Genesis and Exodus

AUTHOR OF "HISTORICAL OUTLINES OF ENGLISH ACCIDENCE;"
EDITOR OF "HAMPOLE'S PRICKS OF CONSCIENCE;" "EARLY ENGLISH ALLITERATIVE POEMS,"
ETC. ETC.;
ONE OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

PREFACE.

DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT, ETC.

The Editor of the present valuable and interesting record of our old English speech will, no doubt, both astonish and alarm his readers by informing them that he has never seen the manuscript from which the work he professes to edit has been transcribed.

But, while the truth must be told, the reader need not entertain the slightest doubt or distrust as to the accuracy and faithfulness of the present edition; for, in the first place, the text was copied by Mr F. J. Furnivall, an experienced editor and a zealous lover of Old English lore; and, secondly, the proof sheets have been most carefully read with the manuscript by the Rev. W. W. Skeat, who has spared no pains to render the text an accurate copy of the original.^[1] I have not been satisfied with merely the general accuracy of the text, but all doubtful or difficult passages have been most carefully referred to, and compared with the manuscript, so that the more questionable a word may appear, either as regards its form or meaning, the more may the reader rest assured of its correctness, so that he may be under no apprehension that he is perplexed by any typographical error, but {vi}feel confident that he is dealing with the reading of the original copy.

The editorial portion of the present work includes the punctuation, marginal analysis, conjectural readings, a somewhat large body of annotations on the text of the poem, and a Glossarial Index, which, it is hoped, will be found to be complete, as well as useful for reference.

The Corpus manuscript^[2] is a small volume (about 8 in. × 4½ in.), bound in vellum, written on parchment in a hand of about 1300 A.D., with several final long ſ's, and consisting of eighty-one leaves. Genesis ends on fol. 49b; Exodus has the last two lines at the top of fol. 81a.

The writing is clear and regular; the letters are large, but the words are often very close together. Every initial letter has a little dab of red on it, and they are mostly capitals, except the b, the f, the ð, and sometimes other letters. Very rarely, however, B, F, and Ð are found as initial letters.

The illuminated letters are simply large vermilion letters without ornament, and are of an earlier form than the writing of the rest of the manuscript. Every line ends with a full stop (or metrical point), except, very rarely, when omitted by accident. Whenever this stop occurs in the middle of a line it has been marked thus (.) in the text.

DESCRIPTION OF THE POEM.

Our author, of whom, unfortunately, we know nothing, introduces his subject to his readers by telling them that they ought to love a rhyming story which teaches the "layman" (though he be learned in no books) how to love and serve God, and to live peaceably and amicably with his fellow {vii}Christians. His poem, or "song," as he calls it, is, he says, turned out of Latin into English speech; and as birds are joyful to see the dawning, so ought Christians to rejoice to hear the "true tale" of man's fall and subsequent redemption related in the vulgar tongue ("land's speech"), and in easy language ("small words").

So eschewing a "high style" and all profane subjects, he declares that he will undertake to sing no other song, although his present task should prove unsuccessful.^[3] Our poet next invokes the aid of the Deity for his song in the following terms:—

"Fader god of alle ðhinge,

Almigtin louerd, hegeſt kinge,

ðu giue me ſeli timinge

To thaunen ðis werdes biginninge,

ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge,

Queðer ſo hic rede or ſinge!"^[4]

Then follows the Bible narrative of Genesis and Exodus, here and there varied by the introduction of a few of those sacred legends so common in the mediæval ages, but in the use of which, however, our author is far less bold than many subsequent writers, who, seeking to make their works attractive to the "lewed," did not scruple to mix up with the sacred history the most absurd and childish stories, which must have rendered such compilations more amusing than instructive. It seems to have been the object of the author of the present work to present to his readers, in as few words as possible, the most important facts contained in the Books of Genesis and Exodus without any elaboration or comment, and he has, therefore, omitted such facts as were not {viii}essentially necessary to the completeness of his narrative;^[5] while, on the other hand, he has included certain portions of the Books of Numbers and Deuteronomy,^[6] so as to present to his readers a complete history of the wanderings of the Israelites, and the life of Moses their leader.

In order to excite the reader's curiosity, we subjoin a few passages, with a literal translation:—

LAMECH'S BIGAMY.

DEATH OF CAIN.

HOW THE CHILD MOSES BEHAVED BEFORE PHARAOH.

HOW MOSES DEFEATED THE ETHIOPIANS.

THE PLAGUE OF FROGS.

The reader must not be disappointed if he fails to find many traces in this work of our pious author's poetic skill; he must consider that the interest attaching to so early an English version of Old Testament History, as well as the philological value of the poem, fully compensates him for the absence of great literary merit, which is hardly to be expected in a work of this kind. And, moreover, we must recollect that it is to the patriotism, as well as piety, of such men as our author, that we owe the preservation of our noble language. The number of religious treatises written in English during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries proves that the dialect of religion approached more closely to the speech of the people than did the language of history or romance. And it is a curious fact that the most valuable monuments of our language are mostly theological, composed for the lewed and unlearned, who knew no other language than the one spoken by their forefathers, and who clung most tenaciously to their mother tongue, notwithstanding the changes consequent upon the Norman invasion, and the oppression of Norman rule, which, inasmuch as it fostered and kept up a patriotic spirit, exercised a most important and beneficial influence upon Early English literary culture and civilization.

DATE AND DIALECT OF THE POEM.

The mere examination of an Early English work with respect to its vocabulary and grammatical forms, will not enable us (as Price asserts) to settle satisfactorily the date at which it was written. The place of composition must also be taken into consideration, and a comparison, if possible, must be made with other works in the same dialect, the date of which is known with some degree of certainty. The date of the text before us must not, therefore, be confounded with that of the manuscript, which is, perhaps, a few years earlier {xiv}than A.D. 1300. A careful comparison of the poem with the Bestiary, written in the same dialect, and most probably by the same author^[9] (and printed by Mr Wright in the Reliquiæ Antiquæ, p. 208, and by myself in an Old English Miscellany), leads me to think that the present poem is not later than A.D. 1250.^[10]

The vocabulary, which contains very few words of Romance origin,^[11] is not that of Robert of Gloucester, or of Robert of Brunne, but such as is found in Laȝamon's Brut, or Orm's paraphrases, and other works illustrating the second period of our language, i.e. the twelfth and earlier part of the thirteenth centuries.

The employment of a dual for the pronouns of the first and second persons marks an early date (certainly not much later than the time of Henry III.) even in works composed in the Southern dialect, which, it is well known, retained to a comparatively late period those Anglo-Saxon inflections that had long previously been disused in more Northern dialects.

The Corpus manuscript is evidently the work of a scribe, to whom the language was more or less archaic, which accounts for such blunders as ðrosing for ðrosem, waspene for wastme, lage for vn-lage, insile for vn-sile, grauen for ðrauen, etc.

"And here ended completely

The book which is called Genesis,

Which Moses, through God's help,

Wrote for precious souls' need."

The concluding lines, in which both the author and scribe are mentioned, seem to me to be the work of a subsequent transcriber:

"God shield his soul from hell-bale,

Who made it thus in English tale (speech)!

And he that these letters wrote,

May God help him blissfully,

And preserve his soul from sorrow and tears,

Of hell-pain, cold and hot!"

The Ormulum is the earliest^[12] printed Early English work which has come down to us that exhibits the uniform employment of the termination -en (-n) as the inflection of the plural number, present tense, indicative mood; or, in other words, it is the earliest printed example we have of a Midland dialect. I say a Midland dialect, because the work of Orm is, after all, only a specimen of one variety of the Midland speech, most probably of that spoken in the northern part of the eastern counties of England, including what is commonly called the district of East Anglia.

Next in antiquity to the Ormulum come the Bestiary, already mentioned, and the present poem, both of which uniformly employ the Midland affix -en, to the exclusion of all others, as the inflection of the present plural indicative.

There are other peculiarities which these works have in common; and a careful comparison of them with the Ormulum induces me to assign them to the East Midland area; but there are certain peculiarities, to be noticed hereafter, which induce me to believe that the work of Orm represents {xvi}a dialect spoken in the northern part of this district, while the Story of Genesis and Exodus, together with the Bestiary, exhibits the speech of the more southern counties of the East Midland district.^[13] Thus, if the former be in the dialect of Lincoln, the latter is in that of Suffolk.^[14]

The chief points in which the present poem and the Bestiary agree with the Ormulum are the following:—

In the Southern dialects we find the compound vowels ue, eo, ie, ea (yea). In the Ormulum eo occurs, but with the sound of e, and ea in Genesis and Exodus is written for e.

II. The change of an initial ð (th) into t after words ending in d, t, n, s, that is to say, after a dental or a sibilant.^[15]

"ðanne iſ tis fruit wel ſwiðe good."—(Gen. and Ex., l. 334.)

"ðe firſt moned and te firſt dai,

He ſag erðe drie & te water awai."—(Ibid., l. 615-6.)

"ðin berg and tin werger ic ham."—(Ibid., l. 926.)

"at te welle[n]."—(Ibid., l. 2756.)

This practice is much more frequent in the Bestiary, which is a proof, perhaps, that the present poem has suffered somewhat in the course of transcription.

"neddre is te name."—(O.E. Miscellany, p. 5.)

"it is te ned."—(Ibid., p. 6.)

"ðis lif bitokneð ðe sti

ðat te neddre gangeð bi,

and tis is ðe ðirl of ðe ston,

ðat tu salt ðurg gon."—(Ibid., p. 7.)

"at tin herte."—(Ibid., p. 7.)

5. The use of ðat (that) as a demonstrative adjective, and not as the neuter of the article. The form ðas (those), common enough in the fourteenth century, does not occur in this poem or in the Ormulum.

6. No inflection of the adjective in the accusative singular. The phrase 'godun dai,' good day, in l. 1430, p. 41, contains a solitary instance of the accusative of the adjective, but it is, no doubt, a mere remnant of the older speech, just like our 'for the nonce' (= for then once), and is no proof that the writer or his readers employed it as a common inflection. The form godun is a corruption of godne, as it is more properly written in works in the Southern dialects as late as the middle of the fourteenth century.

The Southern form is, for adjectives, -lich (sing.), -liche {xviii}(pl.); for adverbs -liche. Thus the adoption of this affix really (though at first it appears a matter of no importance) marks a stage in the language when the distinction between the sing. and pl. form of adjectives was not very strictly observed, and was, moreover, a step towards our modern -ly, which is adjectival as well as adverbial.

Even in this poem adjectives occur in -li, as reuli = piteous, which is the earliest example I have met with. Orm employs double forms in -like and -liȝȝ (= ly?). -ly has arisen not out of -lich or -liche (which would have become lidge or litch), but out of some such softened form as liȝ.

8. The tendency to drop the initial y, i (A.S. ge) of the passive participles of strong verbs.

The Ormulum has two or three examples of this prefixal element, and in our poem it occurs but seldom.

IV. A tendency to drop the t of the second person of verbs, as as, hast; beas, beëst; findes, findest.

Examples of this practice are very common in the Bestiary and Genesis and Exodus, but it occurs only four times in the Ormulum.^[19] It was very common for the West-Midland to drop the -e of 2nd person in strong verbs. See Preface to O.E. Homilies, 1st Series.

V. The use of arn, aren, for ben of the Midland dialect, or beð of the Southern dialect.^[20]

VI. The employment of the adverbs thethen, hethen, quethen (of Scandinavian origin),^[21] instead of the Southern thenne (thennen), thence; henne (hennen), hence; whanne (whanene), whence.

VII. The use of oc, ok (also, and), a form which does not occur in any specimen of a Southern, West-Midland, or Northern dialect that has come under my notice. The use of {xix}on, o, for the Southern an or a, as onlike, olike, alike, on-rum, apart, on-sunder, asunder, is also worth noticing.

VIII. The coalition of the pronoun it with pronouns and verbs, as get (Bestiary) = she it (ȝhöt in Ormulum; cf. þüt = thu itt, thou it); tellet = tell it; wuldet = would it; ist = is it, is there; wast, was it, was there, etc. þit = þe + hit = who it, occurs in O.E. Homilies, 2nd Series.

The Ormulum, the Bestiary, and Genesis and Exodus have some few other points of agreement which will be found noticed in the Grammatical Details and Glossary. There are, however, grammatical forms in the latter works which do not present themselves in the former, and which, in my opinion, seem to indicate a more Southern origin. (See Preface to O.E. Homilies, 2nd Series.)

I do not recollect any examples of plurals in n in the Ormulum, except ehne, eyes; in this poem we have colen, coals; deden, deeds; fon, foes; siðen, sides; son, shoes; steden, places; sunen, sons; tren, trees; teten, teats; wunen, laws, abilities, etc. (see p. xxii.)

II. The pronoun is (es) = them.^[22] In the fourteenth century we only find this form is (hise) in pure Southern writers.^[23]

"Diep he iſ dalf under an ooc."^[24]—(Gen. and Ex., l. 1873, p. 54.)

"For ſalamon findin iſ ſal."^[25]—(Ibid., l. 1877, p. 54.)

"He toc iſ."^[26]—(Ibid., l. 2654, p. 76.)

Our author, however, employs this curious pronoun in a way quite peculiar to himself, for he constantly joins it to a pronoun or a verb,^[28] and the compound was at first rather perplexing. Hes = he + is, he, them; wes = we + is, we, them;^[29] caldes, called them; dedis, did (placed) them; settes, set them; wroutis, wrought them, etc.

"Alle hes hadde wið migte bi-geten."^[30]—(Gen. and Ex., l. 911, p. 26.)

"Vndelt heſ leide quor-so heſ tok."^[31]—(Ibid., l. 943, p. 27.)

"Ðe culuer haueð costes gode,

alle wes ogen to hauen in mode."^[32]—(O.E. Miscell., p. 25.)

"Bala two childre bar bi him,

Rachel caldes dan(.) neptalim;

And zelfa two sunes him ber,

Lia calde is(.) Gad(.) and asser."^[33]—(Gen. and Ex., l. 1700, p. 49.)

"ðe tabernacle he dedis in."^[34]—(Ibid., l. 3830, p. 109.)

"He settes in ðe firmament."^[35]—(Ibid., l. 135, p. 5.)

In the Kentish Ayenbite of 1340 he never coalesces with hise (them), e.g.:—

III. The pronoun he, they (Southern hii, heo; Northumbrian thay). Orm uses þeȝȝ, as well as þeȝȝer (their), þeȝȝm (them).^[36]

IV. hine, hin, in = him. This form occurs as late as 1340, and still exists under the form en, un, in the modern dialects of the South of England, but is not employed by Orm; nor do we find any traces of whan (whom), another very common example of the -n accusative inflection, either in the Ormulum or the present work.

V. The substitution of n for a vowel-ending in nouns. Dr Guest has noticed this peculiarity, but he confines this substitution to the nominative case of nouns of the n declension,^[37] and to the definite form of the adjective, which has, no doubt, given rise to the O.E. himseluen, etc., bothen (both), as well as, perhaps, to ouren (ours), heren (theirs), etc.

In the present poem, however, the n seems added to the vowel-ending of all cases except the possessive, in order to rhyme with a verb in the infinitive, a passive participle, or an adverb terminating in -en, and is not always limited to nouns of the -n declension, but represents in A.S. an a or e: 'on boken,'^[38] on book, l. 4; 'on soðe-sagen,' on sooth-saw, l. 14; meten, (acc.) meat, l. 2255, (nom.) 2079; sunen, (nom.) son, l. 1656; 'of luuen,' of love, 635; 'after ðe wunen' (after the custom), l. 688; steden, (nom.) place, 1114; 'for on-sagen,' for reproach, 2045; wliten, (nom.) face, 3614, (acc.) 2289; 'wið answeren,' in answer, 2673; bileuen, (acc.) remainder, 3154; uuerslagen, (acc.) lintel, 3155.

Dr Guest considers this curious nunnation to be a {xxii}Northern peculiarity, but as we do not meet with it (as far as I know) in any Northumbrian work, his statement is rather doubtful. On the other hand, it is well known that the plurals bretheren (broðeren^[39] in Shoreham), calveren^[40] (calves), children,^[41] doren (doors),^[42] eyren (eggs),^[43] honden (hands),^[44] kine,^[45] lambren (lambs),^[46] soulen (souls)—very common forms in the Southern dialects in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries—are examples of the substitution of n for, or in addition to, the vowel-ending, and were unknown in the Northern dialect.

The Southern dialect could drop or retain, at pleasure, the n final in the past participles, the preterite plurals, and infinitive mood of verbs.

The only words of undoubtedly Norse element that occur in the present poem, and were unknown to Southern English, are—fro (from), ille (bad), for-sweðen (to burn), flitten (to remove), laðe (barn), lowe (flame), mirk (dark), ransaken (to search), swaðe (flame), til (to), uglike (horrible), werre (worse).^[47]

The Ormulum, being more Northern, contains a larger number of words that must be referred to one of the Scandinavian idioms:^[48]—afell (strength), afledd (begotten), beȝȝsc (bitter), *blunnt (blunt, dull), bracc (noise), *braþ (angry), *braþþe (anger), *brodd (shoot), brodden (to sprout), broþþfall (fit), *bun (ready, bound), *clake (accusation), *croc (device), *derf (bold), *dill (sluggish), *eggenn (to urge, egg on), *egginng (urging), *ettle, *flittenn (to remove, flit), *flitting {xxiii}(change, removal), *forrgart (opposed, condemned), *forrgloppned (disturbed with fear, astonishment), *gate (way), gowesst (watchest), *haȝherr (dexterous), haȝherleȝȝc (skill), *haȝherrlike (fitly), hof (moderation), hofelæs (immoderately), *ille (bad), *immess (variously), *kinndlenn (to kindle), *lasst (crime, fault), leȝhe (hire, pay), *leȝȝtenn (O.E. layte, inquire, seek), o-loft (aloft), *loȝhe (fire), *mune (must, will), naþe (grace), nowwt (cattle, O.N. naut; the Southern form is neet, nete, A.S. neát), *ploh (plough), *radd (afraid), *ros (praise), *rosen (to boast), *rosinng (boast), rowwst (voice), *scaldess (poets, O.E. scald, a great talker, boaster, E. scold), *sit (pain), *sket (quickly), *skirpeþþ (rejecteth), *sloþ (track, path), smikerr (beautiful, Eng. smug), sowwþess (sheep), stoffnedd (generated, O.E. stoven, trunk, stem), *summ (as), *till (to), *tór (hard, difficult), *trigg (true), uppbrixle (object of reproach, O.E. brixle, reproach), usell (wretched), *wand (rod), *wandraþ, O.E. wandreth (trouble), *werre (worse).

As most, if not all, of the words in the foregoing list are not found in works written in the Southern dialect,—so far as we at present know them—we may reasonably suppose that they indicate fairly the Danish element in the English literature of the 12th and 13th centuries. In the Northumbrian, and the West, and East-Midland productions of a century later this element prevails to a much larger extent, and Herbert Coleridge's list of such words may be largely increased (Phil. Soc. Trans., 1859, p. 26-30).

GRAMMATICAL DETAILS.

1. Number.—The plural is generally formed by adding -es to the singular. Some few nouns make the plural in -en, as feren^[49] (companions), fon (foes), goren (spears), loten (features), {xxiv}sunen (sons), teten (teats), tren (trees), weden (garments), wunen (laws). The plurals of brother and child are brethere and childere. Der (deer), erf, orf (cattle), got (goat), neat (oxen), sep (sheep), scrud (garbs), wrim (reptiles), of the neuter gender, are uninflected in the plural. Winter, ger (year), and nigt (night), are plural as in Anglo-Saxon.

2. Gender.—As a general rule the names of inanimate things are of the neuter gender. The names of towns, however, are considered as masculine.

3. Case.—The genitive singular and plural of masculine and feminine nouns end in -es. Occasionally proper nouns form the genitive in -is. The means or instrument occasionally stands in the genitive without the preposition: 'deades driuen,' influenced by death; 'swerdes slagen,' slain of the sword; 'teres wet,' wet with tears. Cf. 'floures bred,' bread made with flour; 'bredes mel,' meal consisting of bread; 'wines drinc,' drink consisting of wine.

Corresponding to the modern word kinsmen we have such forms as 'daiges-ligt' (daylight), 'hines-folk' (servants), 'wifeskin' (women). The genitive is used adverbially, as newes, anew; liues, alive.

We have a few traces of the genitive in -e in the following examples: 'helle nigt,' l. 89 (hell's night); 'helle bale,' l. 2525 (hell's bale); 'sterre name,' l. 134 (star's name); 'safte same,' l. 349 (shame of form); 'werlde nigt,' l. 1318 (world's night).^[50]

The genitive of fader and moder is, as is very seldom the case in Early English writers, fadres and modres.

An n is often added to the final -e (representing an A.Sax. {xxv}vowel-ending) in the nom., dat., and acc. of nouns. For examples, see p. xxi.

1. Adjectives have a definite and an indefinite form; the former is used when the adjective is preceded by the definite article, a demonstrative adjective, or possessive pronoun.

But the -e (pl.) is seldom added to the past participle of irregular verbs. This forms the plurals thes (oblique cases these), this (thise). Tho is the plural of that.

Cases.—One makes the genitive ones; as, 'ones bles,' of one colour. The gen. pl. -re occurs in ald-re (= alre), of all; as, 'hure aldre bale,' the bale of us all; 'here aldre heuedes,' the heads of them all.

Degrees of comparison.—The comparative ends in -ere (-er), the superlative in -este (est).^[51] Very few irregular forms occur in the present poem.

Numerals.—The Northumbrian forms in -nde have superseded the Southern ones in -the; as, seuende (seventh), egtende (eighth), tende (tenth).^[52]

1. The first personal pronoun Ic is never found softened into Ich as in Laȝamon's Brut, the Ancren Riwle, and other Southern works. I is found only once or twice throughout the poem.

2. The first and second personal pronouns have a dual as well as a plural number; as, wit, we two; unc, us two; gunc, you two; gunker, of you two.

3. Hine (hin, in) (acc.) occasionally occurs, but more frequently him (dat.) does duty for it.

4. Ge, ghe,^[53] she, represents the A.Sax. héo (O.E. heo, ho, and hi). The curious form sge (= sye), as well as sche, occurs for she, the earliest instance of which is scæ in the A.Sax. Chronicle.

5. The neuter pronoun is written it and not hit, and is frequently used as a plural. It coalesces with the pronoun ge, ghe^[54] (she), and with the preterite of verbs terminating in -de or -te,^[55] and with some few irregular verbs; as, sagt (saw there), p. 37, l. 1301. The curious form negt (in l. 3964, p. 112) = neg + it = nigh it.

6. The A.Sax. hi (they) is represented by he = hie.^[56] He is common enough in the Romance of Havelok the Dane.^[57]

The pronouns, as has already been shown, coalesce with the plural (acc.) is (them), and give us the compounds hes, he + them; wes, we + them;^[58] mes = me + hes = one + them.^[59]

Not satisfied with joining he (they) to the pronoun is, the author of this poem occasionally employs the more perplexing combination hem = he + hem, he, them.

bred kalueſ fleiſ, and flures bred,

Roasted calves' flesh, and flour-bread,

And buttere, hem ðo sondes bed,

And butter, he them the messengers offered.—(l. 1014.)

In ſichem feld ne fonde hem nogt,

In Shechem field found he them not.—(l. 1933.)

Ðo ſette ſundri hem to waken,

Then set sundry he them to watch.—(l. 2551.)

ðo ſeide ðuſ quanne hem cam dun,

Then said thus when he to them came down.—(l. 4022.)

And hem ſeiden wið anſweren,^[60]

And they to them said in answer.

The Southern me, one (Fr. on), is absent from this poem as well as from the Ormulum; its place is supplied by man and men^[61] used with a verb in the singular number. ðe is frequently used as a relative pronoun as well as ðat, but uninflected; quo (who), quat (what), are interrogative; whether signifies which of two.

The third personal pronoun is occasionally used reflexively; as him = himself. Self is used adjectively in the sense of own, very, and the form selven (from the A.Sax. sylfa) is joined to the personal pronouns; as ðeselven, himselven, etc.

The independent possessives are min, ðin, his (hise), hire (hers), ure (ours), gure (yours), here (theirs).^[62]

Infinitive Mood.—The infinitive terminates in -en, which is seldom dropped.

There are no infinitives in -y or -ie, as in Southern English writers, nor do we find them in the Ormulum, or in Robert of Brunne's "Handlyng Synne," and they were, most probably, wholly unknown to the East Midland district.

The t in the 2nd pers. sing. pres. is occasionally dropped, as beas (= best), art, betes, beatest, findes, findest, etc.; but not in the preterite of regular verbs.

The final e of the first and third persons (sing.) of the preterite tense is often dropped before a vowel or an h,^[63] and, in a few cases, through the carelessness of the scribe,^[64] it is unwritten before a consonant, where we should expect to, and do, find it in the majority of instances.

Some few strong verbs have become weak, as grapte (grasped, felt), gette (poured), smette (smote).

Imperative Mood.—Verbs forming the past tense in de or te take no inflexion in the 2nd pers. sing. imperative.

Participles.—1. The active or imperfect participle ends in -ende or -ande, the former being the Midland and the latter the Northumbrian form. The Southern affix is -inde, from which we have the modern -ing (O.E. -inge).

Our author rhymes specande with lockende, and in the Bestiary we find that the participle in -ande rhymes with an infinitive in -en,^[65] and this accounts for such forms as stinken = stinkende, brennen = brennende, in the present poem.

2. The passive or perfect participle of regular or weak verbs terminates in -ed; of irregular or strong verbs in -en. In bigote (begotten), funde (found), geue (given), the absence of the n is probably an error of the scribe.

3. The prefix i- or y- (A.S. ge-) is not of frequent {xxx}occurrence either in this poem or in the Bestiary; in the former we have i-wreken (avenged), i-wrogt (wrought), ybiried (buried), y-oten (called); and in the latter we find i-digt (arranged).

There are two conjugations of verbs, regular (weak) and irregular (strong). The regular verbs form their past tense in -ede, -de, or -te; the past participle ends in -ed, -d, or -t. Irregular verbs form their past tense by a change of vowel, and the past participle terminates in -en.

Mogen (may), 3 pers. sing. mai, pl. mogen, mowen, pret. migte (2 pers. pret. migt).

Sal (shall), 2 pers. sing. salt, pl. sulen, pret. sulde, pret. pl. sulden.

The adverbs hence, thence, whence, do not occur, being superseded by the Norse forms heðen, ðeðen, queðen.

Adverbial Terminations.—Adverbs are formed from adjectives by the addition of e; as long (adj.), longe (adv.).

-en in abouten, aboven, binnen, biforen (foren), bisiden, uten, wiðouten.

Fro (Northumbrian fra) takes the place of the Southern fram (from), and til (unknown to Southern writers) occurs frequently for to.

THE METRE OF THE POEM.

The essence of the system of versification which the poet has adopted is, briefly, that every line shall have four accented syllables in it; the unaccented syllables being left in some measure, as it were, to take care of themselves.

The words which Coleridge prefixed to his poem of "Christabel" are by no means inapplicable here. He says, "I have only to add, that the metre of the 'Christabel' is not, properly speaking, irregular, though it may seem to be so from its being founded on a new (?) principle: namely, that of counting in each line the accents, not the syllables. Though the latter may vary from seven to twelve, yet in each line the accents will be found to be only four."

The normal form of the line of the present poem is that simple one of eight syllables, consisting of four (so-called) iambics, which is so common in English poetry. But it should be remembered that this line is at all times convertible with one of seven syllables, generally described as consisting of three trochees and a long syllable. This is easily exemplified by taking the first two lines of the Conclusion to the Second Part of Coleridge's "Christabel."

This is adopting the common form of scansion given in English prosodies, which is far from being a very correct method; since to make trochaic and iambic metres convertible is to introduce all sorts of confusion.

The fact is, that the seven-syllable line, though trochaic to the ear, is really an iambic line, of which the first syllable is deficient, i.e., supplied by a pause; and the truer scansion is,

A lit | tle child | a lim | ber elf ||

— Sing | ing danc | ing to | itself ||

At any rate, to adopt this latter method (of beginning to mark off the feet from the end, instead of from the beginning of the line) will be found to be far more convenient in practice; since the accented {xl}syllables, instead of drifting about, will thus always be placed at the end of a foot. We should thus, for instance, introduce the same marking off of syllables in the line,

Ánd | ðe séx | te dá | is ligt || l. 167,

ðo cám | ðe fíf | te dá | is ligt || l. 158.

Examples of couplets containing a line of each kind are not uncommon; thus, ll. 29, 30:—

Fá | der gód | of ál | le ðhínge ||

Almíg | tin lóu | erd hég | est kínge ||

And gét | ne kú | ðe hé | nogt blínne ||

Fór | to dón | an óð | er ſínne ||

The introduction of these seven-syllable lines, far from being a defect, is a natural and agreeable variation, adopted by all our best poets.

The next chief variation to be noted is that two very rapid syllables are often (as in other English metres) substituted for an unaccented one, as in l. 88:—

Ór | ðe nígt | and áf | ter ðe dáy ||

Ór | ðe nígt | and áf | tie

On an óð | er daí | ðis míd | del érd ||

tie

To sché | ten áf | ter ðe wíl | de dér ||

To sché | ten áf | tie

"That shá | dowy in | the moon | light shone ||"

That shá | tie

The syllables thus most frequently slurred over—the term elided is but weak and improper, explaining nothing—are the final syllables -en, -er, -et, etc., as in ll. 96 and 116:—

Ál | abú | ten ðis wálk | ne sént ||

Ál | abú | tie

Was wá | ter and érðe | o ſún | der ſád ||

Was wá | tie

Some lines—and these sound rather harshly—require a little forcing to make them conform to the strict type; as, e.g., l. 66, which, to make it agree with the rest, must be written,

Ín | to ðis ðhíſ | terneſſe hér | bi-néðen ||

Ín | tie ðhís | tie

A poet's business is, in fact, to take care that the syllables which are to be rapidly pronounced are such as easily can be so; and that the syllables which are to be heavily accented are naturally those that ought to be. If he gives attention to this it does not much matter whether each foot has two or three syllables in it.

Come in | to the gar | den, Maud ||

For the black | bat, night, | has flown ||

And the wood | bine spi | ces are waf | ted abroad ||

And the musk | of the rose | is blown ||

fró | ðat tíme | we tél | len áy ||

ðo gán | hem dá | gen wél | iwíſſe ||

(3) That (especially after an r) it is often so pronounced as to be incorporated with the syllable preceding it, so that the whole word, supposing it a dissyllable in appearance, becomes monosyllabic in pronunciation; as in l. 514—

Matú | ſalé | was bóren | iſ ſúne ||

Wóren | ſtalwúr | ði bóren | bi tále ||

Wó | ren ðáne | don ſóne | a-nón || l. 3591;

In geu | eléngðh | e wórn | it mád || l. 147.

Thus, the n must have been very slightly touched, as is shewn also by the riming of e and en. Examples, ll. 11, 12; 363, 364, etc.

As to the final -e, it may be observed that it is most frequently pronounced just when it is most essential, viz., when it marks a grammatical inflexion, or an adverbial form, as, e.g.:—

Til ihé | sus béð | on Ró | dè dón || l. 386;

Wél | he ſeí | den and ſwí | ðè wél || l. 1645.

In the second place, it is very liable to be slurred over before a vowel following, as in l. 148—

In Ré | ke-fíl | le on ſún | der ſhád ||

In Ré | ke-fíl | tie

and, thirdly, it is frequently added to words without cause, and is therefore mute, as in l. 60—

ðat éu | ere ſpróng | in wérld | wíd ||

It seems to be sometimes mute after -ed, when -ede forms part of a verb. See ll. 1396, 1433, etc.

Attention to the metre may detect errors in the text. Thus, in l. 75, the word dais is missing:—

forð glód | ðat fír | me [dá | is] lígt ||

In l. 1846 the definite form of the adjective is required, and strong should be stronge—

ðe stróng | e gód | of ýs | raél ||

It has been noted that the first foot of a line sometimes consists of one syllable only, and that one accented. By a bolder license, this is sometimes the case not only with the first foot, but with other feet, e.g. with the third foot. Line 2572:—

Quan é | bru chíld | ſúld | be bóren ||

And ſtíred | it ál | to dúſt | ſir ||

Very many other curious variations occur, which the reader will probably observe for himself with some interest. Thus, in l. 60, just above cited, the question arises whether or not the r in werld was pronounced with so strong a burr as to render the word dissyllabic, as is often the case in Scotch poetry with words containing rl, rn, etc.

CONTRACTIONS USED IN THE GLOSSARY.

A.S. Anglo-Saxon.

Da. Danish.

Du. Dutch.

Allit. Poems, Early English Alliterative Poems (Ed. Morris).

O.E. Old English.

Prov. E. Provincial English.

Fr. French.

Fris. Frisian.

Ger. German.

Goth. Gothic.

M.H.Ger. Middle High German.

O.H.Ger. Old High German.

Laȝ. Laȝamon's Brut (Ed. Sir F. Madden).

Met. Hom. Metrical Homilies (Ed. Small).

O.N. Old Norse.

Orm. Ormulum.

P. of C. Hampole's Pricke of Conscience (Ed. Morris).

Prompt. Parv. Promptorium Parvulorum (Ed. Way).

S.Sax. Semi-Saxon.

Sw. Swedish.

THE STORY OF GENESIS AND EXODUS, ETC.

GOD MADE HEAVEN AND EARTH BY HIS WORD.

THE DEVIL'S FALL FROM HEAVEN. THE FIRST LIGHT DAWNS.

THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH ARE PARTED.

THE STARS ARE SET, AND FOWL AND FISH ARE MADE.

CATTLE ARE MADE FOR MAN'S SERVICE. ADAM IS CREATED.

OF PARADISE AND THE CREATION OF EVE.

THE SEVENTH DAY IS MADE A DAY OF REST.

LUCIFER IS CAST INTO HELL, AND THERE PLOTS MAN'S FALL.

EVE AND ADAM EAT THE FORBIDDEN FRUIT.

GOD'S CURSE ON ADAM AND EVE, AND THE ADDER.

EVE BEGETS CAIN AND ABEL, AND OTHER CHILDREN.

CAIN BUILDS ENO. LAMECH BEGINS BIGAMY.

LAMECH KILLS CAIN AND HIS OWN SERVANT.

OF SETH, ENOCH, METHUSELAH, AND NOAH.

OF THE WORLD'S CORRUPTION AND NOAH'S FLOOD.

THE BUILDING OF THE ARK. THE FLOOD.

THE ARK STOOD IN ARMENIA.

THE RAINBOW APPEARS IN THE WELKIN.

CONFUSION OF TONGUES. ORIGIN OF IDOLATRY.

ABRAM LEAVES MESOPOTAMIA.

ABRAM REACHES CANAAN. HE GOES TO EGYPT.

PHARAOH TAKES AWAY SARAI, AND IS PUNISHED BY A PLAGUE.

ABRAM DWELLS AT MAMRE. LOT IN SODOM.

THE BATTLE OF FOUR KINGS AGAINST FIVE.

ABRAM RESCUES LOT. MELCHIZEDEK BLESSES HIM.

ABRAM COMPLAINS FOR WANT OF AN HEIR.

SARAI BEING BARREN GIVES HAGAR TO ABRAM.

ISHMAEL IS BORN. CIRCUMCISION IS INSTITUTED.

ABRAHAM IS PROMISED A SON.

LOT ENTERTAINS TWO ANGELS.

THE DESTRUCTION OF SODOM AND GOMORRAH.

THE BIRTHS OF AMMON AND MOAB.

ABRAHAM DWELLS IN GERAR.

THE BANISHMENT OF HAGAR AND ISHMAEL.

ABIMELECH COVENANTS WITH ABRAHAM,

AND GIVES HIM THE WELL OF BEERSHEBA.

THE OFFERING OF ISAAC.

ELIEZER IS SENT TO MESOPOTAMIA.

ELIEZER MEETS WITH REBEKAH.

ISAAC TAKES REBEKAH TO WIFE.

THE BIRTH OF ESAU AND JACOB.

THE PRIVILEGES OF THE FIRST BORN.

JACOB DEFRAUDS ESAU OF THE BLESSING.

ESAU THREATENS TO KILL JACOB.

JACOB IS SENT TO PADAN-ARAM.

FROM LUZ HE JOURNEYS TO HARAN.

JACOB COVENANTS FOR RACHEL.

JACOB MARRIES RACHEL.

JACOB LEAVES LABAN SECRETLY.

THE COVENANT BETWEEN JACOB AND LABAN.

THE MEETING OF ESAU AND JACOB.

JACOB DWELLS AT SUCCOTH. DINAH'S FOLLY.

BENJAMIN IS BORN. RACHEL DIES.

JOSEPH IS HATED BY HIS BRETHREN.

JOSEPH IS SOLD TO CHAPMEN,

WHO SELL HIM TO POTIPHAR, AN EGYPTIAN.

JOSEPH IS CAST INTO PRISON.

HE INTERPRETS THE PRISONERS' DREAMS.

KING PHARAOH DREAMS A DREAM,

WHICH IS INTERPRETED BY JOSEPH.

THE FAMINE IN EGYPT AND CANAAN.

JOSEPH'S HARSHNESS TO HIS BRETHREN.

BENJAMIN IS TAKEN TO EGYPT.

JOSEPH'S INTERVIEW WITH HIS BRETHREN.

THE BRETHREN ARE ACCUSED OF THEFT.

JOSEPH MAKES HIMSELF KNOWN TO HIS BRETHREN.

JACOB AND HIS FAMILY GO INTO EGYPT.

THEY DWELL IN THE LAND OF GOSHEN.

THE DEATH OF JACOB.

HE IS BURIED IN HEBRON.

THE DEATH OF JOSEPH.

THE OPPRESSION OF THE ISRAELITES.

THE BIRTH AND PRESERVATION OF MOSES.

TEREMUTH ADOPTS HIM AS HER SON.

THE ETHIOPIANS INVADE EGYPT,

AND ARE DEFEATED BY MOSES.

MOSES SLAYS AN EGYPTIAN,

AND FLEES INTO MIDIAN.

GOD APPEARS TO MOSES AT SINAI.

MOSES AND AARON ARE SENT TO EGYPT.

GREATER LABOURS ARE LAID UPON THE ISRAELITES.

MOSES AND AARON PERFORM MIRACLES BEFORE PHARAOH.

THE WATERS ARE TURNED INTO BLOOD.

THE PLAGUES OF FROGS AND GNATS.

PLAGUES OF FLIES, BOILS, AND BLAINS,

HAIL-STORM, AND GRASSHOPPERS.

PLAGUES OF LOCUSTS AND DARKNESS.

THE INSTITUTION OF THE PASSOVER.

THE DESTRUCTION OF THE FIRST-BORN.

THE ISRAELITES LEAVE EGYPT.

THE ISRAELITES CROSS THE RED SEA.

THE EGYPTIAN HOSTS ARE DROWNED.

THE SOJOURN AT SHUR, ELIM, AND SIN.

THE MIRACULOUS FALL OF MANNA.

THE ISRAELITES OVERCOME THE AMALEKITES.

JETHRO VISITS MOSES.

THE PEOPLE COME TO SINAI.

MOSES RECEIVES THE TEN COMMANDMENTS.

THE PEOPLE ARE AFRAID.

THEY WORSHIP A GOLDEN CALF.

THE IDOLATERS ARE SLAIN.

THE TABLES ARE RENEWED.

THE BURNING AT TABERAH.

MIRIAM IS SMITTEN WITH LEPROSY.

THE REPORT OF THE SPIES.

THE REBELLION OF KORAH AND ABIRAM.

A PLAGUE SLAYS FOURTEEN THOUSAND PEOPLE.

THE PRIESTHOOD OF AARON CONFIRMED.

THE DEATH OF AARON AT HOR.

SIHON AND OG ARE OVERCOME.

BALAAM SETS OUT TO CURSE ISRAEL.

BALAAM'S ASS SPEAKS.

BALAAM BLESSES ISRAEL.

BALAAM'S ADVICE TO BALAK.

WHOREDOM AND IDOLATRY PUNISHED.

MOSES DIES IN MOAB.

MAY GOD SHIELD US FROM HELL'S NIGHT!

NOTES.

Man og to luuen ðat rimes ren,

ðe Wisseð wel ðe logede men.

"Nalde ha nane runes

Ne nane luue runes

leornen ne lustnen."—(St. Kath. 108.)

logede = lay. It is not necessarily unlearned, ignorant, etc., for O.E. writers frequently use the term in contradistinction to clergy. See Ayenbite, p. 197. "Vor all manere of volk studieþ in avarice, and (both) great and smale, kinges, prelates, clerkes, an lewede and religious."—(Ayenbite, p. 34.)

"And bathe klerk and laued man

Englis understand kan,

That was born in Ingeland."—(Met. Hom. p. 4.)

3 loken, to take care of oneself, to direct one's course of life, keep from sin. See Ayenbite of Inwyt, pp. 1, 197, 199, 201.

"Ac alneway hit is nyed to leawede men

that hi ham loki vram þise zenne (avarice)."—Ayenbite, p. 31.

10 ðund is evidently an error for gund = yond, yonder, over. Cp. gu for ðu, ll. 365, 366.

"& þeond þat lond he heom to-draf (B. & ouer al þat lond he drof heom)."—(Laȝ. i. 68.)

12 earuermor = eauermor = evermore. 14 soðe-sagen = soðe-sage = sooth-saw = sooth-saying, true saying.

Cristene men ogen ben so fagen,

so fueles arn quan he it sen dagen.

Christian men ought to be as fain (glad)

As fowls (birds) are when they see it dawn.

17 telled = telleð = telleth. 20 devil-dwale = devil-deceiver, devil-heretic = arch-deceiver, arch-heretic. See l. 67. Cf. maȝȝstredwale = master heretic = arch-heretic, in the following passage:—

"Off all þis laþe læredd follc

Þat we nu mælenn ummbe

Wass maȝȝstredwale, an defless þeww,

Þat Arrius was nemmnedd."

Of all this loathsome learned folk

That we now talk about

Was an arch-heretic, a devil's serf

That Arius was named.

—(Orm. i. p. 258, l. 7454.)

til god srid him in manliched,

till god shrouded (clothed) himself in manhood.

srid = sridde.

24 bote and red, salvation and counsel. 25 And unspered al ðe fendes sped = undid all the fiend's successful work (luck). 26 halp = Old and Middle Eng. holp = helped, assisted.

ðu giue me seli timinge,

To thaunen ðis wer[l]des biginninge,

ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge,

Queðer so hic rede or singe!

Give Thou me a propitious opportunity

To show (declare) this world's beginning,

Thee, Lord God, for honour,

Whether-so-ever I read or sing!

"Ful wel he [Crist] taunede his luue to man,

Wan he ðurg holi spel him wan."

—Bestiary (O.E. Miscell. p. 24, l. 767.)

The word is very uncommon in O.E. writers. Cp. O.Du. tônen, to show. See ll. 1022, 2034. wurðinge = for worship, honour. wurðinge is a noun, not a participle or gerund. See l. 133. 38 Ear ðanne = ere that.

ðo bad god wurðen stund and stede,

When God bad exist time and space.

43 ðrosing seems to be an error for ðrosim or ðrosem = fog, mist, chaos. Cf. waspene in l. 1440, p. 41, where the correct form is wasteme. aðrusemen, to suffocate, occurs in Ancren Riwle, p. 40.

wíte þoliað

hátne heaðo-welm

helle to-middes

brand & bráde lígas

swilce eác þa biteran récas,

þrosm and þystro,

torment they suffer

burning heat intense

amidst hell,

fire, and broad flames;

so also the bitter reeks

smoke and darkness.

(Caedmon, p. 21, 18.)

45 ðu wislike mune = do thou wisely bear in mind. 47 hin = hine = him. 48 or, another form of ar, = ere, before. 49-56 The meaning of these lines may be expressed as follows:—"And of them two [God the Father and God the Son] that dearly love, who wield all here and above, proceeds that holy love, that wise will [the Holy Ghost], that wieldeth all things with right and skill [reason]. Might bad with word light exist; also that might [the Holy Ghost] wieldeth holy consolation, for there are three persons and one counsel, one might, and one godhead." 54 Hali froure = holy comfort, an allusion to the office of Holy Ghost as the comforter.

"Hire uoster moder wes an þe frourede hire."

= Her foster mother was one who comforted her.—(St. Marherete, p. 8.) 58 o sunde[r] sad = on sunder shad, i. e. a-sunder shed = divided apart, separated. It still exists in water-shed, Ger. wasser-scheide. Cf. l. 116. See Hampole's Pricke of Conscience, p. 271, l. 32. Cp. "the schedynge of tonges." (Trevisa's Translation of Higden's Polychron., p. 251.) "The longages & tonges were ischad & to-schift."—Ib. p. 251.

P. 3. l. 63 ðis walkenes turn = this welkin's course. See l. 79. 64 quuad = biquuad = bequeathed, ordained. See l. 117.

And euerilc wunder, and euerilc wo.

And every evil and every woe.

"hare lust leadeð ham to wurchen to wundre."

= their lust leadeth them to work to mischief.—(St. Marh. p. 14.)

71-72 Our ancestors had some strange chronological theories. In the Cursor Mundi we read that Adam was made at undern-tide, at mid-day Eve was drawn from his side, and at noon they both ate the apple, and were thus only three tides in bliss.^[396]

ðis ik (ilk?) wort in ebrisse wen.

This same word is in Hebrew opinion (tradition). The true form is wene, "a wene" = in supposition. See Laȝ. l. 18752; Orm. l. 4326; Owl and Nightingale, l. 237.

77 a-gon = agen = again. 78 a-gon = gone. It is our word ago. Grammarians, therefore, altogether err in making the a in ago = the prefixal element ge (y) as in yclept. agon and ago = the A.Saxon agán = af-gán, gone by, past. We have abundant examples in O.E. writers of the verb agon (ago) = to go. The past participle is agon or ago, in conformity to the rule that the past participles of verbs with this prefix do not take the initial y. 81 o france moal; in French speech; moal = mel = speech. S.Saxon mælenn, to speak. See Orm. vol. i. l. 99, 253. mol also signifies tribute. See O.E. Hom. 2 S. p. 179; O.E. Miscell. p. 151, l. 161. 87 tellen = reckon. 88 or = ar = first.

It hiled [= hileð] al ðis werldes drof.

= It surrounds (encloses) all this world's drove (assemblage).

Til domes-dai ne sal it troken.

Till doomsday it shall not fail.

"Ah for nauer nare teonen

Nulle we þe trukien."

But never for no injury

Will we fail thee.

—(Laȝ. i. p. 186.)

"Ah nauest þu neuere nenne mon.

. . . . . .

Þe cunne wærc makien.

Þe nauere nulle trukien."

But thou hast never no [any] man

. . . . . .

Who can make a work,

That never will fail.

119 birðheltre, fruit tree, from birðel, fruitbearing. Adjectives in -el, -ol, are not uncommon in O.E. See O.E. Hom. 2 S. p. 131.

Cp. "ðare bwys bowys all for byrtht."

Their boughs bend all for fruit.—(Wyntown, i. p. 14.)

124-5 fodme. When we find, as on p. 2, l. 43, ðrosing for ðrosim, {122}we must not be surprised at learning that fodme is an error for fodinge, production; A.S. fadung, dispensation, order, production, from fadian, gefadian, to dispose, order, produce. "Hwæt is se Sunu? He is þæs Fæder Wisdom, and his Word, and his Miht, þurh þone se Fæder gesceop ealle þing and gefadode."—(Ælfric—"De Fide Catholica"—Thorpe's Analecta, p. 65.) "An Scyppend is ealra þinga, gesewenlicra and ungesewenlicra; and we sceolon on hine gelyfan, forþon þe hé is soð God and ána Aelmihtig, seðe næfre ne ongann ne anginn næfde, ac hé sylf is anginn, and hé eallum gesceaftum anginn and ordfruman forgeaf, þaet hí beon mihton, and þæt hí hæfdon agen gecynd, swa swa hit þære godcundlican fadunge gelicode."—(Ibid, p. 63.)

walknes wurðinge, and erdes [erðes?] frame.

welkin's glory and earth's advantage.

"Twifold forbisne in ðis der [the fox]

To frame we mugen finden her."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 14, l. 425.)

"Summwhatt icc habbe shæwedd ȝuw

till ȝure sawle nede,

ȝiff þat ȝe willenn follȝenn itt

& ȝuw till frame turrnenn."—(Orm. vol. i. p. 31.)

"Manne frame = men's advantage."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 2, l. 39.)

"Jhesu, do me that for thi name

Me liketh to dreȝe pyne ant shame

That is thy (the?) soule note ant frame,

Ant make myn herte milde ant tame."—(Lyric Poetry, p. 71.)

He knowned (= knoweð) one ilc sterre name.

He alone knoweth each star's name.

135 He settes = He set (placed) them. Cf. l. 156, where wroutis = wrought them. The pronoun is or es = them. See Prefaces to Ayenbite of Inwyt, O.E. Hom. 1st and 2nd SS. 136 ðis walkne went = this welkin's course. See l. 63. 141 bi mannes tale = by man's reckoning. 143 egest = hegest = highest. ðe sunnes brigt = the sun's brightness. 145 moneð met, measure of a month. Cp. O.E. metwand. 148 Reke-fille (see l. 3136) = reke-filleð (cp. O.E. winter-fylleð = October. See Menologium, p. 62, ed. Fox), April (the vapoury or watery month).

wel wurðe his migt lefful ay.

Well worth his might ever holy!

Cf. "wo worth the day!" etc. lefful = O.E. geleáfful, faithful, holy. O.E. Miscell. p. 23, l. 713. 160 eruerilc = eauerilc = every. 162 his flotes migt = his floating (swimming) power. Cp. "a flote," a float, Rob. of Brunne, p. 169, l. 13. 163 ðen = to prosper, be successful. Cf. the O.E. phrase, "so mot I the." 164 tuderande = propagating, fruitful.

"Þa gyt drihten cwæð

. . . . .

wórd to Noe

tymað nu & tiedrað."

Again the Lord spake

. . . . .

words to Noah:—

Teem now and propagate.

—(Cæd. p. 91.)

"I was borenn her

Off faderr & off moder.

. . . . .

Þa þeȝȝre time wass all gan

To tiddrenn & to tæmenn."

I was born here

Of father and mother.

. . . . .

When their time was all gone

To propagate and to teem.

—(Orm. ii. p. 284.)

172 singen, to sin. It is not an error for sinnen, but a genuine form (contracted from sinigen), and not uncommon in O.E. writers. See sineged in l. 3555, p. 101.

"He su[n]ggeden and sorgeden and weren in ðogt."

They sinned and sorrowed and were in thought.

(O.E. Miscell. p. 22, l. 682.)

"Þe verþe manere to zeneȝi in chapare is to zelle to tyme."

—(Ayenbite, p. 33.)

"Alsuo may he mid his oȝene wyue zeneȝi dyadliche.—(Ibid. p. 36.)

to fremen and do frame,

to serve and do good.—(See l. 133.)

"Heo scullen me mon-radene mid mo[n]scipe fremmen."

They shall me homage with honour perform.—(Laȝ. ii. 586.)

Freme and frame are radically the same words, the former being of A.Saxon and the latter of Norse origin. In the Ayenbite, p. 91, vreme = freme = frame is used exactly in the sense of frame: "We wylleþ wel þet we be yvonded (tempted) vor hit is oure vreme ine vele maneres, vor we byeþ þe more ymylded and þe dredvoller and þe more wys ine alle þinges and þe more worþ and þe more asayd." 197 oc = og = ow, ought.

Whilst it (the soul) followed holy will,

God's self the while is pleased,

And displeased when it loves sin.

un-lif is evidently an error for un-lief = displeased = O.E. unleôf. In the MS. the f has a long tail, and might almost stand for an incomplete k. 217 kiegt = hight = threatened, literally promised. 222 ilc here = each of them. Cf. the expressions her non, non her = none of them. 228 sib = akin, related; still preserved in gossip, originally godsib. See Ayenbite, p. 36. 230 wrocte = wrogte = pret. of worken, to ache, pain, hurt. Cf. A.S. rop-weorc = stomach-ache; weorcsum, irksome. In the Reliq. Antiq., p. 51, a receipt is given "for evel and werke in þe bledder." On p. 54 of the same work we have a receipt for the "seke man" whose "heved werkes." 234 ðurte, an abbreviated form of ðurfte = behoved. This verb is used with the dative of the pronoun. (See Handlynge Synne, l. 5826.)

"Whyne had God made us swa

Þat us thurt never haf feled wele ne wa."

—(Hampole's P. of C. 6229.)

P. 8. l. 240 seli sped may be regarded as a compound, and printed seli-sped = good speed, prosperity. Cf. l. 310, where iwel sped = iwel-sped = misfortune. Cf. O.E. gode-happe, prosperity, and ille-happe, mishap. 247 seuendai = seuend dai = seventh day. 250 newes = a-new, a genitival adjective used adverbially. Cf. our modern adverb needs, O.E. nedes, of necessity; lives, alive. (R. of Gloucester, 301, 376. Owl and Nightingale, 1632.) deathes = dead. (R. of Gl., 375, 382. Owl and Nightingale, 1630.) 255 rode-wold = rode tree. I have printed rode-wold and not rode wold, because the two expressions are widely different in meaning. In the latter phrase the word wold = put to death, slain; in the former it is a suffix = -tree, -beam; so that rode-wold corresponds exactly to the O.E. rode-tre = rood-tre = the cross.

"Þe ille men in manhed sal hym [Christ] se,

Anly als he henged on þe rode-tre," etc.

—(Hampole's P. of C., l. 5260.)

Cf. dore-tree, Piers Pl. 833, and the phrases "hanged on a tree," "the gallows tree," etc. O.E. Tre = tree = wood, beam (and treen = wooden), still existing in axle-tree, saddle-tree, etc. The -wold in rode-wold must therefore = -tre = wood, beam, which we still preserve in threshold. O.E. threshwald, threshwold (A.S. thersc-wald, thyrscwold). The affix -wold fortunately occurs again in lines 576 and 614 in the word arche-wold = ark-board.

Sexe hundred ger noe was hold,

Quan he dede him in ðe arche-wold.—(l. 576.)

Sex hundred ger and on dan olde

Noe ſag ut of ðe arche-wolde.—(l. 614.)

A passage in Cædmon's poems furnishes us with the very term ark-board by which we have rendered arche-wold.

"Læd swa ic ðe hate

under earce-bord

eaforan þine."

Lead so I thee hete (command)

under the ark-board

thy progeny.

—(l. 23, p. 80.)

"Him þa Noe gewat

swa hine nergand het

under earce-bord."

Noah then departed

as him the preserver bad,

under the ark board.

—(l. 4, p. 82.)

Siðen for-les ðat dai is pris

Afterwards lost that day its honour.

And seli sad fro ðe forwrogt.

And the righteous separated from the wicked (accursed).

Seli constantly occurs in O.E. writers in the sense of good, and unseli, with the opposite meaning of bad, wicked. At first sight it would appear that the for in forwrogt is the same prefix which we have in forbid, forsake, O.E. for-worth, "good for nothing;" but forwrogt in O.E. = overworked, and, hence, fatigued. Forwrogt seems to be connected with the O.H.Ger. foruuerget, cursed; O.E. weried, cursed. The first interpretation, however, is supported by the Goth. verb fra-vaurkjan; Ger. verwirken, sündigen.

Ligber he sridde a dere srud.

Lucifer he shrouded (clothed) in dear (precious) shrouds (vestments).

Ligber is evidently Ligtber = Lucifer. It occurs in the Ayenbite, p. 10:—"And verst we willeþ zigge of þe zenne of prede, vor þet wes þe verste zenne and þe aginninge of alle kueade, for prede brek verst velaȝrede and ordre, huanne Liȝtbere the angel for his greate vayrhede and his greate wyt wolde by above þe oþre angeles and him wolde emni to God þet hine zo vayr an zuo guod hedde ymad."

And he became in himself proud,

And with that pride upon him waxed envy

That evilly influenced all his conduct;

Then might he no lord tolerate,

That should in any wise control him.

P. 9. l. 275 ðhauen = suffer, endure, tolerate. S.Saxon ðafen, iðeuen; O.E. thave.

"Þe sexte bede þatt mann bitt

Uppo þe Paterr Nossterr

Þatt iss, þatt Godd ne þole nohht

Ne þafe laþe gastess.

To winnenn oferrhand off uss

Þurrh heore laþe wiless."

The sixth petition that one prayeth

in the Pater Noster is that God should

not suffer nor permit loathsome spirits

to gain the upperhand of us

through their loathsome wiles.

—(Orm. i. p. 188.)

"& Hengest hine gon werien.

& nalde it noht iþeuen [þolie]."

And Hengest gan him defend

And would not suffer it.

—(Laȝ. vol. ii. p. 215.)

276 ðhinge = place, office, duty; it seems to be here used adverbially in the sense of "any wise," "at all." 276 grauen is perhaps an error for þrauen, to compel, control. Cf. gu for ðu, p. 11, ll. 365, 366, and ðund for gund. If grauen be the original reading then it is equivalent to greven. O.F. grever, Lat. gravare, to injure, grieve.

Min sete norð on heuene maken.

"Sette," he (Lucifer) said, "mi sete I sal

Gain him þat heist es of alle;

In þe north side it sal be sette,

O me seruis sal he non gette."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 4b.)

282 geuelic = geuenlic = like. Cf. the A.S. ge-efenlæcan, to be like, to imitate. O.E. euening = equal.

"And ðeðen he sal cumen eft,

and thence he shall come again,

. . . . . .

for to demen alle men,

for to judge all men,

oc nout on-geuelike.

but not a-like."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 23.)

"It (the law) fet ðe licham and te gost oc nowt o geuelike."

It feedeth the body and the spirit but not alike.

—(Ibid. p. 10.)

295 ðis quead = this wicked one. In Early English writers we meet with several derivatives of this word, as kueadliche, wickedly, kueadvol, sinful. (See Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 4, and extract in Note to l. 271, p. 125.)

Euerilc ðhing haued [haueð] he geue name,

To everything hath he given name.

P. 10. l. 314 ðor buten hunte, there without search, or hunting, without delay; or thereabout to hunt or search. 316 bilirten, to deprive of by treachery, to cheat a person out of a thing.

"ða herodes gesægh for-ðon bisuicen

[& bilyrtet] wæs from dryum, [& tungul

cræftgum] urað wæs suiðe."

(Matthew ii. 16, Northumbrian version.)

"Listneð nu a wunder,

ðat tis der doð for hunger:

goð o felde to a furg,

and falleð ðar-inne,

in eried lond er in erð-chine,

forto bilirten fugeles."

Listeneth now to a wonder,

That this deer (fox) doth for hunger:

Goeth a-field to a furrow,

And falleth therein,

In eared land or in earth-chink,

For to deceive fowls.

—(O.E. Miscell. p. 13, l. 403.)

318 dreue = trouble, disturb. Cf. O.E. drove, to trouble, droving, tribulation. "Þa Herodes þæt gehyrde, þa wearð he gedrefed,^[397] & eal Hierosolim-waru mid him."—Matt. ii. 3.

"& for-þi þatt he sahh þatt ȝho

Was dræfedd of his spæche

He toc to froffrenn hire anann."—(Orm. i. p. 74.)

"And because that he saw that she was troubled at his word, he took to comfort her anon." Southern writers, by metathesis, formed from dreuen (dreue) the vb. deruen (derue), thereby confounding it with another vb. deruen or derue, pret. dorue, p.p. doruen (A.Sax. deorfan, pret. dearf, p.p. dorfen), to labour, perish, be in trouble. Dreue is a transitive vb. of the weak conjugation, while derue is intransitive and of the strong conjugation, nevertheless we find derue (pret. dorue), taking the signification of dreue. "Stute nu earme steorue ant swic nuðe lanhure swikele swarte deouel, þat tu ne derue me na mare."—(Seinte Marherete, p. 12.) "Stop now, poor stern one, and cease now at once, deceitful swart devil, that thou harm me no more." In Laȝamon we find not only pret. drof = distressed, but derfde, and the p.p. iderued. In the Owl and Nightingale (ed. Wright), p. 40, we find the p.p. idorve = troubled, injured.

"Other thou bodest cualm of oreve (orve),

Other that lond-folc wurth i-dorve."

And senkede hire hure aldre bale

= And poured out to her the bale of us all,

i. e. gave her the cup of sorrow, of which we all drink; senkede = schenkede, to pour out, to give to drink, to skink. See Orm. ii. 181. Laȝ. ii. 202, 431; Alys. 7581; Owl and Nightingale, p. 70.

Quat oget nu ðat for-bode o-wold

= What does now that prohibition signify?

i. e. What is the meaning of the prohibition; oget = has, possesses o wold = a wold = in force, in signification. Cp.

Quat-so his dremes owen a wold

= What-soever his dreams do mean.

In ll. 1671, 2122 wold occurs as a noun = interpretation, meaning. The connection between the idea of power, and meaning, interpretation, is not, after all, so very remote. Do we not speak of the force of a word, its power, use, etc., in an expression? See Ormulum, p. 56, l. 11815.

for is fruit sired [sireð?] mannes mood,

= for its fruit enlighteneth (cleareth) man's mind.

330 witent for witen it = know it. 333 on hire mod = in her mind. 339 scroðt = scroð = solicited; the pret. of scriðe. The original meaning of the verb is, (1) to go; (2) to cause to go, to urge; (3) to solicit.

for to forðen is fendes wil,

for to further (do) his foe's will.

"For up he rigteð him

redi to deren,

to deren er to ded maken

if he it muge forðen."—(O.E. Miscell. pp. 5, 6.)

At he ðat fruit, and dede unskil,

Ate he that fruit and committed sin.

unskil, literally, signifies indiscretion, folly, and by an easy transition, sin, crime. (See Ormulum, vol. i. p. 12. Cf. O.E. unskilwis = irrational.)

P. 11. l. 345 Vn-buxumhed = disobedience; but in line 346 it signifies weakness, un-lithesomeness.

Vn-welde woren and in win

Here owen limes hem wið-in.

Their own limbs within them

Were powerless and in strife.

"——hise limes arn unwelde."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 3.)

"and wið al mankin

he (the devil) haueð nið and win" (envy and strife).

(O.E. Miscell. p. 8.)

"ðis fis wuneð wið ðe se grund,

and liueð ðer eure heil and sund,

til it cumeð ðe time

ðat storm stireð al ðe se,

ðanne sumer and winter winnen (strive)."

(O.E. Miscell. pp. 16, 17.)

"Þar aros wale and win."

There arose slaughter and strife.—(Laȝ. i. 18.)

flesses fremeðe and safte same

boðen he felten on here lichame.

Lust of flesh, and shame of form

both they felt in their bodies.

fremeðe seems connected with fremen and frame. In the translation I have connected fremeðe with O.E. frim, vigorous; but it may be another form of O.E. frumðe, beginning. Then the translation of l. 349 would be 'the beginning of flesh and shame of form.'

ðu haues ðe sorges sigðhe waked.

Thou hast for thyself a sight of sorrow roused.

sigðhe = sight, but if it be an error for siðhe it will signify adversity, mishap. 362 ut luken = shut out. 363 tilen ði mete[n] = earn thy food. tilen (till), earn, procure.

"Ne maig he tilen him non fode."

He is not able to procure food for himself.

(O.E. Miscell. p. 3.)

364 wid = wið, with. swotes teres = tears of sweat, i. e. drops of sweat. We may, however, by spoiling the metre, read swotes & teres, for in O.E. writers swot is frequently used in the singular and makes the plural swotes.

Til gu beas eft into erðe cumen,

Till thou art again into earth come.

"O nyth þare springes mani bogh,

Þat ledes man to mikel wogh,

for nithful man he luuves lest,

Þe quilk he wat es dughtiest."

—(Cursor Mundi, MS. Cott. Vesp. A iii. fol. 153b.)

And atter on is tunge cliuen,

And poison on his tongue shall cleave.

373 san = schand, disgrace, shame. Did the scribe originally write sam = shame? 377 pilches. This word answers to the "coats of skin" in our English version of the Scriptures. In modern English pilch is merely the flannel swathe of an infant, but it formerly signified a fur garment. Cf. Ital. pellicia, pelizza, any kind of fur; also Fr. pelisse (pelice), a furred garment.

"Here kirtle, here pilche of ermine,

Here keuerchefs of silk, here smok o line,

Al-togidere, with both fest,

Sche to-rent binethen here brest."—(Seven Sages, 473.)

