The American Missionary

CONTENTS

EDITORIAL
NOT QUITE FREE—ENCOURAGING RESPONSES TO OUR APPEAL
THE MOHONK CONFERENCE
ORDINATION—THE YELLOW FEVER
THE SAMARITAN WOMAN
GENERAL SURVEY
OUR SCHOOLS—CHURCH WORK—MOUNTAIN WORK—THE INDIANS—THE CHINESE—WOMAN'S BUREAU—FINANCES
STUDENT'S LETTER
STRUGGLES IN THE "LONE STAR STATE"
THE CHINESE
REVIEW OF THE YEAR
BUREAU OF WOMAN'S WORK
WOMAN'S STATE ORGANIZATIONS
RECEIPTS

President, Rev. Wm. M. Taylor, D.D., LL.D., N.Y.

Vice-Presidents.

Rev. A.J.F. Behrends, D.D., N.Y.
Rev. Alex. McKenzie, D.D., Mass.
Rev. F.A. Noble, D.D., Ill.
Rev. D.O. Mears, D.D., Mass.
Rev. Henry Hopkins, D.D., Mo.

Corresponding Secretaries.

Rev. M.E. Strieby, D.D., 56 Reade Street, N.Y.
Rev. A.F. Beard, D.D., 56 Reade Street, N.Y.

Treasurer.

H.W. Hubbard, Esq., 56 Reade Street, N.Y.

Auditors.

Peter McCartee.
Chas. P. Peirce.

Executive Committee.

John H. Washburn, Chairman.
Addison P. Foster, Secretary.

For Three Years.
Lyman Abbott,
Charles A. Hull,
J.R. Danforth,
Clinton B. Fisk,
Addison P. Foster,

For Two Years.
S.B. Halliday,
Samuel Holmes,
Samuel S. Marples,
Charles L. Mead,
Elbert B. Monroe,

For One Year.
J.E. Rankin,
Wm. H. Ward,
J.W. Cooper,
John H. Washburn,
Edmund L. Champlin.

District Secretaries.

Rev. C.J. Ryder, 21 Cong'l House, Boston.
Rev. J.E. Roy, D.D., 151 Washington Street, Chicago.

Financial Secretary for Indian Missions.

Rev. Chas. W. Shelton.

Secretary of Woman's Bureau.

Miss D.E. Emerson, 56 Reade St., N.Y.

Relating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the Corresponding Secretaries; letters for "THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY," to the Editor, at the New York Office.

In drafts, checks, registered letters, or post-office orders, may be sent to H.W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New York, or, when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, 21 Congregational House, Boston, Mass., or 151 Washington Street, Chicago, Ill. A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a Life Member.

"I BEQUEATH to my executor (or executors) the sum of —— dollars, in trust, to pay the same in —— days after my decease to the person who, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of the 'American Missionary Association,' of New York City, to be applied, under the direction of the Executive Committee of the Association, to its charitable uses and purposes." The Will should be attested by three witnesses.

The American Missionary.

American Missionary Association

NOT QUITE FREE.

In the November MISSIONARY of last year, the financial statement bore the simple and joyous heading "FREE." This year we are compelled to prefix two qualifying words. Our books closed September 30, with a balance of $5,641.21 on the wrong side. While we regret that there should be any debt, we rejoice that it is no larger.

The receipts applicable to current expenses fell off somewhat during the year, while the expenditures, owing to general growth and some special demands were greater than last year. The first of September, therefore, found us confronting an impending debt. The appeal which we felt constrained to make for September, and which was made under some special disadvantages as compared with last year, was met with so hearty a response in gifts and in expressions of interest in our work, as to move us to gratitude to God and thankfulness to our friends. A few of the donors gave $1,000 each, but the larger share of the responses contained remittances of less than $100. Many of the sums were quite small, and some of them indicated great self-sacrifice on the part of the donors. A few brief extracts, all that our limited space will allow, from a small portion of the letters received, will be found below.

We thank God and take courage. We believe that our friends who remembered us in the past will not forget us in the future, and that our wants in October, and in all the following months, will not be forgotten because they were so well remembered in September. One thousand dollars a day represents our needs for carrying on the work in its present development.

Encouraging Responses to our Appeal.

"I would like to send you more, but I send you the last dollar I have ($71.00,) and must trust the Lord for means to support us until my next [pg 298] month's payment, and for means to go to the meeting of the A.B.C.F.M., in case I attend."

"Twenty-five cents of this money was from a woman 82 years old. She is almost helpless. The family in which she lives is very poor. She has not a penny that she calls her own. She said to me, 'Here is the widow's mite. I prayed that the Lord would send me something to give away. You please take it and send it where it will do the most good.' I send it to you trusting that with her prayers of faith, it may be useful."

The writer of a letter enclosing a donation of $10 adds in a postscript in regard to the donor: "Mrs. A—— was born May 5th, 1787, and is an old contributor."

"I have expended all my appropriation for charitable purposes this present year, yet I can, perhaps, curtail in some directions and so remit to you $20 as a small tributary to swell the stream for meeting indebtedness. I hope your appeal will accomplish the results desired.

"Through abounding grace, my wife and I are once more permitted the joyful privilege of sending for the general work of the American Missionary Association, $100 enclosed herewith in draft to your order. (Their third contribution this year. Ed.) Say to the dear brethren in the work of the Master: 'Be of good courage, fear not, for I am with you'; His own words enduring forever."

"Enclosed, please find check for $100. I am always glad to be remembered on special appeals when they are necessary, even if I cannot help. I do not know that I enjoy anything more than what I am able to give to the A.M.A. I trust your appeal will find many generous responses."

"Your kind and thoughtful letter of the 13th, received. It affords me real pleasure to respond to your call for our Association. The good Lord has more or less blessed me with opportunity and ability to acquire money, and may He forbid that I should turn his blessings into curses by hoarding the gifts of his providence, when the cry of the poor and down-trodden is heard. I enclose my check for $100 for the cause."

"It is a small contribution, but it comes from a small church. Certainly it represents a genuine interest in the work of your society and is accompanied with prayers for its success."

An executor, in remitting a legacy of $500 says: "It is not due according to the terms of the will till next spring, but you may find it useful at this time to help out the year."

