D., F. R. C. P. I., M. R. I. A., 26 Merrion Square, Dublin, Ireland. Member of Senate of Royal and of National University of Ireland; Vice-President of National Literary Society; member Society for Preservation of the Irish Language, Dante Society and Council Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland; Vice-President of the American Irish Historical Society for Ireland.

Cox, Michael H., 28 Windemere Road, Dorchester, Mass.

Cox, William T., 12 South Second Street, Elizabeth, N. J., owner of Cox’s Towing Line; for some years chairman of the fire commissioners of Elizabeth; ex-chief of the Elizabeth Volunteer Fire Department.

Coyle, Rev. James, Taunton, Mass.

Coyle, Rev. John D., 79 Davenport Avenue, New Haven, Conn.

Creagh, Rev. John T., J. U. L., S. T. L., J. C. D., Catholic University, Washington, D. C.; associate professor of canon law.

Creamer, Walter H., 4 Prescott Place, Lynn, Mass. His great-grandfather, Edward Creamer, was born in Kinsale, Ireland, 1756, was graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, and in 1784 settled in Salem, Mass. He was a physician there. This Edward had a son, George, who married Hannah Gardner whose mother was Mary Sullivan, a sister of Gen. John Sullivan of the Revolution and of Gov. James Sullivan of Massachusetts. Walter H. Creamer, here mentioned, is a grandson of the said George and Hannah (Gardner) Creamer.

Crimmins, Cyril, of the Crimmins Realty Company, 624 Madison Avenue, New York City. (Life member of the Society.)

260Crimmins, Hon. John D., 40 East Sixty-eighth Street, New York City (member of the Executive Council and life member of the Society); President-General in 1901, 1902 and 1905. Served as a park commissioner of New York City from 1883 to 1888, during which time he was Treasurer and President of the board. He was a member of the Board of Visitors to West Point in 1894, and presidential elector (Democratic) in 1892 and 1904. Was appointed by Governor Roosevelt and served as a member of the Greater New York Charter Revision Commission. In 1894, he was a member of the New York State Constitutional Convention. Is a member of the New York Chamber of Commerce and officially connected with many railway, realty and banking corporations. Among the offices to which he has been chosen may be mentioned: President of the Essex and Hudson Land Improvement Company; honorary Vice-President of the Trust Company of America, New York; Vice-President of the Title Insurance Company of New York; Vice-President of the New York Mortgage and Security Company; director of the Fifth Avenue Bank of New York, and also a director in the following companies: The Century Realty Company and the Chelsea Realty Company. He is prominently identified with the charities of the Roman Catholic Church, as well as with non-sectarian charities. He is a member of the board of managers of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; member of the executive committee of the New York State Branch of the American National Red Cross Society; member of the board of directors of the Pennsylvania, New York and Long Island Railroad Company; member of the board of directors of the Metropolitan Bank; member of the board of managers of St. Vincent’s Hospital; member of the board of trustees of St. John’s Guild, and also of the Provident Loan Society of New York. Mr. Crimmins is also a director of the City and Suburban Homes Company of New York, which has for its object to provide model homes at reasonable cost for working people. He is a member of the following clubs: Catholic, Metropolitan, Lawyers, Democratic, Manhattan, and of the Wee Burn Golf Club, of which he was formerly President. He is likewise a member of the board of managers of the Sevilla Home for Children, a non-sectarian charity, and is also one of the managers of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents.

Crimmins, Capt. Martin L., U. S. A., care of War Department, Washington, D. C.

Cronin, Capt. William, Rutland, Vt.

Croston, J. F., M. D., 83 Emerson Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Cummings, Matthew J., overseer of the poor, 616 Eddy Street, Providence, R. I.

Cummins, Rev. John F., Roslindale, Mass.

Cunniff, Michael M., 1032 Beacon Street, Brookline, Mass., capitalist.

Cunningham, Hon. James, 277 Congress Street, Portland, Me., is a member of the Executive Council of the State of Maine, one of seven whose duty it is to advise the governor in all appointments and State affairs; was born in Manor Hamilton, County Leitrim, Ireland, May 8th, 1839, of 261Irish parents, and arrived in Portland, Me., October 23, 1863, and worked as a journeyman mason for five years; he was the first Irishman allowed to lay bricks in Portland, and as soon as possible became an American citizen and cast his first vote for himself for the office of city councilman, being the first foreigner to serve in the Portland city council. His membership lasted eight years, the longest period of continuous service to that time of any citizen, either native or naturalized. Has been prominent in Catholic work, and is a warm friend and associate of Bishop Bacon, Bishop Healy, Archbishop O’Connell of Boston, and the present Bishop Walsh, and was the first Catholic to hold office since Maine became a state. He started several branches of the Ancient Order of Hibernians in Pennsylvania, and stood by the organization in different parts of the country during its darkest days, and has always been interested in the Irish Land League. Has been very successful in all the business affairs he has ever undertaken, and six years ago built the Lafayette Hotel, the finest hostelry in Maine, which he still continues to own and manage. Is the Vice-President of the Society for Maine.

Curley, Michael H., merchant, 115 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. (Life member of the Society.)

Curran, Philip A., of the Curran Dry Goods Company, Waterbury, Conn.

Curry, Edmond J., 69–71 East Eighty-ninth Street, New York City.

Curtin, Daniel I., 332 East Twenty-fifth Street, New York City, was born in that city May 21, 1880, son of John J. Curtin (born in Tallow County, Waterford, Ireland, in 1849; seaman United States Navy 1861–65), and nephew of Daniel Curtin, who constituted part of the bodyguard of General Nathaniel P. Banks and was killed at the Battle of Antietam. Was educated in the New York public schools, from which he graduated in 1895; studied for five years in the Scientific Department of Cooper Union, New York; has been engaged for the past nine years (1900–09) in civil engineering pursuits as assistant to the chief engineer Standard Gas Light Company of New York (1900–02), assistant to the chief engineer Jersey Central Railroad on re-survey of line (1902–04) and (1904–09) assistant to chief engineer, Department of Water Supply, Borough of Brooklyn.

Daly, Edward Hamilton, attorney at law, 54 Wall Street, New York City.

Daly, John J., 833 Longwood Avenue, Bronx, New York City; foreman, U. S. Immigration buildings, Ellis Island.

Daly, Hon. Joseph F., LL. D., 54 Wall Street, New York City; chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas, New York, 1890–’96; justice of the New York Supreme Court, 1896–’98; member of the Board of Managers, Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum; member of the Advisory Board, St. Vincent’s Hospital; served in 1900 on the commission to revise the laws of Porto Rico.

Danaher, Hon. Franklin M., Bensen Building, Albany, N. Y.; member of the State Board of Law Examiners; many years judge of the City Court of Albany.

262Danvers, Robert E., 428 West Fifty-Eighth Street (the St. Albans), New York City; dealer in iron and steel.

Davies, William Gilbert, 32 Nassau Street, New York City, son of Henry E. Davies and Rebecca Tappan Davies, was born in New York City, March 21, 1842. He received a collegiate education at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., from which he graduated in 1860. He also studied at the University of Leipsic, Germany. Mr. Davies read law with Slosson, Hutchins and Platt, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1863, and at once entered earnestly upon the pursuit of the profession his father had so greatly adorned. During the Civil War, then raging, he served in the Twenty-second Regiment, New York Militia, during the Gettysburg campaign. Mr. Davies’ first partnership in practice was formed with Henry H. Anderson, but on August 1, 1866, the partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Davies entered the service of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. The law department of that corporation was fully organized in September, 1870, with Mr. Pruyn as solicitor and Mr. Davies as his assistant. He remained in that position until May 20, 1885, at which time he became the head of the department. During the succeeding quarter of a century Mr. Davies, as counsel for one of the leading insurance companies, was largely instrumental in establishing rules of law on insurance matters as they exist today. He resigned in December, 1893, in order to resume the active practice of his profession. He was one of the commissioners on the widening of Elm Street, New York, and extending the street from Great Jones Street to the City Hall. Mr. Davies joined the American Irish Historical Society in 1898 and is a member of the New York Historical Society, the New York Biographical and Genealogical Society, the Medicolegal Society, the New England Society, the Society of the Sons of the Revolution, the New England Historical Genealogical Society, the Virginia Historical Society, the Phi Beta Kappa Alumni Association, the Liederkranz Society, the Society of Colonial Wars, the Century Association, and the Union University Lawyers, Manhattan, Tuxedo, Grolier, Democratic and St. Nicholas Clubs. He belongs also to the American, New York State, and New York City Bar Associations, and the Law Institute. He was married in 1870 to Miss Lucie Rice, daughter of Hon. Alexander H. Rice, who was three terms governor of Massachusetts. He resides at 22 East Forty-fifth Street. Mr. Davies is a writer of great fame and among many others is the author of Papers and Addresses (published by Robert Grier Cooke of New York), on very interesting subjects.

Day, Joseph P., real estate, 31 Nassau Street, and 932 Eighth Avenue, New York City.

Deeves, Richard, of Richard Deeves & Son, builders, 305–309 Broadway, New York City. (Life member of the Society.)

Delaney, J. C., Chief Inspector, Department of Factory Inspection, Harrisburg, Pa.

Delaney, William J., Saratoga Springs, N. Y.

Delany, Capt. William H., 254 West Fourteenth Street, New York City, was 263born April 19th, 1849, in the old Ninth Ward. His father, Captain John Delany, also born in New York City, was a shipmaster 30 years in the old Black Ball Line, carrying passengers between New York and Liverpool and in his earlier days was in the China and East Indies trade. His mother was Catherine Shelley, born in Belfast, Ireland. The paternal grandparents were born in Dublin and the maternal grandparents in Belfast. All followed the sea. Captain Delany had ten uncles who were shipmasters.

Delehanty, Hon. F. B., Judges’ Chambers, Court House, City Hall Park, New York; a judge of the City Court.

Dempsey, George C., Lowell, Mass.

Dempsey, William P., Treasurer and manager, the Dempsey Bleachery and Dye Works, Pawtucket, R. I.

Dennen, Rev. C., Pastor of Catholic Church, Wilmington, N. C.

DeRoo, Rev. Peter, St. Joseph’s Church, 1127 Corbett Street, Portland, Ore.; author of the “History of America Before Columbus,” a most interesting and valuable work.

Devine, John T., proprietor, The Shoreham, Washington, D. C.

Devlin, James H., 35 Parsons Street, Brighton, Boston, Mass.

Devlin, James H., Jr., Barristers’ Hall, Boston, Mass., attorney at law, was born in that part of Boston known as Dorchester, July 21, 1877, and received his early education in the public schools of Milton and Dedham; was graduated from Boston College in 1897, with the degree of A. B., and in 1900 from the Harvard University School of Law, with the degree of LL. B. Is President of the Charitable Irish Society of Boston, and a member of the Boston City Club. He is unmarried.

Dixon, Richard, insurance, 52–54 William Street, New York City.

Dixon, Samuel Gibson, M. D., LL. D., Bryn Mawr, Pa., was born of Quaker parentage in the city of Philadelphia in the family homestead below Bartram’s Botanical Gardens, March 23, 1851. His early education was received at the Friends’ Schools in that city and was supplemented by private tutors, by whom he was prepared for Harvard College. His health failing, however, he went abroad for recreation and study. Returning home he set himself to acquire a thorough knowledge of business principles, taking a course at the Mercantile College. On the conclusion of this he studied conveyancing under the late Edward Bedlock of Philadelphia. He then studied law in the office of his brother, Edwin Saunders Dixon, Esq., attended the law course of the University of Pennsylvania, and was admitted to practice at the bar of Philadelphia June 30, 1877, continuing in the active practice of that profession for ten years. The practice of law left him with trusteeships of importance which have necessarily kept him well to the front in affairs. Under the stress of desk and office work his health again failed, and his tastes inclining him to make a hobby of scientific medicine he matriculated in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, from which he was graduated with honor in 1886. While still an undergraduate, however, he received the unusual compliment of an appointment by the trustees 264to the position of Assistant Demonstrator of Physiology. During his last year in the medical school he suffered from a serious attack of typhoid fever, which made a foreign trip again desirable in the opinion of his physicians. Being greatly interested in the infant science of bacteriology, as soon as his strength permitted, he entered the Bacteriological Department of King’s College, London, from which he was graduated. He also took a course in the College of State Medicine, London, under Professor Klein, and it was while prosecuting observations under that master in bacteriology that he made the discovery of branched forms of tubercle bacilli hitherto unnoticed. He also studied under Pottenkofer, in Munich, and made a careful study of the methods of filtration of water and disposition of sewage then in vogue in the capitals of Great Britain and Europe. Returning to Philadelphia in 1888, his alma mater recognized the value of his attainments by appointing him the first Professor of Hygiene in the newly created chair in the Medical Department, and also Dean of the Auxiliary Department of Medicine. While in this position he embraced the opportunity to establish the first Laboratory of Hygiene in the University. Two years later he resigned these positions to accept the appointment of Professor of Bacteriology and Microscopical Technology at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, of which institution he became Executive Curator in 1892 and President in 1896. During this period his mind reverted constantly to the problem of the branched tubercle bacillus and the possibility which he had conceived of obtaining immunity to that disease by the introduction into the human economy of attenuated bacilli or of fluid extracts from the same, and he prosecuted original researches on this subject untiringly. On October 19, 1889, he published in the Medical News of Philadelphia the results which he had then reached in producing immunity to that disease in the lower animals, and has constantly kept the profession informed of his investigations by means of addresses and contributions to medical and scientific journals. The two theses or propositions on which he based this theory of possible immunity to the tubercle bacillus are as follows: “First. It is possible that by a thorough filtering out of bacilli from tubercular material a filtrate might be obtained and attenuated so that by systematic inoculations a change might be produced in living animal tissues that would enable them to resist virulent tubercle bacilli. Second. To bring about a chemical or physical change in living tissues that would resist tubercular phthisis it is possible that inoculations with the bacillus would have to be made; yet, before this could be done, the power of the virulent bacilli would have to be diminished; otherwise the result would be most disastrous.” In the autumn of 1890, Doctor Dixon, inspired by the announcement of Professor Koch that he had succeeded in developing a substance which possessed the power of preventing the growth of the tubercle bacillus in the human economy, again visited Europe in order to assure himself of the accuracy of the reports and in the interest of humanity as well as of the various scientific and medical institutions with which he was connected, and had interviews with Koch, 265Virchow and Dubois Raymond. That Doctor Dixon has always recognized the claims of the community as a whole on members of his profession is sufficiently proven by the fact that he is officially connected with so large a number of scientific, philanthropic and educational institutions. He has been for eighteen years Executive Curator of the Philadelphia Academy of the Natural Sciences, and for fourteen years its President. For a number of years he was a member of the Board of Education of the city of Philadelphia an as Chairman of the Committee on Hygiene devoted much time to improving the sanitary condition of the schools. He is an officer of the Ludwick Institute, the Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in Pennsylvania, the Zoological Society of Philadelphia and the Grandom Institution, a member of the Council of the American Philosophical Society and of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, a director of the Wistar Institute of Anatomy of the University of Pennsylvania, a Fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, a member of the American Medical Association, the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia County Medical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Archeological and Asiatic Society, and one of the originators of the Geographical Society of Philadelphia. An enthusiast on field sports from his early boyhood, many of his vacations have been spent in salmon and trout fishing and the hunting of big game. He has been an enthusiastic and successful breeder of choice cattle and sporting dogs. He is a member of the American Kennel Club, of which he was the first Secretary, and President of the Philadelphia Kennel Club. Among the social clubs of the country he is a member of the Philadelphia Club, the Merion Cricket Club, the University Club, the Tarrantine Golf Club and the Radnor Hunt.

Dolan, James A., 346 Broadway, New York City.

Dolan, Thomas E., M. D., 250 Elizabeth Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J.

Donahue, Dan A., 178 Essex Street, Salem, Mass.; outfitter to men and women.

Donahue, R. J., cashier of the National Bank of Ogdensburg, N. Y.

Donnelly, Hon. Thomas F., a justice of the New York City Court, 257 Broadway, New York City.

Donoghue, D. F., M. D., 240 Maple Street, Holyoke, Mass.

Donovan, Daniel, 21 High Rock Street, Lynn, Mass.; an authority on heraldry, armorial bearings, etc.; particularly as the same relate to Ireland.

Donovan, Colonel Henry F., editor and proprietor of The Chicago Eagle, No. 504 Teutonic Building, Chicago, Ill.; was commissioned as Colonel by the Governor of Illinois, and served that State four years as Inspector-General of the Illinois National Guard.

Donovan, John W., real estate, mortgages and insurance, 360 West One Hundred Twenty-fifth Street, New York City.

Donovan, Richard J., attorney at law, 170 Broadway, New York City.

Donovan, Dr. S. E., New Bedford, Mass.

Donovan, Col. William H., Lawrence, Mass.; commander of the Ninth 266Regiment, M. V. M.; served with the regiment in Cuba during the war with Spain.

Dooley, Michael F., Westminster Street, Providence, R. I., Treasurer-General of the Society and member of the Executive Council, was born in New Britain, Conn., in 1853. His education was obtained in St. John’s College, now Fordham University, from which institution he graduated in 1872. After leaving college, he spent two years in France, and upon his return to this country studied law for a time in the office of former Lieutenant-Governor Sill of Hartford, Conn. Some time after he was elected Chairman of the Board of Tax Assessors, in which capacity he served the city of Hartford for eight years. In 1887 he was appointed National Bank Examiner for Connecticut and Rhode Island, and served until 1890, when he relinquished that office to conduct a brokerage business, in which he continued for three years, when he was again appointed National Bank Examiner and his appointment by Ex-President Cleveland was continued during the succeeding Republican administration. From 1895 to 1899 Mr. Dooley was also Receiver of the First National Bank of Willimantic, resigning in the latter year to become Secretary of the Union Trust Company of Providence, R. I., and in 1906 was made Vice-President of that institution. In April, 1908, he was elected President of the National Exchange Bank of Providence, which position he now holds. Mr. Dooley was married in 1888 to Miss Ellen Cook McManus.

