The Project Gutenberg eBook of Historical Record of the Second, or Queen's Royal Regiment of Foot, by Richard Cannon.

His Majesty has been pleased to command, that, with a view of doing the fullest justice to Regiments, as well as to Individuals who have distinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the British Army shall be published under the superintendence and direction of the Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall contain the following particulars, viz.,

PREFACE.

The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend upon the zeal and ardour, by which all who enter into its service are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted.

Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable object, than a full display of the noble deeds with which the Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have preceded him in their honourable career, are among the motives that have given rise to the present publication.

The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the 'London Gazette,' from whence they are transferred into the public prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on the Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery, and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign's Approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most highly prizes.

It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic account of their origin and subsequent services.

This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty having been pleased to command, that every Regiment shall in future keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad.

From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth derive information as to the difficulties and privations which chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed by the presence of war, which few other countries have escaped, comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or no interval of repose.

In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,—on their sufferings,—and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which so many national benefits are obtained and preserved.

The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and their character has been established in Continental warfare by the irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against superior numbers.

In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the Corps employed; but the details of their services, and of acts of individual bravery, can only be fully given in the Annals of the various Regiments.

These Records are now preparing for publication, under His Majesty's special authority, by Mr. Richard Cannon, Principal Clerk of the Adjutant-General's Office; and while the perusal of them cannot fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and information to the general reader, particularly to those who may have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service.

There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or are serving, in the Army, an Esprit du Corps—an attachment to every thing belonging to their Regiment; to such persons a narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great,—the valiant,—the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood, "firm as the rocks of their native shore;" and when half the World has been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of achievements in war,—victories so complete and surprising, gained by our countrymen,—our brothers—our fellow-citizens in arms,—a record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the public.

Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished Officers, will be introduced in the Records of their respective Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth.

As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment will be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession.

HISTORICAL RECORD

OF THE

SECOND,

OR

QUEEN'S ROYAL REGIMENT
OF FOOT;

AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT
IN THE YEAR 1661, AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT
SERVICES TO 1837.

Egypt, with the Sphynx—Vimiera—Corunna—Salamanca—Vittoria—Pyrenees—Nivelle—Toulouse—and Peninsula.

HISTORICAL RECORD
OF
THE SECOND,

The Second Regiment of Foot was raised in 1661, for the purpose of providing a garrison for Tangier, a fortress on the northern coast of Africa, which was ceded to England as part of the marriage portion of Donna Catherina, Infanta of Portugal, who, in the following year, was married to King Charles II [1].

The command of this regiment was conferred by King Charles II. on Henry (second) Earl of Peterborough, whose commission as Colonel bears date the 30th of September, 1661.

King Charles II. having, soon after his restoration, disbanded the army of the Commonwealth, the ranks of Lord Peterborough's regiment were speedily completed with disciplined soldiers: it is reported to have assembled on Putney heath on the 14th of October, 1661, and to have numbered one thousand men.

The destination of Lord Peterborough's regiment to garrison so valuable a portion of Her Majesty's dower was, no doubt, the cause of its early advancement to royal favour: it was designated 'the Queen's,' and the Paschal Lamb, the distinguishing badge of Portugal, was placed on its colours, and has ever since been continued to be borne by the regiment [2].

In a few months after its formation, the Earl of Peterborough embarked with his regiment and a troop of horse [3], and arrived at Tangier on the 29th of January, 1662, where he found a British fleet, under the command of the Earl of Sandwich, lying in the roads, and Sir Richard Steyner, with a detachment of officers and seamen, [3]occupying the town: a duty from which the Queen's Regiment, relieved them on the following day [4].

The fortress was already surrounded by walls upwards of a mile and a quarter in extent, but the English began constructing, at immense cost both of money and labour, a series of external fortifications. It was also determined to form a secure harbour by building a pier, or mole, several hundred yards in length. A spirit of enterprise, which has since become so conspicuous in British subjects, was, at this early period, strongly evinced in these improvements, carried on amidst barbarian tribes on the unpromising shores of Africa.

Tangier was announced after its occupation 'a place of such concernment that all the world will envy the English the attainment of it;' but this opinion was founded more on an expectation that the new colony would open a mart for trade, and bring to our influence, if not to our power, the adjoining states. It was, however, an acquisition of consequence to a nation aiming at commercial rivalry at a time when the voyage to India by the Cape of Good Hope was of rare occurrence. Tangier was situated so as to be a convenient resting-place for the Mediterranean trader, similar to what Gibraltar affords at the present time. These speculations gave the command a great importance, made evident by the warrant from King Charles II. on the appointment of the Earl of Peterborough to his government. It designates him 'Captain General, Chief Governor, and Vice-Admiral of our City of Tangier, and of the ports and coasts adjacent, and any of our dominions and territories, castles and forts, in or near the kingdom of Tangier, Fez, and Morocco, in Africa, [4]which are or shall be in our possession, or reduced to our obedience, &c.'

On the arrival of Lord Peterborough at Tangier, he found Gaylan, the sovereign chief of Fez, with a body of 10,000 men, encamped within a league of the fortress. A treaty of peace was concluded between these commanders, and limits were fixed, beyond which the English were not to forage or cultivate. No great reliance was placed by the British on their new ally, and accounts from the new colony state, 'how the Moors will observe these articles we know not; however, we are, and we still shall be, upon our guard.'

Three other battalions of infantry also proceeded to Tangier from Dunkirk [5]. The friendly understanding which was established with the natives was for some time interrupted only by trifling skirmishes, in which the Moors satisfied themselves by beating back, with sticks, those of the garrison who passed the stipulated bounds. A jealousy was, however, very soon evinced; and upon opposition being made to the English in prosecuting the works and fortifications already alluded to, war burst out, in which the number and ferocity of the Moors were defeated and overcome by great discipline and courage on the part of the garrison. The use of cannon by the Europeans at length diminished the courage of the barbarians, but not before the garrison suffered severely. They had already lost 250 men, and the Moors[5] about 500, amongst whom was a brother of Gaylan, when a peace was at length concluded in 1663, and Lord Peterborough returned in the same year to England [6].

The Earl of Peterborough was succeeded, both in the government of Tangier and in the Colonelcy of the Queen's Regiment, by Lieutenant-General Andrew Rutherford, Earl of Teviot (late Governor of Dunkirk), whose commission was dated the 9th of April, 1663. This second governor of Tangier consolidated all the infantry in garrison, and added them to the Queen's Tangier Regiment; he also so beautified and strengthened the town, that he obtained the title of its 'Restorer.'

Gaylan, hearing of the progress of the works, assembled an army of 4000 horse and 20,000 foot [7]; and at mid-day, [6]on Sunday the 14th of June, 1663, when all the officers were at dinner, the Moors surprised and carried the advance-posts and attacked the great redoubt, where Major Ridgert of the Queen's Regiment, with forty men, made a most gallant defence, until the garrison, led by Colonel Norwood, sallied out, and charging the Moors with signal bravery, retook all the posts which had been captured. The garrison lost fourteen men killed and twenty wounded in this encounter; and the enemy upwards of one hundred. In an account of this action published at the time, it is stated, 'The Moors are men of resolution, and have most excellent fire-arms. When the horse charged us, he that did command them was clothed in crimson velvet, who being killed, they all went off immediately; it is presumed, therefore, that he was one of their chief men.'

A second attack was subsequently made with 10,000 men, 'but the most vigilant governor had so warily supplied the defects of the place, by planting great guns to annoy the assailants, that though the assault was very sharp, the enemy was beaten off with the loss of 900 men [8].'

In August a peace was concluded for six months, and a free trade was opened with the Moors, 'they daily bringing their camels laden with commodities, and in return they get money and other things.' Further additions were also made to the works, which again gave rise to acts of hostility, and in one encounter the garrison captured a splendid scarlet standard. A correspondence was opened with Gaylan—the Earl of Teviot insisted on making additional works—Gaylan objected, when his Lordship replied, 'he must have peace on those terms, or war without them.' The latter was the[7] result, and led to numerous losses, particularly of the natives, in attempts to assault the fortress.

The chief losses sustained by the garrison of Tangier were in the sallies they made into the adjacent country to obtain fresh provisions. The Moors had a custom of driving two or three hundred head of cattle within sight of the walls, and planting a body of men in ambuscade, ready to fall on the detachment, which military ardour, to say nothing of a natural wish for fresh beef, was sure to bring beyond the cover of the fortress. These skirmishes frequently brought on more serious engagements, and in a sally made by the garrison on the 4th of May, 1664, the Earl of Teviot[9] met his death.

The Earl of Teviot was succeeded in the command of the Queen's Regiment by Colonel, afterwards Lieutenant-General Henry Norwood, whose commission is dated the 10th of June, 1664. The government of Tangier at this time was bestowed by His Majesty on John Lord Bellasyse, a younger son of the Earl of Fauconberg, who arrived at his government in April 1665, on board the Smyrna fleet, consisting of 'seven lusty, brave ships.'

Lord Bellasyse found the judicious arrangements of the late Commander-in-Chief had rendered Tangier impregnable[8] to its enemies, who by this time were much disheartened, and inclined to terminate hostilities. A peace was concluded in the following year, and Lord Bellasyse was himself the bearer of it to England, where he arrived in May, 1666. The London Gazette states his favourable reception by His Majesty, and great expectations of future prosperity to Tangier were raised from his report.

General Norwood, who has been mentioned as succeeding, on the death of the Earl of Teviot, to the command of the Queen's Regiment, was now appointed to succeed Lord Bellasyse in his government. His administration was that of a judicious and vigilant officer; he acquired the confidence of the Moors, and conciliated Gaylan the sovereign chief of Fez. General Norwood's proceedings among the natives were considered so honourable, and his character, altogether, stood so high, that the Emperor Muley Xeriff admitted him to traffic at Tetuan free of imposts; a most beneficial offer, which he failed not to accept, as it so much concerned the welfare of Tangier, 'to whose advancement,' says Addison, 'he always declared a singular propensity.'

The death of this valuable officer, which occurred in 1668, made room for the appointment of John Earl of Middleton, whose commission, as Governor of Tangier, and as Colonel of the Queen's Regiment, is dated the 15th of May, 1668.

It was during the colonelcy of the Earl of Middleton, when war had been resumed with the ferocious Moors, that this regiment had the honour of numbering amongst its volunteers the man who afterwards became the most successful and most celebrated general of his age;—'the man who never fought a battle which he did not gain, or besieged a town which he failed to reduce,—John[9] Churchill, Duke of Marlborough.' Mr. Churchill was at this time about twenty years of age, and held an ensign's commission in the Foot Guards, but made his first essays, in actual service, beneath the walls of Tangier, where he eagerly engaged in the frequent sallies and skirmishes of the garrison, giving, in this desultory warfare, the first indication of his active and daring character.

After an administration of nearly seven years, the Earl of Middleton died in the fortress, on the 25th of January, 1675 [10]. He was succeeded in the command of Tangier, and also in the colonelcy of the Queen's Regiment, on the 5th of March, 1675, by William O'Brien, Earl of Inchiquin.

Tangier had by this time so increased in strength and importance, that its occupation by the English was become an object of jealousy, not only to the natives of the country, but to all European powers. The fortifications had been rendered secure, and the harbour had been improved, and now afforded a safe anchorage. These important points had not been attained without great opposition from the Moors, and much credit was given to the garrison for their conduct and steady perseverance in the arduous duties they had to perform. We find acknowledgment made of them by the journals of the day in the following terms:—'Many and various have been the warlike exploits of the heroic English against the barbarians, during the possession of this[10] famous garrison of Tangier, so much renowned throughout the world, standing as commandress of those seas, and a protection to shipping from the Turkish pirates.' The Oxford Gazette of the same period also contains a letter from Tangier, reporting a threatened attack from a French fleet, and adds, 'the soldiers, far from being surprised at the news, are infinitely rejoiced at it, expecting them with much impatience.' Thus we find the Queen's Regiment was ever at its post, and had for eighteen years, almost single-handed, maintained this important fortress, in defiance of numerous assaults from the equally destructive effects of war and climate.

Towards the termination of the Earl of Inchiquin's [11] command Tangier became an object of still greater attention in England. The Emperor of Morocco had joined with the forces of Fez, and a crusade was carrying on against the Christian occupants of this part of Africa; Europeans were found ready to direct the operations of the savages, and the war assumed an importance hitherto not bestowed on it. The following is an account given at the time:—

'The Moors being vexed, knowing it was impossible[11] to make their approaches against Tangier above ground, resolved to effect it by drawing lines and working underneath the earth; which stratagem of war, it is supposed, they learnt from several French and Spanish mercenaries whom they keep in pay: this practice they were before quite ignorant of.'—The public journals also speak indignantly of some English who clandestinely imported 1500 barrels of gunpowder to the enemy, and say, ''Tis too often the custom of our nation to give away their swords, and fight with their teeth, and furnish our foes with means to cut our own throats.' Numerous losses sustained by the garrison, together with the increased force of the assailants, rendered it requisite to send reinforcements to the relief of the former. For this purpose a detachment left Ireland in the spring of 1680, consisting of four companies of the Royal Regiment of Foot; twelve other companies of the same regiment followed in the same year; five companies of the Foot Guards also sailed for the same destination under the Earl of Mulgrave.

In addition to the above reinforcements, a new regiment was raised in 1680, of which Charles Fitz Charles, Earl of Plymouth, (a natural son of King Charles II.) was appointed Colonel, and embarked on this service. This latter corps was called 'the Second Tangier Regiment,' and is now the 4th, or King's Own Regiment.

It has been stated that the Duke of Marlborough was initiated at Tangier in the first rudiments of war. The same theatre for the display of British valour and enterprise was at this time chosen by several other volunteers, among whom were Charles Lord Mordaunt, the afterwards celebrated Earl of Peterborough, and others of rank and celebrity.

In the year 1680 the Earl of Inchiquin vacated his[12] appointment on being made Governor of Jamaica. Colonel Sir Palmes Fairborne [12], of the Queen's Regiment, who succeeded to the command of the fortress on the departure of the Earl of Inchiquin, was, in consequence of his gallant and meritorious services, confirmed in the appointment by his Majesty. The demise of this brave officer, however, occurred before the commission for his appointment was signed; he was wounded in an action with the Moors on the 24th of October, 1680, and died three days after, leaving the charge of the garrison to Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Sackville, of the Coldstream Foot Guards [13]. On the 27th of October the garrison attacked the enemy's lines with determined bravery, and the Queen's Regiment is reported to have 'behaved to admiration[14].' Considerable loss was however sustained by the English; 'not above fifty men were left in one of the battalions of Lord Inchiquin's Regiment (the Queen's): the English and Scotch behaved as brave and gallant men, and the Gentlemen Volunteers have alike proved themselves men of courage.'

The Queen's Regiment had Ensign Watson, Ensign Trent, and thirty-four men killed; and Captain Philpot, Lieutenants Guy and Tate, Ensigns Roberts, Thomas, Fitzpatrick, Webster, Norwood, Beckford, and Elliott, with 124 men wounded.

In a short period after the above engagement, his Majesty was pleased to appoint Lieutenant-Colonel Sackville to be Lieutenant-Colonel of the Queen's Regiment of Foot Guards, by which he was removed from service at Tangier.

The Government of Tangier was next conferred upon Colonel Piercy Kirke [15], who, on the death of the Earl of Plymouth, had been promoted, on the 27th of November 1680, to the Colonelcy of the 2nd Tangier Regiment, with which Regiment he had embarked for Africa as Lieutenant-Colonel in September of that year. He was removed to the Colonelcy of the Queen's Regiment on the 19th of April, 1682, in succession to Colonel Sir Palmes Fairborne, deceased.

During Colonel Kirke's services at Tangier, he had been frequently employed upon missions to the Emperor of Morocco. In Ockley's 'Account of South-west Barbary,' there is a letter from the Emperor to him, dated the 27th of October, 1682, which shows that there was a mutual interchange of civilities between them; it is written to acknowledge the receipt of a present of three English horses, which, however thankful he might be, the Emperor seems to think might have been improved upon, for he[14] remarks, 'everybody knows that a carriage requires four horses to travel.'

The support of the colony of Tangier appears to have been a matter of serious dispute between the King and the Parliament: repeatedly the King urged upon the House of Commons the importance of the place, and the House as often acknowledged it; but still withheld the supplies necessary for its defence.

The advantage derived from the Levant trade, the fact that two millions of money had been expended on the works, and various arguments in favour of maintaining Tangier, were at length fully set forth in a speech from His Majesty on the 17th of November, 1680: a reply was made to it in eighteen articles, but the following remarks will sufficiently explain the whole affair, and account for the final sacrifice of the colony:—

'It was said by the Parliament that the money granted for works had been misapplied;—that the same thing might happen again; and although they were, indeed, afraid of Tangier, they were more afraid of a popish successor.—It was a nursery, not only for popish soldiers, but also for priests and religious persons too, and that there had been sometimes a popish governor of the place, so that to succour it was but to augment their present evils.'

In December, 1680, and again, in a Royal Declaration, dated the 8th of April, 1681, its great importance was urged. At length, in 1683, the King, finding the expense of maintaining the garrison and fortifications greater than he was willing, or, unassisted by Parliament, able to bear, came to the resolution of recalling the one, and demolishing the other.

About the end of the year 1683, Admiral Lord Dartmouth[15] was sent to Tangier with twenty sail of the line, with orders to demolish the fortress and mole, and to bring away the inhabitants and garrison. Great sufferings had been endured for some time for want of supplies from England, and much joy was evinced by the former on the announcement being made. In six months all the arrangements to abandon this once favourite colony being completed, the final evacuation took place in April, 1684. The Portuguese government had offered a remuneration to have Tangier restored to that nation, but their power of defending it was questionable, and it was not considered prudent to risk so important a fortress falling into the hands of the Moors.

There are no means of ascertaining the number of officers and men lost by the Queen's Regiment during the twenty-two years of its service at Tangier; but to judge from the casualties amongst officers of superior rank, it must have been immense. The regiment had steadily persevered in performing the arduous duties required of it, and now retired from its post when a final evacuation of the fortress took place, by the King's command.

The Queen's Regiment left Tangier in April, 1684; and on its arrival in England it mustered 560 men, who were portioned into 16 companies. This number was part of 2300 troops, which had comprised the garrison of Tangier, and which, beside the Queen's Regiment, included

The want of confidence alluded to, as existing at this epoch between the Court and Parliament of England, did not terminate with the death of King Charles II., which event occurred on the 6th of February, 1685. His successor King James II. had scarcely ascended his throne, when the army was called upon to protect him from the designs of disaffected subjects, headed by the Duke of Monmouth, who had landed from Holland, and raised the standard of rebellion in the west of England. On this occasion the Queen's Regiment formed part of the forces assembled under the Earl of Feversham, and it is reported, that at the decisive battle of Sedgemoor, where Monmouth and his party were defeated, and his cause irretrievably ruined, 'the two Tangier regiments, Kirke's and Trelawny's, did good service [16].' Colonel Kirke was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General on the 11th of May, 1685, and afterwards appointed to command at Bridgewater.