We have received from Oaks, North Carolina, towards the extinguishment of our debt, a contribution from forty-nine different persons, amounting to $5.66. This represents a degree of sacrifice, not surpassed, perhaps, by[pg 299] any who have contributed. Seventy cents of it were in cash; sixty-six cents were value in fodder; one dollar and thirty-four cents in potatoes and corn; one dollar and one cent in work.

The missionary who is ministering to these very poor people says: "If all who love the A.M.A. would do as well, according to their ability, your treasury would be filled."

THE MOHONK CONFERENCE.

This Conference is unique in its character, and in the place where it is held. Lake Mohonk was born in a great earthquake that sunk it in its solid rocky bed, and piled up around it wonderful ranges of hills and vast splintered rocks. The splendid summer resort built on the margin of the Lake is the work of Mr. A.K. Smiley, a man of creative genius, and of kind manners and a warm heart. The house, or rather the range of houses, is picturesque, and the walks among the hills and down the rocky gorges, and the forty miles of excellent roads, give the widest scope for walking and driving.

The Conference is the invention of Mr. Smiley. To it, he invites annually a hundred or more guests, giving them the freedom of the house; and three days are spent in the discussion of Indian affairs, interspersed with afternoon drives amid the striking scenery. The invitation is extended to those who are supposed to be intelligently interested in the Indians; but within that limit there is the freest range—men and women of all political parties and of all religious denominations being included. The acts of the Conference, like the utterances of a Congregational Council, have only the authority of the reason that is in them; yet it is wonderful what an influence this peculiar body has had on public sentiment. Its utterances have been discussed and have had their weight in the pulpit, the press, in Congress and in the White House. The Indian and the Nation owe much to the Mohonk Conference.

The Sixth Annual Conference, which closed September 28th, sustained the interest of past years in the importance of the topics discussed, in the divergency of opinion at first, and in the complete harmony at the end. The points agreed upon in the platform were arranged under five heads. The first relates to the establishment of Courts of Justice in the Reservations and accessible to the Indians; the second to the important need of education, demanding that the Government shall undertake at once the entire task of providing primary and secular education for all Indian children; the third urges that this education shall be compulsory, under proper limitations; the fourth emphasizes the duty of the churches to furnish religious instruction to the Indians, and the immunity of their work from all governmental interference where sustained wholly by missionary funds; the fifth approves of the co-operation of the Government with the missionary[pg 300] societies in contract schools during the present transitional condition of the Indians. We append the last two items of the report.

4. In view of the great work which the Christian Churches have done in the past in inaugurating and maintaining schools among the Indians, and of the essential importance of religious as distinguished from secular education, for their civil, political and moral well-being, an element of education which, in the nature of the case, the National Government cannot afford, the churches should be allowed the largest liberty, not, indeed, to take away the responsibility from the Government in its legitimate sphere of educational work, but to supplement it to the fullest extent in their power, by such schools, whether primary, normal or theological, as are at the sole cost of the benevolent or missionary societies. And it is the deliberate judgment of this Conference that in the crisis of the Indian transitional movement the churches should arouse themselves to the magnitude and emergency of the duty thus laid upon them in the providence of God.

5. Nothing should be done to impair or weaken the agencies at present engaged in the work of Indian education. Every such agency should be encouraged and promoted, except as other and better agencies are provided for the work. In particular, owing to the anomalous condition of the Indians and the fact that the Government is administering trust funds that belong to them, what is known as the "contract system"—by which the nation aids by appropriations private and missionary societies in the work of Indian education—ought to be maintained by a continuance of such aid, until the Government is prepared, with adequate buildings and competent teachers, to assume the entire work of secular education. In no case should the Government establish schools to compete with private or church schools which are already doing a good work, so long as there are thousands of Indian children for whose education no provision is made.

ORDINATION AT NEW ORLEANS.

A council of Congregational Churches was held in New Orleans, Sept. 16th, for the purpose of ordaining Prof. Geo. W. Henderson, A.M., B.D., to the Christian ministry. Rev. R.C. Hitchcock, President of Straight University, was chosen Moderator. Mr. Henderson sustained an excellent examination, and was installed Pastor of the Central Congregational Church. The entire service was impressive, and Rev. Mr. Henderson enters upon a very responsible charge of a large church with many encouragements and hopes of great success.

OUR SCHOOLS AND THE YELLOW FEVER.

We have been extremely gratified with the manifestations of faith and courage on the part of our lady teachers in the South during the time of fear and panic because of the yellow fever. Some were already at their stations and in their schools, and some were on the way, subject to the trials of quarantine. Not one hesitated in the path of duty. Many teachers from the different parts of the North were ready to go when the reports of the pestilence were most alarming, but not one of the teachers who had previously been in [pg 301] the work, failed to await instructions to go forward whenever we should speak the word. We have been grateful to God during all these days of the autumn for the splendid qualities of consecration and courage which have come out of our correspondence with our honored teachers. Never did their fathers or brothers, years ago, when deadly war called them to face the perils of battle, show higher courage or a larger sense of duty. Almost all of our Southern schools are now in session, and begin with increased attendance.

SCHOOL ECHO.—A teacher writes: "One of my pupils who had been teaching during the summer came to me in despair over a sum, saying: "I can't understand sympathizing fractions."

(When we went to school years and years ago, "sympathizing fractions," meant broken candy. We understood, but the teacher didn't. Times change, and we change with them.)

THE SAMARITAN WOMAN.

"And they marveled that he talked with the woman."

Why? She was a sinful woman. But these disciples must even thus early in Christ's ministry have learned that he had come to call sinners, not the righteous, to repentance. She was a Samaritan! That was a larger reason for their marvel. They could rise above their hatred for sin more easily than their race prejudice; so can we. The Samaritans were an inferior people. Degraded they were. They had been degraded for centuries. The Jews shunned them. Socially our Lord was making a great blunder, perhaps a fatal blunder, in talking to this Samaritan woman. His cause was in its infancy. The hand of social prejudice would surely throttle it. Why antagonize the existing order of society? How much better to utilize it for the establishment and enlargement of the great and glorious kingdom of our Lord! This cause needed the influence of Jewish leaders. Why risk this potent influence for the sake of one miserable Samaritan woman, or, for that matter, for a whole race of Samaritans? It seemed very poor management of a cause, new in that country. "Far be such unwisdom from thee, Lord," we can hear the impassioned and worldly-wise Peter exclaim. But our Lord chose to sacrifice the temporary success of his kingdom that he might be true to the eternal principles of that kingdom; and so he talked with this sinful woman of this despised race just as considerately as with Nicodemus. He invited her to his discipleship just as cordially, and to the same discipleship. There is not a hint that the Good Shepherd built another fold for the Samaritan sheep, lest some of the Jewish flock should jump over the fence, if they were put into the same fold.