Doran, Patrick L., Synus Utah Grocer Company, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Dordar, John, Forty-first Street and Park Avenue, New York City.

Dorver, Rev. William J., pastor of St. Charles Church, Pittsfield, Mass.

Dowd, Willis B., attorney at law, 141 Broadway, New York City; great-grandson of Cornelius Dowd who came to this country about 1750 and settled in Moore County, N. C., where he became prominent. The family has attained much distinction in North Carolina.

Dowling, Rev. Austin, rector of the Cathedral, Providence, R. I.; a historian and author of much fame.

Dowling, Hon. Victor J., County Court House, Chambers Street, New York City, Justice of the Supreme Court of New York; is the son of Dennis and Eliza Fierlants (Faider) Dowling, and was born July 20th, 1866. Received the degree of A. B. in 1881 from Manhattan College, LL. B. in 1887 from the University of New York, where he took first prize for the best written and best oral examination, being the first student of the university to secure both prizes; M. A. in 1888 at Manhattan College, and LL. D. in 1908 from the New York University Law School. Is a member of the Bar Association of New York State, the Bar Association of the City of New York, the Bibliophile Society of Boston, the American Catholic Historical Society, the United States Catholic Historical Society, the Manhattan Club, Catholic Club, the Democratic Club, Knights of Columbus, Catholic Benevolent Union, and others. He is the author of the very valuable essay entitled, Irish Pioneers in New York, appearing elsewhere in this volume.

Downey, William F., 1622 L Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

267Downing, Bernard, Secretary to the President of the Borough of Manhattan, City Hall, New York City.

Downing, D. P., manager National Biscuit Company, Cambridge, Mass.

Doyle, Alfred L., of John F. Doyle & Sons, real estate agents, brokers and appraisers, 45 William Street, New York City.

Doyle, David A., Katonah, N. Y.; postmaster.

Doyle, James, 455 West Twenty-eighth Street, New York City; present oldest member of the flour trade in New York; member of the New York Produce Exchange from the beginning; member of the board of managers of the Exchange, 1897–1901. He and his son, Mr. Nathaniel Doyle, also a member of the Society, are associated in trade as James Doyle & Company.

Doyle, John F., of John F. Doyle & Sons, 45 William Street, New York City. (Life member of the Society and a member of its Executive Council.) Mr. Doyle is the senior member of the real estate firm of John F. Doyle & Sons. He was born in New York City, 1837, a son of James Doyle, who participated in the Irish revolution of 1798, and who came to the United States early in 1806. This James Doyle, the immigrant, had a son who was killed in the Florida war of 1837, and a grandson who fell in 1861, fighting for the Union. John F. Doyle, the subject of this sketch and member of the Society, entered the law office of Alexander Hamilton, grandson of the first Secretary of the Treasury, afterwards the firm of Hamilton, Rives & Rogers, and remained with them from 1853 to 1869, in the meantime studying law and being admitted to the bar in 1862. Alexander Hamilton, Francis R. Rives, a son of William C. Rives, of Virginia, at one time minister to France and senator, and Nathan Pendleton Rogers, all of the old Revolutionary stock, were members of the firm. Mr. Doyle’s management of some Wall Street properties for them at this period became so conspicuous that he was urged by them to assume the management of their estates, which he did. Shortly afterwards followed the acquisition of the estates of such well-known people as Mrs. Harriet L. Langdon, granddaughter-in-law of the first John Jacob Astor, John Pyne March, Mrs. Morgan L. Livingston, George L. Schuyler, James M. Pendleton, A. Newbold Morris, James H. Jones, John Steward, Jr., Royal Phelps, deceased, Royal Phelps Carroll, Robert S. Minturn, estate of Gertrude L. Lowndes, deceased, William H. King, of Newport, R. I., and others too numerous to mention in detail. A feature of his career as a successful manager lies in the fact that the business associations and connections formed by him in the beginning are still held intact. Among the notable sales made by him are those from William H. Morris to John Jacob Astor in 1880 conveying 150 acres of lots in the twenty-third ward on and adjacent to Harlem River; the great sale of South Brooklyn lots at Gowanus Bay in 1884. Mr. Doyle represents today the same old and well-known families and estates represented by him so many years ago. During his career Mr. Doyle has met and done business with some of the most notable men connected with families famous in American history, such as three of the four sons 268of the first Alexander Hamilton, Admiral Farragut, Capt. Percival Drayton, Rawlins Lowndes, of South Carolina, William C. Rives, U. S. senator from Virginia, at one time minister to France, George L. Schuyler, grandson of Philip Schuyler, and owner of the famous yacht America, Philip Schuyler, his son, Henry Grinnell of Arctic fame, Robert J. and Mortimer Livingston, Hon. John Lee Carroll, Commodore Wm. K. Vanderbilt, and scores of others equally well known, besides representing branches now of four lineal descendants of signers of the Declaration of Independence. His two sons, Col. John F. Doyle, Jr., and Alfred L. Doyle, have been with him in business for years past and all three enjoy an enviable reputation for integrity, ability and prudence in all their undertakings.

Doyle, Col. John F., Jr., of John F. Doyle & Sons, 45 William Street, New York City.

Doyle, Nathaniel, of James Doyle & Company, flour, 455 West Twenty-eighth Street, New York City; member of the board of managers, New York Produce Exchange; member of the New York Club, Fifth Avenue and Thirty-fifth Street; member Veteran Association, Seventh Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y.

Driscoll, Rev. John T., Fonda, N. Y., clergyman, born Albany, N. Y., 1836; educated in schools of that place; graduated Manhattan College, 1885; after studying four years at Troy Theological Seminary, was ordained to the priesthood; took advanced course at Catholic University, S. T. B., S. T. L. (former being first degree conferred by University); for three years taught philosophical branches in Theological Seminary at Brighton, Mass., and for several seasons has been a regular lecturer at Plattsburgh Summer School; author “Christian Philosophy—The Human Soul,” and “Christian Philosophy—God.”

Drummond, M. J., President of M. J. Drummond & Company, 182 Broadway, New York City. Mr. Drummond was born on February 1, 1851, in Jersey City, N. J., and was graduated from De La Salle Institute, New York City. He started in the iron pipe business in 1879, and in 1887 organized, as senior partner, the firm of M. J. Drummond & Company, which has since been incorporated and is one of the most successful iron pipe concerns in the United States. Mr. Drummond has been prominent in the charitable, social and business life of New York for a generation. He is President of M. J. Drummond & Company, of the Shawmut Clay Manufacturing Company, of the Glamorgan Iron Works, of the Nassau County Water Company, and of the Green Island Water Company. As well as being a director of this company, he is a director of the Nassau Union Bank and a trustee and member of the Executive Board of the Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank and the Broadway Trust Company, and he holds membership in the Chamber of Commerce, the New York Athletic Club, the Hardware Club, and the Catholic Club, and was recently President of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.

Dufficy, Peter J., 120 West Fifty-ninth Street, New York City.

269Duffy, Rev. Francis P., St. Joseph’s Seminary, Dunwoodie, Yonkers, N. Y. Professor of Philosophy.

Dunne, F. L., 328 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Dunne, Finley Peter, “Mister Dooley.” Author, journalist and humorist, born Chicago, July 10, 1867; son of Peter and Ellen (Finley) Dunne; educated in Chicago public schools; married, in New York City, December 9, 1902, Margaret Abbott; connected with Chicago newspapers from 1885 to 1899; associate editor American Magazine; Catholic; author of “Mr. Dooley in Peace and in War” (1898); “Mr. Dooley in the Hearts of His Countrymen” (1898); “Mr. Dooley’s Philosophy” (1900); “Mr. Dooley’s Opinions” (1901); “Observations by Mr. Dooley” (1902); “Dissertations by Mr. Dooley” (1906); address, 341 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Duval, C. Louis, 143 Liberty Street, New York City. Warehouse manager.

Dwyer, Thomas, builder, Amsterdam Avenue and One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Street, New York City. (Life member of the Society.)

Dwyer, W. D., 202 Despatch Building, St. Paul, Minn. Chief Counsel of St. Paul City Railway Company.

Editor of “The Rosary Magazine,” Somerset, O. (Life member of the Society.)

Egan, Rev. M. H., St. Bernard’s Church, Keene, N. Y.

Ellard, George W., 180 Lisbon Street, Lewiston, Me.

Elliott, Dr. George W., Immigration Office, Ellis Island, N. Y. He is the duly accredited representative of the Canadian Government at the port of New York, co-operating with the public health and marine hospital service of the United States in connection with the medical examination of aliens passing through the United States immigration station, Ellis Island, destined for all points in the Dominion of Canada. Doctor Elliott is a native of Ireland.

Emmet, J. Duncan, M. D., 103 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Emmet, Robert, Moreton Paddox, Warwick, England.

Emmet, Thomas Addis, M. D., LL. D., 89 Madison Avenue, New York City. (Life member of the Society and a member of the Executive Council.) Grand nephew of the Irish patriot, Robert Emmet.

Enright, Thomas J., attorney at law, 71 Central Street, Lowell, Mass.

Eustace, Hon. Alexander C., of the law firm A. C. & J. P. Eustace, 334 East Water Street, Elmira, N. Y.; during many years past identified as attorney or counsel, with many of the most important litigations before the courts in southern and western New York; was for three years, prior to 1893, President of the New York State Civil Service Commission.

Fahy, Thomas A., attorney at law, 14 South Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Falahee, John J., real estate, 120 West Fifty-ninth Street, New York City.

Fallon, Hon. Joseph D., LL. D., 789 Broadway, South Boston, Mass.; justice of the South Boston Municipal Court; Vice-President, Union Institution for Savings.

Fallon, Hon. Joseph P., 1900 Lexington Avenue, New York City; justice of the Ninth District Municipal Court.

270Farley, Most Rev. John M., D. D., 452 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Farrell, Edward D., 18 West Eighty-sixth Street, New York City. Retired. Member Catholic Club of New York and Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.

Farrell, Leo F., 171 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I. Insurance and brokerage.

Farrell, John F., Brander-Walsh Co., 89 Worth Street, New York City.

Farrell, John T., M. D., 1488 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

Farrell, William J., 115 Maiden Lane, New York City. (Life member of the Society.) Was born on the corner of Sixth Avenue and Waverly Place, New York City, April 27, 1859, of Irish parents, who though born and brought up in Dublin did not meet till they reached New York, where in due course they were married in the old St. Joseph’s Church on lower Sixth Avenue. Mr. Farrell was educated at St. Francis’ College, conducted in Brooklyn by the Franciscan Brothers, and after graduating therefrom obtained a position as clerk with a Spanish firm whose business it was to import corks and corkwood. On the death of his employers he succeeded to the business, which he has carried on ever since, having branch houses in Cataluna and Andalucia. Mr. Farrell acquired a knowledge of the Spanish language, and has made numerous trips to Spain besides several to Cuba and Mexico in his business. He is a member of the Democratic Club, the Catholic Club and the New York Press Club.

Farrelly, Frank T., Springfield News Company, Main Street, Springfield, Mass.

Farrelly, Stephen, American News Company, 39 Chambers Street, New York City. (Life member and member of the Executive Council of the Society.)

Farrelly, T. Charles, American News Company, 39 Chambers Street, New York City.

Feeley, William J., Treasurer of the W. J. Feeley Company, silversmiths and manufacturing jewelers, 203 Eddy Street, Providence, R. I.

Ferguson, Hugh, of Hugh Ferguson & Company, George Street, Charleston, S. C.

Finley, James D., Board of Trade, Norfolk, Va.

Finn, Rev. Thomas J., Box 242, Port Chester, N. Y.

Fitzgerald, Charles, 904 Main Street, Hartford, Conn.

Fitzgerald, Rev. D. W., 9 Pleasant Street, Penacook, N. H.

Fitzgerald, Hon. James, 140 East Seventy-ninth Street, New York City; a justice of the Supreme Court of New York.

Fitzgerald, Hon. William T. A., attorney at law and register of deeds for Suffolk County, Mass. Born in Boston, December 19, 1871; educated in Boston public schools; Quincy Grammar School, 1884; English High School, 1887; Boston University Law School, LL. B., cum laude, 1897; Common Council of Boston, 1897; Committee on Appropriations and Legislative Affairs (chairman); House of Representatives, 1898–1899–1900; Committee on Metropolitan Affairs; Dedication of Massachusetts Monument at Antietam (special); Monitor; Senate, 1901–1902–1903; Committee on Rules, Judiciary; Street Railways; Public Charitable Institutions; 271Liquor Law; Revision of Public Statutes; Libraries; Special Committee on Governor’s Message on Street Railways; member and Vice-President Democratic State Committee; President Democratic City Committee of Boston, 1902–1903–1904–1905; K. of C.; A. O. H.; B. P. O. Elks; Charitable Irish Society (past President); Catholic Union of Boston; Y. M. C. A. Boston College; Boston City Club; U. I. L.; Quincy School Association (past President); Boston Bar Association; elected Register of Deeds for Suffolk County November 6, 1906; address, Court House, Boston, Mass.

Fitzpatrick, Edward, Louisville, Ky., on the staff of the Louisville, Ky., Times; a resident of New Albany, Ind.; member of the committee to select books for the New Albany Public Library; was, from 1878 to 1885, Indiana correspondent of the Louisville Courier-Journal, reporting the Legislature two terms, 1883–’85, for that paper, and at the same time was assistant to the chief clerk in the House of Representatives; was appointed a clerk in the U. S. Q. M. Depot at Jeffersonville, Ind., in 1885, but resigned to re-enter the employ of the Courier-Journal as political reporter in Louisville; was four years on the Louisville Post; returned to the Courier-Journal; was transferred to the Times (the afternoon edition of the Courier-Journal), and has been on that paper for many years past. He is a keen and forceful writer, and is one of the ablest men in American journalism.

Fitzpatrick, Thomas B., senior member of the firm Brown, Durrell & Company, importers and manufacturers, 104 Kingston Street, Boston, Mass.; Rand-McNally Building, Chicago, Ill., and 11–19 West Nineteenth Street, New York City; President of the Union Institution for Savings, Boston, and a director in the United States Trust Company of that city. Is a member of the Executive Council and Vice-President of the Society for Georgia.

Flannery, Capt. John, Savannah, Ga.; of the John Flannery Company, cotton factors and commission merchants; was a non-commissioned officer of the Irish Jasper Greens in garrison at Fort Pulaski, 1861; was later lieutenant and captain, C. S. A., serving under Gen. Joe Johnston and General Hood; became a partner, in 1865, in the cotton firm, L. J. Guilmartin & Company, having a line of steamers from Charleston, S. C., to Palatka, Fla.; bought out the business in 1877; founded the house of John Flannery & Company; became director and President of the Southern Bank of the State of Georgia; is ex-President of the Southern Cotton Exchange; captain, 1872–’98, of the Jasper Greens.

Flynn, Col. David M., Princeton, N. J., is cashier of the First National Bank of Princeton. He is probably the youngest officer in the National Guard of New Jersey to hold the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, being only thirty-three years of age, born in Princeton in 1876. In the Guard, as well as in business life, Colonel Flynn has come up from the ranks. He was one of the moving spirits in the organization of Company L of the Second Regiment, which has distinguished itself on the rifle range at Sea Girt. He enlisted in the company as a private in 1900; was made 272a corporal in 1901, battalion sergeant-major in 1903; re-enlisted in 1905; was made captain and paymaster of the Second Brigade by Colonel Collins December 10, 1906; major and paymaster, Second Brigade, December 10, 1907, and major and inspector of small arms practice, July 9, 1908. Colonel Flynn’s success in a business way has been as remarkable and gratifying as his military success. Owing to the death of his father, he began work in a store at the age of thirteen, where by his industry and integrity he attracted attention to himself. He studied at night, and when nineteen years of age passed a United States civil service examination, and was named registry clerk in the Princeton postoffice, which position he held until about ten years ago, when he was chosen teller of the First National Bank. Later he was made cashier of the bank and he has more than made good. Since his connection with the bank the number of depositors has more than tripled and the deposits have more than doubled. Colonel Flynn possesses an attribute valuable in all walks of life, but more especially in the banking world—he has never touched liquor of any kind. He is Treasurer of the Citizens’ Association, Treasurer of the Princeton Militia Company, Treasurer of the Princeton Fish and Game Association, chairman of the Committee on Collections of the New Jersey Bankers’ Association, Past Grand Knight of the Knights of Columbus and is publisher of the Bankers’ Loose Leaf Discount Ledger.

Fogarty, James A., 264 Blatchley Avenue, New Haven, Conn., recently a police commissioner of New Haven.

Fogarty, Jeremiah W., Assessing Department, Registry of Deeds, City Hall, Boston, Mass.

Ford, Hon. John, County Court House, Chambers Street, New York City; Justice of the Supreme Court of New York, Ex-State Senator; member of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.

Gaffney, Hon. T. St. John, attorney at law; member of the French Legion of Honor; 41 Riverside Drive, New York City; is now U. S. Consul-General, Dresden, Germany; Vice-President of the Society for Germany.

Gallagher, Daniel P., 27 East Twenty-second Street, New York City; iron manufacturer.

Gallagher, James, Cleveland, N. Y., attorney at law; born in Coxsackie, N. Y., January 17, 1853; son of Michael and Ann (McCracken) Gallagher; educated in the public schools, Assumption Academy, Utica, N. Y.; married January 2, 1883, Frances Busan; one child, William M. (born February 16, 1886). Supervisor of town and President of village of Cleveland, N. Y.; member of State and County Bar Associations; was President of the board of education for more than 20 years. Address: Cleveland, N. Y.