Here we would willingly close the detail of this unfortunate affair; but there have been too frequent allusions to Kirke, and also to his regiment, by various historians, as connected with subsequent proceedings in Monmouth's rebellion to justify such a course. Lord Chief Justice Jeffreys was appointed by King James to conduct a special commission, and to pass judgment on the misguided people who had aided the ill-fated Duke and his adherents: Kirke with his regiment was ordered to escort the judges in their circuit; numerous are the acts of[17] barbarity which history has handed down as perpetrated by Jeffreys and Kirke in what were termed the 'bloody assizes,' and we are told that no less than 261 persons were executed. The remorseless character said to have been evinced by Kirke on the occasion was supposed to be the result of the long and sanguinary wars he had been engaged in with the barbarians in Africa; but Savage, in his history of Taunton, states, that 'on Kirke being afterwards upbraided for his conduct by General Foulks, he excused himself, and said he had an express order from the King and his General, and that his commission went further.' Kirke is represented as 'a loose and bold soldier of fortune;' and there cannot be a doubt but he made himself a willing agent to his ermined and sanguinary coadjutor; but we are inclined to believe his vices have been greatly exaggerated. The most outrageous acts attributed to Kirke were said to have been perpetrated in the neighbourhood of Taunton; and a piece of ground, west of the castle, where he and his force were cantoned, was called 'Tangier,' in allusion to the services of his regiment. Had the conduct of Colonel Kirke approached the violence attributed to him, it is not very probable that in the short space of four years it would have been so lost sight of as to admit a demonstration of joy similar to the following, noticed by the historian of Taunton already quoted: 'The people of Taunton, in commemoration of his (Kirke's) relieving Derry, when besieged by James II. in 1689, devoted an evening to the drinking of his health in public, the expenses of which may be now seen in an old church book.' Zeal for party, or misstatement, are at all times liable to disfigure the pages of history; and if the case of Kirke is not admitted as exemplifying this fact, a very short statement[18] will show that the character of his regiment has been unjustly implicated in these outrages. Dr. Toulmin and other writers remark, that the name of 'lambs' was given by Colonel Kirke to his soldiers, who were most ready to execute his cruel orders; but the truth is, that the regiment, as already shown, had the device of a Lamb on its colours and appointments from its first formation, and continues to bear it to this day. From this circumstance they were called 'The Lambs' long before the period alluded to, and without any connexion with its services in the West of England at this unhappy period.

After the decease of King Charles II. this regiment was styled 'The Queen Dowager's Regiment of Foot.' During the two years which followed Monmouth's rebellion, the Queen Dowager's Regiment formed part of a body of 12,000 troops assembled in camps for exercise on Hounslow Heath. King James made great efforts to ingratiate himself with this army: his success, as well as his object, on the occasion, will be inferred from the following remark given by Bishop Burnet—'That which abated the King's joy in seeing so brave an army about him, was, that it was visible, and on so many occasions, that his soldiers had as great an aversion to his religion as his other subjects had expressed.' An anecdote related of Colonel Kirke is further illustrative of the times:—when asked respecting a change of religion, he is stated briefly to have replied, 'he was pre-engaged; for he had promised the Emperor of Morocco, if ever he changed his religion, he would turn Mahomedan.'

An attempt to displace Protestants from various situations, civil and military, and to substitute Catholics, as well as to force popish recruits into the army, and other causes, at length brought on the Revolution; and[19] at this important crisis we find the Queen Dowager's Regiment faithful to the best interests of its country. The Prince of Orange (afterwards William III.) made good his landing at Torbay early in November, 1688, and marched to Exeter. The advanced position of King James's army was at Warminster, and comprised two battalions of Dumbarton's Regiment (the Royals) and Kirke's (the Queen's), a troop of Life Guards, and the Queen Consort's Regiment of Horse, now the First Dragoon Guards. The whole was commanded by Brigadier-General Kirke, who, on some frivolous pretence, refused to march to Devizes, for which he was placed in arrest, and ordered to London. The King, deserted by many of his followers, and even by a portion of his own family, adopted the resolution of retreating towards London, and caused his forces to retire behind the Thames to Staines and its neighbourhood; and ultimately, his Majesty vacating his throne, without any government being nominated, left the troops at liberty to use their own discretion. Little opposition was made to the advance of the Prince of Orange, who was soon joined by Kirke, and the latter was received by his new monarch with particular distinction.

King James II., with a view of maintaining his authority in Ireland, and assisted by Louis XIV., embarked from France, and landed at Dublin in March, 1689. The Protestants in that country were determined to resist his dominion, particularly at Londonderry, where, under the gallant direction of the Rev. George Walker, rector of Donoghmore, they nobly defended that city for several months, notwithstanding the Governor, Colonel Lundy, Colonel Thomas Cunningham, 9th Foot, and Colonel Solomon Richards,[20] 17th Foot, had resolved, in a council of war, that the place was not tenable, and that it would be imprudent to land those two regiments which had been sent to their assistance: these officers were in consequence cashiered, and the most active measures were taken for sending a further number of troops from England to the assistance of the Protestants, and to the relief of Londonderry.

Major-General Kirke was appointed to the command of the troops embarked on this service, on which the Queen Dowager's Regiment was employed, and, with Sir John Hanmer's (the 11th) Regiment, sailed from Liverpool on the 21st of May. Great difficulties were encountered in gaining access to Londonderry on account of the batteries which had been erected on each side of the river by the besieging army. At length the ship Mountjoy, under convoy of the Dartmouth frigate, forced a boom or barrier which had been placed across the river to obstruct the entrance, and General Kirke succeeded in landing men and provisions. The troops of King James were so dispirited by the success of this enterprize, that they abandoned the siege in the night, and retired with precipitation, after having lost some thousands of men before the place.

The Queen Dowager's Regiment continued in Ireland, and served with distinction in the army of King William at the battle of the Boyne on the 1st of July, 1690. It was also employed in the siege of Limerick; in the relief of Birr; and in December drove a division of the enemy out of Lanesborough.

In 1691 four men per company were mounted, and performed dragoon's duty [17]: the grenadier company was also mounted. In February the mounted part of[21] the regiment distinguished itself in an action at the Moat of Grenogue; and the remainder of the regiment took Cairn Castle and Conway Castle. In May the regiment defeated a body of Rapparees near Wyands-Town. It was afterwards employed at the siege of Athlone, which was carried by storm on the 30th of June, 1691. It is recorded that 'never was a more desperate service, nor was ever exploit performed with more valour and intrepidity.' Lieut.-General De Ginkell, to whom King William had entrusted the command of his army, was created Earl of Athlone for his conduct and success on this occasion. On the 4th of July ten mounted grenadiers of the Queen's Regiment and twenty horse, engaged 400 of the enemy's cavalry in the woods of Clanoult, and displayed astonishing bravery. Our men defended a bridge until half their numbers were killed, and then retired.

The Queen Dowager's Regiment was engaged at the decisive battle of Aghrim, in the county of Galway, on the 12th of July, 1691, when the French General St. Ruth was killed, and about 4000 of his troops. It was also engaged in the second siege of Limerick; and on the 22nd of September distinguished itself in an attack upon the works which covered Thoumond Bridge. So great was the loss of the enemy, that the place surrendered a few days afterwards.

The ambition and power of Louis XIV. caused England to unite with other nations to check the designs of France, and in 1689 the Earl of Marlborough proceeded to Flanders with several English regiments to join the army of the confederacy. In 1691 King William assumed the command of the allied forces in Flanders.

The war in Ireland having ended with the capitulation of Limerick, King William was thereby enabled to[22] withdraw some regiments from that country, and to re-inforce his army in Flanders: the Queen Dowager's Regiment was one of those selected for foreign service, on which it immediately proceeded.

Lieutenant-General Kirke, who was promoted to that rank on the 24th of December, 1690, joined the army in Flanders, and died at Breda on the 31st of October, 1691. The Colonelcy of the Queen Dowager's Regiment was conferred on Colonel William Selwyn, from the Coldstream Foot Guards, on the 18th of December, 1691.

In the spring of 1692, the preparations making by Louis XIV. of France, and the late King James II., for the invasion of England, caused King William to send back some of the regiments, which had been sent from Ireland to join the army in the Low Countries; amongst others the Queen Dowager's returned, and was encamped at Portsmouth. The glorious victory off La Hogue, obtained at this critical period by the gallant exertions of the fleet under Admiral Russell, dispelled all fear of invasion, and distracted the councils of the enemy. Seven thousand of the force assembled at Portsmouth, including the Queen Dowager's Regiment, were embarked under the Duke of Leinster with the intention of returning the compliment by making a descent on the coast of France; but this expedition being postponed, and ultimately abandoned, in consequence of the lateness of the season, the troops were ordered to proceed to Flanders. They landed at Ostend on the 22nd of August, and took and fortified the neighbouring towns of Furnes and Dixmude.

The Queen Dowager's Regiment continued to form part of the army on the continent, serving with distinction in various operations there, and more particularly at the battle of Landen on the 29th of July, 1693, where it was posted in the left wing of the allied army, and in conjunction[23] with the regiment of Hamilton (the Royals) defeated a superior force of the enemy, and retarded, for a time, the disasters of the day. Nothing could surpass the courage and perseverance of King William, whose presence with this portion of his troops urged them on to deeds of the greatest heroism. At length, weakened by repeated attacks from a far more numerous army, and having their ammunition expended, they retired, leaving their enemy little more than the name of a victory, for the Duke of Luxembourg gained no advantages, and his army had a greater number of officers and men killed and wounded than the allies. The Queen Dowager's Regiment lost in this battle Captain Collins, Captain Sandys, Lieutenant Campbell, Ensign Burt, and about 100 men.

The Queen Dowager's had also the glory of being in the line of circumvallation at the siege of Namur, and at the reduction of that fortress in August, 1695, which event was looked upon as one of the greatest in King William's military life. Namur was so well furnished and prepared for this attack, and so well situated, that the attempt to reduce it was considered one of the utmost temerity. It was defended by 15,000 chosen men, and commanded by a Marshal of France (Boufflers) who 'made the point one of the King's glory.' He was, however, forced to capitulate, after losing nearly two-thirds of his garrison, and the place was occupied by King William within two months from his investing it. On this occasion Colonel Selwyn, commanding the Queen's, was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General.

In the winter of 1695-6, the king of France assembled an army near Calais, for a descent upon England in favour of King James, who had privately concerted measures for a rebellion in this country, and had sent the[24] Duke of Berwick with a number of officers in disguise, through whose persuasions 2000 men were prepared to rise, at a moment's notice, under the directions of Sir John Fenwick [18]; at the same time a conspiracy was formed in London for the assassination of King William, and fifty men were engaged and prepared with arms to commit the diabolical act. The Queen Dowager's and several other regiments were immediately ordered to England to resist the threatened invasion. The plot was, however, discovered; many of the conspirators were apprehended and executed; and the designs of the enemy frustrated.

The regiment remained in England until the summer of 1697, when it again proceeded to the Netherlands, joined the army encamped before Brussels on the 14th of July, and on the 16th was reviewed by his Majesty. This war was terminated in September by the Peace of Ryswick; and the regiment returned to England the same year. The establishment of the regiment after the peace was 44 officers, and 884 non-commissioned officers and men.

On the 28th of June, 1701, General Selwyn exchanged from the Queen's to the 22nd Regiment of Foot, with Sir Henry Bellasis, Kt.

The throne of Spain having become vacant by the death of King Charles II., which took place in 1701, the Duke of Anjou was crowned king, under the title of Philip V., and was supported by his grandfather Louis XIV. of France.

The conduct of France alarmed the other Powers of Europe, and the death of the late King of England, James II., having taken place at St. Germains on the 16th of September, 1701, the resentment of England[25] against France was further called forth by Louis XIV. having proclaimed his son, (the pretended Prince of Wales) King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and having also influenced Spain to concur in the same affront and indignity.

War was determined, and whilst active preparations were making for prosecuting it, King William III. received a fall from his horse, and his death took place on the 8th of March, 1702. His policy was adopted by his successor, Queen Anne, who entered into treaties of alliance with the Emperor of Germany, the States General of the United Provinces, and other princes and potentates, for preserving the liberty and balance of Europe, and for reducing the exorbitant power of France.

Declaration of war was accordingly proclaimed against France and Spain on the 4th of May, 1702. The importance of rescuing Spain from foreign oppression, and of checking the ambitious views of France, was also acknowledged by the English Parliament, and liberal provision was made for increasing the means of prosecuting the war with activity and vigour, both by sea and land.

The Earl of Marlborough was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the English troops in Holland, whither he had proceeded as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, immediately after her Majesty's accession to the throne.

In the beginning of June, 1702, it was arranged that a naval force, consisting of fifty sail of the line, besides frigates, under Admiral Sir George Rooke, and a land force, consisting of nearly fourteen thousand men, under the command of the Duke of Ormond, should proceed to the coast of Spain. The following corps were employed on this service; namely,—

The armament appeared off Cadiz on the 12th of August, and the Duke summoned the place; but his terms being refused, he landed on the 15th, between Rota and Fort St. Catherine, where he encountered and repulsed some Spanish cavalry. The next operation of the army was the attack and capture of Fort St. Catherine and of Port St. Mary; but the attempt on Cadiz failed.

Bishop Burnet, in alluding to this expedition, remarks—'It is certain our court had false accounts of the state the place was in, both with relation to the garrison and the fortifications; the garrison was much stronger, and the fortifications were in a better state than was represented.' As a set-off to the miscarriage at Cadiz, the expedition did good service and made a valuable conquest at Vigo Bay, where the galleons from the West Indies, convoyed by a French squadron, happened at this time to arrive [19]. A passage of three quarters of a mile, which led into the[27] harbour of Vigo, was defended by forts on shore, and secured by a boom extending across the channel; the latter was also protected within by five line-of-battle ships, and flanked by two others. To facilitate the attack on this formidable barrier, the Duke of Ormond landed a portion of his army six miles from Vigo, and took by assault a battery of forty pieces of cannon, situated at the entrance of the bay. A British ensign, hoisted on this fort, was the signal for a general attack; the fleet in full sail approached, broke the boom at the first shock, and became closely engaged with the enemy's ships, whilst the British troops that had landed stormed and captured the batteries. After a vigorous defence, the French, finding they could not escape, destroyed a part of their fleet; but ten ships of war and eleven galleons were, notwithstanding, captured. This glorious exploit was tarnished by some abuses practised during the expedition; and so great was the plunder at Port St. Mary, and at Vigo, that a proclamation was issued for its recovery. Amongst others implicated in those disgraceful acts was Sir Henry Bellasis, who was second in command of the land forces, and was tried by a court-martial on his return to England, and dismissed the service. After this expedition the Queen Dowager's Regiment was landed and stationed at Portsmouth [20].

The Colonelcy of the Queen Dowager's Regiment was next conferred on Lieutenant-General David Colyear, Earl of Portmore, whose commission was dated the 27th of February, 1703.

In the early part of the year 1703 Queen Anne augmented her forces in the Netherlands. The Queen Dowager's was one of the corps that proceeded from England on the occasion, and joined the Duke of Marlborough, who was in command of the allied army, and began operations in the month of April. On the 10th of May following, the Queen Dowager's Regiment had an opportunity of distinguishing itself by a service, which evinced the utmost intrepidity and discipline, and, in fact, saved part of the allied army from being surprised by the enemy, and probably from severe defeat. The Duke of Marlborough, being engaged in the siege of Bonn, and the forces under Marshal D'Auverquerque dispersed in quarters, the French Marshals Villeroy and Boufflers determined to attempt the surprise of the latter: by a night march they arrived with a force of 40,000 men in the neighbourhood of Tongres, which was occupied by two battalions of foot,—one of Elst, (afterwards disbanded,) and the other of Portmore (the Queen Dowager's).

The speedy reduction of Tongres was necessary to the success of the French Marshals, and it was accordingly attacked with great vigour; but the two regiments defended themselves, with extraordinary bravery, for twenty-eight hours; and when at length reduced to surrender, they had secured time for Marshal D'Auverquerque to collect his forces in a position under the cannon of Maestricht, so strong, that the enemy declined a general engagement.

For its conduct at Tongres the Queen Dowager's[29] Regiment was made Royal, and obtained the motto, 'Pristinæ Virtutis Memor.'

Shortly after the above gallant affair, the capture of the fortress of Huy by the confederates enabled the Commander-in-Chief to obtain the release of the brave corps which had been made prisoners at Tongres, and the following provision was made for that purpose; viz.:— 'The Governor, 900 men, and two Brigadier-Generals to remain prisoners of war, till the two regiments taken by the French at Tongres are released.' These terms were speedily complied with.

Archduke Charles of Austria having been acknowledged as sovereign of Spain by a great part of Europe, was seconded in his efforts to establish his claim by a combined English and Dutch force, commanded by the Duke of Schomberg; and he was further encouraged in his undertaking by having Portugal for his ally. His object, was to enter Spain by the Portuguese frontiers, and the auxiliary force accordingly proceeded to Lisbon. The Queen Dowager's was one of the regiments selected for this service, and having embarked from Holland, the regiment landed at Lisbon on the 16th of March, 1704. The Duke of Schomberg was succeeded in his command by the Earl of Galway, who advanced with the army to the vicinity of Ciudad Rodrigo, but returned to Portugal for winter quarters.

In the summer of 1705 the Queen Dowager's Regiment was engaged in the siege of Valencia de Alcantara, which place was taken by storm on the 8th of May. The regiment was also employed in the siege and capture of Albuquerque; and in the unsuccessful attack on Badajoz, in which the Earl of Galway lost his right hand by a cannon ball.

On the 31st of December, Catherine, Queen Dowager of England, with whose history the early services of this regiment were connected, and from whom its original title and distinctions (as already remarked) were derived, died at Lisbon. Her Majesty was Regent of Portugal during the summer, (the king her brother being with the army) and had proved herself firmly attached to the interests of Great Britain [21].

In April, 1706, the regiment was engaged in the siege of Alcantara, in Spanish Estramadura, and on the 10th of that month distinguished itself in an attack on the enemy's post at the Convent of St. Francis; it was afterwards engaged in the siege and capture of Ciudad Rodrigo; and subsequently advanced with the army to Madrid.

