桯史
Date: 2008-10-12T00:00:00+00:00
Keywords: China -- History -- Song dynasty; 960-1279 -- Anecdotes

The Project Gutenberg eBook of 桯史

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Title: 桯史

Author: Ke Yue

Release date: October 12, 2008 [eBook #26887]
Most recently updated: January 4, 2021

Language: Chinese

Credits: Produced by Hong Ju Li

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 桯史 ***

Produced by Hong Ju Li

張紫微原芝

高宗覽婁陟明（寅亮）之議，垂意祖烈，詔擇秦支，並建二王邸，恩禮未有隆殺也。會連歲芝生太宮，百執事多進頌詩，張紫微（孝祥）時在館，獨獻文曰《原芝》。紹興二十四年，芝生於太廟楹，當仁宗、英宗之室，詔群臣觀瞻，奉表文德殿賀。既二年，芝復生其處，校書郎（臣）張孝祥作《原芝》曰：“非天私我有宋，我祖宗在天，篤丕祐於子孫，明告之符，於惟欽哉！在昔仁祖登三咸五，以天下為公，授我英宗，以永我基祚，於惟欽哉！我聖天子躬濟大業，既平既治，上怡下嬉。惟大本未立，社稷宗廟之靈，亦靡克寧饗，有燁茲芝，胡為乎來？天維顯思，命不易哉，和氣致祥，敢曰不然。曷不於他？乃廟產旃；曷不於他？於二宗之室；曷不於他？再歲再出，於惟欽哉！夫意則然，我祖宗之意則然，於惟欽哉！小（臣）敢告我聖天子，告我聖天子承天之意，承祖宗之意，早定大計，惟一無貳。紛以貳起，辛伯有言，惟貳惟一，治忽所原，匪弗圖之，憂惟貳之懼。敢告聖天子為萬世利，蠢爾小臣，越職罪死。弗罪以思，惟我聖天子〔此處疑有脫誤〕，言有一得，以裨吾國，萬死奚恤，渠敢愛死而畏越厥職。” 上得之喜，即擢為南宮郎。於是內廷始漸有所別，迄於建儲雲。

藝祖禁讖書唐李淳風作《推背圖》。五季之亂，王侯崛起，人有倅心，故其學益熾。閉口張弓之讖，吳越至以遍名其子，而不知兆昭武基命之烈也。宋興受命之符，尤為著明。藝祖即位，始詔禁讖書，懼其惑民志以繁刑闢。然圖傳已數百年，民間多有藏本，不復可收拾，有司患之。一日，趙韓王以開封具獄奏，因言犯者至眾，不可勝誅。上曰：“不必多禁，正當混之耳。” 乃命取舊本，自己驗之外，皆紊其次第而雜書之，凡為百本，使與存者並行。於是傳者懵其先後，莫知其孰訛；間有存者，不復驗，亦棄弗藏矣。《國朝會要》太平興國元年十一月，諸州解到習天文人，以能者補靈台，謬者悉黥流海島，蓋亦障其流，不得不然也。

徐鉉入聘國初三徐，名著江左，皆以博洽聞中朝，而騎省鉉，又其白眉者也。會修述職之貢，騎省實來，及境，例差官押伴。朝臣皆以辭令不及為憚，宰相亦艱其選，請於藝祖。玉音曰：“姑退朝，朕自擇之。”有頃，左璫傳宣殿前司，具殿侍中不識字者十人，以名入。宸筆點其中一人，曰：“此人可。” 在廷皆驚，中書不敢請，趣使行，殿侍者慌不知所繇，薄弗獲己，竟往渡江。始燕，騎省詞鋒如雲，旁觀駭愕。其人不能答，徒唯唯；騎省叵測，強聒而與之言。居數日，既無與之酬復者，亦倦且默矣。餘按當時陶、竇諸名儒，端委在朝，若使角辯騁詞，庸詎不若鉉？藝祖正以大國之體，不當如此耳，其亦不戰屈人，兵之上策歟！其後，王師徵包茅於煜，騎省復將命請緩師，其言累數千言，上諭之曰：“不須多言，江南亦何罪？但天下一家，卧榻之側，豈容他人鼾睡耶！” 大哉聖言，其視騎省之辯，正猶螢爝之擬羲舒也。騎省名甚著，三徐者，近世或概為昆弟。餘嘉定辛未在故府，樓宣獻（鑰）嘗出手編《辨鸞岡三墓》，餘謝不前考。後讀周文忠必大《游山錄》，有衛尉卿延休、騎省鉉、內史鍇，蓋父子甚明。而餘已去國，不復得請益雲。