Gallagher, Patrick, contractor and builder, 11 East Fifty-ninth Street, New York City. (Life member of the Society.)

Gamble, Hon. Robert Jackson, Washington, D. C., United States Senator from South Dakota.

Gannon, Frank S., 251 West End Avenue, New York City; railroads.

273Garrigan, Rt. Rev. Philip J., D. D., bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Sioux City, Iowa; Vice-President of the Society for Iowa.

Garrity, P. H., 221 Bank Street, Waterbury, Conn.

Garvan, Hon. Edward J., 36 Pearl Street, Hartford, Conn., Attorney-at-Law and Judge of the Hartford Police Court.

Garvan, Hon. Francis P., Assistant District Attorney, 23 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Garvan, Hon. Patrick, 236 Farmington Avenue, Hartford, Conn. (A life member of the Society and a member of the Executive Council.) He was born in Ireland March 8, 1836, and came to this country in May, 1851, and since 1852 has resided in Hartford. At the age of twenty-one Mr. Garvan began his business career as a contractor and builder and continued at the same for a period of twenty-one years. Many of the public buildings and churches east of the Connecticut River were built by him during this time. He was also a partner in a paper and paper stock business carried on in Hartford under the name of E. J. Carroll & Company. From 1877 to 1906, having purchased the interest of Mr. Carroll, he conducted under his own name a paper and paper stock business exclusively. In 1906 the business was incorporated under the name of P. Garvan, Inc., and is at the present time carried on under that name. It has grown to such proportion that at the present time it occupies four warehouses on State Street in Hartford, with offices at 205 and 207 State Street, and one large storage plant at Holyoke, Mass. Recently the firm has opened offices at 261 Broadway, New York City, and its interests are cared for by Thomas F. Garvan, who has been associated with his father for eighteen years. Mr. Garvan is also identified with several mills, being President of the Eastern Straw Board Company at Versailles, Conn., Hartford Board Company of Hartford, Conn., and the Newington Paper Company of Newington, Conn. Three of his sons, Thomas F., Edward J., and John S., are associated in business with him. Mr. Garvan has always been a staunch Republican. During his residence in East Hartford he held many positions of honor and trust, having been chairman of the School Board of that town for twelve years; was President of both Village Improvement and Street Lighting Associations; trustee and Treasurer of the Raymond Library, and for several years chairman of the Republican Town Committee. In 1884 he represented the town in the House of Representatives, and was re-elected as its first representative in 1885, serving as chairman of the School Fund Committee of that year, and as a member of the Finance Committee in 1884. In 1890 he was elected State Senator from the Second Senatorial District by the largest Republican majority given any candidate in this district up to that time. For some years previous to 1894 he was a member of the Republican State Central Committee from the Second District, but resigned that office upon his removal to Hartford. He was selected by the Connecticut Convention as a delegate to the Republican Convention at Chicago which nominated President Taft. When the Park Department of this city was reorganized, the Legislature provided for the appointment of a commission to have 274sole charge of this important work. Mr. Garvan was named as one of the commissioners for the term of ten years. The Board of Park Commissioners particularly entrusted to Commissioner Garvan the purchase of lands for and the development of Riverside Park. In 1898, as President of this board, he delivered the dedicatory address at the services attending the opening of Riverside Park to the public. This park has become one of the most useful pleasure grounds in this city, giving, as it does, a place of recreation and rest for the poorer classes and children of the East Side. Mr. Garvan has always taken a great interest in educational matters, three of his sons having graduated from Yale University and his daughters having finished their educations abroad. Two of his sons entered the profession of law, Frank P. Garvan, the present Assistant District Attorney of New York, and Edward J. Garvan, who was Judge of the Hartford Police Court for five years. The latter is now identified with his father’s business interests. Mr. Garvan enjoys the respect and esteem of a very wide circle of friends and acquaintances, not only throughout the State of Connecticut, but wherever his large business interests extend. He is a self-made, practical business man, cautious, conservative and strictly honorable in all his dealings, and through his native genius and his untiring energy he has been uniformly successful in all his business affairs. He is now a director of St. Francis Hospital, director of the State Bank and the Riverside Trust Company; is a trustee of the Society for Savings at Hartford and of the Cathedral parish, Hartford. In January, 1861, Mr. Garvan married Miss Mary A. Carroll of East Hartford, and ten children were born to them, eight of whom, four sons and four daughters, are living at the present time. His wife died in September, 1906.

Gelshenen, William H., 100 William Street, New York City.

Geoghegan, Charles A., 537–539 West Broadway, New York City.

Geoghegan, Joseph, Salt Lake City, Utah. (Life member of the Society and its Vice-President for Utah.) Vice-President of the board of education, Salt Lake City; director of the Utah National Bank; director of the Utah Loan and Building Association; director of the Butler Liberal Manufacturing Company, all three concerns of Salt Lake City; also, director in many other corporations. He is general agent in Utah for Swift & Company of Chicago; Borden’s Condensed Milk Company of New York; the American Can Company of New York, and the Pennsylvania Salt Mfg. Company of Philadelphia. He is broker for the following: The Western Sugar Refining Company of San Francisco, Cal.; the Utah Sugar Company of Lehi, Utah; the Amalgamated Sugar Company of Ogden, Utah; the Idaho Sugar Company of Idaho Falls, Idaho, and the Fremont County Sugar Company of Sugar City, Idaho.

Geoghegan, Joseph G., 20 East Seventy-third Street, New York City. (Life member of the Society.)

Geoghegan, Walter F., 537–539 West Broadway, New York City.

Gibbons, John T., merchant, corner of Poydras and South Peters streets, 275New Orleans, La.; brother of Cardinal Gibbons. (Life member of the Society.)

Gibbons, Peter J., M. D., 49 Park Avenue, New York City.

Gilday, Walter C., M. D., 44 West Thirty-seventh Street, New York City, was born January 22, 1871, in the town of Cherry Valley, N. Y., of Irish parentage; graduated from the Albany Medical College in 1894; Lecturer on General Surgery in the New York Polyclinic Medical School; attending surgeon St. Elizabeth’s Hospital; Fellow New York Academy of Medicine; member American Medical Association, State Medical Society, County Medical Society; member New York Athletic Club and New York Republican Club.

Gillespie, George J., of the law firm Gillespie & O’Connor, 56 Pine Street, New York City; trustee, Catholic Summer School (Cliff Haven); member of the board of managers of the N. Y. Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum; Vice-President of the Particular Council, Society of St. Vincent de Paul, New York City; member of the N. Y. Board of Education; recently tax commissioner of the City of New York. (Life member of the Society.)

Gilman, John E., 43 Hawkins Street, Boston, Mass.; has been adjutant-general on the staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Grand Army of the Republic. In August, 1862, Mr. Gilman enlisted in Co. E., Twelfth Massachusetts Infantry (Webster Regiment), and participated in campaigns under Generals Pope, McClellan, Burnside, Hooker and Meade up to the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., where, on July 2, 1863, his right arm was shot off near the shoulder. Securing his discharge from the army on September 28, 1863, he returned to Boston. In 1864, he entered the service of the State and served in various departments until 1883, when he was made settlement clerk of the directors of Public Institutions of Boston. He was appointed soldiers’ relief commissioner, April 2, 1901. He has been a comrade of Posts 14, 7 and 26, G. A. R., since 1868, being commander of the latter post in 1888. He was department inspector of the Massachusetts G. A. R. in 1895; junior vice-commander in 1896; senior vice-commander in 1897; delegate-at-large in 1898; and department commander in 1899.

Gilpatric, Walter J., Saco, Me., was born in Lyman, York County, Maine, March 3, 1869, and since 1876 has resided in Saco. Is a lawyer, and has served the city at various times as city solicitor, tax collector and member of the city council, and was elected alderman in March, 1909. Is a Democrat; has served on the Democratic State Committee for twelve years, and was delegate from the First Congressional District to the National Democratic Convention at Denver, Colorado, July, 1908. Is agent of the Biddeford and Saco Water Company and of York Light and Heat Company at Old Orchard, Me., since March, 1901. Is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution. Mr. Gilpatric is a descendant of Thomas and Margaret Gilpatrick, who emigrated from Colerain, Ireland, in 1724 and settled in Biddeford, Me., and who had nine grandsons in the Revolutionary War.

Goff, Hon. John W., Recorder’s Chambers, New York City.

276Gorman, Capt. Dennis J., assessors’ office, City Hail, Boston, Mass.

Gorman, John F., attorney at law, Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

Gorman, William, attorney at law, Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.; member of the Pennsylvania Bar Association, the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, the American Academy of Social and Political Science; the Alumni Association of the University of Pennsylvania, and other organizations. He is officially connected with the Commonwealth Title Insurance and Trust Company of Philadelphia. (Life member of the Society and a member of the Executive Council.)

Grainger, J. V., Wilmington, N. C., First Vice-President of Murchison National Bank.

Griffin, John C., insurance, Skowhegan, Me.

Griffin, Martin Ignatius Joseph, editor and publisher; born in Philadelphia, October 23, 1842; son of Terrence J. Griffin, “the Free Soil Baker,” of Philadelphia. Mr. Griffin received his education in private, parochial and public schools. He married, in Philadelphia, October 2, 1870, Mary A. E. McMullen. He was editor of The Guardian Angel, 1867–’70; associate editor Catholic Standard, 1870–’73; proprietor and editor of the Journal of the Irish Catholic Benevolent Union, 1872–1903; and of Griffin’s Journal, 1894–1900. Delegate to several of the State Prohibition Conventions and the National Convention at Cincinnati in 1892. He has been proprietor and editor of the American Catholic Historical Researches since 1886; and was founder of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia, 1884. Mr. Griffin is author of “Catholicity in Philadelphia”; “The Trial of John Ury”; “The History of Commodore John Barry”; “Commodore John Barry, the Record of His Career as Father of the American Navy, 1903”; “Life of Thomas Fitz-Simons, the Catholic Signer of the Constitution of the United States”; “Life of General Stephen Moylan,” and other works. Residence, 1935 North Eleventh Street, Philadelphia.

Griffin, Patrick Francis, 322 West Seventy-seventh Street, New York City. Clothier and designer.

Griffin, Rt. Rev. Mgr. Thomas, D. D., St. John’s presbytery, 44 Temple Street, Worcester, Mass.

Guilfoile, Francis P., attorney at law, Waterbury, Conn.

Haggerty, J. Henry, of the Haggerty Refining Company, oils, 50 South Street, New York City.

Halley, Charles V., 756 East One Hundred and Seventy-fifth Street, New York City.

Halloran, John H., 213 Sixth Avenue, New York City.

Haltigan, Patrick J., editor, The Hibernian, Washington, D. C.; author of several historical works.

Hannan, Hon. John, mayor of Ogdensburg, N. Y.; President of the Ogdensburg Coal and Towing Company, 44 and 46 Water Street.

Hanrahan, John D., M. D., Rutland, Vt., a native of County Limerick, Ireland; was graduated in medicine from the University of the City of New York, 1867; in June, 1861, he was, on examination (not having 277graduated), appointed surgeon in the United States Navy, and served through the entire Civil War. The vessels on which he served did duty mostly on the rivers of Virginia and North Carolina, where he served with the army as well as the navy, thereby having the benefit and experience of both branches of the service, especially in the surgical line. In August, 1863, the vessel on which he was serving was captured at the mouth of the Rappahannock River and all on board made prisoners. They were taken overland to Richmond where they were confined in Libby Prison. At that time the Confederates were very short of surgeons and medical supplies, and he was asked if he would go over to Belle Island and attend the Union prisoners. After consulting his fellow-prisoners he consented, and for six weeks he attended the sick and wounded Union prisoners faithfully, under very great disadvantages, as the appliances were very limited. After that he was paroled. While a prisoner of war he was treated with the greatest courtesy and consideration by the medical staff and officers of the Confederacy. After the close of the war he was settled in New York City, but for nearly forty years has been a resident of Rutland, Vt. He was town and city physician of Rutland for many years. He was appointed surgeon of the Third Vermont Regiment, 1871, by Governor Stewart; was the first President of the Rutland County Medical and Surgical Society; has been a director and consulting surgeon of the Rutland (Vt.) Hospital; consulting surgeon to the Fanny Allen Hospital, Winooski, Vt.; a member of the Vermont Sanitary Association, and a member of the Vermont Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis; President of Rutland Village two years and trustee eight years; county commissioner one year; President, United States pension examining board four years under President Cleveland, and President of the same board four years under President Harrison. He was postmaster of Rutland during the second term of President Cleveland. He has since its organization been an active member of the G. A. R.; surgeon of Roberts Post, the largest in Vermont; has served three terms as medical director of the Department; served on the staffs of three commanders-in-chief—Veasy, Palmer and Weissert; a member of Commander-in-Chief Stewart’s staff. Doctor Hanrahan is the author of several medical papers, has performed many surgical operations, and has served through several epidemics of smallpox and diphtheria. He was a delegate to the Democratic National conventions of 1884, 1888, and chairman of the Vermont delegation to the National Convention of 1892. Also a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in St. Louis, 1904, and to the Ancient Order of Hibernians convention in St. Louis, July 19, 1904. Is Vice-President of the Society for Vermont.

Harkins, Rt. Rev. Matthew, D. D., Roman Catholic Bishop of Providence, 30 Fenner Street, Providence, R. I.

Harrison, Hon. Alexander, Hartford, Conn., recently mayor of Hartford.

Harrington, Rev. J. C., rector of St. Joseph’s Church, Greene Street, Lynn, Mass.

Harrington, Rev. John M., Orono, Me.

278Harris, Hon. Charles N., 31 East Forty-ninth Street, New York City. City Magistrate.

Harson, M. Joseph, 200 Broadway, New York City.

Harty, John F., Savannah, Ga., of Seiler & Harty, insurance agents.

Hassett, Hon. Thomas, 299 Broadway, New York City; was born in Bath, Steuben County, New York, February 7, 1865, and is a graduate of Haverling High School of that place. Is Secretary of the New York Board of Water Supply. (Life member of the Society.)

Hayes, Hon. Nicholas J., Sheriff, County of New York, 299 Broadway, New York City.

Hayes, Col. Patrick E., Pawtucket, R. I.

Healy, David, 70 Jane Street, New York City; U. S. Immigration service.

Healy, John F., general manager of the Davis Colliery Company, Elkins, W. Va. Vice-President of the Society for West Virginia.

Healy, Richard, department store; residence 188 Institute Road, Worcester, Mass.

Hendrick, Hon. Peter A., Justice of the Supreme Court of New York, County Court House, Chambers Street, New York City.

Hennessey, Michael E., on the staff of the Daily Globe, Boston, Mass.; a newspaper man of wide experience and exceptional ability.

Henry, Charles T., 120 Liberty Street, New York City.

Henry, Dr. Frank C., 260 State Street, Perth Amboy, N. J.

Henry, J. P., M. D., 329 West Fifty-eighth Street, New York City.

Herbert, Victor, musician, composer; born in Dublin, Ireland, February 1, 1859; grandson of Samuel Lover, the popular Irish novelist; educated by private tutors in Germany; musical education covered complete range, but he specialized in the violoncello and solo ’cellist in the Court Orchestra of the Kingdom of Wurtemberg, at Stuttgart and en tour in various European cities. In that capacity came to New York City, 1886, as solo ’cellist at Metropolitan Opera House; afterward appeared in same capacity with the leading orchestras; when Gilmore died and the question of securing a conductor for the Twenty-second Regiment Band who would be a worthy successor of the famous leader became important, he was chosen leader, and has held the position for twelve years. Was for some time conductor of the Pittsburgh Orchestra, and for the past few years has been at the head of his own New York organization. Author of many comic operas, including “Prince Ananias,” “The Ameer,” “Babes in Toyland,” “It Happened in Nordland,” etc.; of the cantata, “The Captive,” and of numerous compositions for band and orchestra as well as many vocal numbers. Is a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. His grandfather either wrote or first set to music the famous song, The Low Back Car. Address, 321 West One Hundred and Eighth Street, New York City.

Hernan, J. J., Coronado, Cal.

Hickey, James G., manager of the United States Hotel, Boston, Mass. (Life member of the Society.)

279Hickey, John J., plumbing contractor, 8 East One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Street, New York City.

Hickey, Rev. William A., Clinton, Mass.

Hiers, James Lawton, M. D., Savannah, Ga., ophthalmologist, otologist and laryngologist; is connected with Park View Sanatarium, Bethesda Orphan Home and St. Mary’s Home, all of Savannah; assistant surgeon-general Uniform Rank, Knights of Pythias; member American Medical Association, councillor and ex-Vice-President Medical Association of Georgia, ex-President Chatham County Medical Society, ex-President Alumni Society Medical Department of the University of Georgia, ex-President State Sociological Society and member First Congressional District Medical Society. Is also a member of the Hibernian Society of Savannah, Ga.

Higgins, Francis, Manhattan Club, Twenty-sixth Street and Madison Avenue, New York City. Retired merchant.

Higgins, James J., 85 Court Street, Elizabeth, N. J.

Hill, William E., 23 Greene Street, New York City.

Hoban, Rt. Rev. M. J., D. D., Scranton, Pa., Bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Scranton.

Hoey, James J., real estate, insurance and surety bonds, 206 Broadway, New York City.

Hogan, John J., Director of the Lowell Trust Company, 53 Central Street, Lowell, Mass.

Hogan, Hon. John W., attorney at law, 4 Weybosset Street, Providence, R. I.; recently a candidate for Congress; ex-member, General Assembly.

Holland, John P., 11 William Street, East Orange, N. J.; inventor of the submarine torpedo boat.

Horigan, Hon. Cornelius, 229 and 231 Main Street, Biddeford, Me.; Treasurer of the Andrews & Horigan Company; a member of the Legislature of Maine.