[pg 302] These Samaritans were not only degraded and despised socially, but they were also superstitious in their religious beliefs, and semi-heathen in their forms of worship. It would take generations to bring them up to a level with the Jewish Christians. They could not comprehend much of the intelligent preaching that Christ addressed to the Jews. Why not appoint a special missionary for them, and then quietly exclude them from the ordinary gatherings? This course would avoid criticism; it would not violate the established ideas of social and religious propriety. Nothing need be said about it. It would not be best to put it on parchment; just let it be quietly whispered about that the disciples thought it was better for the Samaritan Christians not to meet with the others. The disciples were surrounded by prejudiced people, to be sure, but these prejudices were very old; time would correct all these social and race inequalities. The disciples thought it better to ignore them, and just organize and carry on their work with no reference to these degraded and superstitious Samaritans. Such seems to have been somewhat the reasoning of these timid disciples. It was not our Lord's reasoning; the doors of his blessed kingdom opened to all. It required no magic sesame of race respectability to throw back these gates of pardon and hope. Sin must be left outside, but the sinner of every race and tribe was welcomed to all the privileges of this kingdom. We now see the wisdom and the divinity of our Lord's course.

Had these marveling disciples had their way, the sect of the Christians would have been added to the sects of the Herodians and the Sadducees, and been buried in the same grave centuries ago. The voice that talked with this Samaritan woman is heard round the globe now, and every century only adds greater authority to its divine utterance; and it is heard because it spoke with this despised Samaritan woman. Our Lord did not ignore this race prejudice; he rebuked it. And so these timid disciples, realizing only the temporary danger that threatened, marveled that he talked with this woman. God pity them! But how human they were. So to-day, in India, the missionaries of the cross, true to their Lord's great example, talk with pariah and Brahmin, and welcome them both to equal privileges in the kingdom of his grace—and men marvel. And so in Alabama and South Carolina, the missionaries of the cross, true to the same divine example, talk with black and with white, and welcome them both to the same privileges in this kingdom—and even some timid disciples marvel. But the principles of this divine kingdom do not change; the Lord of that kingdom, who talked with the sinful, weary, despised Samaritan woman, would, if here in bodily presence now, talk with the sinful, weary, despised black woman, no matter how much his worldly-wise disciples might marvel. His kingdom is built upon this eternal truth of human brotherhood, and it will endure because it is. Nothing short of this is of his kingdom, but will crumble to dust.

The Congregationalist

Forty-Second Annual Report Of The Executive Committee,

General Survey.

The field of missions is the world which lieth in darkness. We have to do with that part of it for which we are doubly responsible. It is in darkness and it is our own.

We look upon our own land, with its States equal in extent and capacity to foreign kingdoms. When we know that they hold the certainty of a future influence of which their past power has been but a prophecy, our fears press hard upon our hopes.

Nor are our work and our fears an intrusion. When the pestilence which walks in darkness brings the destruction which wastes at noonday, it is our call to feel deeply the distresses of those who are stricken. But plagues consuming human lives are less grevious than those which abide, and which, walking in the intellectual and moral darkness of a people, waste the lives of men and the hopes of souls. This is our call.

Remember that it is our own country where, in twelve great States, like empires, forty per cent. of the population cannot read, where, to-day, three-fourths of the illiteracy of the whole nation exists; where the darkness is increasing more rapidly than it is being lighted up; where much which passes for religion even among those who preach it, is a travesty upon Christianity, openly divorced from relationship with truth, purity, integrity and intelligence.

Our survey takes in questions that are painful; disturbing questions that are not in the North, nor in the West. They are difficult to meet. They are near, and the troubles which the questions hold are near. They come close to the heart of Christianity. They are close to the life of the churches. They are close to the first principles of human rights. They are questions that can have only one final solution, which may be so remote that fearful dangers will culminate in terrible disasters before the only remedy can do its work. There are now nearly eight millions of a Negro population, from four millions twenty years ago. There are more than two millions of mountain people in the South, one-half of whom cannot read. These benighted people live where there has never been a public-school system even for the more highly favored race, and where this more highly favored race deliberately assigns those who are not of its color to a permanent inferiority. The laws of caste are to be inflexibly enforced against all people of color who[pg 304] would rise from their low-down conditions. This is our Southern mission field, which God has committed to us, according to our faith and opportunity.

Those of our own race in the South could not do this work, which is upon our consciences and hearts, if they would. They do not see what we see. They would not if they could. They do not feel what we feel.

We are sent, not as philanthropists who hear the cry of the poor and needy, nor as patriots who realize the perils that overhang the State, but as missionaries of Jesus Christ who believe that salvation takes in the whole man, including philanthropy and statesmanship, and whatever builds up man for time and for eternity.

We have, however, no other charter for our work than that of missions. We have no other errand than that of the messengers of Christ. Only as we go in his name and with his spirit do we ask the churches to listen and hear with us, and with us to look and see.

OUR SCHOOLS.

Our missionary work has been largely in schools. It was God's providence. But these were always missionary centres.

Their number at the present time is ninety-three; seventeen of these in the Southern States are Normal Schools from which a large proportion of the pupils go forth as teachers. It is computed that of the 15,000 Negro teachers in the South instructing 800,000 pupils, 13,500 became teachers from missionary schools, and that a great army of more than 7,000 of these teachers received their education in the institutions of the American Missionary Association. Thus the faith of the churches multiplies and accelerates itself.

These Normal Schools are located in WILMINGTON, N.C., CHARLESTON and GREENWOOD, S.C., ATLANTA, MACON, SAVANNAH, THOMASVILLE and MCINTOSH, GA., MOBILE, ATHENS and MARION, ALA., MEMPHIS, JONESBORO, GRAND VIEW and PLEASANT HILL, TENN., LEXINGTON and WILLIAMSBURG, KY., to which must be added the large Normal and Industrial School at Santee Agency, Nebraska, the Oahe Industrial School and the Fort Berthold Industrial School, both in Dakota, and all three for the Indians, making altogether 20. The Association provides also the entire teaching force at the Ramona Indian School at Santa Fé, New Mexico. To these Normal Schools, we may add the six normal departments in our colleges with their superior normal instruction. From nearly all of these, strong appeals for enlargement have come to meet the demands of a healthy growth. We have cut, trimmed and denied, with a resolution that has been painful both in the office and in the field, and yet the growth is upon us. Without pushing our work, it is pushing us.

