The Project Gutenberg eBook of When I Was a Boy in Japan
    
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online
at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States,
you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located
before using this eBook.

Title: When I Was a Boy in Japan

Author: Sakae Shioya

Release date: November 11, 2017 [eBook #55939]
                Most recently updated: October 23, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Produced by MFR, David E. Brown, and the Online Distributed
        Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
        produced from images generously made available by The
        Internet Archive)


*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHEN I WAS A BOY IN JAPAN ***

[Illustration: SHIO YA SAKAE]




  WHEN I WAS A BOY
  IN JAPAN

  BY
  SAKAE SHIOYA

  _ILLUSTRATED FROM PHOTOGRAPHS_

  [Illustration]

  BOSTON
  LOTHROP, LEE & SHEPARD CO.




  Published, August, 1906.


  COPYRIGHT, 1906, BY LOTHROP, LEE & SHEPARD CO.


  _All Rights Reserved._


  WHEN I WAS A BOY IN JAPAN.


  Norwood Press
  Berwick & Smith Co.
  Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.




PREFACE


Japanese boys have not been introduced very much to their little
American friends, and the purpose of this book is to provide an
introduction by telling some of the experiences which are common to
most Japanese boys of the present time, together with some account of
the customs and manners belonging to their life. I can at least claim
that the story is told as it could be only by one who had actually
lived the life that is portrayed. I have endeavored to hold the
interest of my young readers by bringing in more or less of amusement.
The little girl companion is introduced to widen the interest and add
somewhat more of the story element than would otherwise be present. The
sketches composing the various chapters are necessarily disconnected,
but they form a series of pictures, priceless at least to the author,
which foreign eyes have seldom been allowed to see.

                                                           SAKAE SHIOYA.

    YALE UNIVERSITY, 1905.




CONTENTS


  CHAPTER I.: MY INFANCY.
    How I Looked--My Name--Walking--In Tea Season--My
    Toys--“Kidnapped”--O-dango                                         9

  CHAPTER II.: AT HOME.
    Introduction--Dinner--Rice--Turning to Cows--A Bamboo
    Dragon-fly--A Watermelon Lantern--On a Rainy Evening--The
    Story of a Badger                                                 23

  CHAPTER III.: THE VILLAGE SCHOOL.
    A Mimic School--Preparations--The School--How Classes Are
    Conducted--Out of Tune--A Moral Story--School
    Discipline--Playthings--“Knife Sense”                             35

  CHAPTER IV.: IN TOKYO.
    Where We Settled--A Police Stand--Stores--“Broadway”--
    Illumination--The Foreign Settlement                              51

  CHAPTER V.: MY NEW SCHOOL.
    Tomo-chan--The Men with Wens--A Curious Punishment--How I
    Experienced It--Kotoro-Kotoro                                     62

  CHAPTER VI.: CHINESE EDUCATION.
    My Chinese Teacher--How I Was Taught--Versification--My
    Uncle--Clam Fishing--A Flatfish                                   76

  CHAPTER VII.: AN EVENING FÊTE.
    My Father--His Love for Potted Trees--A Local Fête--Show
    Booths--Goldfish Booths--Singing Insects--How a Potted Tree
    Was Bought                                                        91

  CHAPTER VIII.: SUMMER DAYS.
    A Swimming School--How I Was Taught to Swim--Diving--The Old
    Home Week--Return of the Departed Souls--Visiting the Ancestral
    Graves--The Memorable Night--A Village Dance                     102

  CHAPTER IX.: THE ENGLISH SCHOOL.
    A Night at the Dormitory--Beginning English--Grammar--
    Pronunciation--School Moved--Mother’s Love                       114

  CHAPTER X.: A BOY ASTRONOMER.
    What I Intended to Be--My Aun View--My Parents’ Approval--My
    Uncle’s Enthusiasm--The Total Eclipse of the Sun                 128

  CHAPTER XI.: IN THE SUBURBS.
    A Novel Experiment--Removal--Our New
    House--Angling--Tomo-chan’s Visit                                143




ILLUSTRATIONS


                                                                    PAGE

  SAKAE SHIOYA                                   _Portrait Frontispiece_

  A JAPANESE HOUSE                                                    22

  A JAPANESE SCHOOL SCENE                                             40

  THE JAPANESE “BROADWAY”                                             56

  A TYPICAL JAPANESE STREET                                           90

  A JAPANESE SCHOOL OF THE PRESENT DAY                               120




WHEN I WAS A BOY IN JAPAN




CHAPTER I

MY INFANCY

    How I Looked--My Name--Walking--In Tea Season--My
    Toys--“Kidnapped”--O-dango.