Cherubin hauet [haueð] ðe gates sperd,

Cherubim have the gates bolted (barred, fastened).

391 swem = sorrow, grief. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. swemande. Legends of Holy Rood, pp. 135, 201.

Of iwel and dead hem stondeð greim

Of evil and death they stand in awe.

A similar phrase occurs in l. 432, p. 13. The phrase stande awe is not uncommon in O.E. writers.

"Than sal be herd the blast of bem,

The demster sal com to dem,

That al thing of standes awe."

(i. e. stands in awe of.)

—(Met. Hom. p. xii.)

"For Crist com sal be sa bright

Þat thoru þat mikel lauerd might

Him sal of stand sa mikel au,

Þat alle þe filthes of his maugh

{129}Sal brist ute at his hindwin,

For dred he sal haf of drightin."

—(Antichrist and the Signs of the Doom,

in Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur,

1863, p. 203, l. 408.)

"Thereof ne stod him non owe."—(Seven Sages, 1887.)

And leded (ledeð) samen gunker lif.

And lead (pass) together your (two) lives.

leded = ledeð, is a verb in the imperative mood; gunker, the A.S. incer (dual) = your two, of you two. Cf. ȝunkerr baþre = of you both.—(Orm. i. 214.)

And sumdel quemeð it his seri mood

And somewhat it cheereth his sorry mood.

More for erneste dan [ðan] for gamen,

More for necessity than for pleasure.

ðan he was of is broðer wold,

When he was by his brother killed.

An hundred ger after is dead,

Adam fro eue in srifte abead.

A hundred years after his death,

Adam from Eve in shrift (penance) abode.

"A hundred winter of his liue

fra þan forbar Adam his wiue,

for soru of Abel þat was slayn."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 8.)

wið dead him stood hinke and age.

Of death he stood in dread and fear.

ðeft and reflac ðhugte him no same,

theft and robbery appeared to him no shame.

Reflac = robbery with violence, rapine. (See Laȝ. i. 172, 272, 424; ii. 526.)

"Þe first sin is o covatise

Þat revis mani man þair praise,

O þis cumes blindnes and tresun,

Reuelaic, theft, extorsiun."

—(The Seven Deadly Sins: Cursor Mundi, Cott. MS. Vesp. A iii.)

Met of corn, and wigte of fe,

Measure of corn, and weight of goods.

The only objection against explaining fe by goods or money is that in the poem it signifies cattle, the proper term for goods, etc., being agte. In Laȝamon fe, however, has the meaning of goods, money.

And merke of felde, first fond he,

And he first devised division (boundary) of fields (lands).

444 at ðe sexte kne = at the sixth degree. Kne in this sense is used by Robert of Gloucester, p. 228:—"He come of Woden þe olde louerd, as in teþe kne" (i. e. tenth generation). 450 On engleis tale = in English speech.

He was hirde wittere and wal.

He was herdsman wise and experienced (skilful).

Of merke, and kinde, and helde, & ble,

sundring and sameni[n]g tagte he.

He taught of (concerning) the character, breed, age, colour [of cattle], the keeping them asunder, and the matching them together. merke refers, perhaps, to the form, shape, etc., of the cattle, and kinde to their pedigree. 459 glew, music, still exists in glee, gleeman, etc., O.E. gleowinge = singing. gleu, to amuse by singing.

"Bi a piler was he þar sett

To gleu þaa gomes at þair mete."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 40b.)

Cf. gleo, music.—(Laȝ. i. 298.) gleo-cræften = glee-crafts, arts of music.—(Ibid. i. 299.) gleo-dreme = glee-sound.—(Ibid. i. 77.) gleowen, gleowien, to chant, play.—(Ibid. ii. 382, 429.) 466 a sellic smið, a wonderful (rare) smith. 468 To sundren and mengen = to separate (the ore from the dross) and to mix (alloy).

Wopen of wigte and tol of grið

= weapon of war and tool of peace.

wigte = wig = war. Wigte may signify sharpness; it usually = strong, brave.

wel cuðe egte and safgte wið.

This line seems to be very corrupt and to stand in need of some emendation. I would propose to read as follows:—

wel cuðe he fegte and sagte wið

= well could he fight [i. e. with the wopen of wigte] and heal with [the tol of grið]. If this interpretation be right tol of grið would refer to some curative agents. 472 wurð bisne, became blind.

"Þis Lamech was called Lamech þe blind,

Caym he slogh wit chaunce we find."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 10.)

Al-so he mistagte, also he schet,

As he mistaught, so he shot.

477 wende = weened, thought. 480-481 Cain unwarned, received it (the arrow), groaned, and stretched (fell prostrate), and died with that (immediately). unwarde may be an error for unwarnde = unwarned, or for unwared = A.S. unwered = unprotected. 484 dedes swog = death's swoon. Swog = O.E. swowe, swoughe.

"Aswogh (in swoon) he fell adoun

An his hynder arsoun (rise of the saddle),

As man that was mate."—(Lybeaus Disconus, 1171.)

The verb to swoon occurs often in English under the form swoghen (p.p. yswowe),

"The king swoghened for that wounde."—(Kyng Alys., 5857.)

Cf. Laȝ. 130, "he fel iswowen;" i. 192, stille he was iswoȝen (the later copy reads iswoȝe).

Of his soule beð mikel hagt.

On his soul is much sorrow.—(See l. 2044, p. 59.)

P. 15. l. 490 or or, etc. = first ere, etc. = first before, etc. fen = mud, dirt.

"Man here is nathyng elles

Bot a foule slyme, wlatsom til men,

And a sekful of stynkand fen."

—(Hampole's P. of C., l. 566.)

See R. of Gloucester, 6; Ps. (in Surtees' Psalter) xvii. 43. 492 drinkilden = were drowned; drinkil is a derivative of O.E. drinke, to drown, a softer form of which is drenche, which often signifies in O.E. a drink, potion (R. of Gl., p. 151; Ayenbite, p. 151, deaþes drenche), as well as to drink and to drown. See Laȝ. i. 64.

"& att te lattste drunncnenn þeȝȝ

þa wrecchess, þat hemm trowwenn.

And at the last drown they

The wretches who them trow (believe)."—(Orm. ii. 181.)

"The see him gon adrynke

That Rymenil may of-thinke."—(Kyng Horn, 978.)

he began holy custom

Of prayers, and of god-fearing-ness,

for life's help and soul's comfort (counsel).

500 alied = halihed = holiness; toch = toc = took. 501 fro mannes mene, from man's fellowship, society. The usual form of mene in O.E. is ymene, ymone = common, general. 503-510 From Hampole's Pricke of Conscience, pp. 122-126, we learn that both Enoch and Hely (Elijah) shall come before doomsday to turn the Jews from following Antichrist to the Christian law:—"For 1260 days, or three years, shall they continue to preach. Antichrist, in great wrath, shall put the two prophets to death in Jerusalem, where their bodies shall lie in the streets for three days and a half, after which they shall ascend to heaven in a cloud. After their death Antichrist shall only reign fifteen days, at the end of which time he shall be slain before the Mount of Olivet." Some "clerks" affirm that he shall be slain by St Michael in Babylon, "that great hill." (See "Antichrist and the Signs before the Doom," in Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur, 1863.) 517 Metodius. In the "Polychronicon Ranulphi Higdeni," p. 23, ed. by Churchill Babington, 1865, amongst the "auctores names" we find mention made of "Methodius etiam martyr et episcopus, cui incarcerato revelavit angelus de mundi statu principio et fine." 518 sighe sir = sigðhe sir = sheer insight, clear fore-knowledge.

P. 16. l. 525 quat agte awold = what should happen. 526 water wold, destroyed by water. wold may = walled, flooded, from wallen. 530 hore-plage, whore-play, whoredom. Cf. O.Sax. hor-uuilo; O.H.G. huorgilust. In O.E. hore (not whore) was an epithet applicable to men as well as women. It occasionally signifies adultery. It is found in combination as a qualifying term in hore-cop, horesone, a bastard; hore-hous, a brothel. The O.E. horwed, defiled, unclean; horowe, foul (Chaucer); hori, ouri, dirty; Provincial E. horry (Devonshire), seem to belong to another family of words.

Wimmen welten weres mester

Women wielded a man's art.—(See Rom. i. 26.)

And swilc woded wenten on,

And such madness (folly) went on.

woded = wodhed. Cf. alied = alihed = holiness (l. 500, p. 15). "Þe oþer ontreuþe þet comþ of prede is wodhede, me halt ane man wod þet is out of his wytte, in huam skele is miswent."—(Ayenbite, p. 12.)

Golhed hunkinde he gunnen don,

Unnatural lust they did commit.

Golnes = lust, lasciviousness, occurs in the Owl and Nightingale, l. 492. Ancren Riwle, p. 198. Ps. lxvii. 14.

"Non lest (listen) on man do amys

Thorȝ hys oȝene gale (lust)."—(Shoreham, p. 107.)

hunkinde = unkinde, unlawful, unnatural. 536 quad mester, wicked craft (practices). See Allit. Poems, p. 46, ll. 265-268. Quad takes several forms and meanings in O.E.; as qued, wicked (Kyng Alys., 5619; evil, 4237); the devil (R. of Gl., 314); quead, wickedness (Ayenbite, p. 4); quathe, wothe, wathe, evil, harm (Hampole's P. of C., 2102, 4558; Allit. Poems, B. 885).

"De quât deit, de schuwet gêrn dat licht."—(Reynard the Fox.)

537 hun-wreste plage, wicked lust; hun-wreste = unwreste, weak, frail, and hence wicked.

"Mærling vnwærste [onwreste] man

Whu hæuest þu me þus idon."—(Laȝ. ii. 228.)

"Þenne þat hæfd (leader) is unwræst [onwrest]

Þe hæp (host) is þæ wurse."—(Ibid. vol. ii. 259.)

"Thanne aȝte men here wyves love,

Ase God doth holy cherche;

And wyves nauȝt aȝens men

Non onwrestnesse werche,

Ac tholye,

And nauȝt onwrest opsechen hy

Ne tounge of hefede holye."—(Shoreham, p. 57.)

See Orm. i. 168-9. A.Sax. Chron., 1052. Wright's Lyric Poems, 37. Kyng Alys., 878. Owl and Night., 178. 538 A ðefis kinde = in thief's kind, in sodomy. thief in O.E. was a general term of reproach. Perhaps in ðefis we have an allusion to Cain.

And leten godes frigti-hed

And forsook the fear of God.

And mengten wið waried kin

And intermixed with accursed kin.

Of hem woren ðe getenes boren

Of them were the giants born.

—(See Genesis vi. 4.)

Migti men, and figti, for-loren

= Migti men, figti and forloren,

Mighty men, warlike and forlorn (doomed).

548 litel tale, little account (worth). 553 blissen = lessen = be-lessen (?) or bi + leschen, to soften. Cf. blinnen and linnen = to cease. See ll. 3653, 3803.

ðat it ne wexe at more hun-frame

lest it should grow to greater evil.

"he wuneden (dwelt) seoððen (afterwards) here

inne griðe and inne friðe (peace)."—(Laȝ. ii. 50.)

"Lauerd, lauerd, ȝef (give) me grið."—(Ibid. iii. 35.)

Cf. greth, quarter (Sir Cleges, 292). grith-bruch, breach of the peace (Owl and Nightingale, 1043). grith-sergeant (Havelok, 267). 561 feteles, a vessel, a fat or vat.

"þe firrste fetless wass

Brerdfull off waterr filledd."—(Orm. ii. 148.)

"Sex feteles of stan war thar stan[d]and,

Als than was cumand in the land

And Crist bad thaim thir feteles fille

Wit water, and thai did son his wille."

—(Met. Hom. p. 120.)

562 set, made, formed. limed, daubed, pitched. 564 sperd, sparred, barred. See Orm. D. 261; H. i. 142, ii. 68; Havelok, 448. spere or sparre signifies also to lock, shut up. Chaucer, Troilus and Creseide, v. 455; Bone Florence, 1774. ðig = ðic, thick.

ðor buten noe(.) long swing he dreg.

Thereabout Noah endured long toil.

swing = swinc, toil, labour. 568 welken, pass away, literally to fade, wither; and usually applied to plants and flowers.

"It wites als gresse areli at dai,

Areli blomes and fares awai;

At euen doun es it brogt,

Un-lastes, and welkes, and gas to noght."—(Ps. lxxxix. 6.)

See Hampole's P. of C. l. 707. 576 arche-wold. See note to l. 255. 582 gette or get, poured down. gette is the preterite of geten or gete. See l. 585. Cf. O.E. yhete (ȝete); pret. yhet; p.p. yhoten (iȝote).

"Yhet over þam þi wreth."—(Ps. lxviii. 25.)

See Ps. xli. 5, lxxiii. 21. Percy's Reliq. vol. ii. 81. Cf. "a metal geoter," a metal caster, Kyng Alys. 6725. out-yhetted, poured out, Hampole's P. of C. 7119. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Gote. 592 moned = moneð = month.

P. 18. l. 598 dragen by metrical license for wið-dragen, withdrawn. ðe watres win = the water's force (strife). Winne in O.E. has the signification of to fight, contend with, strive, and hence to get. Cf. O.E. wunne, victory; wan, contrivance, remedy. See l. 347.

"Alle we atter dragen off ure eldere,

ðe broken drigtinnes word ðurg ðe neddre;

ðer-ðurg haueð mankin

boðen nið and win."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 11.)

607 est = east. Probably only an error for eft = again. 614 arche-wolde. See note to l. 255. 617 Rad = hasty, rash. Literally it signifies ready, and frequently occurs in O.E. writers with this meaning. Cf. O.E. gerâd, rædlîce, rædliche, radely, radly, promptly, quickly, suddenly. {134}See l. 2481, and Owl and Nightingale, ll. 423, 1041, 1279; Laȝ. 25603; St Marh. p. 10; Avow. Arth. xix. 6.

Often he prayed with timid prayer,

That such vengeance as God then did

Should no more on the world come,

What vengeance so ever there should be taken.

God granted it in token of love,

Showed him in the welkin above

A rainbow, they call it, red and blue.

"Fourti dais he sal [tham] yate

Þat fallen ar ute o þair state

Þoru foluing o þat fals prophet,

Þat þai mai þam wit penance bete."

—(Antichrist, in Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur,

1863, p. 204, l. 428.)

gate or yate, pret. yatte, is the Northern form of the word, the corresponding southern term is ȝete, pret. ȝette.

"& ȝho ne wass nohht tær onnȝæn,

Acc ȝatte hemm hĕre wille

& ȝatte þatt ȝho wollde ben

Rihht laȝhelike fesstnedd

Wiþþ macche, swa summ i þat ald

Wass laȝhe to ben fesstnedd."—(Orm. i. 80.)

"& þe king him ȝette

swa Hengist hit wolde."—(Laȝ. ii. 172.)

"& þe king him ȝette

al þat he ȝirnde."—(Laȝ. i. 189.)

See Seinte Marherete, p. 18. Allit. Poems, p. 17, l. 557. a = an = in. 637 men cleped = one calleth it; cleped = clepet = clepe + et; et = it. We have a similar construction in l. 1082:

"for al ðat nigt he sogten ðor

ðe dure, and fundend neuere mor."

fundend = funden + ed = founden + et = found it. The author of the poem constantly joins the pronoun et = it to the preterite of weak verbs. See line 479, where letet = let it. 590 stodet = stod it = it stood. 1654 kiddit = kidd it = showed it. As the plurals of the present indicative do not end in -eþ or -et in the poem, but in -en (-n), cleped may be an error for clepeð or clepeth = calls, and men = O.E. me = one. See line 750.

And as high the flame shall go,

As the flood flowed on the downs (hill).

lowe, a northern term (of Norse origin) for flame, the southern form (of A.Sax. origin) is leie. Religious Songs in Old Eng. Miscell., pp. 67, 182.

"Of his neose-þurles

cumeð þe rede leie."

"Þair throtes sal ay be filled omang

Of alle thyng þat es bitter and strang,

Of lowe and reke with stormes melled,

Of pyk and brunstane togyder welled."

—(Hampole's P. of. C., l. 9431.)

653 vten = wið-vten, without, besides. See l. 656. Cf. l. 596, with l. 598. 655 bi tale, in number.

P. 20. l. 676 gan ille wune, began wicked practices. 678 muni[gin]g = remembrance. 692 fendes fleiðing, fiends' strife. Probably fleiðing = flitting, contention, strife. The phrase fendes fleathe = ? fendes fleiðing, occurs in Shoreham's poems, p. 97.

"ȝyf thou rewardest thyne eldrynges nauȝt

A-lyve and eke a-dethe,

That were wel besy to brynge the forthe,

. . . . . . . .

ȝyf thou hy gnaȝst and flagȝst eke,

Ryȝt hys that fendes fleathe."

P. 21. l. 713 hicte = higte, was called, named. 724 wol wel = wel wel = very well, extremely well. Cf. the O.E. expressions wel ald, wel lang, etc., very old, very long, etc.; wol wel corresponds exactly to the O.H.G. and M.H.G. vil wol; Mod. Ger. sehr wohl. See Erec. (ed. Haupt. 1839), 2017.

Thare let hur, and ðeðen he nam,

Terah left Ur, and thence he went.

let (pret. of lete) = left; nam, literally took, and hence took the way, departed, went. See ll. 744, 745. 727 burgt, an error for burg.

Of weledes fulsum and of blis Rich of (in) wealth and of (in) bliss.

weledes is an error for welðes; it may = werldes = world's; fulsum = rich, plenteous, bountiful, occurs in O.E. fulsumhed (see l. 1548), fulsumly.

Each thing dieth that therein is cast.

753 ðus it is went = thus is it turned or changed. 754 brimfir, if not an error for brin-fire (burning fire; see l. 1164), signifies wild-fire, i.e. brimstone. Cf. A.Sax. cwic-fyr = fire of brimstone. 763 hunger bond. We ought, perhaps, to read hunger-bond, corresponding to the German hungersnoth, famine, dearth. Cf. luue-bond, l. 2692, force of love. 764 feger = feyer, far. 767 to leten = to lose.

"Ih scal iu sagen imbot,

gibot ther himilisgo Got,

Ouh nist ther er gihorti

so fronsig arunti."—(Otfried's Evangelienbuch.)

to god erdne beren = to intercede with God. Ernde occurs in Lyric Poetry, p. 62, in the sense of to intercede. 792 arsmetike = arsmet[r]ike = arithmetic.

He was hem lef, he woren him hold,

He was dear to them, they were true to him.

795 sat = schat, treasure, still existing in scot, shot. 796 vn-achteled, unestimated, immense; from achtel, to estimate, reckon. See Stratmann, s.v. ahtlien.

ðor he quilum her wisten wunen,

Where they formerly wished to dwell.

ðer het god abre ðat tagte lond, etc.

There God promised Abraham that promised land, etc.

tagte = bitagte, literally, assigned, appointed. 832 giscinge of louerd-hed = desire of lordship, greed of dominion. Giscinge = covetousness; the correct form is gitsing (ȝitsung, ȝittsung), but ȝissinge is found in Laȝ. ii. 227. Cp. yssing, O.E. Miscell. p. 38. icinge, Ayenbite, p. 16, and see Orm. i. 157.

"Al his motinge (talk)

was ful of ȝitsinge."—(Laȝ. i. 280.)

Neg ilc burge hadde ise louereding,

Nigh each borough (city) had its lord.

834 kumeling is literally a stranger, foreigner, but here signifies a king or ruler not of native blood, one of foreign extraction. See Comeling in Prompt. Parv. p. 89.

"For I am a commelyng toward þe

And pilgrym, als alle my faders was."

—(Hampole's P. of C., 1385.)

"Wande ein chomelinch ih bin mit dir unde ellente also alle uatere mine."—(Wendb. Ps. xxxviii. 22.)

844 gouel, tribute, tax. Later writers use the word gauel or gouel in the sense of usury. See Ayenbite, p. 35; O.E. Miscell. p. 46. Cf. gaueler, usurer. Ayenbite, p. 35; Ps. cviii. 11. 847 haued = haueð, hath. 848 here-gonge, invasion.

"For ich am witi ful iwis,

And wot (knoweth) al that to cumen is:

Ich wot of hunger [and] of hergonge."

—(Owl and Nightingale, l. 1189.)

851 fowre on-seken and fifue weren = four attack and five defend. on-seken = attack.

"heo wenden to beon sikere. They weened to be secure

þeo Belin heom on-sohte." when Belin attacked them.

—(Laȝ. i. 241.)

864 witter of figt = skilled in fighting. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. wyter, and Laȝ. i. 260, 409; ii. 247.

Abram let him tunde wel,

Abram caused himself to be well surrounded (well guarded).

wið-ðuten [= wiðð-uten] ðo ðe cuden flen

= except those who could flee.

P. 26. l. 882 bat = bad = bead = literally offered, and hence restored. bat = bette occurs in Legends of Holy Rood for amended, restored, p. 210, l. 6. 886 Borwen, delivered, rescued, the p.p. of bergen (O.E. berȝe, berwen).

"Þis boc is ymad vor lewede men

vor vader and vor moder and vor oþer ken

Ham vor to berȝe vram alle manyere zen

þet in hare inwytte ne bleve no voul wen."

—(Ayenbite, p. 211.)

"And huo þat agelt ine enie of þe ilke hestes him ssel þer-of vor-þench, and him ssrive, and bidde God merci yef he wyle by yborȝe."—(Ibid. p. 1.) Orm uses berrȝhenn, to save, preserve, from which he forms the derivative berrhless, salvation. 888 feres wale, brave companions (allies). Wale signifies select, choice, worthy, and hence brave. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Wale.

He froðer[ed]e him after is swinc.

He comforted him after his toil.

Herbert Coleridge (Gloss. Index, p. 33) connects froðere with the A.Sax. frofrian, to comfort. Of course there is nothing to be said against the interchange of f and th (cf. afurst, thirsty; afyngred, hungry, etc.); but the A.S. freoðian, to protect, render secure, is nearer in form, and there is the O.E. vreþie (Ayenbite) to prove that this verb had not gone out of use. 895 ðe tigðe del = the tenth part. tigðe = tithe = tenth. 898 bargt = barg (the pret. of bergen) preserved. 910 wið-uten man = except the men. The rhyme seems to require us to read nam; the meaning would then be "without exception or reserve."

Alle hes hadde wið migte bi-geten.

He had them all with might begotten (obtained).

hes = he + es = he + them. The combination hes occurs again in l. 943. es or is = them, as in l. 949. See Note to l. 135, and Preface to O.E. Miscell. p. xv, and O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. xii.

P. 27. l. 913 meðelike wel, with great moderation, very meetly. Cf. unmeaðeliche in Seinte Marherete, p. 10. meðeliche in O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 7. meðleas, Ancren Riwle, p. 96. 918 algen = halgen = hallow. 920 bi-told (rescued) should be the pret. of a vb. bitellen, but no such word occurs in the poem. See O.E. Hom. 1st S. p. 205. Owl and Night. l. 263. Laȝamon uses bi-tellen, to win.

"Ac wih him we scullen ure freoscipe (freedom)

mid fehte bitellen."—(Vol. i. p. 328.)

"Bi-ðencheð eow ohte (bold) cnihtes

to bi-tellen eoweore rihtes."—(i. 337.)

The editor explains bitellen by to win, but regain would suit the context.

"Nu þu hauest Brutlond,

Al bi-tald to þire hond."—(Vol. ii. p. 335.)

"Nu ich mi lond habben bi-tald."—(Vol. iii. p. 258.)

Quo-so his alt him bi-agt

= Whoso them (goods) holdeth, him it behoveth (yield as tithes).

Of ðe-self sal ðin erward ten,

Of thyself shall thine heir come.

erward = eruweard, heir. 939 nam god kep = took good heed to, attended carefully to. kep = care. See R. of Gl. 177, 191. Owl and Night. l. 1226. Hampole's P. of C. ll. 381, 597. 941 Euerilc, each, every one. euerilc is the same as the O.E. euerich, Mod. Eng. every.

Vndelt hes leide quor-so hes tok,

Undivided he laid them where-so he took (brought) them.

This line refers to the "duue and a turtul," in the following line. See Genesis xv. 10. 945 on-rum the same as a-rum, apart, aside.

"Tho Alisaundre sygh this,

Aroum anon he drow, ywis,

And suththe he renneth to his muthe (army)."

—(Kyng Alys., 1637.)

And of ðo doles kep he nam.

And of the pieces care he took.

P. 28. l. 949 kagte is wei, drove them away. kagte is the pret. of kache, to drive.

"And he ansuered als he war medde,

And said, Allas and wailewaye.

That ever I com at yon abbaye,

For in na chaffar may I winne

Of tha lurdanes that won tharinne

For likes nan of thaim my play,

Bot alle thar kache me away."—(Met. Hom. p. 151.)

953-954 God said to him in true dream, the future condition of his seed. beren-tem = barn-teem, offspring, descendants.

"We are alle a (one) man barn-teme."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 27b.)

And uten erdes sorge sen.

And in foreign lands sorrow see (experience).

"Outen sones to me lighed þai,

Outen sones elded er þai."—(Ps. xvii. 46.)

"Filii alieni mentiti sunt mihi, filii alieni inveteraverunt."

Cf. uten stede, l. 1741. O.E. utenlande, a foreigner. Havelok, l. 2153. 958 Hor = or, before. 960 ðat hotene lond, that promised land. 964 untuderi, barren. The usual O.E. term is unberand, unbearing. See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 177. 965 abre = to Abram. 969-971 And Sarai would not suffer it, that Hagar were thus swollen (with pride). She held her hard in thrall's wise (treated her as a slave). 974 one and sori, solitary and sad. 975 wil and weri, lonely and weary. Wil literally signifies astray, wild, from the verb wille, to go astray. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Wyl.

"He is hirde, we ben sep;

Silden he us wille,

If we heren to his word

ðat we ne gon nowor wille."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 2.)

"And child Jesus willed them fra."—(Met. Hom. p. 108.)

wiste hire drogen sori for ðrist.

Knew her to be suffering sorely for thirst.

drogen may be an error for drogende = suffering. sori as an adjective is not sorrowful, as most editors interpret the word, but heavy, painful, and hence anxious, etc. See l. 974.

"Quen thai him (Jesus) missed, thai him soht

Imang thair kith and fand him noht,

And forthi Joseph and Mari

War for him sorful and sari."—(Met. Hom. 108.)

P. 29. l. 984 folc frigti, formidable folk, frigti does not here signify, as in other parts of the poem, afraid, but to be feared. 991 in sunder run, secret speech or secret communing, private conversation. See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 29. 1010 ðe ton = the one. ton = that one the first; toðer = that other, the second.

Quoth this one, "this time next year,

Shall I appear to thee here;

By that time shall bliss befall Sarah,

That she shall of a son conceive."

And it hire ðogte a selli ðhing,

And it appeared to her a marvellous thing.

1028 on wane, wanting one, i.e. one less. "In þis burh was wuniende a meiden swiðe ȝung of ȝeres, two wone of twenti."—(St. Kath. 69.)

And it wurð soð binnen swilc sel,

And it became so (came to pass) within such time.

Ne min dede abraham helen, Nor my deed from Abraham hide.

1037 sinne dwale = complaint of sin (see l. 1220); dwale may be taken as an adj. = grievous, mischievous. 1038 miries dale, an error for mirie dale = pleasant dale. See l. 1121.

ðo adde abram-is herte sor,

for loth his newe wunede ðor,

Then had Abraham's heart grief,

For Lot, his nephew, dwelt there.

1041-4 "Lord," quoth he, "how shalt thou do (this), if thou shalt take vengeance thereon; shalt thou not the righteous protect (spare), or for them (for their sake) to the others mercy bear (show)?" með beren = to bear mercy, to show mercy to. See ll. 1046, 1242.

Ic sal meðen ðe stede for ðo,

I shall have mercy upon the place for those (for their sake).

Meðen signifies to use gently, act with moderation towards any one, to compassionate, to show mercy to. (See Allit. Poems, p. 45, l. 247; p. 51, l. 436; p. 54, l. 565; O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 153.) 1049 at-wot, departed. There is no such verb as æt-wítan, to depart, in Bosworth's A.Sax. Dict. The only meaning given to atwiten by Stratmann is to reproach, twit. At-wot may be a blunder for at-wond, departed. See l. 3058. Laȝ. l. 87. We have the O.E. at-flegen, at-gon, at-scape, etc. The simple verb wite is not uncommon in Early English authors.

"The first dai sal al the se

Boln and ris, and heyer be

Than ani fel of al the land,

. . . . . . . . .

And als mikel the tother day

Sal it sattel and wit away."—(Met. Hom., p. 25.)

"When this was sayd, scho wyte away."—(Ibid., p. 169.)

He ros, and lutte, and scroð him [hem?] wel.

He rose, and bowed, and urged (invited) them well.

He wisten him bergen fro ðe dead.

They wished to preserve him from death.

bergen is literally to preserve, but it may be here used passively, as the infinitive often is by O.E. writers, and we must then render the line as follows:—"They wished him to be preserved from death."

And he him gulden it euerilc del.

And they him requited it every whit.

Oc al ðat burgt folc ðat helde was on.

But all that townsfolk that were old enough.

ðat folc vn-seli, sinne wod.

That wretched folk, mad with sin.

Wil siðen cam on euerilc on.

Blindness or bewilderment afterwards came on every one.

1082 fundend = funden + id = funden + it = found it. 1084 don red = do (obey) counsel, i.e. take advice.

ðat here non wente agen.

That none of them should turn back.

1101 gunde under dun, under yond hill. 1103 sren, if correct, might signify screen, but it seems to be an error for fren, to set free, and hence to save.

Ai was borgen bala-segor.

Aye was saved Bela Zoar (little Bela).

See Gen. xiv. 2; xix. 20, 22. 1107 hine = him, the name of the town being regarded as of the masculine gender. 1108 erðe-dine = earthquake.

"Á hundyr á thowsand and seẅyntene yhere

Frá þe byrth of our Lord dere,

Erddyn gret in Ytaly

And hugsum fell all suddanly,

And fourty dayis frá þine lestand."—(Wyntown, p. i. 289.)

The verb dinne in O.E. has not only the sense of to din, but to shake, quake. See Seinte Marherete, p. 20.

"Þe erth quok and dind again."

—(Cursor Mundi; Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 11b.)

Ne mai non dain wassen ðor-on,

None may dare to wash therein.

dain, if not an error for darin = daren, dare, venture, may = ðain, a man, a servant, or = duen, avail. 1119 wente hire a-gon, turned her aback. See l. 1097. 1120 wente in to a ston, turned into a stone.

So ist nu forwent mirie dale,

So is there now changed merry (pleasant) dale.

ist = is + it, is it, there is. 1125 deades driuen, held (influenced) of (by) death.

P. 33. l. 1127 They say the trees that are near it, come to maturity in time, and {141}bring forth fruit and thrive, but when their apples are ripe, fire-ashes one may see therein. fier-isles, fire-ashes. For the meaning of isle, see Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Vsle. 1131-2 That land is called dale of salt, many a one taketh thereof little heed (account).

"Of thair schepe thai gif na tale,

Whether thai be seke or hale."—(MS. Harl. 4196, fol. 92.)

1137 biggede, dwelt. It signifies more properly to build. 1139-40 Here is an allusion to the destruction of the world by fire mentioned in lines 640-644, p. 19. Those maidens erewhile heard some say that fire should all this world consume. 1140 forsweðen, to burn up entirely, from the O.E. swethe or swithe, to burn, scorch. See Ancren Riwle, p. 306 (footnote). Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. swythe. 1142 fieres wreche, vengeance (plague) of fire. 1143-4 The Cursor Mundi says that Lot's daughters seeing only their father, thought that all men had perished.

"Bot Loth him held þat cave wit-in,

He and his doghtres tuin;

For þai nan bot þair fadre sau,

Þai wend alle men war don odau,

Thoru þat ilk waful wrak;

Þe elder to þe yonger spak:

'Sister to þe in dern I sai,

Þou seis þe folk er alle awai;

Bot Loth our fader es carman (male) nan,

Bot we twa left es na womman;

I think mankind sal perist be,

Bot it be stord wit me and þe.'"—(fol. 18.)

1147 vnder-gon, (1) to go under, (2) to cheat, deceive. In line 1160 under-gon = to undertake, take up again.

"ȝet our by-leave wole onder-gon,

That thyse thre (Persons of the Trinity) beth ryȝt al on."

—(Shoreham, p. 142.)

"Ope the heȝe eȝtynde day

He onder-ȝede the Gywen lay."—(Ibid. p. 122.)

"And tus adam he [Christ] under-gede,

reisede him up, and al mankin,

ðat was fallen to helle dim."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 22.)

1151 eiðer here, each of them. Cf. O.E. eiðer eȝe, each eye, both eyes. 1159-60 Now behoveth us to turn back and take up the song concerning Abraham.

Wið reuli lote and frigti mod.

With mournful cheer and frightened mood (mind).

reuli = sad, rueful, from the verb rue, to pity, compassionate, grieve for. Cf. O.E. rueness, compassion; Ruer, a merciful person; reuthe, pity.

"He saith 'we ben ybore euerichone

Making sorwe and reuly mone.'"—(MS. Addit. 11305.)

"Þis isah þe leodking

grimme heore lates."

The king saw this,

their grim gestures.

—(Laȝ. ii., 245.)

"Þat freond sæiðe to freonde,

mid fæire loten hende,

'Leofue freond, wæs hail!'"

That friend saieth to his friend

With fair comely looks,

"Dear friend, wassail!"

—(Ibid. ii., 175.)

P. 34. l. 1163 Roke, East Anglian for reke, smoke. See Prompt. Parv. p. 436; Beve's, l. 2471.

And ðe brinfires stinken smoke,

And the sulphur's stinking smoke.

stinken = stinkende, stinking. 1166 him reu. The verb rewe is used impersonally in O.E. 1167 suðen = southwards. (See Gen. xx. 1.) 1171-2 Erewhile as first Pharaoh her took, now taketh Abimelech her also. 1177 wif-kinnes, womankind. 1178 wið-helð = wið-held. 1179-80 In dream to him came tidings why he suffered and underwent that misfortune. 1180 untiming is literally that which is unseasonable. We have the same notion expressed in O.E. unhap (mishap), misfortune; E. happen, happy, and E. hap, happen, etc. Cp. untime, in Ancren Riwle, p. 344. 1184 ðat il sel, that same time, immediately.

And his yuel sort was ouer-gon,

And his evil lot was passed.

ða ðe swinacie gan him nunmor deren,

When the quinsy did him no more vex (annoy).

Our author or his transcriber is certainly wrong about the "swinacie;" for the punishment of "lecher-craft" was meselry (leprosy), the quinsy being the penalty for gluttony. The seven deadly sins were thus to be punished in Purgatory:—

1192 ðat faire blod, that fair woman. blod in O.E. was used as a term of the common gender, as also were such words as girl, maid, etc. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. blod.

Bad hire ðor hir wið heuod ben hid

= Bad hire ðor-wið hir heuod ben hid?

Bad her there-with her head to be hid,

(That is, she was to buy a veil for her head).

1194 timing, good-fortune, happiness. See note to line 1180. 1195 bi-sewen, be seen. so in this line seems an unnecessary addition of the scribe's. 1197 wurd = wurð, became; on elde wac, in age weak (feeble). Woc = weak; the older form is wac. See Laȝ. ii. 24, 195, 411.

"Forr icc amm i me sellfenn wac,

& full off unntrummnesse."—(Orm. ii. 285.)

"Vor nout makeð hire woc but sunne one."

For nought maketh hir weak but sin only.

—(Ancren Riwle, p. 4.)

1198 trimede is, perhaps, for timede = teemed = brought forth; if not it must be referred to O.E. trumen. See trimen in l. 1024.

P. 35. l. 1200 a-buten schoren = about shorn, is merely the explanation of circumcized.

"O thritte yeir fra he was born,

was ysmael wen he was schorn."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 16b.)

1201 lay is another form of law. Cf. O.E. daye and dawe. 1204 al swilk sel, even at such time. 1206 is told, is reckoned. 1208 fro teding don, removed from his mother's care (?). teding = tending (?), nursing, care, not teðing = teething. "fro teding don" in the Cursor Mundi is expressed by the phrase spaned fra the pap = weaned from the breast.

Michel gestninge made abraham,

great feasting or entertainment made Abraham.

gestninge (feasting) seems to be the same as the S.Saxon gistninge, a banquet. The original meaning is hospitality; O.E. gesten, to entertain a guest; S.Sax. gistnen, to lodge. See Ancren Riwle, p. 288a, 414. Laȝ. ii. 172.

And ysmael was him vn-swac,

And Ishmael was to him (Isaac) disagreeable.

vn-swac, displeasing, distasteful. There is no such word as un-swæc to be found in the A.Sax. glossaries, but we have swæc, savour, taste, from which I have deduced the meaning here given to un-swac. See Ancren Riwle, p. 48, where spekung = swekung, and cp. swæc, stenc, and hrepung, in Ælfric's Hom. i. 138.

1217 Ghe bi-mente hire to abraham, She bemoaned her to Abraham. bimente = pret. of bimene, to complain, lament.

"bimene we us, we hauen don wrong."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 25; see R. of Gloucester, p. 490.)

"Be þu neuere to bold, to chiden agen oni scold,

ne mid mani tales to chiden agen alle dwales."

(O.E. Miscell., p. 127. See p. 126, l. 414.)

"The wretche stiward ne might nowt slape;

Ac in the morewing he gan up rape."—(Seven Sages, l. 1620.)

"The king saide, 'I ne have no rape (I am in no hurry)

For me lest yit ful wel slape.'"—(Ibid. l. 1631.)

In sumertid, In egest sel,

In summer time, in the highest time (the hottest season) of the year.

Cp. 'in a hyȝ seysoun.'—Allit. Poems, p. 2, l. 39. 1228 hete gram, fierce heat. 1229 wexon ðrist. The sense requires us to read wex on ðrist, with fatigue and heat thirst waxed on them.

Tid-like hem gan ðat water laken,

Soon did that water fail them.

Bi al-so fer so a boge mai ten,

By as far as a bow may reach.

1239 sik and sor, sighing and sadness. 1241 dede hire reed, brought her help.

An angel meðede hire ðat ned,

An angel alleviated her distress.

hire is the dative of the personal pronoun. 1244 seli timing, a fortunate occurrence. See note to l. 1180. 1247 nam fro ðan, went from that {144}place. fro ðan = Sc. fra thine, from thence. 1252 mikil and rif, great (powerful) and wide-spread. 1254 In Arabia his kin dwell. 1258 kungriche = kineriche, kingdom. Cf. kungdom = kunedon = kingdom, l. 1260. kunglond, kunelond = kinglond, kingdom, l. 1262. guglond = kunglond, kingdom, l. 1264.

His ninth son was Tema,

Wherefore is there a kingdom called Teman.

Het a guglond esten (eften ?) fro ða,

Was called a kingdom afterwards from that time.

esten fro ða = eastwards from those other kingdoms. 1269 siker pligt, firm, sure pledge.

ðog [it] was nogt is kinde lond,

Nevertheless it was not his native land.

Richere he it leet ðan he it fond,

richer he left it than he found it.

On an hil ðor ic sal taunen ðe,

on a hill where I shall show thee.

1292 ðat he bed him two [to ?], that he commanded him to go to. two, an error for to. See l. 3752. 1295-6 They say on that hill's side was made the temple of Solomon. 1295 dune-is siðen = dune-is siden, down's (hill's) sides. 1299 buxum o rigt, rightly obedient. 1301 sagt, an error for sag (saw). See l. 1334.

ðo wurð ðe child witter and war,

Then became the child wise and wary.

Wonderfully art thou in the world come,

Wonderfully shalt thou be hence taken;

Without long suffering and fight (struggle)

God will thee take from world's night,

And of thyself holocaust have,

Thank Him that He would it crave (demand).

"ðrowwinge and pine."—(Orm. ii. 174.)

"Vor soð wisdom is don euere soule-hele biuoren flesches hele: and hwon me ne mei nout boðe holden somed, cheosen er licomes hurt þen þuruh to stronge vondunges, soule þrowunge."—(Ancren Riwle, p. 372.) For true wisdom is ever to put soul-health before flesh-health, and when one may not hold both together, to choose rather bodily hurt than, through too strong trials, soul-agony (death). 1323 Supply don after wulde. 1328 nuge = nog, now. 1331 frigti fagen may be either frigti and fagen, timid and glad, or else frigti-fagen, timidly glad.

"Tacc þær an shep bafftenn þin bacc

and offre itt forr þe wennchell."—(Orm. ii. 156.)

Sarra was fagen in kindes wune, Sarah was naturally glad.

in kindes wune = after the manner of kinde (nature); kindes wune = kind-wise, kin-wise. 1365 semeð is an error for semes, burdens, loads, or for semed, burdened, loaded. See l. 1368. seme is properly a load for a pack-horse.

"An hors is strengur than a mon,

Ac for hit non i-wit ne kon,

Hit berth on rugge grete semes,

And draȝth bi-vore grete temes."

—(Owl and Nightingale, ed. Wright, p. 27.)

1372 min erdne ðu forðe selðhelike, mine errand do thou perform, accomplish successfully. forðe = forðen. See Orm. l. 1834; Ancren Riwle, p. 408; Laȝ. l. 31561. 1373 lene, grant, still exists in lend, loan, etc.

He bad hise bede on good sel,

He offered his prayer (in good time) opportunely.

Ne wor nogt so forð ðeuwe numen,

The custom had not been so forth (up to that time) practised.

1388 bofte = bi-ofte, behoof; cf. O.E. byefþe, bi-ofþe. See l. 1408. 1390 beges = bracelets, armlets, probably from A.Sax. bugan (= beogan), to bow, to bend. The original meaning of beg is crown. In Piers Ploughman 346, beighe signifies a collar. In the Middle High German version of the Book of Genesis (ed. Diemer) it is stated that Eliezer, for love, gave Rebekah

"Zwêne ôringe

und zuêne arm-pouge

ûz alrôteme golde."

1391 ghe seems to be an error for he. 1394 kiddit = made it known, showed it. 1397 good grið = good entertainment. 1398 Him (the dative of the personal pronoun), for him.

Quilc selðe and welðhe him wel bi-cam,

What prosperity and wealth had well befallen him.

fagneden wel ðis sondere man,

welcomed well this messenger.

fagnen is literally to make fain or glad, to welcome, entertain; sondere man. The proper form is sondes-man. Ancren Riwle, p. 190. Cf. loder-man for lodes-man, l. 4110, p. 117; and sander-bodes, O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 89.

When God hath it so ordained,

As he sendeth so it shall be.

For entreaty nor meed not would he there.

Over one night delay no (any) more.

(1) "Sir Pilates wife dame Porcula

Tille hir Lord thus gan say—

'Deme ȝe noght Ihesus tille ne fra,

Bot menske him that ȝe may

I have bene drechid with dremes swa,

This ilk night als I lay.'"

—(Gospel of Nichodemus, Harl. MS. 4196.)

(2) "Quhen Claudius þe manhed kend

Of þe Brettownys, he message send

Tyl Arẅyragus, þan þe kyng

{146}Þat Brettayne had in governyng,

For til amese all were and stryfe,

And tak his dochtyr til his wyfe,

And to Rowme þat Tribwte pay

Wycht-owtyn drychyng or delay."—(Wyntown, vol. i. p. 92.)

"Lathnes to kirc at sermon here

Dreching o scrift (delay of shrift)," etc.—(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii.)

1427 Or or first ere, i.e. before. 1428 morgen-giwe = morgen-giue, nuptial gift, the morning gift, the gift of the husband presented to the wife on the morning after marriage. See Ancren Riwle, p. 94. Hali Meid. p. 39. 1430 godun dai, good day. godun = godne, the accusative of the adjective.

"He let clipie þe saterday:

Þe freres bifore him alle

And bed alle godne day."—(St Dunstan, l. 200.)

1434 sondes fare, the journey of the messenger (Eliezer). 1437 on felde = the O.E. afelde. 1439 Eððede = eðede, alleviated, is connected with the O.E. eþe (eað), easy, and literally signifies softened. 1440 Of faiger waspene, of fair form; waspene is evidently an error for wasteme or wastene. "He seh þeos seli meiden marherete ... þe schimede ant schan al of wlite (face) ant of wastum (form)."—(Seinte Marherete, p. 2.) "In þis burh was wuniende a meiden swiðe ȝung of ȝeres, two wone of twenti, feir ant freolich o wlite & o westum."—(St Kath. p. 69.) 1442 Here samening, their union, intercourse.

And sge ne bi-spac him neuere a del.

And she contradicted him never a whit.

Abraham dede hem siðen sundri wunen,

Abraham assigned them afterwards sundry abodes.

Him bi-stoden wurlike and wel,

Mourned for (bewailed) him worthily and well.

See ll. 716, 3857. wurlike = wurðlike, worthily. 1461-4 Long it was ere she him child bare, And he entreated God, when he became aware of it (i.e. that Rebekah was barren), That he should fulfil that promise, That he to Abraham erewhile made. 1463 fillen, to fulfil, accomplish. See Orm. i. 91. quede, promise, saying, is the same as the O.E. quede, a bequest, quide, a saying, from queðe, to say, still existing in quoth. See Laȝ. i. 38, 43; ii. 151, 197, 613 ; iii. 3; Orm. ii. 321.

At one burden she bore

Two, who were to her akin of blood.

sibbe blod = O.H.G. sippe-bluot, blood relatives. Perhaps this line was inserted by the author on account of the popular belief at this time, that the birth of twins was an indication of unfaithfulness on the part of the woman to her husband. 1469-71 Also it seemed to her day and night, As (though) they wrought in fight (struggling, conflict), Which of them should first be born. 1470 "And the children struggled together within her."—(Gen. xxv. 22.) The following curious paraphrase of this passage occurs in the Cursor Mundi, fol. 20b:—

"His wiif (Rebekah) þat lang had child forgane,

Now sco bredes tua for ane,

Tuinlinges þat hir thoght na gamen,

Þat in hir womb oft faght samen.

Swa hard wit-in hir wamb þai faght,

Þat sco ne might rest dai ne naght;

At pray to Godd ai was sco prest,

To rede hir quat þat hir was best;

Þat hir war best he wald hir rede.

Hir liif was likest to þe ded (death).

Strang weird was giuen to þam o were,

Þat þai moght noght þair strif forbere

Til þai had o þaim-seluen might

To se quarfor þat þai suld fight.

Fra biginning o þe werld

O suilk a wer was never herd,

Ne suilk a striif o childer tuin

Þat lai þer moder wamb wit-in.

Þair strut it was vn-stern stith,

Wit wrathli wrestes aiþer writh.

Bituix unborn a batel blind,

Suilk an was ferli to find.

He þat on þe right side lai

Þe tother him wraisted oft awai;

And he þat lay upon þe left,

Þe tother oft his sted him reft."

1470 and = an = in; or else figt must be an error for fagt = fought; and nigt = nagt. 1477 Ghe is evidently an error for ghet or get, yet. liues = alive. Cf. newes, anew, etc.

P. 43. l. 1484 swete mel, sweet meal (food), not sweet speech. "And Isaac loved Esau, because he did eat of his venison."—(Gen. xxv. 28.) 1487 seð a mete, sod a meat. "sod pottage."—(Gen. xxv. 29.) 1493 mattilike weri = mattilike and weri, overcome (faint) and weary. Mattilike is connected with the O.E. mat, mote, faint, half dead. See Allit. Poems, p. 12, l. 386.

Iacob wurð war he was gredi,

Jacob became aware that he (Esau) was hungry.

—(See Gloss. s.v. Gredi.)

1495-6 "Brother," quoth he, "sell me those privileges Which are said to be the first (eldest) son's." 1499 bliðelike, quickly; blithelike has often this sense in O.E. writers. 1501 wurði wune, a worthy (high, great) privilege. 1503 offrende sel, offering time.

Was wune ben scrid semelike and wel,

Was wont to be clothed seemly and well.

1506 dede his ending, came to his end (died). 1507 heg tide, hey (high) days. 1510 twinne del, two-fold. 1511-12 And when the father were (should be) buried, to have two portions of hereditary property. ereward = erfeward, is properly the guardian, keeper of the erfe or inheritance, and hence the heir, so that instead of ereward riche we ought to read {148}ereward-riche, corresponding to the A.Sax. yrfe-land, hereditary land. The -riche is the affix found in O.E. heven-riche, heaven kingdom; kine-riche, a kingdom; E. bishoprick. The -ward (in ereward) = warder, keeper, is found in O.E. gate-ward, dore-ward (door-keeper), bat-ward (boat-keeper); hey-ward (farm-yard keeper); sti-ward (steward, the officer who originally had care of the highways or sties?).

P. 44. l. 1514 then, an error for ten, to go. 1515 in wis, in wise, so that; but may we not read in-wis = i-wis, indeed, truly? See l. 2521. 1518 Holden wurðelike, esteemed honourably, held in honour, respect; a may be for and, or for aa = aye, ever.

A hundred times as much waxed his honour,

So may God prosper where he will.

Niðede ðat folk [ðat] him fel wel,

That folk envied him because he prospered.

"O land he (Noe) had ful grette plenté,

For him and for his sons thre;

Mast to tilth he gave him þan,

To flitt þe breres he bigan;

Sua lang wit flitting he þam sloght,

Þat wine-treis he þam wroght."

—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 13.)

1524 trewðe fest, troth-fast, pledged by troth or plighted faith; fest has usually the sense of confirming, pledging, in O.E.

"Þis neu forward (covenant) was festened þan."

—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 23.)

And age came upon Isaac,

He became sightless and weak of (with) age.

elde swac = eldes wac, weak of (with) age. 1531 ðat, what. 1535 brogtes, brought them. 1536 And she well knew the father's choice; kire answers exactly to the later gloss, wune = what is chosen, selected; S. Sax. cure, choice.

"Þer stoden in þere temple

ten þusend monnen

þet wes þe bezste cure

Of al Brut-londe."—Laȝ. i. 345.

1537 And made exceedingly good, or very opportunely, that meat; on sele = on-sele, good, literally timely, opportunely; S.Sax. on sele, safely. See note on l. 1542.

"Cnihtes fuseð me mid

leteð slæpen þene king

And fare we on sele."—Laȝ. i. 32.

sæ-men æfter

fóron flód-wége

folc wæs on salum.

The sea men after

marched the flood way

the folk prospered (was in prosperity).

—(Cædmon, 184, 13.)

1539 Clothed she Jacob and made him rough. 1542 seles mel, an error for selie mel, good (timely) meal? Cf. miries dale for mirie dale, l. 1038, p. 30. See Laȝ. i. 75; ii. 173.

"And þas word saide

Brutus þe sele (the good)."—Laȝ. i. 30.

"haueð mi fader bi þære sæ

Castel swiðe sæle."—(Ibid. ii. 14.)

1544 For he handled him and found him rough. 1545 When he knew him, opportunely he blessed him, faithfully and well. on gode sel, in good time, opportunely. See note to l. 1542.

Heaven's dew and earth's fatness,

Abundance of wine and oil.

Quoth Esau, "right is his name

Called Jacob, to my disadvantage."

Nevertheless, dear father, intreat I thee

That thou give me some blessing.

1573 erðes smere, earth's fatness; smere is properly fat, grease, butter. In the Orm. ii. 106 it is used in the sense of ointment. 1574 granted him blessing that was precious to him; gere is evidently an error for dere, beloved, dear, precious.

For Idumea, that rich land,

Of pasture good, was in his hand.

lewse, cf. O.E. leswen, to pasture; lezzer^[398] (Shropshire), a pasture-land. (Wicliffe, 1 Kings xvi. 11; 1 Cor. ix. 7; Luke viii. 34.) "If ony man schal entre by me, he schal be saved; and he schal go yn, and schal go out, and he schal fynde lesewis." (Wicliffe, St John x. 9.) "Egipte aȝenst kynde of oþer londes haþ plenté of corn; he is bareyne of lesue, and whan he haþ plenté of lesue it is bareyne of corn." (Trevisa's translation of Higden's Polychronicon, vol. 1, p. 131.)

Quoth Esau, "The time of mourning shall pass away,

And I shall take vengeance of (on) Jacob."

1577 grot is a noun formed from the vb. to grete (to weep, mourn), just as wop is from wepe (weep). It is the same as the O.E. gret, grete, cry, outcry.

"Be thou there," quoth she, "till Esau

Appeased be, who rages now."

Eðe-moðed (= eðe-moded) is literally easy-minded, humble, mild, and hence soft-mooded, appeased. S.Sax. edmod, eadmodied, edmodie. See Laȝ. ii. 554; Ancren Riwle, 246, 278. The insertion of be is necessary to the metre as well as to the sense.

Esau married in order to annoy us

When he allied (himself to kin of Canaan) and is so foolish.

Wherefore he maketh him stubborn and strong,

For he is mixed amongst that kin.

Ne bode ic no lengere werldes lif,

I could endure (abide) no longer world's life.

1605 an soðe drem, in true dream. 1606 heuene bem = heaven-beam (?), the sun (?). 1610 Lened = leaned; but the MS. also sanctions leued = remained; and [Jacob] wurð ut-suuen, and Jacob became cast out of {150}(aroused from) his sleep. 1615 i = ic, I. It is common to find i before sal, instead of the fuller ic.

P. 47. l. 1620 amongus = amonges = amongst. 1621 a-gen cumen = agen-cumen, return. 1623 for muniging = for a memorial. 1624 And get on olige = and poured on oil; olige = the O.E. olie, elye = oil; anelye, to anoint. 1636 A well well-covered under a stone. 1638 abiden (= abode) is the pret. pl. of abide. 1641 sulden samen = should assemble.

Iacob wið hire wente ðat ston,

Jacob for her removed that stone.

And he made known he was her aunt's son,

And kissed her after kins-wise (as a relative).

mouies is properly a female relative; S.Sax. mawe, moȝe, mowe, and must be distinguished from mæi, mey, may, etc., a male relative. "Þis ȝet þuncheð me wurst þæt tu þe ane hauest ouergan þi feder ant ti moder, meies ba ant mehen." (St Marherete, p. 16.)

"Nu is afered of þe

þi mei and þi mowe;

Alle heo wereð þe weden

þat er weren þin owe."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 178.)

We occasionally, as in this instance, meet with the word in a more limited sense.

"Annd hire meȝhe Elysabaeþ

Wass gladd inoh & bliþe

Off hire dere child Iohan,

And lefliȝ ȝho himm fedd."—(Orm. i. 109.)

"Has þou her," þai said, "ani man,

Sun or dogter, mik or mau

To þe langand, or hei or lau."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 17.)

We even find a confusion between the two terms, as in l. 1761, p. 51, and in the following passage:

"Loth went and til his maues (sons-in-law) spak."

—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 17.)

P. 48. ll. 1655-6 Laban welcomed him (Isaac's son travelled from afar) in friend's wise (friendly); feren = S.Sax. feorren, afar, far, from a distance. (See Ancren Riwle, p. 70, l. 3888.)

"The sonne, and monne, and many sterren

By easte aryseth swythe ferren."—(Shoreham, p. 137.)

1658 and laban herte ranc = and Laban's heart was wrung (with pity)? for ranc read wranc = wrang. 1666 wað = quað, quoth, spoke. 1668 wið skil, in reason, reasonably.

Luue wel michil it agte a-wold

Love so great it ought prevail.

agte awold, have in power, prevail, avail. Cp. "Þerfore everyche Romayn overcomeþ oþer is overcome wiþ flaterynge and wiþ faire wordes; and ȝif wordes failleþ, ȝiftes schal hym awelde." (Trevisa's translation of Higden's Polychronicum, vol. i. p. 253.) 1676 tog = toc = took.

long wune is her driuen,

long custom is here held (practised).

P. 49. l. 1693 londes kire, custom of the land (country). 1700 caldes, called them. Cf. calde is in l. 1702. 1706 ille bi-nam, foully ravished. 1712 charen, {151}to depart, literally to turn. 1713 ðelde an error for gelde = should requite.

Unless Laban should reward better

His service, and withhold (retain) him yet.

Covenant is made of all sheep,

Jacob should take charge of those of one colour,

And if of those, spotted ones came,

Those should be taken for hire (wages).

Sheep or goat, speckled, streaked, or gray,

Are placed from Jacob far away;

Nevertheless those of one colour

Bore many unlike and dissimilar.

P. 50. l. 1723 haswed = haswe, "livid, a sad colour mixed with blue." It also signifies rugged, shaggy. 1726 vn-like = unlike in colour. It may be, however, an error for on-like = alike; likeles, unlike, dissimilar in form. 1729 ðe sunder bles, the diverse coloured ones. 1736 To be under him longer is displeasing to him. 1740 clipping time, shearing time. See Allit. Poems, A. 802. 1747 for-olen = for-holen, secreted.

ðus meðelike spac ðis em,

thus kindly (mildly) spake this uncle.

My relative, my nephew, my fellow (companion)

Thou oughtest not to do me such unlawfulness (wrong).

I was afraid it might occur to thee

To take thy daughters from me.

Theft I deny, that is my advice,

That he be dead (put to death) with whom thou findest them (thy gods).

1768-9 is = them. 1771 yuel ist bi-togen, evil is there accused = wrongfully has accusation been made, i. e. I am accused of a crime. bitogen, the p.p. of biteon, signifies also befallen. bitogen may be an error for bilogen. 1772 My labour about thy property is drawn (taken up), i. e. I am troubled about thy property. 1774 And to me was thine honour dear; wurðing = honour, respect, good opinion. 1775 fend sule wit ben, friends shall we two be. 1776 And troth plight (pledge) now us two between. 1779 glað = glad. 1782 Turned backward ere it was light. 1783 of weie rad, quickly away. of liues = alive; of kin = akin. 1784 Soon was he far from Laban separated. 1786 Engel-wirð = engel-wird, a troop, multitude of angels.

"Þer wes Bruttene weored

baldeliche isomned."—(Laȝ. ii. 412.)

"iwepned wel alle

heo wenden to þan walle."—(Laȝ. i. 401.)

"& sone anan se þiss wass seȝȝd

Þurrh an off Godess enngless,

A mikell here off enngleþeod

{152}Wass cumenn ut of heoffne,

& all þatt hirdeflocc hemm sahh

& herrde whatt teȝȝ sungenn."—(Orm. i. 115.)

"He comuth with so gret here

Wondur is the ground may heom beore."—(Kyng Alys., p. 91, l. 2101.)

And Jacob sent far before

Him rich gifts, and sundry bearers.

"ðe riche reoðeren

& scheop & bule,

hwa se mihte

brohten to lake."—(St. Kath. 63.)

"And bi þatt allterr wass þe lac

O fele wise ȝarkedd."—(Orm. i. 34.)

"Alle hii nemen þat lock."—(Laȝ., later copy, ii. 320.)

boren = bearers. A.S. bora. 1804 The sinews sprang from the limb. lið = member, limb. See Hampole's P. of C. 1917.

Would they (Jacob's kin) no sinews thenceforth eat,

His own kin will not forget that usage.

1808 Till the dawning up from the east burst. 1811 leate = lete, relinquish. 1818 How shall any man be able to hurt thee? 1826 And honoured him as the first-born; wurðe should be wurð[ed]e. 1828 ðo rew him so, then had he such compassion upon Jacob.

"And he arayeth hare trome

As me (one) areyt men in fyȝt."—(Shoreham, p. 108.)

Cp. shel-ter = or scheltron = schild-trume. 1833 Jacob was sorrowful that he forsook (refused) them (the presents). 1835 hol and schir = whole and sound; schir = sheer, pure, undefiled. 1837 him to frame = for his own use. 1840 tgelt = tyelt = encamped. Cf. Ger. zelt; Eng. tilt. 1843 There King Emor sold him a piece of ground. 1848 She departed leave-less (without permission) from that place. 1851 Her own counsel misled (ruined) her. We might read

for hire listede hire owen red,

for her own counsel pleased her.

And his burge-folc fellen in wi,

And his people (borough-folk) fell in war.

wi = wig = war. Cf. Semi-Sax. wiȝe, battle, conflict. (Laȝ. i. 201; ii. 260; iii. 5.) wi-ax, wi-eax, a battle-axe. (Laȝ. i. 67, 96, 166, 286.) 1855 bi-speken, blamed. Cf. bi-spac, l. 1444, p. 41.

P. 54. l. 1872 Gol prenes = golde prenes = gold brooches. Prene is connected with O.E. preonne, to sew up. (See O.E. Miscell, p. 172, l. 68.) Sc. prin, a pin.

Deep he them buried under an oak,

No covetousness made him weak (disobedient) in heart.

For Solomon shall find them,

And his temple deck withal.

Of Edom so it was named then,

For it was before called Bozra.

1906 deden un-red = committed sin; unred, want of wisdom, miscounsel, folly, wickedness. (See Owl and Nightingale, 161.)

"For unræd is swiðe ræh (rash)."—(Laȝ. i. 278.)

1910 Brictest of waspene (wasteme), brightest of form; witter wune = skillwise, skilful, of good abilities. 1912 vn-hillen & baren, discover and lay bare (disclose); vnhillen = O.E. unhelen. (See Surtees, Ps. xxviii. 9.)

for-ði wexem wið gret nið;

for-ði he wexen wið gret nið,

Wherefore they increased in great envy (jealousy).

wið = in. 1919 soren = shorn = reaped. Shear is still an E.Anglian term for to reap.

"And I sal say til men scherande,

Gaderes the darnel first in bande,

And brennes it opon the land,

And scheres sithen the corn rathe,

And bringes it unto my lathe."

—(Met. Hom. p. 146.)

1920 here = theirs. Cf. ure = ours. 1923 hu mai ðis sen, how may this appear (be seen). 1928 siðe = siðen = afterwards. 1934 In Dothan he found them come. sogt = sought = come, arrived? 1935 fro feren = from afar.

P. 56. l. 1942 ðisternesse = cisternesse = cistern. (See l. 1960.) Cistern occurs in the Middle High German Book of Genesis and Exodus, ed. Diemer, p. 75.

"Nu sehet ze dem trômære, er bringet nivmare

Slahen wir den selben hunt,

Werfen in in der zisterne grunt."

In this pit, old and deep,

Yet shall he be cast, naked and cold,

What-so(ever) his dreams may signify.

1943 wurðe = wurð e = wurð he (?) = he shall be. 1950 derne sped = secret haste. I should prefer derue sped = derfe sped, bold (wicked) haste. 1952 spices ware = spices-ware = spicery. 1958 Than he should there die in their power. 1961 ðhogte swem = appeared grieved = was sorrowful.

Believed him to be slain, set up a cry

He will not cease, such sorrow he endured.

"ðanne remen he alle a rem,

so hornes blast oðer belles drem (noise)."

—(O.E. Miscell., p. 21.)

In kid's blood they turned it,

Then was there-on a piteous stain.

"Ah wið se swiðe lufsume leores

Ha leien, se rudie

{154}& se reade i-litet (coloured)

eauereach leor

as lilie i-leid to rose,

Þæt nawhit ne þuhte hit

Þæt ha weren deade."—(St. Kath. l. 1432.)

"Saide Laverd of Basan torne, torne sal I,

In depnesse of þe se for-þi;

Þat þi fote be lited in blode o lim,

Þe tunge of þi hundes fra faas of him."—(Ps. lxvii. 24.)

He wept, and said that "wild beasts

Have my son swallowed here."

His clothes rent, in hair (cloth) shrouded,

Long mourning and sorrow is him befallen.

"Þai sal be, als þe appocalips spekes,

In harde hayres clende and in sekkes."

—(Hampole's P. of C., 4530.)

1980 hertedin, consoled; literally encouraged him (to hope that his son was still alive). 1982 herting = consolation. 1989 skiuden for skinden = went. 1992 They made quickly a gainful covenant. 1995 wol = wel = very.

But he became then so naturally cold,

To do such deed had he no power.

2004 The author of the poem seems to have confounded Potiphar with Poti-pherah, the priest of On. (See Gen. xli. 45.)

P. 58. l. 2011 an heg for and heg = and high. 2015 One and stille, alone and secretly. 2019 Provided that he would with her wanton; wile seems to be the same as wigele, to play, sport. May we not supply plaige, play, before wile? 2020 But what she desired was displeasing to him. 2024 But it was to him all alike displeasing. 2025 tgeld = tyeld = tent. Cf. tilt (of a cart). 2030 god = goð = goes.

And saith Joseph would do to her,

What she might not prove (or bring) against him.

The blame is his, the right is hers,

May God almighty discern the truth.

"Forr nass nohht Sannt Johan ȝët ta

Intill cwarrterrne worrpenn."—(Orm. ii. 270.)