This advance was in connexion with the operations of Charles, Earl of Peterborough, and of the combined English and Dutch fleets, the reduction of Barcelona, and the conquest of Catalonia and Valencia,—features important in history, which reflect the highest honour on the British arms.

Success seemed secured to the allies, when the cause of King Charles III., who had been proclaimed at the head of his victorious army at Madrid, was destroyed in consequence of intrigue and want of unanimity; and the[31] army was obliged to retire from the provinces it had conquered.

In the spring of 1707 the army, commanded by the Earl of Galway, under the orders of the Marquis das Minas, invested Villena; at the same time the opposing army, under the Duke of Berwick, advanced to Almanza, where he was attacked by the allies on the 25th of April. The enemy was considerably superior in numbers to the confederates. Smollet remarks of this action, 'The English and Dutch squadrons on the left, sustained by the Portuguese horse of the second line, were overpowered after a gallant resistance. The centre, consisting chiefly of battalions from Great Britain and Holland, obliged the enemy to give way, and move their first upon the second line; but the Portuguese cavalry on the right being broken at their first charge, their foot betook themselves to flight, so that the English and Dutch troops being exposed on the flanks, were surrounded and attacked on every side. In this dreadful emergency they formed themselves into a square, and retired from the field of battle. By this time the men were quite spent with fatigue, and their ammunition exhausted; they were ignorant of the country, abandoned by their horse, destitute of provisions, and out of all hope of supply. Moved by these dismal considerations they capitulated, and surrendered themselves prisoners of war, to the amount of thirteen battalions.' In this disastrous battle the allies lost 5000 men killed on the spot.

The following Return contains the number of officers killed, wounded, and prisoners of war, in this most unfortunate battle.

Return of the Number of the British Officers killed, wounded, and taken prisoners, at the battle of Almanza, on the 25th of April, 1707.

KEY:
A = Colonels and Lieut.-Colonels.
B = Majors.
C = Captains.
D = Subalterns.
E = Staff and Quarter-Masters.
Dn. Gds. = Dragoon Guards
Dns. = Dragoons

Of the Queen's Royal, Lieutenant Brady was killed; Lieutenant-Colonel Kirke, Major Cullyford, Captains[33] Laton, Arnott, Hart, Gossin, Giles, and Phillips; Lieutenants Jackson, Slack, May, Sawyers, Bracelay, Frazier, and Arthlony; Ensigns Nichols, Brown, Graham, Johnson, and Downs, and Surgeon Dalrimple, were made prisoners of war.

The severe losses sustained on this occasion, and on other services in Spain, induced the Earl of Galway to order the Queen's Royal and the 9th Regiments of Foot, after transferring their serviceable men to other regiments in Spain, to return to England, for the purpose of recruiting their ranks.

The regiment accordingly arrived in England in 1708, and, by active exertions, its casualties were soon replaced, and the men rendered fit to enter upon active service.

Lieutenant-Colonel Piercy Kirke was promoted Colonel by purchase, on the 19th of September, 1710, vice General the Earl of Portmore [22]. He was the son of its old Colonel, Lieutenant-General Kirke, and had served in the corps from the rank of Ensign, in 1686.

In 1711 the regiment formed part of a force of 5000[34] men ordered to proceed to America under General Hill, and to make an attempt on Quebec, with the object of effecting the conquest of Canada. A large fleet of men-of-war formed part of the armament, which was to be further strengthened by troops from the American colonies. The expedition did not reach the river St. Lawrence until the 21st of August, when it encountered storms, and being furnished with bad pilots, eight transports, a store ship, and a sloop were lost by shipwreck, and 29 officers, 676 soldiers, and 35 women of the 4th, 37th, Colonel Kane's, and Colonel Clayton's regiments, perished. There was also a scarcity of provisions. It was therefore determined, in a council of war, that further operations should be abandoned. Some of the regiments engaged in the expedition proceeded to Annapolis Royal, in Nova Scotia, but the Queen's returned to England, and arrived at Portsmouth on the 9th of October.

In consequence of the sudden death of the Emperor Joseph of Austria, and the election of Charles III. of Spain to the dignity of Emperor of the Romans, negociations were entered into by England and France, and hostilities were terminated by the peace of Utrecht, which was concluded on the 31st of March, 1713. The Queen's Royal were now permitted to remain for a period on home-duty.

Queen Anne was not unmindful of the arduous and faithful services which had been rendered by her troops in time of need, and recommended them to the consideration of parliament, as 'brave men who had exposed their lives in the service of their country, and could not be employed in time of peace.'

After the demise of her Majesty Queen Anne, on the[35] 1st of August, 1714, King George I. not having a Queen Consort, this regiment was styled 'Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales's own Regiment of Foot;' and when the death of King George I. on the 11th of June, 1727, brought the Princess of Wales to share the throne of England, its appellation was again changed to 'The Queen's own Regiment of Foot.'

The Queen's own Regiment was reviewed on Blackheath, in June, 1728, by his Majesty King George II., and furnished a guard of honour to her Royal Highness the princess Amelia, during her residence at Tunbridge Wells, in June and July, 1728.

In June, 1730, the regiment embarked for Gibraltar, and was employed in that fortress in 1740, when it was blockaded by the Spaniards, with whom war had been declared in 1739; but no serious impression was made on the place at that time, nor at any subsequent period of the war, which was terminated in 1748 by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Lieutenant-General Kirke, after commanding the regiment upwards of thirty years, died on the 1st of January, 1741; and was succeeded on the 12th of August following by Colonel Thomas Fowke, from the Forty-third Regiment.

In 1749, the year following the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, the regiment embarked from Gibraltar, and proceeded to Ireland.

Prior to 1751, the several regiments, both of cavalry and infantry, had been called after the names of their respective colonels: on the 1st of July of this year, a royal warrant was issued, for regulating the clothing, standards, guidons, colours, &c., of regiments, in which numerical titles were given to the regiments of horse,[36] dragoons, and foot. In this warrant the Royal Regiment of Foot, from its antiquity, was numbered 'The First Regiment of Foot;' and the Queen's Royal being the next in seniority, was numbered 'The Second Regiment of Foot.'

General Fowke was removed to the 14th Foot, and was succeeded in the Colonelcy of the Second, or Queen's Royal, on the 12th of November, 1755, by the Honourable John Fitzwilliam.

From the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, arts and sciences, trade and manufactures, had greatly flourished in England, and a rivalry existed with continental Europe for pre-eminence in advancing refinements and civilization. This prosperous state of things was interrupted in 1756 by war with France, and hostilities continued during the remainder of the reign of George II., and for three years in the reign of his successor George III. Peace was restored in 1763 by the treaty of Paris. This war had been pursued with vigour by Great Britain, whose fleets and armies triumphed in all quarters of the world. The Queen's Regiment was kept on duty in Ireland, which country was threatened by France with invasion. That nation, however, found sufficient occupation for her troops elsewhere, and the threat of invasion, as on other occasions, terminated on the part of France in wasteful preparations and presumptuous boast.

Major-General the Honourable John Fitzwilliam was removed to the 2nd Irish Horse, (now the 5th Dragoon Guards) and was succeeded by Sir Charles Montague, K.B., on the 27th of November, 1760.

The Queen's Royal Regiment continued in Ireland until June, 1765, when it was removed to the Isle of Man, where it remained until 1768.

In February, 1768, it was removed from the Isle of Man to Cork, whence it embarked for Gibraltar to relieve the 54th Regiment.

It remained at Gibraltar until 1775, when it returned to England and landed at Portsmouth on the 26th of December of that year. Lieutenant-Colonel Oswald, who was then in command of the regiment, issued, previous to its landing, some orders, expressing, among other things, his hope that the corps would insure its welcome to England, after an absence of half a century, by the closest attention to its duties, both civil and military.

The first quarters occupied by the Queen's Royal on its return to England were at Alton and Farnham, from whence the regiment marched, on the 9th of May, 1776, on a route for the north. Passing through London, the regiment was reviewed by its Colonel, Sir Charles Montague, on the 14th, and by his Majesty King George III. on the 17th of the same month, and arrived on the 26th of July at Tynemouth barracks, where it continued three years.

Sir Charles Montague [23] dying in 1777, Lieutenant-General Daniel Jones was promoted from the Third Foot Guards to the Colonelcy of the Queen's Royal on the 7th of August of that year.

In the summer of 1779 the Queen's Royal was one of the regiments of the line and militia assembled in the camp of exercise on Warley Common, after which it was quartered in Rumford, Ongar, and Epping.

On the breaking out of the riots in London in 1780, the Queen's Regiment was among the troops ordered to the metropolis, and encamped in Hyde Park on the 7th of June, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel William Dalrymple, on which occasion it received the thanks of Major-General Rainsford for its regularity and good conduct. On the breaking up of the camp in Hyde Park in August following, the Queen's Regiment, with a large portion of the troops proceeded to Finchley Common.

The regiment remained in England until the autumn of 1783, when it again embarked for Gibraltar; and during the time of its service in that garrison, his Royal Highness Prince Edward (afterwards Duke of Kent) having arrived, was appointed to the command of the Queen's, as appears from the following order, dated the 26th of February, 1790:—'His Royal Highness Prince Edward is posted to the Queen's Royal Regiment, of which he is to take command until further orders.' In the ensuing August the command of the regiment was resumed by Lieutenant-Colonel Woollicombe.

The regiment embarked from Gibraltar on the 25th of March, 1792, and landed at Portsmouth on the 24th of April following, where it went into barracks. On the 22nd of July it was encamped at Wickham Bushes, near Bagshot, under the Duke of Richmond, with two battalions of Royal Artillery, the 3rd, 14th, and 29th regiments, where it was reviewed by his Majesty; after the breaking up of the camp it returned to Portsmouth.

The repose granted to England by the peace of[39] 1763 was, a few years after that period, interrupted by legislative differences with the North American Colonies, and at length by measures, which led to a desperate and sanguinary war. Hostilities were commenced in 1775, and terminated in 1783, with the loss to Great Britain of that large portion of territory, the United States of America. During this important struggle, France had afforded active assistance in promoting the disunion of England and her American subjects. A spirit of republicanism soon afterwards began to spread in France. Anarchy, revolution, and bloodshed, and the execution of their king, followed in rapid succession. The latter act took place in 1793, and was the immediate cause of a war on the part of Great Britain and of Europe, against France.

In February, 1793, the Queen's Regiment was ordered to Dover and Folkstone to do duty over French prisoners of war. While on this duty, two of the newly-raised independent companies were added to the regiment, and a brigade of six-pounders attached to it. In August following it was embarked, with the exception of the staff, to serve as marines in the fleet under Admiral Earl Howe, and shared in the glorious victory over the French fleet on the 1st of June, 1794, which Earl Howe completely defeated, and seven of the enemy's ships were captured. Lieutenant John Neville, of the Queen's Royals, was killed on board the Charlotte, and Ensign Boycott was wounded on board the Defence. The gallant Admiral, in his public dispatch of the 2nd of June, expressed his thanks to the crews and military corps for the highly distinguished examples of resolution, perseverance, and spirit testified by them in the actions of the 28th and 29th of May, and the 1st of June.

Lieutenant-General Jones [24] died on the 20th of November, 1793, and was succeeded in the Colonelcy of the regiment by Major-General Alexander Stewart.

The regiment continued to serve on board the fleet until the 24th of November, 1794, when, with the exception of two companies, it was re-landed, and, by the incorporation of some independent companies, augmented to twelve companies, of four serjeants, two drummers, and 100 rank and file each. Of these, the ten companies on shore were formed into a Second Battalion, as appears by the Adjutant-General's letter of the 29th of November. Some time, however, elapsed before the regiment had either two pair of colours, or the staff of two battalions; but the corps, thus formed, was designated the Second Battalion, while the two companies, which remained doing marine duty on board the fleet, continued the nucleus of the First Battalion, waiting an opportunity, when their services should be no longer required as marines, to be filled up, which took place in the following year.

On the 20th of December, 1794, Major-General James Coates was appointed Colonel, vice Major-General Alexander Stewart, deceased [25].

On the 25th of December the Second Battalion embarked, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel the Earl of Dalhousie, for the West Indies, and arrived in Carlisle Bay, Barbadoes, on the 29th of March, 1795.

The year in which the regiment arrived in the West Indies was rendered remarkable by a series of brilliant achievements performed by the British forces serving in that part of his Majesty's dominions; and the valuable French possessions of Martinique and Guadaloupe were but a part of the captures made by the army and fleet under their respective commanders, General Sir Charles Grey and Admiral Sir John Jervis.

The National Convention, which at this period governed France, although busily and successfully employed in extending revolutionary power in Europe, was not indifferent to the events above alluded to; and an expedition to the West Indies was despatched from Brest, commanded by the famous Victor Hughes, a republican commissioner, for the purpose of recovering the conquered islands. A force of 2000 French troops arrived at Guadaloupe, and were quickly reinforced by a multitude of Mulattoes and Blacks, who were speedily clad in uniforms. Among this motley group, comprising slave and freeman, the doctrines of liberty and equality were disseminated, and led to a rapid overthrow of regular government, and to a frightful catalogue of outrages and disasters.

The same spirit of disorganization that devastated Guadaloupe was soon spread, through the instrumentality of agents, to the other conquered islands, and thus tended to weaken the power of the English forces at the principal point of attack:—added to this circumstance, the ranks of the British battalions had been thinned by an epidemic, most malignant in its nature, and it was found impossible to oppose an effectual resistance to the accumulated force which now assailed them. The island of Martinique was the only settlement that could be preserved, and this was not done without great exertions of the British troops, ably supported by the colonists.

The Queen's Royal had proceeded to Martinique shortly after its arrival in the West Indies; and so great had been its sufferings, that, at the termination of 1795, the total strength of the battalion in that country was reduced to 162 men, and of those, two serjeants and four privates were afterwards killed in an engagement with the French brigands at Vaughlin, and in the same affair we find Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Dalhousie numbered with the wounded.

In the month of July, 1795, the two flank companies of the regiment, already mentioned as being left on board the Fleet, were disembarked at Guernsey, and proceeded in the month following to Southampton: they had been augmented, and now formed the First Battalion of the regiment, which was already in a state of readiness for foreign service. In October, eight companies of the First Battalion, under Lieutenant-Colonel Harris, embarked, and formed part of the memorable expedition destined for the West Indies, under Major-General Sir Ralph Abercrombie and Admiral Christian.

On this occasion about 16,000 troops were collected[43] at Portsmouth, and on the 18th of November the fleet containing them stood down the Channel, but in a few hours it was overtaken by a dreadful hurricane, which caused many ships laden with men to be wrecked, and the coast about Weymouth to be strewed with dead bodies. Amongst the transports lost, was that having on board the flank companies of the First Battalion of the Queen's, who were afterwards collected at Plymouth, and commanded by Major Eyre. No further attempt was made to forward this portion of the regiment to its previous destination; but the six companies, under Lieutenant-Colonel Harris, proceeded onwards with the fleet, and in February, 1796, were landed at Martinique, where they formed a junction with the Second Battalion, serving in that island.

In addition to this timely reinforcement, the Second Battalion, during its service in the West Indies, was augmented by drafts from the Forty-sixth and Sixty-first regiments, and also by men of different regiments who had been prisoners at Guadaloupe, and who had been exchanged.

By Returns of the battalion in the West Indies, made at the above period, its casualties for a half year, ending

In 1797 the Second Battalion of the Queen's formed part of the expedition when Sir Ralph Abercrombie captured the Spanish island of Trinidad; and in the course of the same year, the serviceable men were transferred to the Fifty-seventh regiment, and the battalion,[44] comprising altogether seventy persons, was embarked, and returned to Europe.

The flank companies, which had been wrecked and left in England, were made the basis of another First Battalion, which was formed accordingly, and removed from Plymouth to Lyndhurst and Lymington.

In March, 1797, Lord Dalhousie, who had a short time previously returned from the West Indies, assumed the command of the First Battalion, which was marched to Tiverton, where it was brigaded with the Twenty-ninth and Fifty-eighth Regiments.

The quarters of the Queen's Royal, during the year 1797, continued in the western district, and in June the regiment moved to Plymouth Lines.

When the mutiny broke out in the fleets at Spithead and the Nore, and attempts were made to disseminate seditious publications among the soldiery, Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Dalhousie, and the Captains of the Queen's Royal, addressed a letter to the General Commanding the district, expressive of their firm reliance on the unshaken loyalty of the corps; at the same time, the non-commissioned officers and privates subscribed the sum of one hundred guineas to be applied towards the detection and punishment of any persons who should attempt to distribute unlawful papers, or offer, by bribes or any other means, to seduce the soldiers from their allegiance. The letter from the Lieutenant-Colonel and Captains, as also the resolution of the men, signed by the Serjeant-Major, Michael Eager, were entered, by order of the Colonel, in the Orderly Book of the regiment.

The latter document is transcribed into this record, as characteristic of British soldiers, who, in periods of political excitement, do not permit themselves to be withdrawn[45] from the fidelity and allegiance which they owe to their Sovereign, whom they have sworn to defend against all enemies.

On the 7th of October, the remainder of the Second Battalion, under Lieutenant-Colonel Harris, arrived from[46] the West Indies, joined the corps at Penzance, and the whole were incorporated into one battalion. In December the regiment was again marched to Plymouth, to do duty in Mill Prison; and on the 25th of the same month twelve lieutenants and two companies were reduced.

In February, 1798, the Queen's received orders to hold itself in readiness for embarkation. It was brigaded at Plymouth with the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-ninth, under the command of Lord Dalhousie, in March; and on the 12th of June following embarked at Barnstaple, under Lieutenant-Colonel Eyre, for Ireland, where republican principles had gained ground, and being encouraged by promised aid from France, the malcontents broke into acts of open rebellion. The regiment landed in Ireland on the 20th of February, and arrived at Fowke's Mill in the middle of the action between Major-General Sir John Moore and the rebels. On the next day, the army moved on to Wexford, which Lord Dalhousie entered with the flank companies of the Queen's Royal, and liberated Lord Kingsborough, and several other Protestant gentlemen, who were to have been put to death. Lieutenant Charles Turner [26], of the Queen's Royal, was one of the officers who,[47] a few days after, surprised and took prisoner the celebrated Bagenal Harvey, who had concealed himself in a cave in Saltee Island, and whose character for courage and desperation was such that few people would have ventured to approach his hiding-place.

When the French expedition under General Humbert landed in Ireland in July, 1798, the Queen's Royal marched to Tuam, where the army assembled. After the surrender of General Humbert, the regiment returned to Phillipstown, and wintered in Kilkenny, where they were brigaded with the Twenty-ninth regiment, under Major-General Peter Hunter.