Howlett, John, 49 Portland Street, Boston, Mass.

Hughes, Martin, attorney at law, Hibbing, Minn.

Hughes, Patrick L., 466 Pleasant Street, Winthrop, Mass.

Hurley, James H., Union Trust Company Building, Providence, R. I.; manager of the real estate department, G. L. & H. J. Gross.

Hurley, John E., 63 Washington Street, Providence, R. I.; Vice-President and superintendent of the Remington Printing Company; President, in 1904, of the Rhode Island Master Printers’ Association.

Hurley, Hon. John F., Mayor of Salem, Salem, Mass.

Innd, Thomas C., Restaurateur, 42 John Street, New York City.

Jameson, W. R., 1786 Bathgate Avenue, Bronx, New York City.

Jenkinson, Richard C., 678 High Street, Newark, N. J.; of R. C. Jenkinson & Company, manufacturers of metal goods; candidate for mayor of Newark in 1901; was President of the Newark Board of Trade in 1898–’99 and 1900; has been a director in the Newark Gas Company; was President of the New Jersey Commission to the Pan-American Exposition, and one of the Vice-Presidents of the Exposition, representing the State of New Jersey by appointment of Governor Voorhees.

280Jennings, Michael J., 753 Third Avenue, New York City.

Johnson, Alfred J., Deputy Sheriff, 14 Central Park West, New York City.

Johnson, James G., of James G. Johnson & Company, 649, 651, 653 and 655 Broadway, New York City.

Jordan, Michael J., attorney at law, 42 Court Street, Boston, Mass.; Vice-President of the Society for Massachusetts.

Joyce, Bernard J., 45 Grove Avenue, Winthrop Highlands, Boston, Mass.

Joyce, Henry L., 143 Liberty Street, New York City. (Life member of the Society.) Manager of the Marine Department of the Central Railroad of New Jersey.

Joyce, John Jay, 47 Macdougal Street, New York City.

Joyce, Michael J., attorney at law, 51 Chambers Street, New York City; member of the firm of Joyce & Hoff.

Judge, John H., attorney at law, 259 Broadway, New York City.

Keane, Most Rev. John J., D. D., Dubuque, Ia.; Archbishop of the Roman Catholic archdiocese of Dubuque.

Kearney, James, attorney at law, 220 Broadway, New York City.

Kearns, Philip J., 2311 Concourse, Bronx, New York City. Contractor.

Keating, Patrick M., of the law firm, Keating & Brackett, Pemberton Building, Boston, Mass.

Keefe, Patrick H., M. D., 257 Benefit Street, Providence, R. I.

Keefe, Rev. William A., Norwich, Conn.

Keenan, John J., Public Library, Copley Square, Boston, Mass.

Keenan, Thomas J., attorney at law, Binghamton, N. Y.; member of the law firm of Curtiss, Arms & Keenan.

Kehoe, John F., 26 Broadway, New York City; officially connected with many corporations. (Life member of the Society.)

Kelley, James Douglas Jerrold, 25 East Eighty-third Street, New York City; Commander, United States Navy.

Kelleher, Daniel, 1116 Spring Street, Seattle, Washington; member of the law firm of Bausman & Kelleher, Alaska Building, Seattle, and director of the Seattle National Bank, Bank for Savings and State Bank of Seattle.

Kelly, Daniel E., attorney at law, Salyer Block, Valparaiso, Ind.

Kelly, Eugene, Templecourt Building, New York City.

Kelly, Gertrude B., M. D., 130 East Twenty-seventh Street, New York City.

Kelly, John Forrest, Ph. D., Pittsfield, Mass.; born near Carrick-on-Suir, Ireland. He was educated in Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J., received the degree of B. L. in 1878 and that of Ph. D. in 1881. His first occupation was as assistant to Thomas A. Edison, in Menlo Park laboratory, his work then principally relating to the chemistry of rare earths. Late in 1879 Mr. Kelly became electrical engineer of the New York branch of the Western Electric Company. This was the time when the telephone was being generally introduced, and when dynamos were being first applied to telegraphic purposes. In the construction and installment of instruments for telegraphy and telephones and of such measuring instruments as were then known, Mr. Kelly received a thorough training. In 1882 he became laboratory assistant to Edward Weston, then 281chief electrician of the United States Electric Lighting Company, and, with the exception of a year which he spent in connection with the Remingtons, Mr. Kelly continued his association with Mr. Weston until July, 1886. Some of the most important work, such as the research which ended in the discovery of high resistance alloys of very low or even negative temperature co-efficients, were substantially carried out by Mr. Kelly under general directions from Mr. Weston, whom Mr. Kelly succeeded as chief electrician of the United States Electric Lighting Company, which, in 1889, passed to the Westinghouse interests; but Mr. Kelly retained his position as chief electrician until January, 1892, when he resigned to join William Stanley in experimental work. The work done by Mr. Kelly, in this connection, gave a great impetus to the alternating current business. Mr. Kelly’s inventive work is partially represented by eighty patents. The art of building transformers and generators of alternating currents was revolutionized, and Mr. Kelly and his colleagues were the first to put polyphase motors into actual commercial service. That success naturally led to long-distance transmission work, and the first long-distance transmission plants in California (indeed the first in the world), were undertaken on Mr. Kelly’s recommendation and advice. He was the first to make a hysteretically stable steel, a matter of vastly more importance than the comparatively spectacular transmission work. Mr. Kelly at present occupies the position of President of the John F. Kelly Engineering Company, President of the Cokel Company and President of the Telelectric Company, as well as President of the Conchas River Power Company and director of the Southwestern Exploration Company. The Cokel Company is organized to exploit the invention of Mr. E. W. Cooke, by means of which foodstuffs may be perfectly dehydrated, losing on the average ninety per cent in weight. Foods dehydrated by this process, although free from all chemical preservatives, are entirely stable, and yet preserve their pristine freshness through extremes of temperature, and when served are indistinguishable from fresh foods of the ordinary type. The Telelectric Company is organized for the manufacture of electric piano players, which are either entirely automatic or entirely controllable at will. Mr. Kelly was married to Miss Helen Fischer, in New York City, in 1892, and they have two children—Eoghan and Domnall. Mr. Kelly is a thorough and unswerving Irish Nationalist, and his splendid generosity to the cause is well-known.

Kelly, Joseph Thomas, was born at Enniskeen, County Cavan, Ireland, January 3, 1887, and is the son of William and Anne (O’Connor) Kelly. Removed in August, 1893, to New Haven, Conn.; in October, 1895, to Union City, Conn.; in April, 1900, returned to New Haven. Educated in Irish National Schools and in the public and parochial schools of the United States; was graduated in 1903 from Hillhouse High School, New Haven. In July, 1903, entered the employ of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company as a stenographer; and is at present Secretary to the general counsel of that company. Member, Loyal Council No. 30, Knights of Columbus. Residence, 275 Lombard Street; office, 282Law Department, N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Company, New Haven, Conn.

Kelly, Michael F., M. D., Fall River, Mass.

Kelly, P. J., Vice-President of the Hans-Kelly Company, Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Kelly, Thomas, M. D., 357 West Fifty-seventh Street, New York City.

Kelly, T. P., 544 West Twenty-second Street, New York City; of T. P. Kelly & Company, manufacturers of black leads, foundry facings, supplies, etc.

Kelly, William J., 9 Dove Street, Newburyport, Mass.

Kelly, William J., insurance, 3 Market Square, Portsmouth, N. H.

Kenah, John F., city clerk, Elizabeth, N. J. Vice-President of the Society for New Jersey.

Kennedy, Charles F., Brewer, Me.

Kennedy, Daniel, of the Kennedy Valve Manufacturing Company, Coxsackie, N. Y., 197 Berkeley Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Kennedy, Hon. M. F., 32 Broad Street, Charleston, S. C., is in the real estate and brokerage business; was born in Charleston September 26th, 1844, and his parents came from Tipperary, Ireland; was educated in the local schools; served in the Confederate Army in the War of the Rebellion; elected in 1882 to the South Carolina Legislature and re-elected in 1884, serving for four years in the House of Representatives; has been thirty years in the real estate and insurance business, commencing in 1879 with his brother, Patrick H. Kennedy, since deceased. Is Secretary and Treasurer of the Hibernian Mutual Insurance Company, and is a member of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Hibernian Society of Charleston, St. Patrick’s Benevolent Society, Supreme Lodge of the Knights of Honor, Supreme Lodge of the Catholic Knights of America, ex-Grand Dictator of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina Knights of Honor, and Grand Master Workman of the Ancient Order of United Workmen of the Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. Mr. Kennedy was also a member of the great Land League Congress, held at Philadelphia in 1882, and acted on most of the important committees, representing the local organizations of Charleston.

Kenney, David T., mechanical engineer, Plainfield, N. J.

Kenney, James W., Park Brewery, Terrace Street, Roxbury, Mass.; Vice-President and director, Federal Trust Company, Boston, Mass.

Kenney, John J., attorney at law; born in New York City, March 2, 1858; son of Patrick and Mary (Hogan) Kenney; educated in the public schools and private schools of Staten Island and New York City Law School of New York University; married in New Brighton, Staten Island, September 6, 1893, Anna H. Crabtree; children: Mary Mildred (12); Anna Ruth (10). Served seven years as justice of the Municipal Court of the City of New York; now district attorney of Richmond County. President of the New Brighton Co-operative Savings and Loan Association; director of the Richmond County Agricultural Society; Democrat. Roman Catholic. Address, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.

Kenney, Thomas, 143 Summer Street, Worcester, Mass.

283Kenney, Thomas F., M. D., formerly of Vienna, Austria, 9 High Street, Worcester, Mass. Vice-President of the Society for Austria.

Kenny, W. J. K., 44 Broad Street, New York City.

Keough, Peter L., 41 Arch Street, Pawtucket, R. I.

Kerby, John E., architect, 481 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Kerwin, Gen. Michael, United States Pension Agent, New York City, residence, Broadway Central Hotel.

Kiernan, Patrick, 265 West Forty-third Street, New York City.

Kiggen, John A., 125 West Street, Hyde Park, Mass.

Kilkenny, Thomas F., 43 Sabin Street, Providence, R. I., manager of Capron Company, manufacturing jewellers; residence, East Greenwich, R. I.

Kilroy, Philip, M. D., Springfield, Mass.

Kinsley, William Joseph, son of Thomas and Mary (Hughes) Kinsley; born Blackstone, Worcester County, Mass., Aug. 27, 1865; educated in public schools of Worcester County, Mass., and Woonsocket, R. I., and Providence Bryant & Stratton Business College, and the National College of Commerce, Philadelphia. From 1885 to 1901 he taught penmanship, commercial branches, correspondence, commercial law, etc., in Eastman College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and the Western Normal College, Shenandoah, Iowa. In 1891 was a partner in the shoe manufacturing business of H. J. Putnam & Company, Minneapolis, Minn.; 1892–4, Secretary and Treasurer of the Western Normal College, Lincoln, Neb.; 1894–1901, editor of Penman’s Art Journal, New York, and since 1894 expert in questioned documents—handwriting, typewriting, ink and paper. He has had 900 cases in 27 states of the United States, and in Canada, among the more famous being the Molineaux, Dr. Kennedy and Patrick murder cases in New York, Tucker murder case in Cambridge, Mass., Hutchinson will case in New Orleans, Davis will case in San Francisco. In 1895 Mr. Kinsley was President of the Western Penmen’s Association, a national organization meeting that year in Chicago; 1897–9, he was President of the New York Commercial Teachers’ Association. He is a poultry and pigeon fancier and prominent exhibitor at the leading shows. He is Vice-President of the International Carneau (Pigeon) Association, and Secretary-Treasurer of the American Pigmy Pouter (Pigeon) Association. With his wife (nee Elvira Gertrude Rose) and two children, he lives in a charming home in Nutley, N. J., a beautiful suburb of New York.

Kinsela, John F., 509 Gorham Street, Lowell, Mass.

Knights of St. Patrick, San Francisco, Cal. (Life membership.) Care of John Mulhern, Twenty-fifth and Hampshire streets, San Francisco.

Lamson, Col. Daniel S., Weston, Mass.; Lieutenant-Colonel commanding Sixteenth Regiment (Mass.), 1861; A. A. G., Norfolk, 1862; served on staff of General Hooker; is a member of the Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the American Revolution, and Military Order of the Loyal Legion; one of his ancestors landed at Ipswich, Mass., in 1632, and received a grant of 350 acres; another ancestor, Samuel, of Reading, Mass., participated in King Philip’s War and had a son in the expedition of 1711. Another member of the family, Samuel of Weston, commanded a 284company at Concord, Mass., April 19, 1775, and was major and colonel of the Third Middlesex Regiment for many years, dying in 1795.

Lannon, Joseph F., of Jos. F. Lannon & Company, general merchandise, 68 Main Street, Susquehanna, Pa.

Lavelle, John, Inquiry Division, Postoffice, 3148 West Forty-fourth Street, S. W., Cleveland, O. Vice-President of the Society for Ohio.

Lawler, James G., manager American Car & Foundry Company, St. Charles, Mo.

Lawler, John F., City Sergeant, Norfolk, Va.

Lawler, Joseph A., 308 West Fourteenth Street, New York City.

Lawler, Thomas B., 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City; of Ginn & Company, publishers; member of the American Oriental Society and of the Archæological Society of America; Librarian and Archivist of the Society.

Lawless, Hon. Joseph T., attorney at law, Norfolk, Va.; recently Secretary of State, Virginia; now a colonel on the staff of the governor of Virginia.

Lawlor, Thomas F., attorney at law, 65 Bank Street, Waterbury, Conn.

Leahy, John S., attorney at law, 807 Carleton Building, St. Louis, Mo.

Leahy, Matthew W., 257 Franklin Street, New Haven, Conn.

Leary, Jeremiah D., 131 Clark Place, Elizabeth, N. J.

Lee, Hon. Lawrence P., was born in Dublin, Ireland, March 17, 1860; graduated from St. Johns College, Fordham, N. Y., in 1886, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In 1892 the College of St. Francis Xavier, New York City, conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts; Treasurer of the U. S. Immigration Service, Ellis Island, since 1895. Resides 348 West Twentieth Street, New York City.

Lee, Hon. Thomas Z., of the law firm of Barney & Lee, Industrial Trust Building, Providence, R. I.; Secretary-General of the Society.

Lenehan, Rev. B. C., V. G., Fort Dodge, Iowa.

Lenehan, John J., of the law firm Lenehan & Dowley, 71 Nassau Street, New York City. (Life member of the Society.) Chairman Committee on Membership and member of Executive Council.

Lenihan, Rt. Rev. M. C., Bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Great Falls, Mont. Vice-President of the Society for Montana.

Lennox, George W., manufacturer, Haverhill, Mass.

Leonard, Peter F., 343 Harvard Street, Cambridge, Mass.

Leslie, Charles J., attorney at law, 566 West One Hundred and Sixty-first Street, New York City.

Leslie, Warren, attorney at law, 165 Broadway, New York City.

Linehan, Rev. T. P., Biddeford, Me.

Lonergan, Thomas S., 408 East One Hundred and Forty-ninth Street, New York City, was born in Mitchelstown, Ireland, in the year 1864. He received his early educational training from the Christian Brothers in his native town and at St. Colman’s College, Fermoy. From early boyhood he exhibited tokens of more than ordinary talents. He was fond of books, particularly those on ancient and modern history, literature and biography. He is today probably one of the best read men in Anglo-Irish literature and Irish history in America; but he is by no means less informed on the 285history, literature and politics of his adopted country, for he is an American to the very backbone, and is proud of his citizenship. He came to America in 1883, and lost no time in becoming a full-fledged American citizen, immediately after which he affiliated himself with the Democratic party. He had only been a citizen two weeks when, during the presidential campaign of 1888, he was placed on the list of campaign speakers by the Democratic State Committee of New York. In the early nineties, he was an expert debater in the leading literary societies of New York. Previous to that, he was a member of the Young Men’s Congress of Boston. He is also a writer and lecturer of ability. His lectures on “Christian Education,” “The Golden Age of Ireland,” “Charles Carroll, of Carrollton,” “The American Stage,” “General Thomas Francis Meagher,” “Irishmen in the American Revolution,” “Jefferson and Lincoln,” “The Catholic Chapter in American History,” “The Irish Renaissance,” “St. Brendan, America’s First Discoverer,” “Christian Democracy,” “Wendell Phillips,” “Socialism and Individualism” and “Newfoundland and Her People,” are masterpieces. His eulogy on Leo XIII is a classic. Mr. Lonergan has been with the New York World for the past fifteen years, and is at present manager of the Bronx office. He possesses not only literary but executive abilities of a high order. During his residence in the Bronx he has made hosts of friends and is well liked by all with whom he comes in contact.

Loughlin, Peter J., 150 Nassau Street, New York City.

Lovell, David B., M. D., 32 Pearl Street, Worcester, Mass.

Luddy, Timothy F., Waterbury, Conn.

Lynch, Eugene, 24 India Street, Boston, Mass.

Lynch, John E., school principal, Worcester, Mass.

Lynch, J. H., 812 Eighth Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Lynch, Thomas J., attorney at law, Augusta, Me.; was city clerk of Augusta, 1884 and 1885; postmaster of Augusta from 1894 to 1898; and trustee of the Public Library; one of the water commissioners; a director of the Granite National Bank; trustee of the Kennebec Savings Bank; trustee of the Augusta Trust Company; President of the Augusta Loan & Building Association; director of the Augusta, Winthrop & Gardiner Railway; director of the Augusta Real Estate Association; and trustee of many estates. Is a member of the Executive Council of the Society.

Lynn, John, 48 Bond Street, New York City.

Lynn, Hon. Wauhope, a justice of the Municipal Court of the city of New York, 257 Broadway, New York City.

Lyon, James B., President of the J. B. Lyon Company, printers, publishers, and book manufacturers, Albany, N. Y.