I suppose I don’t need to tell you exactly, my little friends, when
and where I was born, because Japanese names are rather hard for you
to remember, and then I don’t want to disclose my age. Suffice it to
say that I was once a baby like all of you and my birthplace was about
a day’s journey from Tokyo, the capital of Japan. I wish I could have
observed myself and noted down every funny thing I did when very small,
as the guardian angel, who is said to be standing by every cradle, will
surely do. But when my memory began to be serviceable, I was well on
in my infancy, and if I were to rely on that only, I should have to
skip over a considerable length of time. How I should dislike to do
this! So, my little friends, let me construct this chapter out of bits
of things my mamma used to tell me now and then.

When I was born, my father was away. Grandma was very proud to have a
boy for the first-born, and at once wrote him a letter saying that a
son was born to him and that he was like--and then she wrote two large
circles, meaning that I was very, very plump. Do you know how a plump
Japanese baby looks? I have often wondered myself, and have many a
time watched a baby taking a bath. Let us suppose him to be one year
old and about to be put into warm water in a wooden tub. His chin is
dimple-cleft, his cheeks ripe as an apple, and his limbs are but a
continuation of his fat trunk. And how jolly the elfin is! After the
queer expression he has shown on being dipped has passed away and he
realizes what he is about, he will make many quick bows--really, I
assure you, to show his thanks for the trouble of washing him. At this,
mother, sister, and the maid assisting them give a burst of laughter,
when, with a scream of immense delight, he will strike his fists into
the water, causing a panic among the well-clad and not-ready-to-get-wet
attendants. With royal indifference, however, he will then try to push
his fist into his mouth, and not grumbling at all over his ill-success,
he will set about telling a story with his everlasting mum-mum. Now he
is taken out and laid on a towel. Glowing red, how he will move his
arms and legs like an overturned turtle! Well, that is how I looked, I
am very sure.

In Japan, in christening a child, we follow the principle of “A good
name is better than rich ointment.” I was named Sakae, which in the
hierographic Chinese characters represents fire burning on a stand. The
idea of illumination will perhaps suggest itself to you at once, and
indeed, it means glory or thrift. And my well-wishing parents named me
so, that I might thrive and be a glory to my family. So I was bound to
be good, wasn’t I? A bad boy with a good name would be very much like a
monkey with a silk hat on.

Now begins my walking. Now and then mamma or grandma would train me,
taking my hands and singing:

  “Anyo wa o-jozu,
  Korobu wa o-heta.”

But my secret delight--so I judge--was to stand by myself, clinging to
the convenient checkered frames of paper screens, which covered the
whole length of the veranda. When I went from one side to the other, at
first without being noticed--of course walking like a crab--and then
suddenly being discovered with a shout of admiration, I used to come
down with a bump, which, however, never hurt me--I was so plump, you
know. I must describe here a sort of ceremony, or rather an ordeal, I
had to pass through when I was fairly able to stand and walk without
any help. For this I must begin with my house.

My house stood on the outskirts of the town, where the land rose to a
low hill and was covered with tea-plants. We owned a part of it hedged
in by criptomerias.

We were not regular tea dealers, but we used to have an exciting
time in the season preparing our crop. Lots of red-cheeked country
girls would come to pick the leaves, and it was a sight to see them
working. With their heads nicely wrapped with pieces of white and
blue cloth, jetting out of the green ocean of tea-leaves, they would
sing peculiarly effective country songs, mostly in solos with a short
refrain in chorus. But they were not having a concert, and if you
should step in among them, they would make a hero of you, those girls.
And then we had also a good many young men working at tea-heaters.