In the early part of the following year, the brigade, with some guns, marched to Tullamore and to Phillipstown, to be ready in case of a rising in that part of the country: this, although apprehended, did not take place, and in six weeks the brigade returned to Kilkenny, and in June the Queen's moved from thence to Cork, and encamped at Monkstown.

In the month of July, the regiment embarked for England, landed at Southampton, and marched to the camp on Barham Downs, near Canterbury, where it was recruited by volunteers from the militia; and with the Twenty-seventh, Twenty-ninth, and Eighty-fifth regiments, it formed the third brigade of the army commanded by Major-General Coote. With this brigade, to which the Sixty-ninth regiment was afterwards added, it served during the expedition to Holland, and was engaged with the enemy at the Helder, on the 27th of August, 1799, when the army commanded by Sir Ralph Abercrombie made good its landing, in defiance of great natural obstacles at the point of debarkation, and also made an advanced movement, in opposition to every exertion on the part of an active enemy, to prevent it.

A detail of this gallant exploit states, 'the first success of this day was principally owing to General Coote's brigade, and the advance, consisting of the 23rd and 55th regiments, commanded by Colonel Macdonald, who, instead of waiting the attacks of the enemy, advanced on every occasion to meet them.' These brave efforts cost the British forces a loss of about 500 men.

In subsequent operations, during this arduous expedition, the Queen's Royal had the honour of contributing a full portion of its services, and was present when his Royal Highness the Duke of York, in Command of the Anglo-Russian forces, on the 2nd of October, 1799, gained a decided victory at Egmont-op-Zee, over a numerous army opposed to him on that occasion. Alluding to this action, his Royal Highness observes, 'Under Divine Providence, this signal victory, obtained over the enemy, is to be ascribed to the animated and persevering exertions which have been at all times the characteristics of the British soldier, and which, on no occasion, were ever more eminently displayed; nor has it often fallen to the lot of any general to have such just cause of acknowledgment for distinguished support.'

On the 6th of October the French and Dutch armies again contested the field with their opponents, and were once more forced by British valour to retire. In his report of this victory, the Duke of York remarks, that 'the gallantry the troops displayed, and the perseverance with which they supported the fatigues of the day, rival their former exertions.' The loss of the Queen's Royal in this action proves they were honourable competitors for glory.

Notwithstanding the successes of the British forces, they were precluded from a further advance, and from profiting by the just reward of their labours, in consequence of the lateness of the season, and the difficulty of obtaining supplies during the winter; besides which, the French army was receiving large reinforcements.

These and other causes induced his Royal Highness to desist from further offensive operations, and finally led to the withdrawing of the Anglo-Russian army from Holland, and to the termination of an expedition which, although unattended with full success, evinced distinguished merit and bravery on the part of the British commander and his army.

Nor must it be omitted, in alluding to this expedition, that at this period the old regiments had been considerably reduced by the arduous services against St. Domingo and the French West India islands, and were now chiefly made up from volunteers from the militia, hastily got together, and employed in active offensive operations before they could be properly organised and rendered fit for such duty.

Notwithstanding these disadvantages, the British troops employed in Holland upheld, by their gallantry and discipline, the honour of their country, and by the skill and attention of their officers, this short but active campaign prepared this little army to advance the glory of England in succeeding years, against the best organised troops in Europe.

Major-General Coote expressed, in orders, his approbation of the conduct of the Queen's Royal; and after the evacuation of Holland, the regiment landed at Yarmouth, from whence it proceeded to Ashford, in Kent, for the winter.

In May, 1800, the Queen's Royal marched to Plymouth, and embarked on board the Europa and Thisbe, on a flying expedition, under the command of General Sir Thomas Maitland and Admiral Sir Edward Pellew, which was employed in making descents upon the coast of France, and destroying batteries and small crafts. In this service, Major Ramsay, of the Queen's, led some successful attacks, and on one occasion (as recorded in 'Baine's History of the Wars') 'he seized several sloops and gun-vessels, and burned a national corvette of eighteen guns, by means of a detachment from the Queen's Regiment, assisted by the gun-launches under Lieutenant Pinfold.'

On the 15th of June, the regiment was encamped in the island of Houat, preparatory to an intended attack upon Belle Isle; but the plan was abandoned; the regiment re-embarked, and, with other corps, to the number of 5000 men, sailed, under the command of the Earl of Dalhousie, to reinforce Sir Ralph Abercrombie at Minorca, where it arrived on the 19th of July.

On the 29th of August, 1800, it was again on ship-board, forming part of the expedition against Cadiz, on the abandonment of which it became necessary to dispose of this force, which, although small, was considered the corps d'élite of England, and included almost the entire disposable force of the country.

The attention of Sir Ralph Abercrombie was directed towards the Mediterranean, and the reduction of Malta encouraged an expedition to that quarter. At this time Egypt was occupied by 30,000 French veterans, emboldened by conquest, and inured to the climate of the country. They had been taken from that army which, under Napoleon Bonaparte, had astonished Europe by[51] its successes in Italy and in Germany, and they were now awaiting a favourable opportunity to forward the ambitious projects that had been planned for them by their great leader, who had exultingly named them 'The army of the East.'

The attention of all Europe was directed to the struggle about to take place, in which the ambition of Bonaparte was supposed to have attained a crisis, and the fate of Asia was to be decided on the shores of Africa, by the two most powerful European nations.

A British army, amounting to about 15,000 men, assembled under Sir Ralph Abercrombie, at Marmorice Bay, on the coast of Asiatic Turkey, towards the end of December, 1800.

The Queen's Royal Regiment had proceeded from Cadiz to Gibraltar and Minorca, from whence it sailed to Malta, and now formed part of the above force. Some weeks were lost at Marmorice, in expectation of receiving reinforcements of Greeks and Turks; and the expedition did not proceed to its final destination until the 23rd of February, 1801. On the 1st of March it anchored in the bay of Aboukir, eastward of Alexandria; but notwithstanding all the exertions of the navy under Admiral Lord Keith's orders, the necessary arrangements could not be made for landing the troops, chiefly in consequence of unfavourable weather, until the 8th of March. On the morning of that day a signal rocket caused 150 boats, laden with 5000 men, to approach the shore. The clear silence of the morning broken by the deep murmur of thousands of oars urging forward the flower of a brave army, whose polished arms glittered in the rays of the morning sun, produced an interesting scene:—the floating battalions drew near the shore, which was crowded[52] with French troops; a combat ensued; and the bay of Aboukir resounded to the roar of cannon.

A body of French troops, supported by several batteries, awaited the arrival of their enemies, but were forced to give way in defiance of every exertion, and after severe loss. The loss of the British amounted to 576 rank and file, in killed, wounded, and missing.

The Queen's Royal Regiment was first employed under the command of Sir Sydney Smith, at the siege of Fort Aboukir; but on the 12th of March, seven companies, under Lieutenant-Colonel Jones, were ordered to join the army, and arrived in time to take a share in the victory of the 13th of March. The other three companies of the regiment remained with the Twelfth Light Dragoons (dismounted) before Aboukir, until the surrender of that fort on the 19th of March. The regiment was afterwards attached to the fourth brigade, under Major-General Sir John Doyle's command, and was present at the glorious Battle of Alexandria, on the 21st of March; when a protracted and well-contested fight terminated in victory to the British troops after a loss of between 1400 and 1500 men.

After the battle of the 21st of March, the Queen's Royal was detached, with the flank companies of the Fortieth regiment, under Colonel Spencer, to Rosetta, and was employed in the reduction of that town, and of the fortress of St. Julien, which commanded the navigation of the Nile, on which occasion one of the 'French Invincible Standards' was taken. The Regiment then proceeded with the army towards Cairo, and was engaged in the affair at Rahmanie,—the capture of the French convoy in the Desert,—at the surrender of Cairo—and in the escort of the French garrison from that[53] city to its place of embarkation. Subsequently, the regiment joined that part of the army which was engaged in the blockade of Alexandria, and was attached to the reserve brigade commanded by Major-General (afterwards Sir John) Moore. Alexandria surrendered on the 2nd of September, 1801, and the Queen's Royal was ordered to Fort Pharos, at the entrance of the harbour, where it continued until the following December.

In this campaign, the severe loss sustained by the British army in their active operations against the enemy was greatly augmented by deaths caused by fatigue, as well as by the climate of Egypt. The casualties in the Queen's were 36 killed and 70 wounded [27].

In the action of the 21st of March, Lieut.-General Sir Ralph Abercrombie, the commander-in-chief of the army, received a mortal wound, and died on the 28th of the same month. His merits are attested in General Orders issued to the army on the 16th of May, 1801 [28], and in the dispatch of his successor, General Hutchinson, in the following terms: 'His memory will be recorded in the annals of his country, will be sacred to every British soldier, and embalmed in the recollection of a grateful posterity.' The same officer adds, 'It is impossible for me to do justice to the zeal of the officers, and to the gallantry of the soldiers, of this army.'

By the conquest of Egypt, Great Britain effected a revolution, which, in a great degree, influenced the politics of nations throughout the world. The vaunting ambition of France received a timely check, by the defeat of the [54]boldest project which the mind of her greatest General had ever conceived; and the 'Army of the East' returned to their country, relieved, in a short campaign, of the fruits of four years' toil and glory.

The successful efforts of the British fleet and army were followed by a treaty of peace with France, which was concluded at Amiens on the 1st of October, 1801, by which Egypt was again restored to the Ottoman empire. The troops, as opportunities offered, were withdrawn from the scene of their brilliant achievements, and about the end of the year 1801 the Queen's Regiment embarked for Gibraltar.

The peace concluded at the above period was, however, of short duration, and did not tend to check the hostile spirit of Bonaparte, whose perfidious conduct and insatiable ambition rendered an appeal to arms again necessary, and Great Britain was obliged to declare war against France in May, 1803.

From the spring of 1802 until the end of 1805, the Queen's Royal formed part of the garrison of Gibraltar, and was highly complimented by his Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, for its loyalty, steadiness, and good conduct throughout the mutiny which occurred there. By the malignant fever which raged with great violence in that garrison in 1804, it lost in a few weeks one captain, six subalterns, and about 90 men, besides women and children.

While the regiment was at Gibraltar, the officers received permission to wear the medals which had been presented to them by the Grand Signior, for their services in the Egyptian campaign.

In November, 1805, the regiment embarked for England. One of the transports, having on board the two flank companies, and one battalion company under the[55] command of Captain Wilson, was taken on the 15th of December by the squadron of the French Admiral, Guillaumet, consisting of six sail of the line (one commanded by Jerome Buonaparte) and several frigates. The captured companies were put on board La Voluntaire frigate, where they remained prisoners about three months: they were subsequently restored to liberty in consequence of that vessel putting into the Cape of Good Hope, which she expected to find a friendly port, but which had surrendered a short time before to the British forces under Lieut.-General Sir David Baird and Admiral Sir Home Popham. At the Cape these companies remained about seven months, when they embarked once more for England, and rejoined the regiment in April, 1807.

In the mean time the head-quarters and the remainder of the regiment had landed, in December, 1805, at Portsmouth, its strength amounting to 20 officers, 31 serjeants, 12 drummers, and 289 rank and file.

In January, 1806, the regiment received new colours, on which, in addition to former devices, were the Sphynx, and the word Egypt, granted to it by his Majesty, in consideration of its distinguished conduct in that country in 1801, as already detailed.

In 1807 the establishment of the regiment was 696. In the month of June of that year it embarked for Guernsey, and remained there till June of the following year, receiving, during its stay in that island, 330 general-service men from the depôt in the Isle of Wight, and above 150 militia volunteers.

In June, 1808, the regiment returned to England, 860 rank and file strong, and was quartered at Ipswich, until the 18th of July, when it was brigaded with the Twentieth Foot and a battalion of the Ninety-fifth Rifles, under the command of Major-General Acland, and embarked[56] at Harwich for Portugal, to join the forces about to be assembled in that country.

The peace of Tilsit, which was concluded at this period between France and other continental powers, gave a more determined character to the war pursuing between England and France. Napoleon, who by this time had become sensible of his inability successfully to invade Great Britain, sought the humiliation of his rival in excluding, by the above treaty, the manufactures of England from the markets of Europe. As a part of his scheme for universal empire, he gained the royal family of Spain into his power by treachery, placed his brother Joseph on the throne of that kingdom by force, and effected the conquest of Portugal. Such acts of tyrannical ambition failed not to rouse the just resentment of England, and led to the bold determination of rescuing the Peninsula from the rapacious conqueror. Portugal was destined to receive the advance-guard of a British army, which, as in Egypt, was to encounter the victorious legions of Napoleon, and, as in Egypt, also to triumph. On the 1st of August, 1808, a body of British troops, commanded by Major-General Sir Arthur Wellesley, landed near Lisbon, and on the 17th of the same month they defeated a French force at Roleia. At this first meeting of the great rival powers, a severe struggle terminated in favour of English valour, and was a faithful precursor of the ability of the commander, and of the successes which were to accompany the gallant army on their future career.

After a tedious passage from England, Major-General Acland's brigade arrived in a small bay near Peniché, where it landed in the night of the 20th of August, and in a few hours joined the army under Sir Arthur Wellesley, in time to share the honours and triumphs[57] of the memorable battle of Vimiera. The brigade underwent much fatigue, and suffered some loss; and the General's dispatches bear evidence that it did its duty. After the convention of Cintra, by which Portugal was delivered from the power of France, the Queen's Royal crossed to Old Lisbon, and marched to escort prisoners of war from Fort La Lippe. His Majesty has graciously permitted the regiment to bear the word Vimiera on its colours and appointments, in commemoration of its gallantry in that battle.

In the autumn, when the army under Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore advanced from Lisbon into Spain, the Queen's formed part of Sir John Hope's division, which protected the march of the artillery by the south bank of the Tagus to Talavera de la Reyna, and from thence by the pass of the Guadarrama mountains, to form a junction at Salamanca with the Commander-in-Chief, the same being the only route considered passable for heavy guns.

Before the British troops were concentrated at Salamanca, the Spanish force which was to have co-operated with them had ceased to exist; it had been attacked, defeated, and dispersed by the French, who had 300,000 men in Spain. Sir John Moore, however, advanced with his army of about 23,000 men, until Bonaparte directed 80,000 veterans with 200 cannon against him: a retreat was immediately commenced. In all the fatigues, distresses, and privations of this memorable winter campaign, the Queen's regiment had its full share, and was brigaded with the 5th, 14th, and 32nd regiments under command of Major-General (now Lord) Hill. This brigade was posted in line on the left of Sir John Moore's position, when that officer fought and defeated the French forces in front of Corunna on the 16th of January, 1809. The glory of the[58] day was clouded by the loss of many brave soldiers, among whom the British army had to lament the death of its gallant commander [29].

The withdrawing of the British troops from Spain after the battle of Corunna was the consequent operation of Sir John Moore's retreat to the coast: arrangements for this purpose were therefore hastily concerted, and as speedily acted upon. A great portion of the army was enabled to embark in the harbour of Corunna during the night after the battle; at the same time General Hill's brigade retired to a position near the ramparts of the town, leaving the piquets of the brigade, under Lieutenant-Colonel Kingsbury, of the Queen's Regiment, employed as a rear-guard to cover the retreat of the army, and to keep the enemy in check by fires and other stratagems, until the embarkation was completed, almost without molestation; and General Hill's brigade followed from the citadel on the succeeding day. The troops embarked in such vessels as they could reach; the ships made the best of their way to England, and, in consequence of the stormy season, landed the troops at the first port they could gain. The Queen's Regiment arrived in parties, and was subsequently re-united at Ipswich.

In consequence of the gallant conduct of the Queen's Royal in the action at Corunna, the regiment has received his Majesty's permission for the word Corunna being borne on its colours and appointments [30].

A detachment of the Queen's Royal had been left in Portugal, when the corps advanced from Lisbon to Salamanca, and was assembled at Elvas under the command of Captain Gordon, who, with his detachment, joined the army of Sir Arthur Wellesley previous to its entering Spain. Captain Gordon's party was attached to the Second Battalion of Detachments, and had the honour of sharing in the victory at Talavera de la Reyna on the 28th of July, 1809 [31].

When the militia regiments were allowed, in 1809, to volunteer into the line, the Queen's Royal was very successful in recruiting, and its establishment was increased to 1000.

In July of the same year, the regiment formed part of the expedition under the Earl of Chatham to the Scheldt; was employed at the siege of Flushing, and, after the surrender of that fortress, it remained in quarters at Middleburgh, where it suffered severely from the Walcheren fever. On the evacuation of the island in December, the regiment embarked at Flushing, and returned to its old quarters at Ipswich.

During the year 1810, the regiment remained in England, where it was joined in August by the detachment which had been left in Portugal; and its numbers were thus increased to 1126 rank and file.

On the 25th of January, 1811, the Queen's Royal embarked at Portsmouth, with the Thirty-sixth, Second Battalion of the Forty-third, Fifty-first, and Eighty-fifth regiments, to reinforce the British army in Portugal. The fleet, commanded by Sir Joseph Yorke, encountered contrary gales, which so prolonged the voyage, that the[60] convoy did not reach its destination until the 2nd of March, when the regiment disembarked at Lisbon, and went into barracks in the castle. It was afterwards attached to the Sixth Division of the army, and engaged with it in the pursuit of the French army under Marshal Massena, who evacuated his position at Santarem, and commenced his retreat into Spain a few days after the arrival of the above re-inforcements. Many brilliant exploits were performed by the adverse armies during this retreat, and also in the subsequent operations on the eastern frontier of Portugal. The Sixth Division was subsequently employed in the south, under Sir Thomas Graham, covering the siege of Badajoz, which was menaced by the French Marshal, but surrendered to the bold and superior tact of Lord Wellington in April, 1812.

When Lord Wellington advanced into Spain in 1812, and occupied Salamanca, the Sixth Division was quartered in that city, and charged with the siege of the three fortified convents, in which the enemy had left garrisons. In the unsuccessful attempt to carry one of these forts, (that called St. Vincente) by escalade, on the night of the 23rd of June, in which Major-General Bowes fell, the light company of the Queen's lost Captain Sir George Colquhoun, Lieutenant Mathews, one serjeant, and six men killed, and was otherwise so reduced, that it was found necessary next day to draft ten men from each battalion company to complete it. After the reduction of these forts, the St. Caetano and La Mercea by storm, and St. Vincente by capitulation, the Sixth Division joined the army in the advance to Toro, and took part in the several movements which preceded and led to the battle of Salamanca.