2044 in hagt, in sorrow. We might translate ll. 2042-4 as follows:—"The gaoler did love him, and hath entrusted him the prison to live in care with the prisoners." 2045 on-sagen = un-sagen = O.E. mis-saw, opprobrious language. 2047 One that the king's cup presented (the butler). 2049-50 onigt = anigt, by night; o-frigt = afrigt, in fright, affrighted. 2054 Hard (troublesome) dreams would cause that (i. e. cause them to mourn). 2057 softe or strong = pleasant or unpleasant. 2058 The interpretation will on (to) God belong. 2059 win-tre, a vine.

"Me thoght I sagh a win-tre,

A bogh þar was wit branches thre;

{155}O þis tre apon ilk bogh,

Me thoght hang winberis inogh."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 26.)

2060 That had full grown boughs three; waxen = full grown, explains Shakespear's man of wax. 2061 First it bloomed, and afterwards bore. 2062 Of the berries ripe became I aware. 2073 Present my petition (intercede for me) to Pharaoh; herdne = ernde. Cf. O.E. wordle = world.

"Bute heore almesdede

heore ernde schal bere."

But their alms-deed

Shall intercede for them.

—(O.E. Miscell. p. 164.)

2075 kinde lond, native land. 2076 And here wrongfully held in bond; wrigteleslike = wrigte-les-like, fault-less-ly; wrigte = wrihhte, a fault, crime.

"For niss nohht Godess griþþ wiþþ þa

Þatt wiþþrenn Godd onnȝæness,

Acc helle-wawenn iss till þa

All affterr þeȝȝre wrihhte."—(Orm. i. 136.)

P. 60. l. 2077 liðeð nu me, listen now to me. 2078 bread-lepes = bread-baskets. Cf. O.E. bar-lepe, a basket for keeping barley in. See Townley Myst., p. 329; Wicliffe, Exod. ii. 3. Leep, or baskett (lepp. K). Sporta, calathus, corbis.—(Prompt. Parv.)

It were preferable to me (I had rather) quoth Joseph,

Tell the meaning of pleasant dreams.

2086 rechen = recken = to tell, explain; swep = force, stroke. Cf. the use of bond, wold, ll. 2114, 2122. 2088 ben do[n] on rode, be put on the cross (be crucified).

And fowls shall tear away thy flesh,

That no wealth shall be able to save thee.

2094 wið-uten erd, in a foreign land. 2105 On a bush full grown and very beautiful (seasonable? well-seasoned, prime?). 2107 welkede = withered. drugte numen, seized with drought (dryness).

P. 61. l. 2114 Who could explain the meaning of these dreams. 2119 ðo hogt. Is hogt an error for logt = lagt, taken, or for sogt = sought? 2122 ðis dremes wold = this dream's meaning. Wold signifies (1) power, (2) force, (3) meaning. 2130 nedful = grievous; the O.E. ned often signifies grief, trouble. 2132 rospen and raken, rasp and rake, diminish and scatter. The Swedish raka signifies to clip, shave, shear. 2134 laðes, barns. (See note to l. 1919.) Chaucer uses the word in the Reve's Tale. "Berne or lathe, Horreum."—(Prompt. Parv.) 2136 hungri gere, famine years. 2146 so to-bar, so falsely accused him. (See baren in l. 1912.) In the Castle of Love to-beren = disagree; to-boren, at enmity, l. 49.

The seven years of plenty pass away.

Joseph himself knew how to provide beforehand.

2161 for nede sogt, sought, come by compulsion. (See l. 2165.) 2163 he lutten him, they did obeisance to him.

Joseph knew them all in his thought (mind),

He made as if he knew them not.

2178 bi gure bering, by your behaviour. 2181 For seldom betideth even any king.

For then was Joseph sore afraid

That he were also through them deceived.

"He said, 'Forsothe, a tokyne to wedde

Salle thou lefe with me.'"—(Sir Perceval of Galles, p. 19.)

2204 Wrigtful = sinful. (See note to l. 2076.) 2209 For we denied him mercy; werneden = denied, refused.

"God schewes in his godspelle

Of þe riche man and laȝarus,

How þat he warned him almus,

Þarfor God warned him agayne

A drope of water, to sloken his payne

In þe fire of helle when he was þan."

—(Cott. MS. Tib. E. vii., fol. 37.)

2214 pilt = O.E. pult, thrown, placed (R. of Gloucester, 3376, 459; Lay le Freine, 136).

P. 64. l. 2219 ouer-ðogt, over-anxious. 2224 ðo agtes = the monies. 2232 Death and sorrow come on me; segeð = sigeð, cometh, alighteth, falleth.

"& þi wracche (wretched) saule

[Scal] siȝen to helle."—(Laȝ. ii. 186.)

Then quoth Judah, "It will go hard with us,

If we do not keep our agreement with him."

Famine increased, this corn is gone,

Jacob again biddeth them go again (to Egypt).

Then quoth he, "When (since) it is necessary,

And I know no better plan."

2249 God grant that he may be kindly disposed (towards you); eði-modes = eðe-moded (see note to l. 1584). 2252 ligt = soon; literally easily, without difficulty. 2254 Kind thought (natural affection) was in his heart then; ðag = ða = ðo = then, is necessary for the sense and the rhyme.

"He lætte bi sæ flode

ȝearkien scipen gode."—(Laȝ. i. 111.)

2258 None of them had then merry cheers (countenances). 2262 ur non, none of us; ur should be properly ure. Cf. l. 2260, where we have gur for gure.

Very glad (fain) he was of their coming,

For he was held there as a prisoner.

to nome may have the same signification as the phrase to wedde = as hostage, as security; nome (nom?), derived from nimen, to take, capture, signifies seizure. Cf. wop from wepe (weep), grot from grete (lament, cry), lop (flee) from lepe (leap, run), etc. 2269 vndren time = A.Sax. undern-tid; vndren is the Prov. aandorn, oandurth, orndorn. It literally denotes {157}"the intervening period, which accounts for its sometimes denoting a part of the forenoon, or a meal taken at that time, and sometimes a period between noon and sunset."—(Garnett.) 2275 And he willingly accepted it. 2279 Know I that none of them but what trembles.

Soon he went out, and secretly he wept,

That all his face became wet with tears.

After that weeping, he washed his face.

P. 66. l. 2295 of euerilc sonde, of every dish, of every mess; sond signifies a dish, mess, meal. S.Sax. sonden, sunde, viands.

"wanliche (bad) weoren þa sonden."—(Laȝ. iii. 32.)

"þas beorn þa sunde

(þes beare þe sondes)

from kuchene to þan kinge."—(Laȝ. ii. 611.)

"Hwer beoð þine disches

midd þine swete sonde?"—(O.E. Miscell., p. 174.)

2297 In abundance they became glad. 2302 ðeden = peoples. 2311 weren ... went = had gone. 2316 vn-selðehe = vnselðe, misfortune, evil.

"Her waas unnseollþe unnride inoh

Till an mann forr to dreȝhenn."—(Orm. i. 165.)

"Ah ich heom singe, for ich wolde

That hi wel understonde schulde

That sum unselthe heom is i-hende (near)."

—(Owl and Nightingale, p. 43.)

Later writers use the word in the sense of wickedness. (See Shoreham's Poems, p. 43.) 2314 bi-calleð, accuses. See Ywain and Gawin, p. 21, l. 491. 2318 gure on = one of you. 2320 vp = vpe = upon.

"Moni of þisse riche

þat wereden foh and grei,

An rideþ uppe stede

and uppen palefrai,

Heo schulen atte dome,

suggen weilawei."—(O.E. Miscell., p. 164.)

P. 67. l. 2335 Provided that thou spare Benjamin. 2341 so e gret = so he gret, so he wept. 2342 That all his face became wet of (with) tears. See l. 2356. 2354 sundri = on-sundri, apart. 2356 Ilc here, each of them.

P. 68. l. 2367 twinne srud, two changes of raiment. 2369 fif weden, five garments. 2373 wið semes fest, with burdens loaded. 2380 He knew not who they were (on account of their princely garments). 2384 All Egypt in his power is placed (fixed). 2390 or ic of werlde chare, ere I from the world go (turn) = ere I die.

P. 69. l. 2399 derer, an error for derë = beloved. 2400 How many years are on thee. 2403 fo = few; O.E. fowe. Cp. Northern fon, few, in Hampole's P. of C. 2404 Although I have passed (suffered) them in woe. 2406 her vten erd = here in foreign lands. See l. 2410. 2412 seli mel, good sustenance (food). Cf. l. 1542. 2416 y-oten = y-hoten, called.

So was it pleasing to him to be laid,

Where the Holy Ghost secretly had said

{158}To him and his elders, far ere before,

Where Jesus Christ would be born,

And where be dead, and where be buried.

Joseph caused his body to be honourably prepared (for burial),

To be washed, richly anointed,

And with spices to be scented.

Smaken usually signifies to taste, savour, but here means to scent, to be scented. Smac in the Owl and Night., 821, is used for scent, while in the Ayenbite of Inwyt it has the sense of flavour.

"Zalt yefþ smac to þe mete."

And Egypt's folk him bewaked,

Forty nights and forty days,

Such were Egypt's laws;

The first nine nights the bodies they bathe,

And anoint, and shroud, and bewail

And watch them afterwards forty nights.

And Hebrew folk had a custom,

Not immediately to bury it with iron,

But to wash it (the corpse) and keep it right,

Without anointing, seven nights,

And afterwards (keep it) anointed thirty days.

2452 yre = iron; O.E. ire, iren (Owl and Night. 1028). The form ize, iron, is also met with in O.E. writers. (See Ayenbite, pp. 110, 133.) 2454 smerles, ointment, belongs to the same class of words as feteles, a vessel, reckeles, incense, etc. "þe smeryels ne is naȝt worþ to hele þe wonde ne non oþer þing þer huile þet þet yzen is þerinne."—(Ayenbite, p. 174.)

For truth and with good deeds,

Done is then all that watch-deed.

2460 wech-dede, vigils. 2463 And some every year as it happens or comes round. 2465 Do for the dead church-going; chirche-gong = church-going.

"Þe gret cyte of Medes suþþe afure he (William) sette,

Vor me (one) ne myȝte non chyrche gong wyþ out lyȝte do."

—(R. of Gloucester, p. 380.)

P. 71. l. 2472 daiges is evidently an error for laiges, laws. See l. 2456. 2479 wis of here[n], skilful in arms. 2487 ouer-pharan = ouer-faren, pass over or beyond Pharan. 2488 in biriele don, put into the tomb. "And whanne Jhesus hadde comen over the water at the cuntre of men of Genazereth, twey men havynge develis runnen to him, goynge out fro birielis (tombs), ful feerse, or wickid, so that no man miȝte passe by that way."—(Wicliffe, St. Matt. viii. 28.) 2498 To beðen meðe, to supplicate for mercy; beðen may be an error for beden, to entreat, bedden oc = beoden oth = to offer oath [of obedience].

"It shall," quoth he, "be fulfilled

What God before hath to our elders sworn;

{159}He shall lead you in his hand

Hence to that promised land;

For God's love I yet entreat you;

Perform it (my prayer) then, promise it now

That my petition shall not be lost (sight of);

With you let my bones be borne.

2510 Lested = lesteð, perform. 2514 God bring the soul into bliss. 2516 egipte-like, after the custom of the Egyptians. 2521 to ful in wis = to ful-iwis, very full (completely), indeed. See l. 109. Orm uses the word fuliwis, ful iwiss, fuliȝwiss, in the sense of certainly, truly. See Gloss. to Orm, s. v. fuliwis. 2524 for lefful soules ned, for the need of faithful souls. 2528 May God help him kindly (joyfully). For the meaning of weli see Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. wely. 2529 And preserve his soul from sorrow and tears. 2532 God grant them in his bliss to have pleasure; spilen signifies to sport, live pleasantly.

"Þan was Uortigerne þa king

in Cantuarie-buri.

Þer he mid his hirede,

hæhliche spilede (nobly diverted themselves)."

—(Laȝ. ii. 153.)

"dâ was spil unde wunne

under wîben unde manne.

vone benche ze benche

hiez man allûteren wîn scenchen:

Si spilten unde trunchan

unz in iz der slâf binam."

—(M.H.G. version of Genesis and Exodus, ed. Deimer.)

P. 73. l. 2544 hatel, severe, cruel. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. Hatel. 2546 seli sið, prosperity. 2547 Quoth (spoke) this king with them, secretly, in council. 2548 michil sped = great speed, rapidly. 2553 feten seems to be an error for seten, made. 2555 vn-ðewed swinc, unaccustomed (extraordinary) labour; vn-ðewed also signifies immoral, wicked. See Orm. i. 74, Allit. Poems, B, l. 190. 2556 fugel = ful, foul, loathsome. 2560 They caused them to creep along (or through) dikes; dikes = O.E. diches, may here signify subterraneous passages, burrows; or perhaps dikes = sewers, from the allusion to muc and fen. "And Jhesus said to him, Foxes han dichis, or borowis, and briddis of the eir han nestis, but mannes sone hath not where he reste his heued."-(Wicliffe, St. Matt. viii. 20.)

And wide about (through) the cities to go,

And come where none had been before.

P. 74. l. 2575 But they disobeyed from fear of God. 2578 They defended themselves with lies.

God requited it these women well,

On their homes, their wealth, a happy time.

eddi sel is, literally, pleasant time, but may here denote prosperity, success, etc. 2583 opelike = openlike, openly. 2588 Abraham is an error for Amram, i.e. Amram was Moses' first name. 2590 dreful and bleð, {160}sorrowful and afraid; bleð. In A.Sax. bleað = gentle, slow; blæt = miserable; the S.Sax. blæð = destitute, poor; bliðere, cowardlier. 2594 Nor could she take him stealthily (secretly) of (from) the water; or stelen may signify to still, to quiet. 2595 rigesses = rushes. Cf. Sc. reesk, reyss. 2596 terred = tarred, pitched.

God had such beauty him given,

That the very foes let him live.

Egypt's women came near,

And bad her leave the child there,

But she took it away with a cry (scream);

Of their command took she no heed.

2613-4 he = ghe = she. It cannot be the plural he = they, for this would require namen instead of nam. 2621 On whose teat (paps) he soon hath seized. 2629 on sunes stede, instead of a son. See l. 2637. 2639 ayne [= ane] stund, one minute. 2644 ðis timing = this occurrence, this timely assistance.

If help had not run between

This child had then soon been killed.

2650-8 He said, "The child doth as he knows (i. e. acts according to the extent of his knowledge); we shall now learn whether it did this wittingly, or in childishness." He offered this child two burning coals, and he took them; how was he able to bear it? and in his mouth so deep he placed them, that his tongue's end is burnt therewith; therefore said the Hebrews truly that he afterwards spake indistinctly. This legend is thus given in Lady Eastlake's Life of Our Lord:—"Therefore when he (Moses) was three years of age she (Thermutis) brought him to Pharaoh, who caressed him, and in sport, put the crown on his head, when the child eagerly pulled it off, and dashed it to the ground; for it is said that the crown was engraved within with figures of idols, which Moses instinctively abominated.... Those around Pharaoh looked upon it as a bad omen, and they counselled the king that he should be slain; but another counsellor said that he should be pardoned, because he was too young to know right from wrong; and a third counsellor said, 'There is in this child something miraculous and uncommon. Cause, therefore, a burning coal and a ruby ring to be set before him; and if he take the ring it will show that he knows right from wrong, and then let him be destroyed, lest he spoil the kingdom of Egypt. But if he take up the burning coal, it will show that he is too young to know right from wrong, and then let his life be spared.' Then the king said, 'Let the hot burning coal and the king's signet ring (which was a large shining ruby) be placed side by side, and we shall see what he will do.' And immediately the child stretched out his hand to take the signet ring; but the angel Gabriel (who instantly took the form of one of the attendants) turned his hand aside, and the child Moses took up the burning coal, and put it to his mouth, and his tongue was burnt therewith, so that he was unable afterwards to speak distinctly, even to the end of his days." 2652 childhede; "ac zeþþe ich com to elde of vol man, ich vorlet alle mine childhedes."—(Ayenbite, p. 208.) 2653 brennen = brennende, burning; to = two. 2654-5 is = them. 2658 miserlike = {161}S.Sax. misliche, variously, differently; and, hence, thickly, indistinctly. The form miser-like may be a corruption of the A.Sax. missen-lic, dissimilar. Misliche in Owl and Nightingale, l. 1771, signifies erroneously. 2662 b[i]leph = bi-lef, remained.

By that time that he was a youth (young man)

With (for) beauty and strength renowned,

The Ethiopian folk on Egypt came,

And burnt, and slew, and vengeance took.

Teremuth scarcely might bring it about (prevail)

That Moses shall with them forth-go,

Ere she have her pledged and sworn,

That to him shall be borne (kept) honourable faith.

2676 hire, an error for hem, them. 2677 he = ghe = she. 2680 were (a substantive from weren, to defend), a defender, protector. Cf. dere, harm, from deren, to hurt.

P. 77. l. 2682 vn-warnede, unexpected. This enables us to correct the reading unwarde in l. 480. 2688 ut-ðhurg = out-through, throughout. Cf. O.E. ut-with, without, in-with, within, etc. 2696 Nevertheless that sojourn was very distasteful to him. 2701 meten is the p.p. of mete, to measure. 2702 This causes remembrance, the other causes forgetfulness. 2703 He fest is = he fixed them. 2704 Gave her the first gem; he was kind to her. Two lines seem missing after this line. We might supply the following:—

And quan awei nimen [faren] he wolde

Gaf hire ðe toðer, he was hire colde.

And when he would go away, he gave her the other gem, and was distasteful to her. 2708 e = he. 2712 a modi stiward, a moody (proud) steward. 2714 That seemed to Moses a great shame.

And secretly he buried him in the sand,

He weened that no Egyptian

Had known it, or should have seen it.

2720 a sen may signify 'have seen.' Northumbrian ha, to have; but more probably we should read a-sen, to see, the infinitive being required after sulde, so that sulde a-sen = should see. In the Romans of King Alysaundre asen occurs as the p.p. of a-see, to see. Cf. our modern words wake and awake, rise and arise, etc. These double forms were far more common in O.E. writers than in the modern stage of our language. 2727 And enquired of him what it should mean. 2730 to rad, too hasty. 2736 his weige ðeðen ches = chose (took) his way thence.

P. 79. l. 2757 ðewe and wursipe, courtesy and honour. 2758 estdede, kindly deed (actions). (See Owl and Nightingale, l. 997.) Esste mete occurs in the Ormulum for delicate meat (food), etc.

"Ac thar lond is bothe este and god."

—(Owl and Nightingale, p. 36, l. 1029.)

2764 To wife in law he her took; in lage = in law, in marriage, is an early use of a common phrase. 2769 And Moses had gone on a time. 2771 To look after the condition of the herds. 2775 brennen = brennende. See l. 2653. 2776 And nevertheless green and whole remained. {162}2783 in min geming, under my care (protection). 2788 milche, milk; queðen, to promise.

P. 80. l. 2789 an = in. 2790 on hond = on-hond, soon, speedily. Ger. in die hand. (See Laȝ. vol. ii. pp. 96, 106, 251, 264.) 2792 to ðan, to that = for that purpose. 2797 If he refuse it and be there-to contrary. 2803 to token, for a token (sign). Cf. to wedde, for a pledge, etc. 2812 fer, sound, and hence unfer (l. 2810), diseased. (See Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, l. 103; Ormulum, i. 41, 153, 212.) 2815 get = pour (see l. 582). 2817 wanmol = un-eloquent; wan occurs in O.E. wan-hope, despair; wan-trauthe, disbelief; mol is the same as moal (speech) in l. 81, p. 3; vn-reken = un-ready, slow. (See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. reken.) 2822 Who made the blind, and who the looking (seeing)? 2824 fultum, aid, assistance.

Þa cristine liðen after,

and heom on læiden,

& cleopeden Crist, godes sune,

beon heom a fultume.

The Christians pursued after,

and laid on them,

and called Christ, God's Son,

To be to them in aid (to help them).

—(Laȝ. ii. 264.)

P. 81. l. 2828 vnsteken, disclose. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. Steke. 2830 Gunc = you two. See Orm. i. 301; ii. 98. 2831 funden; O.E. founde, to go, occurs in Allit. Poems, p. 63, l. 903. 2834 of liues = alive. 2838 is werkes len, reward of his works. 2845 feren swike, unfaithful companions, that is, his two sons who were uncircumcised. he = they, refers to Moses and his wife. 2847-50 Zipporah took this young lad, and made him to have circumcision, and wept, and turned back frightened, and let Moses forth alone proceed. 2855 Eyðer [h]ere = each of them. 2856 haueð is herte vt-dragen = hath his heart out-drawn. Cf. our expression, to unbosom oneself, with the Ger. sein herz anschütten.

I defended so that thou wast rescued,

And laboured, and great sorrow endured,

Yet is it unseen (is it a secret) how I accomplished it?

2882 hidel-like (= hidingly), secretly. Cf. O.E. hidel, a hiding place (Ps. xxvi. 5). 2890 to gode, for good, gratuitously. 2891-2 And yet they hold (keep up) the number of the tiles (bricks), and knead and bake (them), great and small. 2894 And to God he made his complaint (bemoaning).

P. 83. l. 2900 ðhunerg = ðuner; O.E. thoner, thunder. 2903 Min milche witter name may signify (1) my great wise name, or (2) my merciful wise name. In (1) milche = michel = mikel, great; but in (2) it = milce, mild, merciful. See l. 3603. 2918 Iglic = uglic, ugly, horrible. 2919 wiches kire, select (choice) witches. 2920 in sowles lire, in soul's loss. 2926 And the heads of them all he bit off.

P. 84. l. 2934 wit = we two. See Orm. vii. 73, H. i. 4, 300. 2935-6 This king himself is very bitter against this folk, and of heart hard. 2938 And try better with this token. 2947 trike, a rivulet, small stream, evidently connected with the verb trick-le. 2951 wreche = wreke, vengeance, plague. Cf. michel and mikel, dike and diche, etc. 2957 bot = boot, release, deliverance, is connected with O.E. bete, to amend, to alleviate. 2962 bi-tournen = biturnen, turn, change.

Pole-heads (tadpoles) and frogs, and sport of podes (toads),

Bound hard Egypt's wretched folk.

in sile = vn-sile = vn-sele, miserable, wretched. Stratmann says that sile = sele, epirhedium. Polheuedes (Provincial Eng. pole-head), a tadpole. Palsgrave has polet. Polly-wigs, tadpoles. "Tadpoles, pole-wigges, young frogs." (Florio, p. 212.) Pol-wygle, wyrme, occurs in the Prompt. Parv. (Hall.); pode = Prov. E. pode, paddock, a toad (Shakespeare); W. Prov. E. padstool = toadstool. (See King Alis. 6124.)

"ðare nakyn best of wenym may

Lywe, or lest atoure a day;

As ask, or eddyre, táde or pade,

Suppos þat þai be þiddyr hade."—(Wyntown, i. p. 15.)

2988 up-wond = up-went, but literally up-wound. 2989 on bite, in their bite. 2990 smite, a blight, plague.

P. 86. l. 3011 bad meðe, entreated for mercy. 3013 wroð = worð = wurð, became. 3014 And broke them that promise (see l. 3062). 3027 dolc = O.E. dolg, wound, ulcer. O.E. dolc = pin, tongue. 3037 ðe to un-frame, to thy sorrow.

P. 87. l. 3045 al sir = all sheer, clearly, openly. 3047 vnghere may be an error for undere = badly, or, what is more probable, for vngere = unready, unexpectedly, gere being the same as gare, yare, ready, prepared. 3048 bergles = unprotected, shelterless, from bergen, to protect.

Moses, cause this weather to turn,

And I shall let you out fare (go).

3058 vnweder, storm. See ll. 3059, 3061. Weder in O.E. is often used for a tempest, storm. See Ywaine and Gawin, 411; Wyntown, i. 387; Romaunt of the Rose, 72, 4302. atwond, departed = away-wound, or away winded. Cf. at in at-wot, departed, p. 30, l. 1049. 3065 gresseopp-e, grasshopp-e-r, locust. Cf. O.E. hunt-e, a hunt-e-r, etc.

"And to lefe-worm þar fruit gaf he,

And þar swynkes (labours) to gress-hope to be."

—(Ps. lxxvii. 46.)

P. 88. l. 3075 but, without exception (?). 3077 Hu = how? 3080 Erewhile alone of men was leave besought. 3086 an newe figt, in a new conflict. 3087 skipperes, the grasshoppers. See l. 3096, where opperes is similarly used. 3088 They did on grass and corn injuries. 3102 ðherknesse = derknesse, darkness, is a genuine form, and occurs in the Coventry Mysteries:—"Therknesse, or derknesse, tenebre, caligo."—(Prompt. Parv.) 3105 Many there suffered sorrow in life; bead = abead, suffered. 3108 sowen = sogen, saw. See l. 3329.

P. 89. l. 3111 boden = both. See bothen in Glossary to Morte Arthure, ed. E. Brock. 3120 Death shall be avenged over you.

Said God, "Yet I shall on Pharaoh,

Ere ye go out, put a plague

(Now I shall into Egypt go)—

Such a plague was never any before."

I shall not fail you

Of what I have promised you.

The tenth day it should be taken,

And kept on the tenth night,

And slain on the fourteenth day.

3144 so it noten mai, as may partake of it; noten = O.E. note, naite, to make use of, enjoy, eat.

P. 90. l. 3147 bred = O.E. brad, roasted. (See Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, l. 891.) 3148 wreken, taken, thrown out. "God nele naȝt þet me make, his hous marcat ne boþe, huerout he wrek þo þet zyalde and boȝte in þe temple."—(Ayenbite, p. 172.) 3150 his owen fond, his own wants (need). 3153 wriðel; can it mean haste? (see Ex. xii. 11.) At first sight it seems to be a derivative of wirt (by metathesis writ), an herb; but the mention of rew mete[n] in l. 3151 renders this rather doubtful. 3154 bi-leuen, the remainder. O.E. lave, leve, the remainder. 3155 dure-tren = door-trees, posts.

"For James the gentile

Jugged in hise bokes

That feith withouten the feet

Is right nothyng worthi

And as ded as a dore-tre

But if the dedes folwe."

—(Piers Ploughman, 833.)

uuerslagen = overslagen, ouerslage, over-piece, lintel. "Ovyrslay of a doore. superliminare."—(Prompt. Parv.) 3172 For their toil they now have hire.

P. 91. l. 3206 fro = for, on account of. 3211 stunden does not mean stood, but is a vb. (formed from the sb. stund, a stound, a short space of time) signifying to delay awhile, to wait. 3212 How Pharaoh should act toward them. 3213 Pharaoh summoned (assembled) out his army; bannen = to call to arms.

"Þa bleou Brutus

& bonnede [bannede] his ferde."

Then blew Brutus his horn

And assembled his forces.

—(Laȝ. i. 75.)

P. 92. l. 3220 to werchen wi, to work war, to make war upon. 3224 ne gate = no gate, no ways; gate is often used by Northern writers as an affix = -wise or -ways; as al-gate, thus-gate, etc. 3230 On (against) Moses they set up a cry. 3234 Supply don after gu. 3235 dregen wið skil, endure with patience. 3240 That for you ways (paths) may be well prepared.

P. 93. l. 3255 an skige, a cloud. Cf. Milton's 'sky-tinctured' (Paradise Lost, Book V.).

"..... it ne left not a skie

In al the welkin long and brode."

—(House of Fame, iii. 508-511.)

3264 daiening = daigening, dawning. 3271 in twired wen, in perplexing doubt; twired signifies two-fold (doubtful) counsel.

"and [Bruttes] duden swiðe vnwraste

...... alle his haste,

and weoren alle twiræde."

And Brutus did very evilly

all his behests,

and all were of two counsels.

—(Laȝ. ii. 392.)

3274 helden, an error for holden. 3275 a morgen quile, a morrow while, a minute. 3282 weken seems to be an error for wreken, taken (see l. 3148.)

P. 94. l. 3292 pert = apert, open, clear. 3300 wlath, the reading of the MS., = lað, loathsome. But wlach = brackish, properly warm; cp. luke-warm. 3301 a funden (discovered) trew = a tree which he found. 3310 bred wantede, bread failed.

Bet us were in egipte ben,

It were better for us in Egypt to be.

P. 95. l. 3327 ðis dewes cost, the nature of this dew. For the meaning of cost see O.E. Miscell., pp. 12, 25; Allit. Poems, p. 66; Chaucer's Knight's Tale. 3328 rim frost = rime frost, hoar frost. 3338 for-hadede. Read ? for-hardede, hardened. 3340 That it gave a flavour of honey and oil. 3341 forbone mor, more than was bidden; forbone may be an error for forbode, prohibition, command; or we may read (and the MS. will admit of it) forboue, above. Cf. bi and for-bi, etc. 3345 Kept it apart in a clean place. 3348 vten leð = in a foreign land; withouten let = without cessation. 3353 Soon was that water wanting to them. 3354 MS. haue; the rhyme requires hane; ðrist hane signifies torment of thirst.

P. 96. l. 3378 here ðing, their affairs. 3381 Moses prayed for the folk of Israel. 3385 For leth is read let his. 3388 They supported them with a stone. 3393 bode seems wanting after sente. 3394 Of this occurrence to have a memorial.

P. 97. l. 3398 min blis. Jehovah-nissi is generally explained as "The Lord is my banner." 3410 stering, government, rule; stere in ll. 3418, 3420, rule; steres, rulers, ll. 3413, 3415; steres-men, rulers, ll. 3417, 3429. 3412 a meister wold, a master (head) ruler, the same as ouer-man, l. 3424. 3413 tgen = tyen, ten. See l. 3418. 3414 Ilc here, each of them. 3429-32 He bad them choose rulers, mighty, who are God-fearing, truth-loving, and who strife and covetousness forsake. 3432 niðing signifies not only strife, but niggardliness, wickedness, slaughter, etc. O.E. writers usually employ the word in the sense of a coward, villain, miser, etc.

P. 98. l. 3434 And willingly (gladly) he received (accepted) it. 3438 is numen, has gone. 3448 May we not read Ic wile min folc cnowen be = I will be known to my people?

And Moses told this to Israel,

And they promised him every whit

What he biddeth them they will do.

3453 ðis to daiges = these two days. 3458 wið goren dragen = pierced with darts.

"heo beoren on heore honde

gares [speres], swiðe stronge."

—(Laȝ. iii. 44.)

These people fearful thus abode,

While these days forth have passed.

3462 Spile, ravage, destruction (see l. 2977). 3463 On this mount stood a cloud's shadow; and = an = a (see l. 3475).

P. 99. l. 3471-84 Each of you bear in mind, that it is not Moses, Amram's son, whom ye shall to-day hear speak, but He who slew Egypt (you for to avenge), and a path made in the sea; and who let Adam discover the tree which preserved Noah, and led Abraham out into the land of Canaan; who caused Isaac to be begotten of old Abraham and of Sarah (of old teats); who gave Isaac (Jacob?) so many sons, and who gave Joseph such rich gifts (abilities); let His word be to you as precious as life, dearer than either child or wife.

None might go further except Nun,

And also his brother Aaron.

3489 on = one. It may be an error for oc = also. 3496 My vengeance is severe, my forbearance is long. 3497 in idel, in vain; idel in O.E. signifies empty, void. 3498-3500 Nor swear it lyingly to defile in sport, Nor let thou my honour be lost in the fiend's tempting (i. e. in yielding to the devil's advice).

P. 100. l. 3508 for truke of = for failure of, for want of. 3515 Covet not thy neighbour's thing. 3518 Thou losest everlasting bliss. 3519 figeren = fiyeren = feren, afar. 3533 nemeld = nemend = nemned, named, appointed (?).

P. 101. l. 3545-6 That mad folk there of day brought Hur (i. e. put Hur to death) and put Aaron in fear; 'to don of dawe' = to bringen of dage = put to death. (See Legend of St. Beket, l. 622; Allit. Poems, p. 9, l. 282.)

"For quen the childe es born, sal I

Do it of daw sa priuely,

That na wiht sal the squeling here,

And delf it sithen in our herbere."—(Met. Hom. p. 167.)

P. 102. l. 3573 for gode is frequently employed by Chaucer. 3574 It is a song wicked and foolish.

And mixed it in the water and poured it off,

And gave that folk that draff (dregs) to drink.

Cf. O.E. draff, chaff. "Draffe or drosse, or mater stampyd, pilumen." (Prompt. Parv.) Cf. "draf-sak." (Chaucer.)

Then wist he well who had done it (committed idolatry),

Seen it (the dregs) was on their beards.

God answered, "Off shall I take them,

Who are not worthy to be placed thereon."

P. 103. l. 3611 to pligt, for their sin. 3614 And as sun-beam bright shone his features. 3624 wið witter dragt, with skilful device. 3626 And their labour they well apply. 3635 of lore wal, of choice lore. 3637 betten = beten, amend, from bet, better. 3640 Ere they from Sinai forth have passed. 3642 ðe oðer, the second.

P. 104. l. 3647 This folk has after pleasure gone. 3653 Moses caused it to cease {167}with his prayer. See note on blissen, p. 182. 3658 for-hirked = for-irked, tired. 3661 Loruerd = louerd, lord. 3664 Thou shalt cause me quickly to suffer death. 3676 And brought a great mint of quails; but turles = turtles, doves. See Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 181.

P. 105. l. 3688 There became Miriam somewhat foolish; soth = sott, a fool (see l. 3685). 3710 A bunch of grapes on a long pole; O.E. cowele, cowle, a coop, tub, etc.; Prov. E. cowl; cuuel-staf signifies the staff or pole upon which the people carried their kneading troughs. This interpretation is supported by the form cowle-tre or soo-tree. Falanga, vectatorium. (Prompt. Parv.) "Phalanga est hasta, vel quidam baculus ad portandas cupas, Anglice a stang, or a culstaffe."—(Ortus.) "Courge, a stang, pale-staffe, or cole-staffe, carried on the shoulder, and notched for the hanging of a pale at both ends."—(Cotgrave.) In Caxton's Mirrour of the World, c. 10, A.D. 1481, it is related that in Ynde "the clusters of grapes ben so grete and so fulle of muste, that two men ben gretly charged to bere one of them only upon a cole-staff." In Hoole's translation of the Orbis sensualium, by Comenius, 1658, is given a representation of the cole-staff (ærumna), used for bearing a burden between two persons, p. 135; and again, at p. 113, where it appears as used by brewers to carry to the cellar the new-made beer in "soes," or tubs with two handles (labra), called also cowls. In Brand's "Popular Antiquities," ii. 107, will be found an account of the local custom of riding the cowl-staff or stang (Way in Prompt. Parv.)

P. 106. l. 3721 swerdes slagen, slain of (with) sword. 3723 loder-man = lodesman, leader. A leader we will choose (take); sen = bi-sen. 3730 If Moses were not opposed there-to. 3732 milche = milce, mercy, pity. See l. 3728, where the correct form occurs. 3740 Their righteousness was pleasing to God. 3742 sorwes dere = sorrow's hurt.

Again (backwards) they made their course,

As that cloud had taught.

P. 107. l. 3755 migtful qualifies meistres in l. 3756. 3760-61 ilc gure, each of you. Cf. quilc gure, which of you, l. 3764. 3761 reklefat, incense vat, the vessel holding the incense, censer. See Orm. i. 2, 35, 58. 3762 timinge seems to be an error for time ge, wait ye. 3767 orgel pride, arrogant pride. Cf. orrȝhellmod, pride (Orm. i. 216). "Ichabbe isehen his ouergart, ant his egede orhel ferliche afallet."—(St. Marh. p. 11.) I have seen his presumption and his arrogance fearfully felled. 3770 Instead of the reading in the text substitute the following: Moyses, and vt ne wulde gon; vr seems to be an error for vt = out. See Numbers xvi. 12. 3774 Held up neither stone nor grit. I do not think ston ne gret = strong ne gret = strong nor great.

Such destruction they have unexpectedly

No man need labour to bury them

This earth is together closed

As it were never ere broken up.

P. 108. l. 3796 There hath a cloud them well girded. 3802 Ran and stood between the living and the dead; tiren seems, from the way it is written in the MS., to be an error for tuen = twen, between. 3807-14 Though this folk, much frightened, remained quiet for a time, nevertheless they {168}are yet in diverse counsels (i. e. of conflicting opinions). Moreover, they vacillate in purpose, and think that it may be decided better. Though these burnt (i. e. those destroyed by fire) are refused, yet they ween that God shall take of the twelve tribes some more to be in the place of those whom he had despised (rejected). miðe is the pret. subj. of miðen = A.S. míðan (pret. mád, pl. midon; pret. subj. mide), to lie hid, to avoid, omit, hide, dissemble. 3809 aglen = aylen = ail, become weak or foolish. 3814 for-hugede, despised, rejected.

"Ah Gurmund hit for-hoȝede

And habbe he heo nolde."—(Laȝ. iii. 156.)

"For niss nan mann þatt uss birrþ att

Forrhoȝhenn god to lernenn."—(Orm. ii. 107.)

P. 109. l. 3824. The name of the tribe which shall thereto belong. 3826 Which tribe he desires this service to be on.

Here and there (yonder) there they buried lie,

All the old (ones) did there end (i. e. died).

God bad assemble the folk and go,

And before them smite on the stone.

3880 costful, dangerous. See Met. Hom. p. xix, where far-cost = a dangerous voyage. 3884 wente of liwe = turned from life = died. 3887 in = hin = hine, him.

P. 111. l. 3924 The sense requires us to read, for to stillen his vn-eðe mod, for to quiet his uneasy (disturbed) mind.

In the night a message came to him from God,

And a prohibition against this king's counsel.

3941 me goue hold = should give me faithfully; hold = holde = faithfully, truly. 3945 Oc or or = but first ere. 3951 And turned his heart on worse thought. 3958 And beat and turned it to the path; sti, path, way. "ðes is forðon ðeðe gecuoeden wæs ðerh esaias ðone witgo cuoeðende: stefn cliopende in woestern gearuas woeg drihtnes, ræhta doeð [wyrcas] stiga his." (Matt. iii. 3. Northumbrian Version.) 3964 negt = neg + it = nigh it.

It is as true as it is marvellous.

Said this ass thus with anger.

Had I a sword, I would slay thee.

So was this man to mischief (grief) brought.

Quoth Balaam, "since I have mis-fared,

If thou wilt, I will turn back."

Against my counsel speak thou nought.

Shall I no word be able to forth-do (utter),

Except what God layeth on me.

His life is blithe (joyful), so shall be his ending (death),

Who prospereth as this (one) shall prosper.

4015 For or read and (?). 4016 He did it for better success. 4022 hem, if not an error for he, stands for he + hem.

P. 115. l. 4049 "The young women of thy land, fair of sight, and soft of hand, and bright of hue (complexion), of speech glad (joyous), in haste shall I set apart as messengers; do thou send out against these men those who {169}can brew (produce) heart-burning with joy, with features, and with body and sin, pleasantly, with speech small (flattery), to turn them from God's fear to thy land gods and our laws; unless thou canst follow this advice and lead them from God's love, and seek to turn thus their thought, for war nor weapon helpeth not. 4052 ðgere = gere = haste. At first I was inclined to take ðgere for dere, so that wið ðgere = for harm. 4053 ten = te (?). Or should we read, ðe do ten vt = cause those to go out. 4056 Luueke may be an error for luue-like = pleasantly; or it may = luue-leke = love; -lec being a not uncommon ending of abstract nouns, as in O.E. feirlec, fairness, beauty. 4063 quad. The rhyme seems to require quead; ðat ille quad = that wickedly spoke (advised); ðat ille quead = that wicked wretch.

God bad Moses number

His folk who were first preserved from death

Either twenty winters or more old,

Who in Egypt were not before numbered.

4096 All others were driven in death's web. 4106-8 Leave thou not thy folk helpless, and do thou, O God, cause them to be governed just as it may be advantageous for them.

Whilst to him lasted life-days,

Them he taught precious laws,

And written hath committed them to them,

Unless they them keep, on them shall be sorrow (misfortune shall befall them).

P. 118. l. 4143-4 Idolatry, that was pleasing to them, oft out-wrought (effected) for them sorrow's trouble, i. e. brought sorrow and trouble upon them.

In such virtues grant us to come;

Through which we shall be to everlasting life taken.

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

A, in, 271, 538, 635, 953.

A, have, 2720.

Abead = abad, abode, 422, 3856, 3862.

A.S. abídan, pret. abád, p.p. abiden.

Abiden, (pl. pret.) abode, 1638, 2483, 3459.

Abiden, (p.p.) abided, remained, 2388.

Abraid, awoke, arose, started up, 231, 1617, 2111, 2385.

A.S. abredan (pret. abræd).

Abute, about, 3455.

Abuten, about, 94, 1772, 2482.

A.S. abútan.

Abuten-schoren, circumcised, 1200.

See Schoren.

Abuuen, above, 10, 108, 332, 636, 1518.

A.S. abufan.

Adde = hadde, had (3 pers. sing.), 240, 518, 519, 600, 1039, 1693, 1747, 2274.

Adden = hadden, had (3 pers. pl.), 239, 1480, 2451, 2545, 2546.

Aftre, after, 1652.

Age, awe, 432, 3546, 3632.

A.S. ege, fear, terror, dread. Dan. ave, O.E. age, awe, is a northern form corresponding to the southern eige or eie.

Agen, awe, (acc.) 192.

Agen, (a) again, 405, 604, 606, 979, 985;

(b) against, 562, 3373, 3375;

(d) backwards, back, 1097, 3267;

(e) towards, 1786, 1796, 1823, 1824;

(f) for, 562.

A.S. ongean, agen.

See Agon.

Agenes, against, 538, 541.

Agenward, back, 1782.

Ageon, against, 3912.

A.S. agean.

Aglen, to become weak, foolish, 3809.

A.S. eglian, to ail, egle, troublesome; Goth. aglo, affliction, aglus, difficult.

Agon, gone, 78.

A.S. agán.

Agon, again, 77, 958;

against, 438;

backwards, 1119;

towards, 1009, 1438.

Agrisen, terrified, alarmed, 667.

A.S. agrýsan.

Agt, Agte, property, possession, wealth, 742, 783, 857, 910, 924, 1858, 1867, 2017, 2090.

A.S. ágan, (pret. ahte, áhte) to own, possess. A.S. æht, property.

Agte, owned, 2309.

Agte, ought, should, 525, 1671, 2727.

Agte, fear, 3384. It literally signifies thought, anxiety, sorrow.

{171}A.S. eaht, estimation, eahtian, to meditate, devise. Ger. acht, care, attention, achten, to mind, regard.

See Hagt.

Agtes, oughtest, 1762.

Agtes, moneys, 2224.

Ai, ever, aye, 451, 1105.

Ail, hail, 3066, 3183.

Al, all, 36, 37;

entirely, quite, 3059, 3098.

Al abuten, all about, 96, 136.

Aldre, of all;

'hure aldre bale,' the bale of us all, 322;

'here aldre heuedes,' the heads of them all, 2926.

Algen = halgen, to hallow, keep holy, 918.

A.S. halgian.

Alle, all, 874, 896.

Al-migt-ful, powerful, 2694.

Almigten, Almigtin, almighty, (sb.) 9, 3405, (adj.) 30, 572, 3727.

Als, Alse, also, 867;

as, 1773, 1785, 1787, 2650;

so, 1412.

Also, as, 475, 643, 1238, 2212;

so, 3436.

A.S. alswá.

Alswilc, Alsswilc, even as, 4108.

A.S. alswilc = eallswilc, even as, likewise.

Alt = halt, holdeth (?), 924.

Alter, altar, 758.

Alðer-best, the best of all, 3390.

Alðerneðer, beneath all, 3997.

Amigdeles, almonds, 3840.

Gr. αμυγδαλη; Lat. amygdala.

Amonge, among, 700.

Amongus, amonges, amongst, 1620.

An (before a cons.), a, 680, 938, 951;

'an time,' 1435, 1487;

'an busk,' 2105;

'an kire,' 2451;

'an wis man,' 2649;

'an sel,' 2769;

'an steuene,' 2780;

'an dragen swerd,' 2843.

An, in, 1605, 2789, 3086.

A.S. and O.S. an; South Prov. E. an.

An, and, 206, 221, 647.

And = an, a, 3463.

And = an, in, 1470.

Andswere, answer, 3081.

Andswerede, answered, 4109.

A.S. andswerian, to answer.

Anger, grief, 972.

Ani, any, 48, 2181.

Anog, enough, 600, 3365, 3876.

Answerede, answered, 2728, 3605.

Answeren, (sb.) answer, 2673.

Ant, and, 485.

Apples, 1129.

Arche, ark, 560, 561, 580.

Arche-wold, ark-board, 576, 614.

Arches, ark's, 602.

Ard, hard, 1228.

Arled, ring-streaked, 1723.

A.S. orl, rim, welt, border.

Arn, Aren, are, (pl.) 16, 815, 3606, 3882.

Arsmetike = arsmetrike, arithmetic, 792.

Arwe, arrow, 478.

As, hast, 1760.

Aske, ask, 1668.

Askede, asked, 1391.

Askeden, (pl.) asked, 2672.

Askes, ashes, 3024.

Astronomige, astronomy, 792.

At, to, 554;

of, 2697;

in, 3790.

At, ate, did eat, 337, 342, 3407.

Ate, hate, 373, 3638.

Atter, poison, venom, 372.

A.S. áter, atter.

Atteð = hatteð, is called, 813.

At-wond, ceased, 3058.

A.S. ætwíndan, to wind off, escape, flee away (pret. ætwánd, p.p. ætwunden).

At-wot, disappeared, departed, 1049.

A.S. wítan, to depart; at = A.S. æt, as in at-wond, etc.

Aucter, altar, 612, 625.

Auter, altar, 1297, 1325.

{172}Aue, have, 2388.

Auede = hauede, had, 1251.

Auen = hauen, have (inf.), 1505, 1512;

(pl.) 3680.

Aueð = haueð, hath, 2425, 2469.

Awai, Awei, away, 616, 810, 858, 860, 861.

Aweiward, away, 3168.

Awold, avail, be successful, 1671;

signify, 1944, 2727;

cause, 2054.

A.S. walden, to rule, wealdan, to govern (p. weold, p.p. wealden).

Ay, ever, always, 5, 87, 155.

Ayne = ane, one, a, 2639.

Bad, commanded, 41, 57, 441, 572, 618;

prayed, 1462;

'bad meðe,' besought mercy, 3011.

A.S. biddan (pret. bæd, p.p. beden), to ask, pray, command.

Bad, offered, gave, 2653;

'bad bede,' offered prayer, 1375, 2981.

A.S. beódan (pret. beád, p.p. boden).

Bade, bad, 2436.

Bak, back, 1333.

Bale, sorrow, misery, calamity, destruction, 68, 322, 850, 1122, 1166;

death, 1984.

A.S. bealu.

Bannede, summoned, assembled, 3213.

A.S. bannan, bonnan, to proclaim.

Bar, bore, took, 209, 338;

gave birth to, 418, 428, 722;

carried, 2078.

Baren, to disclose, 1912.

Barg, (pret. of bergen) preserved, 1330, 3477.

Bargt = barg, preserved, 898.

Bat, bad, 53;

restored, 882;

offered, gave, 1015.

See Bad.

Be, shall be, 784.

Bead, bad, 1059, 2494, 2768;

invited, 1056;

offered, 1069;

presented, 3340.

Bead = abead, endured, suffered, 3105.

Beames, trumpet's, 3521.

A.S. byme, a trumpet.

Beas = beast = beëst, art, 365, 366.

Bed, (pret. of bidden) commanded, bad, 258, 1292.

See Bad.

Bed, (pret. of beden) offered, gave, presented, 909, 1014, 2017, 2047;

(imp.) present, 2073.

Bedden, (pl. pret.) offered, 2273;

prayed to, 2498.

Bede, prayer, 631, 1375, 2981.

A.S. béd.

Beden, (p.p.) commanded, 2212.

Bedes, prayers, 495, 3888.

Bege, ring, 2140.

A.S. beah, béh, beág (g. beáges), a crown, bracelet, ring.

Beges, bracelets, 1390.

A.S. beágas.

Bem, beam, 'heuene-bem' = the sun (?), 1606.

Ben, to be, 15, 101, 164;

are, 107, 139, 630.

Bene, prayer, petition, 2511.

A.S. bén.

Ber, bore, 1701.

Berdes, beards, 3584.

Bere, bier, 2481.

Bere, (inf.) bear, 1465;

(subj.) 3513.

Bered = bereð, beareth, 326, 2705.

Berem-tem = bern-tem, family, race, 3903.

Beren, (inf.) bear, carry, 8, 118, 120, 787, 2084;

(pl. pret.) 1187, 2557;

to show, 1044.

Beren-tem, family, descendants, 954.

Beres, (sb.) bears, 191.

Bereð, bear, (imp.) 2243, 2248.

{173}Berg, (sb.) defence, protector, 926.

A.S. beorh.

Berge, Bergen, to protect, 1060;

(opt.) 2529.

A.S. beorgan (pret. bearh, p.p. borgen).

Bergles, shelterless, unprotected, 3048.

Beries, berries, 2062, 2064.

Bering, bearing, behaviour, 2178.

Bernteam, descendant, 3748.

A.S. bearn-team, posterity, from bearn, a child, and teamian, to generate.

Best, art, 2884.

Beste, beast, 194.

Bet, beat, (pret.) 483, 3958.

A.S. beót.

Bet, better, 1713, 2366, 2938, 3753.

A.S.

Betende, beating, 2713.

Betes, beatest, 3974.

Betre, Bettre, better, 1585, 1957, 2820.

Betten = beten, amend, 3637.

A.S. bétan.

Beð, is, 182, 1156, 1589;

shall be, 386, 4122;

(imp.) 2263, 3231.

Beðen, bathe, 2447.

A.S. beþian.

Beðen, pray, entreat, 2498.

O.N. beiða, to pray.

Bi, by, 141, 1586.

Bi-aften, behind, 1333, 3377.

A.S. be-æftan.

Bi-agt, ought, should, 924.

Bicalleð, calls after, accuses, 2314.

Bicam, became, befell, happened, 996, 1404, 2007, 2148;

went, 1744.

Bicrauen, (inf.) ask, crave, 1388.

Bicumen, (inf.) become, pass, come into, 960, 1577;

(p.p.) befallen, 2227;

become, 3839.

Bid, intreat, pray, 2509.

Bidde, intreat, 1569;

command, 3454.

Bidden, (inf.) pray, beseech, 1802.

Biddi = bidde, offer, 27.

Bideð, biddeth, 3451.

Bifel, befell, 963.

Biforen, Biforn, before, 47, 219, 253, 451, 665, 905, 907, 2272.

Bigan, began, 188, 236, 448, 921.

Bigamie, 448, 449.

Bigat, begot, 708, 709, 711, 1590;

obtained, 796.

Bigen, to buy, 2166, 2246.

A.S. bygan, bycgan.

Bigete, winnings, spoil, 896.

Bigetel, advantageous, 1992.

Bigeten, (inf.) obtain, 1532;

beget, 2180;

require, 1666;

prevail, 2021;

(p.p.) begotten, 906, 1151, 1376, 1377, 2006;

acquired, obtained, 911, 2706.

Biggede, dwelt, 1137.

A.S. byggan, to build; Icel. byggia; O.Sw. bygga, to build, inhabit.

Bigging, Bigginge, Biging, sojourn, abode, dwelling, 718, 762, 807;

house, 3163.

Biginned = biginneð, beginneth, 2538.

Biginning, Biginninge, beginning, 32, 39, 521.

Bigote, begotten, 2618.

Bigunnen, (pl. pret.) began, 536.

Bihaluen = surround, 3355.

See Havelok, l. 1834.

Bihet, (pret. of bihete) promised.

A.S. beǽtan, (pret. behét; p.p. beháten) to promise.

Bihoten, promised, 3132.

Bi-hu[f]lik (?), needful, necessary, 4108.

A.S. behóflíc.

Bilagt, taken away, 773.

A.S. ge-læccan (pret. gelæhte), take, catch, seize.

Bileaf, remained, 1332, 2776;

left, 3066.

Bilef, remained, 671, 1346, 1516, 1791, 1801.

A.S. belífan (pret. belaf).

{174}Bileften, (pl. pret.) dwelt, abode, 800.

Bileph = bilef, remained, 2662.

Bileue, should remain, 1716.

Bileue, quickly, 4128.

Bileuen, to remain, stay, 1766, 3114.

Bileuen, remainder, 3154.

Bilewen, to remain, 2233.

Bilirten, deprive of by fraud, 316.

Biloc, surrounded, 2684.

See Biluken.

Bilong, along of, not belong, 2058.

Biluken, enclosed, shut up, 104.

A.S. belúcan (pret. beleác; p.p. belocen).

Bimen, complaint, cry, 2894.

Bimeneð, bemoaneth, 2226.

Bimening, mourning, bemoaning, 2484.

Biment, Bimente, complained, 1217;

bewailed, bemoaned, 2202, 4150.

A.S. bemǽnan (pret. bimǽnde).

Binam, used, 1706.

See Binimen.

Binden, to bind, 2193, 3193.

Bineðe, Bineðen, beneath, below, 10, 66, 126, 3526, 4082.

A.S. benyðan.

Binimen, to take away, 1764.

A.S. beniman (pret. benám, p.p. benumen).

Binnen, within, 1032, 1731.

A.S. binnan.

Binumen = be taken, 1578.

Binumen, bereft, taken away, 198, 772;

rescued, 2876;

placed, 376.

Biofte, behoof, 1408.

A.S. behofian, to behove.

Bioueð, behoveth, 1159.

Biquuad, ordered, appointed, 117.

See Quuad.

Biqueðen, bewail, 2448.

See Queðe.

Bird, birth, 2591.

Biri, city, 2257.

A.S. burh (pl. byrig).

Biried, buried, 256, 735, 2517, 3851.

Biriele, tomb, sepulchre, 2488.

A.S. byrgels.

Birien, to bury, 2424.

Birigeles, burial, interment, 2474.

Birðe, Birðehe, birth, 441, 1177, 1187, 1484, 1497.

Birðen, to be born, 1471.

Birðehe, birth, 368.

Birðheltre, fruit-bearing tree, 119.

Bise, rule, govern, 4107.

Bisek, (imp.) beseech, 3093.

Biseke, (imp.) beseech, 4155.

Biseken, to beseech, 2492, 3600.

Bisen, to provide, 1313;

ordained, 1411;

govern, direct, 2141, 3414.

A.S. beseon.

Biset, (p.p.) beset, surrounded, 3225.

Bisette, (pret.) beset, compassed, 2687.

Bisetten, surrounded, encompassed, 1066.

Bisne, blind, 472, 2822.

A.S. bisen.

Bisogt, (p.p.) besought, asked, 3080.

Bisogte, (pret.) besought, 3236;

interceded, 3693.

Bispac (= bespoke), gain-said, contradicted, 1444.

Bispeken, to blame, condemn, 1855.

A.S. besprécan, to accuse, blame.

Bistod, lamented, 3857.

Bistoden, (pl.) bewailed, wept for, 716, 1456.

A.S. bestanden, to stand by.

Biswiken, betrayed, deceived, 3561.

A.S. beswícan.

Bit, biddeth, 2238.

Bitagt, (p.p.) delivered, given over, assigned, 774, 1677.

Bitagte, (pret. of bitaken or bitechen) gave, 212, 782, 1185;

{175}appointed, assigned, 923, 965, 1663, 2622, 3621.

A.S. betǽcan (pret. betǽhte).

Bitagten, (pl.) delivered, consigned, 1424.

Biteg, accomplished, 2878.

See Ten.

Biten, (pl.) accomplish, 3626.

See Ten.

Biter, bitter, 3300.

Bithowte, bethought, 2735.

Bitid, befallen, 357, 1194, 1876, 1978, 2358, 3406.

Bitidde, befell, 3861.

Bitime, betimes, 1088.

Bitogen, bestowed, applied, 1771;

guided, directed, 3796.

See Ten.

Bitold, rescued, 920;

from bitellan, to defend, rescue. See Orm. l. 2045, and O.E. Hom. 1st S. p. 205.

Bitterlike, bitterly, 1115;

angrily, 2030;

severely, sharply, 3896.

Biðhogte, Biðogt, Biðohte, bethought, devised, 36, 37, 1183.

A.S. beþencan, to consider, bethink.

Bitwen, between, 8, 251, 760, 1168, 1601, 2406.

Biueð, trembleth, 2280.

A.S. bifian, beofian.

Biwaken, (pl.) keep a wake (or vigil) for the dead, 2444.

A.S. wæcan, to watch, wake.

Blast; (ph.) 'liues blast,' 201;

'hornes blast,' 3464.

Ble, colour, hue, 457;

appearance, 749.

A.S. bleo.

Blein, blain, 3027.

Bles, (g. sing. of ble) of colour, hue, 1725.

Blessede, turned aside, ceased, 3653, 3803.

See Blissen.

Bleð, timid, fearful, 2590, 3520, 3907.

A.S. bleáð, gentle, timid. O.N. blauðr.

Blinne, Blinnen, to cease, 289, 1963.

A.S. blinnan.

Blis, Blisce, bliss, 382, 748, 3518.

Blisced, (p.p.) blessed, 1552, 1616.

Bliscede, (pret.) blessed, 163, 897, 1546.

Bliscing, blessing, 1508, 1532, 1556, 1563, 1568, 2398.

Blisse, bliss, 11, 241, 2068.

Blissen, to lessen, 553.

Du. bleschen, to quench.

Blisses, (g. sing.) of bliss, 19, 383;

pl. happiness, joys, 2350.

Bliðe, blithe, joyful, 1343, 1653.

Bliðelike, blithely, joyfully, 1424, 1499.

Blo, blue, 637, 638.

A.S. bleo; O.Du. bla.

Blod, blood, 1074, 1452, 1661, 2816.

Blod, woman, 1192.

See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Blod.

Blodes, of blood, 2956.

Blomede, bloomed, flowered, 2061.

Boc, book, 523, 2522.

Bode, (subj.) should tolerate, endure, 1594.

Bode, word, message, command, 395, 621, 939, 991, 1008, 1286, 1973, 2383, 2859.

A.S. bod, gebod, a command, message; beódan, to command, order, bid.

Boden, (pl. pret.) bad, commanded, 1067, 1096, 1971, 3544;

asked for, 3169;

p.p. bidden, 1430, 3111, 4115.

Bodes, commands, rules, 3528.

Bodeword, Bodewurd, commandment, prohibition, 213, 218, 361, 2282;

message, 396, 2494, 2880, 2913.

See Bode.

Bofte = Bihofte, behoof, 1388.

A.S. be-hófian, to behove.

Bog, bough, 608.

{176}Boge, bow, 483, 1238.

Bogt, (p.p.) bought, 1994, 3683.

Bogte, (pret.) bought, 1996.

Boken, book;

ph. 'on no boken,' 4.

Bokes, books, 3635.

Bold, bad, 323;

stubborn, 1917;

boldly, 2728.

Bolen. See To-bollen.

Bond, Bonde, bond, prison, 2076, 2693;

force, power, 763, 2114, 2716.

Bondes, bonds, 344, 2230.

Bone, prayer, petition, boon, 2980.

O.N. bón; A.S. bén.

Booc, book, 4124.

Bor, (pret. of beren) bore, 425.

Borde, table, board, 1210.

Boren, s. pl. bearers, 1798.

Boren, (pl. pret. of beren, to bear) bore, 684, 1725, 1730;

p.p. born, 84, 220, 648, 655, 666, 1144;

borne, 2512, 2518.

Borgen, (p.p. of bergen) protected, saved, 1102, 1105, 2686.

See Bergen.

Borwen, (p.p. of berge) preserved, saved, 886, 3044.

Bosum, bosom, 2809.

Bot, (pret. of biten) bit, 2926.

Bot, Bote, salvation, deliverance from evil, forgiveness, atonement, 24, 2957, 3598.

A.S. bót, bótu; bétan, to amend.

Boðen, both, 328, 350, 899, 1275, 1390.

Brac, broke, 3100.

Bras, brass, 467.

Brast, (pret. of bresten) burst, 1808.

Bread-lepes, bread-baskets, 2078.

A.S. leap, a basket, hamper.

Bred, Bread, bread, 364, 1013, 1225, 2079.

Bred, (p.p.) roasted, 1013, 3147.

A.S. brǽdan, (p. brǽdde; p.p. gebrǽd) to melt, roast.

Bredde, (pret.) melted, 3342.

Bredes, of bread, 894, 1246.

Bred-wrigte, baker, 2077.

Breken, break, 3147.

Brekeð, breaketh, 3062.

Brend, (p.p.) burnt, 3685.

Brende, (pret.) burnt, 1108, 2668, 2778, 2779.

Brend-fier-rein, rain of burning fire, 1110.

Brennen, to burn, 1087, 2775, 3154.

Brennen = brennende, burning, 2653.

Brenninge, (sb.) burning, 3654.

Brent, Brente, burnt, 754, 1114, 1336, 2656.

Brest, breast, 343, 370.

Brewen, to brew, produce, 4054.

Breðere, brethren, 823, 1911, 2217;

brothers', 530, 2213.

Brictest, brightest, 1910.

Bridale, wedding, 1674.

Brigt, (adj.) bright, 132, 951;

beautiful, 1058;

clear, 2780;

(sb.) brightness, 143.

Brigte, (adv.) clearly, 3763.

Brigtlike, clearly, brightly, 3491.

Brimen, to become fertile, teem, 118;

bear fruit, 1128.

A.S. breman, to have in honour.

Brimfir, burning-fire, brimstone, 754.

Brinfires, burning-fires, brimstones, 1164.

Bringen, to bring, 312, 738, 1067;

'bringen on' = to bring against, 2032.

Briðere = breðere, brethren, 2271.

Brocte, brought, 237.

Brod, brood, 3712.

A.S. bród.

Brogt, (p.p.) Brogte, (pret.) brought, 62, 124, 219, 608, 847, 870, 874, 882, 2634.

Brogten, (pl. pret.) brought, 3546.

Broðer, brother, 420, 1394.

Bruc, (imp.) enjoy, 1831.

A.S. brúcan, (p. bréac; p.p. gebrocen) use, enjoy, eat.

{177}Buges, boughs, 2060.

Bunden, (p.p.) bound, 2216.

Burdene, burden, birth, 1467.

Burg, Burge, city, 812, 833, 1110, 1837.

A.S. burh, burg.

Burge-folc, townsfolk, 1854.

Burges, cities, 746, 840.

Burges, (g. sing.) of the city, 1053, 1086.

Burgt = burg, city, 727, 744, 879.

Burgt-folk = burg-folc, towns-folc, people, 1063.

Busk, bush, 2779.

But, send out (?), 3075.

It may represent the A.S. búte, bútu, both.

But, Bute, unless, 3017, 3616;

only, 4000.

A.S. búte.

Bute if, unless, 4059.

Buteler, butler, 2092, 2115.

Buten, about, 566.

A.S. bútan.

But-if, unless, 1713, 2698, 2949.

Buttere, butter, 1014.

Buxum, obedient, 980, 1299.

A.S. bocsum, from búgan, to bend.

Cald, (p.p.) called, 3367, 3686.

Calde, (pret.) called, 1446, 1631, 1702.

Calden, (pl. pret.) called, 685.

Calles, callest, 3237.

Cam, came, 114, 158, 416.

Can, know, 309;

did, 2872.

Canticle, 4124.

Care, sorrow, 775.

A.S. cáru.

Carf, cut, carved, 2700.

A.S. ceorfan, (pret. cearf; p.p. corfen) to cut, engrave.

Carte-hird, collection of carts (chariots), 3215.

Cartes, carts, 2362.

Cast, a shadow (?), 3463.

Caue[n], a cave, 1137.

Chaf, chaff, 2889.

Chafare, chaffer, 1951.

Chare, turn, go, 2390.

Charen, to turn, depart, journey, 1712, 2436, 3010, 3055, 3704, 3986.

A.S. cérran, círran, to turn, pass over or by.

Charite, charity, 1016.

Chartre, prison, 2043.

A.S. cwartern, a prison.

Chasthed, chastity, 2022.

Che, she, 1227.

Cherl, churl, man, fellow, 2715.

Ches, (pret. of chesen) chose, selected, 433, 805, 807, 1250, 2736, 3672;

(imp.) 3665.

Chesen, to choose, 3429.

A.S. ceósan, (pret. ceás, p.p. córen) to choose, select.