石城堡寨六朝建國江左，台城為天闕，復築石頭城於右，宿師以守，蓋如古人連營之制。然古今議攻守者，多疑以為分兵力而無用。東陽陳同父（亮）嘗上書乞移都建康，謂古台城當在今鐘山，而大司馬門在馬軍新營之側，今城乃江南李氏所築耳。使六朝因今城以守，則不費侯景輩數日力，何以歷年如彼其久乎。因言曹武惠登長乾，兀術上雨花臺，城中秋毫不能遁。餘嘗親歷其地，其說皆是，第指古台城所在，要未有明據，亦出臆度。自清涼寺而上，皆古石頭頹墉，猶可識其址，皆依山而高，然則六朝非不知備也。楊文節（萬里）持漕節，嘗有詩曰：“已守台城更石城，不知並力或分營。六師只合環天闕，一壘真成借寇兵。向者王、蘇俱解此，冤哉隗協可憐生。若言虎踞渾堪倚，萬歲千秋無戰爭。” 其旨明矣。淳熙乙未，郭棣帥淮東，築維揚城，又旁築一城曰堡寨，地皆砥平，相去餘數里。雖牽制之勢亦不相及，竟不曉何謂，猶不若石城之得失相半也。

湯岐公罷相湯岐公（思退）相高宗，紹興三十一年，以煩言罷。洪文安（遵）在翰林當直，例作平語，諫官隨而擊之，以祠去。孝宗朝再相，隆興二年復罷。文安之兄文惠（適）適視草焉，又作平語，侍御史晁（公武）亦擊之，文惠請外，上曰：“公武言卿黨思退，朕謂平詞出朕意。”固卻其章，仍徙戶侍矣。蓋其相兩朝，再罷相，乃累洪氏二兄弟，先後若出一轍，可笑如此。岐公中間科時，與文敏（邁）實同年雲。

南陔脫帽神宗朝，王襄敏（韶）在京師，會元夕張燈，金吾弛夜，家人皆步出將帷觀焉。幼子（寀）第十三，方能言，珠帽襐服，馮肩以從。至宣德門，上方御樓，薌雲彩鰲，簫吹雷動，士女仰視，喧擁闐咽，轉盻已失所在，騶馭皆恇擾不知所為。家人不復至帷次，狼狽歸，未敢白請捕。襄敏訝其反之亟，問知其為南陔也，曰：“他子當遂訪，若吾十三，必能自歸。”怡然不復求。咸叵測。居旬日，內出犢車至第，有中大人下宣旨，抱南陔以出諸車，家人驚喜，迎拜天語。既定，問南陔以所之。乃知是夕也，姦人利其服裝，自襄敏第中已竊跡其後。既負而趨，南陔覺負已者之異也，亟納珠帽於懷。適內家車數乘將入東華，南陔過之，攀幰呼焉。中大人悅其韶秀，抱置之膝。翌早，擁至上閣，以為宜男之祥。上問以誰氏，竦然對曰：“兒乃韶之幼子也。” 具道所以，上顧以占對不凡，且嘆其早惠，曰：“是有子矣。” 令暫留，欽聖鞠視；密詔開封捕賊以聞，既獲，盡戮之。乃命載以歸，且以具獄示襄敏，賜壓驚金犀錢果，直鉅萬。其機警見於幼年者，已如此。南陔，寀自號，政和間有文聲，敢為不詘，亢其幼者也。餘在南徐，與其孫（遇）游，傳其事。

張元吳昊景祐末，有二狂生曰張曰吳，皆華州人。薄游塞上，覘覽山川風俗，慨然有志於經略。恥於自售，放意詩酒，語皆絕豪嶮驚人，而邊帥豢安，皆莫之知。倀無所適，聞夏酋有意窺中國，遂叛而往。二人自念不力出奇，無以動其聽。乃自更其名，即其都門之酒家，劇飲終日，引筆書壁曰：“張元、吳昊，來飲此樓。 ”邏者見之，知非其國人也，跡其所憩，執之。夏酋詰以入國問諱之義。二人大言曰：“姓尚不理會，乃理會名耶！”時曩霄未更名，且用中國賜姓也。於是竦然異之，日尊寵用事。寶元西事，蓋始此。其事國史不書，詩文雜見於《田承君集》、沈存中《筆談》、洪文敏《容齋三筆》，其為人概可想見。文敏謂二人名，偶與酋同，實不詳其所以更之意雲。