On this glorious day, the 22nd of July, 1812, the Sixth[61] Division was originally posted in reserve, to support the Fourth and Fifth in the intended attack upon the enemy's centre and the heights of Arapiles. After the crest of the height had been carried by the Fourth Division, one division of the French made a determined stand, and after a sharp contest, obliged the British to give way. Marshal Beresford, who was on the spot, directed General Spry's brigade of the Fifth Division to change its front, and attack the flank of the enemy; and Lord Wellington ordered up the Sixth Division under Sir Henry Clinton, to relieve the Fourth, and the battle was soon restored to its former success. The French had now but one hill left, on which they had concentrated all their remaining forces. The Sixth Division was ordered to advance in line upon the enemy's position, which it did in a most gallant manner, under a heavy fire of 21 pieces of cannon and of musketry; and after a severe contest, the enemy fled through the woods towards the Tormes, protected by the approaching darkness of the night, by which many were enabled to escape: the defeat of the French army was now completed.

The loss of the Queen's on this day amounted to nearly one-half its number present, the light company being detached. One lieutenant (Denwoody) and 20 men were killed; its two majors, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Kingsbury and Major Graham, (both of whom afterwards received honorary medals from his Majesty,) severely wounded; one captain (Scott) and three lieutenants (Gordon, Williams, and Hudson), and 100 men wounded. In fact, towards the close of the action, a subaltern officer, Lieutenant Borlase, had the honour of commanding the regiment. In honour of its gallant services in this action his Majesty has been graciously[62] pleased to permit that Salamanca should be added to other distinctions on the colours of the regiment.

After the above defeat, Marshal Marmont withdrew the army of Portugal in the direction of Burgos, and Lord Wellington crossed the Douro and entered Madrid. The allied army made a further advance to Burgos, the siege of which was undertaken and pushed with vigour, but was abandoned in October, in consequence of a junction of the disposable French force in Spain, amounting to between 80,000 and 90,000 men, and the determination of the British commander to retire on the Douro, and subsequently to Salamanca and to Ciudad Rodrigo. When the army halted, the Queen's Regiment was quartered at Fulgoza de Salvador; and being much reduced in numbers, the head-quarters, with six skeleton companies, were sent to England, and the remaining four companies formed the right wing of the Second Provisional Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Bingham of the Fifty-third regiment. The companies of the Queen's were about one hundred effective rank and file each, and the battalion was posted to the Fourth Division, under Major-General the Honourable Sir G. Lowry Cole.

In the campaign of 1813, the four companies of the Queen's were frequently engaged, and showed the same spirit of valour and discipline for which the regiment had been distinguished on former occasions. In consideration of the services rendered by this portion of the regiment at the battle of Vittoria on the 21st of June of this year, and of its uniform good conduct in the series of actions which took place in the Pyrenees between the 26th of July and the 2nd of August following, his Majesty has graciously approved of the words Vittoria and Pyrenees, being borne by the regiment, in addition[63] to its other honourable badges of merit and royal favour.

In reporting the above brilliant affairs, in which the army of the allies, commanded by the Duke of Wellington, was eminently successful in driving the French force under Marshal Soult from their strong holds, his Grace observes, 'In the course of this contest (28th July) the Fourth Division, which has so frequently been distinguished in this army, surpassed its former good conduct.' In the action fought two days subsequently, when Marshal Soult's army was posted in a position so formidable, that the Duke of Wellington, in his dispatches, characterises it as one of the strongest, and most difficult of access, he had ever yet seen occupied by troops, the steep hill, crowned with French soldiers, was boldly ascended, and the front of the enemy's main position was fearlessly attacked by a part of Sir Lowry Cole's Division; on which occasion the Battalion, comprising the Queen's and Fifty-third Regiments, is mentioned as having been led by Colonel Bingham.

In conjunction with this operation, the Third Division, under Sir Thomas Picton, having advanced on the enemy's left, the French fled in great confusion, leaving 4000 of their infantry unsupported in the valley, one half of whom were obliged to surrender at discretion. Thus were the attempts of the French Marshal to relieve Pampeluna frustrated, and his army doomed to suffer defeat and severe loss in defiance of extraordinary exertions, which gave them sanguine expectation of success. In these affairs several men of the Queen's were killed, and Lieutenant Hutton and a great number wounded.

On the 2nd of August, the Fourth Division advanced[64] to the Puerto de Echalar, and afterwards moved to Lezaca to cover the head-quarters. At the latter place the Duke of Wellington remained stationary with his army in position to cover the siege of St. Sebastian, at this time pushed with great vigour by a portion of the allied army under Sir Thomas Graham.

No movement of consequence was made until the 31st of August, when the French crossed the Bidassoa in considerable force. With great fury they made repeated attacks on the Spanish position on the heights of San Marcial. The First and Fourth Divisions were, in consequence, moved forward to protect the flanks of the Spaniards, but the latter repulsed the enemy with such spirit, that they sought protection under their cannon; and giving up all hope of the relief of St. Sebastian, they re-crossed the Bidassoa, and during the night retreated from their position on the left bank of that river. In this operation the Second Provisional Battalion was left at the pass of the Crown Mountain, to keep up the communication with the Seventh Division.

On the 31st of August also the fortress of St. Sebastian was attacked and carried by assault. The British army had the proud satisfaction of victoriously entering the territory of France, and was led by its able commander to a position in front of the Bidassoa, considered one of the strongest in the Pyrenees, extending from Zugano Mardie by La Rhona to the sea.

In the storming of Marshal Soult's intrenched position on the river Nivelle, on the 10th of November, the attack of the centre columns was led by the four companies of the Queen's, supported by their comrades of the Fifty-third. The men carried bags of fern to fill up the ditch, and small scaling-ladders to mount the rampart of a[65] redoubt which they were ordered to take. In this service they were completely successful. The battalion advanced with a British huzza, and the enemy abandoned the redoubt and fled. A deep ravine, immediately in the rear of the work, prevented the further advance of the Queen's, who from the crest of the hill had opened a sharp fire upon the fugitives. For the gallant and successful services on this occasion, his Majesty has graciously sanctioned the addition of the word Nivelle to its other badges of distinction.

Soon after this action the army went into quarters for a short time, while preparations were making for crossing the Adour, and forming the blockade of Bayonne. The Queen's was sent to St. Jean de Luz for new clothing, and rejoined the division at St. Severe. The Fourth Division proceeded towards Bourdeaux, to support the Seventh under Lieutenant-General Lord Dalhousie, and after the surrender of that city returned to the Plains of Toulouse.

In the night of the 8th of April, 1814, the Fourth Division struck its tents, and proceeding by forced marches crossed the Garonne over a pontoon bridge; on the next day the army closed upon Toulouse. On the 10th the Division proceeded along the front of the enemy's strongly fortified position, exposed to a galling fire of grape, until it reached the right of their line, when it advanced up the heights; while the rest of the troops formed in two lines in its rear. A strong column of French now issued from the works, and threatened the flank and rear of the Fourth Division; but the Second Provisional Battalion, being thrown back en potence, opened a heavy fire and charged the enemy, who thereupon retreated to their trenches; the brigade then[66] pushed up the hill, and carried the point to which its efforts had been directed. The city of Toulouse was now enclosed on all sides except that of the canal of Languedoc, along which a road was left open by the Duke of Wellington, in order to save the town from the destruction which must have followed its being taken by storm. Of this road the French availed themselves, and, retreating during the night, encamped about three leagues off. Both armies being now apprised of the abdication of Napoleon, the battle of Toulouse closed at once the campaign and the war. In addition to the other marks of distinction granted to the regiment for meritorious services, it has been authorised by his Majesty to assume the word Toulouse.

In commemoration of the meritorious services performed during the Peninsula war, his Majesty was also graciously pleased to authorise the word Peninsula, to be borne upon the colours and appointments of the Queen's Royal.

The division of the Queen's Royal serving on the continent embarked at Barsac in June, and landing at Cork marched to Fermoy, where it stayed about a month, after which it proceeded to Plymouth, and subsequently joined the head-quarters at Chichester.

During the whole of the year 1815 the regiment was stationed at Gosport; and in January 1816 it was moved to Chatham, and from thence, on the 11th of April, to Portsmouth, where it embarked for the West Indies on the 24th of April, 1816, having previously received 300 general service men from the depôt in the Isle of Wight. It landed at Barbadoes on the 5th of June, where it was quartered in barracks at St. Anne's.

Some time before the Queen's arrived in Barbadoes,[67] martial law had been proclaimed in consequence of an insurrection among the negroes, which, however, was soon quelled. The sickly season, which usually sets in about the month of September, was this year one of the most fatal remembered for a long period, and the Queen's Royal felt all its severity. In October the yellow fever broke out and raged with unabated fury until Christmas, during which short space it carried off 11 officers, upwards of 200 men, and more than half the women and children of the regiment. The officers who fell victims to its fury were Major Conolly, Captain Gordon, Lieutenants Clutterbuck, M'Dougall, Grey, Norman, and Grant; Lieutenant and Adjutant Spencer, Assistant-Surgeon Pendergrast, and Ensigns Massie and Richmond, to whose memory their surviving brother-officers erected a handsome marble monument in the Cathedral Church of Bridgetown.

In 1817, the right wing of the regiment embarked for St. Vincent, and the left for Grenada; the men continued to suffer from dysentery, and other complaints which followed the ravages of the fever, and many were carried off. Amongst the number was Lieutenant Adams, who died of fever in Grenada.

In April, 1819, the regiment embarked for Demerara and Berbice, the head-quarters with seven companies being stationed at the first, and the three other companies at the latter place. The men were very healthy at the time of their arrival, but the climate of these colonies (originally settled by the Dutch), the soil of which lies below the level of the sea, soon, and severely, affected both officers and privates. They suffered first under intermittent fever, but the yellow fever afterwards[68] made its appearance, and carried off great numbers. The detachment stationed at Berbice, which remained perfectly healthy until the month of November 1820, was, in a few subsequent weeks, nearly annihilated by that baneful malady, amongst whose victims were Major Thistlethwaite, the commandant, and Lieutenant Glasson.

About this time the regiment received a new pair of colours, which were consecrated, in due form, on the parade ground near Eve Leary barracks, on the 10th of November, 1820, and presented by Mrs. Jordan, wife of Lieutenant-Colonel John Jordan, then commanding the regiment. After the ceremony a splendid entertainment was given by the officers.

The regiment having completed five years' service on the West Indian station, was relieved, in 1821, by the Twenty-first Fusiliers, and ordered home; it embarked on the 10th, sailed on the 13th of April, and landed at Gosport on the 13th of June. From Gosport it proceeded to Winchester, and after a short stay there, to Brighton, where it was reviewed by the Duke of York, when his Royal Highness was pleased to express his approbation of the appearance of the corps. On the 24th of August, 1821, the regiment, still at Brighton, was reduced to eight companies on the following establishment:—1 colonel, 1 lieutenant-colonel, 2 majors, 8 captains, 10 lieutenants, 6 ensigns, 5 staff, 29 serjeants, 24 corporals, 12 drummers, and 552 privates.

In April, 1822, the regiment received a route to march to Hull in Yorkshire, where it remained in garrison a few weeks: in June it was ordered to proceed to Dublin, and arrived there on the 13th of July following.

General Coates [32], after commanding the regiment nearly twenty-eight years, died on the 22nd of July, 1822, and was succeeded in the Colonelcy by Major-General Sir Henry Torrens, K.C.B., Adjutant-General to the Forces.

The regiment remained at Dublin until May, 1824, when it embarked for England, and proceeded to Gosport, and in the month of August following it was moved to Chatham.

In the early part of February, 1825, the regiment, consisting of thirty-two serjeants, twenty drummers, and seven hundred and forty rank and file, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel J. Williams [33], marched from Chatham, [70]and embarked at Gravesend for Bombay, where it arrived in the beginning of June, 1825. An augmentation of two companies, with a recruiting company, was made to the regiment on its embarkation for India service. This reinforcement sailed shortly after, and the whole corps, after assembling at Bombay, marched to Poonah, the capital of the Deccan, in which cantonment it arrived early in 1826. From Poonah four companies of the Queen's Royal were detached in September, 1827, on an expedition against the Rajah of Koolapore, in the Mahratta country, south of Bombay. The light company of the Queen's, with the light companies of the 20th and other regiments, were formed into a light battalion, under Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Place [34], of the Queen's, and proceeded for the above destination. The service terminated the same year by the surrender of the territory and the capitulation of the Rajah.

Major-General Sir Henry Torrens, K.C.B.[35] (Adjutant-General of the Forces), died on the 22nd of August, 1828, and was succeeded, as Colonel of the Queen's Royal, by General the Right Honourable Sir William Keppel, G.C.B., from the Sixty-seventh Regiment.

In the beginning of 1831, the regiment marched to Bombay, to take a tour of duty at the Presidency, and occupied its former cantonments at Calaba. The monsoon of 1831 passed off without any of the destructive effects which marked that of 1825, when the regiment lost many valuable men. The casualties in the regiment, from climate, were little beyond what might be expected in European countries; and during its service in India, the same result has attended the good order and regularity maintained in the Queen's. It is due to the corps to observe, that drunkenness has so far been kept within bounds as to be considered an unusual crime, and to be unknown in a company for a month together. To this happy cause may be attributed the healthy state of the regiment, and the circumstance of the hospital having at times been without a single soldier in it. If greater proof of the efficiency of the regiment were required, such would be perceived by reference to the reports of the inspecting generals.

In 1834 the Queen's was relieved by the 40th Regiment, and returned to its former cantonments in the Deccan.

General the Right Honourable Sir William Keppel [36], [72]G.C.B., died on the 11th of December, 1834, and the Colonelcy of the Queen's Royal was by his Majesty given to Lieutenant-General the Right Honourable Sir James Kempt, G.C.B. and G.C.H., from the 40th Regiment.

The Queen's Royal Regiment has continued to be employed in the Presidency of Bombay to the end of the year 1837, the period of the termination of this Record. It remains an efficient corps, and the laurels which it acquired in every quarter of the globe are preserved untarnished in the distant shores of India.

Note.—The Compiler of this Record feels it his duty to acknowledge the most effective assistance which he has derived from Major Charles Head, late of the Queen's Royal Regiment, and from the devotedness which that gentleman has evinced in searching for the detail of all occurrences in which the honour of his late corps was concerned.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The marriage portion of Queen Catherine included the city of Tangier, the Island of Bombay, and a sum equal to 300,000l. sterling. Tangier is a place of great antiquity, and was formerly one of the most splendid cities in Africa. It is stated by Procopius Cæsariensis to have been founded by the Phœnicians; it was known by the name of Tingis, or Tinja, and was taken by the Romans under Sertorius. It was afterwards captured by the Vandals, and was retaken by the celebrated Belisarius, who restored it to Justinian. On the invasion of the Saracens it was surrendered to them by Count Julian. In the fifteenth century it was the scene of several desperate engagements between the Moors and Portuguese; and in 1437 Prince Ferdinand was defeated before the city, and his army subjected to an ignominious capitulation. In 1471 it was taken by Alfonso V., king of Portugal. After the death of Sebastian, it fell into the hands of Spain; but upon the restoration of the Braganza family to the throne of Portugal, in 1640, it was once more annexed to that monarchy.

[2] A memorandum on the subject of Regimental Colours is given in the Appendix, and marked E.

[3] Copy of a letter addressed by King Charles II.:—

'To the Earl of Peterborough.

'Dated Whitehall, y_e 21^st of 10^ber 1661.

'My Lord Peterborough:—I am very well satisfied of your care and dilligence in the employment your are in, for which I thank you very heartily. And assure yourself I have soe just a sense of this and all your other services, as you shall find upon all occasions how much I esteem and value all those who serve me faithfully. I have noe more to adde at present only to desire you to lett those honest men knowe who are along with you, y^t they shall allwayes be in my particular care and protection, as persons y^t venture themselves in my service. And so wishing you a good voyage I remain

'Y^r very aff^nate friend

'Charles R.'

'Bibl. Harl., 6844.'

[4] Mercurius Publicus.

[5] These battalions were part of the royal force which fought for Charles I. during the civil war in England. In 1657 they entered the service of Spain; and in 1660 were placed in garrison at Dunkirk; in 1663 they were incorporated in the Queen's Tangier Regiment.

Dunkirk had been taken from the Spaniards by the combined armies of England and France in 1658, and was ceded in 1659 to England. It was sold by King Charles II. to the French, for 500,000l.

[6] Henry, Lord Mordaunt, second Earl of Peterborough, was the son and heir of John, first Earl of Peterborough, who died in 1642. He raised a regiment, at his own expense, in behalf of King Charles I.; was wounded at the battle of Newbury on the 27th of October, 1644, and in 1648 was concerned, with the Earl of Holland, in an attempt to rescue the King from his imprisonment:—the Earl of Holland was taken, and was beheaded in February, 1649; the Earl of Peterborough, and his brother John, (who was created Lord Mordaunt and Viscount Avelon on the 10th of July, 1659,) escaped, and were voted traitors to the Commonwealth, and their estates were sequestered.

The services of the Earl of Peterborough, in support of the royal cause, during the civil wars, entitled him to the favour of King Charles II. at the Restoration; and the Colonelcy of the Queen's regiment of foot, and the governorship of Tangier, were deservedly conferred upon a nobleman who, under the severest trials of his fortitude and consistency, had shown himself a constant and zealous supporter of monarchical government. He was employed in several important situations of trust in the service of King James II., and on the 20th of June, 1685, he was appointed colonel of the 3rd Regiment of Horse, (now the 2nd Dragoon Guards,) from which he was removed at the Revolution in 1688. His lordship died on the 19th of June, 1697, and was succeeded in his titles, &c. by his nephew, Charles, third Earl of Peterborough, so celebrated in the wars in Spain in the reign of Queen Anne.

[7] History of Tangier, published by authority in 1664.

[8] History of Tangier, London, 1664.

[9] Andrew Rutherford, Earl of Teviot, was of a Scotch family, and he commanded a battalion of Scots Guards in the French service for several years. He attained the rank of Lieutenant-General, in France, and enjoyed considerable reputation for his military talents. At the Restoration he accompanied King Charles II. to England, and having been especially recommended to the notice of his sovereign by Louis XIV., was created, in 1661, Lord Rutherford. He was appointed, on the 22nd of May, 1661, to succeed Sir Edward Harley as Governor of Dunkirk, which he held until the place was sold and delivered up to the French in 1662: on the 2nd of February, 1663, he was advanced to the dignity of Earl of Teviot. He was killed in an engagement with the Moors on the 4th of May, 1664, as above stated; and dying without issue, his title became extinct.

[10] The Earl of Middleton who was appointed Governor of Tangier, was John, first Earl, so celebrated in the History of Scotland during the civil wars, and in the early years of King Charles's Restoration. He had been deprived, in 1663, of all his offices, and received the governorship of Tangier as a kind of honourable exile. Charles, second Earl of Middleton, his son, followed the fortunes of the House of Stuart, and his estate was forfeited by Act of Parliament, 1695.

