The Project Gutenberg eBook of Διδαχή των Δώδεκα αποστόλων = Teaching of the Twelve Apostles

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Title: Διδαχή των Δώδεκα αποστόλων = Teaching of the Twelve Apostles

Other: Philotheos Bryennios

Editor: Francis Brown

Roswell D. Hitchcock

Release date: February 9, 2013 [eBook #42053]

Most recently updated: October 23, 2024

Language: English, Greek, Ancient

Credits: Produced by Stanley A. Bridgeford

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ΔΙΔΑΧΉ ΤΩΝ ΔΏΔΕΚΑ ΑΠΟΣΤΌΛΩΝ = TEACHING OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES ***

ΔΙΔΑΧΗ

ΤΩΝ ΔΩΔΕΚΑ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ.

TEACHING

OF

THE TWELVE APOSTLES.

RECENTLY DISCOVERED AND PUBLISHED BY PHILOTHEOS

BRYENNIOS, METROPOLITAN OF NICOMEDIA.

EDITED WITH A TRANSLATION, INTRODUCTION

AND NOTES,

BY

ROSWELL D. HITCHCOCK

AND

FRANCIS BROWN,

PROFESSOR IN UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, NEW YORK.

NEW YORK:

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS.

1884.

Introduction

In 1875 Philotheos Bryennois, then Metropolitan of Serrae (now Serres), in ancient Mesopotamia, published the two Epistles of Clement of Rome, from a manuscript discovered by him in the Library of the Most Holy Sepulchre in Fanar of Constantinople. The last six chapters (60-65) of the First Epistle, and the last eight sections (13-20) of the so-called Second Epistle, had never been published before. The date of the manuscript is 1056 A.D. As described by the finder, “it is an octavo volume, written on iii parchment, in cursive characters, and consists of 120 leaves.” First comes Chrysostom’ Synopsis of the Books of the Old and New Testament; then the Epistle of Barnabas; then the two Epistles of Clement; then the Teaching of the Twelve Apostles; then the Epistle of Mary of Cassobelae to Ignatius; followed by eight Epistles of Ignatius (the current seven, besides one to the Virgin Mary).

The “Teaching of the Twelve Apostles,” Διδαχὴ τῶν δώδεκα Ἀποστόλων, occupies leaves 76-80 of the manuscript. It now seems strange to us that the document thus announced attracted so little attention. This same Bryennious, now Metropolitan of Nicomedia, in Asia Minor, has again surprised the literary world by publishing, with an abundance of learned illustration, this long-lost document. It is printed in Constantinople, and the date of publication is 1883. The genuineness of the document can hardly be doubted. It is cited by Clement of Alexandria in his First Stroma; by Eusebius, ivwho speaks of it (Hist. iii. 25) as τῶν Ἀποστόλων αἱ λεγόμεναι διδαχαί; and by Athanasius in his 39th Festal Epistle. Bickell and Gebhardt had recently argued that there must have been some such document underlying both the Seventh Book of the Apostolic Constitutions and the Apostolic Epitome. In 1882 Kravutzky undertook, from these sources, to recover and reconstruct the embedded earlier and simpler document; and with a success of the most pronounced and brilliant character, as now tested by the work just published.

This document belongs undoubtedly to the second century; possibly as far back as 120 A.D., hardly later than 160 A.D. The whole tone of it is archaic. It contradicts nothing belonging to that age; corroborates some things which may henceforth be more strongly emphasized; and adds some things for which we may well be very profoundly grateful.

The present editors are happy to be able to put this “Teaching of the Twelve Apostles,” so vpromptly before the American public. The text has been carefully edited. The translation will be found to be studiously literal. A few notes have been added, which, it is hoped, may be of service both to the students and to general readers.

ROSWELL D. HITCHCOCK.

FRANCIS BROWN.

UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY,

NEW YORK CITY, MARCH 20, 1884

ΔΙΔΑΧΗ

ΤΩΝ ΔΩΔΕΚΑ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ.

ΔΙΔΑΧΗ

ΤΩΝ

ΔΩΔΕΚΑ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ.

1Διδαχὴ Κυρίου διὰ τῶν δώδεκα ἀποστόλων τοῖς

ἔθνεσιν.

Κεφ. α΄.—1—

Ὁδοὶ δύο εἰσί, μία τῆς ζωῆς καὶ μία θανά-

του, διαφορὰ δὲ πολλὴ μεταξὺ τῶν δύο ὁδῶν.

5Ἡ μὲν οὖν ὁδὸς τῆς ζωῆς ἐστιν αὕτη· πρῶτον,

ἀγαπήσεις τὸν Θεὸν τὸν ποιήσαντά σε· δεὺτε-

ρον, τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν· πάντα δὲ ὅσα

ἐὰν θελήσῃς μὴ γίνεσθαί σοι, καὶ σὺ ἄλλῳ μὴ

ποίει. Τούτων δὲ τῶν λόγων ἡ διδαχή ἐστιν

10αὕτη· Εὐλογεῖτε τοὺς καταρωμένους ὑμῖν καὶ

προσεύχεσθε ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ὑμῶν, νηστεύετε

δὲ ὑπὲρ τῶν διωκόντων ὑμᾶς· ποία γὰρ χάρις,–2–

ἐὰν ἀγαπᾶτε τοῦς ἀγαπῶντας ὑμᾶς; οὐχὶ καὶ τὰ

ἔθνη τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν; ὑμεὶς δὲ ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς

15μισοῦντας ὑμᾶς καὶ οὐχ ἕξετε ἐχθρόν. Ἀπέχου

τῶν σαρκικῶν καὶ κοσμικῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν. Ἐάν

τις σοι δῷ ῥάπισμα εἰς τὴν δεξιὰν σιαγόνα,

στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην, καὶ ἔσῃ τέλειος·

ἐὰν ἀγγαρεύσῃ σέ τις μίλιον ἕν, ὕπαγε μετ᾿ αύ-

20τοῦ δύο· ἐὰν ἄρῃ τις τὸ ἱμάτιόν σου, δὸς αὐτῷ

καὶ τὸν χιτῶνα· ἐὰν λάβῃ τις ἀπὸ σοῦ τὸ σόν,

μὴ ἀπαίτει· οὐδὲ γὰρ δύνασαι. Παντὶ τῷ αἰ-

τοῦντί σε δίδου καὶ μὴ ἀπαίτει· πᾶσι γὰρ θέλει

δίδοσθαι ὁ πατὴρ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων χαρισμάτων.

25Μακάριος ὁ διδοὺς κατὰ τὴν ἐντολήν· ἀθῶος

γὰρ ἐστιν· οὐαὶ τῷ λαμβάνοντι· εἰ μὲν γὰρ

χρείαν ἔχων λαμβάνει τις, ἀθῶος ἔσται· ὁ δὲ

μὴ χρείαν ἔχων δώσει δίκνη, ἱνατί ἔλαβε καὶ είς

τί, ἐν συνοχῇ δὲ γενόμενος ἐξετασθήσεται περὶ

30ὥν ἔπραξε, καὶ ούκ ἐξελεύσεται ἐκεῖθεν μέχρις

οὗ ἀποδῷ τὸν ἔσχατον κοδράντην. Ἀλλὰ καὶ

περὶ τούτου δὴ εἴρηται· Ἱδρωσάτω ἡ ἐλεημοσύ-

νη σου εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου, μέχρις ἅν γνῷς τίνι

δῳς.