While ignorant millions need the truth and knowledge which we have, and there are resources in the hands of the disciples of Christ enough for [pg 305] this vast and increasingly urgent work, the necessity of denying the provisions for the development of success becomes well-nigh oppressive.

AT PLEASANT HILL, TENN., an important centre in our Mountain work, we have now, in addition to the new church, a school building unequalled in that region. A second building for a dormitory and boarding hall is nearly completed.

THE GRAND VIEW ACADEMY in the Mountain region, has also increased its school accommodations, and the look forward is to a large institution with far-reaching influence in the valley of the Cumberland and on the plateau. If we are to hold this region, we must take possession now.

We have also reassumed charge of a school at Beaufort, N.C. The people are already appealing to us in the accents of their own sacrifices for its immediate enlargement.

Providentially, and without our solicitation, a generous giver, of Brooklyn, N.Y., who had already added to many large benevolences in the South, the fine building known as Ballard Hall and the excellent shops for industrial training at Tougaloo, made a proffer of $11,500 to erect at Macon, Ga., a school building of brick, capable of accommodating six hundred pupils. This successful school had grown until it had taken possession of the church building for school purposes. This noble gift, bestowed after a personal inspection on the part of Mr. Ballard, and upon personal conviction of its immediate necessity, could not be refused, and the substantial and spacious building, with its furnishings, is now nearly ready for occupancy. It will call for increased contributions from the churches.

DORCHESTER ACADEMY, at McIntosh, Ga., is in a rice region remote from civilization and educational privileges, among thousands of Negro people very ignorant and poor. It cannot receive the pupils who beg for admission. Children are punctual at school from a distance of eight miles, lest they shall lose their privileges by tardiness or absence. Africa itself could scarcely send out a cry of greater need. We had decided to increase the capacity of this school, but are compelled to wait.

AT GREENWOOD, S.C., the interests are so great and the appeals were so reasonable, that it was voted to enlarge the facilities for the growing institution; but at the last we could not do this, and the laborers there continue their prayers and their hopes.

THE LINCOLN NORMAL INSTITUTE at Marion, Ala., was established in the year 1868, by the A.M.A. In the year 1874, the State of Alabama asked to assume the school, which had won a good name, and to increase its facilities for the education of the Negro. This was done. Last year, the work was deserted by the State and came anew into our hands. This, also, is an enlargement upon our schedule of work.

At LEXINGTON, KY., our Normal School has grown to such a degree that even the vestibules and halls of our insufficient building were crowded with eager pupils. Teachers were teaching, and pupils were studying, in conditions [pg 306] that none but missionary teachers would accept. For lack of room, industrial training has been impossible. The locality, meanwhile, has been surrounded by saloons, and houses that are worse. A benevolent lady who became acquainted with these facts offered $2,000 to purchase four acres of land for school and industrial purposes, and to give money sufficient for a new brick edifice with eight large school-rooms and all needful appointments and furnishings; the gift amounting to $15,000.

We believe that we were not wrong in accepting this trust in your behalf, even though it means more teachers and increased expenditures. We are confident that your Christian faith would not decline this Christian benevolence. Hence the plans for Chandler School are in the hands of the builders. Could some like-minded wealthy steward of the grace of God visit Williamsburg, Ky., in our Mountain White work, we might be compelled to face another such dilemma.

AT MERIDIAN, MISS., where Christian parents have besought us for years, past to open a missionary school, through which their children might be saved to morality and integrity of character during the formative periods of their lives, we have at last seen our way to answer their pathetic appeal in part. A day school with an industrial department is ready for the opening, the building having been constructed during the months of summer. For valuable aid in sympathy, counsel and influence in Meridian, we and the people to whom we are sent are greatly indebted to Rev. Wm. Hayne Leavell, of Meridian.

WHITNEY HALL, for the Indian boys at Santee Agency, is another noble gift of large Christian faith for our Normal School in Nebraska. We summoned our courage to take this, also, with what the enlargement includes.

These are the chief additions to our system of schools, though there have been less marked enlargements in other places. They are simply the growths of strong faith and strong life. They are the free and special gifts which came to us through the convictions of others who had realized the need.

The common schools, 35 in number, in eight different Southern States, are in the hands of faithful teachers.

There are six Chartered Institutions, behind which we have stood the year past.

TALLADEGA COLLEGE in Talladega, Ala., has had a year of exceptional interest. The college work is developing and the theological school was never better. The industrial departments in agriculture and the mechanic arts offer fine advantages. The institution increases in popular favor and is full of students.

ATLANTA UNIVERSITY in Georgia, under the temporary presidency of Prof. Francis, who was also college preacher and pastor, has moved on in its usual course. Through the successful solicitation of Prof. Bumstead, with our cordial and constant endorsement, sufficient Christian money came into [pg 307] the treasury to meet the deficiency caused by the withdrawal of $8,000 from the State of Georgia. The Association was able in its grants to share in this satisfactory result. At the last meeting of the Trustees, Prof. Bumstead was elected President for the ensuing year, and Prof. Chase, in view of a removal to New Mexico, resigned the professorship which he had ably held many years.

STRAIGHT UNIVERSITY at New Orleans, located in the most influential city of the Southwest, draws its students from refined Creole homes and from the rude cabins of the remote plantations. An interesting report gathered from twenty-two of its students who taught school during the summer vacation, tells us that they instructed 1,398 pupils in day schools and organized thirteen Sunday-schools, in which were taught 1,574 children, most of whom were absolutely unreached before. This summer record of Straight University students is a partial illustration of what is going forth from it year by year; and not from Straight only, but from all of our higher schools. The theological work in Straight is of incalculable importance.

TILLOTSON INSTITUTE, at Austin, Texas, has invigorated its normal course and has inaugurated a hopeful college preparatory department. The recipient of a special gift, it was enabled to complete a new industrial building, in which has begun a course of industrial training. It greatly needs a second dormitory hall for young women, and were not the institution so remote, some prophetic giver would see the urgency and the strategy of such a gift, and would make it. If, without the sight, some one shall be led to do this for Tillotson, he will reap the blessing of those who do not see and yet believe.