Here they likewise sang snatches of songs, but their principal business
was to roll up steamed leaves and dry them over the fire. But when
work is combined with fun, it is a great temptation for a boy, and I,
a lad of five or six, I remember, would have a share among them, and,
standing on a high stool by a heater and baring my right shoulder like
the rest, would join more in a refrain than in rolling the leaves.

But I was going to tell you about the ceremony I had to pass through,
wasn’t I? Well, it happened, or rather somebody especially arranged it
so, I suspect, that I should have it just at the time of this great
excitement. The ceremony itself is like this. They take a child fairly
able to walk, load him with some heavy thing, and place him in a sort
of a large basket shaped like the blade of a shovel. Now let him walk.
The basket will rock under him, the load is too heavy for him, and he
will fall down.

If he does, it is taken for granted that he has in that one act had all
the falls that he would otherwise meet in his later life. So, if he
appears too strong to stumble, he will be shaken down by some roguish
hands before he gets out of it.

I was to go through this before august spectators--country girls.
They liked to see me plump, because some of them were even more plump
than I. At any rate, from everywhere they saluted me as “Bot’chan,”
“Bot’chan.” If I had returned every salute by looking this way and
that, I should have broken my neck. But it was customary to make a bow
anyway, and I was ordered by my mamma to do so. On this occasion I
made two snap bows with my chin, which excited laughter. Now a basket
was produced, a brand-new one, I remember, and I was loaded with some
heavy rice cake. I stood up, however, like Master Peachling of our
fairy-tale, who is said to have surprised his adopted mother by rising
in his bathtub on the very day of his birth! I was then placed in the
basket and made to walk.

I looked intently at the basket, not because it was new, but because it
gave me a queer motion, the ups and downs of a boat, a new sensation
to me, anyway. Attracted, however, by the merry voices of the crowd,
I looked at them, and suddenly, being pleased with so many smiling
faces, raised a cry of delight, when down I came with a loud noise. A
roar of laughter broke out with the clapping of hands. The noise buried
my surprise and I also clapped my hands without knowing who was being
cheered.

As the first-born of the house, I must have had lots of playthings. But
there were two things I remember as clear as the day. One was a sword,
all wood, however. As the son of a samurai, I should have had to serve
my lord under the old régime and stake my life and honor on the two
blades of steel. And so even if the good old days were gone, something
to remind us of them was kept and made a plaything of. But really, I
liked my wooden sword. The other thing was a horse--a hobby-horse, I
mean. I don’t know just how many horses I had, but I wanted any number
of them. I had some pictures, but they were all of horses. If not, I
would not accept the presents. And with these two kinds of treasures I
enjoyed most of my childhood days, the sword slantingly on my side, and
the horse, which I fancied trotting, under me, while I shouted “Haiyo!
haiyo!”

Although I had my own name, people called me “Bot’chan,” as I have
said, because it is a general term of endearment, and papa and mamma
would call me “Bô” or “Bôya.” Among those who addressed me thus, I
remember very well one middle-aged woman who often came to steal me
from mamma, and by whom I was only too glad to be stolen.

We had a long veranda facing the garden, on which I passed most of
my days. There I rode on my hobby-horse or played with my little dog
Shiro, who would go through all sorts of tricks for a morsel of nice
things. Suddenly my laugh would cease and nothing of me would be heard.
Wondering what the matter was, mamma would open the paper screen
to see, and lo! not a shadow of me was to be seen. Even Shiro had
disappeared. Attacked with a feeling something akin to horror, she used
to picture--so I imagine--a winged tengu (a Japanese harpy) swooping
down and carrying me away to some distant hill. But soon finding
recent steps of clogs on the ground, coming to and receding from the
veranda, she would nod and smile at the trick. She knew that I had been
kidnapped by a good soul!