Κεφ. β΄.—2—

35 Δευτέρα δὲ έντολὴ τῆς διδαχῆς Οὐ φονεύσεις,

οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ παιδοφθορήσεις, οὐ πορνεύσεις,–4–

οὐ κλέψεις, οὐ μαγεύσεις, οὐ φαρμακεύσεις, οὐ

φονεύσεις τέκνον ἐν φθορᾷ οὐδὲ γεννηθὲν ἀπο-

κτενεῖς. Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὰ τοῦ πλησίον,

40οὐκ ἐπιορκήσεις, οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις, οὐ κακο-

λογήσεις, οὐ μνησικακήσεις. Οὐκ ἔσῃ διγνώμων

οὐδὲ δίγλωσσος· παγὶς γὰρ θανάτου ἡ διγλωσ-

σία. Οὐκ ἔσται ὁ λόγος σου ψευδἠς, οὐ κενός,

ἀλλὰ μεμεστωμένος πράξει. Οὐκ ἔσῃ πλεονέκ-

45της οὐδὲ ἅρπαξ οὐδὲ ὑποκριτὴς οὐδὲ κακοήθης

οὐδὲ ὑπερήφανος. Οὐ λήψῃ βουλὴν πονηρὰν

κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου. Οὐ μισήσεις πάντα ἄν-

θρωπον, ἀλλὰ οὓς μὲν ἐλέγξεις, περὶ δὲ ὧν προσ-

εύξῃ, οὓς δὲ άγαπήσεις ὑπὲρ τὴν ψυχήν σου.

Κεφ. γ΄.—3—

50Τέκνον μου, φεῦγε ἀπὸ παντὸς πονηροῦ καὶ

ἀπὸ παντὸς ὁμοίου αὐτοῦ· Μὴ γίνου ὀργίλος·

ὁδηγεῖ γὰρ ἡ ὀργὴ πρὸς τὸν φόνον· μηδὲ ζηλω-

τὴς μηδὲ ἐριστικὸς μηδὲ θυμικός· ἐκ γὰρ τού-

των ἁπάντων φόνοι γεννῶται. Τέκνον μου, μὴ

55γίνου ἐπιθυμητής· ὁδηγεῖ γὰρ ἡ ἐπιθυμία πρὸς

τὴν πορνείαν· μηδὲ αἰσχρολόγος μηδὲ ὑψηλόφ-

θαλμος· ἐκ γὰρ τούτων ἀπάντων μοιχεῖαι γεν-

νῶνται. Τέκνον μου, μὴ γίνου οἰωνοσκόπος·

ἐπειδὴ ὁδηγεῖ εἰς τὴν εἰδωλολατρείαν· μηδὲ ἐπα-

60οιδὸς μηδὲ μαθηματικὸς μηδὲ περικαθαίρων,–6–

μηδὲ θέλε αὐτὰ βλέπειν· ἐκ γὰρ τούτων ἁπάν-

των εἰδωλολατρεία γεννᾶται. Τένον μου, μὴ

γίνου ψεύστης· ἐπειδὴ ὁδηγεῖ τὸ ψεῦσμα εἰς

65ἐκ γὰρ τούτων ἁπάντων κλοπαὶ γεννῶνται. Τέκ-

νον μου, μὴ γίνου γόγγυσος· ἐπειδὴ ὁδηγεῖ είς τὴν

βλασφημίαν· μηδὲ αὐθάδης μηδὲ πονηρόφρων·

ἐκ γὰρ τούτων ἁπάντων βλασφημίαι γεννῶνται.

Ἴσθι δὲ πραΰς, ἐπεὶ οἱ πραεῖς κληρονομήσουσι

70τὴν γῆν. Γίνου μακρόθυμος καὶ έλεήμων καὶ

ἄκακος καὶ ἡσύχιος καὶ άγαθὸς καὶ τρέμων τούς

λόγους διὰ παντός, οὓς ἤκουσας. Οὐκ ὑψώσεις

σεαυτὸν οὐδὲ δώσεις τῇ ψυχῇ σου θράσος. Οὐ

κολληθήσεται ἡ ψυχή σου μετὰ ὑψηλῶν, ἀλλὰ

75μετὰ δικαίων καὶ ταπεινῶν ἀναστραφήσῃ. Τὰ

συμβαίνοντά σοι ἐνεργήματα ὡς ἀγαθὰ προσ-

δέξῃ, εἰδὼς ὅτι ἄτερ Θεοῦ οὐδὲν γίνεται.

Κεφ. δ΄.—4—

Τέκνον μου, τοῦ λαλοῦντός σοι τὸν λόγον τοῦ

Θεοῦ μνησθήσῃ νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας, τιμήσεις δὲ

80αὐτὸν ὡς Κύριον· ὅθεν γὰρ ἡ κυριότης λαλεῖται,

ἐκεὶ Κύριός ἐστιν. Ἐκζητήσεις, δὲ μαθ᾿ ἡμέραν

τὰ πρόσωπα τῶν ἁγίων, ἵνα ἐπαναπαύῃ τοῖς

λόγοις αὐτῶν. Οὐ ποθήσεις σχίσμα, εἰρηνεύ-

σεις δὲ μαχομένους· κρινεῖς δικαίως, οὐ λἠψῃ–8–

85 πρόσωτον ἐλέγξαι ἐπὶ παραπτώμασιν. Οὐ δι-

ψυχήσεις, πότερον ἔσται ἢ οὔ. Μὴ γίνου πρὸς

μὲν τὸ λαβεῖν ἐκτεἰνων τὰς χεῖρας, πρὸς δὲ τὸ

δοῦναι συσπῶν. ἐὰν ἔχῃς, διὰ τῶν χειρῶν σου

δώσεις λύτρωσιν ἁμαρτιῶν σου. Οὐ διστάσεις

90 δοῦναι οὐδὲ διδοῦς γογγύσεις· γνώσῃ γὰρ τίς

ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ μισθοῦ καλὸς ἀνταποδότης. Οὐκ

ἀποστραφήσῃ τὸν ἐνδεόμενον, συγκοινωνήσεις

δὲ πάντα τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου καὶ οὐκ ἐρεῖς ἴδια εἶναι·

εὶ γὰρ ἐν τῷ ἀθανάτῳ κοινωνοί ἐστε, πόσῷ

95 μᾶλλον ἐν τοῖς θνητοῖς; Οὐκ ἀρεῖς τὴν χεῖρα

σου ἀπὸ τοῦ υἱοῦ σου ἢ ἀπὸ τῆς θυγατρός σου,

ἀλλὰ άπὸ νεότητος διδάξεις τὸν φόβον τοῦ

Θεοῦ. Οὐκ ἐπιτάξεις δούλῳ σου ἢ παιδίσκῃ,

τοῖς ἐπὶ τὸν αὐτὸν Θεὸν ἐλπίζουσιν, ἐν πικρίᾳ

100 σου, μήποτε οὐ μὴ φοβηθήσονται τὸν ἐπ᾿ ἀμ-

φοτέροις Θεόν· οὐ γὰρ ἔρχεται κατὰ πρόσωπον

καλέσαι, ἀλλ᾿ ἐφ᾿ οὓς τὸ πνεῦμα ἡτοίμασεν.

Ὑμεῖς δὲ δούλοι ὑποταγήσεσθε τοῖς κυρίοις

ὑμῶν ὡς τύτῳ Θεοῦ ἐν αἰσχύνῃ καὶ φόβῳ.

105 Μισήσεις πᾶσαν ὑπόκρισιν καὶ τᾶν ὃ μὴ ἀρεσ-

τὸν τῷ Κυρίῳ. Οὐ μὴ ἐγκαταλίπῃς ἐντολὰς

Κυρίου, φυλάξεις δὲ ἃ παρέλαβες, μήτε προστι-

θεὶς μήτε ἀφαιρῶν. Ἐν έκκλησίᾳ ἐξομολογήσῃ

τὰ παραπτώματά σου, καὶ οὐ προσελεύσῃ ἐπὶ –10–

110 προσευχήν σου ἐν συνειδήσει πονηρᾷ. Αὕτη

ἐστὶν ἡ ὁδὸς τὴς ζωῆς.