TOUGALOO UNIVERSITY, near Jackson, Miss., is an institution of exceeding interest. It has a department of Biblical instruction added to its course of study, in which students are prepared to preach the gospel. Its industrial facilities are excellent, both for agricultural and mechanical training. The students can take the timber from the tree, and the iron in the rough, and make wagons and carriages sufficiently good to compete with the best makers in the State. The school in all of its parts is controlled by the missionary spirit. Rev. F.G. Woodworth, of Connecticut, last year assumed the Presidency.

FISK UNIVERSITY, at Nashville, Tenn., is one of the oldest and most complete of all our Southern colleges, and has no superior among all the institutions in the country devoted to the education of the Negro. Giving relatively less attention to the industries, it models itself after our Northern colleges, and emulates them in the rigor of its intellectual studies and in the thoroughness with which it seeks to make good teachers and preachers; educators in the larger way for the race. It also has a department of theology. It has made its place, which it holds with enthusiasm and fidelity. If some one would give us, or leave us, money to endow this institution, he could scarcely send his influence further down the centuries than in this way. It would tell upon the race and upon the Nation.

[pg 308] In this glance at our schools, we see Christian schools. But they are more, they are missionary schools. We are bearing the torch of Christ into places of darkness. We teach the industries to them because they can be made tributary to the salvation of the people. They are the leaves of the tree of life, and the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the people.

We may not close this review of our school system without remembering those institutions now standing alone; great Hampton, in whose rich gifts we rejoice, and Berea, another child of the A.M.A., now grown to strength.

TO HOWARD UNIVERSITY, at Washington, also, we extend the sympathy of a common purpose, together with such financial aid as we may for the support of its theological course.

We point to these great institutions which have been planted and fostered by the A.M.A., together with those which are still upheld by us, with a feeling akin to that of the renowned Cornelia when she said, "Behold my jewels."

We have, in addition, 17 Chinese Schools on the Pacific Coast, with 39 teachers.

CHURCH WORK.

We turn now to our Church Work.

In every school we have an incipient church; in many of these are organized churches. From all of them there is a continual going forth of a predisposition towards Congregational Churches, which will make for churches in the future.

The statistics are as follows:

Four new Churches have been organized during the year. These are at Decatur, Ala., Crossville, Deer Lodge and Pine Mountain, Tenn. A fine church edifice has also been erected in Ironaton, Ala., which is soon to be dedicated. The members have sacrificed nobly to secure it. The [pg 309] church at Meridian has united with the Association in the erection of a beautiful house of worship which, with the new school and the teachers' home, will be ready in a few weeks for occupancy. The church at Knoxville has been enlarged and is practically new. It will soon be re-dedicated. The church at Pine Mountain is a year old; is already the center of four Sunday-schools, with an attendance of 415 children, only 10 of whom had ever been in a Sunday-school before.

Revivals of religious interest have been reported from our churches in Washington, Wilmington, Charleston, Talladega, Mobile, Athens, Marion, Selma, Birmingham and New Orleans. Those of the churches which are side by side with our educational institutions are most hopeful; but wherever we have planted churches, they stand forth to represent the ethics of Christianity, the purity and truth of character which must be contained in a worthy discipleship. A large proportion of our pastors are children of the A.M.A. Parsonages have been built for our churches in Mobile, Ala., and in Dallas, Texas.

MOUNTAIN WORK.

This year has laid great emphasis on the fact that we have entered, in the Southern mountains, a missionary field of vast importance, pressing needs and unbounded hopefulness. We have in this region, where a few years ago there was nothing, two normal schools, two academies, five common schools, and twenty churches.

In a territory five hundred miles long, and more than two hundred miles broad—twice the size of all New England—are at least between three and four hundred counties with a population greater than that of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island and Connecticut combined, without schools worthy of the name, without Sunday-schools, without prayer meetings, without an educated, spiritual, or even moral ministry, without a weekly Sabbath religious service of any kind, or any of the institutions of the gospel which really elevate them. They have a religion which is not a pure Christianity and which does not even involve morality.

The Christian work, lately introduced and already done among them, demonstrates that they are capable of a rapid and radical change, when once the vivifying touch of the gospel has reached their hearts.

Instead of twenty Congregational churches among them, there is room for a thousand, and instead of nine Christian schools, if there were twenty-five normal schools, it would be only one to each hundred thousand people; and if there were a hundred common schools, there would be one to each three or four counties for models. There should be one good college. If there were Congregational churches in this region in the same proportion as in New England there would be a full thousand. If they were in the same proportion as Connecticut, there would be twelve hundred churches; as New Hampshire, thirteen hundred; as Vermont, sixteen hundred.

Congregationalism goes to these people as the representative of pure, intelligent and progressive Christianity. We can gather them into schools, Sunday-schools and churches, anywhere where we can put a Christian worker. Our only limit is consecrated workers and the support for them. The field is as ripe this very day for a thousand as for a score. But the school and the church must go together.

This is one of the richest of the mineral regions of the world. Great forests of black walnut, poplar, and other valuable timber, are awaiting the woodman's ax and the lumberman's mill. Railroads are either built, building or planned for every part to carry away its wonderful natural resources. The people are poor, but the land is rich, and a few years hence will see wealth in the place of poverty, in the hands of either the natives, or those who will have displaced them. All the motives which urge the establishment of the church and the school for the incoming population of the West, press us to build them in this great empire of the South; and they become doubly imperative when we take into account the fact that a population of between two and three millions is already in the land and needs to be saved now. The motives for home and foreign missions are thus combined, and impelling us for Christ's sake, for humanity's sake, and for our country's sake, to give the gospel to this people.

We are not building pauper institutions in this mountain country to be forever a dead weight for the Northern churches to carry, but institutions which will very speedily take care of themselves, and give to others as they have received.

This is a portion of the South where slavery scarcely existed. When war came, it was loyal to the Union almost to a man. This fact shows that they have a natural affiliation with "Northern ideas." The caste spirit is among them—as it is indeed in the North to some extent—but it much more readily yields to reason and loving teaching than in other portions of the South. Vigorous and extensive missionary work can and will mould the ideas and sentiments of this whole region, and thus establish no-caste churches and schools, where they would demonstrate to the South that they do not carry with them social disorder and every baleful influence.