Chidden, (pret. pl.) chided, rebuked, 1927.

Chiden, to chide, 2722.

Childe, child, 966, 974.

Childes, child's, 1965, 1972.

Childhede, childishness, 2652.

Childles, childless, 930.

Childre, children, 656, 715, 722.

Chirche-gong, church-going, 2465.

Chirches, churches, 511, 3197.

Chosen, (pl.) chose, 543.

Circumcicioun, circumcision, 992.

Circumcis, circumcised, 999, 1002.

Circumcise, circumcision, 2848.

Circumcised, circumcised, 1200, 1202.

Cisternesse, pit, cistern, 1960.

Clene, clean, pure, 605, 611, 627, 777, 3454, 3637.

Clense, cleanse, 3453.

Cleped, Clepede, Clepit, called, 1198, 1274, 2631, 4099.

A.S. cleopian, to cry, call.

Clepeð, calleth, 3330.

Clerkes, clerks, learned men, 2993.

Clipping-time, shearing time, 1740.

Cliued, 'he cliued' = him cliueð = cleaves to him, 1963.

{178}Cliuen, to stick, fasten, 372.

A.S. clifian.

Cliueð, adheres, remains, 2384.

Cloðen, to clothe, 2630.

Colen, coals, 2653.

Comb, top, crest, 2564.

Du. kam.

Come, coming, arrival, 2267.

Come, should come, 464.

Comen, (p.p.) come, 344.

Comen, (pret. pl.) came, 1979, 2611, 2940.

Coren, corn, 2104, 2237.

Corune, crown, 2638.

Corunes, crowns, 3789.

Cost, nature, kind, 3327.

A.S. cost. Icel. kostr, habits, character.

Costful, trying, dangerous, 3880.

A.S. costian, to try.

Craflik, craftily.

Crauede, craved, asked, 1418.

Crauen, to crave, ask, demand, 1320, 1408, 1667, 1718, 2366, 3171.

Crep, (pret. of crepen) crept, 2924.

A.S. creópan, to creep (pret. creáp, p.p. cropen).

Crepen, to creep, 610, 2560.

Crisme, chrisom, the anointing oil, 2458.

O.Fr. cresme, from χρισμα.

Cristene, Cristenei, Christian, 7, 15.

Cropen, crept, 2974.

Crune, crown, 2642.

Cude = cuðe, could, knew how to, 878, 2674.

Cuden = cuðen, (pl.) could, 875.

A.S. cunnan, to ken, know (pret. cúðe, p.p. cúð).

Cum, (imp.) come, 2791.

Cume, (1st pers. sing.) come, 1037.

Cume, (p.p.) come, 1432.

Cume, (pl.) come, 2171.

Cumen, (inf.) come, 305, 505, 2337.

Cumen, (pl. pret.) came, 1065.

Cumen, (p.p.) come, 365, 410, 570, 1141, 2316.

Cumeð, (imp. pl.) come, 3485.

Cunen, (pl.) can, are able, 4054.

Cuppe, cup, 2310, 2318.

Cursen, to curse, 4005.

Cursing, (sb.) curse, 3926, 4037, 4038.

Cuðe, could, 470, 2594, 2747;

showed, 1659.

Cuðen, could, 3224;

knew, 2996.

Cuuel-staf, a cowl-staff, a pole for carrying two-handled vessels, 3710.

A.S. ceofl, cawel, a basket.

Dage, days, 'of dage brogten,' put to death, 3545.

Dagen, to dawn, 16, 91.

A.S. dæg, a day; dægian, to shine; dagian, to dawn; dagung, a dawning, daybreak.

Dages, days, 3297.

Dai, day, 83, 88, 93.

Daiening, Daigening, Daning, dawn, 77, 1808, 3264.

Daiges, day's, 3294.

Daiges, days, 2455, 2471.

Dain = ðain (?), a man, 1116.

Dais, day's, 113, 114, 157, 158.

Dais, days, 590.

Dale, dale, vale, 'sorwes dale,' 19;

'werldes dale,' 142.

Dalen, dale, 1931.

Dalf, buried, 2718.

See Deluen.

Dan = ðan, then, 411, 613, et passim.

Daning, dawn, 1808.

See Daiening and Dagen.

Dat = ðat, 224, 232, 342.

Dead, Deade, death, 312, 392, 402, 421, 2573, 3120.

Dead, deed, 2983.

Deades, death's, 268, 714, 3396.

Deai, day, 862.

Ded, Dede, death, 214, 257, 261, 265.

{179}Ded, Dede, dead, 217, 750, 2465.

Dede, deed, 355, 502, 1150, 2662.

Dede, did, 24, 118, 224;

put, placed, 42, 576;

made, 762, 2291;

showed, 2757.

Deden, (pl. pret.) did, 1059, 1153;

made, caused, 1522, 2100, 2560;

put, 2555;

fixed, 3442;

gave, 3551.

Dedes, death's, 344, 484, 2716.

Dedes, deeds, 2459.

Dedes, deeds', 551.

Dedis = put them, 3830.

Dei, day, 78.

Deieð, dieth, 751.

Deigen, to die, 3127.

Del, a part, a whit, bit, 230, 1092, 567, 1062;

-what, -thing, 353;

parts, 3239.

A.S. dǽl, a part.

Del, (imp.) divide, 3239.

A.S. dǽlan, to divide, distribute.

Delen, (pl. pres.) divide, 151.

Delt, divided, scattered, 670, 3243.

Delte, (pret.) divided, 941.

Deluen, to bury, 2452.

A.S. delfan, to dig, delve (pret. dealf, p.p. dolfen).

Dempt, doomed, condemned, 2038.

A.S. déman, to deem, doom.

Denede = dinede, shook, quaked, 3772.

A.S. dynian, to din.

Dep, deep, 1942.

Depe, Diep, deeply, 1873, 2655, 2770.

Der, deer, animal, 169, 178, 187, 299, 4020, 4025.

Dere, noble, precious, 271, 2247;

dear, beloved, 403, 1569.

Dere, to harm, annoy, 1588, 3514;

to injure, 4047;

destroy, 3566.

A.S. derian.

Dere, (sb.) harm, hurt, 2970, 3214, 3742.

A.S. dere, dar, daru, hurt, damage.

Dered, Derede, harmed, hurt, 242, 2596, 3052.

Deren, to hurt, annoy, 788, 1188, 1271, 2348.

Deren, (pl. pres.) hurt, annoy, 187, 852.

Derer = dere, dear, beloved, 2399.

Deres, injuries, 3088.

Deres, animals, 4032.

Deres-kin, animals, 556.

Dereð, harms, hurts, 3818.

Derke = derðe, dearth, famine, 2237, 2345.

Derne, secret, 1950.

A.S. dearn.

Derre = dearly, 3683.

Deserd, Desert, desert, 1227, 2737, 2770.

Dew, 3325.

Dhogt = ðhogt, thought, care, 1153.

Dewes, dew's, 3327.

Digere = diyere, dear, precious, 3483, 3484;

dearer, 3903.

Dik, dike, ditch, pit, 281.

Dikes, ditches, 2560.

Dim, dull, 286;

ignorant, 3673.

Dine, din, noise, 3467.

Dinede, sounded, 3464.

Dis = ðis, 63.

Diserd, desert, 975.

Do, take, put, 2781, 3604, 3819, 3822.

Dogtres, daughters, 1090, 1094.

Dole, part, 152.

Doles, parts, 151, 3243;

pieces, 952;

shares, 1512.

See Del.

Doluen, (p.p.) buried, 1895, 3200, 3685.

Doluen, (pret. pl.) dug, 3189.

Domesdai, Domesday, doomsday, 105, 505, 645.

Domme, dumb, 2821.

Don, (inf.) to do, cause, 194, 534, 1146, 3608.

Don, (pl. pres.) do, 311;

cause, 180.

{180}Don, (p.p.) done, 345, 3012;

placed, put, 267, 381, 383, 2586, 3206.

Dor = ðor, there, 668, 897.

Dor-bi = ðor-bi, thereby, 1637.

Doð, (imp.) cause, 2351;

do, 3727.

Doð, doth, causes, 2702, 2883.

Dowter, daughter, 1847, 2147, 2599, 2601, 2603.

Dowtres, daughters, 2743.

Dragen, (p.p.) drawn, 3980;

compiled, 13;

'to dead ... dragen,' put to death, 3458;

'of liue dragen,' slain, 3806;

withdrawn, 598;

led, drawn, 2046;

sprinkled, 3156.

Dragen, (inf.) to draw near to, 2360, 2378.

Dragen, (adj.) drawn, 2843.

Dragt, plan, 3624;

way, course, 3745.

Dragun, dragon, serpent, 2924.

Drake, dragon, 283.

Dranc, drank, 1660.

Drechede, delayed, 2835.

Drechen, delay, 1420, 1946.

A.S. drécan, to trouble, oppress.

Dred, dread, fear, 179, 660, 694, 698.

Dredde, dreaded, feared, 767, 1868, 3008.

Dredes, dread's, 2806.

Dredeð, (imp.) dread, 2343, 3129.

Dredful, fearful, 3520;

dreadful, 3521.

Dredi, afraid, 872.

Dref, trouble, 4144.

See Dreue.

Dreful, sorrowful, 2590.

See Dregen.

Dreg, suffered, endured, 429, 566, 2877.

Drege, Dregen, (pl.) endure, suffer, bear, 512, 2208.

Dregen, (inf.) to suffer, 3235.

A.S. dreógan (pret. dreag, p.p. drogen), to suffer, bear.

Drem, Dreme, dream, 953, 2095;

'on dreme,' in dream, 1179.

Dremen, to dream, 2067.

Drempte, (vb. impers.) dreamt, 1941, 2049, 2059, 2078, 2095.

Dremes, (pl.) dreams, 1918, 2086;

(gen.) 2112, 2114.

Dreue, to trouble, 318.

A.S. dréfan, to trouble, disturb.

Drie, dry, 616.

Dried, 3681.

Drige, dry, 3910.

Drinc, drink, 1149, 1246.

Drinkelen, to drown, 2768.

Drinken, to drink, 2065, 3582.

Drinkilden, (pl.) drowned, 492.

Dririhed, dreariness, 1122.

Driuen, (pres. pl.) drive, 1647;

(pret. pl.) drove, fell, 4096;

(p.p.) driuen, 307, 574, 1125;

practised, 1681.

Drof, draff, dregs, 3582.

O.Du. draf. Dan. drav; Icel. draf, dregs.

"Draffe or drosse, or matter stamped, pilumen."—(Prompt. Parv.)

Drof, assemblage, 102.

A.S. dráf.

Drog, Droge, drew, 478, 1746, 1844, 3909.

Drogen, (pl.) drew, 1077.

Drogen = ? drogende, suffering, 977.

Drogen, (p.p.) suffered, 1772, 2402, 2404, 2786, 3648.

See Dregen.

Drope, drop, 1018.

Dropen, killed, 2648.

A.S. drepan (pret. dræp, p.p. drepen), to strike, wound.

Drug, drew, 2717.

Drugen, (pl.) drew.

Drugte, drought, dryness, 2107, 2348.

A.S. drugoð.

Drunken, drunk, 871, 1154.

Dun, down, 484, 714, 1303.

{181}Dun, Dune, hill, 19, 587, 1101, 1295, 3380.

A.S. dún.

Dun-cumen, to descend, 1608.

Dunes, hills, 599, 644, 855, 1100.

Dune-is, down's, hill's, 1295.

Dure, door, 1082.

Duren, dare, 2239.

Dure-pin, door pin, bolt of the door, 1078.

Dure-tren, door-posts, 3155.

Durste, durst, 2593, 3968.

Dursten, (pl.) durst, 1863.

Duue, dove, 605, 944.

Dwale, heretic, apostate, 20, 67;

deceit, fraud, 4055.

A.S. dwala, an error; dwelian, to deceive.

Dwale, grief, complaint, 1037, 1220;

strife, contest, 3404.

O.E. dule, dole. Sc. dool.

Dwelledde, dwelt, 1106.

E = he, 2341, 2708.

E = he, they, 4094.

Ear, ere, before, formerly, 36, 47, 250, 284, 1089, 1757, 2562, 3080;

'ear ðanne,' ere that.

A.S. ear, ǽr.

Eares, ears (of corn), 2104.

Earuermor = eauermor, evermore, 12.

Ebrisse, Hebrew, 73.

Eddi, pleasant, good, 2086.

A.S. eadig.

Eddi-sel = happy (pleasant) time, prosperity, 2582.

A.S. eádig, happy, blessed; sǽl, time.

Ef = eft, again, 2337.

Eft, Efte, again, 77, 365, 1169, 4032.

Egest = hegest, highest, 143, 1224.

Egte, probably miswritten for fegte, 470.

Egte, eight, 1349.

Egtende, Egtenede, eighth, 1199, 1202, 2543.

Eige, awe, fear, 2550, 3043.

A.S. ége, fear, terror.

Eilden, ? bake, 2892.

Stratmann proposes to derive it from O.N. elda, to make a fire.

Eld, Elde, age, 579, 705, 707, 740, 900, 1283;

on elde, in age, 1197.

A.S. eld, yld, age.

Eldes, of age, 1528.

Eld = held, 2999.

Elles, Hell's, 4157.

Elles, else, 3072;

besides, 4096.

Elmesse-gifte, alms-gift, 2466.

Elne, ells, 563, 565, 586.

Elten, knead, 2892.

O.N. elta. (Stratmann.)

Em, uncle, 1758.

A.S. eám.

Endede, ended, 166.

Endesið, destruction, death, 3777.

A.S. ende, end, sið, adversity.

Endesið may be an error for unsið, from A.S. unsið, mishap.

Ending, Endinge, death, 487, 1506, 2420, 2439.

Engle, Engleis, English, 14, 450, 814.

Erd, Erde, land, abode, 210, 383,1131, 2094, 2406.

A.S. eard, province, country.

Erdes, abodes, lands, 956.

Erdfolc, people, 1880.

Erdne, Erdene, = ernde, errand, petition, 787, 1372, 1400, 1402.

A.S. ærend, ærende, message, news.

Ere = here, of them, 2855, 3773.

Ereward-riche, inheritance, 1512.

Du. erfrijk.

See Erward.

Erf, cattle, 183, 195, 910, 2746, 3018.

A.S. ærfe, erfe, orfe, yrfe.

Erf-kin, cattle, 3177.

Ermor = eauermor, evermore, 306.

{182}Erneste, necessity, 411.

Erðe, earth, 40, 116, 118, 122.

Erðe-dine, earthquake, 1108, 3196.

A.S. eorð-dýne.

Erðes, earth's, 124, 1547, 1573.

Erue, cattle, 169, 174, 803, 1948, 2751.

See Erf.

Eruerilc = euerilc, every, 160.

Erward = erf-ward, heir, 934.

A.S. yrfe-weard, an heir.

Es = is, them, 135, 1535, 1700, 2176, 3025, 3097.

Est, an error for eft, 607.

Est, east, 829, 1449.

Estdede, kindness, 2758.

A.S. este, mild, favouring.

Esterne, Easter, 3289.

Et, it, 590, 3899.

Eten, (p.p.) eaten, 329;

(inf.) to eat, 364, 1531, 1538;

(pl. pres.) eat, 1779.

Eðe-moðed = eðe-moded, appeased, 1584.

Eðen = heðen, hence, 2188.

Eði-modes = eðe-moded (easy minded), kind, gentle, 2249.

A.S. eáð, easy, gentle, mild; eáð-mód, easy-minded, humble.

Eððede, softened, alleviated, 1439.

Euen, evening, 1675.

Euene, even, equally, 331.

Eui, heavy, 2559.

Euerilc, every, 68, 69, 121, 2407;

each, every one, 2214, 2355.

Euerilc del, every whit, 567.

Euerilc on, every one, 185, 609.

Euerilk, every, 582.

Fader, father, 29, 1148.

Faderes, father's, 1536, 1586, 1748, 2293.

Fagen, glad, joyful, 15, 510, 854, 1331, 1343, 1551.

A.S. fægn, fægen, glad; fægnian, to rejoice, be delighted with.

Fagnede, welcomed, 1441, 1655.

Fagneden, (pl.) welcomed, 1410.

Fagt, fought, 3386, 3390.

Faier, Fair, Faire, (adj.) fair, beautiful, 126, 127, 769, 1058, 1192;

(adv.) 1061.

Faiernesse, fairness, colour, 1233.

Faiger, (adj.) fair, beautiful, 1440, 2636, 2659;

good, 3244;

(adv.) 1396.

A.S. fæger.

Faigere, (pl.) fair, 3547.

Faigered, fairhood, beauty, 2666.

Faire, (adv.) decently, honourably, 2393, 3193.

Faire-hed, Fair-hed, beauty, 1998, 2609.

Fallen, to fall, 2734.

Fand, temptation, strife, 3737.

See Fonden.

Far, Fare, (imp.) fare, go, 737, 1288.

Fare, course, journey, 1434, 1989;

departure, 3179;

welfare, 2771.

A.S. fær, faru.

Fare, (inf.) to go, 2389.

Fare, (1st pers. sing.) go, 930.

Faren, (inf.) to go, 137, 1418, 1596, 2238;

(pl. pres.) pass away, 2153;

(p.p.) gone, 3705, 4145.

A.S. faran, to go (pret. fór, p.p. gefaren).

Fastede, fasted, 3611.

Fe, goods, 439;

cattle, 783.

A.S. feoh, cattle, money, goods.

Fear, far, 253, 2616.

Feble, weak, bad, 1072.

Fechen, Fechin, (inf.) to fetch, 1363, 1530, 2363.

Fedde, fed, 2630.

Feið, faith, 2187, 2678.

Feger, far, 764.

Fel, fell, 72, 484;

'fel wel,' prospered, 1521.

Felage, fellow, companion, 1761.

Felde, field, 440, 1437.

Fele, many, 2371, 2400, 3197.

{183}Fele, defile, dishonour, A.S. fǽlan, to defile; ? or 'to fele' = too much, 3498.

Fellen, (pl.) fell, 65, 287, 1854, 2272.

Felte, felt, 1466.

Felten, (pl.) felt, 350.

Fen, mud, dirt, 490, 2557.

Fendes, fiend's, devil's, 25, 401.

Fendes, devils, 512, 2922, 2929.

Fendes wise, devil wise, 2961.

Fer, far, 36, 47, 1238, 1256.

Fer, sound, whole, 2812, 3469.

Dan. fór; O.N. foerr.

See Sir Gawaine and the Green Knight, l. 103.

Ferde, went, 810, 1598, 1739, 3263.

Ferden, (pl.) went, 2306;

acted, 2921.

A.S. féran, to go.

Ferding, army, 842.

A.S. ferd, army; fyrding, an army, expedition.

Fere, companion, 338;

companions, 3783.

A.S. fera, gefera, a companion.

Feren, companions, fellows, 1275, 2845.

Feren, afar, 2601.

A.S. feorran, far from.

Feres, companions, 659, 888, 2478.

Ferli, wondrous, 2774.

A.S. fǽrlíc, sudden; fǽrlíce, suddenly, from fǽr, sudden, fearful, strange.

Ferlike, marvellously, 2799.

Ferðe, fourth, 130, 131, 156, 157.

Fest, fastened, 2703, 3797.

Fest, Feste, feast, 1689, 2470, 3552.

Festelike, convivially, 3407.

Fet, feet, 3151.

Fet, (sing.) Fette, (pl.) fat, 2098, 2100, 2101, 2104, 2110.

Fetchden, (pl.) fetched, 2889.

Feteles, Fetles, vessel, 561, 1225, 1247, 2595, 2801.

A.S. fetels.

Feten, an error for ſeten, set, built, 2553 (?). It may = fettle.

O.Fris. fitia; Goth. fetjan, to adorn.

Feten, fetch, 2744.

A.S. fettan.

Fette, fetched, 1535.

Fetthed, fatness, abundance, 1547.

Fier, fire, 103, 464, 1140.

Fier-isles, fire ashes, 1130.

A.S. ysla, ashes.

Fieres, fire's, 1142, 3786.

Fif, five, 527, 746.

Fifte, fifth, 158, 159, 165, 166.

Fiftene, fifteen, 415, 417.

Fifti, fifty, 578, 657.

Fifue, Fifwe, Fiue, five, 731, 852, 854, 855.

Figer, fire, 3522.

Figer, Figeren, far, 3519, 3904.

Figt, fight, 870, 886;

struggle, 1317, 1470.

Figten, (inf.) fight, 3227;

(pl.) 3572.

Figti, warlike, 546.

Figures, forms, 1006.

Fild, filled, 1225.

Fillen, fulfil, perform, 1463.

Filt, filled, 1247, 2213, 2307.

Fin, ending, death, 3852.

Finden, Findin, to find, 1877, 3246.

Findes, findest, 1768.

Fir, fire, 99, 3338.

Firmament, 95, 135.

Firme, first, 39, 43, 59, 75, 76, 78, 172.

Firmest, first, 1472, 1682, 1826, 4086.

Fis, fish, 162, 221, 299, 752.

Fisses, fishes, 2945.

Fled, put to flight, subdued, 3396.

{184}Fledde, fled, 3384.

Fleg, fled, 430, 1136, 1745, 2806.

Flegen, to fly, 479, 610.

Fleges, flies, 192.

Fleges, flies', 3012.

Fleges-kin, flies, 3004.

Flegt = fleg, fled, 3643.

Fleis, flesh, 591, 1013, 2089.

Fleiðing, instigation, 692.

A.S. flít, strife, offence.

Flemd, banished, 1265.

Flemede, banished, 1223.

A.S. flyman, to banish.

Flen, (inf.) to flee, 1086, 1513, (pl.) 2685.

Fles, flesh, 3316.

Flesses, flesh's, 349.

Flet, flowed, 644;

floated, 3187.

A.S. fleótan, to flow.

Fligt, Fligte, flight, 137, 161, 277, 3012.

Fliten, striven, 3689.

A.S. flítan, to strive (pret. flát, p.p. gefliten).

Flitten, to remove, 1522.

Dan. flytte, to remove.

Flod, Flode, flood, 596, 644, 1112, 3186.

Flodes, flood's, 2096.

Flogen, (pl.) flew, 861, 3677;

(p.p.) fled, flown, 1750, 3795.

Flotes, swimming's, floating's, 162.

A.S. flótan, to swim, float; flót, a float, raft. Stratmann compares flote with O.H.Germ. floza pinna.

Floten, (pl.) floated, 2946.

Flum, flood, 490;

river, 806, 2486;

sea, 1123.

Flures, flour's, 1013.

Fo, few, 2403.

A.S. feáw, feá.

Fode, food, 176, 894, 3146.

Fodme, productions, 124, 125.

A.S. fadung, setting in order, disposition.

Fol, full, 211.

Folc, folk, people, 697, 770, 894.

Folckes, folk's, 4034.

Folged, (p.p.) followed, 239.

Folgede, (pret.) followed, 204, 1866.

Folgen, to follow, 28, 3272.

Folkes, folk's, people's, 2785.

Folkes-kin, people, 1864.

Folwede, followed, pursued, 880, 3187.

Folwede on, pursued, 1751.

Folwen, to follow, 401.

Fon, foes, 2610, 2693.

Fond, trial, 336;

need, want, 3150.

Cf. Du. vond, scheme, device.

See Fonden.

Fond, Fonde, found, 440, 1280, 1397, 1933, 2324.

Fondeden, (pl.) tempted, 3368.

Fonden, to try, 2938;

to seek, 3476, 3946.

A.S. fandian, to try, tempt, seek, search out.

For, (pret. of fare) went, 743, 763, 1337, 2709.

For, whether, 2651.

Forbead, Forbed, forbad, 213, 311, 1329, 2932, 2984.

Forbi, against, 3988.

Forbode, prohibition, 324.

Forboden, forbidden, 325.

A.S. forbeódan, to forbid, prohibit.

Forbone, an error for forbode, command, law, 3341.

Forbrac, broke down, 3049.

A.S. for-brecan, to break in two.

Forbrende, burnt up, consumed, 3784.

Fordede, killed, 426.

A.S. for-dón, to destroy.

Fordred, afraid, 1557, 1763, 2191.

Fore, departure, 2984.

A.S. fór, fóru, faru, a way, journey.

Foren, before, 3541, 3866.

A.S. fóran, before.

Foren, (pl.) went, 2482.

See Fare.

For-fare, For-faren, to perish, 1087, 1134, 3018.

A.S. for-faran.

{185}Forfrigted, afraid, frightened, 3519.

Forgaf, forgave, 2499.

Forgat, forgot, 2092.

Forgeten, (inf.) to forget, 912, 1400, 1806;

(p.p.) forgotten, 1152, 2179, 3128.

For-hadede, consecrated (by burning), 3338.

A.S. hadian, to consecrate.

? for-ha[r]dede, hardened.

For-held, withheld, 2026.

For-hele, (subj.) hide, 3512.

For-helen, (inf.) to hide, 2593.

A.S. for-hélan, to hide, conceal.

For-hid, hidden, concealed, 1875.

For-hirked, tired of, 3658.

A.S. earg, slothful, dull, timid;

yrhð, sloth, fear.

For-holen, For-olen, (p.p.) concealed, hidden, 1747, 1759, 1870, 2317, 2331, 3446.

For-hugede, rejected, 3814.

A.S. for-hugian, to despise.

Forles, lost, 189, 259, 502, 808.

A.S. for-leósan, to lose.

For-leten, (pl.) forsook, 4068.

For-listede, from forlisten, to desire greatly, yearn for (see Orm. l. 11475);

or does forlistede = deceived (?), 1851.

Cf. Ger. list, craft, deceit.

For-loren, (pret. pl.) lost, 241;

(p.p.) 1886, 2511, 3468;

accursed, reprobate, 546;

destroyed, 1143.

For-numen, taken away, 2228.

See Nimen.

For-quat, wherefore, 1657, 2053.

For-red, deceived, 2192.

A.S. forrǽdan, to mislead, deceive.

For-sake, deny, 1767.

For-saken, refused, 3811.

For-sanc, sank entirely, 1114, 1117.

For-soc, refused, 1833.

For-sweðen, burn up, consume, 1140.

O.N. sviða, to burn, consume.

Forð, forth, away, forward, 249, 262, 578.

For-ðan, therefore, 1190, 1261;

because, 1996;

thereupon, 3162.

Forð-do, utter, 3993.

Forðe, perform, 1372.

Forðen, to promote, further, accomplish, 341, 4080;

follow, 4059.

A.S. fyrðrian, to further, support.

Forðere, further, 1304, 3488.

Forð-for, departure, exodus, 3158.

A.S. forð-faru.

Forð-geden, (pl.) passed, 1755.

See Gede.

Forð-glod, passed away, 113, 129, 157.

See Glod.

Forð-gon, extended, 835;

pass, 845;

gone, 2819.

Forði, therefore, wherefore, 1581, 1591.

A.S. forði.

Forð-nam, forth went, 3351.

See Nimen.

Forð-nimen, proceed, 2676.

Forð-numen, passed, 3640.

Forð-wexen, (pl.) passed, 1211.

For-token, token, sign, 2994.

Forward, covenant, agreement, 1719, 1992, 3014.

A.S. for-weard.

Forwerti, fowertieðe, fortieth, 3439.

For-went, changed, 1121.

See Wente.

For-weried, fatigued, 3894.

For-wrogt, accursed, 266.

Fostre, foster, nurse, 2620, 2624, 2625.

Fostred, fostered, brought up, 2618.

Fot, Fote, foot, 376, 1303, 1474;

'to fot,' at the feet, 2497.

Foueles, fowls, birds, 570, 947.

{186}Foure, Fowre, four, 559, 814, 816, 852.

Fowerti, fourty, 583, 589, 601, 3348.

Fowrtende, fourteenth, 3143.

Frame, profit, advantage, 133, 173, 626, 1837;

benefit, 2540.

Framen, to profit, serve, 1642;

use, 3146.

A.S. framian, to avail; freme, profit, gain.

Fre, free, 623, 3244.

Freinen, to question, 1047;

inquire, ask, 1426, 1643, 1792.

A.S. fregnan, to inquire, interrogate.

Freinede, inquired, 2759.

Frelike, freely, 2800.

Fremen, to strengthen, aid, comfort, 173, 1245.

A.S. fremian, to profit, prosper, do well.

Fremeðe, force, lust, 349.

A.S. freom, strong.

Fren, to deliver, rescue, 2787.

A.S. freón, to set free.

Frend, friend, 1084, 3587.

Frend, friends, 1775.

Frendes, friend's, 1270; friends', 1392, 1597.

Frenkis, French, 81.

Freten, to eat, devour, 371, 4027;

(p.p.) devoured, 2101.

A.S. fretan, to eat, fret (pret. fræt, p.p. freten).

Frigt, fright, fear, 1234.

Frigted, Frigtede, feared, 1861, 3978;

frightened, 1757.

Frigtful, timid, 3459.

Frigti, timid, frightened, afraid, 667, 1162, 1331, 2849;

formidable, 984.

Frigtihed, fear, awe, 542, 2222.

Frigtilike, Frigtlike, timidly, 1617, 2163, 3870.

Frið, protection, safety, 681, 683, 789.

Friðe, Friðen, preserve, protect, 786, 1070, 2335;

deliver, 3094;

prosper, 1520.

A.S. frið, peace; friðian, to make peace, protect, defend, keep, free.

Fro, from, 89, 261;

from the time that, 3206;

ph. fro ðan, from that time, 188;

from that place, 1247;

fro ða = fro ðan, 1264.

O.N. frá.

Froren, frozen, 97.

Cf. frore (Milton); and forloren from forleosan.

Froskes, frogs, 2977;

frogs', 2969.

A.S. frosc.

Froðer[ed]e, comforted, 893.

A.S. freoðian, to protect, give peace to.

Froward, from, 3322.

Froure, comfort, consolation, 54.

A.S. frofer, comfort; frofrian, to comfort.

Fruit, 216.

Fuel, fowl, 160, 161, 1124.

Fueles, fowls, 16.

Fugel, foul, 2556.

Fugel, fowl, bird, 221, 299.

A.S. fugel.

Fugeles, fowls, 2081, 2089, 3323, 3679.

Fugel-fligt, fowl-flight, 3321.

Ful, full, 109, 110, 111.

Fulfillen, perform, 1222.

Fulfilt, accomplished, 1950.

Fulsum, rich, plenteous, abundant, 748, 2153.

Fulsum-hed, abundance, 1548, 2128, 2297, 3320.

Fultum, aid, help, 2824, 3929.

A.S. fultum, help.

Funde, Funden, (pl.) found, 1973, 2948, 3298, 3299.

Funden, (p.p.) found, 3190, 3366;

discovered, 3301.

Funden, to go, 2831, 2958.

A.S. fundian, to go forward.

Fundend = funden et, found it, 1082.

Funt, font, 3290.

{187}

Gad, a rod, 3185.

A.S. gád, goad.

Gaderen, gather, 2134, 3335.

Gaf, Gafe, gave, 232, 238, 681, 1500.

Gamen, pleasure, 411, 2015;

sport, 3498;

tricks, 1214.

A.S. gamen.

Gan, did, 91, 1417, 1421.

Gare = yare, soon, quickly, 390, 2866, 3180.

A.S. gare, gearo.

Garen, prepare, get ready for a journey, 1417, 1595;

exhibit, show, 138;

to hasten, 3168.

A.S. gearwan, gyrwan, to make ready, prepare.

Garkede, arrayed, 3261.

Garknede, prepared, 3240.

O.E. yark; A.S. gearcian, to prepare, make ready.

Gast, ghost, 202, 2428.

A.S. gást.

Gastes, ghost's, 1486, 2994.

Gat, Gatte, Gatten, granted, 635, 1574, 2477, 2513;

gave, 659.

A.S. geatan, to grant. O.N. geta.

Ge = ghe, she, 1024.

Ge, ye, 329, 330.

Geald, requited, 2581.

See Gelden.

Gede, went, 618, 1236, 1947, 3057.

Geden, (pl.) went, 1034, 3195;

passed away, 1673.

Gef, if, 311.

Geld, (pret.) performed, 1884;

requited, 2758;

(imp.) requite, 2152.

Gelden, to requite, reward, 6;

pay, 1628.

A.S. geldan, to pay, yield, restore (pret. geald, p.p. golden).

Gelus, jealous, 3495.

Gem, heed, 2614.

A.S. geame, gyme, care.

Geming, care, protection, 2783.

A.S. gýman, to take care of, preserve.

Ger, year, 150, 152.

Ger, years, 415, 419.

Gerde = yard, rod, 2851, 2987.

A.S. geard.

Gere, an error for dere, precious, 1574.

Geren, set in order (for burial,) 2441.

See Garen.

Geres, years, 2153.

Gerken, prepare, 2255.

See Garknede.

Gerneden, (pl.) yearned, 3657.

Geste, guest, 1054;

guests, 1070.

Gestning, feast, festival, 1507.

A.S. gyst, a guest; gystenlíc, hospitable.

Get, (pret.) poured, flowed, 585;

(imp.) pour, 2815.

A.S. geótan, to pour, pour out, shed (pret. geát, p.p. gegoten).

Get, Gete, yet, 313, 375, 503, 1488.

Gete, obtain, get, 1497.

Geten, melt, cast, 3548.

See Get.

Getenes = yetenes, giants, 545.

A.S. eóten, a giant.

Getenisse, gigantic, 3715.

Gette, poured, 582.

Geue, given, 301.

Geuelic, like, 282.

A.S. ge-efenlǽcan, to be like.

Geuelengðhe (even length), equinox, 147, 149.

Geuen, to give, 1508, 2398;

given, 2458.

Ghe = she, 237, 337, 339.

Ghe = ghet, yet, 1477.

Gif, (imp.) give, 1492.

Giftes, gifts, 1416.

Gildes = cildes, child's, 2624.

Gilt, Gilte, guilt, 2262, 2409.

Ging, king, 2547.

Ginge, young, 4049.

A.S. ging.

{188}Ginges, king's, 3932.

Girt, girded, 3149.

Gisarme, pike, axe, 4084.

Gisce, covet, 3515.

Giscing, covetousness, 1874, 3432, 3516.

A.S. gítsung, desire.

Gisse, covetest, 3517.

A.S. gítsian, to desire.

Gister-dai, yesterday, 2732.

Giuen, to give, 11, 1613.

Glað, Glaðe, = glade; glad, 1779; 2297, 3671.

Glente, looked affrighted, stared in astonishment, 1029.

It signifies originally merely to shine, look.

"Þys persone lay and lokede furth

Vntyl a cofre yn þe florthe;

Þar-to þe frere gaf gode tente

Whyderwarde hys eyȝen glente."

—(Robt. of Brunne's Handlying Synne.)

Glew, music, 459.

A.S. gleó.

Gliden, (inf.) to glide, go, 370, 952;

flowed, (pret pl.) 733;

(p.p.) passed, 3460.

Glod, glided, passed, 76, 113, 129.

Gnattes, gnats', 2988.

God, Gode, good, 1191, 1545, 1576.

God, goeth, 2030.

Gode, 'to gode,' gratuitously, 2890.

Gode-frigtihed, Godes-frigtihed, god-fearingness, the fear of God, 495, 542.

Godfulhed, godhead, 56.

Gol = gold, 1872.

Godun, (acc.) good, 1430.

Golhed, lust, 534.

A.S. gál, wanton; gálnes, lust.

Gon, (inf.) to go, 643, 845, 2561;

(pl.) go, 3124;

(p.p.) gone, 639, 835;

departed, 4128.

Goren, darts, 3458.

A.S. gár, a dart, javelin.

Got, goat, 940.

Goð, (imp.) come, 3585.

Goð, God, 4132.

Goue, should give, 3941.

Gouel, tax, tribute, 844, 846, 848.

A.S. gafel, gafol, tax, tribute.

Gouen, (pl.) gave, 844, 2922, 2975.

Grantede, consented, 1423.

Grapte, felt, grasped, 1544.

A.S. grápian, to feel, grope.

Gram, fierce, 1228.

A.S. gram, furious, fierce.

Grauen, (inf.) to bury, 3778;

(p.p.) dug, 1138;

buried, 2431;

carved, 2701, 3186, 3624.

Grauen, an error for þrauen, control, 276.

A.S. þrafian, to urge, compel.

Graunte, grant, 2536.

Gred, (sb.) cry, clamour, 3230, 3717.

Gredde, cried, 3585.

A.S. grædan, to cry, call.

Gredi, hungry, 1494.

A.S. grǽdig, greedy, from grædan, to cry, call for. Goth. gredags, hungry.

Grei, grey, 1723.

Greim, grievous, hard, 392.

A.S. gremian, to make severe or cruel; grim, rage; grim, sharp, bitter.

Greiðet, hastens, 1738.

O.N. greiða, to make ready.

Grene, green, 608, 2775, 2776.

Gres, grass, 3049, 3088.

Gresseoppes, grasshoppers, locusts, 3065.

A.S. gærshoppa, grasshopper.

Gret, great, 2098, 3226.

Gret, grit, earth, 3774.

A.S. greót, dust, earth.

Gret, (sb.) weeping, 3888.

Gret, wept, 1975, 2287, 2341.

A.S. grǽtan, to weep (pret. grét; p.p. grǽten).

Grete, (pl.) great, 2892.

Greten, (pl.) wept, cried, 3207, 3659.

{189}Greteð, greeteth, 2382, 2864.

Greueð, grieveth, 3818.

Grið, protection, safety, security, 469, 560, 682, 1397.

A.S. grið, peace, protection; griðian, to protect, defend.

Grot, weeping, mourning, lamentation, 1577, 1978, 2289, 3717.

See Gret.

Groten, to bewail, 1984.

Grucheden, murmured, 3354.

Gruching, murmuring, 3318.

Grund, Grunð, ground, 2110, 2640, 3278.

Grunden, (pret. pl.) ground, 3339.

Grusnede, groaned, 481.

O.N. grijsen, grijnsen, to snarl, grin. Ger. grausen, to shudder, grunzen, to grunt.

Gu, you, 325, 399, 2260.

Guglond, kingdom, 1264.

Gulden, (pl.) requited, 1062;

(p.p.) requited, 927.

Gummes = gimmes, gems, 2700.

A.S. gimm.

Gunc, you two, 2830.

A.S. inc.

Gund, Gunde, yonder, 1101;

there, 3851.

A.S. geond.

Gune, (pl.) did, 3135.

Gunen. See Gunne.

Gunge, young, 2281, 2756.

Gungere, younger, 1508, 1510.

Gungest, Gunkeste, youngest, 1909, 2160, 2190.

Gunker, of you two, both your, 398.

A.S. incer.

Gunne, Gunnen, Gunen, (pl.) did, 218, 534, 540, 592, 1344, 1953, 2378, 2492, 2755.

Gur, Gure, your, 404, 2178, 2260;

of you, 2318, 3471.

Guð, youth, 2665.

A.S. gugoð, youth.

Hadde, (pret.) had, 193, 3392.

Hadden, (pret. pl.) had, 413, 2930.

Hagte = agte, possession, wealth, 431, 2582.

See Agte.

Hagt = agt, sorrow, grief, care, 486, 2044, 2082.

See Agte.

Haigre, hair cloth, 1977.

See Allit. Poems, C. 373.

A.S. hæra, sackcloth.

Halge, hallow, 3501.

Halle, all, 2340.

Hali, holy, 54;

'hali day,' 3501;

'hali gast,' 202, 2438.

Halp, helped, succoured, 26.

Ham, am, 926.

Hane, torment, oppression, 3354.

A.S. hýnan, to hurt, vex; hean, poor; hænð, want.

Hangen, hanged, 4075.

Hard, obstinate, 3061;

(adv.) hard, 3386.

Harde, troublesome, difficult, 2054;

severely, 3355.

Hardi, fearless, 2121.

Hardnesse, obstinacy, 3022, 3067.

Haswed, spotted, variegated, 1723.

A.S. haso, livid, dusky, dark, rugged, haswig, variegated.

Hatte, called.

See Het.

Hatel, severe, cruel, 2544.

A.S. hétol; S.Sax. hatel.

Heg, Hege, high, 2011;

loud, 2780, 3380, 4100.

A.S. heg, heh.

Hegere, higher, upper, 3392.

Hegest, highest, 30, 2142.

Heilnesse, health, 2068.

A.S. hǽlnes, wholeness, health.

Helde = eld, age, 457, 1527.

Heled, healed, 229.

Helden, (pl.) held, 285.

Helden, to hold, 3274.

Held forð, took, 165.

Heli, holy, 51, 204.

Helid, covered, 1636.

A.S. hélan, to cover, conceal. Prov. E. hele, hile.

Helle, hell;

'helle-dik,' 281;

{190}'helle-bale,' 2525;

'helle-dale,' 1983;

'helle-pine,' 2530.

Helles, hell's, 22.

Helpe, (vb.) help, 2528;

(sb.) help, assistance, 496, 1802, 2647.

Helped, helpeth, 4062.

Helpeles, helpless, 3558.

Helpen, to help, 176, 1272.

Helpes, helpers, 3409.

Helðe, health, safety, 2344.

Hem, an error for him, 180.

Hem, them, 392, et passim.

Hem-seluen, themselves, 537, 2889.

Hemward; to h., to them, 2726.

Hende, Henden, near, 3361, 3370.

O.E. i-hende; A.S. ge-hende, hende.

Heug, hung, 3899.

Hente, seized, caught, struck, 2715.

A.S. hentan, to seize.

Her, here, 170, 175, 177, 184.

Her = here, of them, 2258.

Her, hear, 3525.

Her = er, before, 801.

Her-after, here-after, 243.

Herberge, lodging, 1392.

Herberged, lodged, 1602.

A.S. here-bergan, to lodge, harbour, from here, an army.

Herbergen, to lodge, 1057.

Her-bi, hereby, 3572.

Herdes, (gen.); uten herdes = out of (his) own country, 2410.

Herdes-folc = erdes-folc, land-folk, people, 3372.

Herde, heard, 1285, 1611.

Herden, (pl.) heard, 1139, 3492, 3521.

Here, theirs, 1920.

Here, army, host, 1787, 2679.

A.S. here.

Here, hear, 3426, 3473.

Here-gonge, invasion, 848.

Here[n], expedition, 2479.

See Here.

Heren, to hear, 1370, 2531.

Herf = erf, cattle, 2991.

Herte, heart, 518, 520, 1302;

g.s. of heart, 2936;

courage, 3253.

Herte-bren, heart-burning, lust, 4054.

Hertedin, encouraged, consoled, 1980.

Hertes, hearts, 1917.

Herting, consolation, 1982.

Herðe, an error for herte, heart, 2856.

Herðe = herde = erde, land, 806.

Het, promised, 2365, 2954;

was called, 2588, 2589, 3333.

A.S. hátan, to command, promise (pret. hét, p.p. háten); hátan, to call (pret. hátte).

Hete, heat, 1228, 1229.

Heten, (pl.) promised, 3450.

Heðen, hence, 1644, 2508.

O.N. hëðan.

Heued, Heuod, head, 376, 1193, 1604.

Heuedes, heads, 2926.

Heued-welle, spring, 868.

Heuene, Heuone, heaven, 40, 270;

'heuene bem' (the sun?), 1606;

'heuene dew,' 1547, 1573;

'heuene gate,' 1620;

'heuone hil,' 281;

'heuene rof' (heaven-roof, firmament), 101.

Heuene-ward, heaven-ward, 3025.

Heuerilc, every, 368.

Heui, heavy, 2565.

Heuones, heavens, 287.

Hewe, form, 4051,

Hic = ic, I, 34, 2783.

Hicte = higte, was called, 713.

See Hiegt.

Hidden, (pl.) hid, 3028.

Hidel-like, secretly, 2882.

Hiden, to hide, 352.

Hider, hither, 2344, 2895.

{191}Hiegt, threatened, 217.

A.S. héht, pret. of hátan, to promise.

Higte, was called, 747.

Hil, hill, 1290, 1293.

Hiled = hileð, covers, encloses, 102;

(p.p.) hidden, concealed, 3184.

See Helid.

Himseluen, himself, 1338.

Hin, Hine, him, 47, 3004, 3468.

Hine-folc, servants, 3655.

A.S. hína, híne, a domestic.

Hines-kin, servants, 3776.

Hinke = inke, fear, dread, 432.

A.S. inca, doubt.

Hird, flock, 2988;

host, 3222, 3261, 3263, 3266;

household, 1001.

A.S. heord, herd.

Hird, hurt, 3962.

Hirde, shepherd, 456.

A.S. hirde.

Hirde-men, shepherds, 2395.

Hirdenesse, Hirdnesse, herds, flocks, 1664, 1732, 1930, 2771.

Hirdes, shepherds, 1643.

Hire, wages, 1718, 1722.

Hire, her, 238, 322;

hers, 2035.

His = is, 2935.

His, Hise, his, 44, 45, 46;

its, 125.

Hogt, called (?), 2119.

See Higte.

Hol, whole, 1835, 2776, 2812.

A.S. hál.

Hold, old, 419, 424, 1453.

Hold, kind, attentive, 1389;

true, faithful, 2704, 3284.

A.S. hold, faithful, friendly, true.

Hold, (adv.) truly, 3941.

Holden, (pl.) hold, 1201, 2236;

(p.p.) held, 1425, 2040;

esteemed, 1518.

Holdet, holdeth, 1132.

Holdelike, faithfully, truly, 1546.

A.S. holdlíce.

Holocaust, Holocaustum, 1319, 1326.

Holpen, (pl.) helped, 3382, 3674.

Holðe, possession, property, 1772.

Hom, home, 1711.

Homward, homeward, 1431, 2376.

Hond, hand, 104, 959.

Hondes, hands, 3383, 3385.

Hor = or = before, 958.

See Or.

Hore, whore, 4082.

Horedom, whoredom, adultery, 3509.

Hore-men, adulterers, 4072.

Hore-plage, adultery, 530, 4067.

Hornes, horn's, 3464.

Hostel, lodging, 1397.

O.Fr. hostel, hosteil.

Hot, promise, 935.

Hoten, Hotene, (p.p.) called, 101, 1566, 2522;

promised, 2508, 3704, 4098, 4118.

See Het.

Hoteð, (imp.) promise, 2510.

Hu, how! 3077.

Hu, how, 244, 295.

Hun-frame, disadvantage, evil, 554.

A.S. unfreme.

Hunger, famine, 1513, 2150.

Hunger-bond, force of hunger, famine, 763.

Hungri gere, famine years, 2136.

Huni, Hunige, honey, 2788, 3340.

Hunkinde, unnatural, 534.

Hunne, grant, 2249.

A.S. unnan, to grant.

Hunte, delay, 314.

Huntere, hunter, 1481.

Hun-wreste, wicked, 537.

A.S. wræst, good; unwræst, base.

Hure, our, 322, 2206.

Hus, house, 1619, 2010.

Huses, houses, 1602.

Hus-folc, household, 3139.

I, Ic, I, 309, 314, 315, 317.

Idel, 'in idel,' in vain, 3497.

Ideles, idols, 3197.

Idelhed, vanity, 28.

{192}Iglic, ugly, 2918.

See Uglike.

Ik = ilk, same, 73.

Ilc, Ilk, each, 68, 119, 134.

A.S. ælc.

Ilc, Ilke, same, 258, 313, 1184.

Ilc-kinnes, of each kind, 220.

Ilc-on, each one, every, 1379.

Ille, ill, wicked, 1916, 4038, 4063;

badly, wickedly, 1706, 4029.

In = hin = him, 3887.

In-gon, entered, 1068.

In-wis = iwis, truly, indeed, 1515, 2521.

A.S. gewís.

Irin, iron, 467.

Is, his, 482, 483, 1737.

Is = his, its, 327.

Is, them, 1702, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1833, 1873, 1877, 2654, 2655, 3115, 3831, 3832.

Ist = is it, is there, 1121.

It, they, 298, 1920.

It, there, 2808.

Iurnes, days' journeys, 1291, 3696.

Iusted, allied, intermarried, 1589.

Iuel, Iwel, (sb.) evil, 328;

(adj.) bad, evil, 310, 502, 3718;

(adv.) wickedly.

I-wis, I-wisse, truly, indeed, 91, 109.

I-wreken, avenged, 1856.

I-wrogt, wrought, 3215.

Kagte, pret. of catch, drove, 949.

Kalues, calf's, 1013.

Kamel, camel, 1398.

Kameles, camels, 1365.

Kenned, taught, 216.

A.S. cennan, to adduce, to vouch the truth.

Kep, care, heed, 939, 946, 1333, 2602.

A.S. cépan, to keep, heed.

Kepen, to keep, look to, 2453, 3378.

Kepte, kept, 2625.

Kepten, (pl.) kept, 2772.

Kid, made known, 2357.

Kidde, made known, 1651.

Kiddit, showed it, made it known, 1394, 1654.

Kides, kids, 1535;

kid's, 1967.

Kin, family, kin, 652.

Kinnes, kin's, 756, 828.

Kinde, natural, 78;

native, 1279.

Kinde, kind, nature, 185, 250, 457.

Kinde, kin, family, 488, 650.

Kindelike, kindly, with natural affection, 2500.

Kinderedes, kindreds, 4127.

Kindes, kinsmen, 1549;

'in kindes wune,' kin-wise, naturally, 1345;

'aftre kindes wune,' after the manner of relatives, 1652;

family's, tribe's, 1389, 3824.

Kinge-riches, kingdoms', 2789.

Kipte, seized, 3164.

O.N. kippa.

See Allit Poems, B. 1510, and Gloss., s.v. Kyppe.

Kire, purity, 451;

choice, 1536;

custom, 1693, 2451.

A.S. cýre, choice; Ger. küren, to choose.

Kiste, kissed, 1652, 2355.

Knape, man-servant, 477, 482;

male, 2585.

A.S. cnápa, a man.

Knapes, boys, 2573.

Knaue, male child, 1151.

Kne, degree, 444.

A.S. cneo.

Knewen, (pl.) knew, 2904.

Knigt, knight, 283.

Knol, knoll, top, 4129.

A.S. cnoll.

Knowen, know, 2872;

known, 3037.

Komen, (pl.) came, 2577.

Kude = cuðe, could, 2114, 2366.

Ku[n]glond, kingdom, 1262.

Kumeling, stranger, 834.

O.H.Ger. chomeling. O.E. comeling.

{193}Kumen, to come, 399, 984, 1007.

Kumen, (p.p.) come, 902, 1556.

Kuppe, cup, 2047.

Kuð, renowned, 2666.

A.S. cúð, known.

Kuðe, could, 289.

La, lo! 3113.

Lage, marriage, 538;

'in lage,' in marriage, 2764.

Cf. Goth. liugan, to marry, liuga, wedlock.

Lages, Laiges, laws, 2446, 2456.

Lagt, seized, 2081, 2621;

caught, 3141.

A.S. læhte, pret. of læccan, to seize.

Laken, to fail, lack, 1231.

O.E. lac, lak, fault. Du. lack, want, fault; laecken, to decrease.

Laten = leten, to let, 3071.

Laðes, barns, 2134.

Dan. lade.

Lay, law, 1201.

Leate, (imp.) leave, 1811.

Leateð, (imp.) let, 3726.

Leaued, leafy, 3839.

Lecher-crafte, lechery, 1064.

Lecher-fare, lechery, 776.

Lecherlike, lecherously, 770.

Lecherie, lechery, 3510.

Lechur-hed, lechery, 1997.

Led, song, 27.

A.S. leoð. Ger. lied.

Led, (p.p.) brought, 649;

(imp.) lead, 3607.

Ledde, (pret.) led, 89, 92.

Leddede = ledde, led, 3995.

Ledden = ledde, led, 2845.

Ledden, (pl.) led, 858, 1990.

Leded = ledeð, (imp.) lead, pass, 398.

Leden, to lead, 2193;

pass, 304;

take up, 699;

act, 2301, 2304.

Leddre, ladder, 1607.

Leet, left, 1280.

A.S. lǽtan, to leave (pret. lét, p.p. lǽten).

Lef, agreeable, pleasant, 340, 2664;

dear, precious, 793, 1774, 3431;

joyful, 4136.

A.S. leóf.

Lefful, dear, precious, 155, 2524;

faithful, 3447.

Legeð, lies, speaks falsely, 1281.

Leid, (p.p.) laid, 817, 2426, 2427.

Leide, (pret.) laid, 943, 2693.

Leiden, (pl.) laid, 1969.

Leigen, (pl.) lay, 1920.

Leiste, least, 198.

Leið, layeth, 3994.

Leman, wife, 782.

A.S. leof-man.

Len, reward, 2838.

Lene, lean, 2099, 2101, 2106.

Lene, grant, 4159.

Lened, leaned, 1610.

Lenen, lend, grant, 3170.

A.S. lǽnan.

Leng, Lengere, longer, 1594, 1736.

Lentil, 1488.

Lep, leapt, 2726.

Lepre, leprosy, 3690.

Lered, learned, 4.

Lerede, taught, instructed, 791, 2300, 2963;

learnt, 1383.

Lereden, (pl.) learned, 3137.

Leren, to learn, 354.

A.S. lǽran, to teach, inform.

Lereð, (imp.) learn, 3486.

Les, less, 3595.

Les, delivered, loosed, 2874.

Les, falsely, 3498.

A.S. leas, false.

Lese, lie, 3514.

Lesen, loosed, 3152;

deliver, 2897.

Lesing, lies, 2578.

Lesse, less, 994.

Leste, least, 189.

Lested, Lestede, lasted, 600, 2952, 4147.

Lested = lesteð, lasteth, 111.

Lested = lesteð, (imp.) listen or perform, 2510.

{194}Lesteful, everlasting, 304.

Lesten, (inf.) to last, 12;

(pl.) last, 4119.

Lesten, to perform, 2906.

Ger. leisten.

"And thei ben false and traiterous

and lasten not that thei bihoten."—(Mandeville.)

Let, 'let ben' = let be, 1809.

Let, pretended, 2168.

A.S. lǽtan, to pretend (pret. lét, p.p. lǽten).

Let, left, 725, 809.

Let, (p.p.) led, 476.

Lete, (sub.) permit, 2796.

Leten, (inf.) to let, permit, 3056;

lose, 767.

Leten, (inf.) forsake, 4142.

Leten, (pl.) left, forsook, 542;

allowed, permitted, 629, 2610.

Letten, to leave, 2612.

Letting, hindrance, 1076, 3204.

Lettre, letter, 993, 2527.

Leð, diminution, 3348.

Leunes, lions, 191.

Leue, dear, precious, 90, 2421, 2868;

dearly, 49.

A.S. leóf.

Leue, grant, 2532.

Leue, leave, permission, 784, 805.

Leuede, believed, 935.

Leuedi, lady, 968, 980, 2616.

Leueles, without leave, 1848.

Leuelike, kindly, 2275;

gladly, joyfully, 3434.

Leuene, lightning, 3265.

Leuenes, lightning's, 3046.

Norse ljón, ljún.

Leuerd = louerd, lord, 33.

Leues, leaves, 352.

Lewse, pasture, 1576.

A.S. lǽsu (acc. lǽswe), lǽswian, to pasture.

Ley, lay, 4113.

Lich, Liche, body, corpse, 2441, 2488, 4140.

A.S. líc.

Liches, bodies, 2447, 3206.

Licham, Lichame, body, 200, 350.

A.S. líchama, the (living) body.

Lichles, corpseless, 3164.

Liderlike, Liðerlike, treacherously, 3562;

wickedly, deceitfully, 1563.

See Liðer.

Lif, life, 176, 267, 504;

'in lif,' alive, 1364.

Ligber, Lucifer, 271.

A.S. lig-bǽr, flame-bearing.

Ligið, lies, 889.

Ligt, light, 44, 53, 57.

Ligt, descended, come upon, 2787.

Ligt, soon, 2252.

Ligten, to descend, 1983.

Ligtlike, lightly, 1218.

Ligtnesse, insight, knowledge, 1559.

Lik, like, 223.

Likede, pleased, 2299, 4029.

Likeles, dissimilar, 1726.

Likenes, Likenesse, Liknesse, likeness, 202, 678, 682, 684, 688, 2641.

Likenesses, 2701.

Liket = like it, 205.

Lim, lime, 2552.

Limed, cemented, 562.

Limes, limbs, members, 348, 352.

Lin, lie, 942, 3851.

Lire, loss, 2920.

A.S. lyre.

List = lust, desire, want, 978, 1230.

Listen, to listen, 1220.

Listeðe, 2814. Read 'liste ðe' = listen to thee.

Listnede, Listenede, listened, 1597, 2137, 2222, 3403, 3538.

Lit, stain, 1968.

O.N lita, to stain.

Lið, lieth, 735, 812, 1916, 3892.

Lið, limb, 1804.

A.S. lið.

Liðer, bad, vile, 369.

A.S. lýðer.

Liue, life, 265, 629, 3806.

{195}Liue-dai, life, 652;

liue-dages, life-days, life-time, 4119.

Liuede, lived, 777, 908.

Liuen, (inf.) to live, 308, 573, 2044.

Liuen, (pl.) live, 2496.

Liues, life's, 201, 496.

Liues, alive, 1477, 3042;

living, 3802;

'of liues,' alive, 2834.

Liueð, liveth, 503.

Liwe, life, 3884.

Liwen, live, 4097.

Loac = loc, gift, 1798.

A.S. lác, gelác.

Loar, loss, 177, 181.

A.S. lor.

Loc, look, behold, 3331.

Lockende, looking, seeing, 2822.

Lodelike, loathly, 3030.

Loder-man, leader, 3723, 4110.

A.S. lád-man; O.E. lodesman, from A.S. lád, ládu, a way. Cf. Eng. loadstar.

Logede men, laymen, 2.

Loke, (imp.) look, take heed, 3511.

Loked, kept, guarded, 193.

Loked, awarded, decided, 3810.

Loken, to look, 2600;

look to, take care of, 2771, 3193.

A.S. lócian.

Loken, to keep from, abstain from, 215.

Lond, Londe, land, 103, 208, 1843.

Londes, lands, countries, 3700.

Londes-speche, (native) language, 18.

Lond-speches, languages, 669.

Lond-weige, land-way, path, 2681.

Lore, learning, wisdom, 3635.

A.S. lár.

Lordehed, lordship, 196.

Lote, cheer, face, 1162, 2328.

S.Sax. lote, late. O.N. læti. A.S. wlíte.

Loten, features, 2258.

Loten, to fail, 3131.

Loð, loathsome, 369;

displeasing, 1216, 1736.

A.S. láð.

Loðt = loð, displeasing, 340.

Loðlic, loathsome, horrid, 749.

Louerd, Louered, lord, 30, 275, 282, 997.

A.S. hlaford.

Louerdhed, lordship, 190, 832.

Louereding, lording, lord, ruler, 833.

Louerdes, lord's, 1388.

Louerdis, lord's, 2272.

Lowe, flame, 643.

O.N. log.

Lude, loudly, 3585.

Luked, locked, closed, 3276.

Luken, (p.p.) enclosed, 94, 3779;

shut, 362;

beset, 2886.

Luket = lukeð, encloseth, 98.

Luten, to bow down to, 1926.

A.S. lútan, to bow down to (pret. sing. leát; pl. luton; p.p. loten).

Lutten, (pret. pl.) bowed down to, worshipped, 2163, 3550, 4070.

Luue, love, 8, 35, 51.

Luue-bonde, power of love, 2692.

Luued, Luuede, loved, 770, 1174.

Luueden, (pl.) loved, 549, 2152.

Luuen, (sb.) love, 635, 1517, 2002, 4081.

Luuen, to love, 1, 5, 9, 2042.

Luuen, (pl.) love, 49, 3586.

Ma = mai, may, 295.

Mac, (imp.) make, 3541.

Mad, (p.p.) made, 122, 184.

Maden, (pl.) made, 1992, 2960, 2974.

Magnie = manige, many, 877.

Magti, mighty, 584, 3797.

Mai, may, 371.

Maidenes, maidens, 1145, 1153, 2749.

Maidenhed, maidenhead, 1852.

Maked, makeð, maketh, 1591.

{196}Maked, made, 2470, 2515.

Maken, to make, 278, 1269, 1312, 2018.

Male, 'helles male,' hell's mail, 22.

Malt, melted, 1017, 3337.

Man = manie, many, 1488.

Man, one, 1, 3, 1130.

Mani, Manie, many, 696, 836, 1362, 2392.

Manige, many, 413, 428, 437.

Manige-fold, many fold, 2502.

Manigon, many one, 630.

Mankin, mankind, 240.

Manliched, manhood, 23.

Manne, man, 366.

Mannes, man's, 141, 327, 501, 753.

Manslagt, manslaughter, 485.

Mat, foolish, doted, 1589.

Du. mat, exhausted, overcome; Ger. matt, feeble, faint.

Mattilike, faintly, 1493.

Mayden-childre, girls, 2574.

Mede, reward, meed, 1419.

Medes, rewards, 3940.

Meidenes, maidens, 1139.

Meister, (adj.) master, chief, 664, 3412, 3881, 3886;

(sb.) master, 2729, 3422.

Meistres, chiefs, 3756, 4072.

Mel, meal, food, 1020, 1246, 1484, 1509.

Melten, to melt, 99, 3579.

Men, one, 750, 1127, 1293.

Mene, company, fellowship, 501.

A.S. ge-mána, a company, marriage.

"Forr drihhtin haffde þanne sett

Amang Iudissken þeode,

Þatt nan ne shollde filedd ben

Þurrh hæþenn macchess mæne."

—(Orm. i. 65.)

Mengde, mixed, 3581.

Mengen, to mix, 468.

A.S. mengian.

Mengt, mixed, 1592.

Mengten, (pl.) mixed, 544.

Mentel, mantle, 2026.

Merci, mercy, 1241, 3602.

Merk, Merke, character, mark, 457;

sign, 1003.

Merke, boundary, 440, 3455;

memorial, stone, 1887, 3490.

Messe-song, mass-song, 2466.

Mester, arts, devices, craft, 532, 536;

duty, office, 3826.

Lat. ministerium; Span. menestre.

Met, (sb.) measure, 439, 3333.

Mete, meat, food, 573, 1487, 1492, 1498.

Meten, devised, formed, 2701.

Cf. metedd, painted (Orm. i. 34, 36).

A.S. metan, to measure, paint.

Meten, meat, 363, 2255, 3657.

Meten, to meet, 2828.

Mette, (pret.) met, 888.

Metten, (pl.) met, 1790.

Með, Meðe, mercy, pity, 195, 1044, 2498, 3011, 3601, 4076.

A.S. mæð, measure, moderation; mæðian, to use gently.

Meðede, pitied, compassionated, 1242.

Meðelike, mildly, kindly, 1758.

Meðen, to have mercy upon, to spare, 1046.

See Með.

Michel, Michil, great, 1209, 1366, 1671.

A.S. mycel.

Mide, with, 2478, 2963.

Middel, Middil, middle, 98, 288.

Middel-erd, middle-earth, earth, 106.

Middel-hed, (sb.) middle, 522.

Middes-werld, the earth, 42.

Midel, middle, 3159.

Midelerdes, middle-earth's, 521.

Midlest, middle, 427, 710.

Migt, 54, 56, 584.

Migte, mighty, 3038.

Migten, (pl.) might, 573, 876, 1147.

{197}Migtful, (adj.) mighty, powerful, 100, 2902, 2916, 3464, 4008, 4025, 4026;

(sb.) mighty ones, 3755.

Migti, mighty, 546, 983.

Mikel, Mikil, great, 26, 389, 486, 1252.

See Michel.

Milce, mercy, 3728.

A.S. milts.

Milche, milk, 2788.

Milche = Milce, mercy, 3732;

merciful, 2903, 3603.

Milde, kind, merciful, 128;

meek, gentle, 1306, 1441.

Mildelike, meekly, 1321, 1371, 1423;

gently, 2778.

Min, mine, 1566, 1567.

Mind, quantity, 3676.

Mirc, dark, mirk, 286.

O.N. myrkr, dark; myrka, to darken.

Miri, Mirie, merry, pleasant, 212, 294;

cheerful, 2258.

Miries, an error for mirie, pleasant, 1038.

Mirknesse, darkness, 3104.

Mis, (sb.) wrong, 206.

Mis-ches = mischose, sinned, 190.

Misdede, misdid, sinned, 1847, 1890.

Misdedes, misdeeds, 3637.

Misdon, misdone, 1680, 2642, 3054.

Miserlike, indistinctly, 2658.

A.S. misse-líc, dissimilar, various.

Misfaren, to misbehave, 1911.

Misleuede, disbelieved, 3906.

Misliked, Mislikede, displeased, 1728, 4011.

Misnumen, (p.p.) sinned, 3091.