Κεφ. ε΄.—5—

Ἡ δὲ τοῦ θανάτου ὁδός ἐστιν αὕτη· πρῶτον

πάντων πονηρά ἐστι καὶ κατάρας μεστή· φόνοι,

μοιχεῖαι, ἐπιθυμίαι, πορνεῖαι, κλοπαί, εἰδωλο-

115 λατρεῖαι, μαγεῖαι, φαρμακεῖαι, ἁρπαγαί, ψευδο-

μαρτυρίαι, ὑποκρίσεις, διπλοκαρδία, δόλος, ὑπερ-

ηφανία, κακία, αὐθάδεια, πλεονεξία, αἰσχρολο-

γἰα, ζηλοτυπία, θρασύτης, ὕψος, ἀλαζονεία·

διῶκται ἀγαθῶν, μισοῦντες ἀλήθειαν, ἀγαπῶν-

120 τες ψεῦδος, οὐ γινώσκοντες μισθὸν δικαιο-

σύνης, οὐ κολλῶμενοι ἀγαθῷ οὐδὲ κρίσει δι-

καίᾳ, ἀγρυπνοῦντες οὐκ εἰς τὸ ἀγαθόν, ἀλλ᾿

εἰς τὸ πονηρόν· ὧν μακρὰν πραΰτης καὶ ὑπο-

μονή, μάταια ἀγαπῶντες, διώκοντες ἀνταπό-

125 δομα, οὐκ ἐλεοῦντες πτωχόν, οὐ πονοῦντες ἐπὶ

καταπονουμένῳ, οὐ γινώσκοντες τὸν ποιήσαντα

αὐτούς, φονεῖς τέκνων, φθορεῖς πλάσματος Θεοῦ,

ἀποστρεφόμενοι τὸν ἐνδεόμενον, καταπονοῦντες

τὸν θλιβόμενον, πλουσίων παράκλητοι, πενή-

130 των ἄνομοι κριταί, πανθαμάρτητοι· ῥυσθείητε,

τέκνα, ἀπὸ τούτων ἁπάντων.

Κεφ. ϛ΄.—6—

Ὅρα μή τις σε πλανήσῃ ἀπὸ ταύτης τῆς ὁδοῦ

τῆς διδαχῆς, ἐπεὶ παρεκτὸς Θεοῦ σε διδάσκει.–12–

Εἰ μὲν γὰρ δύνασαι βαστάσαι ὅλον τὸν ζυγὸν

135 τοῦ Κυρίου, τέλειος ἕσῃ· εἰ δ᾿ οὐ δύνασαι, ὃ δύνῃ

τοῦτο ποίει. Περὶ δὲ τῆς βρώσεως, ὃ δύνασαι

βάστασον· ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ είδωλαθύτου λίαν τρός-

εχε· λατρεία γὰρ ἐστι Θεῶν νεκρῶν.

Κεφ. ζ΄.—7—

Περὶ δὲ τοῦ βαπτίσματος, οὕτω βαπτίσατε·

140 ταῦτα πάντα προειπόντες, βαπτίσατε εἰς τὸ

ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υίοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου

Πνεύματος ἐν ὕδατι ζῶντι. Ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἔχῃς

ὕδωρ ζῶν, εἰς ἄλλο ὕδωρ βάπτισον· εἰ δ᾿ οὐ

δύνασαι ἐν ψυχρῷ, ἐν θερμῷ. Ἐὰν δε ἀμφότερα

145 μὴ ἔχῃς, ἔκχεον εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν τρὶς ὕδωρ είς

ὄνομα Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου Πνεύματος.

Πρὸ δὲ τοῦ βαπτίσματος προνηστευσάτω ὁ βαπ-

τίζων καὶ ὁ βαπτιζόμενος καὶ εἴ τινες ἀλλοι δύ-

νανται· κελεύσεις δὲ νηστεῦσαι τὸν βαπτιζο-

150 μενον πρὸ μιᾶς ἢ δύο.

Κεφ. η΄.—8—

Αἱ δὲ νηστεῖαι ὑμῶν μὴ ἔστωσαν μετὰ τῶν

ὑποκριτῶν· νηστεύουσι γὰρ δευτέρᾳ σαββά-

των καὶ πέμπτῃ· ὑμεῖς δὲ νηστεύσατε τετ-

ράδα καὶ παρασκευήν. Μηδὲ προσεύχεσθε

155 ὡς οἱ ὑποκριταί, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς ἐκέλευσεν ὁ Κύριος

ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ αὐτοῦ, οὕτω προσεύχεσθε·–14–

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, ἁγιασθήτω τὸ

ὄνομά σου, έλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου, γενη-

θήτω τὸ θέλημά σου ὡς ἐν ούρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·

160 τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν επιούιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμε-

ρον καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὴν ὀφειλὴν ἡμῶν ὡς καὶ

ἡμεἰς ἀφίεμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν, καὶ μὴ

εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν, ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς

ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ· ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ

165 δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Τρὶς τῆς ἡμέρας οὕτω

προσεύχεσθε.

Κεφ. θ΄.—9—

Περὶ δὲ τῆς εὐχαριστίας, οὕτως εὐχαριστήσατε·

πρῶτον περὶ τοῦ ποτηρίου· Εὐχαριστοῦμέν σοι,

Πάτερ ἡμῶν, ὑπὲρ τῆς ἁγίας ἀμπέλου Δαβὶδ

170 τοῦ παιδός σου, ἧς ἐγνώρισας ἡμῖν διὰ Ἰησοῦ

τοῦ παιδός σου· σοὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Περὶ

δὲ τοῦ κλάσματος· Εὐχαριστοῦμέν σοι, Πάτερ

ἡμῶν, ὑπὲρ τῆς ζωῆς καὶ γνώσεως, ἧς ἐγνὠρισας

ἡμῖν διὰ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ παιδός σου· σοὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς

175 τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ὥσπερ ἧν τοῦτο κλάσμα διεσκορ-

πισμένον ἐπάνω τῶν ὀρέων καὶ συναχθὲν ἐγἐ-

νετο ἕν, οὕτω συναχθήτω σου ἡ ἐκκλησία ἀπὸ

τῶν περάτων τῆς γῆς εἰς τὴν σὴν βασιλείαν·

ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ ἡ δύναμις διὰ Ἰησοῦ

180 Χριστοῦ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Μηδεὶς δὲ φαγέτω–16–

μηδὲ πιέτω ἀπὸ τῆς εὐχαριστίας ὑμῶν, ἀλλ᾿ οἱ

βαπτισθέντες εἰς ὄνομα Κυρίου· καὶ γὰρ περὶ

τούτου εἴρηκεν ὁ Κύριος· Μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς

κυσί.

Κεφ. ι΄.—10—

185 Μετὰ δὲ τὸ ἐμπλησθῆναι οὕτως εὐχαριστή-

σατε· Εὐχαριστοῦμέν σοι, Πάτερ ἅγιε, ὑπὲρ τοῦ

ἁγίου ὀνόματός σου, οὗ κατεσκήνωσας ἐν ταῖς

καρδίαις ἡμῶν, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς γνώσεως καὶ πίσ-

τεως καὶ ἀθανασίας· ἧς ἐγνώρισας ἡμῖν διὰ

190 Ἰησοῦ τοῦ παιδός σου· σοὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς

αἰῶνας. Σὐ, δέσποτα παντοκράτορ, ἔκτισας τὰ

πάντα ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀνόματός σου, τροφήν τε καὶ

ποτὸν ἔδωκας τοῖς ἀνθρώποις εἰς ἀπόλαυσιν ἵνα

σοι εὐχαριστήσωσιν, ἡμῖν δὲ ἐχαρίσω πνευ-

195 ματικὴν τροφὴν καὶ ποτὸν καὶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον διὰ

τοῦ παιδός σου. Πρὸ τάντων εὐχαριστοῦμέν

σοι ὅτι δυνατὸς εἶ· σοὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.