Now I want to give you some reasons why I liked this woman. First of
all, it was because she always carried me on her back. The only way to
appreciate what it is to be tall, would be to be a grown-up man and
a small child at the same time. And that is exactly the feeling that
I had. I could see lots of curious things over the forbidden hedges.
I could even see things over the house-tops; they were all one-story,
and built low, though. In a word, I always felt while on her back like
a wee pig who had first toddled out into a wide, wide world. And then
she would carry me through town. What life there was! After crossing
a bridge which spanned the stream, coming from the beautiful lake on
the north and going a little way along a row of pine-trees, we would
come on a flock of ducks and geese on their way to the water. What a
noise they made,--quack, quack! Then we would begin inspecting rows
of houses, open to the street and in which all sorts of things were
sold. Men, women, and children, as well as dogs, seemed to be very much
occupied. Then I would spy some horses laden with straw bags and wood.
Real horses they were, but I was rather disappointed to find them so
big and their appearance not half so good as in my pictures. My faith
in them always began to shake a little bit, but still I used to persist
in thinking that my hobby-horses and pictures were nearer the reality
than those we met on the street. And wasn’t it curious that my belief
was at last substantiated by seeing a Shetland pony in America after
some twenty years? Ah, that was exactly what I had in mind!

Then I would hear a merry prattle on a drum--_terent-tenten,
terent-tenten_. Ah, here would come boy acrobats dressed in something
like girls’ gymnasium suits, with a small mask of a lion’s head with a
plume on it, on their heads. A funny sort of boy, I thought, but on my
woman’s giving them some pennies, they would perform all sorts of feats
which interested me never so much. The woman used to shake me to make
sure that I was not dead, as I kept very quiet, watching.

The woman’s house was just behind the street, and she was sure to
take me there. Here was another reason why I liked her very much.
She seemed to know just what I wanted. She would set me on the sunny
veranda and bring me some nice o-dango (rice dumpling). This she made
herself, and it was prepared just to my liking, covered well with soy
and baked deliciously. I was in clover if I only had that!

I will describe one of my visits, which will well represent them all.
The day was calm and bright, and while we were feasting--she had some
of the good things, too--her pussy sat on one end of the veranda and
was finishing her toilet in the sun. Even the sparrows in this peaceful
weather forgot that they were birds of air, and fell from the trees and
were wrestling noisily on the ground. Only the pussy’s move broke up
their sport. By this time we were very near the end of our business.
Turning from the sparrows, my woman glanced at me and sat for a moment
transfixed with the awful sight I presented. There I was with my
cheeks and nose all besmeared with brown soy, stretching my sticky
hands in a helpless attitude, and licking my mouth by way of variation.
She now broke into laughter and was scrambling on the floor, weak with
merriment. But my mute appeal was too eloquent; indeed, I was all ready
to shed tears with an utter sense of helplessness when she hastened to
bring a wet towel and wipe my face and hands clean and nice, with,
“Oh, my poor Bot’chan!”

[Illustration: A JAPANESE HOUSE.]




CHAPTER II

AT HOME

    Introduction--Dinner--Rice--Turning to Cows--A Bamboo Dragon-fly--A
    Watermelon Lantern--On a Rainy Evening--The Story of a Badger.


Our family consisted of father, mother, grandmother, and two children
besides myself, at the time when I was six years old. I don’t remember
exactly what business my father was in, but my impression is that he
had no particular one. He had been trained for the old samurai and
devoted most of his youthful days to fencing, riding, and archery.
But by the time he had come of age, that training was of no use to
him professionally, because, as quickly as you can turn the palm of
your hand, Japan went through a wonderful change from the old feudal
régime to the era of new civilization. So my father, and many, many
others like him, were just in mid-air, so to speak, being thrown out of
their proper sphere, but unable to settle as yet to the solid ground
and adapt themselves to new ways. My mother came also of the samurai
stock, and, like most of her class, kept in her cabinet a small sword
beautifully ornamented in gold work, with which she was ready to defend
her honor whenever obliged to. But far from being mannish, she was
as meek as a lamb, and was devoted to my father and her children. My
grandmother was of a retiring nature and I cannot draw her very much
into my narrative. But she was very good to everybody, and her daily
work, so far as I can remember, was to take a walk around the farm
every morning. She was so regular in this habit that I cannot think
of her without associating her with the scent of the dewy morning and
with the green of the field which stretched before her. She died not
many years after, but I often wonder if she is really dead. To me
she is still living, and what the great poet said of Lucy Gray sounds
peculiarly true in her case, too.