[11] William O'Brien, second Earl of Inchiquin, served under his father in Catalonia, and in other foreign wars, during which, being ordered to command the troops sent to assist the Portuguese in their revolt from Spain, he and his father, with all the family, were taken by an Algerine corsair. In this engagement he lost his eye by a shot. In 1675 he was appointed Captain General of His Majesty's Forces in Africa, and Governor and Vice-Admiral of the Royal Citadel of Tangier, and of the adjacent parts, in which government he continued six years. In 1688 he was attainted by King James's Parliament, and had his estate sequestered; during which troubles he headed a considerable body of Protestants in Munster, who, being surprised by Major-General M'Carthy, were all disarmed. After the Revolution, he was made Governor of Jamaica and Vice-Admiral of the seas thereof; in which island he lived sixteen months only after his arrival. He died in January, 1691, at St. Jago de la Vega.

[12] Sir Palmes Fairborne was son of Colonel Stafford Fairborne, of Nottinghamshire. He served as a soldier of fortune at the siege of Candia. There is a monument to his memory in Westminster Abbey, with a long and elegant inscription, in verse, from the pen of Dryden. His son, Sir Stafford Fairborne, was an Admiral in the reigns of King William and Queen Anne.

[13] Lieutenant-Colonel Sackville was promoted to the rank of Colonel on the 12th of June, 1685; of Brigadier-General on the 3rd of July, 1685; and of Major-General on the 7th of November, 1688. He gave up his commissions to King James II. on the 19th of December, 1688.

[14] Narrative of the great engagement at Tangier, 1680.

[15] Colonel Piercy Kirke had served under the Duke of Monmouth in the army of the King of France, by the special permission of his Majesty King Charles II., granted on the 23rd of February, 1673: he was Captain Lieutenant of the Earl of Oxford's own troop of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards in 1675, and was promoted from that regiment to be Lieutenant-Colonel of the Earl of Plymouth's, or the 2nd Tangier Regiment, (now the 4th Foot) on its being raised in 1680, and he embarked with it for Tangier in September of that year. Having distinguished himself in several actions with the Moors, on the death of the Earl of Plymouth at Tangier, he was promoted to the Colonelcy of the 2nd Tangier Regiment on the 27th of November, 1680, and was transferred to the Queen's Regiment on the 19th of April, 1682.

[16] The following rewards were paid to four soldiers of the Queen Dowager's Regiment of Foot, who were wounded at the battle of Sedgemoor: viz., James Barnes, John Rosse, James Resin, and John Pawling; ten marks, amounting to £6 13s. 4d. to each man.—War Office Records.

[17] Story's Wars in Ireland.

[18] Memoirs of the Duke of Berwick.

[19] A quantity of dollars was taken by the Queen Dowager's Regiment at Vigo, and a number of them was distributed amongst the soldiers as a reward for their gallantry. After its return to England the regiment received 561l. 10s. prize-money. Bibl. Harl. 7025.

[20] The following was the disposition of the forces under the command of the Duke of Ormond, upon their arrival in England from Spain, in November, 1702, viz.—

Lloyd's 3rd Dragoons (detachment)			Portsmouth.
Foot Guards, 1st, and Coldstream			Gravesend and
			Chatham.
Sir H. Bellasis'	2nd	Foot	Portsmouth.
Churchill's	3rd	"	Chatham.
Seymour's	4th	"	Plymouth.
Columbine's	6th	"	Portsmouth.
Royal Fusileers	7th	"	Tilbury.
Villiers's (Marines)	31st	"	Plymouth.
Fox's (Marines)	32nd	"	Portsmouth.
Lord Shannon's			Chatham.

[21] The Queen Dowager Catherine was born at Villa Vicosa on the 14th of November, 1638, being daughter of Don Juan XVII., then Duke of Braganza, (afterwards King of Portugal,) and only sister of Don Alphonso XVII., and Don Pedro, afterwards King of Portugal. Her marriage with Charles II., King of England, was solemnised in Portugal, the Earl of Sandwich being proxy for King Charles on the 23rd of April, 1662. She embarked for England, and arrived at Portsmouth on the 14th of May (O.S.), and was married to the King by Doctor Gilbert Sheldon, the Bishop of London, on the 21st of the same month.

[22] David, first Earl of Portmore, K.T., was son and heir of Sir Alexander Robertson, Bart., of Strowan, in the county of Perth, who assumed the name of Colyear, and who was Colonel of one of the regiments of the Scots' Brigade in the service of Holland.

David Colyear engaged as a volunteer with the Dutch forces under the Prince of Orange, in 1674, and came to England with his Highness at the Revolution in 1688. He served, with great reputation, in Ireland and in Flanders, and was created Baron Portmore and Blackness in 1699. In 1703 he was created Baron Colyear, Viscount Milsington, and Earl of Portmore. He was promoted to the rank of General in 1710; in the same year he was appointed Commander of the Forces in Scotland, and was allowed to sell his colonelcy of the Queen's Regiment. He was appointed Governor of Gibraltar in 1713, and in 1714 he succeeded the Earl of Stair as Colonel of the Second, or Royal North British Dragoons. He died at Gibraltar, on the 2nd of January, 1730.

[23] Sir Charles Montague was the son of Brigadier-General Edward Montague, Colonel of the Eleventh Foot, and Governor of Hull, nephew of George, second Earl of Halifax, and great nephew to the celebrated minister Halifax. He had an elder brother, Edward, killed at the battle of Fontenoy, being then Lieutenant-Colonel of the Thirty-first Foot. Sir Charles attained the rank of Colonel in the army on the 30th of November, 1755; Major-General on the 25th of June, 1759; and Lieutenant-General on the 19th of January, 1761. He died on the 1st of August, 1777.

[24] Lieut.-General Daniel Jones was promoted to the Colonelcy of the Queen's Royal from the Third Foot Guards, in which regiment he had attained the rank of Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel on the 7th of November, 1759, and Major on the 18th of April, 1770. His commissions as a general officer were, Major-General on the 28th of August, 1777, and Lieutenant-General on the 19th of July, 1779.

[25] Major-General Alexander Stewart attained the rank of Captain in the Thirty-seventh Foot in 1761; and was promoted to be Major of the same regiment on the 9th of August, 1771. He was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Third Foot on the 7th of July, 1775; Colonel in the army on the 16th of May, 1780; and Major-General on the 28th of April, 1790. In the campaigns of 1794, in Flanders, he commanded the First Brigade of British infantry, from which he retired in consequence of ill health, brought on by severe fatigue about a month previous to his death. General Stewart was of Afton, in Wigtonshire, and Member of Parliament for Kirkcudbright.

[26] Lieutenant Charles Turner was promoted to a company in the African Colonial Corps, on the 8th of June, 1803; to a Majority of the same corps on the 18th of April, 1804; and to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the West Indian Rangers, on the 28th of May, 1807. He joined the army in Portugal, under Marshal Sir William Carr Beresford, K.B., and lost his left arm in the repulse of a sortie of the French from Badajoz, on the 10th of May, 1811, while in command of the 17th Portuguese Infantry. He was promoted to the rank of Major-General on the 19th of July, 1821; and was appointed Captain General and Commander-in-Chief in Africa, on the 24th of June, 1824; he died at Sierra Leone on the 7th of March, 1826.

[27] Lieutenant Derisley was killed while on piquet before the Fort St. Julien, Rosetta; and Ensign Allman was wounded in the action of the 21st of March. Besides those who died whilst the regiment was in Egypt, there were 56 left sick in that country on its embarkation, 29 of whom fell a sacrifice to disease.

[28] See General Orders in Appendix B.

[29] See General Orders of the 18th of January and the 1st of February, 1809, inserted in Appendix C.

[30] At the battle of Corunna, Samuel Evans, a private in the Grenadier company of the Queen's Royal, was carried off among the wounded. He was landed in England, and died in the Military Hospital at Plymouth, on the 30th of January. A post mortem examination showed that he had been shot through the heart, yet had survived sixteen days. His heart is preserved in the museum of the above Hospital.

[31] See General Orders of the 18th of August, 1809, in Appendix D.

[32] General James Coates was eighty-two years of age, and at the time of his death, the fourth in seniority on the list of Generals. He was appointed Major of the Sixty-sixth Foot, the 3rd of October, 1766, and Lieutenant-Colonel of the Nineteenth Foot on the 11th of September, 1775; of which regiment he continued to be Lieutenant-Colonel, till the 20th of December, 1794, when he was promoted to the Colonelcy of the Second. His commissions as general officer bear date, Major-General, the 28th of April, 1790; Lieutenant-General, the 26th of January, 1797; and General, the 29th of April, 1802.

[33] Lieutenant-Colonel Williams had been with the regiment in the West Indies. It was probably in consequence of his previous sojourn in an enervating climate that he felt, shortly after arriving in India, symptoms of chronic disease, so alarming when encountered in the heated regions of the tropics. A return to Europe was the course recommended, but Colonel Williams said, that having been honoured by his King with the command of an old distinguished corps, which he had conducted to the shores of India, he thought it was not for a soldier in the prime of life to abandon his post on the first summons, and preferred making trial of an elevated climate on the Neilgherry-hills, in hopes of rejoining his friends and comrades, with whose fortunes he wished to identify his own. The change of abode was found to prolong his life, but did not remove the complaint; and when a reluctant consent was given to depart for England, it was too late: the hand of death was approaching him, and he died at Cannanore, on the Malabar coast, whither he had been conveyed for embarkation.

[34] When Lieutenant-Colonel Place was ordered to Koolapore, he was so far gone in constitution, that his medical advisers suggested the propriety of relinquishing the attempt to proceed on active service. "I go—if I die on the road," was the reply of this respected officer. On this occasion, as above stated, he was charged with the command of a light battalion, and although no fighting took place, he gained the confidence and esteem of all who came in contact with him. Whilst employed on this expedition, he was appointed, by the Commander-in-Chief in India, (Lord Combermere,) to take command of the 41st Regiment, which was also at Koolapore. Like the former appeal, this was also one of duty and honour; and private considerations were again disregarded. Colonel Place had a perfect sense of his danger which at this time was but too apparent to every observer. He assumed the command of the 41st; and by his death, which followed in a few weeks after, his profession was deprived of a brave soldier, and his associates of a valuable friend. Colonel Place had seen much hard service in command of the light company of the 77th Regiment, whilst employed in the Peninsula war, and he had been quartered in Jamaica as major of the same corps shortly before his appointment as Lieutenant-Colonel to the Queen's.

[35] See Memoir in Appendix marked F.

[36] The Right Honourable the late General Sir William Keppel, G.C.B., died at Paris on the 11th of December, 1834: he served fifty-six years in the army, having entered the service in the year 1778. He served in North America and the West Indies, and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General in 1803; Colonel Commandant of the 60th Foot, 24th of April, 1806; Colonel of the 67th Foot, 1811; Colonel of the 2nd or Queen's, 1828; General in the army, 1813. Sir William Keppel was for many years Groom of the Bedchamber and Equerry to his Majesty King George IV., who bestowed on him the appointment of Governor of Guernsey, when it became vacant by the death of the Earl of Pembroke, in 1827.

APPENDIX.

THE SERVICES OF THE SECOND, OR QUEEN'S ROYAL REGIMENT OF FOOT;
THE SUCCESSION OF ITS COLONELS; &c.


Year.	STATIONS, Battles, Sieges, &c. &c. on which employed.	COLONELS, and Dates of Appointment.			Dates of Removal, &c.

1661	Raised for service at Tangier, on the northern coast of Africa.	{	Henry Mordaunt, second Earl of Peterborough. 30th Sept., 1661.	}	Resigned in April, 1663.
1662—Jan.	Embarked for Tangier	{		}
1663	At Tangier	{	Andrew Rutherford, Earl of Teviot. 9th April, 1663.	}	Killed at Tangier, 4th May, 1664.
1664 to	At Tangier	{	Henry Norwood. 10th June, 1664.	}	Died at Tangier, 1668.
1668 to	At Tangier	{	John, Earl of Middleton. 15th May, 1668.	}	Died at Tangier, 25th Jan.1675.
1675 to	At Tangier	{	William O'Brien, Earl of Inchiquin. 5th March, 1675.	}	Resigned, 1680.
1680	At Tangier	{	Sir Palmes Fairborne, Kt. 10th Nov., 1680.	{	Died of wounds at Tangier, 27th Oct. 1680, 14 days before the date of his appointment.
1681 } 1682 } 1683 }	At Tangier
		. . . . . . .
1684—April	Evacuated Tangier, and arrived in England	}
1685—July 5	England; in the battle of Sedgmoor, and assisted in suppressing the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth	}
1686 } 1687 }	England	}
1688—Dec.	England; was marched to Wallingford, Berks, on the arrival of King William III. in London; and on the abdication of King James II. it adhered to the Protestant King William	}
		}
1689	Embarked for Ireland, with 9th & 11th regiments, and assisted at the raising of the siege of London- derry	} }	Piercy Kirke, removed from the 2nd Tangier Regiment, now the 4th Foot. 19th April, 1682.	} }	Died at Breda, Oct. 1691.
1690	Ireland	}
— July 1	Battle of the Boyne; Siege of Limerick; Relief of Birr; Skirmish of Lanesborough	}
1691—Feb.	At the Action of the Moat of Grenogue; Capture of Cairn Castle; Capture of Conway Castle; Skirmish at Wyand's Town	}
— May		}
— June	At the Siege of Athlone	}
— July 12	At the battle of Aghrim
— Aug.	At the siege of Limerick
[75]		. . . . . . .
1692	Embarked for Flanders	} }
—	Returned to England
— Aug.	Re-embarked for Flanders
1693—July 29	Battle of Landen
1694	In Flanders
1695—July	Siege of Namur; returned to England	}	William Selwyn, promoted from the Coldstream Foot Guards. 18th Dec., 1691	{	Removed to the 22nd Regiment, 29th June, 1701, in exchange with Sir Hen. Bellasis.
1696	In England	}		{
1697	Proceeded to Flanders; Arrived in England after the Peace of Ryswick	}
1698 } 1699 } 1700 }	England	}
		. . . . . . .
1701	In England	} }	Sir Henry Bellasis, exchanged from the 22nd Foot. 28th June, 1701.	{	Dismissed in Feb. 1702, by sentence of a Court-Martial, for embezzlement of money, &c. at Port Saint Mary's.
1702	Embarked for Cadiz
— Oct.	Returned to England
		. . . . . . .
1703	Embarked for Holland	} }
— May	Distinguished at the defence of Tongres
1704	Embarked from Holland for Portugal
1705	Siege of Valentia de Alcantara	} }
	——— Albuquerque		David Colyear, Earl of Portmore.27th Feb., 1703.	}	Allowed to sell in 1710.
	——— Badajoz		David Colyear, Earl of Portmore.27th Feb., 1703.	}	Allowed to sell in 1710.
1706	——— Alcantara
	——— Ciudad Rodrigo
	Advanced to Madrid	}
1707—Apr. 25	At the battle of Almanza	}
1708 } 1709 } 1710 }	In England	}
		. . . . . . .
1711	Embarked on an expedition for Canada	}
	Returned to England	}
1712 } to } 1729 }	In England	} }	Lieut.-Col. Piercy Kirke, promoted by purchase. 19th Sept., 1710.	}	Died Jan. 1, 1741.
1730—June	Embarked for Gibraltar
1731 } to } 1740 }	Gibraltar
		. . . . . . .
1741 } to } 1748 }	At Gibraltar	} }	Thomas Fowke, from the 43rd (formerly the 54th) Regiment.12th August, 1741.	{	Removed to the 14th Regiment of Foot, on the 11th Nov. 1755.
1749	Embarked for Ireland
1750 } to } 1755 }	Ireland
		. . . . . . .
to		{	Hon. John Fitz-William. 12th Nov., 1755.	{	Removed to 2nd Irish Horse, now 5th Drag. Guards, 27th Nov. 1760.
1760	Ireland

[76]		. . . . . . .
1764	Ireland	} } }
1765 } to } 1768 }	Isle of Man
1769	Returned to Ireland, and embarked for Gibraltar		Sir Charles Montague, K.B. from the 59th Regiment. 27th Nov., 1760.	}	Died 1st August, 1777.
1770 } to } 1774 }	Gibraltar	} }
1775—Dec.	Returned to England
1776	England
		. . . . . . .
1777 } to } 1783 }	England	}
— Oct.	Embarked for Gibraltar	}
1784 } to } 1791 }	Gibraltar	} }	Daniel Jones, promoted from the 3rd Foot Guards. 7th August, 1777.	}	Died 20th Nov. 1793.
1792—April	Arrived in England	} }
1793—Aug.	England; embarked as marines in the fleet under Admiral Earl Howe	}
		. . . . . . .
1794—June 1	Engaged as marines in the victory over the French fleet	{	Alexander Stewart, promoted from the 3rd Foot. 20th Nov., 1793.	}	Died Dec. 1794.
— Nov.	Relanded from the fleet	{
		. . . . . . .
— Dec. 25	Embarked for the West Indies	} }
1795	In the West Indies
	Two companies at Guernsey
1796	In the West Indies
1797—March	Returned to England	} }
1798—June	Embarked for Ireland
1799—July	Embarked for England
— Aug.	Embarked for Holland, and engaged at the Helder	} }
— Oct. 2	Engaged at the battle of Egmont-op-Zee	} }
— Oct. 6	Engaged at Alkmaar	} }	James Coates. 20th Dec., 1794.	}	[See next page.]
— Oct.	Returned to England
1800—May	Embarked on an expedition to the coast of France
— June	Proceeded to Minorca, Gibraltar, and Malta	} }
1801—March	Proceeded to Egypt, and landed at Aboukir Bay	} }
— Mar. 21	At the battle of Alexandria	} }
— Dec.	Embarked for Gibraltar
1802 } 1803 } 1804 }	At Gibraltar
[77]		. . . . . . .
1805—Nov.	Embarked for England	}
1806	In England
1807—June	Embarked for Guernsey
1808—June	Returned to England	}
— July	Embarked for Portugal
— Aug. 21	At the battle of Vimiera
1809—Jan.16	At the battle of Corunna, and returned to England	} }
— July	Embarked in the expedition to Walcheren
— Dec.	Returned to England
1810	In England
1811—Jan.	Embarked for Portugal	}
1812	Advanced into Spain	}
— July 22	At the battle of Salamanca	}	James Coates. [Continued from preceding page.]	}	Died 22nd July, 1822.
1813—May 21	At the battle of Vittoria
— July	Engaged in the Pyrenees
— Nov. 10	At the battle on the Nivelle	} }
1814—April 8	At the battle of Toulouse
— June	Embarked at Barsac, and landed in Ireland
— July	Embarked for England
1815	In England
1816—April	Embarked for the West Indies.	} }
1817 } to } 1820 }	West Indies
1821—Aug.	Returned to England
1822—June	Embarked for Ireland
		. . . . . . .
1823	In Ireland	} }
1824—May	Embarked for England		Maj.-Gen. Sir H. Torrens, K.C.B. Adjutant-General to the Forces. 26th July, 1822.	} }	Died 22d Aug. 1828.
1825—Feb.	Embarked for Bombay
1826 }	Bombay
1827 }	Poonah
		. . . . . . .
1828 } to } 1834 }	Bombay Presidency	} }	Gen. Right Hon. Sir W. Keppel, G.C.B. from the 67th Regiment. 25th August, 1828.	} }	Died 11th Dec. 1834.
		. . . . . . .
1835	Bombay ditto	} }	Lt.-Gen. Rt. Hon. Sir James Kempt, G.C.B. from the 40th Regiment.23rd Dec., 1834.	} }
1836	Bombay ditto
1837	Bombay do.