Μνήσθητι, Κύριε, τῆς ἐκκλησίας σου τοῦ ῥύσα-

σθαι αὐτὴν ἀπὸ παντὸς πονηροῦ καὶ τελειῶσαι

200 αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ σου, καὶ σύναξον αὐτὴν ἀπὸ

τῶν τεσσάρων ἀνέμων, τὴν ἁγιασθείσαν εἰς τὴν

σὴν βασιλείαν, ἣν ἡτοίμασας αὐτῇ· ὅτι σοῦ

ἐστιν ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.

Ἐλθέτω χάρις καὶ παρελθέτω ὁ κόσμος οὖτος.–18–

205 Ὡσαννὰ τῷ υἱῷ Δαβίδ. Εἴ τις ἅγιός ἐστιν, έρ-

χέσθω· εἴ τις οὐκ ἔστι, μετανοείτω· μαραναθά.

Ἀμήν. Τοῖς δὲ προφήταις ἐπιτρέπετε εύχα-

ριστεῖν ὅσα θέλουσιν.

Κεφ. ιαʹ.—11—

Ὅς ἂν οὖν ἐλθὼν διδάξῃ ὑμᾶς ταῦτα πάντα,

210 τὰ προειρημένα, δέξασθε αὐτόν· ἐὰν δὲ αὐτὸς

ὁ διδἀσκων στραφεὶς διδάσκῃ ἄλλην διδαχὴν εἰς

τὸ καταλῦσαι, μὴ αὐτοῦ ἀκοῦσητε· εἰς δὲ τὸ

προσθεῖναι δικαιοσύνην καὶ γνῶσιν Κυρίου,

δέξασθε αὐτὸν ὡς Κύριον. Περὶ δὲ τῶν ἀποσ-

215 τόλων καὶ προφητῶν κατὰ τὸ δόγμα τοῦ εὐαγ-

γελίου, οὕτω ποιἠσατε. Πᾶς δὲ ἀπόστολος

ἐρχόμενος πρὸς ὑμᾶς δεχθήτω ὡς Κύριος· οὐ

μενεῖ δὲ ἡμέραν μίαν· ἐὰν δὲ ᾖ χρεία, καὶ τὴν

ἀλλην· τρεῖς δὲ ἐὰν μείνῃ. ψευδοπροφήτης

220 ἐστίν. Ἐξερχόμενος δὲ ὁ ἀπόστολος μηδὲν λαμ-

βανέτω εἰμὴ ἄρτον ἕως οὗ αὐλισθῇ· ἐὰν δὲ ἀρ-

γύριον αἰτῇ, ψευδοπροφήτης ἐστί. Καὶ πάντα

προφήτην λαλοῦντα ἐν πνεύματι οὐ πειράσετε

οὐδὲ διακρινεῖτε· πᾶσα γὰρ ἁμαρτῖα ἀφεθή-

225 σεται, αὕτη δὲ ἡ ἁμαρτία οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται. Οὐ

πᾶς δὲ ὁ λαλῶν ἐν πνεύματι προφήτης ἐστίν,

ἀλλ᾿ ἐὰν ἔχῃ τοὺς τρόπους Κυρίου. Ἀπὸ οὖν

τῶν τρόπων γνωσθήσεται ὁ ψευδοπροφήτης καὶ–20–

ὁ προφήτης. Καὶ πᾶς προφήτης ὁρίζων τρά-

230 πεζαν ἐν πνεύματι, οὐ φάγεται ἀπ᾿ αὐτῆς, εἰδὲ

μήγε ψευδοπροφήτης ἐστί· πᾶς δὲ προφήτης

διδάσκων τὴν ἀλήθειαν, εἰ ἃ διδάσκει οὐ ποιεῖ,

ψευδοπροφήτης ἐστί. Πᾶς δὲ προφήτης δεδοκι-

μασμένος, ἀληθιωός, ποιῶν εἰς μυστήριον κοσμι-

235 κὸν ἐκκλησίας, μὴ διδάσκων δὲ ποιεῖν ὅσα αὐτὸς

ποιεῖ, οὐ κριθήσεται ἐφ᾿ ὑμῶν· μετὰ Θεοῦ γὰρ

ἔχει τὴν κρίσιν· ὠσαύτως γὰρ ἐποίησαν καὶ οἱ

ἀρχαῖοι προφῆται. Ὃς δ᾿ἃν εἴπῃ ἐν πνεύματι·

Δός μοι ἀργύρια ἢ ἕτερά τινα, οὐκ ἀκούσεσθε

240 αὐτοῦ· ἐὰν δὲ περὶ ἄλλων ὑστερούντων εἴτῃ

δοῦναι, μηδεὶς αὐτὸν κρινέτω.

Κεφ. ιβʹ.—12—

Πᾶς δὲ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου δεχ-

θήτω, ἔπειτα δὲ δοκιμάσαντες αὐτὸν γνώσεσθε·

σύνεσιν γὰρ ἕξετε δεξιὰν καὶ ἀριστεράν. Εἰμὲν

245 παρόδιός ἐστιν ὁ ἐρχόμενος, βοηθεῖτε αὐτῷ ὅσον

δύνασθε· οὐ μενεῖ δὲ πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰ μὴ δύο ἢ

τρεῖς ἡμέρος, ἐὰν ᾖ ἀνάγκη. Εἰ δὲ θέλει πρὸς

ὑμᾶς καθῆσαι, τεχνίτης ὤν, ἐργαζέσθω καὶ

φαγέτω· εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἔχει τέχνην, κατὰ τὴν σύνεσιν

250 ὑμῶν προνοήσατε, πῶς μὴ ἀργὸς μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν ζήσε-

ται χριστιανός. Εἰ δ᾿ οὐ θέλει οὕτω ποιεῖν, χρισ-

τέμπορός ἐστι· προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν τοιούτων.–22–

Κεφ. ιγʹ.—13—

Πᾶς δὲ προφήτης ἀληθινός, θέλων καθῆσαι

πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἄξιός ἐστι τῆς τροφῆς αὐτοῦ. Ὡσαύ-

255 τως διδάσκαλος ἀληθινός ἐστιν ἄξιος καὶ αὐ-

τός, ὥςπερ ὁ ἐργάτης, τῆς τροφῆς αὐτοῦ. Πᾶ-

σαν οὖν ἀπαρχὴν γεννημάτων ληνοῦ καὶ ἅλωνος,

βοῶν τε καὶ προβάτων λαβὼν δώσεις τοῖς προ-

φήταις· αὐτοὶ γάρ εἰσιν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς ὑμῶν.

260 Ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἔχητε προφήτης, δότε τοῖς πτωχοῖς.

Ἐὰν σιτίαν ποιῇς, τὴν ἀπαρχὴν λαβὼν δὸς κατὰ

τὴν ἐντολήν. Ὡσαύτως κεράμιον οἴνου ἢ ἐλαίου

ἀνοίξας, τὴν ἀπαρχὴν λαβὼν δὸς τοῖς προφήταις·

ἀργυρίου δὲ καὶ ἱματισμοῦ καὶ παντὸς κτήματος

265 λαβὼν τὴν ἀπαρχὴν ὡς ἄν σοι δόξῃ, δὸς κατὰ

τὴν ἐντολήν.