Amid the success, joy and hopefulness of the year's work, came the affliction of the shooting of Prof. George Lawrence, while about his duties in our school in Jellico, Tenn. It was the work of a miserable creature whose brain was fired with whiskey, and who was urged on by the saloon element as a retaliation for earnest temperance work. After long and anxious weeks of intense suffering, a brave fight against death proved successful, and we now hope that our missionary's life is spared for many years of usefulness. Nearly a hundred men have been shot already in this one place, and the place itself is not more than six years old. Is it strange that these mountain people who have a glimpse of better things, are appealing to us every week of the year to plant institutions among them? [pg 311] Is it not the voice of Christ clearly commanding us to possess and subdue this land, and to transform it into a part of his peaceful and beneficent Kingdom, which shall join hands with us to pass on the torch of Christ to others yet in darkness?

THE INDIANS.

The people of America are determined to press the Indian problem to a speedy solution. Provision has been made for giving lands in severalty, and the next great movement should be to induce the Government to provide secular education, and the churches to furnish religious instruction to all the Indians. The American Missionary Association, during the year, has responded to this new impulse by enlarging its work—in the opening of new stations, in the erection of new buildings, and in the appointment of more missionaries and teachers.

At the Santee Agency, Nebraska, our oldest mission station and school has had marked prosperity in its normal, theological and industrial departments, and, better than all, in a deep and wide-spread religious interest that has pervaded the school and the church. The new building, named Whitney Hall—from its giver—has been erected, affording accommodations for twenty-two of the larger and more advanced pupils, and furnishing rooms for the treasurer's family. A liberal gift from Mrs. Henry Perkins, of Hartford, Conn., provides, for the present at least, for the running expenses of the Boys' Hall, and, in appreciation of the gift, and of the interest in the school which the gift implies, the building will hereafter be called Perkins Hall.

At Oahe, Dakota, on the beautiful Peoria Bottom, both the school and church have prospered. The school is crowded to its utmost capacity and a greater number of pupils has been granted in the contract with the Government. A new building is urgently called for. The closing exercises of the school were attended by a picturesque group of three or four hundred Indians, who were encamped around the station. Some of these came a hundred and twenty-five miles to attend the exercises.

One marked feature in the enlargement of the work has been the opening of two more Central Stations: one at Rosebud Agency, the other located at Fort Yates, near the junction of the Grand River with the Missouri. The new mission house has been built, and by the aid of special gifts from benevolent friends at the East, a commodious building has been erected for a hospital.

A peculiar and very interesting feature of our Indian work is the out-stations, located remote from the Central Stations. These stations, numbering twenty-one, have been hindered and also enlarged during the past year. The hindrance came from the interference of the Government. In its well-intended zeal for the introduction of the English language, it surpassed the limits which experience had fixed, by requiring that the vernacular should [pg 312] not be taught, nor even spoken, in any Indian schools on the Reservation including these mission stations, which were wholly sustained by benevolent funds. Under this ruling, thirteen stations were closed from September to January. But the remonstrances coming from almost every denomination of Christians in the land induced the Government to modify its orders, and the schools have all been re-opened.

Some new buildings have been erected on this part of the field—a new house for dwelling and school on the Grand River, and a cheap structure at the Cheyenne River Agency, in which religious services are held at the times for the disbursement of the rations, when large numbers of the Indians assemble and remain for many days. A new impulse has been given to this out-station work by contributions received at one of the missionary meetings in Northfield, Mass. Four new stations were provided for at that time by the contribution of $400 for a building at each station, and $300 for the support of the teacher. One was the gift of Mr. Moody, another of Mr. Sankey, whose names these two stations will bear.

Fort Berthold, in the northern part of Dakota, has authorization from the Government for a larger number of pupils under contract than last year. But our exigencies require for this only a few and inexpensive repairs and additions to be made on the buildings.

The Skokomish mission continues its stable progress. The missionary, Rev. Myron Eells, has been tempted during the past year by several calls to enter more lucrative fields of service, but his attachment to the work, begun by his most honored father, and continued by himself, is so great that he prefers to remain with his people, and to aid them in their progress in civil and Christian life.

The Indian school at Santa Fé, New Mexico, has had some changes, but the arrangement between the Association and the trustees is continued, and the school, under the charge of Prof. Elmore Chase, maintains its useful service in the training of the children of the Apaches, one of the most hopeful and promising tribes of Indians on the continent.

THE CHINESE.

The special interest of the year centres in the evangelistic work that was commenced early in the winter. Of our 39 workers reported, fourteen are Chinamen, who have been converted in our schools. Two of these brethren were set apart last December as special evangelists, one going to our missions in Southern California, and the other to our more Northern missions. Subsequently another one entered the field. The intention was to give one month of service at each mission, and the gratifying experience has been that at no point has this one month been deemed sufficient. At the end of five months the harvest reported was forty souls brought to repentance.

Three new missions are upon our list this year; those at Los Angeles, San Buenaventura, and Tucson. At Los Angeles no less than 75 pupils [pg 313] were enrolled the first month, and at all these places Christian Associations have been formed.

A minister on the Pacific Coast not in connection with our schools, after giving a sketch of work accomplished which could not be tabulated, says: "Socially, intellectually, spiritually, the Chinese mission school does its beneficent work. But everything is made but the means to the spiritual end. The whole drift of the teaching, the songs, the pictures, the Scripture text, is to make known Christ. Every evening's lesson ends with worship. In no year, may I add, have there been so many conversions among the Chinese on this coast as in the one just passed."

WOMAN'S BUREAU.

There are thirteen Woman's State Organizations which co-operate with us in our missionary work. These are in Maine, Vermont, Connecticut, New York, Alabama, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas and South Dakota. Other States, also, not yet organized, are assisting in definite lines, as Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Our Bureau of Woman's Work has for many years proved its wisdom. The state of black womanhood and girlhood taken together is pitiful. The permanent and uplifting Christianization and civilization to be engrafted on the Negro race in this land, can come only as the womanhood of that people is imbued with right principles and led to right practices. Unless the life of the woman is reached and saved, there can be no true religion, family life, or social status. Hence our industrial and boarding schools for the training of girls in domestic work, in the trades of dressmaking and such like, in the art of cooking, the cultivation of small fruits and flowers, so that the sacred influences of Christianity shall circle around the thousand firesides where now everything is coarse, and ignorant, and senseless. With our large corps of lady teachers, the Woman's Bureau, as an intermediary between the Woman's State Association and their sisters who are teaching in the field, and the women and girls to whom they are sent, has proved during the year its increasing efficiency.