See Nimen.

Missen, to miss, lose, 3336.

O.N. missa. Du. missen.

Mistagte, misdirected, misled, 475.

Miste, missed, 3872, 3874.

Miswiuen, to miswive, marry unlawfully, 540.

Miðe, cease, remain quiet, 3807.

Du. mijden, to avoid, shun.

Mo, Moo, more, 354, 414, 428.

Moal = mal, speech, 81.

Du. maal. O.N. mâl.

"For Iesus o Grickisshe mal

Onn Ennglissch iss, Hælennde."

—(Orm. i. 147.)

Mod, Modd, Mode, mood, mind, 36, 128, 333, 717, 3577.

A.S. mód.

Moder, mother, 122, 1421.

Moderes, mother's, 1434.

Modi, moody, angry, 2660, 2712.

A.S. módig.

Modilike, cruelly, 2584.

Mog, male relative, 1761.

A.S. mæg, (m.) a relation, kinsman; mæge, (f.) a kinswoman.

Mogen, may, can, 3227.

Moned = moneð, month, 593, 597, 615.

Mone, moon, 132, 139, 141.

Monen, to moan, bewail, 180.

Mones, moon's, 144, 145.

Moneð, month, 145, 152, 619;

months, 2592.

Moo, more, 428.

Mor, more, 511, 993.

Morgen, morrow, morning, 247, 1161.

A.S. morgen.

Morgen-giwe = morgen-giue, nuptial gift, 1428.

A.S. morgen-gifu.

Morge-quile, Morgen-quile, morning while, a short space of time, 3275, 3443, 3461.

Morgen-tid, morning time, 59.

Morwen, morrow, morning, 2305, 3162.

Moste, most, greatest, 189, 198.

Mot, Mote, may, might, 1304, 1621, 3488;

should, 2645.

Moðed = moded, minded, 1584.

Mouies, aunt's, 1651.

Cp. Du. moei, aunt.

See Mog.

{198}Mount, 2853.

Mugen, (inf.) to be able, 1818, 2090, (pl.) 3017.

A.S. mágan.

Mune, (imp.) bear in mind, 45.

Mune, Munen, to bear in mind, remember, 197, 972, 1622, 2422;

commemorate, 687, 3138.

A.S. ge-munan, to remember, call to mind.

Munen, (pl.) bear in mind, 558, 1350.

Munendai, Monday, 72.

Muneð, remembers, 2409.

Muniging, Muning, commemoration, memorial, 678, 1623, 3344, 3394.

Munt, mount, 1744, 2773.

Muntes, mount's, 3487.

Murnen, to mourn, 2053.

Murning, mourning, 2908, 3205.

Musike, music, 460.

Muste, (pret. of mot) might, 2624.

Muð, mouth, 2655, 3971.

Muðes, mouths, 2216.

Muwen, may, 3316.

See Mugen.

Nagt, night, 1678, 3142, 3832.

Naild, nailed, 564.

Nam, took, 85, 200, 1218;

seized, 482, 673;

conceived, 1177;

came, 698, 1402;

came upon, 1490;

went, took the way, 744, 745, 1247, 1436.

See Nimen.

Name[n], name, 3497.

Narwere, narrower, 3965.

Ne, not, 554, et passim.

Ne-gate, no-gate, no-wise, 3224.

Nede, necessity, 2161, 2165, 3165.

Neddre, adder, serpent, 323, 369, 374.

Neddres, adders, serpents, 2930.

Nedful, needy, 2130.

Neet, neat, cattle, beeves, 2097.

See Net.

Neg, nigh, 833, 1234, 3320.

Negt = neg it, nigh it, 3964.

Neiðere, Neiðer, neither, 394, 1276.

Nemeld = nemned, assigned, 3533.

Nemnen, name, call, 82;

number, 4085.

A.S. nemnan, to name, call upon.

Ner, near, 478, 1395.

Nest, nearest, next, 3791, 3921.

Nestes, neighbour's, 3515.

A.S. nesta, a neighbour.

Net, Neet, neat, cattle, 940, 2097.

A.S. nýten, níten, cattle, beast. O.N. naut, an ox.

Netes, neat's, 3712.

Ne-ðe-les, nevertheless, 3853.

Neðer, downwards, 370.

Neðer-ten, to descend, 3567.

See Ten.

Neue, Neve, nephew, 724, 799, 1761.

A.S. nefa; Fr. neveu; O.Fr. neve.

Neuere, never, 230, 1240.

Newe, new, 694, 1286.

Newes, anew, 250.

Newelike, recently, 293.

Nifte, niece, 1386.

A.S. nift.

Nigt, night, 43, 76, 79.

Nigtes, nights, 590.

Nigenti, Nigneti, ninety, 990, 1027.

Nile, will not, 1806.

Nim, take, 1720.

Nimen, to take, 1042, 1739, 2362.

A.S. niman (pret. nám, p.p. numen).

Nið, envy, 373, 1915.

A.S. nið, malice; Ger. neid; O.N. nída, to abuse, disgrace. Nídíngr, a niggard, coward.

Niðede, envied, 1521.

Niðful, envious, 369, 1917.

Niðing, niggardliness, 3432.

Nogt, not, 330.

Nogwer, nowhere, 1271.

Nolden, (pl.) would not, 3029.

{199}Nome, (sb.) hostage, pledge, 2268.

See Nimen.

Nome, should take, 3341.

Nomen, (pl.) took, accepted, 1016, 1965;

(p.p.) come, 3039.

Non, no, none, 223, 275.

Noten, use, enjoy, eat, 3144.

A.S. notian, use, enjoy.

Nov, now, 749.

Nu, now, 356, 379.

Nuge, now, at once, 1328.

Numen, (p.p.) taken, 343, 366, 400, 409, 1316;

smitten, seized, 2107, 2826;

kept, 2268;

passed, gone, 579, 594, 1142, 2485, 2753, 2769;

practised, 1382.

Nunmor, no more, 788, 1118, 1420.

Nutes, nuts, 3840.

Nyð, envy, 273.

See Nið.

O, of, 111, 353, 674, 1196, 2330, 2556, 3577.

O = on, in, 81.

Oc, but = O.E. ac, 187, 213, 488, 852, 861.

A.S. ac.

Oc, also, 54, 465.

A.S. eác.

Oc = og, ought, 197.

Of, in, 1355, 1901;

from, 2390.

Of-dred, afraid, 3955.

Offerd, afraid, 2844.

Offiz, office, 2071.

Offrande, Offrende, Ofrende, (sb.) offering, 1298, 1309, 1312, 1314, 3631;

(adj.) 1503.

Offreden, (pl.) offered, 3619.

Offrendes, Ofrendes, offerings, 1627, 3551.

Offrigt, Ofrigt, afraid, 2050, 2225, 3652, 3692.

Of-slagen, slain, 4077.

Og, (pres.) owe, 2187;

ought, 1.

Ogen, (pres. pl.) ought, 15;

would, 2054.

Ogen, (adj.) own, 884.

Oget, ought, should, 324.

Ogt, aught, 1793.

Ok, also, 944.

See Oc.

Olde, old (ones), 3852.

Olie, oil, 1548, 2458.

Olige, oil, 1624.

Olike, alike, 2024.

Oliues, olive's, 608.

On, after, 1751.

On, an error for of = from, 649.

On, in, 4, 14, 38, 151, 161, 162, 164.

On, one, 56, 185, 454, 665;

'on and on,' singly, 1639, 2323.

On-dreg, (imp.) endure patiently, 3319.

See Dreg.

One, alone, 134, 308, 974, 2015.

Ones, once, 3288;

of one, 1720, 1725, 1730.

On-felde, afield, 1437.

On-kumen, invaded, 841.

A.S. on-cuman, to enter in.

On-liue, in life, alive, 2417, 3105, 3595.

On-morgen, On-morwen, a morrow, in the morning, 1093, 1161, 1417, 1680, 2305, 3162.

On-nigt, Onigt, by night, 869, 1781, 2049, 2123, 3293.

Onon, anon, at once, 1067, 1145.

On-ros, arose, 1936.

A.S. on-rísan, to rise up.

On-rum, aside, apart, 4000, 4021.

A.S. rúm, room, space, place.

On-sagen = unsagen = unsaw, reproach, 2045.

On-seken, (pl.) attack, 851.

On-sel, On-sele, in time, betimes, timely, 1537, 2051.

See Sel, Sele.

On-sunder, separate, apart, 148, 3909.

On-ðrist, athirst, 1229.

Oo, ever, 111.

Ooc, oak, 1873.

Opelike, openly, publicly, 2583.

Opnede, opened, 3773.

Opperes, hoppers, locusts, 3096.

{200}A.S. hoppere, a hopper. Cf. Eng. grasshoppers.

Or, ere, before, previously, 48, 490, 645, 649, 658, 905, etc.;

'or ðan,' ere that, 2435;

first, 88, 490, 658, 905, 2929.

Or, than, 1510, 2928.

Orest, first, 2061.

Orf, cattle, 795, 883, 1642.

See Erf, Erue.

Orgel, presumptuous, 3767.

A.S. orh, orgel. Fr. orgueil.

Origt, aright, rightly, 1299, 2226.

Ostel, lodging, 1056.

See Hostel.

O-sunder, asunder, apart, 58, 116.

Oten = hoten, called, 1131.

Oðer, second, 93, 705.

Oðer, or, 1940.

Oðere, others, 1187, 2132, 2199, 3613.

Oðer sum, 'some other,' 686.

Ougt, aught, thing, 121.

Ouer-cam, passed over, 1633.

Ouer-cumen, (p.p.) overcome, 2108.

Ouer-flet, overflowed, 586.

See Flet.

Ouer-flowged, overflowed, 556.

Ouer-gon, passed, 1186, 1903, 3031.

Ouer-man, ruler, 3424.

Ouer-meten, passed over, elapsed, 1665.

Ouer-pharan = over-faren, overfare, pass over, 2487.

See Faren.

Ouertakeð, overtakes, 2313.

Ouer-toc, overtook, 1756.

Owen, should, 1944.

Owen, own, 120, 348, 1838.

Owold, Awold, signify, 324;

happen, 525.

See Awold.

Paid, (p.p.) 2215.

Pais, peace, 8, 2535.

Palme-tren, palm-trees, 3305.

Paradis, Paradise, 291, 406.

Pert = apert, open, clear, 3292.

Pilches, garments of skin, 377.

A.S. pylce.

Piler, pillar, 3293.

Pilt, thrown, put, 2214.

O.E. pult. Dan. putte, to put into.

Pine, (vb.) torment, plague, 179.

Pine, (sb.) sorrow, torment, 177, 244, 955, 2530, 2785, 3094.

Plage, play, lust, 537.

Plages, plays, amusements, 3575.

Plaigen, to play, 2016.

Plates (of silver), 2370.

Pleide, played, 1214.

Plenteð = plenté, plenty, 3709.

Pligt, (sb.) pledge, 1269;

sin, offence, 'to pligt' = for the offence, 3611.

A.S. pliht.

Pligt, (vb.) pledge, 1776;

(p.p.) pledged, 1275, 2677.

Podes, toads, 2977.

O.N. padda, a toad.

Polheuedes, tadpoles, 2977.

Does it signify spade-headed, from O.N. pál, a spade, as in pole-axe?

Pore, an error for gore = gure, your, 2190.

Preige, prey, 4028.

Prenes, brooches, 1872.

A.S. preon, a clasp, bodkin. O.N. priona, to sew.

Present, (sb.) 1831, 2273.

Prest, priest, 3886, 3922.

Prikeð, pricks, spurs, 3964.

Pris, honour, 292, 326;

value, worth, 2247, 2700;

riches, 2690.

Prisun, prison, 2040, 2046, 2070.

Prisuner, gaoler, 2042.

Prisunes, prisoners, 2044.

Prud, proud, 858, 1414;

pride, 1966.

Quad = quead, bad, evil, 536.

Quad = quoth, said, 755, 929, 1041, 1045.

{201}Quake = wake, watch, 1054.

The rhyme requires quate = wait.

Quamede, pleased, 1019.

See Quemede.

Quam, whom, 1768.

Quan, Quane, Quanne, when, 16, 92, 418, 576, 708, 721, 930.

Quan, since, 1817.

Quar, where, 1311.

Quase, whose, 2870.

Quat, what, 171, 324, 357, 634;

which, 4160.

Quat, quoth, 1313, 1775.

Quatso, whatso, 1324.

Quað, (pret.) quoth, 1311, 1371;

in line 3988 read 'queð' (imp.), speak.

Quead, wretch, wicked one, 295, 4063.

Du. kwaad, bad.

Quede, promise, 1463.

A.S. cwede, a saying; cwiddian, to speak.

Quemed, beloved (ones), 86.

A.S. cweman, to please, satisfy.

Quemede, satisfied, 978, 1380.

Quemest, most pleasing, 3764.

Quemeð, easeth, lightens, 408.

Quer, where, 762.

Quer-of, whereof, 366.

Queðe = quede, word, 4011.

See Quede.

Queðen, to speak, 3525, 4002;

to promise, 2788;

to enquire, 1792.

A.S. cwéðan (pret. cwǽð, p.p. ge-cweden).

Queðen, (p.p.) called, 1496;

promised, 3944.

Queðen, whence, 1401.

O.N. hvaðan.

Queðer, whether, 3272;

which (of the two), 1471.

Queðer-so, whether, 340, 491.

Quhu, how, 20.

Qui, why, 1759, 1760.

Qui = quile, awhile, 4000.

Quider, whither, 2600.

Quil = quilc, which, 3631.

Quilc = what, 1572;

which, 3764;

how, 3212.

Quile, while, 2041;

'ðor quile,' while, whilst, 205, 1104, 1106.

Quiles; 'ðor quiles,' whilst, 186, 204, 574.

Quilke, (pl.) which, 2080;

what, 2350.

Quilum, whilom, formerly, 801, 1139, 1171, 1464.

Quit, white, 2810.

Quo, who, 359, 2821, 2822, 2823.

Quor, where, 356, 714.

Quor-at, where to, 3237.

Quor-bi, whereby, 573.

Quor-fore, wherefore, 1632.

Quor-of, whereof, 1314.

Quor-on, whereon, 1310.

Quor-so, where-so, 943, 3107.

Quo-so, whoso, 924.

Quoðen, (pl.) spake, 2993, 3267.

Quow, how, 1560.

Quuad = biquad, ordained, 64.

Quuad, quoth, 1021.

Quuam, which, 696.

Quuan, Quuanne, when, 190, 206, 991, 2311.

Quuat, what, 1310.

Quuat-so-euere, whatsoever, 270.

Quuen, queen, 296.

Quuo, who, 1003.

Quuor, where, 2428, 2430, 2431.

Quuow, how, 2732.

Qwel = quelc = quilc, which, 170.

Rad, hasty, 617, 2730;

expeditious, 2481;

eager, 3617;

readily, quickly, 998, 1783.

A.S. rád, ready, quick.

Raken, to scatter, 2132.

Sw. raka.

Raken, to gather, 3324.

A.S. rǽcan, to reach. Du. ráken, to handle.

{202}Ranc = wrang (?) = was wrung (with pity), 1658.

Ranc, strong, 2105, 2108.

A.S. ranc.

Ransaken, to search, 2323.

O.N. ransaka.

Ransakes, searchest, 1773.

Rapede, hastened, 1221.

Du. rap, nimble. O.N. rapa, to hasten.

Rapen, to hasten, 2376.

Rapeð, (imp.) hasten, 2349.

Raðe, quickly, soon, 1784, 2313, 3664.

A.S. hraðe.

Read, Red, Reed, counsel, advice, 401, 659, 1222, 1737, 2547, 3808, 4064;

instruction, 1515, 2830;

device, plan, 309, 3663, 4059;

remedy, help, 2996.

A.S. rǽd, counsel, advice, opinion.

Reade se, Red Sea, 2670.

Rechede, interpreted, 2124.

Rechen, to interpret, 2086, 2122.

A.S. recan, to explain, interpret.

Reclefat, censer, 3782.

Redde, advised, 3436.

Redden, (pl.) consulted, 1145;

advised, 2861.

See Read.

Rede, read, 34.

Rede, Reed, red, 637, 640, 1256,

Rede, advise, 3118.

Reden, to counsel, 1534.

A.S. rǽdan, to counsel (pret. réd, p.p. rǽden).

Redes, advisest, 2934.

Redi, readily, 998;

ready, 1066.

Redles, foolish, wicked, 3574.

A.S. rǽdleas, rash.

Ref, rough, 3726.

A.S. hreof, rough, scabby.

Reflac, robbery, 436, 3512.

A.S. reáflác, spoil, rapine.

Rein, rain, 3265, 3326.

Rein-bowe, rainbow, 637.

Reke-fille, April, 148, 3136.

Rekelefat, Reklefat, censer, 3761, 3800.

A.S. récels, incense; récelsfæt, a censer.

Reken, ready, 3485.

Reklefates, censers, 3787.

Rem, cry, outcry, 1962, 2613, 3858.

A.S. hream.

Ren, course, 1.

A.S. ryne, rene.

Ren, swift, 3218.

A.S. ryne, course, race.

Reste, Resten, (sb.) rest, 11, 249, 252, 400.

Restede, (pret.) rested, 257.

Resten, to rest, 1369.

Reu, Rew, grieved, 1166;

sorrowed, 1828.

A.S. hreówan, to rue, grieve (pret. hreáw).

Reuen, spoil, 2802.

A.S. reáfian, to rob, spoil.

Reuli, sorrowful, mournful, 1162.

A.S. hreówlíc.

Rew, bitter, 3151.

A.S. hreów, raw, fierce.

Rewde, Rewðe, sorrow, grief, 2339;

pity, 2608.

Reweli, Rewli, = piteous, sorrowful, 1968, 2328.

See Reuli.

Rewlike, sorrowfully, 3106.

A.S. hreówlíce, mournfully.

Reyn, rain, 582.

Riche-like, richly, 2442.

Richere, richer, 1280, 3937.

Ride, road, way, course, 3950.

Rif, widely known, renowned, 232;

wide-spread, 1252.

A.S. ryf, rife, prevalent.

Rigesses, rushes, 2595.

A.S. risce, rixe, a rush.

Rigt, right, justice, 52, 451;

rights, 3714;

rightly, 885, 1565;

mode, wise, 1270.

Rigted, set right, 3427.

Rigten, to righten, set right, decide, 3421, 3423, 3426.

A.S. rihtan, to righten, correct, govern, rule.

{203}Rigt-wise, righteous, 418, 516, 1043.

Rigt-wised, Rigt-wished, righteousness, 936, 3740.

Rimes, rhyme's, 1.

Rim-frost, rime, hoar frost, 3328.

A.S. rím-forst.

Ringes, rings, 1872, 2703.

Risen, to rise, 4039.

Roche, rock, 256, 1138.

Rode, cross, 386, 388.

A.S. ród.

Roke, reek, smoke, 1163.

A.S. reác, réc.

Ros, rose, 261, 1055.

Rospen, to rasp, diminish, 2132.

Du. raspen, to grate.

Rotede, became rotten, 3342.

Ru, rough, 1539, 1544.

A.S. rúh.

Run, discourse, conversation, 991.

A.S. rún.

Sac-les, without strife, willingly, 916.

A.S. sacu, strife; sac-leas, without contention.

Sacrede, sacrificed, 612, 626, 938.

Sad, separated, divided, 58, 116, 266, 1784;

set apart, 208;

scattered, 672.

See Shad.

Safgte, an error for sagte, cure, heal (?), 470.

Saft, a pole, 3899.

A.S. sceaft, sceft, a shaft, pole.

Safte, making, work, 3628;

creatures, 127.

A.S. sceaft, a creature, created, made, formed, from scapan, to form.

Safte, of form, 349.

Sag, saw, 26, 127;

looked, 3901.

Sage, words, sayings, 4153.

A.S. sagu, a saying, speech, saw.

Sagen, saying, 14.

See soðe-sagen.

A.S. sægen, a saying.

Sagt, an error for sag, 1301.

It may = sag + it = saw it.

Sake[n], sake, 1392, 3731.

Sal, shall, 12, et passim.

Sal = salt, shalt, 1815.

Salt, shalt, 1042, 1043.

Salte, salt, 3280.

Saltes, of salt, 1131.

Saltu, shalt thou, 1041, 1813.

Same, shame, 234, 302, 349, 351.

Sameden, (pl.) assembled, gathered, 434.

A.S. samnian, to assemble, collect.

Samen, together, 40, 398, 412.

Samening, assembling, matching, 458;

intercourse, 1442.

A.S. samnung, a congregation.

San, infamy, shame, 373.

A.S. scǽnan, to destroy; scand, disgrace.

Sanc, sank, 1108.

Sarp, sharp, 2989, 3577.

Sat, set, 945.

Sat, treasure, money, 795, 881, 3169.

A.S. sceat, treasure, gift, money.

Scaðe, harm, ruin, 302, 2314.

A.S. sceaðan, sceaðian, to hurt; scæðþe, injury, loss.

Schad, separated.

A.S. scádan, to separate, divide.

See Shad, Sad.

Sche, she, 235, 2619.

Schet, shot, 475.

Scheten, to shoot, 474.

A.S. sceótan, to shoot (pret. sceat).

Schilde, shield, 2525.

A.S. scýldan, to shield.

Schinen, (pl.) shine, 153.

Schir. sheer, sincere, 1835.

Schoren, cut.

See Abuten-schoren.

Scir, bright, 3848.

Scité, city, 2415.

Sckaðe, harm, destruction, 850.

See Scaðe.

Sckil = skil, reason, 203.

See Skil.

Scrið, entreaty, 1419, 2021.

Scriðed, urged, 1715.

{204}Scroð, urged, solicited, entreated, 1055, 1834, 2023, 2695.

A.S. scríðan, to go (pret. scráð).

Scroðt, an error for scroð, 339.

Se, sea, 1123.

Seek, sack, 2309.

Seckes, sacks, 2213, 2223.

Sed, seed, 121, 1613.

Sedes-kin, Seth's kin, 4042.

Segen, (pl.) saw, 3222.

Segeð, cometh, falleth, 2232.

A.S. sígan, to fall.

Sei, (imp.) say to, tell, 3445.

Seid, (p.p.) said, 2425.

Seide, (pret.) said, 277, 323.

Seiden, (pl.) said, 903, 1083.

Seien, to say, 1139.

Seigen, (pl.) say, 917;

(inf.) 2494.

A.S. secgan, seggan, to say.

Seilede, sailed, went, 3389.

Seið, says, 1127, 1293, 1295.

Seið, (imp.) say, 2350.

Sek, sick, 1175.

Seken, to seek, 3598.

Sekenesse, sickness, 775.

Sel, time, season, 417, 928, 1032, 1184, 1224, 1375, 1503, 1545, 2541, 2769, 3159;

'in sel,' quickly, opportunely, 1095;

'al swilk sel,' at such time, 1204;

'on sel,' 'on sele,' in time, timely, 1537.

A.S. sǽl, seel, time. Prov. E. seel.

Sel, (imp.) sell, 1495.

Selcuð, marvellous, 3972.

A.S. sel-cúð = seldom known, wonderful, rare.

Seldum, seldom, 2181.

Seles = selie, good, 1542.

See Seli.

Self; 'Self his kinde' = his own kin, 1806;

even, very, 2610.

Seli, blessed, righteous, 266, 1532, 1986, 2782;

good, 2412, 4079;

fortunate, 1244;

propitious, 31;

happy, blissful, 64.

A.S. sél, good; sǽlig, happy, blessed, prosperous.

Seli-red, good advice, help, 2514.

Seli-sið, prosperity, 2546.

Seli-sped, bliss, happiness, prosperity, 240, 2138.

Selkuð, strange, 1286.

See Selcuð.

Selkuðlike, wondrously, greatly, 1557.

Sellic, Selli, rare, wondrous, 466;

marvellous, 1026;

strange, 3260, 3957.

Sellik, Sellic, wonderfully, miraculously, 1315, 1316.

A.S. séllíc, síllíc, wonderful.

Selðe, Selðhe, bliss, luck, fortune, 1023, 1341, 1404, 2001.

A.S. sǽlð, gesǽlð, happiness, felicity.

Selðhelike, successfully, 1372.

Semelen = to assemble, 3865.

Semelike, Semlike, seemly 1007, 1504.

Semes, loads, 1368, 2373.

A.S. seam.

Semet, seemeth, 2169.

Semeð, 1365.

Read semede, loaded.

Sen, to be, 298, 1923, 3843.

Ger. sein.

Sen, (inf.) to see, 279, 956;

to look, 394, 2664;

to look after, take care of, 1663, 2628;

choose, take, 3723.

Sen, (pl.) see, 16, 140.

Sen, Sene, visible, manifest, 74, 1173.

Sende, (imp.) send, 2820.

Senden, to send, 1683.

Sendet, sendeth, 1412.

Senkede = schenkede, poured out, 322.

A.S. scenc, drink; scencan, to pour out, give to drink.

Sent, (imp.) send, 2825.

Senten, (pl.) sent, 1970, 1973.

{205}Senwe, sinew, 1805;

sinews, 1804.

A.S. sinewe.

Sep, sheep, 1334.

Serf, (imp.) serve, 1685.

Seri, sorry, 408.

Seri-mod, sorrowful-minded, 1850.

Serue, to serve, 1715.

Serue, should serve, 3816.

Seruede, served, 1692, 2051.

Seruen, (pl.) serve, 4126.

Seruen, to serve, 5, 1670, 1694, 3634.

Seruen, to deserve, 1686.

Seruise, service, 1672, 1714, 3754.

Set, made, 562.

Sete, seat, 278.

Sette, planted, 1278.

Setten, (inf.) set, place, 2598.

Seð, sees, 181, 196.

Seð, sod, seethed, 1487.

A.S. seóðan, to boil, seeth (pret. seáð; p.p. soden).

Seue, seven, 489, 1825.

Seuend, Seuende, seventh, 445, 593, 611.

Seuendai = seuend dai, seventh day, 247, 607.

Seue nigt, Seuene nigt, se'nnight, a week, 609, 1687, 2952.

Seuenti, seventy, 706, 3665.

Seweden, (pl.) looked, gazed, 2661.

Sex, Sexe, six, 575, 577, 578.

Sexte, sixth, 167, 199, 531.

Sextene, sixteen, 1907.

Sexti, sixty, 663, 1475.

Sey, tell, 4114;

sey we, let us say, 4162.

Seyen, Seyn, say, 1445, 3561.

Sge, she, 1444, 1447, 1698.

Shad, separated, 148.

A.S. sceádan (pret. sceod, p.p. scaden), to separate, divide.

Shauen, shaved, 2120.

She, 1925.

Shent, destroyed, 754.

A.S. scendan, to shend, disgrace.

Sheren, to reap, 2347.

Shetten, (pl. pret.) shut, 1078.

Shewed = shewede, (pl. pret.) showed, 1971.

Shiftede, changed, 1732.

Shilde, Schilde, shield, 2525, 4157.

Shire, make clear, 2036.

Sib, Sibbe, akin, 228;

relatives, 2503.

A.S. sib.

Sibbe-blod, blood-relatives, 1468.

Sid, side.

Siden = siðen, since.

Sigande, sighing, 1436.

Sighe = sigðhe, sight, 518.

Sighteles, blind, 1528.

Sigt, sight, 1626, 2774.

Sigðhe, sight, 335, 360.

Sik, sighing, 1239.

A.S. sícan, to sigh. Prov. E. sike.

Siker, secure, safe, 869, 876, 1269.

O.Fris. sikur; Ger. sicher.

Sikerlike, certainly, surely, 1500;

with confidence, boldly, 2319.

Silden, to shield, 214, 1788.

Sinfulhed, sinfulness, 180.

Sile = sel, time, 2978.

See Sel.

Singe, sing, 34.

Singede, sinned, 4066.

Singen, to sing, 27.

Singen, to sin, 172, 188.

A.S. singian.

Sinigeden, (pl.) sinned, 2205.

Sinne, sin, 182, 186.

Sinnes, sin's, 553.

Sinne-wod, sin mad, 1073.

Sir, sheer, pure, 518, 3580;

clearly, 3045.

See Scir.

Sired, enlighteneth, 327.

A.S. scír, clear; scýrian, to divide.

Sitten, to sit, 279.

Sið, course, conduct, 274.

A.S. sið, path, way.

See Seli-sið.

Siðe, time, 3093.

A.S. sið.

{206}Siðe, Siðen, since, 84, 262, 2405;

after, 237;

afterwards, 509, 609, 1928.

A.S. síððan.

Siðen = siden, sides, 1295.

Siðes, times, 1731, 1825.

Skie, cloud, 3294, 3643.

Skies, clouds, 3463.

Skige, sky, cloud, 3255.

Skil, Sckil, reason, discretion, wisdom, 193, 203, 1425;

'wit skil,' reasonably, 52.

O.N. skil.

Skipperes, locusts, 3087.

Skiuden, (pl.) skewed, changed, 1989.

Slagen, (p.p.) slain, 509, 591.

Sleckede, slaked, satisfied, 1230.

A.S. sleacian, to slacken; Sw. sloka, to droop.

Slen, to slay, 2837, 3729.

A.S. sleán.

Slep, slept, 967, 1605, 3466.

Slepi, sleepy, 871.

Slo, (imp.) slay, 1939, 3505.

A.S. sleán; O.E. (Nⁿ.) sla.

Slog, Slug, slew, 483, 2668, 2685, 3474, 3913, 4081.

Sloge, slew, 3048.

Slon, to slay, 1328, 1752.

Sloð, slays, 3964.

Sluge, would slay, 3976.

Slugen, (pl.) slew, 3916.

Smaken, to scent, 2443.

A.S. smæccan, to savour, taste.

Smale, small, 656, 2107;

'wordes smale,' easy words, 18;

'speche smale,' flattery, 4056.

Smere, fatness, 1573.

A.S. sméru, fat.

Smered, anointed, 2455, 2457.

Smerles, anointing, 2454.

A.S. smérels, ointment.

Smeren, to anoint, 2442, 2448.

A.S. smérian, to anoint.

Smette, smote, 2684.

Smit, smiteth, 3970.

Smit, (imp.) smite, 3360.

Smite, plague, 2990.

Smiten, to smite, 3866, 4040.

Smiten, (p.p.) smitten, 3867.

Smiten, (pl.) smote, 2109.

Smið, smith, workman, 466.

Smot, smote, 2925, 2943.

Snake, serpent, 2805.

So, as, 15, 57, 331, 332, et passim.

Sod, shod, 3149.

Softe, soft, mild, 335, 3061;

pleasant, 2057, 2412;

lust, pleasure, 3647.

Softere, (adv.) softer, 3874.

Sogen, saw, 3522;

seen, 2785.

Sogt, united, at peace, 1934, 2161.

A.S. saht.

Sogt, (p.p.) sought, 848, 3189;

come near, 3130;

'was sogt' = had come, 3707.

Sogte, sought, 682, 1533, 1947.

Sogten, (pl.) sought, 1081.

Solde, sold, 1843;

(pl.) 1955.

Solstices, 150.

Son, shoes, 2781.

Son, shone, 3293, 3614.

Sond, sand, 2718.

Sond, shame, 2714.

A.S. sceond.

Sonde, messenger, 1414, 2313;

message, 3931.

A.S. sand.

Sonde, dish, 2295.

A.S. sand.

Sonder-man, Sondere-man, messenger, 1410, 2791, 2871.

Sondere-men, messengers, 1792, 1969.

Sondes, messengers, 1007, 1014, 2165, 4052.

Sondes, messenger's, 1434.

Sone, immediately, soon, 329, 343, 979;

quickly, 1145, 1221;

'sone so,' as soon as, 1109.

Sor, grief, heaviness, 512, 733, 1039, 1048, 1239, 1765, 3650.

A.S. sár.

Sor, sore, 3027.

Sore, sorely, 1166, 3223.

Soren = shorn, reaped, 1919.

Sorful, sorrowful, 2326.

{207}Sorge, sorrow, 68, 302, 362, 512.

A.S. sorh.

Sorges, sorrow's, 360, 778.

Sori, sorrowful, distressed, heavy, 974, 977, 1974;

wicked, 1074.

Sori-mod, sorrowful-minded, 3520.

Sort, lot, 1186.

Sort-leui, short-lived, 712.

Sorwe, sorrow, 179, 268.

Sorwes, sorrow's, 19, 716, 3742.

Soth, foolish, 3685, 3688.

A.S. sot, a fool.

Soð, Soðe, true, 17, 953, 1032, 1605, 2091, 2842, 3972;

'ben soð' = be accomplished, 2505.

Soð, Soðe, truth, 74, 2034, 2036, 2928.

A.S. sóð, truth, true.

Soðe-sagen, sooth-saw, true story, 14.

Soule, Sowle, soul, 486, 4136.

Soules, Sowles, souls's, 496, 626, 2920.

Sowen, saw, 3108.

Sowen, to sow, 2347.

Sowles, souls, 4156.

Spac, spake, 925, 1753, 1758.

Specande, speaking, 2821.

Speche, speech, language, 665.

Speches, speeches, languages, 666, 668.

Sped, speed, success, 25;

abundance, 122;

'iwel sped,' misfortune, 310;

'in sped,' 'wið sped,' speedily, 935, 1083, 1221.

Sped, succeed, 1585.

Sped, succeeded, fared, 3314.

Speden, to prosper, succeed, 2303.

Sperd, fastened, enclosed, shut up, imprisoned, 22, 94, 384, 564, 2093.

Speken, to speak, 2016, 2027, 2710, 2827, 2832, 3400.

Speren, to shut up, 2194.

A.S. sparran; O.N. sperra.

See Hampole's P. of C., l. 3835.

Spice-like, with spices, 2443, 2515.

Spices, 2247.

Spices-ware, spicery, 1952,

Spien, to spy, 2172.

Spies, 2169, 2174.

Spile, sport, play, 3462;

multitude, 2977.

Spiled, scattered, 3183.

Spilen, to play, sport, live joyously, 2532.

A.S. spilian.

Spirit, 203.

Spoken, (pl. pret) spake, 2913.

Spot, place, 3280.

Spotted, spotted ones, 1721.

Spred, (p.p.) spread, 650, 831.

Spredde, (pret.) 490.

Spredden, (pl. pret.) spread, 2567.

Springe, spring, 581.

Sprong, sprang, 60, 247, 2740.

Sprungen, (pl.) sprang, 1804;

(p.p.) sprung, 4023.

Spureð, spurs, 3970.

Sren, an error (?) for fren, to deliver, save, 1103.

Srid, (p.p.) clothed, 379.

Srid, Sridde, (pret.) clothed, 23, 271, 1539.

Sriden, to clothe, 351.

A.S. scrýdan (pret. scrydde), to clothe.

Srifte, penance, 422, 3692.

Sriðen = sriden, to deck, 1878.

Srud, clothing, vestments, 176, 271, 795, 857, 2367, 3169.

A.S. scrúd.

Staf, staff, 3149.

Stalðe, theft, 1767.

A.S. stálu.

Stalwurði, stalworthy, strong, 655, 864, 3714.

Starf, died, 481, 658, 4133.

A.S. steorfan (pret. stearf; p.p. storfen), to die.

Stede, place, 117, 425, 433.

Steden, places, 3441.

Steden, place, 1114.

{208}Steg, ascended, 319, 3527.

See Stigen.

Stele, steal, 3511.

Stelen, to steal, do secretly, hide, 1035;

hide from, 2594.

A.S. stélan.

Stere, rule, 3418;

ruler, 3420.

A.S. steóran, to rule; steóra, ruler; steóre, rule.

Steres, rulers, 3413, 3415.

Steres-men, rulers, 3417, 3429.

Stering, rule, government, 3410.

Sterre, star, 132;

star's, 134.

A.S. steorra.

Sterres, stars, 1921.

Steuene, Steuone, voice, 355, 622, 1285.

A.S. stefen.

Sti, path, 3958.

A.S. stíg, a way, path.

Stig, (imp.) ascend, go up, 4100.

Stigen, (p.p.) ascended, 4130.

A.S. stígan, to ascend, go (pret. stáh; p.p. gestígen).

Stille, secretly, 2015, 2428, 2718.

Stille, (imp.) be still, 3319.

Stillen, to quiet, still, 3924.

Stinc, stink, 2556, 2975.

Stinken, stinking, 1164.

Stired, stirred, 3580, 3961.

Stirte, started, 2931.

Stið, stiff, stubborn, 1591;

severe, 3266.

A.S. stíð, stýð, firm, stiff.

Stiward, steward, 1991, 2255, 2263, 2712.

A.S. stiward.

Stod, stood, 1019.

Stoden, (pl.) stood, 3543.

Stodet = stood it, 590.

Ston, stone, 1120, 1604.

Stonde, (imp.) stand, 3760.

Stonden, to stand, 1607, 2639, 3666.

Stonden agon, (pl.) opposed, 438.

Stondende, standing, 3149.

Stondes, standest, 2782.

Stondeð, stands, 392.

Stong, stung, 3896;

pierced, 4083.

Stor, great, 842.

A.S. stór.

Storue, should die, 1958.

See Starf.

Storuen, (pl. pret.) died, 2975, 2982.

Storuen, (p.p.) dead, 3162.

Strekede, stretched, fell prostrate, 481.

A.S. streccan, to stretch.

Strem, stream, 2096.

Streng, Strenge, string, 479, 714.

A.S. streng.

Strenge, strength, 3728.

A.S. strengo.

Strengðe, Strengðhe, strength, 581, 673;

harm, 1075.

Strengthen, to make strong, 3410.

Strif, strife, 373;

toil, 175, 503;

grief, agony, 268, 716, 778, 779, 860.

Striuing, strife, 804.

Strond, strand, 2717.

Strong, 1846;

unpleasant, 2057.

Stronge, (pl.) strong, 3713.

Stund, time, 41, 2041, 3277;

a stound, short space of time, moment, 2109, 2639.

A.S. stund.

Stunden, (pl.) wait, abide, 3211;

waited, 1987.

Stungen, stung, 3901.

Sul, Sule, (pl.) shall, 303, 305, 1775.

Sulde, should, 172, 175, 194.

Sulden, (pl.) should, 958, 1326.

Suldes, shouldst, 3984.

Sulen, (pl.) shall, 308, 316, 318, 3358.

Sum, (sing.) some, 337, 690, 834, 835;

'oðer sum,' 686.

Sumdel, somewhat, 380.

Sumertid, summertime, 1224.

Summe, (pl.) some, 399, 401.

Sunder, separate, 991;

diverse, 3808;

'sunder bles,' party coloured, 1729.

Sundren, to separate, 468.

Sundri, separate, apart, 393, 1985, 2354, 2414, 3239;

{209}diverse, 1798;

several, 2551.

Sune, Sunen, son, 46, 403, 1656.

Sunedai, Sunenday, Sunday, 71, 261.

Sunen, sons, 2175, 2899, 3481.

Sunen, to bear a son, 981.

Sunen, to shun, 1864.

Sunes, sons, 529, 540, 1251.

Sunes, son's, 1984;

'on sunes stede,' instead of a son, 723, 2629, 2637.

Sungen, (pl.) sang, 3288.

Sunken, (p.p.) sunk, 754;

(pl.) sank, 3775.

Sunne, sun, 132, 139.

Sunnes, sun's, 143.

Surgerun, Suriuren, Suriurn, sojourn, 64, 2696, 3308.

Suð, south, 829.

Suðen, south, 1167.

Suuen, shoved, driven, 107.

Swanc, toiled, laboured, 2014, 2877;

travelled, 1657.

See Swinken.

Swart, black, 286.

A.S. sweart.

Swem, grievous, afflicting, 391;

grieved, 1961.

Swep (lit. stroke, force), meaning, 2086, 2112.

Swer, (imp.) swear, 3498.

Swerd, sword, 1307, 1327.

Sweren, (pl.) swear, 1964.

Swerdes, of sword, 3721.

Swet, Swete, sweet, nice, 210, 382, 1484, 3302.

Sweuene, dream, 224, 1753.

A.S. swefen.

Swide = swiðe, quickly, 2726.

Swike, unfaithful, 2845.

A.S. swíc.

Swike-dom, treachery, deceit, 2883.

Swilc, such, 143, 407, 417;

such as, 3620.

Swinacie, quinsy, 1188.

Swine, toil, labour, 268, 363, 2554, 2555.

A.S. swinc.

Swing = swinc, toil, labour, 566.

Swinked, laboured, 4018.

Swinken, to labour, 3778.

A.S. swincan, to toil (pret. swánc, p.p. swuncen).

Swinkes, labour's, 175.

Swiðe, very, 334, 1645;

quickly, 1009, 1086, 1537.

A.S. swíð, swýð, great, strong.

Swiulc = swuilc = swilc, such, 632.

A.S. swulc.

Swog, swoon, 484.

Swolgen, (p.p.) swallowed, 1976.

A.S. swolgen, p.p. of swelgan, to swallow.

Swor, sware, 1338.

Sworen, (p.p.) sworn, pledged, 824, 1525.

Swotes, of sweat, 364.

A.S. swát.

Swunken, (p.p.) toiled, travelled, 1656.

See Swinc.

Tabeles, tables, 3535.

Tabernacle, 3174, 3623.

Tac, (imp.) take, 1287, 3497.

Tagt, (p.p.) taught, directed, 3623, 3746.

Tagte, (pret.) taught, showed, 458, 1243, 1954.

Tagte, (adj.) assigned, promised, 827.

Tagten, (pl.) taught, 1096.

Take, touch, 3456.

Takel, tackle, furniture, goods, 883.

Taken, to take, 1318, 3323.

Taken, to assign, give, 1340.

Tale, speech, language, 450;

tale, story, 321;

reckoning, number, 141, 1673, 2891, 4092;

heed, account, 548.

A.S. tal.

Tame, quiet, 1482.

Tamehed, quietness, docility, 1485.

{210}Taune, (imp.) let him show, 3424.

Tauned, Taunede, (pret.) showed, 636, 757, 3444.

Taunen, to show, 1022, 1290.

Du. toonen.

Taunet = taune it, let him show it, 3422.

Tawned, Tawnede, showed, 1294, 4118.

Tawnen, to show, 2034, 2126.

Techen, to teach, 2792.

Teding, suckling, 1208.

A.S. tiedrian, tyddrian, to propagate, nourish, feed.

Teen = ten, to go, 1344.

A.S. teón, to pull, go, lead (pret. sing. teah, pret. pl. tugon, p.p. togen).

Te, the, 2756.

Teg, went, 320, 1135, 3644.

See Teen.

Teld, tent, 3769.

A.S. teld.

Teldes, tents, 3442.

Telled = telleð, telleth, 17.

Tellen, to tell, 651, 2755;

to reckon, 87;

recount, 497.

Tellet, (imp.) tell it, 3526.

Telleð, tells, 414.

Temple, 1296.

Ten, (inf.) proceed, go, 934, 1238, 1953;

lead, 1913;

draw, 3005.

See Teen.

Ten, (pl.) go, 856, 3210.

Tende, tenth, 597, 704, 3141.

Tene, sorrow, grief, affliction, 2992.

A.S. teóna, injury, reproach; teonan, to anger, incense.

Ter, tar, pitch, 662.

A.S. tearo.

Teres, tears, 364, 2356.

Teres, of tears, 2288, 2342.

Terred, tarred, 2596.

Teten, teats, breasts, 3480.

Tette, teat, pap, breast, 2621.

A.S. tite, titte.

Tgeld = telt, tent, 2025.

See Teld.

Tgelt, encamped, pitched tents.

A.S. teldian, to pitch a tent.

Tgen, ten, 3413, 3418.

Tgen, (pl.) = ten, belong, 3824.

See Teen.

Thaunen, show, declare, 32.

See Taunen.

Then, ten, 3305.

Then = ten, go, 1514.

See Ten.

Tho = to, two, 731.

Tholen, suffer, 508.

A.S. þólian, to suffer, bear, endure.

Tid, Tide, time, 59, 263, 1507.

A.S. tíd.

Tidi, in good condition, beautiful, 2105.

O.Sw. tidig, beautiful.

Cf. Shakespeare's use of tidy = plump, well-conditioned.

Tidelike, soon, quickly, 2752.

A.S. tídlíce.

Tiding, Tidding, tidings, message, 396, 407, 1348, 2907.

Tidlike, quickly, 1231, 3353.

See Tidelike.

Tigel, tile, brick, 461, 662, 2552.

A.S. tigel.

Tigeles, bricks, 2891.

Tigðe, tithe, tenth, 895.

A.S. teogeða.

Tigðes, tithes, 1628.

Til, till, until, 85, 254, 255;

to, 879, 945, 1606.

O.N. til, to.

Tile, gain, 1519.

A.S. til, fit, good; tilian, to honour, to get, obtain.

Tilen, to earn, 363.

A.S. tilian.

Tiliere, tiller, 1482.

Tillede, (pret.) cultivated, 1278.

Timed, (p.p.) prospered, 4024.

Timede, (pret.) prospered, 3392.

Timen, to occur, happen, befall, 1763, 3820.

A.S. getimian, to happen, fall out.

Timen, to prosper, 1023, 2361, 4010.

Timen, to teem, bring forth, 982.

A.S. tíman, to teem.

{211}Timeð, prospereth, 4010.

Timing, Timinge, fortune, success, 1194, 4016;

welfare, 954.

Timinge = ?time ge, wait ye, 3762.

Timinge, season, opportunity, 31;

circumstance, occurrence, 1244, 2644, 3394.

Tin, thine, 926.

Tines, losest, 3518.

O.N. tyna, to lose.

Tis, this, 334.

To, two, 423, 2653.

To-bar, falsely accused, 2146.

To-bolen, swollen with pride, 970.

Toc, took, 723, 937, 2654;

took up, 1690;

gave, 1416;

considered, 1751.

Tockenes, tokens, signs, miracles, 2860.

To-dragen, to-draw, to tear in pieces, 191.

To-ful in wis, fully, completely, 2521.

Tog = toc, gave, 1676.

Tog (pret. of ten, to go), went, 607.

See Teen.

Togen (p.p. of ten, to go), gone, 3647.

To-gider, To-gidere, together, 1898, 2352, 3779.

Tok, took (notice), 945.

Toke, (subj.) gave, 1531.

Token, (pl.) took, 2200.

Token, sign, miracle, 635, 646, 2803, 2914.

Tokenede, betokened, 248.

Tokenes, signs, miracles, 2813.

Tokeneð, Toknet, betokeneth, 638, 640.

Toknes, signs, miracles, 140, 153, 2997.

Tok-ning, token, memorial, 1624.

Tol, tool, 469;

tools, 883.

Told, (p.p.) reckoned, 1358, 2912.

Tolde, (pret.) told, 1401, 1403.

Tolden, (pl.) told, 2221, 3711.

Ton, one (first), 1010, 2196, 2704.

To-samen, together, 2109, 3145.

See Samen.

To-teren, tear in pieces, 2089.

Toð, tooth, 4148.

Toðer, other, 2724;

second, 619.

Toðere, (pl.) others, 1044, 2340.

To-wis, truly, 3992.

Treen, trees, 1127, 1278.

Tregest, disregardest, 3975.

A.S. ge-tregian, to disregard; tregian, to trouble, vex; or = treyest = betrayest.

Tren, trees, 3305.

Trew, tree, 3301.

A.S. treow.

Trewe, true, 720.

A.S. treówe.

Treweiðe, truth, fidelity;

'wið treweiðe,' faithfully, 2304.

A.S. treówð, truth, confidence.

Trewed, Trewid, believed, 1031, 2385.

A.S. treówian, to trust, believe.

Trewið, believes, 2037.

Trewðe, truth, 2458, 2459;

troth, 1524, 1776;

fidelity, 1270;

pledged word, 2336.

A.S. treúð, treówð, truth, troth, pledge.

Tribuz, tribes, 3813.

Trike, stream, 2947.

Trimede, brought forth, 1198.

Trimen, to teem, conceive, 1024.

A.S. getrymian, to dispose, bring forward; trymian, to provide, prepare.

Troken, to fail, 105.

A.S. trucan, to fail, diminish.

Troweden, (pl.) believed, 1092.

A.S. trúwian, to trust.

Troweð, 2814.

Read Trowe ðe, believe thee.

Truke, failure, default, 3508.

See Troken.

Trume, host, company, 1829.

A.S. truma, a troop, band.

Tuderande, fruitful, 164.

Tudered, begotten, 630.

{212}A.S. tyddrian, to propagate, procreate.

Tuen, between, 3802.

Tun, Tune, town, 713, 1102, 2311, 2570.

A.S. tún.

Tunde, surrounded, 866.

A.S. týnan, to hedge in, enclose.

Tunes, towns, 856.

Tunge, tongue, speech, 372, 3158.

Tunges, tongue's, 2656.

Tur, tower, 661.

Turles, (lit. doves) quails, 3676.

Turn, turning, course, 63, 79.

Turtul, turtle (dove), 944.

Twelfte = twelfe, twelve, 3829.

Twelwe, twelve, 663.

Twen, between, 804.

Twenti, twenty, 620.

Twentiðe, twentieth, 3641.

Twie, twice, 808.

Twie-wifing, Twin-wifing, bigamy, 450, 485.

Twin, two, 4020.

Twin-manslagt, double homicide, 485.

Twinne, two, 2367, 3248.

Twinne-del, twofold, 1510.

Twired, perplexing, conflicting.

A.S. twy-rǽd, of two opinions, differing.

Two, to, 1292.

Ða, then, 1901.

A.S. þa.

Ða = ðat, that, 2190.

Ðad = ðat, that, 311.

Ðan, Ðane, Ðanne, then, 9, 999, 1003, 2680;

than, 144;

when, 17, 182, 2072;

that time, 'bi ðan,' 'bi ðanne,' 1023, 3706;

'ear ðanne, or ðan,' 38, 2435;

'fro ðan,' 188, 3201;

'til ðan,' 471, 1870;

'to ðan,' 867;

'to ðan,' for that purpose, 2792.

Ðanc, (imp.) give thanks to, 1320.

Ðarð, need, 3778.

Ðat, (dem. adj.) that, 1, 43, 54;

what, 2020, 2032.

Ðat-offe = ðar-offe, thereof, 2422.

Ðauen, permit, allow of, 3139.

A.S. þafian, to suffer, permit, allow.

Ðe, (rel. pron.) which, who, 2, 269, et passim.

Ðe = ðo, then, 1416.

Ðe = the, 778, et passim.

Ðear, there, 1090.

Ðeden, nations, peoples, 2302.

Ðeg, prospered, throve, 2012.

See Ðen.

Ðef = ðeg, property, quality, taste, 3340.

Ðef, thief, 1773.

Ðefis, thief's, 538.

Ðefte, theft, 3512.

Ðei, they, 573.

Ðelde = gelde, (subj.) requite, 1713.

Ðen, thrive, 803, 1550, 2645;

prosper, 4007.

A.S. þeón, pret. þeáh, þáh, p.p. geþogen, to thrive, flourish, grow, increase.

Ðengen = ðenken, to think, 1571.

Ðenk, (imp.) think, 3563.

Ðhenke, (subj.) think, 2072.

Ðenken, Ðhenken, think, 393.

Ðer, Ðere, there, 337, 850.

Ðer-fore, therefore, 747.

Ðer-in, therein, 2068.

Ðer-of, thereof, 1659.

Ðer-on, thereon, 1778.

Ðes, this, 3967.

Ðes, Ðese, these, 941, 1643, 2199, 3697.

Ðeself, thyself, 934.

Ðeðen, thence, 65, 208, 725, 1236.

O.N. ðaðan.

Ðeuwe, custom, 1382.

A.S. þeáw, manner, habit, behaviour.

{213}Ðewe, courtesy, respect, 2757.

Ðewed, behaved, conducted, 1914.

Ðewes, virtues, 4159.

Ðgere = gere, haste, 4052.

Ðhanc, thanks, 1659.

Ðhankede, thanked, 3405.

Ðhauen, to tolerate, endure, 275.

See Ðauen.

Ðheg, Ðehg, throve, 1266, 2779.

See Ðeg, Ðen.

Ðhenken, think, 393.

Ðhenkeð, thinks, 2028.

Ðherknesse, darkness, 3102.

Ðhikke, thick, 3102.

Ðhing, Ðhinge, Ðing, Ðinge, thing, 301;

things, 29, 52, 297, 300;

affairs, 3378.

Ðhinges, things, 280.

Ðhog, though, 3978.

Ðhogen, throve, increased, 1480, 2567.

See Ðen.

Ðholede, suffered, 778.

See Ðolede.

Ðhogt, mind, 2167;

anxiety, 2111;

thought, 1149;

purpose, 1579.

Ðhogt, Ðhogte, Ðhugte, Ðhute, Ðuhte, seemed, appeared, 407, 436, 438, 491, 1469, 1765, 1849, 2064, 3260.

A.S. þincan (pret. þúhte), to seem.

Ðhogte, (pret.) thought, 319.

Ðhowtes, thoughts, 3544.

Ðhre, thre, 55, 152, 563.

Ðhride, Ðhridde, third.

Ðhrowing, agony, suffering, 1317.

A.S. þrówung, from þrówian, to suffer.

Ðhu, thou, 361, 362, 397.

Ðhunder, Ðhunerg = ðuner, thunder, 1108, 2900.

A.S. þunor.

Ðhurg, Ðhurge, through, 588, 2192.

Ðhusant, Ðhusent, thousand, 489, 577, 654.

Ðider, Ðidir, thither, 1068, 1366, 1402, 1844.

Ðicke, thick, thickly, 2988.

Ðig = thick, 564.

Ðin, Ðine, thy, 397, 1764.

Ðing, affairs, 3378.

Ðinken, to seem, appear, 234.

Ðinkeð, seemeth, 391, 2403.

See Ðhogt.

Ðis, Ðise, these, 1083, 2125, 2131, 2527.

Ðisternesse = cisternesse, pit, 1942.

Ðisternesse, darkness, 58.

A.S. þýstre, dark, þeosternes, darkness.

Ðit = ðis, this, 1233.

Ðo, those, 305, 875, 2099.

A.S. þá.

Ðo, the, 1303, 2110.

Ðo, then, 424, 717.

A.S. þa.

Ðoa, then, 840.

Ðog, Ðoge, though, nevertheless, 4, 1794, 1928, 2404, 2908, 3807, 3808.

Ðogen, (pl.) throve, flourished, 2542.

Ðogt, thought, mind, 1558, 2013;

purpose, intention, 1072;

anxiety, 1433;

'kinde ðogt,' natural affection, 2254.

Ðogt, Ðogte, Ðoht, seemed, 948, 2015, 2298.

Ðogte, thought, 333, 1089.

Ðohgteful, anxious, 1437.

Ðole, forbearance, 3496.

Ðolede, suffered, 1180.

Ðolen, (inf.) suffer, 3664;

(imp.) 3457;

(pl.) 3445.

A.S. þólian, to suffer, bear, endure.

Ðoo = þo, then, 3135.

Ðor, Ðore, there, 211, 222, 279, 2270;

where, 438, 757, 1520.

{214}Ðor-agen, Ðor-gen, opposed thereto, 2797, 3730.

Ðor-after, thereafter, 146.

Ðor-bi, thereby, 1458, 2106.

Ðor-buten, thereabout, 566, 3625.

Ðor-fore, therefore, 1215.

Ðor-fra, Ðor-fro, therefore, 112, 2880.

Ðor-in, Ðor-inne, therein, 42, 746, 1104, 3634.

Ðor-mide, therewith, 2656.

Ðor-mong, thereamong, 3265.

Ðor-of, thereof, 234, 329.

Ðor-offen, thereof, 2403.

Ðor-on, Ðor-one, Ðor-onne, thereon, 196, 464, 1116, 3398.

Ðor-quiles, whilst, 574.

Ðore-to, besides, 589.

Ðor-til, besides, 2371.

Ðor-to, thereto, 3824.

Ðor-vnder, thereunder, 3184.

Ðor-uppe, thereup, 1609.

Ðor-vten, thereout, 3364.

Dor-wið, therewith, 379.

Ðornes, thorns, 1334.

Ðoð = ðoðer, the other, 2702.

Ðowgte, thought, 295.

Ðral, thrall, slave, 2881.

Ðraldom, slavery, bondage, 2322.

Ðralles, slave's, 971.

Ðralles, slaves, 3720.

Ðre, three, 647, 1006.

Ðreated, threatened, 4125.

Ðret, threat, 2021.

Ðrette, (pret.) threatened, 2023, 3729.

Ðridde, third, 761, 1301.

Ðrist = ðriste, (pret. pl.) thrust, 2110.

Ðrist, thirst, 977, 3354.

Ðrittiðe, thirtieth, 3311.

Ðrosing, chaos, 43.

A.S. þrósm, chaos, heap, smoke.

Ðrowede, suffered, 1180.

See Ðhrowing.

Ðu, thou, 363, 1084.

Ðugte, seemed, 1099.

Ðund = gund, over, above. See Notes.

Ðurg, Ðhurg, through, 195, 377, 2192.

Ðurg-vt, throughout, 3704.

Ðurte, needed, 234.

A.S. þearfan, to need, behove (pret. þorfte).

Ðusent, Ðhusent, thousand, 527, 3412.

Ðusse, thus, 308.

Ðwert, obstinate, contrary, 3099.

Ðwerted, thwarted, 1324.

A.S. þweor, þwer, froward, cross, thwart.

Vgging, fear, dread, 950, 2826.

O.N. ugga, to terrify.

See Hampole's P. of C., ll. 6419, 6683.

Uglike, ugly, horrible, 2805.

Vn-achteled, untold, 796.

A.S. æht, value, estimation. O.E. ahtle, to estimate, endeavour.

Vn-bente, unbent, 483.

Vnbiwen, unexpectedly, 3777.

See Wenen, Wen.

Un-bond, unbound, opened, 2223.

Vn-buxumhed, disobedience, 345;

helplessness, unlithesomeness, rigidity, 346.

See Buxum.

Unc, us two, 1776.

A.S. unc.

Vncircumcis, uncircumcised, 2841.

Unclene, unclean, 1867.

Vndede, undid, opened, 581, 3971;

removed, 2955;

violated, 3014.

Under-don, subdue, 4041.

Under-feng, received, 480.

Under-fon, receive, 1679.

A.S. under-fón, to take (pret. under-feng).

Vnder-gon, deceive, 1147;

take up, 1160.

Under-leiden, supported, 3388.

Under-let, under-lay, lay under, 3188.

A.S. lútan, to stoop, lie at the bottom (pret. leát).

{215}Under-nam, perceived, 1553;

questioned, 2728.

A.S. under-niman, to comprehend, take.

Vnder-numen, taken unawares, surprised, 2135, 3221.

Vnder-stod, bore, 1467;

accepted, received, 2275, 2393, 3434;

understood, 2210.

Vn-don, undone, opened, 385, 603;

removed, 3902.

Vn-don, to explain, 2114.

Vndren = undern, the time extending from nine to twelve in the morning, 2269.

A.S. undern.

Vn-drincled, undrowned, 3280.

O.E. drinkle, to drown.

"Alle drenkled thorgh folie."

—(Robt. of Brunne, p. 241.)

[Vn]eðe, uneasy, disturbed, 3924.

Vn-ended, everlasting, 3518.

Un-eðes, with difficulty, scarcely, 2341.

A.S. uneáðe.

Unfer, diseased, 2810.

See Fer.

Un-frame, disadvantage, 1566;

sorrow, 3037.

A.S. unfreme.

Un-framen, be hurtful, 1213.

V[n-]frigt, fearless, bold, 3713.

Vnghere = ungare, unexpectedly, 3047.

A.S. un-gearu, un-prepared, sudden.

Vn-hileden, uncovered, 2976.

Vn-hillen, disclose, 1912.

A.S. unhélan, to unhele, reveal, uncover.

Unkinde, unnatural, 449, 1113;

foreign, 2302.

[Vn-]lage, wrong, 1762.

A.S. unlagu, wrong, injustice.

Vn-lif, displeasing, 206.

Vn-lif, unleavened, 3153.

Vn-like, unlike, 1726.

Un-mad, unfinished, 671.

Vn-miðe, anger, 3973, from O.E. miðe, quiet.

A.S. myðgian, to sooth, quiet. Vn-miðe may signify truth, from A.S. míðan, to hide, dissemble.

Un-red, sin, 1906.

A.S. unrǽd.

Vn-reken, slow, unready, 2817.

See Reken.

Un-rigt, wrong, 1276.

Vn-rigt-wis, unrighteous, 2014.

Vn-seli, wicked, wretched, 1073, 2315.

A.S. unsǽlig.

Vn-selðehe, Vn-selðe, misfortune, misery, 2316, 3026.

A.S. unsǽlð.

Vnsene, unseen, secret, 2878.

Vn-skil, wrong, 3506.

See Skil.

Un-slagen, unslain, 1332.

Unspered, undid, spoilt, 25.

See Sperd.

Vnsteken, disclose, 2828.

See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Steke.

Vn-swac, displeasing, offensive, 1212.

Un-timing, misfortune, 1180.

Untuderi, barren, 964.

See Tudered.

Vn-ðewed, foul, 2555.

See Ðeuwe.

Unwarde, Un-warnede, unwarned, unawares, 480, 2682.

Vn-welde, unwieldy, 347.

See Welden.

Vnweder, storm, 3058.

A.S. unweder.

Vp, upon, 2320.

Up-dragen, carried off, 1858.

Up-gon, (pl.) ascend, 1608.

Up-rekeð, up-reeks, 3465.

Up-rigt, upright, 3248.

Up-sprungen, up-sprung, grown up, 3050.

Up-stod, up-stood, 3247.

Up-wakeð, rouses up, awakes, 3466.

Up-wond, up-winded, up-went, 3084.

Vr, Ur, Vre, Ure, our, of us, 2172, 2261, 2262.

{216}Ut, Vte, out, 13, 227, 362, 607, 3703.

Ut-comen, (pl.) out-came, 2097.

Vt-dragen, out-drawn, opened, 2856.

Ut-drog, out-drew, 1327.

Vten, foreign, strange, 1741;

out of, 956, 2406, 2410;

without, 653, 2739, 3744;

apart, 3691.

Vt-fare, out-go, 2865.

Ut-faren, depart, 3056.

Vt-gon, depart, out-go, 2966, 3021.

Ut-gong, out-go, 2800.

Ut-lage, outlaw, 431.

Vt-pharen = vt-faren, depart, 3017, 3071.

Ut-sped, hurried away, 3178.

Vt-stal, stole out, 2882.

Ut-suuen, out-shoved, aroused, 1610.

Ut-ten, go forth, 4004.

Ut-ðhurg, throughout, 2688.

Vt-wrogte, brought on, caused, 4144.

Uuer-slagen, lintel, 3155.

A.S. oferslæge.

Wac, weak, 1197, 1528.

A.S. wác, waac, weak, frail.

Waden, to ford, 1799.

Waines, wains, waggons, 2362.

Waked, aroused, stirred up, 360.

A.S. wacan, to awake, take origin.

Waked, (pret.) kept a vigil or liche-wake, 2469;

(p.p.) 2516.

Waken, to keep a vigil or liche-wake, 2449.

A.S. wæccan, to watch.

Waken, to watch, 2551.

Wal, Wale, choice, select, 888, 3635.

Ger. wählen, to choose, select. O.N. wal, choice.

Wale, prosperity, 809, 1355.

A.S. wæla, weal, bliss.

Walkeden, 'aren walkeden,' have walked, 3882.

Walkeden is evidently an error for walked.

Walkene, Walkne, welkin, clouds, 96, 103, 136, 161.

A.S. wolcen, a cloud, air, welkin; wealcan, to roll, turn.

Walknes, welkin's, 288.

Walled, Wallede, enclosed with a wall, 435, 2554.

Wan, Wane, when, 642, 4130.

Wane, wanting, 1028, 3353.

A.S. wana, want, lack.

Wanmol, uneloquent, 2817 (from wan = un, and mol, mal, speech).

See Moal.

Wansum, sorrowful, 1099.

A.S. wannan, to be wan, pale.

Wante, should be wanting, 2244.

Wantede, wanted, failed, 1233, 2155, 2995, 3310.

Wapman, man, male, 1001.

A.S. wǽpman, a man, from wǽpn, a weapon.

Wapmen, men, 536, 2920, 3078, 3080.

War, aware, 721, 1308.

A.S. wǽr, wary, prepared, ready.

Warc = warg, defended, 2876.

Ware, merchandise, 1990;

property.

A.S. warú, ware, merchandise.

Waren, to make secure, 1088;

to provide for, 2154.

A.S. wárian, to beware, to guard, ward off.

Waried, cursed, 544.