Horse-Guards, 16th May, 1801.

The recent events which have occurred in Egypt have induced His Majesty to lay his most gracious commands on His Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief, to convey to the troops employed in that country His Majesty's highest approbation of their conduct; and at the same time His Majesty has deemed it expedient, that these his gracious sentiments should be communicated to every part of His Army, not doubting that all ranks will thereby be inspired with an honourable spirit of emulation, and an eager desire of distinguishing themselves in their country's service.

Under the blessing of Divine Providence, His Majesty ascribes the successes that have attended the exertions of his troops in Egypt, to that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons; but his Majesty desires it may be most solemnly and most forcibly impressed on the consideration of every part of the army, that it has been a strict observance of Order, Discipline, and Military System, which has given its full energy to the native valour of the troops, and has enabled them proudly to assert the superiority of the national military character, in situations uncommonly arduous, and under circumstances of peculiar difficulty.

The illustrious example of their Commander cannot fail to have made an indelible impression on the gallant troops, at whose head, crowned with victory and glory, he terminated his honourable career; and His Majesty trusts that a due contemplation of the talents and virtues, which he uniformly displayed in the course of his valuable life, will for ever endear the memory of Sir Ralph Abercrombie to the British Army.

His Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief having thus obeyed His Majesty's commands, cannot forbear to avail himself of this opportunity of recapitulating the leading features of a series of operations so honourable to the British Arms.

The boldness of the approach to the coast of Aboukir, in defiance of a powerful and well-directed artillery,—the orderly formation upon the beach, under the heaviest fire of grape and musketry,—the reception and repulse of the enemy's[79] cavalry and infantry,—the subsequent charge of our troops, which decided the victory, and established a footing on the shores of Egypt, are circumstances of glory never surpassed in the military annals of the world!

The advance of the army, on the 13th of March, towards Alexandria, presents the spectacle of a movement of infantry through an open country, who, being attacked upon their march, formed, and repulsed the enemy; then advanced in line for three miles, engaged along their whole front, until they drove the enemy to seek his safety under the protection of his entrenched position. Such had been the order and regularity of the advance!

Upon the 21st of March, the united force of the French in Egypt attacked the position of the British Army.

An attack, begun an hour before daylight, could derive no advantage over the vigilance of an army ever ready to receive it. The enemy's most vigorous and repeated efforts were directed against the right and centre. Our infantry fought in the plain, greatly inferior in the number of their artillery, and unaided by cavalry.

They relied upon their discipline and their courage. The desperate attacks of a veteran cavalry, joined to those of a numerous infantry, which had vainly styled itself Invincible, were everywhere repulsed: and a conflict the most severe terminated in one of the most signal victories which ever adorned the annals of the British nation!

In bringing forward these details, the Commander-in-Chief does not call upon the Army merely to admire but to emulate such conduct. Every soldier who feels for the honour of his country, while he exults in events so splendid and important in themselves, will henceforth have fresh motives for cherishing and enforcing the practice of discipline, and by uniting, in the greatest perfection, order and precision with activity and courage, will seek to uphold, and transmit undiminished to posterity, the Glory and Honour of the British Arms.

Nor is a less useful example to be derived from the conduct of the distinguished Commander who fell in the field.

His steady observance of discipline,—his ever watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops,—the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career,—the[80] splendour of his actions in the field, and the heroism of his death,—are worthy the imitation of all who desire, like him, a life of honour and a death of glory.

By Order of His Royal Highness
The Commander-in-Chief,

Harry Calvert,
Colonel and Adjutant-General.

The following regiments were employed in Egypt, in 1801, and were permitted by His Majesty King George the Third to bear on their Colours the Sphynx, with the word "Egypt," as a distinguished mark of His Majesty's Royal approbation, and as a lasting memorial of the glory acquired to His Majesty's Arms by the zeal, discipline, and intrepidity of his troops in that arduous and important campaign, viz.:—

11th Light Dragoons, 1 Troop, Captain Money.

12th Light Dragoons, Col. Archdall.

26th, afterwards 23rd Light Dragoons, Lieut.-Col. R. Gordon.

Hompesch's Hussars, Major Sir Robert T. Wilson.

Coldstream Guards, 1st battalion.

3rd Guards, 1st battalion.

Royals, 2nd battalion, Lieut.-Col. D. Campbell.

2nd, or Queen's Royal, Colonel Lord Dalhousie.

8th Foot, or King's, Col. Drummond.

*10th, Lieut.-Col. Quarrell.

13th, Lieut.-Col. Hon. C. Colville.

18th, or Royal Irish, Lieut.-Col. H. T. Montresor.

20th, Lieut.-Col. G. Smith.

23rd, or Royal Welsh Fusiliers, Lieut.-Col. J. Hall.

24th Foot, Lieut.-Col. J. R. Forster.

25th, Colonel W. Dyott.

26th, Col. Lord Elphinstone.

27th, or Inniskilling, Lieut.-Col. S. Graham.

28th, Colonel Hon. E. Paget.

30th, Lieut.-Col. W. Wilkinson.

40th, (Flank Companies) Col. B. Spencer.

42nd, or Royal Highlanders, Lieut.-Col. W. Dickson.

44th Foot, Lieut.-Col. C. Tilson.

50th, Col. P. Wauchope.

54th, Lieut.-Col. J. T. Layard.

58th, Lieut.-Col. W. Houstoun.

61st, Lieut.-Col. F. Carruthers.

79th, Col. Alan Cameron.

*80th, Lieut.-Col. J. Montresor.

*86th, Lieut.-Col. Y. P. Lloyd.

*88th, Lieut.-Col. A. Duff.

89th, Col. W. Stewart.

90th, Col. Rowland Hill.

92nd, Lieut.-Col. C. Erskine.

Ancient Irish Fencibles.

Queen's German Regiment.

De Roll's Regiment.

Dillon's Regiment.

Corsican Rangers, Major H. Lowe.

Note.—The 10th, 80th, 86th, and 88th Regiments proceeded from the East Indies, overland, under the orders of Major-General David Baird, to join the Army in Egypt.

His Majesty's Ship Audacious,
18th January, 1809.

The irreparable loss that has been sustained by the fall of the Commander of the Forces, Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore, and the severe wound which has removed Lieutenant-General Sir David Baird from his station, render it the duty of Lieutenant-General Hope to congratulate the Army upon the successful result of the action of the 16th instant.

On no occasion has the undaunted valour of British troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a severe and harassing march, rendered necessary by the superiority which the enemy had acquired, and which had materially impaired the efficiency of the troops, many disadvantages were to be encountered.

These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the troops themselves; and the enemy has been taught, that whatever advantages of position or of numbers he may employ, there is inherent in the British officers and soldiers a bravery that knows not how to yield,—that no circumstances can appal,—and that will ensure victory when it is to be obtained by the exertion of any human means.

The Lieutenant-General has the greatest satisfaction in distinguishing such meritorious services as came within his observation, or have been brought to his knowledge.

His acknowledgments are in a peculiar manner due to Lieutenant-General Lord William Bentinck, and the brigade under his command, consisting of the 4th, 42nd, and 50th regiments, which sustained the weight of the attack.

Major-General Manningham, with his brigade, consisting of the Royals, the 26th and 81st regiments, and Major-General Warde, with the brigade of Guards, will also be pleased to accept his best thanks for their steady and gallant conduct during the action.

To Major-General Paget, who, by a judicious movement of the reserve, effectually contributed to check the progress of the enemy on the right, and to the 1st battalion of the 52nd and 95th regiments, which were thereby engaged, the greatest praise is justly due.

[82]

That part of Major-General Leith's brigade which was engaged, consisting of the 59th regiment under the conduct of the Major-General, also claims marked approbation.

The enemy not having rendered the attack on the left a serious one, did not afford to the troops stationed in that quarter an opportunity of displaying that gallantry which must have made him repent the attempt.

The piquets and advanced posts, however, of the brigades under the command of Major-Generals Hill and Leith, and Colonel Catlin Craufurd, conducted themselves with determined resolution, and were ably supported by the officers commanding these brigades, and by the troops of which they were composed.

It is peculiarly incumbent upon the Lieutenant-General to notice the vigorous attack made by the 2nd battalion of the 14th regiment under Lieutenant-Colonel Nicolls, which drove the enemy out of the village, of the left of which he had possessed himself.

The exertions of Lieutenant-Colonel Murray, Quarter-Master General, and of the other officers of the General Staff, during the action, were unremitted, and deserve every degree of approbation.

The illness of Brigadier-General Clinton, Adjutant-General, unfortunately deprived the army of the benefit of his services.

The Lieutenant-General hopes the loss in point of numbers is not so considerable as might have been expected: he laments, however, the fall of the gallant soldiers and valuable officers who have suffered.

The Lieutenant-General knows that it is impossible in any language he can use to enhance the esteem, or diminish the regret, that the Army feels with him for its late Commander. His career has been unfortunately too limited for his country, but has been sufficient for his own fame. Beloved by the Army, honoured by his Sovereign, and respected by his country, he has terminated a life devoted to her service by a glorious death, leaving his name as a memorial, an example, and an excitement to those who shall follow him in the path of honour, and it is from his country alone that his memory can receive the tribute which is its due.

(Signed) John Hope,
Lieutenant-General.

[83]

GENERAL ORDERS.

Horse-Guards, 1st February, 1809.

The benefits derived to an army from the example of a distinguished commander do not terminate at his death: his virtues live in the recollection of his associates, and his fame remains the strongest incentive to great and glorious actions.

In this view, the Commander-in-Chief, amidst the deep and universal regret which the death of Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore has occasioned, recalls to the troops the military career of that illustrious officer for their instruction and imitation.

Sir John Moore from his youth embraced the profession with the feelings and sentiments of a soldier;—he felt that a perfect knowledge and an exact performance of the humble but important duties of a subaltern officer are the best foundations for subsequent military fame; and his ardent mind, while it looked forward to those brilliant achievements for which it was formed, applied itself, with energy and exemplary assiduity, to the duties of that station.

In the school of regimental duty he obtained that correct knowledge of his profession so essential to the proper direction of the gallant spirit of the soldier; and he was enabled to establish a characteristic order and regularity of conduct, because the troops found in their leader a striking example of the discipline which he enforced on others.

Having risen to command, he signalised his name in the West Indies, in Holland, and in Egypt. The unremitting attention with which he devoted himself to the duties of every branch of his profession obtained him the confidence of Sir Ralph Abercrombie, and he became the companion in arms of that illustrious officer, who fell at the head of his victorious troops in an action which maintained our national superiority over the arms of France.

Thus Sir John Moore at an early period obtained, with general approbation, that conspicuous station in which he gloriously terminated his useful and honourable life.

In a military character obtained amidst the dangers of climate, the privations incident to service, and the sufferings of[84] repeated wounds, it is difficult to select any one point as a preferable subject for praise: it exhibits, however, one feature so particularly characteristic of the man, and so important to the best interests of the service, that the Commander-in-Chief is pleased to mark it with his peculiar approbation—

The life of Sir JOHN MOORE was spent among the
Troops.

During the season of repose, his time was devoted to the care and instruction of the officer and soldier; in war he courted service in every quarter of the globe. Regardless of personal considerations, he esteemed that to which his country called him, the post of honour, and by his undaunted spirit and unconquerable perseverance, he pointed the way to victory.

His country, the object of his latest solicitude, will rear a monument to his lamented memory, and the Commander-in-Chief feels he is paying the best tribute to his fame by thus holding him forth as an Example to the Army.

By Order of His Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief.

Harry Calvert,
Adjutant-General.

[85]

The following Regiments composed the Army under Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore, at Corunna, on the 16th January, 1809.

Corps.			Commanding Officers.
7th	Light	Dragoons	Lieut.-Col. Vivian
10th	——	————	Lieut.-Col. Leigh
15th	——	————	Lieut.-Col. Grant
18th	——	————	Lieut.-Col. Jones
3rd	——	————, K. G. L.	Major Burgwesel
Artillery			Col. Harding
Engineers			Major Fletcher
Waggon Train Detachment			Lieut.-Colonel Langley
1st	Foot	Guards, 1st battalion	Lieut.-Col. Cocks
——	——	——— 3rd "	Lieut.-Col. Wheatley
1st	Foot,	3rd battalion	Major Muller
2nd	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Iremonger
4th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Wynch
5th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Mackenzie
6th	——	1st ditto	Major Gordon
9th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Cameron
14th	——	2nd ditto	Lieut.-Col. Nicolls
20th	——		Lieut.-Col. Ross
23rd	——	2nd battalion	Lieut.-Col. Wyatt
26th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Maxwell
28th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Belson
32nd	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Hinde
36th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Burn
38th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Hon. Charles Greville
42nd	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Stirling
43rd	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Gifford
		2nd ditto	Lieut.-Col. Hull
50th	——	1st ditto	Major Napier
51st	——		Lieut.-Col. Darling
52nd	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Barclay
		2nd ditto	Lieut.-Col. John Ross
59th	——	2nd ditto	Lieut.-Col. Fane
60th	——	2nd ditto	Lieut.-Col. Codd
		5th ditto	Major Davy
71st	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Pack
76th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Symes
79th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Cameron
81st	——	2nd ditto	Major Williams
82nd	——		Major M'Donald
91st	——	1st ditto	Major Douglas
92nd	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Napier
95th	Rifle	Regt., 1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Beckwith
		2nd ditto	Lieut.-Col. Wade
Staff Corps Detachments			Lieut.-Col. Nicolay
1st	Light	Battalion, K. G. L.	Lieut.-Col. Leonhard
2nd	——	ditto ditto	Lieut.-Col. Halkett

Horse Guards, 18th August, 1809.

The Commander-in-Chief has received the King's commands to notify to the Army the splendid victory obtained by His Troops in Spain, under the command of Lieutenant-General the Right Honourable Sir Arthur Wellesley, on the 27th and 28th of last month, at the Battle of Talavera de la Reyna.

His Majesty is confident that His Army will learn with becoming exultation that the enemy, after escaping by a precipitate retreat from the well-concerted attack with which Sir Arthur Wellesley, in conjunction with the Spanish Army, had threatened him on the 24th of July, concentrated his force, by calling to his aid the corps under the French General Sebastiani and the garrison of Madrid, and thus reinforced, again approached the Allied Army on the 27th of July; and on this occasion, owing to the local circumstances of its position, and to the deliberate purpose of the enemy to direct his whole efforts against the Troops of His Majesty, the British Army sustained nearly the whole weight of this great contest, and has acquired the glory of having vanquished a French army double their numbers, not in a short and partial struggle, but in a battle obstinately contested on two successive days, (not wholly discontinued even throughout the intervening night,) and fought under circumstances which brought both armies into close and repeated combat.

The King, in contemplating so glorious a display of the valour and prowess of His Troops, has been graciously pleased to command that his Royal approbation of the conduct of the Army serving under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wellesley shall be thus publicly declared in General Orders.

The Commander-in-Chief has received the King's commands to signify in the most marked and special manner the sense[87] His Majesty entertains of Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wellesley's personal services on this memorable occasion, not less displayed in the result of the battle itself than in the consummate ability, valour, and military resource with which the many difficulties of this arduous and protracted contest were met and provided for by his experience and judgment.

The conduct of Lieutenant-General Sherbrooke, second in command, has entitled him to the King's marked approbation. His Majesty has observed with satisfaction the manner in which he led on the Troops to the charge with the bayonet—a species of combat which, on all occasions, so well accords with the dauntless character of British soldiers.

His Majesty has noticed with the same gracious approbation the conduct of the several General and other Officers—all have done their duty; most of them have had occasions of eminently distinguishing themselves, the instances of which have not escaped His Majesty's attention.

It is His Majesty's command that His Royal approbation and thanks shall be given in the most distinct and most particular manner to the Non-Commissioned Officers and Private Men. In no instance have they displayed with greater lustre their native valour and characteristic energy; nor have they on any former occasion more decidedly proved their superiority over the inveterate enemy of their country.

Brilliant, however, as is the victory obtained at Talavera, it is not solely on that occasion that Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wellesley and the Troops under his command, are entitled to His Majesty's applause. The important service effected in an early part of the campaign by the same Army, under the command of the same distinguished General, by the rapid march on the Douro, the passage of that river, the total discomfiture of the enemy, and his expulsion from the territory of one of His Majesty's ancient and most faithful Allies, are circumstances which have made a lasting impression on His Majesty's mind; and have induced His Majesty to direct, that the operations of this arduous and eventful campaign shall be thus recorded, as furnishing splendid examples of military skill, fortitude, perseverance, and of a spirit of enterprise calculated to produce emulation in every part of His Army, and largely[88] to add to the renown and to the military character of the British nation.

By Order of the Right Honourable General Sir David Dundas, Commander-in-Chief.

Harry Calvert,
Adjutant-General.

The following Regiments were engaged at the Battle of Talavera de la Reyna, on the 27th and 28th July, 1809: viz.