Κεφ. ιδʹ.—14—

Κατὰ κυριακὴν δὲ Κυρίου συναχθέντες κλά-

σατε ἄρτον καὶ εύχαριστήσατε προσεξομολογη-

σάμενοι τὰ παραπτώματα ὑμῶν, ὅπως καθαρὰ

270 ἡ θυσία ὑμῶν ᾖ. Πᾶς δὲ ἔχων τὴν ἀμφιβολίαν

μετὰ τοῦ ἑταίρου αὐτοῦ μὴ συνελθέτω ὑμῖν, ἕως

οὗ διαλλαγῶσιν, ἵνα μὴ κοινωθῇ ἡ θυσία ὑμῶν·

αὕτη γὰρ ἐστιν ἡ ῥηθεῖσα ὑπὸ Κυρίου· Ἐν

παντὶ τόπῳ καὶ χρόνῳ προσφέρειν μοι θυσίαν

275 καθαράν· ὅτι βασιλεὺς μέγας εἰμί, λέγει Κύρι-

ος, καὶ τὸ ὄνομά μου θαυμαστὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι.–24–

Κεφ. ιεʹ.—15—

Χειροτονήσατε οὖν ἑαυτοῖς ἐπισκόπους καὶ

διακόνους ἀξίους τοῦ Κυρίου, ἄνδρας πραεῖς καὶ

ἀφιλαργύρους καὶ ἀληθεῖς καὶ δεδοκιμασμένους·

280 ὑμῖν γὰρ λειτουργοῦσι καὶ αὐτοὶ τὴν λειτουργὶ-

αν τῶν προφητῶν καὶ διδασκάλων. Μὴ οὖν

ὑπερίδητε αὐτούς· αὐτοὶ γὰρ εἰσιν οἱ τετιμημέ-

νοι ὑμῶν μετὰ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ διδασκάλων.

Ἐλέγχετε δὲ ἀλλήλους μὴ ἐν ὀργῇ, ἀλλ᾿ ἐν

285 εἰρήνῃ, ὡς ἔχετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ· καὶ παντὶ

ἀστοχοῦντι κατὰ τοῦ ἑτέρου μηδεὶς λαλείτω μηδὲ

παρ᾿ ὑμῶν ἀκουέτω, ἕως οὗ μετανοήσῃ. Τὰς δὲ

εὐχὰς ὑμῶν καὶ τὰς ἐλεημοσύνας καὶ πάσας τὰς

πράξεις οὕτω ποιήσατε, ὡς ἔχετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγε-

290 λίῳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν.

Κεφ. ιϛ΄.—16—

Γρηγορεῖτε ὑπὲρ τῆς ζωῆς ὑμῶν· οἱ λύχνοι

ὑμῶν μὴ σβεσθήτωσαν, καὶ αἱ ὀσφύες ὑμῶν μὴ

ἐκλυέσθωσαν, ἀλλὰ γίνεσθε ἕτοιμοι· οὐ γὰρ

οἴδατε τὴν ὥραν, ἐν ᾗ ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν ἔρχεται.

295 Πυκνῶς δὲ συναχθἠσεσθε ζητοῦντες τὰ ἀνήκον-

τα ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν· οὐ γὰρ ὠφελήσει ὑμᾶς

ὁ πᾶς χρόνος τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν, ἐὰν μὴ ἐν τῷ

ἐσχάτῳ καιρῷ τελειωθῆτε. Ἐν γὰρ ταῖς ἐσχᾶ-

ταις ἡμέραις πληθυνθήσονται οἱ ψευδοπροφῆται

300 καὶ οἱ φθορεῖς καὶ στραφήσονται τὰ πρόβατα–26–

εἰς λύκους καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη στραφήσεται εἰς μῖσος·

αὐξανοὐσης γὰρ τῆς ἀνομίας, μισήσουσιν ἀλλή-

λους καὶ διώξουσι καὶ παραδώσουσι, καὶ τότε

φανήσεται ὁ κοσμοπλάνος ὡς υἱὸς Θεοῦ καὶ ποι-

305 ήσει σημεἰα καὶ τέρατα, καὶ ἡ γῆ παραδοθήσε-

ται εἰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ποιήσει ἀθέμιτα, ἃ

οὐδέποτε γίγονεν ἐξ αἰῶνος. Τότε ἥξει ἡ κτίσις

τῶν ἀνθρώπων εἰς τὴν πύρωσιν τῆς δοκιμασίας

καὶ σκανδαλισθήσονται πολλοὶ καὶ ἀπολοῦνται,

310 οἱ δὲ ὑπομείναντες ἐν τῇ πίστει αὐτῶν σωθή-

σονται ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ τοῦ καταθέματος. Καὶ τότε

φανήσεται τὰ σημεῖα τῆς ἀληθείας· πρῶτον,

σημεῖον ἐκπετάσεως ἐν οὐρανῷ, εἶτα σημεῖον

φωνῆς σάλπιγγος καὶ τὸ τρίτον ἀνάστασις νε-

315 κρῶν· οὐ πάντων δέ, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς ἐρρέθη· Ἥξει ὁ

Κύριος καὶ πάντες οἱ ἅγιοι μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ. Τότε

ὄψεται ὁ κόσμος τὸν Κύριον ἐρχόμενον ἐπάνω

τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.–28–

TEACHING

OF THE

TWELVE APOSTELS.

TEACHING OF THE LORD, THROUGH THE TWELVE APOSTLES,

TO THE NATIONS.

CHAP. I: [1] — Two ways there are, one of life and one of

death, but there is a great difference between the two

ways. The way of life, then, is this: First, thou shalt

love the God who made thee; secondly, thy neighbor

as thyself; and all things whatsoever thou wouldst not

have befall thee, too, do not to another. Now

of these words the teaching is this: Bless them that

curse you, and pray for your enemies, and fast for

them that persecute you: for what thank have ye if ye–3–

love them that love you? Do not the nations also the

same? But love ye them that hate you and ye shall

have no enemy. Abstain from the fleshly and worldly

lusts. If any one give thee a blow on the right cheek,

turn to him the other also, and thou shalt be perfect;

if any one compel thee to go one mile, go with him

two; if any one take thy cloak, give him thy tunic also;

if any one take from thee what is thine, ask it not

back; for indeed thou canst not. To every one that

asketh thee, and ask not back; for to all the

Father desires to give of his own gracious gifts. Blessed

is he that giveth according to the commandment; for

he is guiltless; wo to him that taketh; for if indeed,

one taketh who hath need, he shall be guiltless; but he

who hath no need shall give account, why he took, and

for what purpose, and coming under arrest shall be ex-

amind concerning what he did, and shall not go out

thence until he pay the last farthing. But it hath

been also said concerning this matter: Let thine alms

sweat in thy hands, until that knowest to whom thou

shouldst give.

CHAP. II: [2] — Now the second commandment of the

teaching is: Thou shalt not kill, thou shalt not commit

adultery, thou shalt not corrupt boys, thou shalt not –5–

commit fornication, thou shalt not steal, thou shalt not

practise magic, thou shalt not use sorcery, thou shalt

not slay a child by abortion, nor what is begotten shall

thou destroy. Thou shalt not lust after the things

of thy neighbour, thou shalt not forswear thyself,

thou shalt not bear false witness, thou shalt not re-

vile, thou shalt not bear malice. Thou shalt not be

doubled-minded nor doubled-tongued; for a snare of

death is the double tongue. Thy speech shall not be

false, nor empty, but filled with doing. Thou shalt not

be covetous, nor rapacious, nor a hypocrite, nor malicious,

nor arrogant. Thou shalt not take evil counsel against

thy neighbour. Thou shalt hate no man, but some thou

shalt reprove, and for some thou shalt pray, and some

thou shalt love above thy life.

CHAP. III: [3] — My child, flee from every evil thing, and

from everything like it. Be not inclined to anger, for

anger leadeth to murder; nor jealous, nor contentious,

nor passionate; for of all these murders are begotten.

My child, become not lustful; for lust leadeth to for-

nication; nor foul-mouthed, nor lofty-eyed; for of all

these things adulteries are begotten. My child, become

not an omen-watcher; since it leadeth into idolatry;

nor an enchanter, nor an astrologer, nor a purifier, nor –7–

be willing to look upon these things; for of all these

things idolatry is begotten. My child, become not a

liar; since lying leads to theft; nor avaricious, nor vain-

glorious; for of all these things thefts are begotten.

My child, become not a murmurer; since it leads to

blasphemy; nor presumptuous, nor evil-minded; for of

all these things blasphemies are begotten. But be meek,

since the meek shall inherit the earth. Become long-

suffering and pitiful and guileless and gentle and good,

and tremble continually at the words which thou hast

heard. Thou shalt not exalt thyself, nor permit over-

boldness to thy soul. Thy soul shall not cleave to the

high, but with the righteous and lowly thou shalt

dwell. The things that befall thee accept as well-

wrought, knowing that without God nothing occurs.