A.S. werigan, to curse.

Warnede, warned, 1091.

Warnen, to warn, 1581.

Warp, (pret. of werpen) threw, 2640, 2804.

Wassen, to wash, 1116, 2291, 2442.

Waspene = wasteme, form, 1910.

A.S. wǽstm, growth, form.

Water, lake, 749, 1125.

Wateres, water's, 638.

{217}Wateres, waters, 592, 2594.

Wateres-springe, water-spring, 581.

Water-gong, passage of water, 662.

Watres, water's, 598, 1246, 1380.

Watres, waters, 108, 117.

Wattre, Wattren, to water, 1648, 2745.

Wattrede, watered, 2751.

Wað = quað, spake, 1666.

Waxen, grow, increase, 1128, 2548.

Waxen, (p.p.) increased, 831;

full-grown, 2060.

Wech-dede, watch-deed, vigil, 2460.

Weches, vigil's, 2467.

Wedde, hostage, pledge, 2198.

A.S. wed, pledge (dat. wedde).

Wedden, to marry, 1090.

Wedding, marriage, 1428.

Wede, garment, 1972.

A.S. wǽd, a garment.

Weden, garments, 2369.

Weder, weather, storm, 3055, 3059.

Wei, Weie, way, 1100, 1228, 1429, 1435.

Weige, way, 1614, 2681.

A.S. weg.

Weiges, ways, 3240, 3244.

Weila-wei, alas! 2088.

Weis, washed, 2289.

Weken = wreken, taken, 3282.

Wel, well, 229, 1521, 1541.

Welcume, welcome, 1830.

Welcumede, welcomed, 1396.

Welden, to rule, 2143;

take, enjoy, 916;

possess, 3738.

A.S. wealdan, to rule, direct, possess.

Welden, (pl.) rule, 50, 3418.

Weldeð, influences, 274.

Weledes = welðes, wealth's, 748.

Weli, blissfully, prosperously, 2528.

A.S. welig, rich, bountiful.

Welkede, withered, 2107.

A.S. wealwian; Ger. welken, to fade.

Welken, (pl.) elapsed, 568.

A.S. wealcan, to revolve (pret. weolc).

Welle, well, 2756.

Welles, wells, 3306.

Welle-spring, well-spring, 1243.

Welle-springes, well-springs, 3304.

Welt, exercises, 54.

See Welden.

Welte, ruled, 3371.

Welten, (pl.) wielded, 532;

ruled over, governed, 840.

Welðe, Welðhe, wealth, 796, 1268, 1355, 1404, 1550, 2374.

Welðes ware, wealth, property, 929.

Cf. Spices-ware, etc.

Wen, belief, 73;

doubt, 3271.

A.S. wén, hope, weening.

Wen = wenen, believe, 3809.

A.S. wénan, to ween, think.

Wend, (imp.) turn, 3510.

Wende = weened, thought, 477, 1240, 1543, 2209.

Wende we, let us turn, 3267.

Wended, — agon, turned back, 1904.

Wenden, (pl.) weened, thought, believed, 869, 1141, 3258.

Wenden, (inf.) turn, 693, 884, 4057, 4061.

A.S. wendan, turn, change.

Wenden-agen, return, 979, 1159, 3719, 3724.

A.S. wendan (pret. wende), to turn, proceed, go.

Wene, think, ween, 309, 315, 317, 3572.

Wenen, (pl.) think, 3812.

A.S. wénan.

Went, course, 136.

A.S. wend, a turn.

Went, (p.p.) changed, 753;

gone, 1429, 2201;

turned, 2896.

Wente, turned, 321, 606, 1120, 3950, 3951;

removed, 1649;

{218}took away, snatched, 2613;

went, 1107.

Wente agen, returned, 606, 985, 1048, 1343, 1356;

(subj.) should return, 1097.

Wente agon, turned back, 1119.

Wenten, (pl.) went, 533, 623;

turned, changed, 1149, 1967;

returned, 2200.

Wep, weeping, 2328, 3888.

A.S. wóp.

Wep, wept, 4149.

A.S. wépan, to weep (pret. weóp; p.p. wépen).

Wepen, weapon, 3283.

A.S. wǽpen.

Weph, web, 4096.

Werchen, to work, 3220.

Werdes = werldes, world's, 32.

Were, protector, 2680.

See Weren.

Were, man, 3977;

husband, 1587.

A.S. wer.

Were, war, 1788.

Wereden, saved, protected, 2578.

See Weren.

Weren, were, 377, 570, 1468.

Weren, annoy, 2898.

A.S. wérian, to weary.

Weren, defend, protect, 851, 1272, 1794, 1817, 2083, 2090, 2564, 3714;

spare, 1043.

A.S. werian, protect, hinder.

Weres, man's, 532.

Werger, defender, guardian, 926.

A.S. wergan, to defend.

Weri, weary, 975, 1493.

Werk = wrek, plague, 3902.

See Wrake, Wrech.

Werken = wreken, to take vengeance, 2799.

See Wrake, Wrech.

Werken, (pl.) work, 850.

Werld, Werlde, world, 38, 42, 60.

Werlde, world's, 1318.

Werldes, world's, 48, 102, 142, 707, 1594, 2440.

Werlðe, world, 901.

Werne, deny, 2797.

A.S. wyrnan, to deny, forbid.

Werned, (p.p.) refused, 3171.

Wernede, forbad, 2966, 3000.

Werneden, (pl.) denied, refused, 2207.

Werp, (imp.) throw, cast, 2803.

Werpen, to throw, cast, 3358, 3794.

A.S. weorpan, to throw, cast (pret. wearp; p.p. worpen).

Werre, worse, 3951.

Werren, were, 1089.

Westen, west, 3096.

Westen, (pl.) wasted, 3915.

Weðer, wether, 3998.

Wex, increased, grew, 273, 584, 585, 1118, 1266.

See Waxen.

Wex = wexe, (pl.) grew, 1917.

Wexe, should increase, 554.

Wexen, (pl.) grew higher, 599;

increased, grew, 2104, 2502, 2542.

Wexem, for wexen, grew, increased, 1915.

Wi, war, 1854, 3220.

A.S. wig, wih, war.

Wiches, wizards, magicians, 2919, 2927.

Wicke, wicked, 1072, 3952.

Wid, an error for wið, with, 79, 86, 128, 168, 928.

Wid, (adj.) wide, 60, 565;

(adv.) 1256.

Wid-held, Wið-held, withheld, 914, 3019.

Wid-hin, Wid-innen, = wið-in, wið-innen, within, 555, 640, 1352.

Wide, widely, 672, 831.

Wif, wife, 231, 367.

Wifes, wife's, 530.

Wifes, Wifwes, wives, 453, 559, 624, 857.

Wif-kinnes, woman-kind, 1177.

Wifuede, wived, married, 1588.

Wigt, brave, 863.

Sw. vig.

{219}Wigte, war (?), or sharpness (?), 469.

Wigte, weight, 439.

A.S. wiht.

Wikke, wicked, 3574.

Wil, (sb.) will, 194.

Wil, homeless, astray, 975.

See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Wyl.

Wil, blindness, 1079.

Wilde, lascivious, 2013;

wild, 169, 178.

Wile, while, 371.

Wile, (vb.) will, 191, 277, 1318.

A.S. willan.

Wile, desires, likes, 206, 2020.

A.S. willan.

Wilen, (pl.) will, 2304, 2531, 3723.

Wimman, woman, 374, 375.

A.S. wífman, wimman.

Wimmanes, woman's, 1426.

Wimmen, women, 532, 653, 2570.

Win, wine, 2295.

Win, strife, 347, 4055;

force, 598.

A.S. win, contention.

Winden, to enshroud, 2448.

Windoge, window, 602.

Wines, wine's, 894, 1542.

Win-grape, bunch of grapes, 3710.

Winter, (pl.) years, 567, 919.

Win-tre, vine, 2059.

A.S. wín-treow.

Wintres, winters, years, 1211.

Wird, Wirð, troop, host, 1786, 1790, 4140.

A.S. werod, host, army.

Wirm, Wirme, reptile, 178;

serpent, 321, 2925, 3898.

A.S. wyrm.

Wirmede, bred worms, 3342.

Wirmes, reptiles, 2982.

Wis, wise, 100, 260, 462, 617.

Wisdam, wisdom, 35.

Wise, (pl.) wise, 331.

Wise, manner, 2961.

Wislike, wisely, 45, 1091;

with wisdom, 520;

properly, 3630.

Wisseð, teacheth, showeth, 2.

A.S. wissian, to instruct, show.

Wiste, knew, 779, 901, 961, 962, 1154, 1310.

See Wot.

Wisten, (pl.) knew, 768, 2217, 3841.

Wisten, wished, 801, 1060.

Wistom, wisdom, 462.

Wit, we two, 1775.

A.S. wit.

Wit, wisdom, 460, 900.

A.S. wit.

Wit, with, 44, 52, 53.

Wite, (pl.) learn, know, 390.

Wite, (sb.) blame, 2035.

A.S. wítan, to blame.

Witen, to know, 328, 1302;

to learn, 2651, 3928.

See Wot.

Witen, (pl.) know, 74, 523.

Witent = witen, to know, 330.

Witnesse, Wittenesse, witness, 507, 1778, 3843.

Witter, Wittere, wise, skilful, 168, 456, 1910, 2330, 3624;

true, 2903;

cognisant, 1308.

Witter-hed, wisdom, 3667.

Witterlike, surely, truly, indeed, 769, 791, 1322, 2320, 2425.

Da. viterlig, known, manifest.

Wið, of, 432;

in, 1083, 1668, 1915.

Wið-dragen, with-drawn, 596, 3983.

Wið-drog, with-drew, 599, 3803.

Wið-[h]eld, Wið-held, Wið-helð, withheld, 1178, 2033, 3927.

Wiðer, hostile, 3386.

A.S. wiðerian, to oppose.

Wiðer-ward, contrary, hostile, 2935.

A.S. wiðer-weard, contrary, rebellious.

Wið-stod, opposed, 2649;

stood still, tarried, 3646.

Wið-ðan, with that, thereupon, 481, 1409.

Wið-ðan-ðat, Wið-ðhan-ðat, provided that, 2019, 2335.

{220}Wið-uten, Wið-vten, Wið-ðuten, except, 557, 611, 875, 910, 3739;

without, 503, 639, 1317, 2454;

outside, 1080, 1367.

A.S. wið-útan (adv.), wið-útan (prep.), without.

Wiue, wife, 2008, 2147.

Wiues, wife's, 1219.

Wiues, Wiwes, wives, 543, 1858, 2363;

wife's, 994, 2037.

Wlath, bad, loathsome, 3300.

A.S. wlætian, to nauseate, loath;

wlath I take to be an error for wlach, A.S. wlæc, warm, slack.

Wlite, Wliten, face, 2288, 2289, 2342, 3614, 4055.

A.S. wlíte, form, person, countenance.

Wo, Woa, woe, sorrow, grief, 216, 237, 353, 880;

sorry, 1833.

A.S. wá, waa.

Woc, Wooc, weak, 1874.

See Wac.

Woc, awoke, 2111.

Wod, mad, foolish, 1073, 2959, 3545.

A.S. wód, mad, insane.

Wod-hed, Woded, madness, 533, 3539.

Wol, very, 1266, 1995.

Wold, power, 1958, 2000.

A.S. wald, power.

Wold, meaning, 2122.

It literally signifies power.

Wold, hill, 938, 3892.

A.S. wald, weald.

Wold, ruler, 3412.

A.S. walda.

Wold, sacrifice, 3116.

Wold, Wolde, would, 912, 1418, 1419.

Wold, (1) killed, slain, 420;

destroyed, 526 (?), or (2) flooded (?).

(1) A.S. cwelian, to kill. (2) A.S. weallan, to flow.

Wolden, (pl.) would, 3756.

Wond, wand, 2715, 2803, 2808.

Du. vaand, a switch.

Wond, went up, 3782, 4136.

A.S. windan, to move or be borne in a winding course, to wind.

Wondes, wands, 2923.

Wooc, weak, 1874.

A.S. wác.

Wopen, weapon, 469, 3228, 4062.

A.S. wǽpen.

Wopened, Wopnede, armed, 1787, 2479, 3373, 3376.

Wordes, words, 18.

Wore, (subj.) were, 768, 1144, 1148, 1170, 2192.

Wore, (2 pers. sing.) 1759, 1814.

Woree = woren, were, 2950.

Woren, were, 347, 488, 790, 1207, 2380.

Worn, were, 61, 147.

Wor-of, whereof, 3530.

Worpen, cast, 1943, 2923.

See Werpen.

Wort, word, 73.

Worðed, honoured, 262.

See Wurðen.

Wot, know, 487, 1473;

knows, 353.

A.S. witan (ic wát, þu wást, he wát; we witon; pret. wiste).

Wrake, punishment, destruction, 552.

A.S. wræc, punishment.

Wrech, Wreche, vengeance, destruction, 552, 632, 634, 641, 1042, 1076, 1142, 3396;

plague, 1176.

A.S. wracu, vengeance, pain, punishment.

Wrecches, wretches, 1074, 1080.

A.S. wræcca, an exile, wretch.

Wreken, (p.p.) revenged, 2028, 3067, 3281.

A.S. wrécan, to avenge.

Wreken, (p.p.) taken, 3148.

Wrestelede, wrestled, 1803.

Wreðe, Wreððe, wrath, 482, 3793, 3863.

A.S. wræðo, wrath.

Wreðed = wreðeð, is angry, 1584.

A.S. wraðian, to be angry.

{221}Wrigtful, guilty, 2204.

A.S. wróht; Da. rygte, a crime.

Wrigteleslike, guiltlessly, 2076.

A.S. wróhtlíc, accusing.

Wrim, reptile, 169, 187, 299.

A.S. wyrm, a worm, reptile, serpent.

Wrim-kin, serpents, 3895.

Writ, 1974.

Wriðel, herbs (?), from Du. wortel, an herb, 3153.

The A.S. wríðels, a band, fillet, cover, does not help us to explain this satisfactorily. Is wríðel written for wrixel, change, alternation, course?

Wrocte, hurt, 230.

A.S. wrécan, to afflict. Wrocte is the pret. of werken = wreken, to hurt. Cf. wirm and wrim, werk and wrek, etc.

Wrogt, Wrogte, wrought, did, made, 40, 61, 249;

done, 1150;

bestowed, 1812.

Wrogten, (pl.) wrought, struggled, 1470;

did, 529, 547, 4069.

Wroken, turned, 3191.

A.S. wrécan, to banish, afflict (pret. wrǽc; p.p. wrecen).

Wrong, squeezed, 2064.

A.S. wringan (pret. wrang; p.p. wrungen), to wring, press.

Wrot, wrote, 462, 523, 2524, 2527.

Wroutis, wrought them, 156.

Wroð, angry, 1215, 1735.

A.S. wráð.

Wroð = worð, became, 3013.

Wude, wood, 476, 1306.

A.S. wude, wudu.

Wudes, woods, 473.

Wukes, weeks, 2473.

A.S. wuce, wucu.

Wulde, would, 214, 846, 1195, 2430.

Wulden, (pl.) would, 1071, 1075, 3324.

Wuldet, would it, 969.

Wunded, wounded, 853.

A.S. wúndian, to wound.

Wunden, wrapped up, 2597.

A.S. windan.

Wunder, sin, mischief, 69, 3588, 3977.

S.Sax. wundre, mischief.

Wunderlike, wonderfully, 585.

Wune, (sb.) custom, 494, 1639, 1681, 1806, 3857;

wise, manner, 971, 1345, 1405, 1652;

practices, 676;

abilities, 1910;

privilege, 1501.

A.S. wune, practice, custom.

Wune, abode, 513, 3370.

See Wunen.

Wune, wont, 1504, 1530, 2066, 2080.

Wune, to dwell, 785.

Wune, (pl.) dwell, 1156, 1254.

Wune = wunede, dwelt, 1842.

Wuned, Wunede, abode, dwelt, 789, 811, 825, 1133, 1167, 1249, 1282.

Wuneden, (pl.) dwelt, 3122, 3845.

Wunen, to dwell, 306, 367, 404, 406, 1863, 1898.

A.S. wunian, to dwell, inhabit.

Wunen, (pl.) dwell, 300, 332, 932, 2464.

Wunen, custom, fashion, 688;

customs, laws, 3137;

abilities, 3482.

Wunen, accustomed, 2900, 3289.

Wunes, customs, usages, 1480, 2293;

practices, 539;

privileges, 1495.

Wuneð, dwells, 465, 2410.

Wuniende, dwelling, 2742.

Wurd, word, 736.

Wurd = wurð, became, 995, 1197.

Wurdes, words, 2818, 3726.

Wurlike = wurðlike, worthily, 1456.

{222}Wursipe, worship, honour, 2757.

A.S. wurðscipe.

Wursiped, honoured, 511.

Wurt, wort, herb, 119.

A.S. wurt.

Wurðe, 'wel wurðe,' well worth! 155.

Cf. 'woe worth the day,' etc.

Wurð, Wurðe, became, 57, 272, 283, 284, 598, 634, 677, 721, 993, 999, 1175, 1462, 1494, 2218, 3196;

shall be, 1564, 2057, 2058, 2074;

let be, 3483.

Wurðe = wurð he, he shall be, 1943.

Wurðe = wurðede, honoured, 1826.

Wurðede, became, 1528, 2011.

Wurðed, Wurðede, honoured, 1010, 1012, 1629, 1845, 1924.

Wurðeden, (pl.) honoured, 1922.

Wurðeden, (pl.) became, 2946.

Wurðelike, honourably, worthily, 1518, 2760.

A.S. wyrðlíc, wurðlíc, worthy.

Wurðen, (pl.) became, 286, 667, 831, 2050, 2297;

(sbj. pl.) 3559, 3721.

Wurðen, to be, become, exist, 41, 53, 510, 641, 2411, 2427, 2816, 3928.

A.S. weorðan, wurðan, to become, to be, happen (pret. wearð; p.p. geworden).

Wurðen, honour, 2463.

A.S. wurðian, wyrðian, to honour.

Wurðful, honourable, 2678.

A.S. wyrð-full, honourable.

Wurðfulhed, honour, 3499.

Wurði, worthy, 1012, 1501, 3753.

Wurðing, Wurðinge, honour, respect, 33, 133, 684, 892, 1550, 1774, 2140, 3787.

A.S. wurðung, honour.

Ybiried, 2520.

Ydeles, idols, 1871.

Ydolatrie, 695.

Ymong, among, 3419.

Ynog, enough, 3670.

Ynug, enough, 2156.

Y-oten, called, 2416.

See Hoten.

Yre, iron, 2452.

Ys, ice, 99.

Yses, ice's, 97.

Yuel, wicked, bad, 1074, 1186.

Ywel, evil, harm, 788.

Ywis, certainly, truly indeed, 159.

A.S. gewís.

INDEX OF NAMES.

Aaraon, Aaron, 3063, 3082, 3379, 3387, 3489, 3540, 3543, 3546, 3633, 3750, 3785, 3799, 3837, 3864, 3884, 3890.

Abel, 419, 426, 430, 921.

Abimalech, 1172, 1175, 1189, 1267, 1525.

Abiron, 3757, 3766.

Abraham = Amram, 2588.

Abraham, 995, 998, 1006, 1008, 1009, 1019, 1028, 1031, 1036, 1047, 1161, 1184, 1189, 1196, 1209, 1217, 1267, 1274, 1277, 1285, 1299, 1307, 1313, 1323, 1327, 1331, 1337, 1347, 1355, 1359, 1386, 1403, 1445, 1448, 1464, 1477, 1612, 2426, 3202, 3477, 3479.

Abram, Habram, 708, 710, 720, 721, 730, 734, 736, 737, 740, 741, 755, 757, 759, 762, 771, 780, 781, 798, 805, 809, 811, 818, 822, 824, 825, 862, 870, 872, 878, 880, 888, 892, 895, 898, 913, 920, 925, 935, 948, 961, 965, 967, 986, 988, 995, 3564.

Adam, 86, 199, 231, 238, 292, 296, 353, 356, 390, 397, 410, 412, 422, 424, 428, 429, 442, 445, 493, 498, 502, 541, 817, 1896, 3476.

Adama, 838.

Adda, 455.

Adonay, 2902.

Agar, 965, 970, 973, 1223, 1249, 1265, 1446.

Ai, Ay, 760, 800.

Amalec, Amalech, 3369, 3384, 3391, 3395.

Amon, 1157.

Amonit, 1158.

Amonaphis, Monophis, 2545, 2569.

Amrame, 3472.

Amorreos, 3911.

Anel, 821, 865.

Arabie, 1254, 3322, 3879.

Arabit, 1203.

Aram, 709, 711, 727, 735, 1599.

Archim, 3881.

Arfaxath, 701.

Armenie, 595.

Arnon, 3914.

Assaroth, 3687.

Babel, 671.

Bal, 691.

Bala, 838.

Bala, Balaam, 1694, 1698, 1699, 1890.

Balaac, 3919, 3937, 3941, 3989, 3995, 3999, 4011.

Balaam, 1354, 3922, 3927, 3939, 3957, 3962, 3975, 3985, 3989.

{224}Balim, 690.

Basaan, 3916.

Batuel, 1376, 1384, 1385.

Bel, 689, 691.

Beland, 690.

Belum, 685.

Belus, 675.

Belphegor, 4070.

Beniamin, 1885, 2185, 2189, 2231, 2233, 2240, 2281, 2296, 2309, 2335, 2368, 2369.

Bersabe, 1274, 1291, 1344, 1523, 1598.

Beseel, Besseleel, 3533, 3621.

Betel, 760, 800, 1883.

Bozra, 1902.

Buz, 1353.

Buzites, 1354.

Cabroth, 3686.

Cadalamor, 841.

Cade, 1168.

Cades, 3707, 3854.

Caim, Caym, 416, 426, 430, 442, 446, 476, 529.

Caldea, 713.

Calef, Caleph, 3725, 3739, 4095.

Cam, 558.

Canaan, Canahan, Cananeam, Caynan, Chanaan, 498, 726, 743, 798, 1590, 1600, 1746, 1785, 2157, 2391, 3349, 4028.

Caram, 1361, 1741.

Cariatharbe, 813.

Cariatht, 815.

Cedar, 1257.

Cedima, 1263.

Ceturam, 1446.

Chore, 3748, 3781.

Cratonide, 1449.

Damak, 931.

Damask, Damaske, 207, 761, 879.

Dathan, 3757, 3766.

Dede Se, 750.

Dina, Dinam, 1705, 1847.

Dirima, 1260.

Dotayin, 1934.

Duma, 1259.

Ebron, 811, 1891, 1931, 2424, 2487, 2520, 3715.

Ebris, Ebrisse, 2451, 2540, 2858, 2950.

Ebru, Ebrius, 917, 2607, 2657, 2674, 3051, 3220, 3609, 4035, 4137.

Eden, 433.

Edom, 3877.

Edon, 1901.

Effraym, 2151.

Egipte, Egypte, 764, 785, 790, 797, 802, 1953, 1990, 2374, 2444, 2469, 2489, 2545, 2611, 2646, 2671, 2680, 2683, 2708, 2767, 2802, 2857, 2872, 2951, 2990, 3018, 3020, 3072, 3125, 3160, 3163, 3167, 3170, 3178, 3195, 3216, 3257, 3312, 3440, 3475, 3560, 3720, 3724, 3736, 4088.

Egypcien, Egipcien, 2723, 3103, 3271, 3278.

Eleazar, Eliazar, 3885, 4091, 4111.

Eliab, 3622.

Eliezer, 931, 1359, 1383, 1396, 1399, 1416, 1429, 1438, 2766.

Elim, 3303, 3307, 3309.

Eliopoleos, 2643.

Eliopoli, 2003.

Eliv, 1354.

Ely, 2904.

Emor, 1843, 1853.

Engle, 3158.

Engleis, 14.

Eno, 435.

Enoch, 499, 503, 513.

Enos, 442, 494, 498.

{225}Erebis, 3359.

Esau, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1499, 1529, 1540, 1543, 1796, 1823, 1836, 1899.

Esdras, 4153.

Ethan, 3209.

Ethiops, 2875.

Ethiopien, 2667, 2689.

Eufrate, 1255.

Eue, Eua, 86, 292, 296, 317, 321, 333, 410, 412, 416, 418, 422, 424, 428, 817.

Excol, 821, 865.

Exodus, 2538.

Faga, 4013.

Fegor, 4031.

Faraon. See Pharao.

Fasga, 4129.

Finees, 4079.

Galaad, Galaað, 1744, 1780, 1951.

Genesis, 414, 2522.

Geraris, 1167.

Gerasis, 1432, 1516.

Gerlon, 2766.

Gersen, 2353, 2364, 2396, 2414, 2709, 3006, 3051, 3121.

Gibi, 826.

Gomorra, 839.

Hamones, 2641.

Heber, 702.

Hur (Ur), 725.

Hur, 3379.

Hus, 1350.

Iaboch, 3371.

Iabok, 3914.

Iacabeð, Iakabeð, 2589, 2623.

Iacob, 820, 1473, 1482, 1485, 1487, 1491, 1494, 1539, 1551, 1562, 1566, 1578, 1581, 1593, 1595, 1597, 1617, 1631, 1643, 1649, 1657, 1666, 1669, 1675, 1679, 1688, 1709, 1724, 1727, 1732, 1742, 1750, 1756, 1771, 1783, 1797, 1811, 1814, 1891, 1906, 1909, 1928, 1930, 1966, 1970, 1974, 2158, 2220, 2226, 2238, 2385, 2391, 2397, 2417, 2474, 2784, 3564.

Iannes, 2959.

Iaphet, 558.

Iareth, 499, 3908.

Ihesus, Iesus, 85, 254, 260, 386, 388, 507.

Ierusalem, 890, 3904.

Ierico, 3918.

Ietro, 2741, 2832, 3399, 3403, 3435.

Iewes, 506.

Ihesum (Joshua), 3375.

Iobal, 455, 459.

Iosep, Ioseph, 1907, 1931, 1955, 1961, 1996, 2002, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2016, 2031, 2038, 2051, 2067, 2085, 2092, 2093, 2117, 2119, 2124, 2139, 2147, 2154, 2162, 2167, 2191, 2198, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2229, 2253, 2257, 2283, 2298, 2310, 2312, 2329, 2343, 2360, 2361, 2367, 2382, 2393, 2421, 2433, 2489, 3182, 3200, 3482.

Iosephus, 1281.

Iosu, Iosue, 3568, 3571, 3725, 3739, 4095, 4109, 4116.

Iraab, 442.

Israel, 2381, 3214, 3245, 3268, 3373, 3376, 3406, 3449, 4014, 4023, 4048, 4066, 4149.

Issa, 233.

Iudas, Vdas, 1696, 1949, 1954, 2333, 3252.

Iurdan, Iordon, Iurdon, 806, 868, 1799, 2486, 3915.

Laban, 1395, 1421, 1582, 1596, 1644, 1655, 1658, 1663, 1674, 1676, 1681, 1689, 1710, 1713, 1727, 1733, 1735, 1739, 1749, 1756, 1769, 1775, 1781.

{226}Lamech, 444, 447, 453, 465, 471, 482.

Leui, 1696, 1862.

Lia, Liam, 820, 1676, 1695, 1702, 1703, 1705.

Lote, Loth, 711, 723, 730, 734, 799, 805, 859, 885, 919, 1053, 1065, 1069, 1083, 1091, 1094, 1099, 1133.

Luz, Luzan, 1603, 1629.

Madian, 2738, 3920, 3950.

Malaleel, 443, 499.

Mambre, 810, 821, 865, 1033, 1165.

Mambres, 2959.

Manaim, 1789.

Manassen, 2151.

Marath, 3299.

Maria, 2601, 2615, 3688.

Matusale, 443, 514, 515.

Melca, 1349, 1377.

Melcam, Melcham, 712, 719, 729.

Melchisedech, 891.

Memphin, 2669.

Mesopotaniam, Mesopothaniam, Mesopotanie, 728, 1360, 1745.

Metodius, 517.

Michael, 3609.

Moab, 3917, 4041, 4133.

Morie, 1293.

Moysen, Moses, Moyses, Moysi, 1903, 2523, 2587, 2631, 2676, 2687, 2691, 2706, 2717, 2725, 2729, 2735, 2750, 2769, 2781, 2806, 2831, 2856, 2859, 2871, 2907, 2909, 2916, 2979, 2981, 3001, 3011, 3015, 3024, 3032, 3034, 3055, 3057, 3063, 3075, 3082, 3083, 3101, 3109, 3113, 3117, 3121, 3133, 3180, 3187, 3230, 3231, 3241, 3249, 3251, 3273, 3285, 3302, 3317, 3331, 3343, 3355, 3374, 3381, 3390, 3397, 3399, 3401, 3403, 3407, 3428, 3444, 3449, 3452, 3467, 3472, 3523, 3527, 3537, 3542, 3553, 3557, 3567, 3573, 3575, 3596, 3618, 3629, 3653, 3671, 3689, 3693, 3730, 3741, 3747, 3750, 3758, 3768, 3770, 3771, 3792, 3799, 3817, 3855, 3864, 3898, 4071, 4085, 4091, 4093, 4099, 4105, 4117, 4138, 4145.

Nabachot, 1253.

Nacor, Nachor, 703, 710, 719, 729, 734, 1377, 1384.

Nemboc, 4129.

Nembrot, 659, 673.

Neptalim, 1700.

Nilus, 676.

Noe, 516, 557, 566, 575, 580, 614, 621, 906.

Non, 3488.

Oba, 879.

Ortigie, 3675.

"Þe same Delon hatte Ortygia; for ortigie (þat beeþ coturnicies, curlewes,) beeþ þerynne greet plenté."—(Higden's Polychronicon, vol. i., p. 309.)

Oswas, 3747.

Pasche, 3157.

Pentapolis, 747, 837.

Phaleth, 702.

Pharan, 1248, 3646, 3696.

Pharao, Pharaon, Pharraon, Pharaun, 774, 1171, 2073, 2095, 2118, 2126, 2137, 2187, 2357, 2394, 2399, 2411, 2539, 2569, 2634, 2733, 2795, 2837, 2862, 2869, 2881, 2931, 2940, 2957, 2965, 2986, 3002, 3008, 3013, 3016, 3022, 3029, 3053, 3064, 3073, 3091, 3098, 3109, 3117, 3123, 3212, 3213, 3259, 3404.

{227}Pharaoth (Pi-hahiroth), 3210.

Putifar, Putiphar, 1991, 1995, 2009, 2037, 2145.

Rachel, 1646, 1653, 1669, 1683, 1688, 1690, 1693, 1697, 1700, 1707, 1886.

Raguel, 2741.

Ramese, Ramesen, 2416, 2553, 3203.

Rafadim, 3352, 3370.

Rebecca, 819, 1376, 1393, 1407, 1422, 1460, 1534, 1579, 1587.

Rede Se, Reade Se, 1450, 2670.

Reu, 703.

Ruben, 1696, 1890, 1939, 1959.

Saba, 2686.

Sale, 701.

Salam, 891.

Salamon, 1296, 1877.

Salem, 904, 1842, 1857.

Salmona, 3893.

Sarra, Sarrai, Sarray, Saram, 711, 741, 765, 772, 773, 777, 799, 818, 963, 969, 973, 996, 1023, 1170, 1178, 1192, 1196, 1215, 1345.

Saruch, 703.

Seboys, 838.

Sede (Seth), 4042.

Sella, 465.

Sem, 558, 701, 903.

Seth, Seht, 425, 493, 498, 540.

Seon, 3911.

Sephora, Sephoram, 2763, 2839, 2847, 3401.

Seyr, 1836, 1899, 3847.

Sichem, 744, 1706, 1841, 1852, 1855, 1863, 1929, 1933.

Sichin, 4066.

Sin, 3308.

Sinay, 3309.

Siðhinges lond, 1288.

Sodoma, Sodome, 839, 887, 909, 1034, 1050, 1052, 1163.

Sochot, Sokoht, Sokoth, 1840, 1841, 3203, 3209.

Sur, 3296.

Symeon, 1696, 1855, 1862, 2196, 2197, 2265.

Syna, Synai, Synay, 2853, 2879, 3362, 3438, 3599, 3640, 3850.

Syon-gaber, 3698.

Tarbis, 2689, 2695.

Thare, 703, 725, 732, 735.

Tharam (Charam), 1634.

Tema, 1261.

Teman, 1262.

Teremuth, 2603, 2615, 2628, 2629, 2675.

Tubal, 466.

Tur ader, 1889.

Vephres, 2540.

Ydumea, Ydumeam, 1575, 1900.

Ysaac, 819, 1198, 1207, 1211, 1213, 1266, 1283, 1287, 1305, 1321, 1325, 1336, 1363, 1406, 1408, 1432, 1451, 1455, 1459, 1475, 1479, 1513, 1527, 1595, 1612, 1656, 1893, 1905, 2784, 3480, 3481.

Ysakar, 1704.

Ysmael, 1000, 1203, 1212, 1214, 1216, 1223, 1245, 1249, 1265, 1455, 1458.

Ysrael, 3381, 3678.

Zabri, 4081.

Zabulon, 1704.

Zelfa, 1678, 1701.

INDEX OF RIMES.

-a

Cedima, s.

ða, adv. or pron. 36/1264.

Bozra. See ða.

Eua, s.

Sarra, s. 24/818. See woa.

Fasga, s.

ðoa, adv. 117/4130.

Gomorra, s.

ðoa, adv. 24/840.

Lia. See Rebecca.

Oba, s.

woa, s. 26/880.

Rebecca, s.

Lia, s. 24/820.

Salmona, s.

ðoa, adv. 110/3894.

Sarra. See Eua.

Syna, s.

ðor-fra, adv. 82/2880.

ða, adv.

Bozra, s. 55/1902. See Cedima.

ðoa. See Fasga, Gomorra, Salmona.

ðor-fra. See Syna.

woa, s.

Eua, s. 7/238. See Oba.

-ab

Iraab. See bad.

-ac

Balaac, s.

spac, pret. 114/4030.

Ysaac, s.

swac, a. 44/1528;

vn-swac, a. 35/1212. See wac.

spac. See Balaac.

swac. See Ysaac.

vn-swac. See Ysaac.

wac, a.

Ysaac, s. 34/1198.

-ad

Adad. See rad.

bad, pret.

glad, a. 69/2434, 81/2836;

Iraab, s. 13/442;

rad, a. 29/998;

sad, pp. 2/58, 4/116. See rad.

glad, a.

sad, (?) 115/4052. See bad.

mad, pp.

rad, a. 78/2730;

sad, pp. 7/208;

shad, pp. 5/148.

rad, a. or pp.

Adad, s. 71/2482;

bad, pret. 18/618, 103/3618;

sad, pp. 51/1784. See bad, mad.

sad. See bad, glad, mad, rad, un-mad.

shad. See mad.

un-mad, a.

sad, pp. 20/672.

-aden

laden. See waden.

waden, inf.

laden, pp. 52/1800.

-af

chaf, s.

gaf, pret. 82/2890.

cuuel-staf. See gaf.

gaf, pret.

cuuel-staf, s. 105/3710. See chaf.

-aft

craf[t]. See saft.

saft, s.

craf[t], s. 111/3900.

-ag

sag, pret.

[ðag], 64/2254.

{229}

-age

age, s.

lage, s. 115/4058. See dage, lage, ut-lage.

dage, s. dat. pl.

age, s. 101/3546.

felage, s.

[vn-]lage, s. 51/1762.

hore-plage, s.

lage, s. 115/4068. See vn-lage.

lage, s.

age, s. 103/3632. See age, hore-plage, plage, sage.

plage, s.

lage, s. 16/538.

sage, s.

lage, s. 118/4154.

vn-lage, s.

hore-plage, s. 16/530.

[vn-]lage. See felage.

ut-lage, s.

age, s. 13/432.

-agen

agen. See to-dragen.

dagen, s. pl. See of-slagen.

dagen, inf. See fagen.

dragen, inf. See fagen.

dragen, pp.

sagen, s. 1/14. See on-sagen, slagen, uuerslagen.

fagen, a.

dagen, inf. 1/16;

dragen, inf. 67/2360, 68/2378;

un-slagen, a. 38/1332;

vt-dragen, pp. 81/2856. See slagen.

of-slagen, pp.

dagen, s. dat. pl. 116/4078.

on-sagen, s.

dragen, pp. 59/2046.

sagen. See dragen, pp.

slagen, pp.

dragen, pp. 98/3458, 106/3722, 108/3806;

fagen, a. 15/510, 25/854, 101/3560;

up-dragen, pp. 53/1858;

wið-dragen, inf. 17/592. See wið-dragen, pp.

to-dragen, inf.

agen, s. 6/192.

un-slagen. See fagen.

up-dragen. See slagen.

vt-dragen. See fagen.

uuerslagen, s.

dragen, pp. 90/3156.

wið-dragen, inf. See slagen.

wið-dragen, pp.

slagen, pp. 113/3984.

-ages

dages, s. pl.

lages, s. pl. 117/4120.

lages. See dages, plages, daiges.

plages, s. pl.

lages, s. pl. 102/3576.

-agt

agt. See bi-tagt.

bi-lagt, pp.

bi-tagt, pp. 23/774.

bi-tagt, pp.

agt, s. 27/924, 117/4122;

hagt, s. 59/2044;

nagt, s. 48/1678, 109/3832. See bi-lagt, lagt.

dragt, s.

tagt, pp. 106/3746. See tagt.

hagt. See bi-tagt, lagt, twin-manslagt.

lagt, pp.

bi-tagt, pp. 75/2622;

hagt, s. 60/2082;

nagt, s. 89/3142.

nagt, s.

tagt. pp. 111/3928. See bi-tagt, lagt.

tagt, pp.

dragt, s. 103/3624. See dragt, nagt.

twin-manslagt, s.

hagt, s. 14/486.

-ai, -ay

ay, adv.

day, s. 3/88, 5/156;

may, v. 1/6. See sunenday.

awai. See dai.

dai, s.

awai, adv. 18/616;

a-wei, adv. 50/1750, 66/2306;

awei, adv. 98/3440;

lay, pret. 94/3312;

mai, v. 10/314, 78/2748, 80/2820, 89/3144, 92/3234;

wei, s. 103/3642. See mai, wei.

day, s.

wey, s. 78/2722. See ay, lay, s., lay, pret.

{230}domes-dai, s.

mai, v. 19/646.

domes-day, s.

may, v. 15/506.

lay, s.

day, s. 35/1202.

lay, pret.

day, s. 39/1362. See dai.

mai, v.

dai, s. 19/652. See dai, domesdai.

may. See ay, domes-day.

munendai. See sunedai.

sunedai, s.

munendai, s. 3/72.

sunenday, s.

ay, adv. 8/262.

-aiges

daiges, s. pl.

daiges, s. pl. 71/2472;

lages, s. pl. 70/2446;

laiges, s. pl. 70/2456;

la[i]ges, s. pl. 98/3454.

-ake

make, v. sbj.

take, v. sbj. 99/3494.

make, v. imper.

take, v. sbj. 98/3456.

quake. See gate.

sake, s.

wrake, s. 16/552. See snake.

snake, s.

sake, s. 80/2806.

take. See make (both).

wrake. See sake.

-aked

maked, pp.

waked, pp. 72/2516. See waked.

naked, a.

waked, pp. 11/360.

waked, pp.

maked, pp. 70/2470. See maked, naked.

-aken

bi-waken. See smaken.

for-saken, pp.

taken, inf. 108/3812.

laken, inf.

waken, inf. 35/1232.

maken, v. pl.

raken, inf. 61/2132.

maken. inf.

taken, inf. 38/1340, 100/3530, 115/4038. See ouer-taken, sake[n], taken (both), up-taken, waken.

ouer-taken, pp.

maken, inf. 26/878.

raken. See maken, v. pl., taken, inf.

sake[n], s.

maken, inf. 106/3732. See taken, inf.

smaken, inf.

bi-waken, inf. 70/2444.

taken, inf.

maken, inf. 77/2698, 87/3070, 101/3548;

raken, inf. 94/3324;

sake[n], s. 40/1392. See for-saken, maken, inf.

taken, pp.

maken, inf. 38/1312, 107/3756.

up-taken, inf.

maken, inf. 9/278.

waken, inf.

maken, inf. 73/2552. See laken.

-akeð

quakeð, v. 3 sg.

up-wakeð, v. 3 sg. 98/3466

-al

al. See wal, s.

Bal, s.

wið-al, adv. 20/692.

Iobal, s.

wal, a. 14/456.

moal, s.

natural, a. 3/82.

sal, v.

sal, v. 114/4010;

wið-al, adv. 54/1878. See wal, a.

ðral, s.

vt-stal, pret. 82/2882.

wal, s.

al, a. 4/98.

wal, a.

sal, v. 103/3636. See Iobal.

wið-al. See Bal, sal.

-ale

[bale], s.

male, s. 1/22.

bale, s.

tale, s. 16/548, 72/2526. See dale, dwale, tale.

bridale. See tale.

{231}dale, s.

bale, s. 25/850, 32/1122, 34/1166, 57/1984;

dwale, s. 1/20;

tale, s. 22/746, 33/1132;

wale, a. 26/888. See dwale, tale, wale, s.

dwale, s.

bale, s. 3/68;

dale, s. 30/1038;

smale, a. 115/4056. See dale, tale.

male. See [bale].

smale. See dwale, tale.

tale, s.

bale, s. 10/322, 58/2038;

bridale, s. 48/1674;

dale, s. 5/142;

dwale, s. 35/1220, 97/3404;

smale, a. pl. 1/18, 19/656, 82/2892. See bale, dale.

wale, s.

dale, s. 24/810, 39/1356.

wale, a. See dale.

-alem

Ierusalem. See Salem.

Salem, s.

Ierusalem, s. 26/890.

-am

Abraham, s.

bi-cam, pret. 29/996, 40/1404;

cam, pret. 36/1268;

Canaan, s. 99/3478;

Ceturam, s. 42/1446;

for-ðan, adv. 34/1190;

nam, pret. 35/1210, 35/1218. See am, cam, nam, ðan.

Abram, s.

ham, v. 27/926;

Iurdan, s. 23/806;

leman, s. 23/782;

man, s. 26/910. See Aram, cam, Melcam, bi-gan.

Adam, s.

cam, pret. 7/224, 12/416, 13/446;

nam, pret. 6/200. See cam, nam.

am, v.

Abraham, s. 46/1612.

Aram, s.

Abram, s. 21/710, 22/736;

Mesopothaniam, s. 21/728;

nam, pret. 46/1600.

Balaam, s.

nam, pret. 112/3940. See cam, nam.

bi-cam, pret.

nam, pret. 58/2008;

up-nam, pret. 86/3024. See Abraham, nam.

bi-nam. See cam, Dinam.

cam, pret.

Abraham, s. 40/1386;

Abram, s. 21/708;

Adam, s. 6/172, 11/356;

Balaam, s. 39/1354;

bi-nam, pret. 32/1110;

Liam, s. 48/1676;

nam, pret. 20/698, 40/1402, 41/1436, 43/1490, 52/1824, 57/1988, 74/2604, 76/2668, 88/3096, 92/3254. See Abraham, Adam, Cananeam, nam, under-nam.

Canaan. See Abraham.

Cananeam, s.

cam, pret. 51/1786;

nam, pret. 22/744. See Mesopotaniam.

Ceturam. See Abraham.

Dinam, s.

bi-nam, pret. 49/1706.

gram. See nam.

Habram, s.

nam, pret. 22/758.

ham. See Abram.

Liam. See cam.

Melcam, s.

Abram, s. 21/720, 21/730.

Mesopotaniam, s.

Cananeam, s. 50/1746.

Mesopothaniam. See Aram.

nam, pret.

Abraham, s. 79/2784;

Adam, s. 3/86, 10/338;

Balaam, s. 49/1698;

bi-cam, pret. 50/1744, 61/2148, 80/2808;

cam, pret. 39/1366, 78/2738, 81/2854, 93/3262;

Canahan, s. 21/726;

gram, a. 35/1228;

Laban, s. 48/1654;

Saram, s. 34/1178;

Sellam, s. 14/454. See Abraham, Adam, Aram, Balaam, bi-cam, cam, Cananeam, Habram, Sephoram, wið-ðan, tok.

{232}ouer-cam, pret.

Tharam, s. 47/1634.

Saram. See nam.

Sellam. See nam.

Sephoram, s.

nam, pret. 79/2764, 81/2840.

Tharam. See ouer-cam.

under-nam, pret.

cam, pret. 45/1554.

up-nam. See bi-cam.

-ame

frame, s.

name, s. 5/134, 53/1838;

tame, a. pl. 6/174. See name.

hun-frame. See same.

lichame. See same.

name, s.

frame, s. 18/626, 73/2540;

same, s. 7/234, 9/302, 13/436;

un-frame, s. 45/1566. See frame, tame, un-frame.

same, s.

hun-frame, s. 16/554;

lichame, s. 11/350. See name, tame.

tame, a. pl.

name, s. 7/222;

same, s. 85/2972. See frame.

un-frame, s.

name, s. 86/3038. See name.

-amen

framen. See samen, to samen.

gamen, s.

samen, adv. 12/412, 58/2016. See name[n], un-framen.

name[n], s.

gamen, s. 99/3498.

samen, adv.

framen, inf. 47/1642. See gamen.

to samen, adv.

framen, v. 89/3146.

un-framen, inf.

gamen, s. 35/1214.

-an

Basaan. See Iordan.

bi-gan, pret.

Abram, s. 27/922. See man, wapman.

Caynan. See can.

can, v.

Caynan, s. 15/498;

ouer-man, s. 97/3424. See man.

Canaan, s.

gan, pret. 95/3350. See man.

Canahan. See nam.

Chanaan, s.

for-ðan, adv. 62/2158;

man, s. 68/2392.

for-ðan, conj. See man.

for-ðan, adv.

Madian, s. 111/3920;

Teman, s. 36/1262. See Abraham, Chanaan, Laban, man.

forð-ran, pret.

wimman, s. 75/2620.

gan, pret.

Laban, s. 45/1582, 47/1644;

man, s. 81/2832;

Pharan, s. 104/3646. See Canaan, man, ran.

Iordan, s.

Basaan, s. 111/3916. See ðan.

Iurdan. See Abram.

Laban, s.

for-ðan, adv. 41/1422. See nam, gan, ran.

leman. See Abram.

Madian. See for-ðan, adv., man.

man, s.

bi-gan, pret. 6/188, 7/236, 13/448, 69/2408;

can, v. 76/2650, 82/2872, 97/3426;

Canaan, s. 23/798;

for-ðan, conj. 57/1996;

for-ðan, adv. 86/3028;

forðan, adv. 90/3162;

gan, pret. 116/4080;

Madian, s. 78/2742;

ðan, pron. 80/2792. See Abram, Chanaan, gan, ðan, wið-ðan, Moysen.

ouer-man. See can.

Pharan. See gan, ðan.

ran, pret.

gan, pret. 44/1534;

Laban, s. 40/1394.

san, s. (= schond).

wimman, s. 11/374.

Teman. See for-ðan, adv.

ðan, pron.

Abraham, s. 91/3202;

Iordan, s. 25/868;

man, s. 14/472;

Pharan, s. 36/1248, 105/3696. See man.

{233}wapman, s.

bi-gan, pret. 29/1002.

wimman. See forð-ran, san.

wið-ðan, adv.

man, s. 40/1410;

nam, pret. 14/482.

-anc

dranc. See ðhanc.

ranc. See swanc.

swanc, pret.

ranc, pret. 48/1658.

ðhanc, s.

dranc, pret. 48/1660.

-and

fand, ?

land, s. 106/3738.

-ande

specande, pres. p.

lockende, pres. p. 80/2822.

-ane

hane. See wane.

wane, a.

hane, 95/3354.

-ar

Agar, s.

bar, pret. 28/966, 36/1250.

bar, pret.

Ysakar, s. 49/1704;

war, a. 38/1308, 42/1462, 59/2062, 62/2150, 113/3966. See Agar, Cedar, war.

Cedar, s.

bar, pret. 36/1258.

Eleazar, s.

war, a. 117/4112.

Eliazar, s.

or, adv. 116/4092.

Ysakar. See bar.

Putifar, s.

to-bar, pret. 61/2146.

war, a.

bar, pret. 21/722. See bar, Eleazar.

-ard

forward. See hard, on hard, stiward.

hard, a.

forward, s. 64/2236, 87/3062, 88/3100. See wiðer-ward.

hard, adv. See heuene-ward.

heuene-ward, adv.

hard, adv. 86/3026.

on hard, pp.

forward, s. 86/3014.

stiward, s.

forward, s. 57/1992, 65/2264.

wiðer-ward, a.

hard, a. 84/2936.

-are

care, s.

fare, s. 41/1434;

gare, adv. 12/390;

lecher-fare, s. 23/776.

chafare, s.

ware, s. 56/1952.

chare, v. sbj. See fare, inf.

fare, s.

gare, adv. 90/3180;

ware, s. 57/1990, 79/2772. See care.

fare, inf.

chare, v. sbj. 68/2390;

fare, v. 1 sg. See ware.

gare. See care, fare, s., vt-fare.

lecher-fare. See care.

vt-fare, pres. subj.

gare, a. or adv. 82/2866.

ware, s.

fare, v. 1 sg. 27/930. See chafare, fare, s.

-aren

baren. See mis-faren, inf.

charen, inf.

ut-faren, inf. 87/3056. See faren, inf., mis-faren, pp.

charen, v. pl. See faren (both).

faren, inf.

charen, inf. 49/1712, 70/2436, 110/3878;

charen, v. pl. 86/3010;

garen, inf. 5/138, 90/3168. See garen.

faren, v. pl.

charen, v. pl. 105/3704;

waren, inf. 62/2154.

for-faren, inf.

waren, pret. 31/1088. See vt-pharen.

garen, inf.

faren, inf. 41/1418, 46/1596. See faren, inf.

mis-faren, inf.

baren, inf. 55/1912.

{234}mis-faren, pp.

charen, inf. 113/3986.

ut-faren. See charen, inf.

vt-pharen, inf.

for-faren, inf. 86/3018, 87/3072.

waren, inf. See faren, v. pl.

waren, pret. See for-faren.

-arp

sarp, a.

warp, pret. 102/3578.

-as

bras, s.

was, pret. 14/462, 14/468, 100/3532, 108/3790. See was.

Iudas. See was.

was, pret.

bras, s. 111/3898;

Gerasis, s. 41/1432;

Iudas, s. 49/1696. See bras.

-asis

Gerasis. See was.

-ast

blast, s.

fast, adv. 100/3522;

gast, s. 6/202. See cast.

brast. See fast.

cast, pret.

blast, s. 98/3464.

fast, adv.

brast, pret. 52/1808. See blast.

gast. See blast.

-at

bat. See sat.

bi-gat, pret.

ðat, pron. 50/1728. See mat, sat, get, adv.

for-gat. See ðat.

for-quat, adv.

ðat, pron. 34/1180, 59/2054.

mat, a.

bi-gat, pret. 46/1590.

reclefat. See ðat.

reklefat, s.

ðat, pron. 107/3762.

sat, s.

bat, pret. 26/882;

bi-gat, pret. 23/796;

ðat, pron. 90/3170.

ðat, pron.

for-gat, pret. 60/2092;

reclefat, s. 107/3782. See bi-gat, for-quat, reklefat, sat.

-ate

gate, s.

quake, 30/1054.

-að

Galaað. See glað.

glað, a.

Galaað, s. 51/1780.

-ath

Marath, s.

wlath, a. 94/3300.

-aðe

glaðe, a.

scaðe, s. 66/2298.

raðe, adv.

scaðe, s. 66/2314.

scaðe. See glaðe, raðe.

-aue

haue. See knaue.

knaue, s.

haue, inf. 81/2848.

-auen

auen. See grauen, pp.

bi-crauen. See hauen, inf.

caue[n], s.

grauen, pp. 33/1138.

crauen, inf.

hauen, inf. 48/1668. See hauen, inf.

crauen, v. pl.

hauen, v. pl. 90/3172.

grauen, inf. See hauen, v. pl., ðhauen.

grauen, pp.

auen, inf. 43/1512;

hauen, inf. 69/2432. See caue[n].

hauen, inf.

bi-crauen, inf. 40/1388;

crauen, inf. 38/1320, 40/1408, 49/1718, 68/2366, 89/3116. See crauen, inf., grauen, pp., ðauen, inf.

hauen, v. pl.

grauen, inf. 107/3778. See crauen, v. pl.

ðauen, inf.

hauen, inf. 89/3140.

{235}ðhauen, inf.

grauen, inf. 9/276.

-e

be. See fe, me, paschë, se, s., tre.

bee. See bi-se.

Bersabë. See fre, me.

birðheltre, s.

he, pron. sg. 4/120.

bi-se, v.

bee, v. 116/4108.

ble, s.

he, pron. sg. 14/458;

se, s. 22/750.

Cariatharbë, s.

citë, s. 24/814.

charitë. See fre.

citë, s.

se, s. 76/2670. See Cariatharbë.

Cratonidë, s.

se, s. 42/1450.

Eufratë, s.

se, s. 36/1256.

fe, s.

be, v. 23/784.

he, pron. sg. 13/440;

sre (? fre), a. 58/2018.

fre, a.

Bersabë, s. 37/1274;

charitë, s. 29/1016;

ðre, a. 18/624. See se, s.

he, pron. sg. See birðheltre, ble, fe, Salë.

he, pron. pl.

ðhre, a. 5/152. See ðre.

Iosuë, s.

ðe, pron. 117/4110.

kne. See Matusalë.

Mambre, s.

ðre, a. 29/1006.

Matusalë, s.

kne, s. 13/444;

Noë, s. 15/516.

me, pron.

be, inf. 98/3448;

be, sbj. 67/2334;

Bersabë, s. 37/1282;

se, s. 92/3238;

ðe, pron. 37/1290, 113/3976;

ðre, a. 60/2078. See ðe.

Noë. See Matusalë, Tharë.

paschë, s.

be, v. 90/3158.

Ramesë. See scitë.

Salë, s.

he, pron. sg. 21/702.

scitë, s.

Ramesë, s. 69/2416.

se, s.

be, inf. 32/1124;

fre, a. 88/3098, 92/3244;

tre, s. 99/3476. See ble, citë, Cratonidë, Eufratë, me.

se, v. 1 sg.

ðe, pron. 114/4036.

she, pron.

ðe, pron. 55/1926.

sre (for fre). See fe.

Tharë, s.

Noë, s. 21/704.

ðe, pron.

me, pron. 45/1570. See Iosuë, me, se, v. 1 sg., she.

ðhre. See he, pron. pl.

ðre, a.

he, pron. pl. 30/1034. See fre, Mambre, me, win-tre.

tre, s.

be, inf. 36/1236. See se, s.

win-tre, s.

ðre, a. 59/2060.

-ead

abead, pret. See dead, s.

a-bead. See dead, a.

b[e]ad, pret.

dead, a. 86/3020, 108/3802.

bead, pret.

dead, s. 31/1060, 96/3384, 116/4086;

dead, a. 88/3106. See bread, dead, a.

bread, s.

bead, pret. 90/3154, 95/3340;

for-bead, pp. 95/3332.

dead, s. (= dede).

for-bead, pret. 85/2984.

dead, s.

abead, pret. 13/422, 110/3862. See bead, for-bead, pret., qu[e]ad, read, s., for-bed, red, s.

dead, a.

a-bead, pret. 109/3856;

bead, pret. 71/2494, 79/2768;

read, s. 100/3508;

red, s. 72/2514;

un-red, s. 55/1906. See b[e]ad, bead, read, a., opened, red, s.

{236}for-bead, pret.

dead, s. 10/312;

frigti-hed, s. 16/542. See dead, s.

for-bead, pp. See bread.

qu[e]ad, s.

dead, s. 115/4064.

read, s.

dead, s. 104/3664. See dead, a.

read, a.

dead, a. 84/2946.

-eaf

bi-leaf. See leaf.

leaf, s.

bi-leaf, pret. 79/2776.

-eai (= ai)

deai. See a-wei.

-eam

bernteam. See eam.

eam, s.

bernteam, s. 106/3748.

-ear

ear, adv.

ðear, adv. 31/1090.

-ech

Amalech, s.

wrech, s. 96/3396.

-ed

bed, s.

for-dred, pp. 85/2974.

bed, pret.

bred, s. 59/2048. See bred, ded.

bred, s.

bed, pret. 29/1014. See bed, pret.

ded, s.

bed, pret. 8/258. See for-bed.

dred, s.

gred, s. 92/3230;

red, s. 76/2672, 87/3044;

sinfulhed, s. 6/180;

sped, s. 74/2576. See red, s., sped, s., reed.

faire-hed. See lechur-hed.

fed, pp.

leð, s. 95/3348.

fetthed, s.

fulsum-hed, s. 45/1548.

for-bed, pret.

dead, s. 38/1330;

ded, s. 7/214.

for-dred, pp.

for-red, pp. 63/2192;

led, pp. 45/1558, 84/2954;

red, s. 108/3808;

sped, pp. 94/3314. See bed, s.

for-red. See for-dred.

frigti-hed. See for-bead, pret., sped, s.

fulsum-hed. See fetthed.

godefrigtihed, s.

red, s. 15/496.

godfulhed. See reed.

gred, s.

red, s. 106/3718. See dred.

idel-hed. See led, s.

lechur-hed, s.

faire-hed, s. 57/1998.

led, s.

idel-hed, s. 2/28.

led, inf. See red, s.

led, pp.

spred, pp. 19/650. See for-dred, of-dred.

louerd-hed. See spred.

maiden-hed. See red, s.

manliched, s.

red, s. 1/24.

ned, s.

red, s. 64/2242. See red, s., sped, s., witter-hed, reed.

of-dred, pp.

led, pp. 112/3956.

opened, pp.

dead, a. 12/388.

red, s.

dead, s. 12/402, 102/3590;

dead, a. 51/1768;

dred, s. 19/660;

led, inf. 115/4060;

maiden-hed, s. 53/1852;

ned, s. 72/2524;

sped, s. 8/240, 9/310, 46/1598, 50/1738, 56/1950, 61/2138, 73/2548, 83/2922, 108/3820, 115/4048. See dead, a., dred, for-dred, godefrigtihed, gred, manliched, ned, sed, sped, s., sped, inf., tamehed, wurðfulhed.

red, inf.

sped, s. 81/2830.

rigt-wished. See sped, s.

sed, s.

red, s. 46/1614;

sped, s. 4/122.

sinfulhed. See dred.

{237}sped, s.

dred, s. 54/1880;

frigtihed, s. 64/2222;

ned, s. 1/26;

red, s. 31/1084, 85/2996, 112/3930;

reed, s. 35/1222;

rigt-wished, s. 27/936. See dred, red, s., red, inf., sed.

sped, inf.

red, s. 46/1586.

sped, pp. See for-dred.

spred, pp.

louerd-hed, s. 24/832, See led, pp.

tamehed, s.

red, s. 43/1486.

un-red. See dead, a.

ut-led, pp.

ut-sped, pp. 90/3178.

witter-hed, s.

ned, s. 104/3668.

wurðfulhed, s.

red, s. 99/3500.

-ede

bede, s.

dede, pret. 19/632;

stede, s. 85/2982, 104/3654, 107/3772.

child-hede. See dede, pret.

dede, s. See stede.

dede, pret.

child-hede, s. 76/2652;

estdede, s. 79/2758;

mide, adv. 71/2478;

ride, s. 112/3950;

stede, s. 7/212, 20/680, 26/884, 38/1336, 54/1882, 54/1888, 69/2414, 94/3302, 117/4116;

ðor-mide, adv. 76/2656. See bede, quede, stede, mide.

estdede. See dede, pret.

for-dede. See stede.

mis-dede, pret.

stede, s. 53/1848.

quede, s.

dede, pret. 42/1464.

stede, s.

dede, s. 15/502;

dede, pret. 2/42, 4/118, 18/606, 21/724, 22/762, 37/1298, 37/1302, 50/1742, 54/1896, 56/1948, 57/1986, 70/2468, 75/2630, 75/2638, 91/3204, 95/3346, 110/3890, 114/4016, 117/4140;

for-dede, pret. 13/426. See bede, dede, pret., mis-dede, undede, vn-dede, deden, queðe.

undede, pret.

stede, s. 17/582.

vn-dede, pret.

stede, s. 84/2956.

wech-dede. See mide.

-eden

beden. See deden.

deden, pret. pl.

beden, pp. 63/2212;

stede, s. 94/3296;

stede[n], s. 101/3552;

steden, s. sg. 32/1114. See steden, s. pl., abiden.

leden, inf.

ðeden, s. pl. 66/2302. See speden.

speden, inf.

leden, inf. 66/2304.

stede[n]. See deden.

steden, s. sg. See deden.

steden, s. pl.

deden, pret. pl. 98/3442.

ðeden, s. pl. See leden.

ðeden, adv.

queðen, inf. 51/1792.

-eed

reed, s.

dred, s. 20/694;

godfulhed, s. 2/56;

ned, s. 36/1242. See sped, s.

-een

seen. See ben, inf.

teen. See a-gen, adv.

treen. See ben, inf.

-eet

neet, s. pl.

gret, a. 60/2098.

-ef

Calef, s.

lef, a. 106/3740;

ref, a. 106/3726.

dref. See lef.

lef, a.

dref, s. 118/4144. See Calef, ðef.

ref. See Calef.

ðef, s.

lef, a. 51/1774.

{238}

-eg

bi-teg. See dreg.

dreg, pret.

bi-teg, pret. 82/2878;

fleg, pret. 13/430. See heg.

fleg, pret.

teg, pret. 104/3644. See dreg, teg.

heg, a.

dreg, pret. 17/566;

ðeg, pret. 58/2012. See ðheg.

neg. See on-dreg.

on-dreg, adv.

neg, adv. 94/3320.

steg, pret.

teg, pret. 10/320.

teg, pret.

fleg, pret. 33/1136. See fleg, steg.

ðeg. See heg.

ðheg, pret.

heg, a. 79/2780.

-ei, -ey

a-wei, adv.

deai, s. 25/862. See dai, grei.

dei, s.

weila-wei, int. 60/2088.

grei, a.

a-wei, adv. 50/1724.

wei, s.

dai, s. 41/1430. See dai.

wey. See day.

weila-wei. See dei.

-eid

leid, pp.

seid, pp. 69/2428. See seid.

seid, pp.

leid, pp. 69/2426. See leid.

-eim

greim. See swem.

-ein

a-gein, postp.

rein, s. 95/3326.

-eken

bi-speken, pret. pl.

i-wreken, pp. 53/1856.

breken, sbj. pres.

wreken, sbj. pres. 90/3148.

i-wreken. See bi-speken.

reken, a.

speken, inf. 99/3486.

speken, inf.

vnsteken, inf. 81/2828;

wreken, inf. 99/3474;

wreken, pp. 58/2028. See reken, vn-reken, wreken, pp.

vn-reken, a.

speken, inf. 80/2818.

vnsteken. See speken.

weken. See wreken, pp.

wreken, inf. See speken.

wreken, sbj. pres. See breken.

wreken, pp.

speken, inf. 87/3068;

weken, pp. 93/3282. See speken.

-el

Abel. See sel.

Anel, s.

wel, adv. 24/822, 25/866.

Batuel. See sel.

Beseël, s.

wel, adv. 100/3534.

Besseleël, s.

wel, adv. 103/3622.

Betel, s.

sel, s. 54/1866;

wel, adv. 47/1632, 54/1884.

del, s.

wel, adv. 17/568, 26/896, 92/3240, 96/3378, 112/3934. See Israel, mel, wel.

hostel, s.

kamel, s. 40/1398.

Ysmael, s.

mel, s. 36/1246;

sel, s. 35/1204, 35/1224;

wel, adv. 36/1266, 42/1456.

Israel, s.

del, s. 98/3450;

Phanuel, s. 52/1820;

wel, adv. 52/1816, 68/2382, 82/2864, 92/3246, 96/3374, 96/3392, 114/4024, 118/4150, 118/4152. See sel, wel.

Ysrael, s.

wel, adv. 88/3108, 96/3382. See wel.

kamel, s.

wel, adv. 40/1380. See hostel.

mel, s.

del, s. 43/1510. See Ysmael, sel, wel.

Michael, s.

wel, adv. 103/3610.

{239}ostel. See wel.

Phanuel, s.

wel, adv. 52/1822. See Israel.

Rachel s.

wel, adv. 48/1670, 48/1684. See wel.

sel s.