Corps.			Commanding Officers.
3d Dragoon Guards			Lieut.-Col. Sir G. Calcraft
4th Dragoons			Lieut.-Col. Lord E. Somerset
14th Light Dragoons			Lieut.-Col. Hawker
16th —— ——			Major Hon. L. Stanhope
23rd —— ——			Lieut.-Col. Seymour
1st —— ——, K. G. L.			Lieut.-Col. Arentschild
Royal British Artillery			Lieut.-Col. Framingham } Brig.-Gen.
"	German ——		Major Hartineau } Howorth
"	Engineers		Lieut.-Col. Fletcher
"	Staff Corps		Major Dundas
Coldstream Guards, 1st battalion			Lieut.-Col. Hulse
3d	Guards, 1st battalion		Colonel Stopford
3rd	Foot		Lieut.-Col. Muter
7th	——	2nd battalion	Lieut.-Col. Sir W. Myers
24th	——	2nd ditto	Lieut.-Col. Drummond
29th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. White
31st	——	2nd ditto	Major Watson
40th	——	1st ditto	Major Thornton
45th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Guard
48th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Donellan
		2nd ditto	Lieut.-Col. Duckworth
53rd	——	2nd ditto	Lieut.-Col. Bingham
60th	——	5th ditto	Major Davy
61st	——	1st ditto	Colonel Saunders
66th	——	2nd ditto	Captain Kelly
83rd	——	2nd ditto	Lieut.-Col. Gordon
87th	——	2nd ditto	Major Gough
88th	——	1st ditto	Major Vandeleur
97th	——	1st ditto	Lieut.-Col. Lyon
1st	Batt. of Detachments*		Lieut.-Col. Bunbury, 3rd Foot
2nd	——	——————*	Lieut.-Col. Copson, 3rd Foot
1st and 2nd Light Batt. K. G. L. }			Major Bodecker
1st	Line	Batt. }	Major Bodecker
2nd	——	——	Lieut.-Col. Brauns
5th	——	——	Captain Hummelberg
7th	——	——	Major Burger

* These two Battalions were formed on the 1st of February, 1809, and consisted of detachments which had been left in Portugal, belonging to the Regiments composing the division of the army, which had marched into Spain under the orders of Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore.

The English Regiments of Foot had formerly a Colour to every Company [37]. They were afterwards formed into Three Divisions on the same principle as the Continental Armies, viz., Two wings of Musketeers, and a Centre Division of Pikemen. Each Division had a Stand of Colours, that it might act separately. The Swedish Infantry were formed in this manner, by Gustavus Adolphus, and were copied by Marshals de Turenne and Montecuculi.

This mode of formation was, however, changed during the reign of Queen Anne, when the general adoption of Bayonets took place, and, the Division of Pikemen being discontinued, the Third Colour became unnecessary, and was consequently laid aside.

The Queen's Royal Regiment had originally a Colour to every Company, and after the year 1688 it had Three Stand of Colours, in common with other Regiments: it happened, however, that the Third Colour was retained in possession by the Queen's Royal until 1750, probably from the long absence of the Regiment on Foreign Service, it having embarked in 1730 for Gibraltar, where it remained until 1749.

A belief had thus been induced that the Queen's Royal Regiment had been permitted, AS A DISTINCTION, to carry Three Colours, as appears by a Letter from General Robert Donkin, who entered the Regiment as an Ensign in 1747, and served in it until 1759. He states,—"On our marching over Island Bridge into Dublin duty in 1750, the Third Colour was, by order of General Fowke (then Colonel of the Regiment), taken out of my hand, furled, and never flew since. The men grumbled exceedingly. I felt myself hurt at being deprived of an honour no other Corps then enjoyed."

With a view of establishing Uniformity throughout the Army in the Colours, Clothing, and Appointments of the several Regiments,—a Warrant, dated 1st July, 1751, was issued by King George II., for regulating the Clothing, Standards, Colours, &c., of Regiments of Cavalry and Infantry. By this Warrant it is directed that—

[90]

"The King's or First Colour of every Regiment is to be the Great Union throughout;"—and that, "The Second Colour is to be the Colour of the Facing of the Regiment, with the Union in the Upper Canton."

At this period the Facing of the Queen's Royal Regiment was Sea-Green, which was the original Facing of the Corps.

It is further directed, in the same Warrant, under the head of "Devices and Badges of the Royal Regiments, and of the six old Corps," as follows:—

"Second Regiment, or, The Queen's Royal Regiment."

"In the Centre of each Colour, the Queen's Cypher on a red ground, within the Garter, and Crown over it: in the Three Corners of the Second Colour, the Lamb, being the ancient badge of the Regiment."

A subsequent Warrant was issued on the 19th December, 1768, by Command of His Majesty King George III., prescribing "Regulations for the Colours, Clothing, &c., of the Marching Regiments of Foot." This Warrant contains the same directions as that of 1751 regarding "the First and Second Colours of Regiments," and "the Devices and Badges of the Royal Regiments and of the Six Old Corps." The Facing of the Queen's Royal Regiment was, at this period, changed from Green to Blue.

Neither of the Royal Warrants above mentioned contains any Authority for the Queen's Royal Regiment bearing a Third Colour.

The foregoing Statement shows, therefore, that, although the Third Colour so long remained in possession of the Queen's Royal Regiment, after other Regiments had laid it aside, it had been erroneously considered that this Regiment had a peculiar privilege of carrying Three Stand of Colours.

To correct this error, and to maintain uniformity throughout the Army, His Majesty has recently directed "that no Regiment shall, under any circumstances whatever, display a Third Colour;" and the following Letter, dated 14th August, 1835, has been addressed, by His Majesty's Special Command, to Lieutenant-General the Right Honourable Sir James Kempt, G.C.B., as Colonel of the Second, or Queen's Royal Regiment, by the Adjutant-General of the Forces, dated

Horse Guards, 14th August, 1835.

Sir,
By desire of the General Commanding in Chief, I have the honour to make the following Communication to you, for your information and guidance; viz.:

[91]

The 5th Foot having, at Malta, preferred a Claim to the distinction of bearing a Third Stand of Colours, Major-General Sir Frederick Ponsonby referred the Case for Lord Hill's consideration, and his Lordship immediately submitted it to the King.

His Majesty at once disallowed this claim, and, at the same time, inquired whether a similar claim had been made and admitted in the case of any other Regiment.

Lord Hill mentioned the case of the Queen's Royal, and fully explained the grounds upon which the distinction of a Third Stand of Colours had, so recently, been conferred upon that Corps; when His Majesty was pleased to decide, that no Regiment in His Majesty's Service should be permitted to display a Third Colour, under any circumstances whatsoever,—and to command that His Majesty's said decision should be notified to you.

The King, however, expressed to Lord Hill His Majesty's earnest hope that you, and the Queen's Royal collectively, would regard this decision, not as a mark of His Majesty's forgetfulness of the uniformly high character of the Regiment, but solely as a proof of His Majesty's determination to establish uniformity in this (as in every other) respect throughout the Army.

His Majesty was graciously pleased to observe, that it was impossible for him to render more manifest the high estimation in which he held the character of the Queen's Royal, than by transferring an Officer of your reputation to the Colonelcy of it, from that of one of the most gallant and distinguished Regiments in the Service; viz., the 40th.

The King was further pleased to observe, that if it were wished upon your part, and upon the part of the Queen's Royal, that the Third Colour should be retained and preserved, His Majesty would not insist upon its being actually withdrawn; but, in making that observation, His Majesty expressly ordered, that on no account should the Third Colour ever be displayed in the Ranks of the Regiment.

Lastly, His Majesty was pleased to Command, that this Letter should be entered in the Regimental Record, as well as in the Standing Orders of the Queen's Royal.

I have, &c.,
John Macdonald, A. G.

South-Street, 19th August, 1835.

Sir,
I have had the honour to receive your Letter of the 14th Instant, signifying to me, by desire of the General Commanding in[92] Chief, that His Majesty has been pleased to decide, that no Regiment in His Majesty's Service shall be permitted to display a Third Colour under any circumstances whatsoever; and that, consequently, the Third Colour now in possession of the Queen's Royal shall not, from henceforth, be displayed in the Ranks of the Regiment.

I will, without delay, transmit a Copy of your Communication to the Officer Commanding the Queen's Royal in India, for his information and guidance, with Orders to enter the same in the Regimental Record, as well as in the Standing Orders of the Corps, in obedience to His Majesty's Commands; and I am persuaded, that the Officers and Men of the Queen's Royal, although thereby deprived of a distinction which the Regiment has for some time enjoyed, will, nevertheless, feel as I do, highly gratified by the very gracious terms in which His Majesty has been pleased to direct his decision upon the subject to be communicated to me.

I have, &c.,
(Signed) James Kempt.

To the Adjutant-General.

N. B. In a printed description of the Colours of every Regiment, published in 1684, no mention is made of the Queen's Regiment having the privilege of carrying an additional Colour.

The following is an extract from D'Auvergne's History of the Campaign in Flanders in 1693, relating to the Battle of Landen:—

"'Tis certain that we have taken from them (the French) Nineteen Colours and Thirty-seven Standards, which, considering the proportion of Forces, is more than they gained from us, particularly as to the Number of Colours; for besides that the French had double our number of Foot, their Battalions never have but Three Colours at the most in each;—our Brandenburg and Hanover Foot have as many Colours as there are Companies in every Battalion, insomuch that some Battalions have a dozen;—and, therefore, it is more for us in proportion to have taken Nineteen Colours from them, than if they had taken Fifty from us."

MEMOIR OF SIR HENRY TORRENS.

The following Memoir of the services of Major-General Sir Henry Torrens is inserted, not only with the view of recording his merits as an officer, but of showing to the army and to the public one of the many instances in which the talents of an active and enterprising officer were duly noticed and rewarded by the King, and by His late Royal Highness the Duke of York, as well as by other illustrious commanders of the army:—

Sir Henry Torrens was born at Londonderry in 1779, and having been educated at the military academy in Dublin, he was appointed to an Ensigncy in the Fifty-second Regiment on the 2nd of November, 1793, at the age of fourteen years; he was promoted to a Lieutenancy in the Ninety-second Regiment on the 14th of June, 1794; and on the 11th of December, 1795, was removed to the Sixty-third Regiment, then under orders for the West Indies. At the attack of Morne Fortuné in the island of St. Lucie, on the 1st of May, 1796, while serving with the army under Major-General Sir Ralph Abercrombie, he was severely wounded in the right thigh: after taking a prominent part in storming three French redoubts, he was employed for the space of seven months at an outpost in the woods against the Charibs: on the conquest of those people he was promoted to a company in the Sixth West India Regiment on the 28th of March, 1797. In 1798 he returned to England, and was appointed Aide-de-camp to Lieutenant-General Whitelocke, then acting as second in command under Earl Moira at Portsmouth; in November of the same year he went to Portugal as Aide-de-camp to General Cuyler, who commanded a body of auxiliary troops, sent thither by the British government, to repel the threatened invasion of that country by the Spaniards. While on service at Lisbon, he was removed to the Twentieth Regiment, on the 8th of August, 1799, and immediately relinquished the advantages of his Staff situation in order to join his Regiment, which was a part of the force then destined for the liberation of the United Provinces from the yoke of France. Throughout the short but arduous campaign in Holland, the Twentieth Regiment distinguished itself on every occasion, particularly at the battle of Alcmaar on the 2nd of October, 1799: on the retreat of the British and Russian troops upon the two villages of Egmont, and after a most severe conflict with the enemy from morning till night of the 6th of October, Captain Torrens received a severe wound from a musket-ball,[94] which, passing through the right thigh, entered the left, where it lodged so deeply as to baffle all surgical efforts to extract it.

On the return of the troops from the Helder, in November, 1799, Captain Torrens was promoted to a Majority in the Surrey Rangers, which he joined and commanded in Nova Scotia. In 1801 he came back to England, and exchanged, on the 4th of February, 1802, to the Eighty-sixth Regiment, then serving in Egypt, to which country it had come from India with a division of troops, under the command of Major-General Sir David Baird. Major Torrens lost no time in embarking for the Mediterranean: on his arrival at Alexandria, he found that the object of the expedition had completely succeeded, although attended with the melancholy loss of his revered commander and steady friend, Sir Ralph Abercrombie, who had been mortally wounded at the battle of Alexandria. As the expulsion of the French rendered the presence of a large force no longer necessary in Egypt, the auxiliary troops from India returned across the desert, and embarking at Cosseir, proceeded to Bombay. Soon after the arrival of the troops from Egypt, hostilities broke out between the English and the Mahrattas: in this contest Major Torrens again evinced his natural courage and talents, and obtained the approbation of the officers under whom he served: his health giving way to the active exertions he had made in the execution of his duty, and suffering under the effects of a coup de soleil, he was compelled to have recourse to a change of climate, and accordingly obtained leave to return to England. On arrival at St. Helena, he found his state of health so far improved as to induce him to forego his return to England, and to go back to his regiment. While at St. Helena, he formed an attachment to the daughter of Governor Patton, and was married. On his return to India, he served under General Lord Lake, until the conquest of Scindiah, the most formidable of the Mahratta Chiefs. On the 1st of January, 1805, he was promoted to the brevet rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and in the same year he returned to Europe: after his arrival in England, he was employed as Assistant Adjutant-General in the Kent District. He exchanged from the Eighty-sixth to the Eighty-ninth Regiment on the 19th of February, 1807, and in the same year he proceeded as Military Secretary to Lieutenant-General Whitelocke, with the expedition against the Spanish colonies on the Rio de la Plata, and was present at the disastrous attack upon Buenos Ayres on the 5th of July, 1807.

After his return to England, he was re-appointed an Assistant Adjutant-General on the Staff of Great Britain, and subsequently to be Assistant Military Secretary to His Royal Highness the Duke[95] of York, as Commander-in-Chief. In the month of July, 1808, he embarked with the expedition for Portugal, under the orders of Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wellesley, and was present at the battles of Roleia on the 17th of August, and of Vimiera on the 21st of August, 1808, for which he received a medal struck for the purpose of commemorating those victories, and of distinguishing the officers engaged in them: he received also from the Portuguese Regency the Chivalric Order of the Tower and Sword. These victories led to the Convention of Cintra, and to the consequent evacuation of Portugal by the French army under Marshal Junot, Duke of Abrantes.

Lieutenant-Colonel Torrens returned to England with Sir Arthur Wellesley about the end of the year 1808, and resumed his former situation as Assistant Military Secretary to His Royal Highness the Duke of York; he was promoted to be his Military Secretary on the 2d of October, 1809. He was appointed from the Eighty-ninth Regiment to a company in the Third Foot Guards on the 13th of June, 1811, and Aide-de-camp to the Prince Regent, with the rank of Colonel, on the 20th of February, 1812. He was promoted to the rank of Major-General on the 4th of June, 1814, and in the new arrangement and extension of the Military Order of the Bath in 1815, he was enrolled in the honourable list of Knights Commanders: he was appointed to the Colonelcy of the Second Garrison Battalion on the 5th of April, 1815; removed to the Royal African Colonial corps on the 27th of November, 1815, removed to the Second West India Regiment on the 21st of September, 1818, and on the 26th of July, 1822, he was promoted to the Second, or Queen's Royal; on the 25th of March, 1820, he was appointed from the situation of Military Secretary to that of Adjutant-General to the Forces.

During the period of his employment as Military Secretary, in which the most active operations of the late war took place, the labours of his office were excessive, and his health became affected; yet his exertions were never lessened, and after his appointment as Adjutant-General, he undertook, with considerable labour and zeal, the revision of the 'Regulations for the Exercise and Field Movements of the Infantry of the Army,' and, with the authority of His Majesty King George IV., engrafted in them the alterations and improvements which had been introduced and practised by different Commanders during the late war.

The death of Sir Henry Torrens took place suddenly, on the 22d of August, 1828, while on a visit to his friend Mr. Johnes Knight, at Welwyn, Herts., where his remains were consigned privately to a grave in the church of that parish.

FOOTNOTE:

[37] A warrant of King James II., dated 21st August, 1686, authorised the payment of £206 5s. 6d. for ten colours for the Queen's Regiment of Foot.—War Office Records.

Corps.	Present title.			Officers and men.
Lloyd's Dragoons	3rd Light Dragoons (Detachment)			275
*Foot Guards	1st and	Coldstream		755
*Sir H. Bellasis'	2nd	Foot		834
*Churchill's	3rd	"		834
*Seymour's	4th	"		834
*Columbine's	6th	"		724
*Royal Fusileers	7th	"	(3 Companies)	313
Erle's	19th	"		724
Gustavus Hamilton's	20th	"		724
Villiers's (Marines)	31st	Foot	(5 Companies)	520
*Fox's (Marines)	32nd	"		834
Donegal's	35th	"		724
Charlemont's	36th	"		724
*Shannon's (Marines)				834
				———
	{ Commanded by Baron }			9653
Dutch Regiments	{ Sparr and Brigadier }			3924
	{ Pallandt. }			———
				13,577

The Regiments marked thus landed at Vigo.*


REGIMENTS.		KILLED.					PRISONERS.
REGIMENTS.
		A	B	C	D	E	A	B	C	D	E

Harvey's Horse	2nd Dn. Gds.	1	..	1	1	..	..	..	..	2	1
Carpenter's Dns.	3rd Dns.	1	..	1	1
Lord Essex's	4th "	1	..	..	1
Killigrew's	8th "	1	..	..	1
Lord Peterborough's	Dns.	1	..	2	1	2
Edward Pearce's	Dns.	1	..	..	2	1	..	..	6	2
Foot Guards (1st and 2nd)		1	..	2	..	..	2	..	3	3	2
Lord Portmore's	2nd Foot	..	..	..	1	..	1	1	6	12	1
Southwell's	6th "	1	..	4	4	..	..	..	2	9	3
Stewart's	9th "	..	..	5	3	..	..	..	4	12
Hill's	11th "	..	1	3	2	..	1	1	5	13
Blood's	17th "	2	1	..	..	..	..	..	4	13	1
Lord Mordaunt's	28th "	..	..	1	1	..	1	1	3	12
Wills's Marines	30th "	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	1
Borr's Marines	32nd "	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	1	..
Wade's	33rd "	..	..	2	3	..	..	..	6	11
Gorge's	35th "	..	..	3	..	..	1	..	5	11
Allnutt's	36th "	..	..	2	3	..	3	..	..	10
Lord Montjoy's, disbanded in 1713		..	..	..	1	..	2	1	1	13
Bowles's	ditto	..	..	..	..	..	1	..	8	13
Bretton's	ditto	..	..	..	3	..	3	..	7	12
Mackartney's	ditto	1	..	..	4	..	2	1	6	11	1
Lord Mark Kerr's	ditto	2	..	3	3	..	..	1	2	11
Nassau's	ditto	..	..	1	4	..	1	1	6	10
Total		13	2	30	39	3	18	7	69	181	9
Number of wounded included as prisoners		..	..	..	..	..	3	1	16	67	5

	Officers.	Serjeants.	Corporals.	Drummers.	Privates.
In December, 1795, were	2	19	9	5	115
And for a half-year ending June, 1796	4	12	10	1	139

The Deaths for Twelve Months amounted to	6	31	19	6	254