王義豐詩王（阮）者，德安人，仕至撫州守，嘗從張紫微學詩。紫微罷荊州，侍總得翁以歸，偕之游廬山。暇日，出詩捲相與商榷，自謂有得。山南有萬杉寺，本仁皇所建，奎章在焉。紫微大書二章，其一曰：“老乾參天一萬株，廬山佳處著浮圖。秪因買斷山中景，破費神龍百斛珠。 ”其二曰：“莊田本是昭陵賜，更著官船載御書。今日山僧無飯吃，卻催官欠意何如？” 阮得此詩，獨憮然不滿意，曰：“先生氣吞虹蜺，今獨少卑之，何也？” 紫微不復言，送之江津。別去才兩旬，而得湖陰之訃矣。紫微蓋於此絕筆。阮是時亦自有二十八字，曰：“昭陵龍去奎文在，萬歲靈杉守百神。四十二年真雨露，山川草木至今春。”紫微大擊節，自以為不及。既而復過是寺，又題其碑陰曰：“碧紗籠底墨才乾，白玉樓中骨已寒。淚盡當時聯騎客，黃花時節獨來看。”亦紆徐有味雲。阮所作詩，號《義豐集》，刻江泮，其出於藍者蓋鮮，校官馮（椅）為之序。

琵琶亭術者淳熙己酉，哲文倦勤，詔以北宮為重華宮。光宗既登極，群臣奉表請以誕聖日為重明節，如故事。時先君召還省闥，過鄉邦，維舟琵琶亭。新暑初袢，小憩亭上，有術者以拆字自名，過矣。因漫呼問家人字跡，多奇中，命飲之酒，忽作而曰：“近得邸報乎！重華、重明非佳名也。其文皆二千日，兆在是矣。”先君掩耳起立，亟以數鐶謝遣之。既而甲寅之事，果如其言，此與太平興國一人六十之讖無異。豈天道證應，固有數乎！抑符合之偶然也。

汴京故城開寶戊辰，藝祖初修汴京，大其城址，曲而宛，如蚓詘焉。耆老相傳，謂趙中令鳩工奏圖，初取方直，四面皆有門，坊市經緯其間，井井繩列。上覽而怒，自取筆塗之，命以幅紙作大圈，紆曲縱斜，旁註雲：“依此修築。” 故城即當時遺跡也。時人咸罔測，多病其不宜於觀美。熙寧乙卯，神宗在位，遂欲改作，鑒苑中牧豚及內作坊之事，卒不敢更，第增陴而已。及政和間，蔡京擅國，亟奏廣其規，以便宮室苑囿之奉，命宦侍董其役。凡周旋數十里，一撒而方之如矩，墉堞樓櫓，雖甚藻飾，而蕩然無曩時之堅樸矣。一時迄功第賞，侈其事，至以表記，兩命詞科之題，概可想見其張皇也。靖康胡馬南牧，黏罕、斡離不揚鞭城下，有得色，曰：“是易攻下。” 令植炮四隅，隨方而擊之。城既引直，一炮所望，一壁皆不可立，竟以此失守。沉幾遠睹，至是始驗。宸筆所定圖，承平時藏秘閣，今不復存。