Lyons, Richard J., merchant, 39 Union Square West, New York City.

Lyons, William, merchant, 25 Hillside Street, Boston, Mass. (Life member of the Society.)

MacDonnell, John T. F., paper manufacturer, Holyoke, Mass.

MacDwyer, Patrick S., attorney at law, 229 Broadway, New York City.

MacGuire, Constantine J., 120 East Sixtieth Street, New York City.

286Mack, James F., Attorney-at-Law, New York City.

Maclay, Edgar Stanton, author and editor, Standard Union, Brooklyn, N. Y.

McAdoo, Hon. William, 30 Broad Street, New York City, recently police commissioner of the City of New York; ex-member of Congress; ex-assistant Secretary of the Navy. Is a member of the Executive Council of the Society.

McAleenan, Arthur, 131 West Sixty-ninth Street, New York City.

McAleenan, Henry, broker, 1330 Broadway, New York City.

McAleer, George, M. D., Worcester, Mass.

McAlevy, John F., salesman, 26–50 North Main Street, Pawtucket, R. I.

McAlister, John, 165 Meeting Street, Charleston, S. C., proprietor of livery stable.

McBreen, Patrick Francis, printer, publisher; born in Ireland in 1843; son of Michael M. and Catherine E. (Conaty) McBreen; educated in private school; married in Brooklyn, 1870, to Elizabeth A. Wilker; children: Francis P., Raymond J., Katherine E., Elizabeth A.; commenced printing business in New York City in 1872; established partnership of P. F. McBreen & Sons in 1898, and incorporated same in 1900; since then has been President, also Secretary, of the Club Publishing Company; member of General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen; also a member of Traveling Club and New York Press; address, 404 Monroe Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

McBride, D. H., 10 Barclay Street, New York City.

McCaffrey, Hugh, manufacturer and President of the McCaffrey File Company, Fifth and Berks streets, Philadelphia, Pa. (Life member of the Society.) Vice-President of the Society for Pennsylvania and member of many Catholic organizations.

McCale, James, attorney at law, Bracewell Block, Dover, N. H.

McCall, Hon. Edward E., County Court House, Chambers Street, New York City, is a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York. (Life member of the Society.)

McCanna, Francis I., attorney at law, member of the firm of Barney & Lee, Industrial Trust Building, Providence, R. I.

McCarrick, James W., general southern agent, Clyde Steamship Company, Norfolk, Va. Mr. McCarrick is a veteran of the Civil War. He was transferred, 1861, from Twelfth Virginia Regiment to North Carolina gunboat Winslow, and appointed master’s mate. Transferred to Confederate navy with that steamer, and ordered to Confederate steamer Seabird, at Norfolk navy yard. Attached to Seabird until latter was sunk. Taken prisoner, Elizabeth City, N. C. Paroled February, 1862. Exchanged for officer of similar rank captured from United States ship Congress. Promoted to master and ordered to navy yard, Selma, Ala. Served later on Confederate steamships Tuscaloosa, Baltic and Tennessee at Mobile, and in Mobile Bay, and on steamer Macon, at Savannah, and on Savannah River. Detailed to command water battery at Shell Bluff, below Augusta, after surrender of Savannah. Paroled from steamship Macon at Augusta, Ga., 287after Johnson’s surrender. Mr. McCarrick is President of the Virginia State Board of Pilot Commissioners; President of the Board of Trade of Norfolk, Va.; first Vice-President of the Virginia Navigation Company; commissioner representing the State of Virginia in the management of the Jamestown Exposition; and was President of the Suburban & City Railway and chairman of the executive committee of the Norfolk Street Railway until these two properties were consolidated and sold to outside parties. Vice-President for Virginia.

McCarty, T. J., 20 George Street, Charleston, S. C.

McCarthy, Charles, Jr., Portland, Me.

McCarthy, George W., of Dennett & McCarthy, dry goods, Portsmouth, N. H.

McCarthy, James, Lawrence Telegram, Lawrence, Mass.

McCarthy, M. R. F., 82 Court Street, Binghamton, N. Y.; a commissioner of the department of Public Instruction.

McCarthy, Hon. Patrick Joseph, Mayor of the city of Providence, R. I., 1907 and 1908. Was born in County Sligo, Ireland, 1848, and was about two years of age when his parents, Patrick and Alice (Cullen) McCarthy, crossed the ocean. But they were destined to never reach the mainland of free America, for both father and mother died while waiting in quarantine, at Deer Island, Boston Harbor. Patrick J. was the youngest of seven sons. He became the ward of a society connected with the Catholic Cathedral in Boston, and remained with this society until he was eight years old. During this time he attended the public schools. Winters of following years, until he was fourteen, he attended day school in Somerville, Mass., and night school at Cambridge. About this time Professor Charles Elliot Norton, and some of his college associates, one of whom was Charles William Eliot, ex-President of Harvard University, organized a night school in old Cambridge for working boys, and admitted boys residing in Somerville. Advantage of this opportunity was taken and whenever speaking of this period of his life, Mayor McCarthy expresses his admiration and gratitude for Professor Norton. It was this association with true men that did more to mould his character and direct his mind and thoughts in the right direction than any other influence of his youth. In 1863 he removed to Providence, and while making his home with his brother learned the trade of brass finisher. His ambition was to become master of a business on his own account, and encouraged by a few successful ventures in real estate, determined to qualify himself for business in a proper manner. Realizing that a knowledge of law would be of great advantage to him, he read and studied Blackstone’s and Kent’s Commentaries on Law and made up his mind to choose law as a profession instead of engaging in business, and after suitable preparation entered the Law School of Harvard University. His accumulated savings supported him during the time of the course of study, and he graduated with the degree of LL. B. in 1876. Returning to Providence, Mr. McCarthy was admitted to the Bar of Rhode Island. He was soon 288possessed of a good clientage, and later was admitted to the Circuit Court and Supreme Court of the United States. Being an ardent reader and endowed with histrionic ability, the stage appealed to him, and his evenings were spent in the congenial society of those interested in amateur theatricals, Shakespearian readings, etc., and notwithstanding his preference for serious characters, was frequently cast for the comedian’s part. In 1875 he married Miss Anne M. McGinney, of Providence, but this happy union was of short duration, as she died in 1880, leaving one of three children, Mary Josephine, wife of William H. Bannon, of Central Falls, R. I., surviving her. Although a Democrat, Mr. McCarthy has always been a firm believer in the principles of equitable protection, reciprocity and sound money. He was frequently urged to accept nomination for various public offices, but persistently declined until the fall of 1889, when he was nominated on a fusion ticket and elected to the Providence City Council, where he served during the years 1890–1892 and 1894. In 1891, 1892 and 1903 he was elected to the House of Representatives of Rhode Island, and made a good record in the Legislature. He was opposed to granting special privileges to public service corporations without adequate compensation to the public for franchises in public highways. In November, 1906, he was elected Mayor of the city of Providence, and the best tribute to his first year’s record in that office is that he was re-elected in 1907 by a greatly increased plurality. While Mayor McCarthy is a firm believer in the principles of Democracy and appreciative of the honors the Democratic party has conferred on him, he has always felt it to be his first duty to observe the wishes of the people as a whole, rather than those of a party or faction. He has been fearless in his disregard of partisanship and has won the respect and admiration of all good citizens by his official acts as Mayor. Mr. McCarthy is a many-sided man. As an official he is conspicuously successful. He has always represented the whole people, and never attempted to gain favor by the sacrifice of principle. He is a sound lawyer, enjoying the respect of the Court and the confidence of his clients. Better than that, he is a true friend, warm-hearted, clear-headed and helpful, and a loyal, patriotic American citizen. Address, 49 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I. Is Vice-President of the Society for Rhode Island.

McCarthy, Rev. Thomas J., chancellor of the Diocese of Sioux City, 1011 Douglas Street, Sioux City, Iowa.

McCaughan, Rev. John P., St. Paul’s Church, Warren, Mass.

McCaughey, Bernard, of Bernard McCaughey & Company, house furnishers, Pawtucket, R. I.

McClean, Rev. Peter H., Milford, Conn.

McCloud, William J., contractor, Jefferson Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J.

McClure, Hon. David, attorney at law, 22 William Street, New York City. Mr. McClure was admitted to the bar in December, 1869, in New York City, where he has since resided. His practice has brought him very prominently before the courts and public during the last thirty-six years as 289counsel in cases which have attracted much attention. He has been counsel in many contested will cases, including those of Merrill, Schuyler Skatts, Charles B. Beck and Mary Johnson. In the Livingston, De Meli and General Burnside litigation he was also prominent. He has been connected with many large corporation foreclosure suits, including those of the Denver Water Company, the New York & Northern Railroad Company, Omaha Water Company, the Toledo, Ann Arbor & Northern Michigan, the Northern Pacific, the New York, Lake Erie & Western, the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, the Oregon Improvement Company, the Chicago & Northern Pacific Company, the Bankers and Merchants’ Telegraph Company, and the Memphis & Charleston Railroad Company. He is regarded as one of the most successful trial lawyers at the bar in New York. Mr. McClure for more than a quarter of a century has been counsel for the Farmers Loan & Trust Company, the oldest and largest trust company in the United States, organized in 1821; and for many years of the Consolidated Gas Company, one of the largest public service corporations in the country. He is also counsel for the West Side Savings Bank, several fire insurance companies and other banks. He was one of the counsel for the Mutual Life Insurance Company during the presidency of F. S. Winston. For years he was a director in the Lawyers Surety Company, and he is on the board of the Title Insurance Company of New York. He was a prominent and active member of the State Constitution Convention of 1894, in which body he introduced and carried through the amendment providing for protection of the forests of New York. He years ago declined elevation to the bench of the Court of Appeals, the highest court in the state of New York, and several times to other positions; also appointment to the offices of corporation counsel of the city of New York, and district attorney of the United States. Mr. McClure was appointed, in 1893, receiver of the National Bank of Deposit, in the city of New York, and in spite of the stringent financial condition which prevailed during the summer of that year, dividends aggregating seventy-five per cent were paid within three months. The entire indebtedness, principal and interest, was paid and the receivership closed out within one year. In 1892 he was a delegate from the State of New York to the National Democratic Convention which, at Chicago, nominated Grover Cleveland as candidate for the office of President of the United States, and during the campaign of that year he was much discussed by the press of New York as the probable nominee of his party for the office of Mayor of the city. In that year he was designated by the General Term of the Supreme Court, chairman of the first commission appointed to determine whether a subway passing under Broadway and other streets through the city should be constructed, his associates being Robert Maclay, President of the Knickerbocker Trust Company, and Benjamin Perkins. Prior to the adoption by the United States government of the Panama Canal project, and during the Presidency of Mr. McKinley, one of the largest, if not the largest, syndicates of moneyed men ever gathered together obtained a concession from the government of Nicaragua for the construction of a 290canal known as the Nicaragua Canal. This syndicate, which proposed to build the canal without government aid, was composed of the Messrs. Vanderbilt, Astor, Rockefeller, Mills, Stillman, Grace, Crimmins, and others of equal standing, and was represented before the committee of Congress upon the question of recognition and protection, by Mr. McClure as its counsel, he having organized the corporation under which it was proposed to operate. Mr. McClure is a member of the Manhattan, New York Athletic and other clubs, and the Bar Association, of which he has been a member of the judiciary and other committees. He has also been honored with the presidency of the Metropolitan Surety Company.

McConway, William, of the McConway & Torley Company, Pittsburg, Pa. (Life member of the Society.)

McCormick, Edward R., 15 West Thirty-eighth Street, New York City.

McCormick, James W., of the Judkins & McCormick Company, importers of millinery goods, 10–16 West Twentieth Street, New York City; residence, 79 New England Avenue, Summit, N. J.

McCoy, Rev. John J., LL. D., rector, St. Ann’s Church, Worcester, Mass. Is a member of the Executive Council of the Society.

McCoy, William J., attorney and counsellor at law, 37 Virginia Avenue, Indianapolis, Ind.

McCready, Rt. Rev. Mgr. Charles, 329 West Forty-second Street, New York City.

McCullough, John, 55 Maxfield Street, New Bedford, Mass.

McDonald, Capt. Mitchell C., a pay director in the navy; formerly stationed at the Naval Home in Philadelphia; Navy Department, Washington, D. C.

McDonnell, Robert E., attorney at law, 52 Broadway, New York City.

McDonough, Hon. John J., Fall River, Mass.; Justice of the Second District Court of Bristol County, Mass.

McFarland, Stephen, Secretary of the Central Cigar Manufacturing Company; residence, 44 Morton Street, New York City.

McGann, James A., 413 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa., was born August 5th, 1855, in Roscrea, Tipperary County, Ireland, and arrived in Philadelphia when eight years of age. Is with Prevost & Herring in the insurance business.

McGann, James E., real estate, 902 Chapel Street, New Haven, Conn.

McGann, Col. James H., 7 Kepler Street, Providence, R. I.

McGauran, Michael S., M. D., 258 Broadway, Lawrence, Mass.

McGillicuddy, Hon. D. J., of the law firm McGillicuddy & Morey, Lewiston, Me.; ex-Mayor of Lewiston.

McGinness, Brig.-Gen. John R., U. S. A., retired, Union Club, Cleveland, Ohio; born in Ireland; cadet at United States Military Academy, July 1, 1859; first lieutenant of ordnance, June 11, 1863; captain, February 10, 1869; major, June 1, 1881; lieutenant-colonel, July 7, 1898; colonel, June 14, 1892; retired with the rank of brigadier-general, September 17, 1904.

McGinnis, D. J., Astor Place, New York City.

291McGolrick, Rev. E. J., 84 Herbert Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

McGolrick, Rt. Rev. James, D. D., bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Duluth, Minn. (Life member of the Society.)

McGovern, James, 6 Wall Street, New York City; of Benedict, Drysdale & Company. (Life member of the Society.)

McGovern, Joseph P., Treasurer the Hatters’ Fair Exchange Incorporated, the American Hatters and Furriers’ Corporation and the Connecticut Glue Company, Incorporated, 23–29 Washington Place, New York City.

McGowan, Rear Admiral John, U. S. N., retired, 1420 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. (Life member of the Society.) He was born at Port Penn, Del., August 4, 1843. He is the son of John and Catherine (Caldwell) McGowan. He was educated in the public schools of Philadelphia, Pa., 1848–’53, and in private schools in Elizabeth, N. J., 1854–’59. Entering the navy, he was appointed acting master’s mate, March 8, 1862; was promoted to acting master May 8, 1862, and ordered to command the U. S. S. Wyandank in the Potomac flotilla. He served on the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers until February, 1863, when he was detached from the Wyandank and ordered to the Florida as navigator. He served on the Florida in the blockage off Wilmington, N. C., until October, 1864, when the ship went to New York for repairs. In November, of the same year, he was detached from the Florida and ordered to the U. S. S. State of Georgia as navigator; arrived off Wilmington, N. C., the day after the capture of Fort Fisher, his ship being then ordered to reinforce the fleet off Charleston, S. C. While there he took part in the Bulls Bay Expedition, which was one of the causes of the evacuation of Charleston by the Confederates. Soon after the evacuation, the State of Georgia was ordered to Aspinwall (Colon) to protect American interests on the Isthmus of Panama. Before sailing for Aspinwall, McGowan succeeded Lieutenant Manly as executive officer of the ship. In November, 1865, he was ordered to the U. S. S. Monongahela as watch and division officer; served on the Monongahela in the West Indies until January, 1867, when he was detached and, a few days later, joined the U. S. S. Tacony, Commander Roe, fitting out for duty in the Gulf Squadron. He was at Vera Cruz nearly all the summer of 1867, which witnessed the fall of Maximilian’s empire. After the death of Maximilian, and the surrender of Vera Cruz to the Liberals, the Tacony returned to Pensacola, Fla., but, yellow fever breaking out aboard, the ship went to Portsmouth, N. H., where, after undergoing quarantine, the officers were detached and ordered to their homes the latter part of September, 1867. In October of the same year, McGowan was ordered to duty on board the receiving-ship at the Philadelphia navy yard. He commanded the U. S. S. Constellation there, and was afterward executive officer of the frigate Potomac, also a receiving ship, at Philadelphia. In March, 1868, while on the Potomac, he received a commission as master in the regular navy, and in October, 1868, was ordered to duty with the Asiatic fleet. On reporting to the admiral, he was ordered to duty as executive officer of the U. S. S. Unadilla; succeeded to the command of the Unadilla in June, 1869, and in November 292of that year was detached from the Unadilla and ordered to the U. S. S. Iroquois; returned in her to the United States, the ship going out of commission in April, 1870. In April, 1870, he was promoted to be lieutenant-commander and while in that grade served on the double-turreted monitor Terror, the Wachusetts, Juniata and Marion as executive officer, and at the League Island, Philadelphia and Brooklyn navy yards. In January, 1887, he was promoted to commander; commanded the Swatara, St. Mary’s, Portsmouth and Alliance, and was also commandant of the naval training station at Newport, R. I., from December, 1896, to July, 1899. He was promoted captain, February, 1899, and in August took command of the U. S. S. Monadnock at Manila. In November, 1900, he was ordered to duty as commandant of the naval station at Key West, Fla. In April, 1901, he was detached and ordered before the retiring-board. He was retired, with the rank of rear admiral, in April, 1901. In October, 1871, he wedded Evelyn Manderson of Philadelphia. Admiral McGowan is a member of the military order of the Loyal Legion, of the Order of Foreign Wars, the Sons of the Revolution, and of the Society of Marine Engineers and Naval Architects. He is also a member of the following clubs: Metropolitan and Chevy Chase of Washington, D. C.; Rittenhouse of Philadelphia, Union of New York, and New York Yacht Club. Admiral McGowan’s father, Capt. John McGowan, was appointed a lieutenant in the revenue cutter service by President Andrew Jackson. He was at Charleston, S. C., during the nullification period, served in the Seminole War, in the War with Mexico, and in the Civil War. He commanded the steamer Star of the West in the attempt to reinforce Fort Sumter in 1861. He died January, 1891, aged 85 years. President-General of the Society for two terms.