CHAP IV: [4] — My child, him that speaks to thee the

word of God remember night and day, and thou shalt

honor him as the Lord; for where that which pertaineth

to the Lord is spoken there the Lord is. And thou shalt

seek out daily the faces of the saints that thou mayst be

refreshed by their words. Thou shalt not desire division,

but shalt make peace between those who content; thou –9–

shalt judge justly, thou shalt not respect persons in con-

victing for transgressions. Thou shalt not hesitate

whether it shall be or not. Become not one who for tak-

ing stretches out the hands, but for giving draws them

in; if thou hast anything, by thy hands thou shalt give

a ransom for thy sins. Thou shalt not hesitate to give,

nor when giving shalt thou murmur, for thou shalt know

who is the good dispenser of the recompense. Thou

shalt not turn away the needy, but shalt share all things

with thy brother, and shalt not say they are thine own;

for it ye are partners in that which is imperishable, how

much more is the perishable things? Thou shalt not

take off thy hand from thy son and from thy daughter,

but from youth thou shalt teach them the fear of God.

Thou shalt not lay commands in thy bitterness upon thy

slave or handmaid, who hope in the same God, lest they

perchance shalt not fear the God who is over you both;

for he cometh not to call men according to the ap-

pearance, but to those whom the Spirit hath made

ready. And ye, slaves, ye shall be subject to your lords,

as to God's image, in modesty and fear. Thou shalt

hate every hypocrisy, and whatever is not pleasing to

the Lord. Thou shalt by no means forsake the Lord's

commandments, but shalt guard what thou hast received,

neither adding to it nor taking from it. In the church –11–

thou shalt confess thy transgressions, and shalt not come

forward for thy prayer with an evil conscience. This

is the way of life.

CHAP V: [5] — Now the way of death is this: first of

all it is evil, and full of curse; murders, adulteries, lusts,

fornications, thefts, idolatries, magic arts, sorceries, rob-

beries, false testimonies, hypocrisies, duplicity, craft,

arrogance, vice, presumptuousness, greed, foul speech,

jealousy, over-boldness, loftiness, pretence; persecutors

of the good, hating truth, loving falsehood, knowing not

the reward of righteousness, not cleaving to what which

is good nor to righteous judgment, on the watch not

for good but for evil; far from whom are meekness

and humility, loving vanities, pursuing revenge, not

knowing him that made them, murderers of children,

destroyers of the image of God, turning away the

needy, oppressing the afflicted, advocates of the rich,

lawless judges of the poor, universal sinners: may ye

be delivered, children, from all these.

CHAP VI: [6] — See that no one lead thee astray from

this way of the teaching, because apart from God does –13–

he teach thee. For if thou art able to bear the whole

yoke of the Lord, thou shalt be perfect; but if thou art

not able, what thou art able, that do. And concerning

food, what thou are able, bear; but of that offered to

idols, beware exceedingly; for it is a worship of dead

gods.

CHAP VII: [7] — Now concerning baptism, thus baptize

ye: having first uttered all these things, baptize into the

name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy

Spirit, in running water. But if thou hast not running

water, baptize in other water; and if thou canst not in

cold, then in warm. But if thou hast neither, pour

water upon the head thrice, into the name of the Father

and Son and Holy Spirit. But before the baptism let

the baptizer and the baptized fast, and whatever others

can; but the baptized thou shalt command to fast for

two or three days before.

CHAP VIII: [8] — But let not your fasting be appointed

in common with the hypocrites; for they fast on the

second day of the week and on the fifth; but do ye fast

during the fourth, and the preparation day. Nor pray

ye like the hypocrites, but as the Lord commanded in his –15–

gospel, thus pray: Our Father who art in heaven, Hal-

lowed by thy name, thy kingdom come, thy will be

done, as in heaven, so on earth; our daily bread give us

to-day, and forgive us our debt as we also forgive our

debtors, and bring us not into temptation, but deliver us

from the evil one; for thine is the power and the glory

forever. Thee times in the day pray ye thus.

CHAP IX: [9] — Now concerning the Eucharist, thus give

thanks; first, concerning the cup: We thank thee, our

Father, for the holy vine of David thy servant, which

thou hast made known to us through Jesus thy servant;

to thee by the glory forever. And concerning the

broken bread: We thank thee, our Father, for the life

and the knowledge which thou hast made known to us

through Jesus thy servant; to thee by the glory forever.

Just as this broken bread was scattered over the hills

and having been gathered together became one, so let

thy church be gathered together from the ends of the

earth into thy kingdom; for thine is the glory and the

power through Jesus Christ forever. But let no one eat –17–

or drink of your Eucharist, except those baptized into

the Lord's name; for in regard to this the Lord hath

said: Give not that which is holy to the dogs.

CHAP X: [10] — Now after ye are filled thus do ye give

thanks: We thank thee, holy Father, for thy holy

name, which thou hast caused to dwell in our hearts,

and for the knowledge and faith and immortality which

thou hast made known to us through Jesus thy servant;

to thee be the glory forever. Thou, Almighty Master,

didst create all things for thy name's sake; both food

and drink thou didst give to men for enjoyment, in

order that they might give thanks to thee; but to us

thou hast graciously given spiritual food and drink

and eternal life through thy servant. Before all things,

we thank thee that thou art powerful; to thee be the

glory forever. Remember, Lord, thy church, to de-

liver it from every evil and to make it perfect in thy

love, and gather it from the four winds, it, the sancti-

fied, into thy kingdom, which thou hast prepared for

it; for thine is the power and the glory forever. Let

grace come and let this world pass away. Hosanna to –19–

the son of David! Whoever is holy, let him come;

whoever is not let him repent. Maranatha. Amen.

But permit the prophets to give thanks as much as they

will.

CHAP XI: [11] — Now whoever cometh and teacheth you

all these things, before spoken, receive him; but if the

teacher himself turn aside and teach another teaching,

so as to overthrow this, do not hear him; but if he teach

so as to promote righteousness and knowledge of the

Lord, receive him as the Lord. But in regard to the

apostles and prophets, according to the ordinance of the

gospel, so do ye. And every apostle who cometh to you,

let him be received as the Lord; but he shall not remain

more than one day; if, however, there be need, then

the next day; but if he remain three days, he is a false

prophet. But when the apostle departeth, let him take

nothing except bread enough till he lodge again; but

if he ask money, he is a false prophet. And every

prophet who speaketh in the spirit, ye shall not try

nor judge; for every sin shall be forgiven, but this sin

shall not be forgiven. But not every one that speaketh

in the spirit is a prophet, but only if he have the ways

of the Lord. So from their ways shall the false prophet –21–

and the prophet be known. And no prophet who or-

ders a meal, in the spirit, eateth of it, unless indeed he

is a false prophet; and every prophet who teacheth the

truth, if he do not which he teacheth, is a false

prophet. But every prophet, proved, true, acting with

a view to the mystery of the church on earth, but not

teaching others to do all that he himself doeth, shall

not be judged among you; for with God he hath his

judgment; for so did the ancient prophets also. But

whoever, in the spirit, says: Give me money, or some-

thing else, ye shall not hear him; but if for others in

need, he bids you give, let no one judge him.