Abel, s. 13/418;

Batuel, s. 39/1376;

Israel, s. 115/4066;

mel, s. 59/2052;

sumdel, adv. 79/2770;

wel, adv. 32/1096, 43/1504, 44/1546, 73/2542. See Betel, Ysmael, wel.

Smael. See wel.

sumdel. See sel.

wel, adv.

del, s. 7/230, 27/914, 31/1062, 32/1092, 38/1324, 41/1444, 58/2010, 83/2906, 97/3422, 113/3988, 114/4014;

Israel, s. 97/3406;

Ysrael, s. 53/1846, 104/3678;

mel, s. 30/1020, 43/1484, 44/1542, 69/2412;

ostel, s. 31/1056, 44/1522;

Rachel, s. 47/1646;

sel, s. 27/928, 30/1032, 34/1184, 68/2388, 74/2582, 99/3502;

Smael, s. 28/982;

wel, adv. 66/2300. See Anel, Beseël, Besseleël, Betel, del, Ysmael, Israel, Ysrael, kamel, Michael, Phanuel, Rachel, sel.

-eld

for-held. See tgeld.

tgeld, s.

for-held, pret. 5/2026.

-ele

for-hele. See stele.

stele, v. sbj.

for-hele, v. sbj. 100/3512.

-elen

for-helen, inf.

stelen, inf. 74/2594.

helen. See stelen.

stelen, inf.

helen, inf. 30/1036. See for-helen.

-ellen

tellen, inf.

welle[n], s. 79/2756.

-em

bem. See drem.

berem-tem, s.

Ierusalem, s. 111/3904.

beren-tem. See drem.

drem, s.

bem, s. 46/1606;

beren-tem, s. 28/954;

em, s. 51/1758;

strem, s. 60/2096.

em. See drem.

gem. See rem.

hem. See Sichem, Effraym.

Ierusalem. See berem-tem.

rem, s.

gem, s. 75/2614. See swem.

Salem. See Sem, Sichem.

Sem, s.

Salem, s. 26/904.

Sichem, s.

hem, pron. pl. 54/1872, 55/1930;

Salem, s. 53/1842.

strem. See drem.

swem, s.

greim, s. 12/392;

rem, s. 56/1962.

-en

a-gen, (agen) adv.

ben, inf. 12/406, 28/980, 46/1616, 59/2072, 67/2338, 75/2624, 93/3268, 98/3436, 106/3734, 115/4046;

ben, v. pl. 67/2350, 92/3228, 106/3720;

gon, inf. 107/3770;

leten, inf. 101/3544;

sen, inf. 32/1098, 56/1960, 80/2794, 80/2812, 109/3834, 112/3946;

teen, inf. 39/1344;

ten, inf. 81/2850;

under-gon, inf. 33/1160;

vt-ten, inf. 114/4004. See ben, inf., ben, v. pl., sen, inf.

agen, postp.

sen, inf. 116/4076. See Moysen, neðer-ten, sen, inf. (= say), sen, inf., ston.

amen. See bi-twen, men.

ben, inf.

agen, adv. 18/604, 64/2250, 77/2708, 82/2884;

bi-twen, postp. 51/1776, 69/2406;

flen, inf. 7/218, 31/1086, 92/3224;

{240}Moysen, s. 97/3428;

quuen, s. 9/296;

seen, inf. 70/2438;

sen, inf. 12/394, 28/956, 39/1370, 47/1626, 47/1630, 52/1810, 61/2130, 75/2628, 86/3030, 86/3036, 87/3042, 94/3316;

sen, pp. 30/1030;

ten, inf. 27/934;

tgen, v. 109/3824;

ðen, inf. 45/1550;

treen, s. pl. 37/1278. See a-gen, adv., bi-sen, inf., bi-sen, pp., bi-twen, flen, inf., flen, v. pl., Gersen, men, Moysen, sen, inf., sren, ten, inf., ðen, inf., ðor-gen, wen.

ben, v. pl.

a-gen, adv. 105/3706;

bi-sen, inf. 97/3414;

bi-ten, v. pl. 103/3626;

flen, v. pl. 97/3432;

sen, inf. 9/298, 33/1130, 62/2170, 62/2178;

sen, v. pl. 6/140;

ðen, v. pl. 33/1128. See a-gen, adv., flen, v. pl., Ramesen, sen, inf., sen, v. pl., steres-men, ðor bi-twen, in.

ben, v. sbj. sg. See sen, inf.

bimen. See Moysen, Moyses.

bi-sen, inf.

ben, inf. 38/1314, 61/2142. See ben, v. pl.

bi-sen, pp.

ben, inf. 41/1412.

bi-ten. See ben, v. pl.

bi-twen, postp.

amen, int. 72/2536;

ben, inf. 8/252, 55/1928;

ben, v. pl. 46/1602;

sen, inf. 76/2664. See ben, inf., men, Moysen, sen, inf.

chapmen. See ten, a.

Eden, s.

men, s. pl. 13/434.

Egipcien, s.

sen, inf. 88/3104;

sen, pp. 78/2720.

fen. See men.

flen, inf.

ben, inf. 26/876;

ten, inf. 113/3968;

then, inf. 44/1514. See ben, inf., wen.

flen, v. pl.

ben, inf. 77/2686;

ben, v. pl. 116/4074;

ten, v. pl. 25/856. See ben, v. pl., Moysen.

forsweðen. See seien.

hore-men. See Moysen.

Gersen, s.

ben, inf. 67/2354;

men, s. pl. 77/2710, 84/2950, 87/3052, 89/3122. See hirde-men, men.

herte-bren. See men.

hirde-men, s. pl.

Gersen, s. 68/2396.

hore-men. See Moysen.

kinnes-men. See Moysen.

len. See s[l]en.

leten. See a-gen, adv.

men, s. pl.

amen, int. 118/4162;

ben, inf. 72/2534;

bi-twen, postp. 1/8;

fen, s. 15/490;

Gersen, s. 68/2364;

herte-bren, s. 115/4054;

ren, (?) 91/3218;

ten, a. 107/3752;

wimmen, s. pl. 90/3176. See Eden, Gersen, ren, wimmen.

Moysen, s.

agen, postp. 85/3002;

ben, inf. 75/2632, 83/2910, 89/3134, 96/3394, 103/3630;

bimen, s. 82/2894;

bi-men, s. 104/3660;

bi-twen, postp. 100/3524;

flen, v. pl. 89/3118;

hore-men, s. pl. 115/4072;

kinnes-men, s. pl. 97/3400;

man, s. 88/3110;

sen, inf. 101/3554. See ben, inf.

neðer-ten, inf.

a-gen, postp. 101/3568.

quuen. See ben, inf.

Ramesen, s.

ben, v. pl. 73/2554.

ren, s.

men, s. pl. 1/2. See men.

seien, inf.

forsweðen, inf. 33/1140.

sen, inf. (= say).

a-gen, postp. 52/1796;

sen, inf.

agen, adv. 106/3724;

{241}a-gen, postp. 58/2030, 113/3980;

ben, inf. 7/226, 29/1012, 39/1374, 45/1560, 45/1572, 55/1924, 57/1972, 57/1980, 69/2420, 76/2660, 83/2928, 89/3136, 91/3212, 107/3764, 116/4102;

ben, v. pl. 9/280, 81/2834, 84/2942, 93/3258, 105/3700;

ben, v. sbj. sg. 48/1664;

bi-twen, postp. 103/3616;

ten, inf. 36/1238. See a-gen, adv., agen, postp., ben, inf., ben, v. pl., bi-twen, Egipcien, Moysen, tren.

sen, v. pl.

ben, v. pl. 102/3594. See ben, v. pl.

sen, pp. See ben, inf., Egipcien, wen.

s[l]en, inf.

len, s. 81/2838.

slen, inf.

ðor agen, adv. 106/3730.

sren (for fren), inf.

ben, inf. 32/1104.

steres-men, s. pl.

ben, v. pl. 97/3430;

tgen, a. 97/3418.

ten, a.

chapmen, s. pl. 56/1956. See men.

ten, inf.

ben, inf. 55/1914, 56/1954, 86/3006. See a-gen, adv., ben, inf., flen, inf., sen, inf.

ten, v. pl. See flen, v. pl.

tgen, v. See ben, inf.

tgen, a. See steres-men.

then. See flen, inf.

ðen, inf.

ben, inf. 5/164, 23/804, 76/2646, 114/4008. See ben, inf.

ðen, v. pl. See ben, v. pl.

ðor agen. See slen.

ðor bi-twen, adv.

ben, v. pl. 63/2204.

ðor-gen, adv.

ben, inf. 80/2798.

tren, s. pl.

sen, inf. 94/3306.

vt-ten. See a-gen, adv.

wapmen, s. pl.

wimmen, s. pl. 88/3076.

wen, s.

ben, inf. 108/3810;

flen, inf. 93/3272;

sen, pp. 3/74.

wimmen, s. pl.

men, s. pl. 19/654. See men, wapmen.

-ende

lockende. See specande.

-eng

streng, s.

under-feng, pret. 14/480.

-ent

bi-ment. See went.

brent. See sent.

firmament, s.

sent, pp. 3/96;

went, pp. 5/136.

present, s.

sent, pp. 53/1832, 65/2274.

ſent. See went.

sent, pp.

brent, pp. 19/642;

went, pp. 74/2600, 82/2896. See firmament, present, ðusent, went.

shent. See went.

ðusent, s.

sent, pp. 16/528.

went, pp.

bi-ment, pp. 63/2202;

ſent, pp. 71/2490;

sent, pp. 66/2312;

shent, pp. 22/754. See firmament, sent.

-eon

ageon. See Seon.

Seon, s.

ageon, postp. 111/3912.

-ep

dep. See slep.

Iosep, s.

wep, s. 67/2328.

kep, s.

lep, pret. 78/2726;

sep, s. 27/940, 38/1334, 50/1740. See sep, slep.

lep. See kep.

sep, s.

kep, s. 49/1720, 78/2746, 89/3112. See kep.

slep, pret.

dep, a. 56/1942;

kep, s. 28/968.

swep. See Ioseph.

wep, s. See Iosep, wep, pret.

{242}wep, pret.

wep, s. 110/3888.

-eph (= ep).

Caleph, s.

weph, s. 116/4096.

Ioseph, s.

swep, s. 60/2086.

weph. See Caleph.

-er

Ader, s.

ðer, adv. 54/1890.

alter, s.

der, s. 114/4020;

ðer, adv. 101/3550.

Asser. See ber.

aucter. See der.

ber, pret.

Asser, s. 49/1702.

buteler, s.

ðer, adv. 61/2116.

butuler, s.

her, adv. 59/2056.

der, s.

aucter, s. 18/612;

her, adv. 6/170, 6/184, 9/300, 57/1976, 114/4026;

ner, adv. 14/478. See alter, her, ner.

Eliezer, s.

fer, adv. 39/1360. See ner, ðer.

fer, a.

ner, adv. 105/3694, 107/3786.

fer, adv. See Eliezer.

ger, s.

her, adv. 30/1022, 48/1686, 49/1716, 50/1732, 70/2464, 106/3744;

mester, s. 16/532, 16/536;

ner, adv. 42/1460;

Syon-gaber, s. 105/3698;

ðer, adv. 91/3200. See her, ner, ðor.

her, adv.

der, s. 6/178;

ger, s. 5/150, 27/918, 42/1478, 49/1710. See butuler, der, ger.

mester. See ger.

ner, adv. or postp.

der, s. 14/474;

Eliezer, s. 40/1396;

ger, s. 49/1692;

ðer, adv. 47/1648, 75/2612. See der, fer, a., ger.

prisuner. See ðer.

Syon-gaber. See ger.

ðer, adv.

Eliezer, s. 79/2766;

prisuner, s. 59/2042. See Ader, alter, buteler, ger, ner.

-erd

erd, s.

sperd, pp. 12/384. See sperd.

middel-erd, s.

sperd, pp. 3/94.

offerd. See swerd.

sperd, pp.

erd, s. 60/2094. See erd, middel-erd.

swerd, s.

offerd, pp. 81/2844.

-ere

answere, s.

dere, s. 106/3742;

dere, v. sbj. 101/3566.

bere, v. sbj.

dere, v. sbj. 100/3514.

childre-bere, a.

gere, s. 42/1466.

dere, s. See answere, here, were (= husband).

dere, v. sbj. See answere, bere.

gere, s. See childre-bere.

gere, a. See smere.

here, s.

dere, s. 85/2970, 91/3214;

were, s. (= war) 51/1788;

were, s. (= defence) 76/2680.

huntere, s.

tiliere, s. 43/1482.

smere, s.

gere, a. 45/1574.

tiliere. See huntere.

were, s. (= husband).

dere, s. 46/1588. See here.

were (= war). See here.

were (= defence). See here.

-eren

answeren, s.

weren, inf. 76/2674.

beren, inf.

deren, inf. 23/788, 54/1868, 73/2558. See weren, inf.

beren, pret. pl.

deren, inf. 34/1188.

deren, inf.

weren, inf. 37/1272, 52/1794, 73/2564, 78/2750. See beren, inf., beren, pret. pl., sheren, weren, inf.

{243}deren, v. pl. See weren, v. pl.

deren, v. sbj. See here[n].

geren, inf.

smeren, inf. 70/2442.

here[n], s.

deren, v. sbj. 71/2480.

sheren, inf.

deren, inf. 67/2348.

smeren. See geren.

to-teren, inf.

weren, inf. 60/2090.

weren, inf.

beren, inf. 30/1044, 60/2084;

deren, inf. 52/1818. See answeren, deren, inf., to-teren.

weren, v. pl.

deren, v. pl. 25/852.

-eres

deres. See skipperes.

skipperes, s. pl.

deres, s. pl. 88/3088.

-ert

desert, s.

pert, a. 94/3292.

-es

bles, s. gen. sg.

bles, s. gen. sg. 50/1730;

likeles, a. 50/1726.

Cades. See ne-ðe-les.

ches, pret.

for-les, pret. 24/808. See Moyses.

forles, pret.

mis-ches, pret. 6/190. See ches.

helpeles. See Moyses.

les, a.

Moyses, s. 102/3596.

les, pret. See Moyses.

likeles. See bles.

mis-ches. See forles.

Moyses, s.

bi-men, s. 95/3356;

ches, pret. 78/2736;

helpeles, a. 92/3232, 101/3558, 116/4106;

les, pret. 82/2874;

redles, a. 102/3574. See les, a.

ne-ðe-les, adv.

Cades, s. 109/3854.

redles. See Moyses.

-est

alðer-best. See west.

best, a. See fest.

best, adv.

fest, a. or pp. 44/1524.

fest, a. or pp.

best, a. 68/2374. See best, adv.

hegest. See prest.

nest, a.

prest, s. 108/3792, 110/3886, 111/3922.

prest, s.

hegest, a. 26/900. See nest.

west, s.

alðer-best, adv. 96/3390.

-esten

lesten. See reste[n].

reste[n], s.

lesten, inf. 1/12.

-et

bet, adv.

get, adv. 49/1714;

set, pp. 107/3754. See get, adv.

bi-set, pp.

gret, pp. 92/3226.

fet, s. pl.

gret, s. 107/3774.

flet, pret.

under-let, pret. 91/3188.

get, adv.

bet, adv. 84/2938;

bi-gat, pret. 65/2278. See bet.

get, pret.

ouer-flet, pret. 17/586.

gret, s. See fet.

gret, a. See neet.

gret, pret.

wet, a. 65/2288, 67/2342, 67/2356.

gret, pp. See bi-set.

let. See schet.

met, s.

set, pp. 5/146.

ouer-flet. See get, pret.

schet, pret.

let, pp. 14/476.

set. See bet, met.

under-let. See flet.

wet. See gret, pret.

-ete

gete, v.

mete, s. 43/1498.

{244}gete, adv. See mete.

mete, s.

eten, inf. 44/1538;

gete, adv. 43/1488. See gete, v.

-eten

bi-geten, inf.

eten, inf. 104/3670;

for-geten, inf. 58/2022;

teten, s. pl. 99/3480. See eten, inf., for-geten, pp., freten, inf., ouer-meten.

bi-geten, pp.

feten, inf. 78/2744;

for-geten, inf. 27/912;

for-geten, pp. 33/1152, 89/3128. See for-geten, pp.

eten, inf.

bi-geten, inf. 44/1532;

for-geten, inf. 40/1400, 52/1806, 105/3682. See mete, bi-geten, inf., mete[n], s., meten, s., wliten.

eten, v. sbj. See mete[n] (?)

eten, pp.

forgeten, inf. 10/330.

feten. See bi-geten, pp.

for-geten, inf. See bi-geten, inf., bi-geten, pp., eten, inf., eten, pp., freten, pp., meten, pp.

for-geten, pp.

bigeten, inf. 62/2180;

bi-geten, pp. 77/2706. See bi-geten, pp.

freten, inf.

bi-geten, inf. 114/4028.

freten, pp.

for-geten, inf. 60/2102.

mete[n], (?)

eten, v. sbj. 90/3152.

mete[n], s.

eten, inf. 11/364, 104/3658.

meten, s.

eten, inf. 60/2080, 65/2256.

meten, pp.

forgeten, inf. 77/2702.

ouer-meten, pp.

bi-geten, inf. 48/1666.

teten. See bi-geten, inf.

-eð, eth

beð. See seð.

bleð, a.

Iareth, s. 111/3908. See Iacabeð.

Iacabeð, s.

bleð, a. 74/2590.

Iareth. See bleð.

leð. See fed.

með, s.

seð, v. 3 sg. 6/196.

seð, v. 3 sg.

beð, v. 3 sg. 6/182. See með.

-eðe

queðe, s.

stede, s. 114/4012.

-eðen

beðen, inf.

bi-queðen, inf. 70/2448.

bi-neðen, adv.

queðen, inf. 114/4002;

queðen, pp. 112/3944. See queðen, inf., quuemeðen, ðeðen.

bi-queðen. See beðen.

queðen, inf.

bi-neðen, adv. 100/3526. See bi-neðen, ðeden, adv., ðeðen.

queðen, pp. See bi-neðen.

quuemeðen, pret. pl.

bi-neðen, adv. 4/126.

ðeðen, adv.

bi-neðen, adv. 3/66;

queðen, inf. 79/2788.

-eðer

alðerneðer, adv.

weðer, s. 113/3998.

neðer. See liðer.

weðer. See alðerneðer.

-eue

dreue. See Eue.

Eue, s.

dreue, inf. 10/318.

-euen, ewen

bi-lewen, inf.

liuen, inf. 64/2234.

geuen, pp.

liuen, inf. 75/2610. See liuen, v. pl.

-euene, euone

euene, adv.

heuone, s. 10/332.

-ew

glew, s.

knew, pret. 14/460.

{245}

-i, -y

Adonay. See for-ði.

Ai. See seli.

Ay. See Sarray.

bi, adv.

Gibi, s. 24/826.

bi, postp. See for-ði, redi, Sarray, seuenti, weri.

dor-bi, adv.

for-ði, adv. 47/1638.

dredi. See slepi.

Eley, s.

Ely, s. 83/2904.

Eliopoli, s.

forði, adv. 57/2004.

for-ði, adv.

Adonay, s. 83/2902;

bi, postp. 91/3208;

her-bi, adv. 58/2034;

Leui, s. 53/1862;

sti, s. 112/3958;

wi, s. 53/1854, 92/3220. See dor-bi, Eliopoli, merci, Moysi, Sarrai, Sinay, ðor-bi.

Gibi. See bi, adv.

gredi. See weri.

her-bi. See for-ði, Moysi.

Leui. See for-ði.

merci, s.

for-ði, adv. 63/2208. See Synay.

Moysi, s. dat.

for-ði, adv. 77/2692;

her-bi, adv. 101/3572.

redi, a.

bi, postp. 107/3760.

Sarrai, s.

for-ði, adv. 22/766;

untuderi, a. 28/964.

Sarray, s.

Ay, s. 23/800;

bi, postp. 22/742;

sori, a. 28/974;

sort-leui, a. 21/712.

seli, a.

Ai, s. 22/760.

seuenti a.

bi, postp. 42/1454, 104/3666.

Sinay, s.

forði, adv. 94/3310.

Synay, s.

merci, s. 102/3600;

ðor-bi, adv. 79/2774. See ðor-bi.

slepi, a.

dredi, a. 25/872.

sori. See Sarray.

sort-leui. See Sarray.

sti. See for-ði.

ðor-bi, adv.

for-ði, adv. 113/4000;

Synay, s. 96/3362, 109/3850. See Synay, ðritti, tidi.

ðritti, a. [xxxvij = seuen and ðritti].

ðor-bi, adv. 42/1458.

tidi, a.

ðor-bi, adv. 60/2106.

untuderi. See Sarrai.

weri, a.

bi, postp. 28/976;

gredi, a. 43/1494.

wi. See for-ði.

-ib

rib, s.

sib, a. 7/228.

-ic

geuelic. See dik.

-id

bi-tid, pp.

hid, pp. 11/358, 74/2592, 78/2732, 117/4138. See for-hid, hid, kid, srid.

for-hid, pp.

bi-tid, pp. 54/1876.

hid, pp.

bi-tid, pp. 34/1194. See bi-tid, srid.

kid, pp.

bi-tid, pp. 67/2358.

srid, pp.

bi-tid, pp. 57/1978;

hid, pp. 11/380.

tid, s.

wid, a. 2/60, 8/264.

-ide

mide, adv.

dede, pret. 84/2964, 91/3198, 104/3656;

wech-dede, s. 70/2460. See dede, pret.

ride. See dede, pret.

ðor-mide. See dede, pret.

-iden

abiden, pret. pl.

deden, pret. pl. 71/2484;

gliden, pp. 98/3460.

{246}gliden. See abiden.

hiden. See sriden.

sriden, inf.

hiden, inf. 11/352.

-ider

hider. adv.

to-gider, adv. 67/2352.

-if

lif, s.

strif, s. 8/268, 23/778, 70/2440, 103/3638;

wif, s. 22/768, 34/1170, 99/3484. See strif, wif.

rif. See wif.

strif, s.

lif, s. 6/176, 15/504, 108/3818;

wif, s. 23/780. See lif, wif.

wif, s.

lif, s. 9/304, 10/316, 12/398, 34/1174, 39/1364, 41/1440, 46/1594, 97/3402;

rif, a. 7/232, 36/1252;

strif, s. 21/716, 25/860, 34/1182. See lif, strif.

-igt

brigt, s.

ligt, s. 5/144.

brigt, a.

ligt, s. 5/154;

ligt, a. 93/3256;

rigt, a. 118/4148;

rigt, adv. 28/952, 115/4040. See migt, nigt.

figt, s.

nigt, s. 38/1318. See migt, nigt, rigt, adv., wigt.

fligt, s.

migt, s. 5/162;

nigt, s. 5/166.

frigt. See migt, nigt.

fugel-fligt, s.

rigt, adv. 94/3322.

knigt, s.

ligt, a. 9/284.

lig[t], s.

nig[t], s. 8/246.

ligt, s.

migt, s. 2/54, 5/168;

nigt, s. 3/76, 9/288;

rigt, adv. 30/1050. See brigt, s., brigt, a., nigt.

ligt, a. See brigt, a., knigt, nigt.

ligt, adv. See rigt, adv.

ligt, pp.

o-frigt, pp. 104/3652.

migt, s.

brigt, a. 4/132, 118/4156;

figt, s. 26/898;

frigt, s. 35/1234;

up-rigt, adv. 92/3248. See fligt, ligt, s., nigt.

nig[t]. See lig[t].

nigt, s.

brigt, a. 31/1058;

figt, s. 25/870, 31/1066, 42/1470, 88/3086;

frigt, s. 28/950;

ligt, s. 2/44, 3/90, 4/114, 4/130, 5/158, 94/3294, 112/3948, 118/4158;

ligt, a. 51/1782;

migt, s. 17/584, 52/1802, 70/2450;

offrigt, pp. 105/3692;

rigt, adv. 3/80, 46/1604, 61/2124, 70/2462, 90/3160, 93/3288. See figt, fligt, ligt, s., pligt, s., rigt, s., rigt, adv.

offrigt. See nigt.

ofrigt, pp.

o-rigt, adv. 64/2226. See ligt, pp. onigt.

onigt, adv.

o-frigt, pp. 59/2050.

o-rigt. See ofrigt.

pligt, s.

nigt, s. 103/3612;

rigt, s. 36/1270.

pligt, pp.

un-rigt, s. 37/1276.

rigt, s.

nigt, s. 37/1300. See pligt, s., v[n]-frigt.

rigt, a. See brigt, a.

rigt, adv.

figt, s. 26/886, 77/2682;

ligt, adv. 64/2252;

nigt, s. 70/2454, 84/2952. See brigt, a., fugel-fligt, ligt, s., nigt.

v[n]-frigt, a.

rigt, s. 105/3714.

un-rigt. See pligt, pp.

up-rigt. See migt.

wigt, a.

figt, s. 25/864.

-igti

frigti. See migti.

{247}migti, a.

frigti, a. 29/984.

-ik

dik, s.

geuelic, adv. 9/282.

-ike

arsmetike. See witterlike.

bitter-like, adv.

luue-like, adv. 117/4126.

bliðelike, adv.

sikerlike, adv. 43/1500. See mildelike.

brigt-like, adv.

witterlike, adv. 99/3492.

festelike, adv.

witterlike, adv. 97/3408.

frigtilike, adv.

mildelike, adv. 62/2164;

wittirlike, adv. 47/1618.

kinde-like. See mildelike.

lecherlike. See witterlike.

liðer-like, adv.

witterlike, adv. 45/1564. See bi-swiken.

luue-like. See bitter-like.

mildelike, adv.

bliðelike, adv. 41/1424;

kinde-like, adv. 71/2500;

selðhelike, adv. 39/1372;

witterlike, adv. 38/1322. See frigtilike, witterlike.

miserlike. See witterlike.

modilike. See opelike.

opelike, adv.

modilike, adv. 74/2584.

selðhelike. See mildelike.

sikerlike, adv.

witterlike, adv. 66/2320. See bliðelike.

swike, a. pl.

witterlike, adv. 81/2846.

trike, s.

witterlike, adv. 84/2948.

witterlike, adv.

arsmetike, s. 23/792;

lecherlike, adv. 22/770;

milde-like, adv. 79/2778;

miserlike, adv. 76/2658. See brigt-like, festelike, liðer-like, mildelike, sikerlike, swike, trike.

wittirlike. See frigtilike.

-iken

bi-swiken, pp.

liðerlike, adv. 101/3562.

-il

hil, s.

wil, s. 17/588, 37/1294, 113/3996.

sckil, s.

wil, s. 7/204.

ſkil. See wil.

skil, s.

wil, s. 6/194, 41/1426, 92/3236.

ðor-til, adv.

wil, s. 68/2372.

unskil. See wil.

vn-skil. See wil.

wil, s.

ſkil, s. 2/52;

unskil, s. 10/342;

vn-skil, s. 100/3506. See hil, sckil, skil, ðor-til.

-ild

child, s.

milde, a. 29/986. See fild, mild.

fild, pp.

child, s. 35/1226.

mild, a.

child, s. 75/2636. See childe.

-ilde

childe, s.

mild, a. 37/1306.

milde. See child.

-ile

quile, s.

spile, s. 98/3462;

wile, v. 3 sg. 93/3276, 98/3444.

sile. See spile.

spile, s.

sile, s. 85/2978. See quile.

tile, s.

wile, v. 3 sg. 44/1520.

wile, v. 3 sg.

wile, v. 3 sg. 58/2020. See quile, tile.

-iled

hiled. See spiled.

spiled, pp.

hiled, pp. 91/3184.

-ilen

spilen. See wilen.

{248}wilen (MS. welin), v. pl.

spilen, inf. 72/2532.

-ille

stille, a.

wille, s. dat. 87/3060.

-ilt

filt, pp.

pilt, pp. 63/2214.

-im, ym.

Abarim, s.

him, pron. 117/4118. See him.

Balim. See him.

Caym, s.

kin, s. 16/544.

dim, a.

him, pron. 104/3674. See him.

Effraym, s.

hem, pron. pl. 62/2152.

Elim, s.

him, pron. 94/3304;

Sin, s. 94/3308.

him, pron.

Abarim, s. 116/4100;

Balim, s. pl. 20/690;

dim, a. 9/286;

Neptalim, s. 49/1700;

Rafadim, s. 95/3352. See Abarim, dim, Elim, Manaim.

Manaim, s.

him, pron. 51/1790.

Neptalim. See him.

Rafadim. See him.

-imen

bi-nimen. See timen.

forð-nimen. See timen.

nimen. See timen.

timen, inf.

bi-nimen, inf. 51/1764;

forð-nimen, inf. 76/2676;

nimen, inf. 67/2362;

trimen, inf. 30/1024.

trimen. See timen.

-in

Beniamin, s.

fin, a. 68/2370;

kin, s. 63/2186, 63/2190;

min, a. 67/2336;

ðin, a. 65/2282;

ðor-in, adv. 66/2310. See in, win.

dure-pin. See in.

fin, a. See Beniamin.

fin, s. See lin.

hin. See kin.

hines-kin. See wið-in.

in, postp. or adv.

ben, v. pl. 24/816;

Beniamin, s. 64/2240;

dure-pin, s. 31/1078;

kin, s. 105/3702;

win, s. 18/598. See kin.

kin, s.

hin, adv. 22/738;

in, postp. 75/2618, 109/3830;

ðor-in, adv. 103/3634, 108/3816, 109/3836;

wid-hin, postp. 39/1352;

wið-hin, postp. 18/628;

wið-in, postp. 74/2586, 74/2608, 79/2760. See Caym, Beniamin, in, wid-hin.

lin, v. pl.

fin, s. 109/3852.

min. See Beniamin, ðin.

Sin, s.

wið-in, postp. 110/3860. See Elim.

ðer-in. See win.

ðin, a.

min, a. 104/3662. See Beniamin.

ðor-in. See Beniamin, kin.

wid-hin, postp.

kin, s. 16/556. See kin.

win, s.

Beniamin, s. 66/2296;

ðer-in, adv. 59/2068.

win, s.

wið-in, postp. 11/348. See in.

wið-hin. See kin.

wið-in, postp.

hines-kin, s. 107/3776. See kin, Sin, win.

-inc

drinc, s.

swinc, s. 96/3366. See stinc, swinc.

stinc, s.

drinc, s. 85/2976. See swinc.

swinc, s.

drinc, s. 26/894;

stinc, s. 73/2556. See drinc.

-ind

mind. See wind.

wind, s.

mind, s. 104/3676.

{249}

-ine

dine, s.

hine, pron. 98/3468.

erðe-dine. See hine.

hine, pron.

erðe-dine, s. 32/1108. See dine, sunne-sine.

sunne-sine, s.

hine, pron. 95/3336, 95/3338.

-ing

biginning, s.

ending, s. 15/522.

bliscing, s.

ending, s. 43/1506. See gestning, king.

daiening. See king.

ending. See biginning, bliscing.

gestning, s.

bliscing, s. 43/1508.

giscing. See ðing.

king, s.

bliscing, s. 68/2398;

daiening, s. 93/3264;

lesing, s. 74/2578;

muni[gin]g, s. 20/678;

ofspring, s. 62/2182;

wurðing, s. 20/684, 26/892, 113/3990. See ðing.

kumeling. See louereding.

lesing. See king.

louereding, s.

kumeling, s. 24/834.

muni[gin]g. See king.

muniging, s.

tok-ning, s. 47/1624.

muning. See wurðing.

murni[n]g. See tidding.

ofspring. See king.

ring, s.

wurðing, s. 61/2140.

spring, s.

timing, s. 36/1244.

ðhing. See tiding.

ðing, s.

giscing, s. 100/3516;

king, s. 62/2172;

twie-wifing, s. 13/450.

tidding, s.

murni[n]g, s. 83/2908.

tiding, s.

ðhing, s. 30/1026.

timing. See spring.

tok-ning. See muniging.

twie-wifing. See ðing.

wurðing, s.

muning, s. 108/3788. See king, ring.

-inge

biginninge. See timinge.

kinge. See ðhinge.

singe. See wurðinge.

ðhinge, s. pl.

kinge, s. (gen. pl.?) 2/30.

timinge, s.

biginninge, s. 2/32.

wurðinge, s. (? dat.)

singe, v. 1 sg. 2/34.

-inne

blinne, inf.

sinne, s. 9/290.

-ipte

Egipte, s.

kipte, pret. 90/3164.

-ir, yr

fir, s.

sir, a. 102/3580. See sir.

martyr, s.

sir, a. 15/518.

schir, a.

Seyr, s. 53/1836.

scir. See Seyr.

Seyr, s.

scir, a. 109/3848. See schir.

sir, (?)

fir, s. 87/3046.

sir, a. See fir, martyr.

-ird

hird. See stired.

-ire

hire, pron.

kire, s. 44/1536;

shire, v. sbj. pres. 58/2036. See kire.

yre. See kire.

kire, s.

hire, pron. 49/1694;

yre, s. 70/2452;

lire, s. 83/2920. See hire.

lire. See kire.

shire. See hire.

-ired

stired, pp.

hird, pp. 112/3962.

{250}

-iri

biri, s.

miri, a. 65/2258.

-is, ys

Amonaphis, s.

is, v. 73/2544.

blis. See i-wis, paradis, Pentapolis.

circumcis, a.

iwis, adv. 29/1000.

fis. See ywis.

Genesis. See in wis, i-wis.

Geraris, s.

y-wis, adv. 34/1168.

Gerasis. See in wis.

in wis, adv.

Genesis, s. 72/2522;

Gerasis, s. 44/1516.

is, v.

mis, adv. 7/206;

pris, s. 10/326. See Amonaphis, ðis, vncircumcis.

ys, s.

wis, a. 4/100.

i-wis, adv.

blis, s. 4/110;

Genesis, s. 12/414. See circumcis.

ywis, adv.

fis, s. 5/160. See Geraris.

mis. See is.

paradis, s.

blis, s. 7/210, 12/382;

pris, s. 9/292.

Pentapolis, s.

blis, s. 22/748;

Seboys, s. 24/838.

pris, s.

to wis, adv. 113/3992;

wis, a. 8/260, 64/2248. See is, paradis, Tarbis, wis.

Seboys. See Pentapolis.

Tarbis, s.

pris, s. 77/2690.

ðis, pron.

is, v. 18/602, 85/2994;

wis, a. 104/3672.

to wis. See pris.

vncircumcis, a.

is, v. 81/2842.

wis, a.

pris, s. 77/2700. See ys, pris, ðis.

-isce

blisce. See gisse.

-isen

a-grisen, pret. pl.

risen, pp. 20/668.

-isse

blisse. See iwisse.

gisse, v. sbj.

blisce, s. 100/3518.

iwisse, adv.

blisse, s. 3/92.

-ist

Antecrist. See Crist.

Crist, s.

Antecrist, s. 15/508.

list. See ðrist.

ðrist, s.

list, s. 28/978, 35/1230.

-it

it, pron.

lit, s. 56/1968;

writ, s. 57/1974.

-ite

bite, s.

smite, s. 85/2990.

-iten

fliten, pp.

smiten, pp. 105/3690.

witen, v. pl.

writen, pp. 16/524.

wliten, s. sg.

eten, inf. 65/2290. See writen.

writen, pp.

wliten, s. sg. 103/3614. See witen.

-ið

frið, s.

grið, s. 20/682;

wið, postp. 23/790.

grið, s.

wið, postp. 14/470. See frið, wið.

lið, s. See wið.

lið, v. See nið.

nið, s.

lið, v. 3 sg. 55/1916;

sið, s. 73/2546.

nyð, s.

sið, s. 8/274.

sið. See nið, nyð.

smið. See wið.

{251}wið, postp.

grið, s. 17/560;

lið, s. 52/1804;

smið, s. 14/466. See frið, grið.

-iðe

bliðe, a.

swiðe, adv. 68/2376.

fiðe. See vn-miðe.

friðe. See siðe.

siðe, s.

friðe, v. sbj. 88/3094.

swiðe. See bliðe.

vn-miðe, s.

fiðe (for siðe), s. 113/3974.

-iðer

liðer, a.

neðer, adv. 11/370.

niðer, adv.

wiðer, adv. 96/3386.

-iue

for-giue, v. sbj.

liuen, v. pl. 71/2496.

giue, v. sbj.

morgen-giwe, s. 41/1428.

-iued

cliued, v. 3 sg.

liued, v. 3 sg. 56/1964.

-iuen

cliuen. See liuen, inf.

driuen, pp.

giuen, pp. 48/1682, 90/3166;

liuen, inf. 9/308, 22/752, 32/1126, 62/2166, 66/2322. See liuen, inf.

giuen, inf.

liuen, inf. 74/2574.

giuen, pp. See driuen, liwen.

liuen, inf.

cliuen, inf. 11/372;

driuen, pp. 17/574. See geuen, bi-lewen, driuen, giuen, inf.

liuen, v. pl.

geuen, pp. 70/2458. See for-giue.

-iueð

biueð. See liueð.

cliueð. See liueð.

liueð, v. 3 sg.

biueð, v. 3 sg. 65/2280;

cliueð, v. 3 sg. 68/2384.

-iwe (= ive)

morgen-giwe. See giue.

-iwen (= iven)

liwen, inf.

giuen, pp. 116/4098.

-o

blo, a.

wo, s. 19/638.

do, inf. See to.

do, v. sbj.

to, postp. 100/3510. See so, ðer-to.

euere mo. See wo, s.

fo (= few), a.

wo, s. 69/2404.

fro, postp.

ðo, adv. 91/3196;

wo, s. 7/216, 82/2886, 83/2898. See ðo, adv.

Ierico. See so.

mo, a.

ðo, adv. 13/424, 20/670, 21/732, 22/740, 29/988;

ðo, pron. pl. 17/578, 30/1046, 108/3814, 112/3938;

wo, s. 69/2402. See wo, s.

so, adv.

do, v. sbj. 99/3504;

Ierico, s. 111/3918;

so, adv. 34/1196;

two, a. 21/706. See temptatio, ðore-to, ðor-to, to, two, a.

swo. See two, a.

temptatio, s.

so, adv. 96/3368.

ðer-to, adv.

do, v. sbj. 110/3870.

ðo, adv.

fro, postp. 26/902, 45/1552;

moo, a. 13/428. See fro, mo, wo, a.

ðo, pron. pl.

wo, s. 60/2100. See mo.

ðore-to, adv.

so, adv. 17/590.

ðor-fro. See oo.

ðor-to, adv.

so, adv. 20/664.

to, postp.

do, inf. 50/1754;

so, adv. 27/916, 52/1828, 71/2492, 99/3470, 102/3586;

two, a. 32/1094. See do, sbj., two, a.

two (for to). See two, a.

{252}two, a.

so, adv. 17/572, 27/942;

swo, adv. 31/1070;

to, postp. 80/2814;

two (for to), 37/1292. See so, to.

wo, s.

euere mo, adv. 3/70;

mo, a. 11/354;

wo, s. 85/2992. See blo, fo, fro, mo, ðo, pron.

wo, a.

ðo, adv. 88/3090.

-oc

boc. See mod [MS. moð].

for-soc, pret.

tok, pret. 53/1834.

oc, conj.

mod, s. 111/3924;

ouer-toc, pret. 50/1756;

toc, pret. 41/1416, 49/1690. See toc, fot.

ouer-toc. See oc.

toc, pret.

oc, conj. 34/1172, 45/1568. See oc.

-och

Enoch, s.

toch, pret. 15/500.

Iaboch, s.

toch, pret. 96/3372.

toch. See Enoch, Iaboch.

-od

bi-stod, pret.

mod, s. 109/3858,

blod, s.

good, a. 48/1662. See flod, god, s., god, a., under-stod, wod.

brod. See god, a.

flod, s.

blod, s. 80/2816. See God, s., stod.

God, s.

flod, s. 91/3186.

god, s.

blod, s. 42/1452.

god, a.

blod, s. 34/1192;

brod, s. 105/3712;

mod, s. 102/3602;

mood, s. 12/408;

seri-mod, a. 53/1850;

under-stod, pret. 98/3434. See mod.

mod, s.

fot, s. 65/2272;

god, a. 21/718, 41/1442;

good, a. 10/334;

under-stod, pret. 63/2210. See oc, bi-stod, god, a., stod.

mod, s. [MS. moð.]

boc, s. 102/3604.

seri-mod. See god, a.

sori-mod. See stod.

stod, pret.

flod, s. 18/596, 74/2602;

mod, s. 33/1162;

sori-mod, a. 100/3520. See good, a.

under-stod, pret.

blod, s. 42/1468, 65/2276. See god, a., mod.

vnder-stod, pret.

good, a. 68/2394.

wod, a.

blod, s. 31/1074, 84/2960.

-odd

Godd, s.

modd, s. 2/36.

-ode

bode, s.

Gode, s. dat. 12/396, 18/622, 81/2860. See Gode.

for-bode. See Gode.

Gode, s.

bode, s. 29/1008, 37/1286, 86/3016, 86/3034, 100/3538;

for-bode, s. 112/3932. See bode.

-of

drof. See heuene-rof, of.

heuene-rof, s.

drof, s. 4/102.

of, adv.

drof, s. 102/3582.

-og

a-nog. See wið-drog.

bog. See tog.

drog, pret.

ynog, adv. 111/3910.

ynog. See drog, wið-drog.

slog, pret.

swog, s. 14/484.

tog, pret.

bog, s. 18/608.

ut-drog, pret.

nuge, adv. 38/1328.

{253}wið-drog, pret.

a-nog, adv. 18/600;

ynog, adv. 108/3804.

-ogen

bi-togen, pp.

drogen, pp. 51/1772. See flogen.

drogen. See bi-togen, sogen, togen.

flogen, pp.

bi-togen, pp. 108/3796.

sogen, pp.

drogen, pp. 79/2786.

togen, pp.

drogen, pp. 104/3648.

-ogt

bi-sogt. See nogt, pron.

biðogt, pp.

brogt, pp. 2/38.

bogt, pp.

wrogt, pp. 105/3684.

brog[t]. See wrogt.

brogt, pp.

forwrogt, pp. 8/266;

nogt, adv. 113/3978;

sogt, pp. 25/848;

wrogt, pp. 74/2606. See biðogt, hogt, i-wrogt, nogt, pron., nogt, adv., ouer-ðogt, sogt, ðhogt, wrogt, bi-sogte.

dhogt, s.

nogt, adv. 33/1154.

forwrogt. See brogt.

hogt, pp.

brogt, pp. 61/2120.

i-wrogt, pp.

brogt, pp. 91/3216.

nogt, pron.

bi-sogt, pp. 88/3080;

brogt, pp. 15/488, 29/1018;

wrogt, pp. 2/40, 8/270. See ðogt.

nogt, adv.

brogt, pp. 16/550, 25/874, 67/2344, 68/2386, 112/3936;

sogt, pp. 55/1934, 89/3130;

sowt, pp. 82/2870;

ðogt, s. 31/1072, 67/2330;

wrogt, pp. 52/1812, 53/1860, 56/1940, 57/1982, 63/2218, 102/3588. See brogt, dhogt, sogt, ðhogt, ðogt, wrogt.

ouer-ðogt, pp.

brogt, pp. 64/2220.

sogt, pp.

brogt, pp. 105/3708;

nogt, adv. 51/1770, 62/2162;

up-brogt, pp. 91/3190. See brogt, nogt, adv.

ðhogt, s.

brogt, pp. 45/1580;

nogt, adv. 60/2112, 62/2168, 115/4062;

wrogt, pp. 33/1150, 112/3952.

ðogt, s.

nogt, pron. 58/2014, 114/4018;

nogt, adv. 110/3874. See nogt, adv., wrogt.

up-brogt. See sogt.

vt-brogt, pp.

wrogt, pp. 90/3174.

wrogt, pp.

brog[t], pp. 8/250;

brogt, pp. 3/62, 4/124, 9/294, 11/378, 80/2824, 103/3628;

nogt, adv. 74/2596;

ðogt, s. 84/2962. See bogt, brogt, nogt, pron., nogt, adv., ðhogt, vt-brogt.

-ogte

bi-sogte, pp.

brogt, pp. 15/520.

-ok

Iabok. See tok.

ok. See tok.

tok, pret.

Iabok, s. 111/3914;

nam, pret. 27/946;

ok, conj. 27/944. See for-soc.

-oke

roke, s.

smoke, s. 34/1164.

-oken

boken. See loken, inf.

broken, pp.

luken, pp. 11/362. See wroken.

loken, inf.

boken, s. 1/4;

token, pret. pl. 91/3194.

loken, pp. See troken.

spoken, pret. pl.

token, s. 83/2914.

to-broken. See luken.

token, s. See spoken.

token, pret. pl. See loken, inf.

troken, inf.

loken, pp. 4/106.

{254}wroken, pp. or pret. pl.

broken, pp. 91/3192.

-old

arche-wold. See hold (= old).

awold,

bold, a. 78/2728;

told, pp. 48/1672;

wold, pp. 16/526. See cold.

bi-told. See hold (= old), a.

bold, a.

o-wold, 10/324;

told, pp. 55/1918;

wold, s. 61/2122. See awold.

cold, a.

a-wold, 56/1944;

wold, s. 57/2000. See wold, pp.

gold, s.

hold, a. 77/2704, 93/3284. See hold, hold, a.

hold, (?)

gold, s. 112/3942.

hold, a.

gold, s. 23/794, 40/1390. See gold.

hold (= old), a.

arche-wold, s. 17/576;

bi-told, pret. 27/920;

manige-fold, a. 71/2502;

told, pp. 30/1028, 54/1894, 83/2912, 106/3736, 116/4088;

wold, s. 27/938;

wold, pp. 13/420.

manige-fold. See hold (= old).

old, a.

sold, pp. 55/1908;

told, pp. 35/1206, 39/1358, 42/1476. See told.

o-wold. See bold.

sold, pp.

wold, s. 56/1958. See old, told.

told, pp.

old, a. 19/658, 29/990, 37/1284, 118/4146;

sold, pp. 57/1994;

wold, s. 97/3412;

wold, s. 110/3892. See awold, bold, hold (= old), old.

wold, s. (= hill). See hold (= old), told.

wold, s. (= power, &c.). See bold, cold, sold, told,

wold, pp.

cold, a. 8/256. See awold, hold (= old).

-olde

arche-wolde. See olde.

golde, s.

wolde, pret. 103/3620.

olde, a.

arche-wolde, s. dat. 18/614.

wolde. See golde.

-olen

colen, s. pl.

ðolen, inf. 76/2654.

for-holen, pp.

stolen, pp. 51/1760, 66/2318, 67/2332. See stolen, ðolen, v. pl.

for-olen, pp.

stolen, pp. 50/1748.

stolen, pp.

for-holen, pp. 54/1870. See for-holen, for-olen.

ðolen, inf.

to-bolen, pp. 28/970. See colen.

ðolen, v. pl.

for-holen, pp. 98/3446.

to-bolen. See ðolen, inf.

-om

hom. See on-on.

-ome

come, s.

nome, s. 65/2268.

-omen

comen. See numen.

nomen, pp.

cumen, inf. 87/3040.

-on

Aaraon. See on, postp.

Aaron, s.

don, inf. 85/2980;

don, pp. 109/3842;

gon, inf. 108/3800, 116/4094;

on, postp. 85/2998;

ouer-gon, inf. 99/3490;

Pharaon, s. 85/2986, 87/3064;

ston, s. 96/3388;

ðor-on, adv. 109/3838. See a-non, on, postp., vt-gon, pp.

Abiron, s.

a-non, adv. 107/3758. See don, pp.

a-gon, pp. See a-gon, adv.

a-gon, adv.

a-gon, pp. 3/78;

{255}non, a. 64/2244;

ston, s. 32/1120.

See fon, gon, pp., on, a., ouer-gon, pp.

agon, postp.

ton, a. 29/1010.

See gon, pp.

Amon, s.

on (?), 33/1158.

a-non, adv.

Aaron, s. 102/3592, 110/3864 ;

gon, inf. 84/2932;

on, a. 100/3528;

ouer-gon, pp. 34/1186;

Pharaon, s. 84/2940. See Abiron, on, a.

Araon, s.

don, inf. 84/2934.

don, inf.

her-up-on, adv. 47/1628;

on, postp. 31/1076, 58/2032, 74/ 2598, 95/3358, 97/3410, 98/3452, 101/3570, 109/3826, 111/3926;

ðor-on, adv. 30/1042, 102/3606.

See Aaron, Araon, Ebron. on, postp., on-on, Pharaon, up-on.

don, v. pl.

on, postp. 64/2232.

don, pp.

Abiron, s. 107/3766;

Ebron, s. 69/2424;

her-on, adv. 102/3598;

on, postp. 11/346, 66/2316, 82/2888, 102/3584;

Pharaon, s. 75/2634;

quor-on, adv. 38/1310;

ðor-on, adv. 65/2262, 111/3906, 113/ 3970.

See Aaron, Ebron, here-on, on, postp., on, a., Pharaon, ðor-on, un-don, pp.

Ebron, s.

don, inf. 55/1932;

don, pp. 71/2488;

gon, pp. 54/1892 ;

on, postp. 24/812, 106/3716.

See don, pp., on, postp., on, a.

Edon, s.

on, postp. 54/1900.

Faraon, s.

ut-gon, inf. 80/2796.

fon, s. pl.

agon, adv. 13/438.

for-don, v. pl.

on, postp. 73/2550.

for-don, pp.

ðor-on, adv. 32/1116.

See on, postp.

forð-don, inf.

on, postp. 113/3994.

gon, inf.

manigon, a. 19/630;

non, pron. or a. 25/846, 73/2562, 89/3126, 101/3542;

on, postp. 19/644, 108/3794;

ouer-gon, inf. 86/3004;

Pharaon, s. 82/2862;

Symeon, s. 63/2196;

ston, s. 110/3866. See a-gen, adv., Aaron, a-non, on, postp., on, a., on-on, Pharaon, ston, ðor-on, up-on.

gon, v. pl. See on, a.

gon, pp.

a-gon, adv. 28/958, 64/2238;

a-gon, postp. 41/1438;

non, a. 71/2474, 94/3298;

on, (?) 19/640;

on, a. or pron. 24/836;

o-non, adv. 96/3380. See Ebron.

here-on, adv.

don, pp. 86/3012.

her-on. See don, pp.

her-up-on. See don, inf.

in-gon. See on-on.

manigon. See gon, inf.

misdon, pp.

ðer-on, adv. 101/3556;

ðor-on, adv. 97/3420. See on, postp., Pharaon, ðor-on, under-fon.

non, a.

Symeon, s. 64/2230. See a-gon, adv., gon, inf., gon, pp., on, a., ouer-gon, pp.

on. (?) See Amon, gon, pp.

on, postp.

Aaraon, s. 101/3540;

Aaron, s. 106/3750;

don, inf. 16/534, 31/1064, 38/1326, 38/1342;

don, pp. 29/1004, 35/1208, 91/3206, 114/4006;

Ebron, s. 57/1970;

for-don, pp. 108/3798;

gon, inf. 117/4114;

mis-don, pp. 117/4142;

Salamon, s. 37/1296;

slon, inf. 50/1752, 56/1938. See Aaron, don, inf., don, v. pl., don, pp., Ebron, Edon, for-don, v. pl., forð-don, gon, inf., on-on, Pharaon, promission.

{256}on, a. or pron. (= one).

a-gon, adv. 65/2260, 66/2326;

a-non, adv. 66/2324;

don, pp. 97/3398;

Ebron, s. 72/2520;

gon, inf. 18/610, 47/1640, 63/2184, 78/2752, 103/3608, 117/4128;

gon, v. pl. 31/1080;

non, a. 62/2174;

on, a. 107/3784;

Pharaon, s. 61/2126. See a-non, gon, pp., Symeon.

on-on, adv.

don, inf. 33/1146;

gon, inf. 85/3000;

hom, adv. 63/2200;

in-gon, pp. 31/1068;

on, postp. 34/1176;

ouer-gon, inf. 65/2286. See gon, pp., Pharaon.

ouer-gon, inf. See Aaron, gon, inf., on-on.

ouer-gon, pp.

a-gon, adv. 55/1904;

non, a. 86/3032. See a-non.

Pharaon, s.

don, inf. 59/2066;

don, pp. 59/2074;

gon, inf. 63/2188, 88/3078;

mis-don, pp. 87/3054;

on, postp. 69/2400, 89/3124;

on-on, adv. 83/2918;

ðer-on, adv. 93/3260;

ut-gon, inf. 84/2966;

vt-gon, inf. 87/3074. See Aaron, a-non, don, pp., gon, inf., on, a., vt-gon, inf.

promission, s.

on, postp. 117/4132.

quor-on. See don, pp.

Salamon. See on, postp.

Symeon, s.

on, a. 65/2266. See gon, inf., non.

slon. See on, postp.

son, s. pl.

up-on, postp. 79/2782.

ston, s.

a-gen, postp. 112/3960;

gon, inf. 47/1650, 110/3868, 110/3872;

ðer-on, adv. 51/1778;

ðor-on, adv. 95/3360, 100/3536. See Aaron, a-gon, adv., gon, inf., ðor-on.

ðer-on. See misdon, Pharaon, ston.

ðor-gon. See vnder-gon.

ðor-on, adv.

don, pp. 28/948, 109/3844;

gon, inf. 96/3364;

misdon, pp. 75/2642;

ston, s. 47/1636;

vn-don, pp. 111/3902;

up-gon, inf. 46/1608. See Aaron, don, inf., don, pp., for-don, pp., misdon, ston, undon, pp.

ton. See agon, postp.

under-don, inf.

up-on, postp. 115/4042.

under-fon, inf.

mis-don, pp. 48/1680.

under-gon, inf. See a-gen, adv.

vnder-gon, inf.

ðor-gon, adv. 33/1148.

un-don, a. See up-on.

un-don, pp.

don, pp. 12/386;

ðor-on, adv. 14/464.

vn-don. See ðor-on.

up-gon. See ðor-on.

up-on, postp.

don, inf. 82/2868;

gon, inf. 67/2340;

un-don, a. 76/2662. See son, under-don.

ut-gon. See Faraon, Pharaon.

vt-gon, inf.

Pharaon, s. 86/3022. See Pharaon.

vt-gon, pp.

Aaron, s. 88/3082.

-ond

atwond. See hond.

bond, s.

hond, s. 63/2198;

lond, s. 22/764. See lond, wond, s.

fond, s. See hond.

fond, pret.

lond, s. 87/3048;

wond, pret. 117/4136. See hond, lond, un-bond, wond, s.

hond, s.

atwond, pret. 87/3058;

fond, s. 10/336, 90/3150;

fond, pret. 80/2810;

lond, s. 25/844, 28/960, 37/1288, 61/2144, 72/2508, 81/2852, 85/2968, 88/3102;

sond, s. 92/3242;

{257}up-wond, pret. 88/3084;

wond, s. 83/2916;

wrong, pret. 59/2064. See bond, lond, sond (=sand), wond, s.

lond, s.

bond, s. 59/2076, 61/2114;

fond, pret. 37/1280, 77/2712, 110/ 3880;

hond, s. 4/104, 20/674, 22/756, 24/ 828, 45/1576, 62/2156, 80/2790, 115/4050, 117/4134;

up-wond, pret., 85/2988. See bond, fond, pret., hond, bonde.

sond, s. (=sand).

hond, s. 93/3274. See hond, strond.

sond, s. (=schond). See wond, s.

strond, s.

sond, s. 78/2718.

un-bond, pret.

fond, pret. 64/2224.

up-wond. See hond, lond.

wond, s.

bond, s. 77/2716;

fond, pret. 84/2944;

hond, s. 80/2804, 108/3822, 109/3828;

sond, s. 77/2714. See hond.

wond, pret. See fond, pret.

-onde

bonde, s.

lond, s. 77/2694.

-ong

among, postp.

stong, pret. 111/3896;

wrong, s. 23/786. See strong,

a-mong, adv. See song, strong, wrong, s.

bi-long, adv. See strong.

chirche-gong, s.

messe-song, s. 70/2466.

long, a.

strong, a. 17/564, 32/1100. See spro[n]g, stong, strong.

long, postp. See stron[g].

messe-song. See chirche-gong.

song, s.

a-mong, adv. 93/3286;

amonge, postp. 21/700;

strong, a. 8/244.

spro[n]g, pret.

long, a. 8/248.

stong, pret.

long, a. 116/4084. See among, postp.

stron[g], a.

long, postp. 73/2560.

strong, a. (or adv.)

among, postp. 46/1592;

a-mong, adv. 110/3876;

bi-long, adv. 59/2068;

long, a. 99/3496;

ut-gong, s. 80/2800;

water-gong, s. 19/662;

wrong, s. 78/2724. See long, a. song, ðor-mong, wrong, s.

ðor-mong, adv.

strong, a. 93/3266.

ut-gong. See strong.

water-gong. See strong.

wrong, s.

a-mong, adv. 77/2684;

strong, a. 106/3728. See among, postp., strong.

wrong, pret. See hond.

-onge

a-monge. See song.

-oo (= ō)

moo. See ðo, adv.

oo, adv.

ðor-fro, adv. 4/112.

-ooc

booc. See tooc.

ooc, s.

wooc, a. 54/1874.

tooc, pret.

booc, s. 117/4124.

wooc. See ooc.

-ood

flood. See good, a.

good, s. See mood.

good, a.

flood, s. 15/492, 17/562;

mood, s. 4/128;

stod, pret. 6/186. See blod, mod, vnder-stod.

mood, s.

good, s. 10/328. See god, a., good, a.

-open

dropen. See lopen.

lopen, pp.

dropen, pp. 76/2648.

{258}

-or

Bala-segor, s.

ðor, adv. 32/1106.

Belphegor. See sor, s.

Cadalamor, s.

stor, a. 25/842.

Emor, s.

ðor, adv. 53/1844.

Fegor, s.

mor, a. 114/4032.

for, pret.

swor, pret. 38/1338.

gomor, s.

nunmor, adv. 95/3334;

ðor, adv. 95/3344.

Hor, s.

ðor, adv. 110/3884.

mor, a. or adv.

or, adv. 28/962, 29/994, 114/4034;

sor, s. 15/512;

ðor, adv. 95/3342. See Fegor, or, sor, a., ðor.

Nachor. See sor, s. ðor.

neuere mor. See sor, s. ðor.

nummor, adv.

or, adv. 52/1814.

nunmor, adv.

sor, s. 30/1048. See gomor, ðor.

or, adv.

mor, adv. 63/2206. See Eliazar, mor, nummor.

Segor, s.

ðor, adv. 33/1134.

sor, s.

Belphegor, s. 115/4070;

Nachor, s. 21/734;

neuere mor, adv. 36/1240;

ðor, adv. 86/3008. See mor, nunmor, ðor.

sor, a.

mor, a. 50/1734;

mor, adv. 73/2566;

ðor, adv. 30/1040, 51/1766, 56/1946. See ðor.

stor. See Cadalamor.

swor. See for.

ðor, adv.

ger, s. pl. 69/2418;

mor, a. 109/3846, 116/4090;

Nachor, s. 39/1348, 40/1384;

neuere mor, adv. 31/1082;

nunmor, adv. 32/1118, 41/1420;

sor, s. 104/3650;

sor, a. 73/2568, 115/4044. See Bala-*

*segor, Emor, gomor, Hor, mor, Segor, sor, s., sor, a.

-ore

more, adv.

ðore, adv. 65/2270.

-oren

bi-foren, adv. or postp.

boren, s. pl. 52/1798;

boren, pp. 2/48, 42/1472, 52/1826, 58/2006, 65/2284, 66/2292, 69/2430, 71/2504, 72/2518, 73/2572, 83/2930, 92/3252;

coren, s. 60/2104, 61/2134;

sworen, pp. 71/2476, 72/2506, 101/3564;

woren, pret. pl. 68/2380. See boren, pp., coren, forloren, pp., soren, sworen.

boren, s. pl. See bi-foren.

boren, pp.

bi-foren, adv. or postp. 40/1378, 45/1556, 49/1708, 74/2580, 74/2588, 79/2762, 92/3250;

for-loren, pp. 16/546, 20/696, 54/1886;

schoren, pp. 35/1200;

sworen, pp. 24/824. See bi-foren, coren, forloren, pret. pl., forloren, pp., sworen, ðor bi-foren, biforn.

coren, s.

bi-foren, adv. 63/2216, 66/2308;

boren, pp. 62/2160. See bi-foren.

for-loren, pret. pl.

boren, pp. 8/242.

for-loren, pp.

bi-foren, postp. 112/3954;

boren, pp. 33/1144, 72/2512. See boren, pp.

schoren. See boren, pp.

soren, pp.

bi-foren, postp. 55/1920.

sworen, pp.

bi-foren, postp. 44/1526;

boren, pp. 76/2678, 90/3182. See bi-foren, boren, pp.

ðor bi-foren.

boren, pp. 20/666, 26/908;

coren, s. 64/2246. See corn.

woren. See bi-foren.

-orn

biforn, adv. (or postp.)

{259}boren, pp. 3/84, 7/220, 8/254, 14/452;

born, pp. 26/906.

born. See biforn.

corn, s.

ðor bi-foren, adv. 87/3050.

-orð

forð. See norð.

norð, s.

forð, adv. 24/830.

-os

Eliopoleos, s. gen. sg.

ros, pret. 75/2644.

-ost

cost, s.

frost, s. 95/3328.

-ot

bot, s.

mot, v. 84/2958.

bot, pret. See smot.

fot, s.

mot, v. 37/1304, 99/3488;

oc, conj. 71/2498;

spot, s. 93/3280. See mod, wot, v. 1 sg., wot, v. 3 sg.

grot, s.

hot, a. 72/2530.

mot. See bot, fot, wrot.

smot, pret.

bot, pret. 83/2926.

Sochot. See wot, v. 1 sg.

spot. See fot.

wot, v. 1 sg.

fot, s. 42/1474;

Sochot, s. 53/1840.

wot, v. 3 sg.

fot, s. 89/3114.

wrot, pret.

mot, v. 3 sg. 72/2528.

-oten

bi-hoten. See loten.

loten, inf.

bi-hoten, pp. 89/3132.

-oth

Assaroth, s.

soth, a. 105/3688.

Cabroth. See soth.

Pharaoth. See Sokoth.

Sokoth, s.

Pharaoth, s. 91/3210.

soth, a.

Cabroth, s. 105/3686. See Assaroth.

-oð

loð, a.

loð, a. 113/3982. See scroð, wroð.

scroð, pret.

loð, a. 58/2024, 77/2696.

sloð. See wroð.

wroð, a.

loð, a. 35/1216, 50/1736, 94/3318;

sloð, v. 3 sg. 112/3964.

-oðt (= oð).

loðt. See scroðt.

scroðt, pret.

loðt, a. 10/340.

-oun

circumcicioun. See run.

-out

out. See Teremuth.

-own

town, s.

dun, adv. 78/2740.

-owt

sowt. See nogt, adv.

-u

Esau, s.

nu, adv. 43/1492, 45/1562, 46/1584;

ru, a. 44/1544. See ru.

gu, pron.

nu, adv. 72/2510. See nu.

man hu.

nu, adv. 95/3330.

nu, adv.

gu, pron. 89/3120. See Esau, gu, man hu.

ru, a.

Esau, s. 44/1540. See Esau.

-ud

prud, a. See srud.

prud, s. See srud.

srud, s.

prud, s. 56/1966;

prud, a. 8/272, 25/858, 41/1414, 68/2368, 80/2802.

{260}

-uge

nuge. See ut-drog.

-uken

luken, pp.

to-broken, pp. 107/3780. See broken.

-um

Belum, s.

sum, a. 20/686.

Ihesum, s.

sum, a. 96/3376.

on-rum, adv.

dun, adv. 114/4022.

sum. See Belum, Ihesum.

-ume

trume, s.

welcume, a. 53/1830.