McGowan, Patrick F., manufacturer, 224 East Twelfth Street, New York City. (Life member of the Society.) President of the Board of Aldermen. Born in Lebanon, Conn., in 1852; went to New York City in 1877 and subsequently engaged in the manufacturing business, in which he is still interested. On January 1, 1900, was appointed by Mayor Van Wyck as a commissioner of education for a term of three years; appointed by Mayor McClellan as a commissioner of education, July 12, 1904, to fill the unexpired term of President H. A. Rogers, and while serving in that capacity was, in 1905, elected President of the Board of Aldermen for the term expiring January 1, 1910. Mr. McGowan is active in a number of benevolent and fraternal societies. He was a supreme representative of the Royal Arcanum and supreme councilor of the Loyal Association. He is a member of the Manhattan Club, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick and of the Pensacola Club, of the Fourteenth Assembly District, where he resides. He is a trustee in St. Ann’s Roman Catholic Church, New York Polyclinic Hospital and the West Side Savings Bank.

McGuire, Hon. Edward J., attorney at law, 52 Wall Street, New York City. Member of the Executive Council of the Society.

McGuire, James K., 30 Church Street, New York City, with the Barber Asphalt Paving Company.

293McGuire, John C., attorney at law, Hotel St. George, Brooklyn, N. Y.

McGurrin, F. E., of F. E. McGurrin & Company, investment bankers. Security Trust Building, Salt Lake City, Utah; President of the Salt Lake Security & Trust Company.

McIsaac, Daniel V., 416 Old South Building, Boston, Mass.

McIntyre, Hon. John F., of the law firm of Cantor, Adams & McIntyre, 25 Broad Street, New York City.

McKenna, James A., 125 West Seventieth Street, New York City.

McLaughlin, Henry V., M. D., 40 Kent Street, Brookline, Mass.

McLaughlin, John, builder, 346 East Eighty-first Street, New York City.

McLaughlin, Marcus J., 250 West Twenty-fifth Street, New York City.

McLaughlin, Thomas F., 19 East Eighty-seventh Street, New York City.

McLoughlin, Joseph F. (Life member of the Society.) 2 Rector Street, New York City.

McMahon, James, 51 Chambers Street, New York City.

McMahon, Rev. John W., D. D., rector of St. Mary’s Church, Charlestown, Mass.

McMann, Henry W., 104 John Street, New York City.

McManus, James H., 42 West Twenty-eighth Street, New York City.

McManus, Col. John, 87 Dorrance Street, Providence, R. I.; was appointed colonel of the Rhode Island Guards Regiment by Governor Van Zandt, in 1887; was one of the commissioners to revise the militia laws of the state; aide-de-camp, with the rank of colonel, on the staff of Governor Davis of Rhode Island; has been prominently identified with all movements for the betterment of Ireland—his native land; is of the firm of John McManus & Company, merchant tailors of Providence. Member of the Executive Council of the Society.

McManus, Michael, of McManus & Company, clothiers, Fall River, Mass.

McManus, Rev. Michael A., St. Aloysius Rectory, 66 Bowery Street, Newark, N. J. Father McManus was born in Paterson, N. J., September 29, 1849; attended St. John’s Parish school, from whence he went to St. Charles College, Ellicott City, September, 1866. In 1868 began philosophical and theological course at Seton Hall College, South Orange, N. J., and was ordained a priest April 26, 1874. For the last 17 years he has been in his present charge.

McManus, Rev. Michael T., rector of St. Mary’s Church of the Assumption, Brookline, Mass.

McMullen, John R., attorney at law, 120 West Fifty-ninth Street, New York City.

McNamara, Thomas Charles, M. D., 613 Hudson Street, Hoboken, N. J.

McOwen, Anthony, 724 East Twenty-ninth Street, New York City.

McPartland, John E., 29 Park Street, New Haven, Conn.

McPartland, Stephen, 134 West Ninety-second Street, New York City. Merchant.

McPartland, Stephen J., 391 West End Avenue, New York City. Merchant.

McQuade, E. A., 75–77 Market Street, Lowell, Mass.

294McQuaid, Rev. William P., rector of St. James’ Church, Harrison Avenue, Boston, Mass.

McSweeney, Edward F., Evening Traveler, Summer Street, Boston, Mass.

McWalters, John P., 141 Broadway, New York City.

Magrane, P. B., dry goods merchant, Lynn, Mass.; President of the James A. Houston Company, Boston.

Magrath, Patrick F., 244 Front Street, Binghamton, N. Y. (Life member of the Society and a member of its Executive Council.)

Maguire, P. J., 223 Third Avenue, New York City.

Maher, Stephen J., M. D., 212 Orange Street, New Haven, Conn.

Mahoney, Daniel S., 277 Broadway, New York City. Vice-President of the Catholic Times Publishing Company.

Mahoney, E. S., Portsmouth, Va., Director Bank of Portsmouth.

Mahony, William H., dry goods, 844 Eighth Avenue, New York City. (Life member of the Society.)

Malloy, Gen. A. G., San Marcos, San Diego County, California, formerly of El Paso, Texas, and Vice-President of the Society for that state; a veteran of the Mexican and Civil wars; during the latter conflict he was successively major, colonel and brigadier-general; has been collector of the port of Galveston.

Maloney, Cornelius, publisher of the Daily Democrat, 71 Grand Street, Waterbury, Conn.

Maloney, John H., 1619 Greene Street, Harrisburg, Pa.; real estate and insurance.

Maloney, Thomas E., M. D., North Main Street, Fall River, Mass.

Marshall, Rev. George F., rector of St. Paul’s Church, Milford, N. H.

Martin, Hon. James J., 132 West Forty-eighth Street, New York City; city chamberlain of New York City; formerly police commissioner; member Manhattan Club and other organizations.

Martin, Hon. John B., penal institutions commissioner, 762 Fourth Street, South Boston, Mass.

Martin, Patrick, 3396 East Street, San Diego, California. Merchant.

Maynes, Michael, Jefferson House, Boston, Mass.

Meade, Richard W., 216 East Seventy-second Street, New York City; son of the first President-General of the Society.

Meagher, Frederick J., attorney at law, Binghamton, N. Y.

Moloney, Fred G., Ottawa, Ill.

Moloney, Hon. Maurice T., attorney at law, rooms 513–515 Moloney Building, Ottawa, Ill. He is a native of County Kerry, Ireland; came to the United States in 1867; graduated in law from the University of Virginia, class of 1871; admitted to the Virginia bar; removed to Illinois and was admitted to the bar of that State; served as city attorney of Ottawa, Ill., in 1879–’80 and 1881; was elected State’s attorney in 1884 and served four years; was elected attorney-general of Illinois and while in this position vigorously prosecuted illegal trusts and made a national reputation through his work; became mayor of Ottawa. Vice-President of the Society for Illinois.

295Molony, Frank T., 277 Broadway, New York City, lecturer and writer; residence, 70 Jane Street.

Molony, Henry A., of Molony & Carter, 16 New Street, Charleston, S. C.

Monaghan, James, 217 East Boone Avenue, Spokane, Wash., Director Traders National Bank.

Monaghan, Hon. James Charles, formerly professor in the University of Notre Dame, Indiana; recently of the United States Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C.; formerly United States consul at Mannheim and at Chemnitz; recently professor of commerce, University of Wisconsin. Principal Stuyvesant Evening Trade School, New York City.

Montgomery, Gen. Phelps, attorney at law, 48 Church Street, New Haven, Conn. Member of the Executive Council.

Mooney, Edmund L., attorney at law, 37 Wall Street, New York City. Member law firm of Blandy, Mooney & Shipman.

Mooney, L. M., 8 West Eighty-seventh Street, New York City.

Moran, Col. James, 26 South Water Street, Providence, R. I.; a veteran of the Civil War. He was appointed second lieutenant in the Third Regiment, Rhode Island Volunteers, by Special Orders 53, A. G. O., R. I., August 27, 1861; was commissioned second lieutenant, Fifth Rhode Island Heavy Artillery, November 5, 1861; mustered in December 16, 1861; in command of Company A, from August 8, 1862, until September 20, 1862; assumed command of Company D, September 26, 1862; was commissioned captain and mustered in as such February 14, 1863; on general court martial, July, 1863; in command of Fort Amory, at Newburne, N. C., from September 1, 1863, until October 15, 1863; assumed command of post at Hatteras Inlet, N. C., April 21, 1864; in command of Forts Foster and Parks, at Roanoke Island, from May 2, 1864, until January, 1865; mustered out January 17, 1865. In May, 1873, he was commissioned colonel of the Rhode Island Guards Regiment, and in June, 1887, became colonel of the Second Regiment, Brigade of Rhode Island Militia.

Moran, James T., director of Connecticut Savings Bank, 221 Sherman Avenue, New Haven, Conn.

Morgan, John, 343 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York City; manufacturer of Imperial Mineral Waters.

Moriarty, John, Broadway, Waterbury, Conn.

Morton, J. D., 41 Mercer Street, New York City.

Morrissey, Very Rev. Andrew, C. S. C., D. D., LL. D., University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. Vice-President of the Society for Indiana.

Morrissy, Thomas, merchant, 48 West Fourteenth Street, New York City.

Moseley, Hon. Edward A., Washington, D. C., President-General of the Society in 1897 and 1898. He succeeded to the position, in the former year, on the death of Admiral Meade, who was the first President-General of the organization. Mr. Moseley is Secretary of the United States Interstate Commerce Commission. He is ninth in descent from Lieut. Thaddeus Clark, who came from Ireland, and died in Portland, Me., May 16, 1690. Clark was lieutenant of a company of men engaged in the defense 296of Falmouth, now Portland, during the Indian War. He fell into ambuscade with his company while making a reconnoitre, and was killed with twelve of his men. Mr. Moseley is also a descendant of Deputy-Governor Cleeves (or Cleaves), a founder of Portland, formerly Falmouth, and is sixth in descent from Lieut. John Brown of Belfast, Me., who came with his father from Londonderry, Ireland, and was one of the settlers of Londonderry, N. H.; Brown was chairman of the first board of selectmen of Belfast, Me., chosen November 11, 1773, ’74 and ’75; he removed from Londonderry, N. H. While residing there he had been a commissioned officer in the Provincial Army, and had served in the French War. Mr. Moseley is also of patriotic Revolutionary stock, and is a member of the Cincinnati; Vice-President of the Society for Washington.

Moynahan, Bartholomew, attorney at law, 120 Broadway, New York City; official stenographer to the New York Supreme Court.

Mullen, James B., contractor, 431 Hammond Street, Bangor, Me.

Mullen, John F., 26 Trask Street, Providence, R. I.

Mulqueen, Michael J., 253 Broadway, New York City.

Mulry, Thomas N., President of Immigrants Savings Bank, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Murphy, D. P., Jr., 31 Barclay Street, New York City.

Murphy, Edward J., of the Edward J. Murphy Company, real estate brokers, Springfield, Mass.

Murphy, Ernest Van D., first lieutenant Twenty-seventh Infantry, U. S. A., Fort Sheridan, Ill. (Life member of the Society.)

Murphy, Frank J., 119 Mason Street, Salem, Mass.

Murphy, Fred C., of the Edward J. Murphy Company, Springfield, Mass.

Murphy, George J. S., Secretary Fire Department, 1201 East Grand Street, Elisabeth, N. J.

Murphy, James, 42 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

Murphy, Rev. James J., Ph. D., 1011 Douglas Street, Sioux City, Iowa.

Murphy, James R., attorney at law, 27 School Street, Boston, Mass.

Murphy, John E., Bretton Hall Hotel, New York City.

Murphy, Thomas, Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y.

Murray, John F., captain of police, Cambridge, Mass.; residence, 9 Avon Street.

Murray, John L., 228 West Forty-second Street, New York City.

Murray, Joseph, 1245 Madison Avenue, New York City; assistant commissioner of immigration.

Murray, Hon. Lawrence O., LL. D., Washington, D. C., Comptroller of the Currency of the United States, and former assistant Secretary, U. S. Department of Commerce and Labor; is a lawyer by profession. He first went to Washington as Secretary to William Edmund Curtis, assistant Secretary of the Treasury. Subsequently he held other positions in the treasury, including that of chief of division, and, from September 1, 1898, to June 27, 1899, that of deputy comptroller of the currency. He left the government employ to become the trust officer of the American Trust Company, continuing in that place for three years. He then went to Chicago as Secretary of the Central Trust Company of Illinois and 297served there for two years before becoming assistant Secretary of Commerce and Labor.

Murray, Patrick, insurance, 318 West Fifty-second Street, New York City.

Nagle, John T., M. D., 163 West One Hundred Twenty-sixth Street, New York City.

Neagle, Rev. Richard, 2 Fellsway East, Malden, Mass.

Nee, P. J., 1341 Girard Street, Washington, D. C.

Nevins, Col. P. J., 109 Merrimac Street, Haverhill, Mass. General manager and assistant Treasurer of the Haverhill Gas Light Company.

Noonan, Daniel A., 725 Broadway, New York City.

Noonan, Thomas F., attorney at law, 252 West Twenty-fifth Street.

Noonan, William T., 155 Main Street, West, Rochester, N. Y. Life member of Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.

Norton, Michael W., transportation business in New York and Providence; residence, 450 Friendship Street, Providence, R. I.

O’Brien, Hon. C. D., attorney at law, Globe Building, St. Paul, Minn.; prosecuting attorney of Ramsey County, Minn., from 1874–’78; assistant U. S. district attorney from 1870–’73; mayor of St. Paul from 1883–’85. Vice-President of the Society for Minnesota.

O’Brien, Dennis F., attorney at law, 106 West Ninety-second Street, New York City.

O’Brien, James, attorney at law, Caledonia, Minn., was born in 1836, admitted to the Bar in 1872, and during his long and active practice has been engaged in some of the most extensive litigations in Minnesota.

O’Brien, Rev. James J., 179 Summer Street, Somerville, Mass.; a son of the late Mayor Hugh O’Brien of Boston, Mass.

O’Brien, John D., Bank of Minnesota Building, St. Paul, Minn.; of the law firm Stevens, O’Brien, Cole & Albrecht.

O’Brien, John E., was born in Rossie, St. Lawrence County, N. Y., February 9th, 1875. His father, John W. O’Brien, a native of County Wexford, and his mother, Mary Waters O’Brien, a native of County Leitrim, Ireland, both came to this country in early life and settled on a farm in the town of Rossie; was the sixth of a family of nine children, four boys and five girls. In 1895 he began study in the Potsdam State Normal School, and in 1898 was graduated from the four-year classical course. While in that institution he served as President of his class and of the Delphic Society. In 1898 Mr. O’Brien removed to New York, where he began a law clerkship. Two years later he entered the New York Evening Law School, at the same time teaching during the day in one of the city public schools. He served as President of his class in the law school and was graduated in 1902, cum laude, standing second in a class of one hundred. After three months spent traveling in Europe, Mr. O’Brien commenced practice in the fall of 1902. He has been successful in his profession, and is now the senior member of a firm engaged in active practice at 115 Broadway, New York City. He resides at the Catholic Club, 120 Central Park South, of which he is an active member; has served as President of the St. Lawrence County Society of New York, 298and the Potsdam Alumni Association; is a member of the New York State Bar Association, the Lawyers’ Association of New York County, and of numerous clubs and fraternal, charitable and municipal improvement societies and organizations.

O’Brien, Hon. John F., President of the City National Bank of Plattsburg, N. Y., former Secretary of State of New York, and is a powerful factor in the Republican party of Northern New York.

O’Brien, Michael C., M. D., 161 West One Hundred Twenty-second Street, New York City.

O’Brien, Hon. Morgan J., LL. D., 729 Park Avenue, New York City; trustee of the New York Public Library; former presiding justice of the appellate division of the New York Supreme Court, now senior member of the law firm of O’Brien, Boardman, Platt & Holly, and associated with Grover Cleveland and George Westinghouse as a trustee of the Ryan stock in the Equitable Life Assurance Association. President-General of the Society two terms.

O’Brien, William C., 7 East Thirtieth Street, New York City.

O’Byrne, Michael Alphonsus, attorney-at-law, rooms 400 to 408 Germania Bank Building, Savannah, Ga.; senior member of the widely and well-known law firm of O’Byrne, Hartridge & Wright. Born in Savannah, graduated from St. Vincent’s College, Pennsylvania, admitted to the Georgia Bar in 1882; President of the Hibernia Bank of Savannah and of the John Flannery Company, one of the oldest and strongest cotton houses in the South; Commodore of the Savannah Yacht Club, and actively and prominently connected with Savannah’s professional, business and social life.

O’Callaghan, Charles J., Law Reporter, Spuyten Durvil., N. Y.

O’Callaghan, Rt. Rev. Mgr. Denis, D. D., rector of St. Augustine’s Church, South Boston, Mass.

O’Connell, Rt. Rev. Mgr. Denis Joseph, S. T. D., rector of the Catholic University, Washington, D. C.

O’Connell, John, 251 West One Hundredth Street, New York City.

O’Connell, John, 302 West End Avenue, New York City.

O’Connell, Hon. John F., 306 Broadway, Providence, R. I., member of the General Assembly 1907 and 1908 and on Finance Committee, member of the Executive Council of the Society, author of State Free Employment Bureau law.

O’Connell, John F., Norfolk, Va. Secretary and Treasurer Consumers’ Brewing Company.

O’Connell, Hon. Joseph F., attorney at law, 53 State Street, Boston, Mass.; member of Congress from Massachusetts.