CHAP XII: [12] — But let every one that cometh in the

Lord's name be received, but afterward ye shall test and

know him; for ye shall have understanding, right and

left. If he who comes is a traveller, help him a much

as ye can; but he shall not remain with you, unless for

two or three days, if there be necessity. But if he will

take up his abode among you, being an artisan, let him

work and so eat; but if he have no trade, provide,

according to your understanding, that no idler live

with you as a Christian. But if he will not act accord-

ing to this, he is one who makes gain out of Christ; be-

ware of such.–23–

CHAP XIII: [13] — But every true prophet who will set-

tle among you is worthy of his support. Likewise a

true teacher, he also is worthy, like the workman, of

his support. Every firstfruit, then, of the products of

wine-press and threshing-floor, or oxen and of sheep,

thou shalt take and give to the prophets; for they are

your high-priests. but if ye have no prophet, give it to

the poor. If thou makest a baking of bread, take the

first of it and give according to the commandment. In

like manner when thou openest a jar of wine or oil, take

the first of it and give to the prophets; and of money and

clothing and every possession take the first, as seems

right to thee, and give according to the commandment.

CHAP XIV: [14] — But on the Lord's day do ye assemble

and break bread, and give thanks, after confessing your

transgressions, in order that your sacrifice may be pure.

But every one that hath controversy with his friend, let

him not come together with you, until they be reconciled,

that your sacrifice may not be profaned. For this is

that which was spoken by the Lord: At every place and

time, bring me a pure sacrifice; for a great king am I,

saith the Lord, and my name is marvellous among the

nations.–25–

CHAP XV: [15] — Now appoint for yourselves bishops and

deacons worthy of the Lord, men meek and not ava-

ricious, and upright and proved; for they, too, render

you the service of the prophets and teachers. Despise

them not, therefore; for they are the ones who are

honored of you, together with the prophets and teachers.

And reprove one another, not in anger but in peach,

as ye have it in the gospel; and to every one who erreth

against another, let no one speak, nor let him hear any-

thing from yo, until he repent. But your prayers and

your alms and all your deeds so do ye, as ye have it

in the gospel of our Lord.

CHAP XVI: [16] — Watch for your life's sake; let your

lamps not go out, and your loins not be relaxed, but be

ready; for ye know not the hour in which our Lord com-

eth. But ye shall come together often, and seek the

things which befit your souls; for the whole time of your

faith thus far will not profit you, if ye do not be-

come perfect in the last time. For in the last days

the false prophets and the corruptors shall be multiplied,

and the sheep shall be turned into wolves, and love –27–

shall be turned into hate; for when lawlessness in-

creaseth they shall hate one another, and shall persecute

and shall deliver up, and then shall appear the world-

deceiver as the Son of God, and shall do signs and won-

ders, and the earth shall be given into his hands, and

he shall commit iniquities which have never get been

done since the beginning. Then all crated men shall

com into into the fire of trial, and many shall be made to

stumble and shall perish. But they that endure in

their faith shall be saved from this curse. And then

shall appear the signs of the truth; first the sign of an

opening in heaven, then the sign of the trumpet's sound,

and thirdly, the resurrection of the dead; yet not of all,

but as it hath been said: The Lord will come and the

saints with him. Then shall the world see the Lord

coming upon the clouds of heaven.–29–

USE OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES IN THE “TEACHING.”¹

OLD TESTAMENT

LINE

LINE

*Deut. 5:17-19

35 f.

*Sirach 4:31

86 f.

*Tobit. 4:15

7 f.

Zech. 14:5

315 f.

*Sirach 2:4

75 f.

*Mal. 1:11, 14

273 f.

*Sirach. 4:5

91 f.

NEW TESTAMENT

LINE

LINE

*Matt. 5:5

69 f.

*Matt. 24:3-4

298 f.

*Matt. 5:22

284 f.

*Matt. 24:24-31

313 f.

*Matt. 5:26

30 f.

*Matt 24:31

200 f.

*Matt. 5:39-48

16 f.

*Matt. 24:43, 44

291 f.

Matt. 6:5-13

155 f.

Matt 28:19

140 f.

*Matt. 6 and 7

289

*Luke 6:27-35

10

*Matt. 7:6

183 f.

*Luke 9:1-6

215 f.

*Matt. 7:15-23

215 f.

Luke 10:4-21

215 f.

*Matt. 10:5-12

215 f.

Luke 11:2-4

215 f.

*Matt. 10:10

256 f.

*Luke 11 and 12

289 f

*Matt 12:31

224 f.

*Luke 12:35

291 f.

*Matt. 18:15-17

284

*Acts 4:32

92 f.

*Matt. 18:21-35

284

*Eph 6:5, 9

103 f.

Matt. 21:9

205

*1 Thess. 5:22

50 f.

Matt. 22:27-39

5 f.

*1 Pet. 2:11

15 f.

¹ This table is that of Bryennios, who adds: “By this sign [*] are distinguished the passages which are not verbally cited in the ‘Teaching,’ and those to which the ‘Teaching,’ simply refers, with the words, ‘As the Lord commanded in the gospel.’”

—EDS.

–30–

NOTES

THE TITLE

Another title is Διδαχὴ κυρίου διὰ τῶν δώδεκα Ἀποστόλων, “Teaching of the Lord through the Twelve Apostles.” Athanasius also calls it διδαχή. But Eusebius (Hist iii. 25) uses the plural, διδαχαί. And Clement of Alexandria cites it as γραφή.

Κεφ. αʹ. — CHAP. I.

P. 2, 1.8.—“do not to another”] The Golden Rule occurs both here and in the Apostolic Constitutions (vii. 2), in a negative form, as in the teachings of Confucius.

P. 2, 1.11.—“fast for them that persecute you”] The emphasis put upon fasting, here and elsewhere in this document, is not sign of Montanism, since fasting was much emphasized in the early Church, and Montanism itself was, in this respect, only an exaggeration of common usage.

P. 4, 1.15—“ye shall have no enemy”] Suggested, apparently, by 1 Pet. iii.13, “And who is he that will harm you, if ye be zealous of that which is good?”

P. 4, 1.22—“for indeed thou canst not”] Because Christians were forbidden to go to law before the unrighteous,” 1 Cor. vi. 1.

–31–

P. 4, 1.32—“Let thine alms sweat in thy hands, until thou knowest to whom thou shouldst give”] A very graphic injunction of carefulness in giving.

Κεφ. βʹ. — CHAP. II.

P. 4, 1.36.—“thou shalt not corrupt boys”] The παιδεραστία of Classic writers, referred to by Paul in Rom. i.27.

P. 6, 1.38.—“by abortion”] Another heathen abomination.

P. 6, 1.42, 43.—“διγλωσσία”] This noun does not occur in Classic Greek, nor in the New Testament, but is found, together with the entire sentence in which it here stands, in the Epistle of Barnabas, Chap. xix. There are many other correspondences between that epistle and the present document.

P. 6, 1.44.—“filled with doing”] i.e., works, deeds, as in Matt. xvi. 27.

Κεφ. γʹ. — CHAP. III.

P. 6, 1.60.—“nor a purifier”] Referring to some kind of superstitious lustration, perhaps by fire, as in Lev. xviii.21; Deut. xviii.10.

Κεφ. δʹ. — CHAP. IV.

P. 10, 1.87.—“for taking stretches out the hands, but for giving draws them in”] Graphic description of taking and giving.

P. 10, 1.88.—“by thy hands thou shalt give a ransom for they sins”] Beneficence is better than sacrifice. See Prov. xvii.6, “By mercy and truth iniquity is purged.”

P. 10, 1.98—“thy slave”] As in the New Testament, so here, the relation of master and slave is not denounced, but regulated.

–32–

Κεφ. εʹ. — CHAP. V.

This catalogue of evil things pertaining to the “way of death,” reflects only too faithfully the dreadful corruption of the ancient civilization.

Κεφ. ϛ΄. — CHAP. VI.

P. 14, 1.136—“And concerning food, what thou art able, bear”] Nothing is unclean of itself, as Paul says in Rom xiv.14. And again in 1 Tim. iv.4, “For every creature of God is good, and nothing is to be rejected, if it be received with thanksgiving.”

Κεφ. ζ΄. — CHAP. VII.