-umen

bi-cumen, inf.

binumen (= ben numen), 45/1578.

bi-cumen, pp.

for-numen, pp. 64/2228;

numen, pp. 109/3840.

binumen (= ben numen). See bi-cumen, inf.

binumen, pp. See cumen, pp., ouercumen, inf., munen, inf.

cumen, inf.

munen, inf. 47/1622;

numen, pp. 19/634, 69/2070, 61/2128, 81/2826, 87/3066, 107/3768, 118/4160;

wunen, inf. 9/306. See nomen, numen, under-numen, sunen, s. pl., wunen, pp.

cumen, pres. pl.

numen, pp. 50/1722.

cumen, pret. pl.

numen, pp. 40/1382.

cumen, pp.

binumen, 23/772, 82/2876;

numen, pp. 11/366, 18/594, 18/620, 32/1112, 33/1142, 38/1316, 67/2346, 93/3270, 98/3438, 103/3640, 105/3680. See mis-numen, numen, wunen, s. pl., wunen, v. pl.

for-numen. See bi-cumen, pp.

forð-cumen. See vnder-numen.

kumen, inf.

numen, pp. 12/400.

kumen, pp.

numen, pp. 56/1936.

mis-numen, pp.

cumen, pp. 88/3092.

numen, pp.

comen, pp. 10/344;

cumen, inf. 116/4104;

cumen, pp. 12/410, 17/580, 30/1052, 49/1688, 71/2486, 79/2754, 81/2858;

ouer-cumen, pp. 60/2108. See bi-cumen, pp., cumen, inf., cumen, pres. pl., cumen, pret. pl., cumen, pp., kumen, inf., kumen, pp., wunen, inf., wunen, v. pl.

ouercumen, inf.

bi-numen, pp. 11/376.

ouer-cumen, pp. See numen.

under-numen, pp.

cumen, inf. 92/3222.

vnder-numen, pp.

forð-cumen, pp. 61/2136.

-un

dragun. See dun, adv.

dun, s.

tun, s. 32/1102.

dun, adv.

dragun, s. 83/2924;

prisun, s. 58/2040, 63/2194. See town, on-rum, Pharaun, tun.

Pharaun, s.

dun, adv. 78/2734;

tun, s. 73/2570. See prisun.

prisun, s.

Pharaun, s. 61/2118. See dun, adv.

run, s.

circumcicioun, s. 29/992.

tun, s.

dun, adv. 21/714, 39/1368. See dun, s., Pharaun.

-und

grund. See stund.

stund, s.

grund, s. 60/2110, 75/2640;

grund, s. [MS. grunð] 93/3278.

-une

mune, inf. See sune, wune, s.

mune, sbj. or imp.

sune, s. 2/46, 99/3472. See sune.

sune, s.

mune, sbj. or imp. 36/1260;

{261}mune, inf. 69/2422;

wune, s. 15/494, 20/676, 47/1652, 55/1910, 96/3370;

wune, v. 33/1156, 36/1254;

wune, a. 44/1530;

wunen, inf. 12/404, 27/932. See mune, sbj. or imp., wune, s.

wune, s.

mune, inf. 28/972;

sune, s. 15/514, 39/1346, 40/1406, 43/1502, 75/2626;

sunen, s. ?pl. 48/1656. See sune.

wune, v. See sune.

wune, a. See sune.

-unen

munen, inf.

binumen, pp. 6/198;

wunen, s. pl. 20/688. See cumen, inf., wunen, s. pl.

munen, v. pl. See sunen, s. pl.

sunen, s. pl.

cumen, inf. 62/2176;

munen, v. pl. 16/558, 39/1350;

wunen, s. pl. 99/3482;

wunen, inf. 42/1448, 54/1898;

wunen, v. pl. 19/648;

wunen, pp. 83/2900. See wune, s.

sunen, inf. See wunen, inf.

wunen, s. pl.

cumen, pp. 23/802;

munen, inf. 89/3138. See munen, inf., sunen, s. pl.

wunen, inf.

numen, pp. 11/368;

sunen, inf. 53/1864. See cumen, inf., sune, sunen, s. pl.

wunen, v. pl.

cumen, pp. 17/570;

numen, pp. 97/3416. See sunen, s. pl.

wunen, pp.

cumen, inf. 94/3290. See sunen, s. pl.

-unes

sunes, s. gen. sg. See wunes.

sunes, s. pl.

wunes, s. pl. 43/1480. See wunes.

wunes, s. pl.

sunes, s. gen. sg. 43/1496;

sunes, s. pl. 16/540, 66/2294. See sunes, s. pl.

-uneð

muneð, v. 3 sg.

wuneð, v. 3 sg. 69/2410.

-urg

burg, s.

ðurg, postp. 110/3882;

ut-ðhurg, adv. 77/2688.

-urn

suriurn. See turn.

turn, s.

suriurn, s. 3/64.

-us

Exodus. See vs.

hus, s.

us, pron. 47/1620.

vs, pron.

Exodus, s. 73/2538.

-uth (= ut)

Teremuth, s.

out, adv. 75/2616.

-uð

guð, s.

kuð, pp. 76/2666.

muð, s.

selcuð, a. 113/3972.

-uue

xi^e. (= endluue), a.

luue, s. 55/1922.

-uuen

a-buuen, adv.

luue[n], s. 57/2002;

ut-suuen, pp. 46/1610. See luue[n], luuen, s., luuen, inf., luuen, v. pl., suuen.

luue[n], s.

a-buuen, adv. 44/1518. See a-buuen.

luuen, s.

a-buuen, adv. 19/636, 116/4082.

luuen, inf.

abuuen, adv. 1/10.

luuen, v. pl.

abuuen, adv. 2/50.

suuen, pp.

a-buuen, adv. 4/108.

ut-suuen. See a-buuen.

Lamech is at ðe sexte kne,	Lamech is at the sixth degree,
ðe ſeuende man after adam,	The seventh man after Adam,
ðat of caymes kinde cam.	That of Cain's kin came.
ðiſ lamech waſ ðe firme man,	This Lamech was the first man
ðe bigamie firſt bi-gan.	Who bigamy first began.
Bigamie is unkinde ðing,	Bigamy is unnatural thing,
On engleis tale, twie-wifing;	In English speech, twi-wiving;
for ai was rigt and kire bi-forn,	For aye was right and purity before,
On man, on wif, til he was boren.	One man, one wife, till he was born.
Lamech him two wifes nam,	Lamech to him two wives took,
On adda, an noðer wif ſellam.	One Adah, another wife Zillah.
Adda bar him ſune Iobal,	Adah bare him a son Jubal,
He was hirde wittere and wal;	He was a [shep-]herd wise and able;
Of merke, and kinde, and helde, & ble,	Of mark,^[7] breed, age, and colour,
ſundring and ſameni[n]g tagte he;	Separating and assembling taught he;
Iobal iſ broðer ſong and glew,	Jubal his brother poetry and music,
Wit of muſike, wel he knew;	Craft of music, well he knew;
On two tableſ of tigel and braſ	On two tables of tile and brass,
wrot he ðat wiſtom, wiſ he was,	Wrote he that wisdom, wise he was,
ðat it ne ſulde ben undon	That it should not be effaced
{ix} If fier or water come ðor-on.	If fire or water came thereon.
Sella wuneð oc lamech wið,	Zillah dwelleth also Lamech with,
ghe bar tubal, a ſellic ſmið;	She bare Tubal, a wonderful smith;
Of irin, of golde, ſiluer, and bras	Of iron, of gold, silver and brass
To ſundren and mengen wiſ he was;	To separate and mix, wise he was;
Wopen of wigte and tol of grið,	Weapon of war and tool of peace,
Wel cuðe egte and ſafgte wið.	Well could he hurt and heal with.
	—(ll. 444-470.)

Lamech ledde long lif til ðan	Lamech led long life till then
ðat he wurð biſne, and haued a man	That he became blind and had a man
ðat ledde him ofte wudeſ ner,	That led him oft to woods near,
To scheten after ðe wilde der;	To shoot after the wild deer (animals);
Al-so he miſtagte, alſo he ſchet,	As he mistaught, so he shot,
And caim in ðe wude iſ let;	And Cain in the wood is let;
His knape wende it were a der,	His knave (servant) weened it were a deer,
An lamech droge iſ arwe ner,	And Lamech drew his arrow near
And letet flegen of ðe ſtreng,	And let it fly off the string,
Caim unwar[n]de it under-feng,	Cain unwarned it received,
Gruſnede, and ſtrekede, and ſtarf wið-ðan.	Groaned, fell prostrate (stretched) and died with-that.
Lamech wið wreðe iſ knape nam,	Lamech with wrath his knave seized,
Vn-bente iſ boge, and bet, and slog,	Unbent his bow, and beat and slew,
Til he fel dun on dedeſ ſwog.	Till he fell down in death's swoon.
Twin-wifing and twin-manſlagt,	Twi-wiving (bigamy) and twi-slaughter (double homicide)
Of his ſoule beð mikel hagt.	On his soul is great trouble (anxiety).
	—(ll. 471-486.)

Ghe brogte him bi-foren pharaon,	She (Thermutis) brought him (Moses) before Pharaoh,
And ðiſ king wurð him in herte mild,	And this king became to him in heart mild,
So ſwide faiger was ðiſ child;	So very fair was this child;
And he toc him on ſunes ſtede,	And he took him on son's stead (instead of a son),
{x} And hiſ corune on his heued he dede,	And his crown on his head he did (placed),
And let it ſtonden ayne ſtund;	And let it stand a stound (while);
ðe child it warp dun to ðe grund.	The child threw it down to the ground.
Hamoneſ likeneſ was ðor-on;	Hamon's likeness was thereon;
ðiſ crune is broken, ðiſ iſ miſdon.	This crown is broken, this is misdone.
Biſſop Eliopoleos	The Bishop of Heliopolis
ſag ðiſ timing, & up he roſ;	Saw this circumstance, and up he rose;
"If ðiſ child," quad he, "mote ðen,	If this child, quoth he, might thrive (grow up),
He ſal egyptes bale ben."	He shall Egypt's bale be.
If ðor ne wore helpe twen lopen,	If there had not helpers 'tween leapt,
ðiſ childe adde ðan ſone be dropen;	This child had then soon been killed;
ðe king wið-ſtod & an wiſ man,	The king with-stood and a wise man,
He ſeide, "ðe child doð alſ he can;	He said, The child doth as he can (knows);
We ſulen nu witen for it dede	We should now learn whether it did
ðiſ witterlike, or in child-hede;"	This wittingly, or in childishness;
He bad ðis child brennen to colen	He offered this child two burning coals
And he toc is (hu migt he it ðolen),	And he took them (how might he bear them?)
And in hiſe muth ſo depe he iſ dede	And in his mouth so deep (far) he them did (placed)
Hiſe tunges ende iſ brent ðor-mide;	His tongue's end is burnt therewith;
ðor-fore ſeide ðe ebru witterlike,	Therefore said the Hebrew truly,
ðat he ſpac ſiðen miſerlike.	That he spake afterwards indistinctly.
	—(ll. 2634-2658.)

Bi ðat time ðat he was guð,	By that time that he was a youth (young man),
Wið faigered and ſtrengthe kuð,	For beauty and strength renowned,
folc ethiopienes on egipte cam,	Ethiopian folk on Egypt came,
And brende, & ſlug, & wreche nam,	And burnt, and slew, and vengeance took,
{xi} Al to memphin ðat riche cite,	All to Memphis that rich city,
And a-non to ðe reade ſe;	And anon to the Red Sea;
ðo was egipte folc in dred,	Then was Egypt's folk in dread,
And aſkeden here godes red;	And asked their gods' advice;
And hem ſeiden wið anſweren,	And they said to them in answer,
ðat on ebru cude hem wel weren.	That one Hebrew could them well defend.

Moyſes was louered of ðat here,	Moses became leader of that (Egyptian) army,
ðor he wurð ðane egyptes were;	There he became then Egypt's protector;
Bi a lond weige he wente rigt,	By a land-way he went right,
And brogte vn-warnede on hem figt;	And brought unwarned on them fight;
He hadden don egipte wrong,	They had done Egypt wrong,
He bi-loc hem & ſmette a-mong,	He compassed them and smote among,
And ſlug ðor manige; oc ſumme flen,	And slew there many; but some fled
Into ſaba to borgen ben.	Into Sheba to be saved.
Moyſes bi-ſette al ðat burg,	Moses beset all that borough (city),
Oc it was riche & ſtrong ut-ðhurg;	But it was rich and strong out-thorough (throughout);
Ethiopienes kinges dowter tarbis,	Tarbis, the Ethiopian king's daughter,
Riche maiden of michel priſ,	Rich maiden of great renown,
Gaf ðiſ riche burg moyſi;	Gave this rich city to Moses;
Luue-bonde hire ghe it dede for-ði.	As love-bond's hire she did it, therefore.
ðor iſe fon he leide in bonde,	There his foes he laid in bond,
And he wurð al-migt-ful in ðat lond;	And he became all-powerful in that land;
He bi-lef ðor(.) tarbis him ſcroð,	He remained there, Tarbis him urged,
ðog was him ðat ſurgerun ful loð;	Yet was to him that sojourn full loath;
Mai he no leue at hire taken	May he no leave of her take
but-if he it mai wið crafte maken:	Unless he it may with craft make:
{xii} He waſ of an ſtrong migt [&] wiſ,	He was of a strong might and wise,
He carf in two gummes of priſ	He carved in two gems (stones) precious,
Two likeneſſes, ſo grauen & meten,	Two likenesses alike carved and depicted,
ðis doð ðenken, & ðoðer forgeten;	This one causes to remember, and the other to forget;
He feſt is in two ringes of gold,	He fastened them in two rings of gold,
Gaf hire ðe ton, he was hire hold;	Gave her the one, he was dear to her;
[And quan awei nimen he wolde	[And when depart he would
Gaf hire ðe toðer, he was hire colde]	Gave her the other, and was distasteful to her]
Ghe it bered and ðiſ luue iſ for-geten,	She it beareth and this love is forgotten,
Moyſes ðus haued him leue bi-geten;	Moses thus hath for himself leave begotten;
Sone it migte wið leue ben,	Soon it might with leave be,
Into egypte e wente a-gen.	Into Egypt he went again.
	—(ll. 2665-2708.)

And aaron held up his hond	And Aaron held up his hand
to ðe water and ðe more lond;	To the water and the greater land;
ðo cam ðor up ſwilc froſkes here	Then came there up such host of frogs
ðe dede al folc egipte dere;	That did all Egypt's folk harm;
Summe woren wilde, and ſumme tame,	Some were wild, and some tame,
And ðo hem deden ðe moſte ſame;	And those caused them the most (greatest) shame;
In huſe, in drinc, in metes, in bed,	In house, in drink, in meats, in bed,
It cropen and maden hem for-dred;	They crept and made them in great dread;
Summe ſtoruen and gouen ſtinc,	Some died and gave (out) stink,
And vn-hileden mete and drinc;	And (others) uncovered meat and drink;
Polheuedes, and froſkes, & podes ſpile	Tadpoles and frogs, and toad's venom
Bond harde egipte folc un-ſile.^[8]	Bound hard Egypt's sorrowful folk.
	—(ll. 2967-2978.)

"Alle hise fet steppes	ðer he steppeð,
After him he filleð,	Oðer dust oðer deu,
Drageð dust wið his stert	ðat he ne cunne is finden."^[27]
(O.E. Miscell., p. 1.)

SINGULAR.	PLURAL.
fet (fat),	fette.
gret (great),	grete.
other,	othere.
tother,	tothere.


	DUAL.	PLURAL.	DUAL.	PLURAL.
Nom.	wit	we	——	ge
Gen.	——	ure	gunker	gure
Dat.	——	us	——	gu
Acc.	unc	us	gunc	gu

PRESENT.
Singular.	Plural.
1. love,	1. loven,
2. lovest,	2. loven,
3. loveð.	3. loven.
PAST TENSE.
Singular.	Plural.
1. lovede,	1. loveden,
2. lovedest,	2. loveden,
3. lovede.	3. loveden.

PRESENT.		PAST.
Singular.	Plural.	Singular.	Plural.
love,	loven.	lovede,	loveden.

PRESENT TENSE.
Singular.		Plural.
1. helpe,	singe,	helpen,	singen.
2. helpest,	singest,
3. helpeð.	singeð.

Singular.		Plural.
		1st form.		2nd form.
2. help,	sing.	helpeð,	singeð.	helpe,	singe.

PRESENT.		PAST.
helpande,	singande,	holpen,	sungen.
helpende,	singende,

		Present.	Preterite.	Passive Participle.
Class I.		Loven (to love),	lovede,	loved.
		etc.	etc.	etc.

Class II.	(a)	Callen (call),	calde,	cald.
		Feden (feed),	fedde,	fed.
		Greden (cry),	gredde,	gred.
		Heren (hear),	herde,	herd.
		Leden (lead),	ledde,	led.
		Sriden (clothe),	sridde,	srid.
		Wenen (think),	wende,	wend.
		etc.	etc.	etc.

	(b)	Bimenen (lament),	bimente,	biment.
		Bitiden (betide),	bitidde,	bitid.
		Delen (divide),	delte,	delt.
		Demen (judge),	dempte,	dempt.
		Kepen (keep),	kepte,	kept.
		Wenden (go),	wente,	went.

Class III.		Bigen (buy),	bogte,	bogt.
		Biseken (beseech),	bisogte,	bisogt.
		Biteche (assign),	bitagte,	bitagt.
{xxxiv}		Cachen (drive),	kagte,	kagt.
		Lachen (seize),	lagte,	lagt.
		Sellen (sell),	solde,	sold.
		Tellen (tell),	tolde,	told.
		Worchen (work),	wrogte,	wrogt.

MAn og to luuen ðat rimes ren, ðe Wiſſeð wel ðe logede men, hu man may him wel loken	Man ought to love those who instruct the lewd,
4 ðog he ne be lered on no boken, Luuen god and ſeruen him ay, For he it hem wel gelden may, And to alle criſtenei men	so that he who is not book-learned may love and serve God.
8 beren paiſ and luue bi-twen; ðan ſal him almightin luuen, Her bi-neðen and ðund^[71] abuuen, And giuen him bliſſe and ſoules reſte[n]	God shall love all Christian men, and give them soul-rest
12 ðat him ſal earuermor^[72] leſten.	that shall last evermore.
Ut of latin ðis ſong is dragen on engleis ſpeche, on ſoðe ſagen;	Out of Latin is this song turned into English speech.
Cristene men ogen ben ſo fagen 16 ſo fueles arn quan he it ſen dagen, ðan man hem telled soðe tale Wid^[73] londes ſpeche and wordes ſmale,	Christian men ought to be as glad as birds are of dawn to hear the story
Of bliſſes dune, of ſorwes dale; 20 Quhu lucifer, ðat deuel dwale, [Brogte mankinde in sinne and bale]	of man's bliss and sorrow,
And held hem ſperd in helles male til god ſrid him in manliched, 24 dede mankinde bote and red,	and how salvation came through Christ,
And unſpered al ðe fendes ſped, And halp ðor he ſag mikel ned.	and destroyed the power of Satan.

Indef.	wis (wise),	god (good).
Def.	wise,	gode.

PRESENT.		PAST.
Singular.	Plural.	Singular.	Plural.
1. here,	heren,	1. herde,	herden,
2. herest,	heren,	2. herdest,	herden,
3. hereð.	heren.	3. herde.	herden.

PRESENT.		PAST.
Singular.	Plural.	Singular.	Plural.
1. seke,	seken,	1. sogte,	sogten,
2. sekest,	seken,	2. sogtest,	sogten,
3. sekeð.	seken.	3. sogte.	sogten.

PRESENT.		PAST.
Singular.	Plural.	Singular.	Plural.
1. holde,	holden,	1. held,	helden,
2. holdest,	holden,	2. helde,^[68]	helden,
3. holdeð.	holden.	3. held,	helden.

Biddi^[74] hic ſingen non oðer led, 28 ðog^[75] hic folgen idel-hed.
FAder god of alle ðhinge, Almigtin louerd, hegeſt kinge,	[Fol. 1b.] Father, God of all things,
ðu giue me ſeli timinge 32 To thaunen ðis werdes biginninge, ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge, Queðer ſo hic rede or ſinge!	enable thou me to sing this world's creation,
Wit, and wisdam, and luue godd, 36 And fer ear biðohte al in his modd,	wrought with wit, wisdom, and good love.
In his wiſdom was al biðogt Ear ðanne it was on werlde brogt. In firme bigini[n]g, of nogt	In the Creator's wisdom was all devised ere it came into being.
40 Was heuene and erðe ſamen wrogt; ðo bad god wurðen ſtund and ſtede, ðis middes werld ðor-inne^[76] he dede,	Heaven and earth were wrought when God bad exist time and place.
Al was ðat firme ðroſing in nigt, 44 Til he wit hiſe word made ligt;	First all was night.
Of hiſe word, ðu wiſſike mune, Hiſe word, ðat is, hiſe wiſe ſune, ðe was of hin fer ear bi-foren	Light came by God's word, that is, His Son.
48 Or ani werldes time boren; And of hem two ðat leue luuen,	He existed long before time.
ðe welden al her and abuuen, ðat heli luue, ða[t] wiſe wil, 52 ðat weldet alle ðinge wit rigt and [ſ]kil;	These two rule all things with wisdom.
Migt bat wit word wurðen ligt, (Hali froure welt oc ðat migt;	In the Godhead there are three persons of one counsel and might.
for ðhre perſones and on reed, 56 On migt and on godfulhed.)	[Fol. 2.]
ðo ſo wurð ligt ſo god it bad, fro ðiſterneſſe o ſunde[r] ſad;	Light came at the divine command.
ðat waſ ðe firme morgen tid, 60 ðat euere ſprong in werld[e] wid.	Then was the first morning time that ever sprang in the world.

wid ðat ligt worn angles wrogt, And in-to newe heuene brogt,	With that light were angels made,
ðat iſ ouer dis^[77] walkenes turn, 64 God hem quuad ðor ſeli ſuriurn;	and brought into a new heaven.
Summe for pride fellen ðeðen, In-to ðis ðhiſterneſſe her bi-neðen;	Some for pride fell thence into nether darkness.
Pride made angel deuel dwale, 68 ðat made ilc ſorge, and euerilc bale, And euerilc wunder, and euerilc wo, ðat iſ, or ſal ben euere mo.	Pride turned angels into devils, who became the source of every sorrow, bale, and woe.
He was mad on ðe ſunedai, 72 He fel out on ðe munendai; (ðis ik wort in ebriſſe wen, He witen ðe ſoðe ðat iſ ſen.)	The devil was made on the Sunday and fell out on the Monday.
forð glod ðat firme [dais] ligt, 76 And after glod ðat firme nigt;	Forth glided the first light, and afterwards the first night.
ðe daigening cam eſt^[78] a-gon,	The dawning came again.
His firme kinde dei was a-gon, On walkenes turn wid dai and nigt 80 Of foure and twenti time rigt;	Thus in the welkin's course comes day and night "of twenty-four hours right."
ðes frenkis men o france moal, it nemnen "un iur natural;"	[Fol. 2b.]
And euere gede ðe dai biforn, 84 ſiðen ðat newe werld was boren,	So ever came the day first,
Til ihesus criſt fro helle nam, Hiſ quemed wid^[79] eue and adam;	till Christ brought his saints from hell.
fro ðat time we tellen ay, 88 Or ðe nigt and after ðe day,	From that time we ever reckon first the night and then the day.
for god ledde hem fro helle nigt to paradises leue ligt; ðo gan hem dagen wel iwiſſe, 92 Quan god hem ledde in-to bliſſe.	For God led them from Hell's might into Paradise's bright light.
On an oðer dai ðiſ middel-erd, waſ al luken and a-buten ſperd; ðo god bad ben ðe firmament, 96 Al abuten ðis walkne ſent,	On the second day the earth was enclosed by the firmament,

Of watres froren, of yſeſ wal, ðis middel werld it luket al;—	by frozen waters and wall of ice.
May no fir get melten ðat yſ; 100 He ðe it made iſ migtful and wis,—	No fire has ever yet melted this ice.
It mai ben hoten heuene-Rof; It hiled^[80] al ðis werldes drof, And fier, and walkne, and water, and lond, 104 Al iſ bi-luken in godes hond,	This enclosure may be called Heaven-roof.
Til domeſ-dai ne ſal it troken. Al middel-erd ðer-inne is loken,	It shall last until Doomsday.
watres ben her ðer-under ſuuen, 108 And watres ðor a-buuen;	[Fol. 3.]
And ouer ðat ſo ful i-wis, An oðer heuene ful o blis, And ful o lif ðe leſted oo, 112 wo may him ben ðe fel ðor-fro.	Above this is another heaven full of bliss and life.
Forð glod ðis oðer daiſ nigt, ðo cam ðe ðridde dais ligt:	Thus passed this second day's night.
ðe ðridde dai, ſo god it bad,	Then came the third day's light.
116 was water and erðe o ſunder ſad; God bi-quuad watres here ſtede,	Water and earth became separated.
And erðe brimen and beren dede; Ilk gres, ilc wurt, ilc birðheltre, 120 Hiſ owen ſed beren bad he;	The earth did bring forth grass, herb, and fruit tree.
Of euerilc ougt, of euerilc ſed, Waſ erðe mad moder of ſped. ðe ðridde dai was al ðis wrogt, 124 And erðes fodme on werldes brogt; An euerilc fodme his kinde quuemeðen.	Thus was earth made mother of wealth.
ðo was it her fair bi-neðen,	Then was all fair here below.
God ſag his ſafte fair and good, 128 And bliſcede it wid^[81] milde mood.	God saw that it was so, and blessed it.
Forð glod ðis ðridde daiſ nigt, ðo cam ðe ferðe daiſ ligt. ðe ferðe dai made migt 132 Sunne, and mone, and ilc ſterre brigt,	Then came the fourth day's light, and Might made the sun and moon and each bright star.

walknes wurðinge, and erdes frame, He knowned^[82] one ilc ſterre name,	[Fol. 3b.]
He ſettes in ðe firmament,	God set them in the firmament.
136 Al abuten ðis walkne went; ðe ſeuene he bad on fligte faren,	He let them be
And toknes ben, and times garen.	for signs and for seasons.
Sunne and mone ðe moſte ben 140 Of alle ðe toknes ðat men her ſen;	Sun and moon are the greatest of all these tokens.
ðe mone iſ more bi mannes tale, ðan al ðis erðe in werldes dale;	The moon is greater than the earth.
And egeſt ſwilc ðe ſunnes brigt, 144 Iſ more ðanne ðe mones ligt.	The sun's brightness is greater than the moon's light.
ðe mones ligt is moneð met, ðor-after iſ ðe ſunne ſet;	The moon's light is the measure of a month.
In geuelengðhe worn it mad, 148 In Reke-fille, on ſunder ſhad;	In the equinox was it made.
Two geuelengðhes timen her, And two ſolſtices in ðe ger.	Two equinoxes and two solstices are in the year.
On four doles delen he 152 ðe ger, ilc dole of moneð ðhre; Euere ſchinen ðo toknes brigt, And often giuen iſ on erðe ligt; wel wurðe his migt lefful ay, 156 ðe wroutis on ðe ferðe day! Forð glod ðis ferðe daiſ nigt, ðo cam ðe fifte dais ligt;	In four parts the year is divided, each part being of three months.
ðe fifte day god made ywis 160 of water, ilc fuel and eruerilc^[83] fiſ, And tagte fuel on walkene his fligt, Ilc fiſ on water his flotes migt,	On the fifth day, God made of water each fowl and fish, [Fol. 4.]
And bliſced hem, and bad hem ðen 164 And tuderande on werld[e] ben.	and bad them multiply.
Ðiſ fifte dai held forð his fligt, And forð endede ðat fifte nigt;	This fifth day took its flight,
And [cam] ðe ſexte dais ligt, 168 So made god wid^[84] witter migt,	and on the sixth day God made all cattle, reptiles, and wild deer (beasts).

Al erue, and wrim, and wilde der, Qwel^[85] man mai ſen on werlde her.
God ſag bi-fore quat after cam, 172 ðat ſingen ſulde firme adam, And him to fremen and do^[86] frame,	God knew that Adam would sin,
He made on werlde al erue tame, ðe ſulde him her, in ſwinkes ſtrif, 176 to fode, and ſrud, to helpen ðe lif; And him to pine, and loar her,	so He made tame cattle to help him in his labour and to give him food and clothing.
God made wirme and wilde der. He pine man wid^[87] ſorwe and dred, 180 And don hem^[88] monen hiſ ſinfulhed, ðat iſ him loar quan he ſeð, ðan he for ſinne in ſorwe beð.	God made the wild deer to trouble man with sorrow and dread and cause him to moan his sinfulness.
Ilk kinnes erf, and wrim, and der 184 Was mad of erðe on werlde her,	Each kind of cattle, reptile, and beast was made of earth.
And euerilc on in kinde good, ðor quiles adam fro ſinne ſtod;	[Fol. 4b.] All were good while Adam was pure.
Oc der and wrim it deren man 188 fro ðan ðat he ſingen bi-gan; In ðe moſte and in ðe leſte he forleſ Hiſ louerd-hed^[89] quuanne he miſ-cheſ;	But reptiles and wild beasts hurt man as soon as he became sinful.
Leunes and beres him wile to-dragen,	Lions and bears tear him in pieces.
192 And fleges ſen on him non agen; Hadde he wel loked him wið ſkil, Ilc beſte ſulde don hiſ wil;	Flies have no awe of him.
Erf helpeð him ðurg godes með, 196 Hiſ lordehed^[90] ðor-onne he ſeð. And for hiſe ſinne oc he to munen, ðat moſte and leiſte him ben binumen.	Cattle help him through God's mercy.
Ðiſ ſexte dai god made Adam, 200 And his licham of erðe he nam,	On this sixth day God made Adam of earth,
And blew ðor-in a liues blaſt,	and blew into his body a "life's blast,"
A likneſſe of his hali gaſt,	"a likeness of His Holy Ghost,

A ſpirit ful of wit and ſckil; 204 ðor quiles it folgede heli wil, God ſelf ðor quile liket iſ, An un-liſ quuanne it wile miſ.	a spirit full of wit and skill."
[I]N feld damaske adam was mad, 208 And ðeðen fer on londe ſad;	In Damascus field Adam was made.
God bar him in-to paradiſ, An erd al ful of ſwete bliſ;	God bore him into Paradise, an abode full of sweet bliss.
fol wel he wid^[91] him ðor dede,	[Fol. 5.]
212 bi-tagte him al ðat mirie ſtede; Oc an bodeword ðer he him forbed, if he wulde him ſilden fro ðe ded,	He intrusted to him all that pleasant place.
ðat he ſulde him ðer loken fro 216 A fruit, ðe kenned wel and wo,	But forbad him to touch the fruit which taught "weal and woe."
And hiegt him ded he ſulde ben If he ðat bode-word ne gunne flen.	Dead should he be if he broke this command.
God brogt adam ðor bi-forn 220 Ilc kinnes beſte of erðe boren, and fugel, an fiſ, wilde and tame,	God brought all beasts of the earth, fowl, and fish unto Adam,
ðor gaf adam ilc here iſ name; Ne was ðor non lik adam.	who gave to each a name.
224 God dede dat^[92] he on ſweuene cam, And in ðat ſweuene he let him ſen Mikel ðat after ſulde ben.	God caused a sleep to come upon Adam, and in that sleep he saw much that should hereafter be.
Ut of his ſide he toc a rib, 228 And made a wimman him ful ſib, And heled him ðat ſide wel ðat it ne wrocte him neuere a del.	Out of his side God took a rib, and out of it made a woman.
Adam abraid, and ſag ðat wif, 232 Name he gaf hire dat^[93] iſ ful Rif;	Adam awoke and saw his wife.
Iſſa waſ hire firſte name, ðor-of ðurte hire ðinken no ſame;	Issa was her first name,
Mayden, for ſche was mad of man, 236 Hire firſt name ðor bi-gan;	because she was made of man.
Siðen ghe brocte us to woa, Adam gaf hire name eua.	After she brought us to woe Adam called her Eva. [Fol. 5b.]

Adden he folged godes red, 240 Al man-kin adde ſeli ſped;
for ſinne he ðat bliſſe for-loren, ðat derede al ðat of hem was boren; It is her-after in ðe ſong, 244 Hu adam fel in pine ſtrong.	For sin they lost the bliss of Paradise.
Forð glod ðiſ ſexte dais lig[t], After glod ðe ſexte nig[t];	The sixth day passed and
ðe ſeuendai morgen ſpro[n]g, 248 ðat dai tokenede reſte long; ðis dai waſ forð in reſte wrogt, Ilc kinde newes ear waſ brog[t];	the seventh morning sprung. That day betokened long rest.
God ſette ðis dai folk bitwen, 252 Dai of bliſſe and off reſte ben, for ðat time ear fear bi-forn,	God ordained this day a day of bliss and rest.
Til ihesus was on werlde boren, And til he was on ðe rode-wold, 256 And biried in ðe roche cold. And reſtede him after ðe ded, ðat ilke dai god aligen bed.	So it remained until Christ rose from the cold rock.
Siðen for-leſ ðat dai iſ priſ, 260 for ihesus,^[94] god and man ſo wis, Roſ fro ded on ðe ſunenday,	Then the Sunday from that time forth became hallowed for ever.
ðat is forð ſiðen worðed ay;	[Fol. 6.]
And it ſal ben ðe laſte tid, 264 Quan al man-kinde, on werlde wid, Sal ben fro dede to liue brogt, And ſeli ſad fro ðe forwrogt, An ben don in bliſſe and in lif, 268 fro ſwinc, and ſorwe, and deades ſtrif.	So shall it remain until Doomsday.
Wiſdom ðe made ilc ðing of nogt, quuat-ſo-euere on heuone or her iſ wrogt.	Wisdom made each thing of nought.
Ligber he ſridde a dere ſrud, 272 An he wurðe in him-ſeluen prud,	Lucifer waxed proud,
An wid ðat pride him wex a nyð, ðat iwel weldeð al his ſið;	and with that pride came envy.

ðo ne migte he non louerd ðhauen, 276 ðat him ſulde ðhinge grauen:^[95]
"Min fligt," he ſeide, "ic wile up-taken,	"My flight," he says, "I will up take,
Min ſete norð on heuene maken, And ðor ic wile ſitten and ſen 280 Al ðe ðhinges ðe in wer[l]de ben, Twen heuone hil and helle dik, And ben min louerd geuelic."	and make my seat north of heaven, and therein will I sit and see all things.
ðo wurð he drake ðat ear was knigt, 284 ðo wurð he mirc ðat ear was ligt,	Then became he dragon that ere was knight;
And euerilc on ðat helden wid^[96] him, ðo wurðen mirc, and ſwart, and dim,	all that held with him became dark, dim, and black,
And fellen ut of heuones ligt 288 In-to ðis middil walknes nigt;	and fell out of heaven's light.
And get ne kuðe he nogt blinne for to don an oðer ſinne.	[Fol. 6b.] Yet would Satan not cease to commit sin.
Eſten^[97] he ſag in paradiſ 292 Adam and eue in mike[l] priſ, Newelike he was of erðe wrogt, And to ðat mirie bliſſe brogt;	He saw Adam and Eve in Paradise in great bliss and honour.
ðowgte ðis quead, "hu ma it ben, 296 Adam ben king and eue quuen Of alle ðe ðinge in werlde ben. Hu mai it hauen, hu mai it ſen, Of fiſ, of fugel, of wrim, of der, 300 Of alle ðhinge ðe wunen her, Euerilc ðhing haued he geue name,	How may it be, thought he, that Adam is king and Eve queen of all things in the world,
Me to ſorge, ſcaðe, and ſame; for adam ſul ðus and his wif 304 In bliſſe ðus leden leſteful lif; for alle ðo, ðe of hem ſule cumen,	while I am in sorrow, scathe, and shame.
ſulen ermor in bliſſe wunen, And we ðe ben fro heuene driuen,	Evermore shall they remain in bliss,
308 ſulen ðuſſe one in ſorwe liuen; Get ic wene I can a red, ðat hem ſal bringen iwel ſped;	while we must live in sorrow. Yet I think I know of a plan to bring them into sin.

for gef he don ðad^[98] god for-bead, 312 ðat ſal hem bringen to ðo dead,	For if they do what God forbiddeth they shall die.
And ſal get ðis ilke dai, ðor buten hunte if ic mai	This I will without delay bring about to-day.
Ic wene ðat ic and eue hiſe wif 316 ſulen adam bilirten of hiſe lif. Ic wene ðat ic and eue ſulen alle is bliſſe dreue."	[Fol. 7.] I think that Eve and I shall deprive Adam of his life."
Ðus he ðhogte, and up he ſteg, 320 And eſten^[99] til dat^[100] erð he teg,	Thus he thought, and up he went, and to the earth he came.
Wente in to a wirme, and tolde eue a tale; And ſenkede hire hure aldre bale.	He went into a "worm" and told Eve a tale.
"Eue," ſeide he, ðat neddre bold, 324 "Quat oget nu ðat for-bode o-wold, ðat a tre gu forboden is,	"Eve," he said, "what meaneth it that a tree is forbidden you,
ðat ouer alle oðre bered pris? for iſ fruit ſired mannes mood,	a tree that surpasses all others,
328 To witen boðen iwel and good, Sone ge it ðor-of hauen eten, Al ge it ſulen witent^[101] and nogt forgeten,	which shall teach you evil and good,
And ben ſo wiſe alle euene 332 So ðo ðe wunen a-buuen in heuone."	and make you as wise as those who dwell above in heaven?"
Ðanne ðogte eue on hire mod, ðanne iſ tiſ fruit wel ſwiðe good, fair on ſigðhe and ſofte on hond, 336 Of ðiſ fruit wile ic hauen fond.	When Eve saw that it was fair to the sight and soft to the hand,
Sum ghe ðer at, and ſum ghe nam, And bar it to her fere adam; So manie times ghe him ſcroðt,	she ate thereof, and took some and brought it to Adam.
340 Queðer so him was lef or loðt, for to forðen iſ fendes wil,	[Fol. 7b.]
At he dat^[100] fruit, and dede unskil; Sone it was under breſt numen;	He ate that fruit and did foolishly.
344 Dedes two bondes on hem ben comen;	Then death's two bonds came upon them.

Vn-buxumhed he hauen hem don, Vn-buxumhed iſ hem cumen on;
Vn-welde woren and in win, 348 Here owen limes hem wið-in.	Weakness and sorrow troubled their limbs.
fleſſes fremeðe and ſafte ſame boðen he felten on here lichame; ðo gunen he ſame ſriden,	They were ashamed of their nakedness,
352 And limes in leues hiden. Nu wot adam ſum-del o wo, Her-after ſal he leren mo.	and shrouded themselves in leaves.
After ðiſ dede a ſteuone cam, 356 "ðu, nu, quor art, adam, adam?" "Louerd, quat ſame iſ me bi-tid, for ic am naked and haue me hid?" "Quo ſeide ðe dat gu^[102] wer[e] naked; 360 ðu haues ðe ſorges ſigðhe waked,	After this deed a voice came, saying, "Where art thou, Adam?" Quoth Adam, "I am naked, and hid myself."
for ðhu min bode-word haues broken, ðhu ſalt ben ut in ſorge luken,	Then said God, "Because thou hast broken my command,
In ſwinc ðu ſalt tilen ði mete[n], 364 ðin bred wid ſwotes teres eten,	thou shalt till thy meat with toil, and eat thy bread with sweat and tears,
Til gu^[102] beas eft in to erðe cumen, Quer-of gu^[102] beaſ to manne numen;	until thou come again to the earth.
And wif ſal under were wunen, 368 In heuerilc birðhe ſorge numen;	[Fol. 8] Woman shall be under man, and have sorrow in every birth.
And niðful neddre, loð an liðer, ſal gliden on hiſe breſt neðer And erðe freten wile he mai liuen,	The adder shall glide on his breast and eat earth.
372 And atter on is tunge cliuen;	Poison shall cleave to his tongue.
And nið, and ſtrif, and ate, and ſan, Sal ben bi-twen neddre and wimman; And get ſal wimman ouercumen, 376 His heued under fote bi-numen."	Envy, strife, hate, and shame shall be between the adder and the woman."
Two pilches weren ðurg engeles wrogt, And to adam and to eue brogt,	Two pilches the angels wrought for Adam and Eve,
ðor-wið he ben nu boðen ſrid, 380 And here ſame ſumdel is hid.	so that their shame might be hid.

The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Story of Genesis and Exodus: An Early English Song, about 1250 A.D.

Story of Genesis and Exodus,

PREFACE.

DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT, ETC.

DESCRIPTION OF THE POEM.

LAMECH'S BIGAMY.

DEATH OF CAIN.

HOW THE CHILD MOSES BEHAVED BEFORE PHARAOH.

HOW MOSES DEFEATED THE ETHIOPIANS.

THE PLAGUE OF FROGS.

DATE AND DIALECT OF THE POEM.

GRAMMATICAL DETAILS.

THE METRE OF THE POEM.

CONTRACTIONS USED IN THE GLOSSARY.

THE STORY OF GENESIS AND EXODUS, ETC.

GOD MADE HEAVEN AND EARTH BY HIS WORD.

THE DEVIL'S FALL FROM HEAVEN. THE FIRST LIGHT DAWNS.

THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH ARE PARTED.

THE STARS ARE SET, AND FOWL AND FISH ARE MADE.

CATTLE ARE MADE FOR MAN'S SERVICE. ADAM IS CREATED.

OF PARADISE AND THE CREATION OF EVE.

THE SEVENTH DAY IS MADE A DAY OF REST.

LUCIFER IS CAST INTO HELL, AND THERE PLOTS MAN'S FALL.

EVE AND ADAM EAT THE FORBIDDEN FRUIT.

GOD'S CURSE ON ADAM AND EVE, AND THE ADDER.

EVE BEGETS CAIN AND ABEL, AND OTHER CHILDREN.

CAIN BUILDS ENO. LAMECH BEGINS BIGAMY.

LAMECH KILLS CAIN AND HIS OWN SERVANT.

OF SETH, ENOCH, METHUSELAH, AND NOAH.

OF THE WORLD'S CORRUPTION AND NOAH'S FLOOD.

THE BUILDING OF THE ARK. THE FLOOD.

THE ARK STOOD IN ARMENIA.

THE RAINBOW APPEARS IN THE WELKIN.

CONFUSION OF TONGUES. ORIGIN OF IDOLATRY.

ABRAM LEAVES MESOPOTAMIA.

ABRAM REACHES CANAAN. HE GOES TO EGYPT.

PHARAOH TAKES AWAY SARAI, AND IS PUNISHED BY A PLAGUE.

ABRAM DWELLS AT MAMRE. LOT IN SODOM.

THE BATTLE OF FOUR KINGS AGAINST FIVE.

ABRAM RESCUES LOT. MELCHIZEDEK BLESSES HIM.

ABRAM COMPLAINS FOR WANT OF AN HEIR.

SARAI BEING BARREN GIVES HAGAR TO ABRAM.

ISHMAEL IS BORN. CIRCUMCISION IS INSTITUTED.

ABRAHAM IS PROMISED A SON.

LOT ENTERTAINS TWO ANGELS.

THE DESTRUCTION OF SODOM AND GOMORRAH.

THE BIRTHS OF AMMON AND MOAB.

ABRAHAM DWELLS IN GERAR.

THE BANISHMENT OF HAGAR AND ISHMAEL.

ABIMELECH COVENANTS WITH ABRAHAM,

AND GIVES HIM THE WELL OF BEERSHEBA.

THE OFFERING OF ISAAC.

ELIEZER IS SENT TO MESOPOTAMIA.

ELIEZER MEETS WITH REBEKAH.

ISAAC TAKES REBEKAH TO WIFE.

THE BIRTH OF ESAU AND JACOB.

THE PRIVILEGES OF THE FIRST BORN.

JACOB DEFRAUDS ESAU OF THE BLESSING.

ESAU THREATENS TO KILL JACOB.

JACOB IS SENT TO PADAN-ARAM.

FROM LUZ HE JOURNEYS TO HARAN.

JACOB COVENANTS FOR RACHEL.

JACOB MARRIES RACHEL.

JACOB LEAVES LABAN SECRETLY.

THE COVENANT BETWEEN JACOB AND LABAN.

THE MEETING OF ESAU AND JACOB.

JACOB DWELLS AT SUCCOTH. DINAH'S FOLLY.

BENJAMIN IS BORN. RACHEL DIES.

JOSEPH IS HATED BY HIS BRETHREN.

JOSEPH IS SOLD TO CHAPMEN,

WHO SELL HIM TO POTIPHAR, AN EGYPTIAN.

JOSEPH IS CAST INTO PRISON.

HE INTERPRETS THE PRISONERS' DREAMS.

KING PHARAOH DREAMS A DREAM,

WHICH IS INTERPRETED BY JOSEPH.

THE FAMINE IN EGYPT AND CANAAN.

JOSEPH'S HARSHNESS TO HIS BRETHREN.

BENJAMIN IS TAKEN TO EGYPT.

JOSEPH'S INTERVIEW WITH HIS BRETHREN.

THE BRETHREN ARE ACCUSED OF THEFT.

He ben don ut of paradiſ, ðat erd al ful of ſwete bliſ; He ben don ut of bliſſes erd,	They were turned out of Paradise.
384 Cherubin hauet ðe gateſ ſperd;	Cherubim closed the gates.
Ne ſulen it neuere ben un-don, Til ihesus beð on Rode don; Ne ſulen it neuermore ben opened, 388 Til ihesus beð on rode dead.	Never shall they be undone till Christ is crucified.
Iff mikel is ſorge, and more care, Adam and eue it wite ful gare; Of paradiſ hem ðinkeð ſwem,	Thus Adam and Eve became acquainted with sorrow and care.
392 Of iwel and dead hem ſtondeð greim. On ſundri ðhenken he to ben, And neiðere on oðer ſen, Til angel brogte adam bode,	[Fol. 8b.] Evil and death troubled them. They thought that they must never look upon one another.
396 bodeword and tiding fro gode:—	Message came from God,
"Adam, ðhu knowe eue ðin wif, And leded ſamen gunker lif;	"Adam, know Eve, thy wife, and live together.
Summe ſulen of gu to kumen, 400 Sulen ben in to reſte numen; Summe ſulen folwen fendes red, And ben in ſorwe after ðe dead; And get ſal godeſ dere ſune	Some that shall be born of you shall come to bliss, others shall be in sorrow after their death.
404 In gure kin in werlde wunen, And he ſal bringen man a-gen In paradiſ to wunen and ben."	God's dear Son shall bring man again into Paradise."
Swilc tiding ðhugte adam god, 408 And ſumdel quemeð it his ſeri mood. Ðiſ angel is to heuone numen,	These tidings partly softened Adam's sorry mood.
And adam iſ to eue cumen, More for erneſte dan^[103] for gamen; 412 Adam and eue wunen ſamen,	Adam and Eve lived together.
And hadden childre manige i-wiſ, Mo ðan of telleð de geneſis;	Children had they, many more than Genesis tells of.
for fiftene ger hadde adam, 416 ðan caim of eue cam,	After fifteen years Cain was born,

And oðer fiftene al-ſwilc ſel, Quane eue bar rigt-wiſe abel.^[104]	and afterwards Eve bore righteous Abel.
Abel an hundred ger waſ hold, 420 ðan he was of iſ broðer wold; An hundred ger after iſ dead,	[Fol. 9.] Abel was a hundred years old when he was slain by his brother.
Adam fro eue in ſrifte abead. To hundred ger and .xxx.^ti mo 424 was adam hold and eue ðo,	After this Adam from Eve in shrift abode one hundred years.
ðan bor ghe ſeht in ðe ſtede Of caym ðat abel for-dede; Or or midleſt, or after ðo 428 Bar eue of adam manige moo.	Seth was born when Adam was 230 years old.
Ðor quiles ðat adam ſorge dreg for abel, caym fro him fleg, wið wif and hagte, and wurð ut-lage, 432 wið dead him ſtood hinke and age.	Cain fled from his home and became an outlaw.
He ches a ſtede toward eden, And to him^[105] ſameden oðer men,	He chose an abode near Eden.
wallede a burg, e-no bi name;	He built a city, Enoch by name.
436 ðeft and reflac ðhugte him no ſame, for ðat he made him manige fon, ðor he ðhogte he ſtonden agon.	Theft and robbery was no sin to him; many foes he made.
Met of corn, and wigte of fe, 440 And merke of felde, first fond he. Tellen ic wile ſo birðe bad, Adam, caym, enos, iraab, Malaleel, matusale; 444 Lamech is at ðe sexte kne,	Measure of corn, weight of goods, division of land, taught he first.
ðe ſeuende man after adam, ðat of caymes kinde cam. ðiſ lamech waſ ðe firme man,	[Fol. 9b.] The seventh man after Adam, of Cain's kind, was Lamech.
448 ðe bigamie firſt bi-gan. Bigamie is unkinde ðing, On engleis tale, twie-wifing;	He first began bigamy.

for ai was rigt and kire bi-forn, 452 On man, on wiſ, til he was boren.
Lamech him two wifes nam, On adda, an noðer wif ſellam.	Two wives he took—Adah and Zillah.
Adda bar him ſune Iobal,	Adah bare Jabal.
456 He was hirde wittere and wal; Of merke, and kinde, and helde, & ble,	He was a cunning shepherd.
ſundring and ſameni[n]g tagte he;	He taught separation and assembling.
Iobal iſ broðer ſong and glew, 460 Wit of muſike, wel he knew;	Jubal, his brother, wise in song and glee,
On two tableſ of tigel and braſ wrot he ðat wiſtom, wiſ he was, ðat it ne ſulde ben undon 464 If fier or water come ðor-on.	wrote on tile and brass.
Sella wuneð oc lamech wið, ghe bar tubal, a ſellic ſmið;	Zillah bare Tubal, a mighty smith.
Of irin, of golde, ſiluer, and bras 468 To ſundren and mengen wiſ he was;	Iron, gold, silver, and brass he well knew how to separate and to mix.
Wopen of wigte and tol of grið, wel cuðe ^[106]egte and ſafgte^[106] wið.	He was skilled in making weapons of war and household tools.
Lamech ledde long lif til ðan	[Fol. 10.]
472 ðat he wurð biſne, and haued a man ðat ledde him ofte wudes ner, To ſcheten after ðe wilde der; Al-so he miſtagte, alſo he ſchet, 476 And caim in ðe wude iſ let;	Lamech at last became blind. He had a man to lead him to the woods in search of wild deer.
His knape wende it were a der, An lamech droge iſ arwe ner,	The knave mistook Cain for a deer.
And letet flegen of ðe ſtreng, 480 Caim unwarde it under-feng,	Lamech let fly an arrow,
Gruſnede, and ſtrekede, and ſtarf wið-ðan. Lamech wið wreðe iſ knape nam,	which struck Cain and killed him.
Vn-bente iſ boge, and bet, and slog, 484 Til he fel dun on dedeſ ſwog.	Lamech beat and slew his servant.
Twin-wifing ant twin-manſlagt Of his ſoule beð mikel hagt.	Thus was he guilty of twi-wiving and twin-slaughter.

Of hiſe endinge ne wot ic nogt, 488 oc of iſ kinde woren brogt	Of his death we know nothing.
On werlde ſeue and ſeuenti ðhuſant men, Or or flum noe ſpredde hiſ fen; Queðer ſo it ðhogte hem iuel or good, 492 Alle he drinkilden in ðat flood.	His descendants were all destroyed by Noah's flood.
Of ſeth, ðe waſ adam-iſ ſune, cam enos; he gan ali wune Of bedes, and of godefrigtihed, 496 for liues helpe and ſoules red.	Of Seth came Enos, who was prayerful and God-fearing.
Ic wile rigt tellen, if ic can,	[Fol. 10b.]
Adam, ſeth, enos, caynan, Malaleel, iareth, enoch, 500 for alied^[107] god ſelf him toch fro mannes mene in to ðat ſtede ðat adam forles for iuel dede;	God took Enoch to Himself,
get liueð enoch wið-vten ſtrif, 504 In paradiſ in ſwete lif;	to dwell with Him in Paradise.
Get he ſal cumen or domeſ-day, And wenden iewes, if he may, To ðe witteneſſe of ieſus criſt, 508 And tholen dead vnder antecrist; Siðen ſal antecriſt ben ſlagen, And man and angeles wurðen fagen. chirches ben wurſiped mor and mor, 512 And fendes dregen ſorge and ſor.	Enoch shall come before Doomsday to turn the Jews to Christ.
Or enoch wente [fro] werldes wune, Matuſale waſ boren iſ ſune,	Before Enoch went from the world Methuselah was born.
And lamech of matuſale,	Lamech came of Methuselah.
516 And of lamech rigt-wiſe noe.	Lamech begat Noah.
Metodius, ali martyr, Adde in his herte ſighe^[108] ſir; Alſo he god adde ofte bi-ſogte, 520 Wiſlike was him in herte brogt ðis midelerdes biginning, And middel-hed, and iſ ending;	Methodius, holy martyr, knew much of this world's beginning, middle, and ending.

He wrot a boc dat manige witen, 524 Manige tiding ðor-on iſ writen; ðor iſ writen quat agte awold, dat^[109] ðiſ werld waſ water wold. Fif hundred ger of ðat ðuſent 528 ðat mankin was on werlde ſent,	[Fol. 11.] He wrote a book, well known to many.
Caymes ſunes wrogten vn-lage, Wið breðere wifes hore-plage; And on ðe ſexte hundred ger	Cain's kind wrought against law.
532 Wimmen welten wereſ meſter, And ſwilc woded wenten^[110] on, Golhed hunkinde he gunnen don; And ðe fifte hundred ger,	Women waxed evil, unchaste, and unnatural.
536 wapmen bi-gunnen quad meſter, bi-twen hem-ſeluen hun-wreſte plage, A ðefis kinde, a-genes lage. Two hundred ger after ðo wunes,	Men began to addict themselves to wretched practices.
540 Mis-wiuen hem gunnen ſeðes ſunes, Agenes ðat adam for-bead, And leten godeſ frigti-hed;	Seth's sons made marriages contrary to Adam's commands.
He choſen hem wiwes of caym, 544 And mengten wið waried kin; Of hem woren ðe getenes boren,	They chose wives of Cain's seed, and mixed with the accursed kind.
Migti men, and figti, [and] for-loren; He wrogten manige [sinne] and bale, 548 Of ðat migt [nu] is litel tale;	Of them were giants born who wrought many evils.
for ðat he god ne luueden nogt, ðat migt iſ al to ſorge brogt;	[Fol. 11b.]
for ſwilc ſinful dedes ſake, 552 ſo cam on werlde wreche and wrake for to bliſſen ſwilc ſinnes ſame, ðat it ne wexe at more hun-frame.	For their great sin there came wrath and vengeance upon the world.
Ðo wex a flod ðis werlde wid-hin, 556 and [o]uer-flowged men & deres kin,	A flood drowned man and beast.
wið-vten noe and hise ðre ſunen, Sem, Cam, Iaphet, if we rigt munen,	Noah and his family were saved in an ark.

And here foure wifes woren hem wið; 560 ðise .viij. hadden in ðe arche grið.^[111]
Ðat arche was a feteles good, ſet and limed a-gen ðe flood;	The ark was a good vessel.
ðhre hundred elne waſ it long, 564 Naild and ſperd, ðig and ſtrong,	Three hundred ells was it long,
And .l.^ti elne wid, and .xxx.^ti heg; ðor buten noe (.) long ſwing he dreg,	fifty wide, and thirty high.
An hundred winter, euerilc del, 568 welken or it was ended wel; Of alle der ðe on werlde wunen, And foueles weren ðer-inne cumen	A hundred winters was Noah in building it.
Bi ſeuene and ſeuene, or bi two & two, 572 Al-migtin god him bad it ſo, And mete quorbi ðei migten liuen, ðor quiles he woren on water driuen.	Clean animals entered the ark by seven and seven, unclean by two and two.
Sexe hundred ger noe was hold 576 Quan he dede him in ðe arche-wold; Two ðhuſant ger, ſex hundred mo, And ſex and fifti forð to ðo, weren of werldes elde numen 580 ðan noe waſ in to ðe arche cumen.	[Fol. 12.] Six hundred years old was Noah when he entered the ark.
Ilc watereſ ſpringe here ſtrengðe undede, And Reyn gette dun on euerilk ſtede fowerti daiſ and fowerti nigt, 584 So wex water wið magti migt; So wunderlike it wex & get	The water springs undid their strength. Rain poured down on every place.
ðat fiftene elne it ouer-flet, Ouer ilk dune, and ouer ilc hil, 588 ðhurge godes migt and godes wil; And oðer fowerti ðore-to, Daiſ and nigtes ſtodet ſo;	Fifteen ells it overflowed, over every hill and vale.
ðo waſ ilc fleiſ on wer[l]de ſlagen, 592 ðo gunnen ðe wateres hem wið-dragen.	Then was all flesh destroyed.

Ðe ſeuend moned^[112] waſ in cumen, And ſeuene and .xx.^ti dais numen, IN armenie ðat arche ſtod, 596 ðo waſ wið-dragen ðat ilc flod.	In the seventh month and the twenty-seventh day the ark stood in Armenia.
Ðo ðe tende moned^[112] cam in, So wurð dragen ðe watreſ win; Dunes wexen, ðe flod wið-drog, 600 It adde leſted longe a-nog	When the tenth month came the waters withdrew.
Fowerti daiſ after ðiſ, Arches windoge undon it iſ, ðe Rauen ut-fleg, hu ſo it gan ben, 604 Ne cam he nogt to ðe arche a-gen;	[Fol. 12b.] Forty days after this the ark's window is undone, the raven out flew, and came not again to the ark.
ðe duue fond no clene ſtede, And wente a-gen and wel it dede;	The dove found no clean place, and came again to the ark.
ðe ſeuendai eſt ut it tog, 608 And brogt a grene oliues bog; Seue nigt ſiðen euerilc on	After seven days the dove left the ark and returned with an olive bough.
He is let ut flegen, crepen, and gon, wið-uten ilc ſeuend clene der 612 ðe he ſacrede on an aucter. Sex hundred ger and on dan^[113] olde	Seven nights after all are let out of the ark.
Noe ſag ut of ðe arche-wolde; ðe firſt moned^[112] and te firſt dai, 616 He ſag erðe drie & te water awai; get he waſ wiſ and nogt to rad,	Noah looked out of the ark and saw that the earth was dry.
Gede he nogt ut, til god him bad. Ðe toðer moneð was in cumen, 620 And ſeuene and twenti dais numen, ðo herde Noe wol bliðe bode	Yet went he not out till he was bidden by God.
Of a ſteuene, ðe cam fro gode; He and hiſe wif wenten ut fre, 624 Hiſe ſunes and here wifes ðre;	At God's command he and his family left the ark.
He made an aucter on godeſ name, And ſacrede he ðor-on, for ſowleſ frame,	Noah made an altar and sacrificed thereon.
Ilc ſeuende der of clene kin, 628 ðe waſ holden in arche wið-hin,	[Fol. 13.] The seventh deer was offered up,

And leten ðe oðre to liue gon, of hem ben tudered manigon.	the others were allowed to escape alive.
Often he [bad] wid^[114] frigti bede, 632 ðat ſwiulc wreche ſo god ðo dede Ne ſulde more on werlde cumen, Quat wreche ſo ðor wurðe numen.	Noah besought God that he would no more send such destruction upon mankind.
God gat it a token of luuen, 636 Taunede him in ðe wa[l]kene a-buuen	God granted his request, and shewed him the rain-bow as a token of His love.
Rein-bowe, men cleped^[115] reed and blo;	The rain-bow is called red and blue.
ðe blo tokeneð de^[116] wateres wo, ðat iſ wið-uten and is gon;	The blue denotes the water that drowned all flesh.
640 ðe rede wid-innen^[117] toknet on wreche ðat ſal get wurðen ſent, wan al ðis werld wurðe brent; And al-ſo hege ðe lowe ſal gon, 644 So ðe flod flet de dunes on; fowerti ger or domeſ-dai, ðiſ token no man ne ſen mai.	The red betokeneth the destruction of the world by fire.
Of^[118] noe ſiðen an iſ ðre ſunen, 648 ben boren alle ðe in werlde wunen,	From Noah and his three sons all mankind have come.
And or he waſ on werlde led, His kinde waſ wel wide ſpred; Al it iſ writen ic tellen mai 652 Of his kin bi hiſ liue dai;	Before his death his family were widely spread.
vten childre and vten wimmen, wel fowre and .xx. ðhuſent men woren ſtalwurði boren bi tale, 656 wið-uten wif-kin and childre ſmale; .ix. hundred ger and fifti told, or or he ſtarf, noe waſ old.	[Fol. 13b.] They numbered, excluding women and children, 24,000 stalworth men.
Nembrot gat hiſe feres red, 660 for ðat he hadde of water dred, To maken a tur, wel heg & ſtrong, Of tigel and ter, for water-gong;	Nimrod had dread of water, so he advised his followers to make a tower high and strong.
Twelwe and ſexti men woren ðor-to,	Seventy-two men were employed about it.

664 Meiſter men for to maken it ſo.
Al waſ on ſpeche ðor bi-foren,	All spoke one speech before.
ðor woren ſundri ſpeches boren; ðo wurðen he frigti and a-griſen, 668 for dor^[119] waſ ſundri ſpecheſ riſen,	Now sundry tongues arose and sorely terrified the workmen.
Sexti lond-ſpeches and .xii. mo, weren delt ðane in werlde ðo.	Seventy-two land-speeches were then spoken.
Babel, ðat tur, bi-lef un-mad,	That tower was called Babel.
672 ðat folc iſ wide on lon[de] ſad; Nembrot nam wið ſtrengðhe ðat lond, And helde ðe tur o babel in hiſ hond.	The folk became scattered afar upon the earth.
Beluſ king waſ nembrot ſune, 676 Nilus hiſ ſune gan ille wune; Belus wurð dead, and nilus king Made likeneſſe, for muni[gin]g^[120]	Belus was Nimrod's son, and after him reigned Nilus, who set up an image in remembrance of his father.
After hiſ fader, and he ſo dede, 680 He it ſetten on an mirie ſtede;	[Fol. 14.]
Euerilc man he gaf lif and frið ðat to ðat likeneſſe ſogte grið; for ðat frið ðat hem [gaf] ðe king, 684 He boren ðat likneſſe wurðing,	Nilus rewarded all that honoured this likeness.
Calden it bel, after belum; After ðis cam ſwilc oðer ſum,	They called it Bel, after Belum.
Manie man, iſ frend for to munen, 688 Made likneſſe after ðe wunen,	Many made likenesses of their friends.
Bel was ðe firſte, and after him Sum higte beland, ſum balim, And ſum bel, and ſum bal; 692 fendes fleiðing wex wið-al, To wenden men fro godes reed, To newe luue and to newe dred;	Bel was the first, and hence the names Bal or Balim.
Ydolatrie ðuſ waſ boren, 696 for quuam mani man iſ for-loren. Of ſem, and of ðe folc ðe of him cam, luue and dred under gode nam; Of ðis kinge wil we leden ſong,	Thus was idolatry introduced, by which many are destroyed.

700 Cristes helpe be us amonge!
Noe, ſem, arfaxath, ſale, Heber, phaleth, ðe ſexte iſ he, Reu, ſaruch, nacor, thare, 704 ðiſ iſ ðe tende fro noe.	The family of Shem.
Ðis oðer werldes elde iſ ſo, A ðhuſent ger ſeuenti and two.	[Fol. 14b.]
ðe ðridde werldeſ elde cam, 708 Quanne thare bi-gat abram; for he bi-gat a ſune aram, Nachor midleſt, laſt abram;	The third age of the world began when Terah begat Abram.
Aram bi-gat loth, and ſarray, 712 And melcham, and waſ ſort leui	Haran begat Lot and Sarai and Milcah.
In lond caldea, hur hicte ðe tun, Quor deades ſtrenge warp him dun;	They dwelt in Ur of the Chaldees.
ðor fader, and breðere, and childre, and wif, 716 Him bi-ſtoden wið ſorwes ſtrif; ðo ðogte thare on hiſ mod,	Much strife was there between father and brother, children and wife.
long bigging iſ here nogt god. Nachor he gaf wif melcam, 720 And trewe ſarray abram.	Terah did not care to remain long in this town.
Quanne abram wurð wiſ and war ðat ſarray non childre ne bar, He toc him loth on ſunes ſtede; 724 He waſ hiſe neve, wol wel he dede.	Abram having no children adopted Lot as his son.
Thare let hur, and ðeðen he nam, And wulde to lond canahan, Cam into a burgt^[121] ðat het aram, 728 In londe meſopothaniam.	Terah left Ur and came to Haran in Mesopotamia.
Wið him ledde he nachor, melcam, Sarray, loth, and abram.	With him he took his sons and daughters.
Tho^[122] hundred ger and fifue mo,	[Fol. 15.]
732 Thare waſ old, ſtarf he ðo. Tereſ gliden for herteſ ſor fro loth, and abram, and nachor;	Terah died when he was two hundred and five years old.
Thare lið biried in aram.	He lies buried in Haran.