施宜生施宜生，福人也。少游鄉校，有僧過焉，與之言，引之鱣堂下，風檐杲日，援手周視曰：“餘善風鑒，子有奇相，故欲驗予術耳。歸，它日當語子。” 又數年，過諸塗，宜生方躓場屋，不勝困，欲投筆，漫徵前說，以所向扣之。僧出酒一壺，與之藉草飲，復援其手曰：“面有權骨，可公可卿，而視子身之毛，皆逆上，且覆腕，然則必有以合乎此，而後可貴也。” 時範汝為訌建劍，宜生心欲以嚴莊、尚讓自期，而未脫諸口，聞其言大喜，杖策徑謁，乾以秘策，汝為恨得之晚，亟尊用之。亡何而汝為敗，變服為傭，渡江至泰。有大姓吳翁者，家僮數千指，擅魚鹽之饒。宜生傭其間，三年，人莫之覺也。翁獨心識之。一日，屏人問曰：“天下方亂，英雄鏟跡，亦理之常。我視汝非傭，必以實告，不然，且捕汝於官。” 宜生不服，曰：“我服傭事惟恭，主人乃爾置疑，請辭而已。” 翁固詰之，則請其故。翁曰：“汝動作皆傭，而微有未盡同者。餘日者燕客，執事咸俊，而汝獨孫諸儕，撤器有噫聲，若欿然不怡，此魚服而角也。我固將全汝，而何以文為？” 宜生驚汗，亟拜曰：“主實生我，不敢匿。”遂告之繇。翁曰：“官購方急，圖形遍城野，汝安所逃？龜山有僧，可托以心，餘交之舊矣。介以入北，策之良也。” 從之，翁贐之金，隱之衲，至寺，服緇童之服以求納。主僧者出，儼然鄉校之所見也，啟緘而留之。餘數旬，持橈夜濟宜生於淮，曰：“大丈夫富貴命耳！予無求報心，天實命汝，知復如何，必得志，毋忘中國，逆而順，天所祐也。” 虜法無驗不可行，遂殺一人於道，而奪其符，以至於燕。上書自言道國虛實，不見用，縻而致之黃龍。會赦得釋，因以教授自業。虜有附試畔歸之士，謂之歸義，試連捷。逆亮時有意南牧，校獵國中，一日而獲熊三十六，廷試多士，遂以命題，蓋用唐體。宜生奏賦曰：“聖天子，講武功，雲屯八百萬騎，日射三十六熊。” 亮覽而喜，擢為第一。不數年，仕至禮部尚書。紹興三十年，虜來賀正旦，宜生以翰林侍講學士為之使。朝廷聞之，命張忠定（燾）以吏部尚書侍讀，館之都亭。時戎盟方堅，國備大弛，而諜者傳造舟調兵之事無虛日，上意不深信。館者因以首丘風之，至天竺，微問其的。宜生顧其介不在旁，忽瘦語曰：“今日北風甚勁。” 又取幾間筆扣之，曰：“筆來！筆來！”於是始大警。及高景山告釁，而我粗有備矣，宜生實先漏師焉。歸為介所告，烹而死。宜生方顯時，龜山僧至其國，言於亮而尊顯之，俾乘驛至京，東視海舟，號“天使國師”，不知所終。僧蹤跡有異，淮人能言之。出入兩境如跳河，輕財結客，又有至術，髡而俠者也。逆而顯，順而戮，豈其相然耶！椎埋於先，一折枝而贖其惡，固神理之所不容也。國史逸其事，餘聞之淮士臧子西如此。

晉盆杅餘居負山，在湓城之中。先君未卜築時，嘗為戎帥皇甫斌宅，斌歸於袁，虛其室。山有堅土，凡市之塗塈版築，鹹得而畚致之。無孰何者，遂罄其半，獨餘一面壁立。餘家既來，始厲其禁，而山已不支。慶元元年五月，大雨隤其巔，古冢出焉。初僅數甓流下，其上有刻如瑞草，旁著字曰：“晉永寧元年五月造。” 又有匠者姓名曰張某，下有文如押字。隸或得之以獻，莫知所從來。居數日而山隤，塈周半墮，骨發棺槨，皆無存矣。兩旁列瓦碗二十餘，左壁有一燈，尚熒熒，取之即滅。猶有油如膏，見風凝結不可抉。碗中有甘蔗節，它皆已化。有小瓷瓶，如硯滴，竅其背為蝦蟆形，制其樸。足下有一瓦盆，如褻器。有銅帶數銙，髹合，餘者一片傅木，如鐵。有半鏡。一銅盆絕類今洗羅，殊無古制度，中有雙魚，盆底有四鐶附著，不測其所以用。一銅杅，穴底，與市井庖人汁器同制。每甓著年月姓名，如先獲者，環塈皆是。碣曰：“晉徵虜將軍墓”，餘既哀而掩之，既數日復雨，山無址，竟捏焉。餘考《晉書》，永寧蓋惠帝年號，距今九百餘載。是時蓋未有城郭，徵虜之名，漢雖有之，在晉以此官顯者，不著於史，又無名氏可見。甓範必有字，古人作事，如此不苟。押字之制，世以為起於唐韋陟五朵雲，而不知晉已有之。餘固疑其似而非，又不可強識，亦可異也。凡物皆腐，而燈燭尚明，驪山人魚之說，固容有之。蕭統《文選·弔冥漠君文》，亦有蔗，意其殽核之所重雲。陶器以再隤皆碎裂，餘或為親識間持去。盆杅僅在，而餘侍親如閩，留於家。丙辰歲，詔禁挾銅者。州家大索以輸嚴之神泉監，家人懼，杅復偕送官，獨盆偶櫝它所，今乃巋然存。其出其毀，要必有時，亦重可嘆也。因志於此，以俟博識。

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