FINANCES

The receipts have been, $320,953.42, which with the balance on hand, September 30th, 1887, of $2,193.80, makes a total of $323,147.22. We have received in addition to this $1,000 for an Endowment Fund. The total disbursements for the year have been $328,788.43. The churches through the National Council have asked us to keep abreast with the providence of God. "It is our duty," said the Ohio State Association, "to see that this great work in which we have borne so large and honorable a part, halt not, nor slacken in its energy because of our failure to keep its treasury replenished and its faithful laborers re-enforced and supported by our gifts and our prayers."

Said our good friend, the Congregationalist, in an editorial after our inspiring meeting at Portland in October last: "Never did the magnitude of the field, and the complex character of its labors, appear in such startling lines. Either of the four departments of labor demands the money and the force which is distributed among all. But, in the providence of God, this society is called upon to prosecute this fourfold work. It cannot abandon a single field and must not be asked to. It can do in the next five years a work for Christianity and for Congregationalism in the South and West which will tell on the coming century. As Christians, and as Congregational Christians, we must see to it that it be not obliged to pinch its workers and to turn away from promising openings in order to keep free from debt the coming year."

Thus charged, we have yet gone within our instructions. We have made every dollar do more than its work. We have gathered up the fragments that nothing be lost; and yet to-day our payments anticipate our receipts by the sum of $5,641.21. We do not regret the anxiety and pain which it has cost us to effect what we have. The generous words of sympathy and confidence that have come to us of late, with noble gifts, large and small, repay the solicitude and incessant care. We thank God and his people, and hold firmly our faith in Him who said, "Knock, and it shall be opened unto you." He opened the door. Our faith is in Him who also said, "Ask, and ye shall receive."

The year opened with the Association bereft of its honored President. We come to this new year happy in our choice of the Rev. Wm. M. Taylor, D.D., of New York, to fill this most important position. In his acceptance we congratulate the Association.

Since the year began, the churches have missed the stirring appeals of our beloved Secretary Powell, who had the especial oversight and burden of the collecting fields. Such a life as that of James Powell is not common. It was a grand sacrifice of undeviating love for those whose poverty made him a debtor to them. His consecration will not be forgotten.

His sudden departure—our great bereavement—made necessary the transfer of the Rev. C.J. Ryder from the field to the District Secretaryship of the Eastern District in New England, who has brought with his energy and zeal such an experience, and personal knowledge of the entire field, as to insure him the most hearty welcome and co-operation on the part of our pastors and churches.

The Rev. F.E. Jenkins, a graduate of Williams College and of Hartford Theological Seminary, for some time earnestly engaged in our Southern work, has been appointed a field superintendent for personal examination and supervision of our churches and schools, and has already entered upon his duties.

The Association, with its Superintendents continually in the field, who [pg 315] report every fact to the Secretaries at the office, who in turn submit the entire work to the churches, is thus continually made better prepared to direct the sacrifices of the benevolent in ways that shall not be irresponsible or unwise, than those which are subject to no such scrutiny or supervision, and are held to no responsibility. Much less money would be diverted from this authorized and recognized servant of the Congregational Churches, and far greater efficiency would be secured, if our friends would remember that their own ordained agency can open as many missions as they will make possible, which shall have, at least, one advantage over independent and unsupervised work, in that, through us, they shall be under your own constant Christian watch and care.

We may not close this review of our year's work and attendant suggestions without remembrance of our indebtedness to the American Bible Society, for its grant of Bibles; to the Congregational Sunday-school and Publishing Society for the help given to our struggling churches and Sunday-schools in its grant of books and lesson helps. We rejoice in the unity of our societies, which make all one in the blending of the parts for the great common purpose of redeeming the lost and gathering them into the family of Christ.

Student's Letter.

Struggles In The "Lone Star State."

My home, Marion, Ala., was also the location of the Lincoln Normal Institute, and fortunately I had attended that school for several years. Being next to the oldest of eight children, my parents decided to take me from school in '83, that I might earn something. I had often heard of Talladega College, and wanted very much to enter there, but my father being only a poor carpenter, it was impossible for me to get the means to accomplish my desires.

However, by the aid of Northern friends I entered the above named school, October 2d, 1883. Evenings and Saturdays I worked by the hour to help defray my expenses. Unable to obtain a school, I could be found at the college, during the summers of '84 and '85, working about the buildings or on the farm. The money earned there was used for schooling. During my last year in school I had job work—sweeping and caring for lamps. This work was done early in order that I might have time for study. And each morning, before day, my broom could be heard moving through the corridors. At the close of school, I had paid by work, and a prize gained in speaking the year before, about $52.75. It was agreed that the balance should be paid after leaving school. In a class of ten I received a diploma from the [pg 316] normal department, June 17, 1886. My time during the summer was occupied in working with my father at the carpenter's trade.

Texas was said to have good public-schools, and it was my plan to try the "Lone Star State." I was working to secure means to pay the fare, but father failed in being paid promptly, and this forced me to borrow money for the purpose. Many tried to discourage me in my plan as it was what is sometimes termed as a "wild goose chase." I remarked, though, that if no schools could be found, there were other things to be done—cotton to be picked; wagons to be driven; and ditches to be dug. So the work-clothes were not forgotten when my trunk was packed.

On September 30, 1886, I arrived in Henderson, a stranger to all save one, and with a very small purse. Then commenced my trials. I was in my twenty-first year, but had a young appearance, and the trustees of most schools objected to me for that reason. I walked many miles in search of work, and it was not till the middle of November that my first school opened.

Owing money for schooling, for fare to this State, and for board after coming here, caused me to start far below the surface in pecuniary matters. As I had made large plans, that was quite discouraging.

The school proceeded nicely and a Sabbath-school was organized in connection. The latter was quite small, though there was a large attendance in the day school. At the close of school, March 23, 1887, all expressed a willingness for me to teach the next session, but there was a trouble ahead which changed their views. The question of prohibition was to be decided by the people in August. I am sorry to say the majority of our people were on the wrong side. But most of the teachers and preachers fought with an untiring energy against the saloons. For this act of ours, many refused to give us work. Some even sneered at the "prohib. teachers," as we walked along the streets. Those were days of discouragement as our labor seemed to be in vain.