P. 14, 1.139—“Now, concerning baptism . . .  in running water”] ἐν ὕδατι ζῶντι, literally “in living water,” water in motion, either as in a fountain, or as a stream. A picture in the Catacomb of St. Callixtus, dating from about the year 200 A.D., represents a youth standing ankle-deep in water, and receiving baptism by the pouring of water upon his head. [See Northcote and Brownlow’s “Roma Sotteranea,” Part II., Plate XV.] The passage before us apparently recommends just this mode of performing the rite. If this should be impracticable, then fresh cold water might be similarly used [in a font]. If cold water could not be had, warm water would answer. If neither cold nor warm water is sufficient quantity (ankle-deep) could be had, then pouring only (the feet resting on the floor or ground) would suffice. This last is now the Syrian mode of baptism, and probably always has been. This fact, ascertained by the Crusaders (in the third Crusade, 1189-92), and made known through them in Europe, would help to account for Aquinas’s definition of baptism, so different from that of Peter Lombard about a century before. Lombard’s definition requires immersion; Aquinas’s definition permits either immersion, pouring, or sprinkling. The Seventh Book of the Apostolic Constitutions, at this point (Section xxii.), says nothing about the mode, but prescribes anointing with oil, both before and after baptism. Fasting is enjoined in both documents.

–33–

Κεφ. η΄. — CHAP. VIII.

P. 14, 1.154—“παρασκευήν”] Cf. John xix. 14.

Wednesday and Friday are named as days of fasting, instead of Monday and Thursday, as observed by “the hypocrites.” The Lord’s Prayer ends with Doxology, as in Matthew, instead of its being omitted as in Luke.

Κεφ. θ΄. – CHAP. IX., — Κεφ. ι΄. – CHAP. X.

These two chapters contain a brief eucharistic liturgy.

Κεφ. ια΄. — CHAP. XI.

Apostles and Prophets are described as mere evangelists, or itinerant preachers, who were not expected to remain in one place more than a single day.

P. 20, 1:218—εἰ μή has been inserted in the translation before ἡμέραν. So Harnack, Theol. Lit. Zeit., Feb. 9, 1884. Ct. p. 22, I.246.

Κεφ. ιβ΄. — CHAP. XII.

P. 22, 1.244—“Ye shall have understanding right and left”] That is, a complete understanding. See 2 Cor. vi.7.

–34–

Κεφ. ιγ΄. — CHAP. XIII.

Prophets and teachers are here spoken of as resident ministers, entitled to maintenance. They were to have the first-fruits of everything. Σιτία, in Classic Greek, is the plural of σιτίον, meaning “food” in general. Here, as in the Byzantine Greek, it is a singular noun, and means “batch,” or “baking of bread.”

Κεφ. ιδ΄. — CHAP. XIV.

The Lord’s Day is the day for worship and for the Eucharist. No mention is made of the seventh day of the week.

Κεφ. ιε΄. — CHAP. XV.

P. 26, 1.277—“Now appoint for yourselves,” χειροτονήσατε οὖν ἑαυτοῖς] Χειροτονέω occurs only twice in the New Testament (Acts xiv.23; 2 Cor. viii.19), and, in both places, means simply to “appoint.” Josephus uses the word in the same sense in Ant. xiii.2, 2, where Alexander Balas, the pretended son of Antiochus Epiphanes, “appoints” Jonathan High Priest. The same meaning appears in Ant. vii 9, 3; vii. 11, 1. In ant. vi. 5, 4, however, the noun χειπροτονία is used of the coronation of Saul. In Josephus, accordingly, the prevailing sense of χειροτονέω is to “appoint.” This is the meaning of the word also in the Epistles of Ignatius (about 115 a.d.). See Philadelphians, Chap. 10; Smyrnæns, Chap. 11; Polycarp, Chap. 7.

But in the “Apostolic Canons,” I. and II., and in the “Apostolic Constitutions,” viii. 4, 5, χειροτονέω means to “ordain.” This represents the usage of the third century, as the New Testament, Josephus, and Ignatius represent the usage of the first and second centuries.

–35–

Now, it is noteworthy, that in the “Apostolic Constitutions,” vii. 31 (the section corresponding to the passage before us), the word employed is not χειροτονέω, which then meant “ordain,” but προχειρίζομαι, a new usage having obtained. In this fifteenth chapter of the “Teaching,” χειροτονέω is employed, evidently, in its original sense of “appoint.” This indicates the high antiquity of the document, antedating by decades, if not by a whole century, the “Apostolic Canons” and the “Apostolic Constitutions.”

As for the officers to be “appointed,” only Bishops and Deacons are mentioned. By Bishops must, of course, be meant Presbyters, or Elders. There is no sign of a Bishop as distinguished from a Presbyter; nor of a Ruling Elder as distinguished from a Teaching Elder; and, apparently, there was in each congregation a plurality both of Bishops (or Elders) and Deacons.

Κεφ. ιϛ΄. — CHAP. XVI.

The document concludes with a vision of the Lord coming upon the clouds of heaven, and all the saints with him. The resurrection is of the dead, νεκρῶν, though “not of all the dead.” Not a word is said of any second resurrection. If there is to be a second resurrections, it is only implied. Of course, no interval is indicated. Premillennarianism, accordingly, is not directly, perhaps not even indirectly, taught. Following the lead of the New Testament, as in Matt. xxiv. 31, and in 1 Thess. iv. 13-18, our document may, after all, only be emphasizing the resurrection of the righteous.

–36–

ERRORS IN THE CODEX CORRECTED BY BRYENNIOS.

Line

CODEX.

BRYENNIOS.

32.

δέ

δἠ

32.

ἰδρωτάτω

ἱδρωσάτω

51.

ὀργῖλος

ὀργίλος

59.

εἰδωλολατρίαν

εἰδωλολατρείαν

62.

εἰδωλολατρία

εἰδωλολατρεία

91.

ἡ

ὁ

103.

δοῦλοι [Sic! See Bryenn., p. 22. N. 19]

δοῦλοι

104.

ἡμῶν

ὑμῶν

114, 115.

εἰδωλολατρίαι

εἰδωλολατρεῖαι

115.

φαρμακίαι^1

φαρμακεῖαι

158, 159.

γεννηθήτω

γενηθήτω

188.

ὑμῶν

ἡμῶν

197.

σὺ ἡ δόξα

σοὶ ἡ δόξα

205.

ὡς ἀννὰ τῷ θεῷ

ὡσαννὰ τῷ υἱῷ

229.

ὁ ῥίζων

ὁρίζων

244.

ἕξεται

ἕξετε

258.

δὼσεις τὴν ἀπαρχήν

δώσεις

1 Used only in poetry.—Bryenn.

–37–

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Table of Contents

Teaching

The Twelve Apostles.

Recently discovered and published by Philotheos Bryennios, Metropolitan of Nicomedia. Edited with a Translation, Introduction and Notes,

Roswell D. Hitchcock

Francis Brown,

New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1884.

Introduction

ΔΙΔΑΧΗ ΤΩΝ ΔΩΔΕΚΑ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ.

USE OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES IN THE “TEACHING.”¹

Old Testament

New Testament

NOTES

THE TITLE

Κεφ. αʹ. — CHAP. I.

Κεφ. βʹ. — CHAP. II.

Κεφ. γʹ. — CHAP. III.

Κεφ. δʹ. — CHAP. IV.

Κεφ. εʹ. — CHAP. V.

Κεφ. ϛ΄. — CHAP. VI.

Κεφ. ζ΄. — CHAP. VII.

Κεφ. η΄. — CHAP. VIII.

Κεφ. θ΄. – CHAP. IX., — Κεφ. ι΄. – CHAP. X.

Κεφ. ια΄. — CHAP. XI.

Κεφ. ιβ΄. — CHAP. XII.

Κεφ. ιγ΄. — CHAP. XIII.

Κεφ. ιδ΄. — CHAP. XIV.

Κεφ. ιε΄. — CHAP. XV.

Κεφ. ιϛ΄. — CHAP. XVI.

Errors In The Codex Corrected By Bryennios.

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