O’Connell, P. A., of F. E. Slattery Company, 154 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.

O’Connor, Edward, 302 Broadway, New York City.

O’Connor, Hon. John J., 414–416 Carroll Street, Elmira, N. Y. (Life member of the Society.)

O’Connor, J. L., Ogdensburg, N. Y.

299O’Connor, M. P., Binghamton, N. Y. (Life member of the Society.)

O’Connor, Rev. P. J., Treasurer of the St. Joseph Catholic Church of Sioux City, Iowa.

O’Connor, Hon. W. A., district attorney of Santa Cruz County, Nogales, Ariz.

O’Doherty, Rev. James, Haverhill, Mass. (Life member of the Society.)

O’Doherty, Hon. Matthew, Louisville, Ky.; a judge of the Circuit Court.

O’Donovan, Jeremiah Rossa, Staten Island, N. Y. “O’Donovan Rossa.”

O’Donohue, Capt. Louis V., real estate, 25 West Forty-second Street. (Life member of the Society.) One of the organizers of Squadron A, a crack cavalry company of New York National Guard.

O’Driscoll, Daniel M., 22 Church Street, Charleston, S. C., principal of the Bennett School.

O’Dwyer, Rev. Daniel H., rector St. John’s Church, Kingsbridge, N. Y.

O’Dwyer, Hon. Edward F., 37 West Sixty-seventh Street, New York City; chief justice of the City Court of New York.

O’Farrell, P. A., Waldorf-Astoria, New York City. (Life member of the Society.)

O’Flaherty, James, advertising, 22 North William Street, New York City.

O’Gorman, Hon. James A., 318 West One Hundred Eighth Street, New York City; justice of the Supreme Court of New York.

O’Gorman, Thomas A., 215 Doyle Avenue, Providence, R. I.

O’Hagan, W. J., of W. J. O’Hagan & Son, colonial antiques, Charleston, S. C. Vice-President of the Society for South Carolina.

O’Hearn, Daniel A., M. D., 649 Westford Street, Lowell, Mass.

O’Hearn, Patrick, Vice-President of Washington Savings Institution, 282 Riverside Street, Lowell, Mass.

O’Herin, William, Parsons, Labette County, Kan.; superintendent of machinery and equipment, Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway. (Life member of the Society.)

O’Keefe, Edmund, 174 Middle Street, New Bedford, Mass.

O’Keefe, John A., M. D., Broadway, Providence, R. I., lieutenant-colonel, Second Regiment, R. I. N. G.

O’Keefe, John A., 25 Exchange Street, Lynn, Mass.; a native of Rockport, Mass.; was graduated from Harvard College, class of 1880; member of the Phi Beta Kappa; taught school in Housatonic, Mass.; was elected submaster of the Lynn, Mass., High School in 1881 and headmaster of the same in 1885; became a member of the teaching staff of the English High School, Boston, Mass.; studied law; was admitted to the bar of Essex County, Mass., and has since practised law in Lynn. In 1897 he was the Democratic candidate for attorney-general of Massachusetts. Member of the Lynn Board of Associated Charities, member of the New England Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools; of the Essex Institute, and of the executive board of the Civic League of Lynn. Among Mr. O’Keefe’s classmates at Harvard were: Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States; Hon. William S. Andrews, justice of the New York Supreme Court; Robert Bacon, partner of J. P. Morgan; Harold N. 300Fowler, professor of Latin; Hon. Josiah Quincy, mayor of Boston, Mass.; Albert Bushnell Hart, historian and professor, and many other people of note.

O’Keefe, John G., of H. L. Horton & Company, 66 Broadway, New York City.

O’Leary, Rev. Cornelius F., Wellston, Mo., was born in the parish of Lixnan, County Kerry, Ireland, on the 20th of July, 1850; is the son of Cornelius O’Leary and Jane Stack, being the seventh and last child of the family; has ever felt a pride in being descended from the O’Learys and McSheehys on the one side and Stacks and O’Connors on the other—names held in honor and respect throughout the classic Kingdom of Ireland. From early youth he attended the national schools of the parish, and later was afforded the blessing and superior advantage of an education at the hands of the Christian Brothers of Tralee. At fifteen years of age he was induced by his honorable cousin, Thomas R. Wilson, Attorney at Killarney, to enter his office and prepare for the study of law. He soon grew discontented with the tedious forms and complexities of the law, returned to Tralee and entered the Classical School conducted by Charles McCarthy, a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin. At seventeen, it next became his fortune to come to America and he settled in the West, “Where the mighty Missouri rolls down to the sea.” With true Irish courage he accommodated himself to circumstances, looked neither to the right or to the left until he reached the goal of his pious ambition, receiving Holy Orders at the hands of Archbishop Ryan, then of St. Louis, in May, 1873. Rector of Notre Dame Church, Wellston, Mo.

O’Leary, Jeremiah A., attorney at law, 38 Park Row, New York City.

O’Leary, Jeremiah, 275 Fifty-eighth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

O’Leary, Col. M. J., director Exchange Bank, 122 Bay Street, East, Savannah, Ga.

O’Leary, P. J., 161 West Thirteenth Street, New York City.

O’Loughlin, Patrick, attorney at law, 18 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.

O’Meara, Maurice, President of the Maurice O’Meara Company, paper manufacturers, 448 Pearl Street, New York City.

O’Neil, Frank S., attorney at law, O’Neil Building, Binghamton, N. Y.

O’Neil, Hon. George F., Binghamton, N. Y. (Life member of the Society.) Was born in Ireland, and came to America at a very early age with his parents. After learning the machinery trade in Binghamton, he went West and engaged in mining in California. Retiring to Binghamton, he went into the grocery business and real estate business and bought a controlling interest in a Democratic paper, which naturally brought him into politics. Never having had any taste for public office, he was, however, named as a presidential elector in 1892 for Grover Cleveland. He was appointed a member of the state committee, and served as a commissioner for the World’s Fair at Chicago by appointment of Governor Flower of New York. Having confidence in the growth of Binghamton, he became interested in its progress and general development. He became a stockholder 301in the electric light plant, a director in the First National Bank, and a trustee of the Susquehanna Valley Savings Bank. He is a prominent member of the Chamber of Commerce and attends to his large real estate investments, being at the present time the largest tax-payer in the city of Binghamton and county of Broome.

O’Neil, Hon. Joseph H., President of the Federal Trust Company, Boston, Mass.; formerly a member of Congress; was later U. S. Treasurer at Boston.

O’Neil, Joseph S., attorney at law, 38 Front Street, Binghamton, N. Y.

O’Neil, Rev. John P., Peterborough, N. H.

O’Neill, Rev. Daniel H., 935 Main Street, Worcester, Mass.

O’Neill, Rev. D. P., Westchester, N. Y.

O’Neill, Eugene M., Pittsburg, Pa. (Life member of the Society.)

O’Neill, James L., 220 Franklin Street, Elizabeth, N. J.; connected with the Elizabeth postoffice for many years past; he has been President of the Young Men’s Father Matthew T. A. Society, and Treasurer of St. Patrick’s Alliance, Elizabeth. He was one of the prime movers in the projection and completion of a monument to the late Mayor Mack of Elizabeth. Member of the Executive Council of the Society.

O’Rourke, Hon. Jeremiah, of J. O’Rourke & Sons, architects, 756 Broad Street, Newark, N. J.; U. S. supervising architect under President Cleveland. (Life member of the Society.)

O’Shaughnessy, Major Edward J., 912 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York City.

O’Shea, D. G., Red Lodge, Montana, born near Bantry, Ireland, February 6, 1862, of native parents. Attended the rudimentary schools of the locality until 13 years of age; then employed for six years in a small mercantile establishment in the town of Bantry. Hon. T. M. Healy was at that time a clerk in this store, and one of Mr. O’Shea’s instructors at the Bantry school was Hon. Timothy Harrington, later a prominent member of the Irish Parliamentary party, and also Lord Mayor of Dublin. Bantry being a town where the revolutionary spirit was much in evidence, there was a secret society there of which Mr. O’Shea became a member while still a boy; he also participated actively in the doings of the Land League. He came to America in March, 1881, and after several months of searching about for a suitable opening, settled in Montana, where he has since resided. The state was then very sparsely settled, and there were no railroads. Mr. O’Shea spent some time in prospecting and working in mines, etc., and in 1887 went to Red Lodge with the pioneers of that locality. He entered the employ of the Rocky Fork Coal Company, remaining with that concern for 15 years until it was absorbed by the Northern Pacific Railway. He then engaged in banking and real estate, and has since been connected with affairs of that nature. He was married in 1901 to Miss Eleanor Cavenagh, a native of Dublin, and at that time living in Chicago. There are three children, two boys and a girl.

O’Shea, James, 31 West Eighty-eighth Street, New York City.

O’Sullivan, Humphrey, Treasurer of the O’Sullivan Rubber Company, Lowell, Mass.

302O’Sullivan, James, President of the O’Sullivan Rubber Company, Lowell, Mass.

O’Sullivan, John, with the H. B. Claflin Company, Church Street, New York City.

O’Sullivan, Sylvester J., 66 Liberty Street, New York City, manager of the New York office of the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Md.

Olcott, Chauncey, actor, 1193 Broadway, New York City. (Life member of the Society.)

Over, Spencer H., manager Narragansett Brewing Company, 18 Medway Street, Providence, R. I.

Patterson, Rev. George J., V. G., the Cathedral rectory, Boston, Mass.

Perry, Charles J., Perry’s Pharmacy, World Building, Park Row, New York City.

Phelan, John J., attorney at law, 7 Wall Street, New York City; graduate of Manhattan College and of the Columbia Law School; member of the Xavier Alumni Sodality, the N. Y. Catholic Club, and the Manhattan Alumni Society.

Phelan, Rev. J., Marcus, Ia.

Philbin, Hon. Eugene A., attorney at law, 52–54 William Street, New York City; a regent of the University of the State of New York; ex-District Attorney of New York.

Piggott, Michael, 1634 Vermont Street, Quincy, Ill.; a veteran of the Civil War. He was made second lieutenant of Company F, Western Sharpshooters., in 1861, while at Camp Benton, St. Louis, Mo.; was promoted first lieutenant, and while at Fort Donaldson, in the spring of 1862, was made captain; lost a leg at Resaca, Ga., in May, 1864; was subsequently connected with the U. S. revenue service; messenger in the national House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.; was made postmaster of Quincy, Ill., during President Grant’s first term, and held the position for over sixteen years; was appointed special Indian agent by President Harrison, and in that, as in every position held, displayed eminent ability.

Pigott, William, iron and steel, Alaska Building, Seattle, Wash. (Life member of the Society.)

Plunkett, Thomas, 326 Sixth Street, East Liverpool, O.

Power, Rev. James W., 47 East One Hundred Twenty-ninth Street, New York City.

Powers, John F., 518 Hudson Avenue, Weehawken, N. J.

Powers, Patrick H., President of the Emerson Piano Company, Danube Street, Roxbury, Mass.

Prendergast, William A., 20 Nassau Street, New York City, Register of Kings County.

Quin, R. A., M. D., President of the Home Savings Bank of Vicksburg, P. O. Box 234, Vicksburg, Miss. Is Vice-President of the Society for Mississippi.

Quinlan, Francis J., A. M., M. D., LL. D., eighth President-General of the American Irish Historical Society, was born in the City of New York, 303December 24th, 1853. Both his parents were Irish born, coming to these shores when the great exodus took place, about 1845. His early education was obtained at the Parochial School of St. Francis Xavier, under the guidance of the Christian Brothers. Later he attended Manhattan Academy, then at Thirty-second Street, and afterwards the College of St. Francis Xavier. While preparing for the study of medicine he taught school. In 1878 he was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia College, and soon after accepted an appointment at St. Vincent’s Hospital, which he shortly resigned to enter the United States Indian Service, serving on the frontier four years. In 1883 Doctor Quinlan returned to New York and devoted himself especially to diseases of the ear, nose and throat. Such was the skill he displayed that in a comparatively few years he was among the most prominent of his profession and today is a recognized authority in his specialty. Doctor Quinlan’s prominence in the medical field is attested by the number of important posts he holds. He is Professor of diseases of the nose and throat in the medical department of Fordham University and the New York Polyclinic; attending Laryngologist and Otologist to the New York City and the St. Vincent Hospitals; Consulting Throat and Nose Surgeon of the New York Foundling Hospital, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Yonkers, and Jamaica Hospital, N. Y., and Consulting Ear, Throat and Nose Surgeon of St. Agnes Hospital, White Plains, N. Y. He is President of the New York Celtic Medical Society, Fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine, a member of the American Medical and the State Medical Associations, the New York Otological and the Medico Surgical Societies, the Society of Medical Jurisprudence and a former President of the New York County Medical Association. In addition to these organizations of his profession, he is President of the Alumni Sodality of the College of St. Francis Xavier; is a member of the society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, the Catholic Club of New York, of which he is a former President, the Manhattan, New York Athletic and Lambs’ Clubs and is connected with various religious, racial and charitable organizations of New York City. Doctor Quinlan is a liberal contributor to the periodicals of his department of medicine and has devised many ingenious surgical instruments. Since his election to the office of President-General, the American Irish Historical Society has steadily gained favor with our people, and it is safe to say that the increase of three hundred members since he has been at the head of the Society is due in a great measure to his untiring efforts and a genial disposition which earns for him wherever he goes a host of friends. As an orator Doctor Quinlan is above mediocrity. His delivery is enthusiastic and has the true ring of sincerity, carrying along conviction. Especially was this noticeable in his addresses delivered at Washington and Providence. Doctor Quinlan is an ardent lover of the beautiful in nature, and is an art enthusiast, and although one of the busiest men in the great metropolis, he manages occasionally to find leisure to examine rare pieces of art that have found their way to the art collector’s, and to add to his 304already large collection of statuary and paintings. So judicious is the taste he displays that he is regarded as a connoisseur, and his artistic opinion has, on various occasions, been solicited. In 1906 Doctor Quinlan was the recipient of the Lætare Medal.

Quinn, John, attorney at law, 31 Nassau Street, New York City.

Ramsey, Clarence J., 132 West Twelfth Street, New York City; public appraiser; ex-President Catholic Club of New York.

Reardon, Edmund, manufacturer, Cambridge, Mass.

Reardon, Timothy, 726 Dayton Avenue, St. Paul, Minn.

Regan, John H., attorney at law, 261 Broadway, Manhattan, New York City.

Regan, W. P., architect, 296 Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Reilly, F. James, electrician, 122–130 Centre Street, New York City.

Reilly, John P., M. D., President of Board of Education and Trustee of Public Library, 215 Elizabeth Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J.

Richardson, Stephen J., 1785 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Roddy, John T., 254 Meeting Street, Charleston, S. C., Secretary of Molony & Carter Company.

Rogan, John H., attorney at law, 145 Nassau Street, New York City.

Rohan, John D., manager of N. H. Halsey & Company, 49 Wall Street, New York City.

Rooney, John Jerome, of Rooney & Spence, customs and insurance brokers, forwarding agents, 66, 68 and 70 Beaver Street, New York City.

Rorke, James, 40 Barclay Street, New York City.

Rowan, Joseph, attorney at law, 32 Liberty Street, New York City.

Ryan, Charles V., Springfield, Mass.

Ryan, Christopher S., Lexington, Mass.

Ryan, Daniel C., Adjuster, 461 Fargo Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.

Ryan, James T., Phenix Insurance Company, P. O. Box 1010, New York City.

Ryan, John J., 280 Broadway, Room 207, New York City.

Ryan, Joseph E. G., Chicago Inter Ocean, Chicago, Ill.

Ryan, Joseph T., attorney at law, 149 Broadway, New York City.

Ryan, Gen. Michael, Cincinnati Abattoir Company, Spring Grove Avenue, Cincinnati, O.

Ryan, Michael J., Waterbury, Conn.

Ryan, Michael P., 377 Broadway, New York City.

Ryan, Hon. Morgan M. L., attorney at law; Justice of Court of Special Sessions, Brooklyn, N. Y.; born Batavia, New York, July 10, 1867, son of Michael and Catharine (O’Brien) Ryan; graduated from Batavia Union School 1889, Cornell University 1896 (won post-graduate scholarship 1896); selected as a prize debater of senior class, Cornell Law School 1896; unmarried; visited principal countries in Europe in 1902 and 1905; counsel for Richmond Light and Railroad Company, S. I. Midland Railroad Company, Southfield Beach Railroad Company (director), New York & Richmond Gas Company, New Jersey & Staten Island Ferry Company, Staten Island Transit Railroad Company, and other corporations; member firm of Ryan & Innes; director and counsel of 305New Brighton Co-operative Savings and Loan Association; director Richmond County Power Company; Roman Catholic; member Delta Chi fraternity. Address, 30 Westervelt Avenue, New Brighton, Richmond County, N. Y.

Ryan, Nicholas W., 1444 Boston Road, borough of the Bronx, New York City.

Ryan, Hon. Patrick J., mayor of Elizabeth, N. J.; is of the firm P. J. & W. H. Ryan, real estate and fire insurance, 205 Broad Street, Elizabeth.

Ryan, Most Rev. Patrick J., D. D., archbishop of Philadelphia, Pa.; the Cathedral, Philadelphia.

Ryan, Patrick J., clerk, 172 East Ninety-fourth Street, New York City.

Ryan, Thomas F., 60 Fifth Avenue, New York City. (Life member of the Society.) Eminent financier and capitalist and Vice-President of the Morton Trust Company; is largely interested in public service corporations and large industrial enterprises.

Ryan, Timothy M., M. D., Torrington, Conn.

Ryan, Hon. William, of Wm. Ryan & Company, grocers, 375 Irving Avenue, Port Chester, N. Y.

Sasseen, Robert A., 50 Pine Street, New York City; insurance investments. (Life member of the Society.)