My summer's work lasted only a month, and being an independent school the returns were quite small, $6.00 only. Having to aid my parents, and a two months' sickness, caused me to be below the surface again at the opening of my school, November 14. This work continued for six months. A Sabbath-school was organized; and, unlike the previous year, outnumbered the daily attendance.

It has been said that it is better to turn up something than to wait for something to turn up. So I bought a small outfit for making photographs. It is incomplete, but enough to get an idea of the art. After looking at some of my work, our county Judge was heard to say. "That's a good picture for that nigger." My summer school was nine miles away, and I came here every Friday evening, that I might practice at my new trade. To save the hire and feed of a horse, I always walked here and back. The way at times seems dark, but I take courage from the fact that roads to success must lead through hardships.

The Chinese.

Review Of The Year.

The fiscal year of our missions closed Aug. 31. I desire to set before the readers of the MISSIONARY a statement of the year's work, made as complete as the space at my command allows:

1. Seventeen missions have been sustained during a part or the whole of the year. Ten of these have had no intermission whatever, except for a day or two at the holidays, and in one instance a fortnight's vacation. Of the remaining seven, three are new missions, viz: Los Angeles, San Buenaventura and Tucson. The work at these points is full of interest and hope, and has indeed already begun to yield what seem to us saving results.

2. Thirty-nine workers have been engaged. Of these, fourteen are Chinese brethren, converted in connection with our missions, and trained to the work in the work itself. The aggregate number of months of service is 295.

3. In comparison with the record of the previous year, but little change can be noted. The total number enrolled is 1,131, being larger by 87, but on the whole one record is about the equivalent of the other. Indeed, it seems to me that in both years we reached very near to the outmost limit of what is possible with the means at our command. The special interest of this year's history centers in the attempt to do, and to learn better how to do, evangelistic work. Three of our brethren have been set apart to this, and have been followed from place to place by the prayers of many. They had much to learn when they started forth and have much yet to learn. It is by no means clear to me that we have hit upon the wisest methods, and I know that we have not yet entered into the fullness of power, either with God or man. Yet I can see that these brethren are stronger and braver and more eager in this work than they were a year ago. And the blessing of God on their labors has been such as enables us to believe that full sixty of their countrymen have been led to Christ. This carries the whole number concerning whom this hope has been cherished, since the beginning of our work, above 700.

4. THE FINANCES. Our expenditures have been: For salaries of workers, $6,403.00; for rents of mission houses, $2,066.00; for incidental expenses, $1,150.15; total, $9,619.75. Our resources have been: From the parent society, $6,100; balance from previous year, $45.50; offerings made through the treasury of this auxiliary, $2,590.80; total, $8,736.30. This leaves a deficit of $882.85, a part of which can be met from our Permanent Property Account, but fully $500.00 needs yet to be secured if we are to [pg 318] provide things honest in the sight of all men. Thus far in the history of our mission, the account of no year has closed with the blot of a deficit upon it. The account of the year just ended is held open for awhile in the hope that the good precedent of the past may be still maintained. And, oh, if we might be a little less hampered by poverty;—if we might be set free to enter opened doors, and to make the most possible of our opportunities, how great would be the privilege and joy of showing in blessed experiment that the truest economy is a wise and careful generosity.

Bureau Of Woman's Work.

Woman's State Organizations.

ME.—Woman's Aid to A.M.A., Chairman of Committee, Mrs. C.A. Woodbury, Woodfords, Me.

VT.—Woman's Aid to A.M.A., Chairman of Committee, Mrs. Henry Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury, Vt.

VT.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. Ellen Osgood, Montpelier, Vt.

CONN.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. S.M. Hotchkiss, 171 Capitol Ave., Hartford, Conn.

N.Y.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. William Spaldlng, Salmon Block, Syracuse, N.Y.

ALA.—Woman's Missionary Association, Secretary, Mrs. G.W. Andrews, Talladega, Ala.

OHIO.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. Flora K. Regal, Oberlin, Ohio.

IND.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. C.H. Rogers, Michigan City, Ind.

ILL.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. C.H. Taintor, 151 Washington St., Chicago, Ill.

MICH.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. Mary B. Warren, Lansing, Mich.

WIS.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. C. Matter, Brodhead, Wis.

MINN.—Woman's Home Miss. Society, Secretary, Mrs. H.L. Chase, 2750 Second Ave., South, Minneapolis, Minn.

IOWA.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Miss Ella E. Marsh, Grinnell, Iowa.

KANSAS.—Woman's Home Miss. Society, Secretary, Mrs, G.L. Epps, Topeka, Kan.

NEB.—Woman's Home Miss. Union, President, Mrs. F.H. Leavitt, 1216 H St., Lincoln, Neb.

SOUTH DAKOTA,—Woman's Home Miss. Union, Secretary, Mrs. S.E. Young, Sioux Falls, Dak.

Special fields have been assigned to Ladies' Societies contributing to the work, and missionary letters will be sent to all who desire such reports. If any fail to receive the letters, they can get them by notifying Miss Emerson, at the New York office. The ladles will be interested in the following list:

Maine Missionaries—Miss Lunt, of Selma, Ala., Miss Farrington, N.C. Mrs. Hubbard, Williamsburg, Ky., Mrs. Hall, Fort Berthold, Dak.

Vermont sustains the McIntosh School, Miss Plimpton continues in charge, assisted by Misses Ayer, Kuhl, and Head.

Massachusetts ladies are contributing to the Girl's Department of the boarding school at Tougaloo, Miss. Letters are written by the teachers in turn, thus reporting the different phases of work.

The industrial School, at Thomasville, Ga. appeals especially to ladies of Connecticut. Mrs. Gordon and Miss Knapp will continue their monthly letters, with occasional communications from other teachers.

The auxiliaries of the New York Union are entitled to letters from Miss Edith Leonard, (in place of Miss Haynes,) for the Indians, Mrs. Myers for the Mountain Whites, and Miss Evans for the Negroes.

The Ohio Ladies provide for Miss Collins of Dakota, and also for Miss Stevenson of Atlanta, Ga.

The Illinois missionaries are Miss Kinney of Austin, Texas, and Miss Pingree of Mobile.

The Michigan ladies find large opportunity to work for the blacks, through the Trinity School, at Athens, Ala. So, also, the Minnesota ladies, whose chosen field is the school at Jonesboro, Tenn.

Many others are working in definite lines and becoming better acquainted with the needs and how to meet them.

RECEIPTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1888.