Scott, Cornelius J., manufacturer of awnings, decorations, etc., 439 West Fifty-seventh Street, New York City.

Scott, Joseph, attorney at law, 706 Equitable Savings Bank Building, Los Angeles, Cal.

Scully, Hon. P. Joseph, city clerk of New York City; residence, 4 Columbia Street.

Shahan, Very Rev. Thomas J., S. T. D., J. U. L., professor of church history, Catholic University, Washington, D. C.; S. T. D., Propaganda, Rome, 1882; J. U. L., Roman Seminary, 1889.

Shanahan, Very Rev. Edmund T., Ph. D., S. T. D., J. C. L., professor of dogmatic theology, Catholic University, Washington, D. C.; A. B., Boston College, 1888; S. T. D., Propaganda, Rome, 1893; J. C. L., Roman Seminary, Rome, 1895; Ph. D., Roman Academy, 1895. Instructor in philosophy and dogmatic theology, American College, Rome, 1894–’95; lecturer in philosophy, University of Pennsylvania, 1898–’99; associate professor of philosophy, the Catholic University of America, 1895–1901.

Shanley, John F., 17 Washington Street, Newark, N. J.

Shanley, Thomas J., 344 West Eighty-seventh Street, New York City.

Shea, Daniel W., Ph. D., professor of physics, Catholic University, Washington, D. C.; A. B., Harvard University, 1886; A. M., Harvard University, 1888; Ph. D., Berlin, 1892. Assistant in physics, Harvard University, 1889 and 1892; assistant professor of physics in the University of Illinois, 1892–’93; professor of physics in the University of Illinois, 1893–’95.

Sheedy, Bryan DeF., M. D., 162 West Seventy-third Street, New York City.

Sheehan, George H., managing editor The Hibernian; national organizer of Ancient Order of Hibernians, 7 Water Street, Boston, Mass.

306Sheehan, John Louis, LL. D., Barristers’ Hall, Boston, Mass., educated at Harvard University and at Boston University; member of the Suffolk County Bar, Bar of the Circuit Court of the United States, and Bar of the Supreme Court of the United States. Is a member of the Faculty of the Boston University School of Law.

Sheehy, M. J., merchant, foot of Thirty-ninth Street, New York City.

Sheehan, Hon. William Francis, 16 East Fifty-sixth Street, New York City, was born in the City of Buffalo, N. Y., of Irish parents, on November 6, 1859. His father, William Sheehan, and his mother, Honora Crowley, were born in Cork, Ireland. At an early age both came to this country. He was educated in the public schools and graduated from St. Joseph’s College, Buffalo. He was admitted to the Bar in 1881, and practised law in Buffalo for thirteen years. At the same time he was active in politics, and became the leader of the Democratic party in Erie County, and in the western part of the State. He was elected a member of the New York Assembly from Erie County in the year 1884 and was successively elected in each of the six ensuing years, thus having had seven years of service in the Assembly, during six years of which he was Democratic leader. In 1891 he was the Speaker of the Assembly. In the fall of 1891 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor on the Democratic State ticket, with Roswell P. Flower as Governor, and was therefore presiding officer of the Senate for the years 1892, 1893 and 1894. He was the New York representative on the Democratic National Committee from 1891 to 1896. At the end of his term as Lieutenant-Governor, Mr. Sheehan removed to New York City and there engaged in the practice of his profession as senior member of the firm of Sheehan & Collin. In the fall of 1905 the firm of Sheehan & Collin was dissolved and Mr. Sheehan joined with former Judge Alton B. Parker, former Judge Edward W. Hatch and with Charles H. Werner, Esquire, in organizing the law firm of Parker, Hatch & Sheehan. Mr. Sheehan is a member of the following clubs: Metropolitan, Manhattan, Downtown, City, Midday, Railroad and Automobile Club of America. He was married on November 27, 1889, to Miss Blanche Nellany of Buffalo, N. Y.

Sheppard, Rev. J. Havergal, D. D., pastor of the First Baptist Church, Schenectady, N. Y.

Sheran, Hugh F., 46 Woodbine Street, Roxbury, Mass.

Sherman, P. Tecumseh, of the law firm of Taft & Sherman, 15 William Street, New York City; member of the Union League Club and of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion; son of the late Gen. William T. Sherman.

Shipman, Andrew J., attorney at law, 37 Wall Street, New York City.

Shuman, A., merchant, 440 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Silo, James P., 128 West Seventy-third Street, New York City.

Simons, Thomas A., 241 Marshall Street, Elizabeth, N. J., chief clerk of the Elizabethport Banking Company.

Slattery, John J., President Todd-Donigan Iron Company, Louisville, Ky. Vice-President of the Society for Kentucky.

307Sloane, Charles W., attorney at law, 54 William Street, New York City.

Smith, Hon. Andrew C., M. D., Medical Building, Portland, Oregon; President of the State Board of Health; President of the Hibernia Savings Bank; member of the State Senate from 1900 to 1904; has served on the staff of St. Vincent’s hospital for many years; has been President of the State and City Medical societies; represented Oregon for two years in the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association.

Smith, James, 26 Broadway, New York City.

Smith, Rev. James J., 88 Central Street, Norwich, Conn.

Smith, Joseph, Boston Traveler, Boston, Mass.

Smith, Thomas F., clerk of the city court, 32 Chambers Street, New York City.

Smyth, Samuel, 41 Liberty Street, New York City; is a contractor and builder. Many large structures in that city have been erected by him, and he is one of the foremost in the New York building circle.

Smyth, Rev. Thomas, Springfield, Mass.

Smyth, Rev. Thomas M., East Liverpool, O.

Somers, P. E., manufacturer of tacks and nails, 17 Hermon Street, Worcester, Mass. (Life member of the Society.)

Spellacy, Thomas J., attorney at law, 756 Main Street, Hartford, Conn.

Spellissy, Dennis A., attorney at law, 302 Broadway, New York City. Member of Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.

Spillane, J. B., managing editor Music Trade Review, Metropolitan Life Building, 1 Madison Avenue, New York City.

Storen, William J., 232 Calhoun Street, Charleston, S. C.

Sullivan, James E., M. D., 254 Wayland Avenue, Providence, R. I.; was graduated from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, 1879; also studied medicine in Dublin, London and Paris; was city physician of Fall River, Mass., for seven years; married, in 1885, Alice, daughter of the late Joseph Banigan of Providence; retired from practice in 1891; member of the Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Providence Medical societies; Vice-President of the University Club, Providence; a director of the Rhode Island Hospital Trust Company; President and Treasurer of the Sullivan Investment Company, Providence.

Sullivan, James J., attorney at law, Ernest & Cranmer Building, Denver, Col., was born in Auniscaule, County Kerry, Ireland, March 1, 1875, is the son of John Sullivan and Mary Lynch, and a descendant of the ancient O’Sullivan clan of the “Kingdom of Kerry.” His father died in Ireland in 1883, and the following spring his mother brought seven of her orphaned children to America, settling in Holyoke, Mass., which is still regarded as the family home. At the age of fourteen, Mr. Sullivan was compelled to leave school to become a breadwinner on his own account. Three years later he was enabled to return to school, and entered the Holyoke High School in 1892, and at the same time began the study of law in the office of Hon. Christopher T. Callahan of Holyoke. For the next four years he pursued both his high school and law courses, graduating from the High school in June, 1896, and was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 308October of the same year. So far as now known, this is the first time in the history of Massachusetts high schools when one of the students was admitted to the practice of any of the learned professions the same year of graduation. He immediately formed a partnership with Mr. Callahan, which continued until January, 1900. A few months prior to this time, Mr. Sullivan had occasion to visit the Far West, as a result of which he determined to dissolve his Eastern partnership and move permanently to Colorado with its vast wealth of undeveloped resources. With no assets except a willingness to work, he took up the practice of his profession in Denver in the spring of 1900. He has succeeded in building up an extensive practice, principally in matters relating to irrigation. Mr. Sullivan is one of the few young men raised in America who speaks the Irish tongue fluently. He is a member of several clubs, an enthusiastic horseman and all-around sportsman; is passionately loyal to his friends and possesses to a very large degree “that characteristic Irish pertinacity that never saw night too dark, hour too late or road too rough to interfere with rendering a favor to a friend—or a blow to an enemy.”

Sullivan, John J., attorney at law, 203 Broadway, New York City.

Sullivan, Hon. M. B., M. D., Dover, N. H., formerly state senator.

Sullivan, Hon. Michael F., M. D., Oak Street, Lawrence, Mass.; President Lawrence Board of Trade.

Sullivan, Michael H., attorney at law, 34 School Street, Boston, Mass.

Sullivan, Michael W., attorney at law, Century Building, Washington, D. C.

Sullivan, Michael X., Ph. D., Bureau of Soil, Washington, D. C.

Sullivan, Roger G., cigar manufacturer, 803 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H.

Sullivan, T. P., M. D., 318 South Main Street, Fall River, Mass.

Sullivan, Timothy P., Concord, N. H.; furnished granite from his New Hampshire quarries for the new national Library Building, Washington, D. C.

Sullivan, William B., attorney at law, Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.

Supple, Rev. James N., rector of St. Francis de Sales Church, Charlestown, Mass.

Sweeney, John F., the Sweeney Company, 256 Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y. (Life member of the Society.)

Sweeney, Rev. Timothy P., Fall River, Mass.

Sweeny, William Montgomery, 120 Franklin Street, Astoria, L. I., N. Y.

Swords, Joseph F., Sulphur, Oklahoma. He is a descendant of Cornet George Swords, one of the A. D. 1649 officers in the service of kings Charles I and Charles II in Ireland. Joseph F. Swords is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution. He is of the fourth American generation from Francis Dawson Swords, graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, 1750, who was exiled from Ireland, 1760, and who served in the Patriot Army throughout the War of the Revolution. Vice-President of the Society for Oklahoma.

Synnott, Martin J., M. D., 30 Tulleston Avenue, Montclair, N. J.

Tack, Theodore E., 52 Broadway, New York City.

309Taggart, Hon. Thomas, Indianapolis, Ind.; proprietor of the Grand Hotel; was elected auditor of Marion County, 1886; re-elected, 1890; has been mayor of Indianapolis; chairman of the Democratic state committee, 1892 and 1894; district chairman of the seventh Congressional District; member from Indiana of the Democratic national committee. Is a native of Ireland.

Talley, Alfred G., 27 William Street, New York City.

Teeling, Rt. Rev. Arthur J., D. D., rector of St Mary’s Church, Lynn, Mass.

Thompson, Frank, 126 Liberty Street, New York City.

Thompson, James, of James Thompson & Bro., 127 West Main Street, Louisville, Ky.

Tierney, Dennis H., real estate and insurance, Tierney’s Block, 167 Bank Street, Waterbury, Conn. Vice-President for Connecticut.

Tierney, Edward M., Hotel Marlborough, Broadway, New York City.

Tierney, Henry S., 59 Prescott Street, Torrington, Conn.

Tierney, Myles, 317 Riverside Drive, New York City. President Hudson Trust Company, Hoboken, N. J. (Life member of the Society.)

Tingent, Edward, 68 Broad Street, Elizabeth, N. J.

Toale, Patrick P., Toale P. O., Aiken County, S. C.

Tooley, Frank L., D. D. S., 157 East Seventy-ninth Street, New York City.

Towle, Felix S., of F. S. Towle Company, Incorporated, 332 Broadway, New York City.

Travers, Vincent P., of the Travers Brothers Company, 41 Worth Street, New York City.

Tully, Hon. William J., attorney at law, Corning, N. Y.; state senator.

Vredenburgh, Watson, Jr., civil engineer, 135 Broadway, New York City.

Waldron, E. M., of E. M. Waldron & Company, building contractors, 84 South Sixth Street, Newark, N. J.

Waller, Hon. Thomas M., New London, Conn.; attorney at law; member of the Connecticut Legislature 1867, 1868, 1872, 1876 (speaker, 1876); Secretary of State of Connecticut, 1870; mayor of New London, 1873; State’s attorney, 1876–’83; governor of Connecticut, 1882–’84; United States consul-general to London, England, 1885–89; commissioner to World’s Columbian Exposition.

Walsh, David I., attorney at law, Fitchburg, Mass.

Walsh, Frank, Secretary and credit manager, Wilkinson, Gaddis & Company, wholesale grocers, 866–868 Broad Street, Newark, N. J.

Walsh, P. J., 503 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Walsh, Philip C., 260 Washington Street, Newark, N. J.; of Walsh’s Sons & Company, dealers in irons and metals.

Walsh, Philip C., Jr., 260 Washington Street, Newark, N. J.

Walsh, William P., 247 Water Street, Augusta, Me.

Ward, Edward, of Ward Bros., contractors, Kennebunk, Me.

Ward, John T., contractor, Kennebunk, Me.

Ward, Michael J., 17 Shailer Street, Brookline, Mass.

310Whalen, Hon. John S., Secretary of State of New York, Albany, N. Y.

White, John B., Cashier of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 121 East Eighty-sixth Street, New York City. Member Catholic Club of New York.

Woods, John, 297 Broadway, South Boston, Mass. Coal.

Wright, Henry, enameled wall tile, vitrified and glazed ceramics, aseptic floors, encaustic and embossed tiles, 248 East One Hundred Forty-sixth Street, New York City.

Wynne, E. W., 78 Market Street, Charleston, S. C., of C. Bart & Company.

Zabriskie, George A., 123 Produce Exchange, New York City.

• “Advantages of Historical Research to Irish Americans,” by Hon. Robert J. Gamble, 152
• American Irish Historical Society, Members of, 252
• Ames, Gen. Williams, Address by, 32
• Annual Meeting, Next, 157
• Banquet, Eleventh Annual, 105
• “Capital Welcome,” by Hon. Thomas H. Carter, 148
• Carter Day Nursery, Dedication of, 165
• Carter, Hon. Thomas H., Address by, 148
• “Civic Value of Memorials,” by Miss Mary A. Greene, 163
• Constitution and By-Laws of the Society, 5
• Crane, Major John, Memorial of, 87
• Dedication of Carter Day Nursery, 165
• Dinner Committee at Washington, 157
• Dowling, Hon. Victor J., Address by, 117
• “Early Marine ‘Wireless,’” by Edgar Stanton Maclay, Esq., 195
• Egan, Karl, “The Irish in the Revolutionary War,”, 218
• Egan, Chief Patrick, War Record of, 177
• Eleventh Annual Meeting, Proceedings of, 62
• Executive Council of 1908, 19
• Executive Council of 1909, 69
• “First Census of the United States,” etc., by Michael J. O’Brien, Esq., 209
• Gamble, Hon. Robert J., Address by, 152
• Gargan, Hon. Thomas J., Memorial of, 76
• General Historical Items, 238
• 313General Information About the Society, 13
• Greene, Miss Mary A., Essay by, 163
• Guests at Sullivan Memorial Dedication, 56
• Healy, David, Esq., Address by, 23
• Higgins, Gov. James H., Address by, 30
• Historical Items, 238
• Introduction, 3
• “Irish Pioneers in New York,” by Hon. Victor J. Dowling, 117
• “Irish Pioneers of the West and Their Descendants,” by Hon. Maurice T. Moloney, 139
• “Irish in the Revolutionary War,” by Karl Egan, 218
• Kelly, Hon. Hugh, Memorial of, 91
• Lee, Thomas Zanslaur, Address by, 27
• Lenehan, John J., Esq., Essay by, 183
• Lippitt, Ex-Gov. Charles Warren, Address by, 49
• Maclay, Edgar Stanton, Esq., Essay by, 195
• McCarthy, Mayor Patrick J., Address by, 32
• McTighe, Patrick J., Memorial of, 248
• Members Elected at Eleventh Annual Meeting, 96
• Membership Roll of 1909, 252
• “Memorial to Jersey Prison Ship Heroes”, 217
• Moloney, Hon. Maurice T., Address by, 139
• Murray, Thomas Hamilton, Esq., Memorial of, 80
• Next Annual Meeting, 157
• O’Brien, Michael J., “First Census of the United States,” etc., 209
• O’Connor, Joseph, Memorial of, 171
• Officers of the Society for 1908, 19
• Officers of the Society for 1909, 68
• O’Neill, James L., Esq., Essays by, 202
• Organizations Represented at Sullivan Memorial Dedication, 56
• Papers Read Before Society, 14
• 314Phelan, Hon. James J., Memorial of, 78
• President-Generals of the Society, 16
• Quinlan, Francis J., M. D., LL. D., Address by, 52, 107
• Quinlan, Francis J., M. D., LL. D., Sketch by, 169
• Quinlan, Col. James, War Record of, 169
• Reception Committee at Washington, 157
• Recommendations from Secretary-General’s Office, 239
• “Reilly of F,” by John Jerome Rooney, Esq., 243
• Report of Treasurer, 100
• Review of Some Historical Works, 231
• Robinson, Col. David C., Address by, 36
• Roche, Hon. James Jeffrey, LL. D., Memorial of, 93
• Roll of Members for 1909, 252
• Rooney, John Jerome, Esq., Poem by, 243
• Sanders, Col. Christopher C., Memorial of, 245
• Secretary-General’s Recommendations, 239
• “Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York,” by John J. Lenehan, Esq., 183
• State Vice-Presidents for 1908, 20
• State Vice-Presidents for 1909, 70
• Sullivan Memorial at Rhode Island, 26
• Tenth Annual Meeting, Proceedings of, 17
• Thayer, Hon. Eli, An Early Member of the Society, 223
• Treasurer’s Report for 1908–’09, 100
• Twelfth Annual Meeting, Place Selected for Holding, 157
• Van Hoose, A. W., Esq., Tribute to Col. Christopher C. Sanders, 245
• Vice-Presidents for 1908, 20
• Vice-Presidents for 1909, 70
• Washington Meeting, 62
• White, Hon. Edward D., Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Address by, 113