  “--Yet some maintain that to this day
    She is a living child;
  That you may see sweet Lucy Gray
    Upon the lonesome wild.

  “O’er rough and smooth she trips along,
    And never looks behind;
  And sings a solitary song
    That whistles in the wind.”

Only you would have to make Lucy seventy years old to fit my
grandmother.

The introduction being over, let us attend a dinner, or rather
give attention to a description of one. We do not eat at one large
dining-table with chairs around it. We each have a separate small table
about a foot and a half square, all lacquered red, green, or black, and
sit before it on our heels. A rice bucket, a teapot, some saucers, a
bottle of soy, and so forth, are all placed near some one who is to
specially serve us. We used to sit in two rows, father and grandmother
facing each other, mother next to father, with the young sister
opposite my brother and myself. The younger children usually sit next
to some older person who can help them in eating. No grace was said,
but I always bowed to my elders before I began with “itadakimasu” (I
take this with thanks), which I sometimes said when I was very hungry,
as a good excuse and signal to start eating before the others.

Rice is our staple food and an almost reverential attitude toward it
as the sustainer of our life is entertained by the people. And I was
told time and again not to waste it. Once a maid, so my mother used to
tell me, was very careless in cleaning rice before it was cooked. She
dropped lots of grains on the stone floor under the sink day after day,
and never stopped to pick them up. One day, when she wanted to clean
the floor, she was frightened half to death by finding there ever so
many white serpents straining their necks at her. She really fainted
when the goddess of the kitchen appeared to her in her trance and bade
her to take all those white serpents in a basket and wash them clean.
As she came to herself, she did as she was told, trembling with horror
at touching such vile things, some of which, indeed, would try to coil
themselves around her hands. But as the last pailful of water was
poured on them, lo! what were serpents a moment ago were now all turned
into nice grains of rice ready to be boiled. Now if there is one thing
in the world I hate, it is a serpent; the mere mention of it makes my
flesh creep. So you see I took care to pitch every grain of boiled rice
into my mouth with my chop-sticks before I left my table.

Another story was told me concerning the meal. The Japanese teach home
discipline by stories, you know. This was a short one, being merely
the statement that if anybody lies down on the floor soon after he
has eaten his meal, he will turn into a cow. Now a number of times I
had found cows chewing their cuds while stretched upon the ground. So
I thought, in my childish mind, that there must be some mysterious
connection between each of the three in the order as they stand:
eating--lying down--cow. So, naturally, I avoided the second process,
and, after eating, immediately ran out-of-doors to see what our man,
Kichi, was doing.

Kichi worked on our little farm, and I usually found him cleaning his
implements after the day’s work. We were great friends, and he used
to present me with toys of his own making, which were very simple but
indeed a marvel to me. Once he picked up a piece of bamboo and made a
chip of it about a twelfth of an inch thick, a third of an inch wide,
and three inches and a half long. Then he sliced obliquely one-half
of one side and the other half of the same side in the opposite
direction, so that the edges might be made thin. He also bored a small
hole in the middle and put in a stick about twice as thick as a hairpin
and about four inches long, the sliced side being down. He then cut off
the projecting end of the stick, when it was tight in the chip. The
dragon-fly was now ready to take flight. He took the stick between his
palms and gave a twist, when lo! it flew away up in the air.

I was delighted with the toy, and tried several times to make it fly.
But when I used all my force and gave it a good long twist, why, it
took such a successful flight that it hit the edge of the comb of our
straw roof and stuck there, never to come down. I was very sorry at
that, but Kichi laughed at the feat the dragon-fly had performed, and
said that the maker was so skilful that the toy turned out to be a real
living thing! It was perched there for the night. Well, I admired his
skill very much, but did not want to lose my toy in that way. So I
made him promise me to make another the next day, reminding him not to
put too much skill in it.

It was summer, the season of watermelons. We had a small melon patch
and an ample supply of the fruit. Here was a chance for Kichi to try
his skill again. One evening he took a pretty round melon and scooped
the inside out so as to put in a lighted candle. So far this was
very ordinary. He scraped the inner part until the rind was fairly
transparent, and then cut a mouth, a nose, and eyes with eyebrows
sticking out like pins. He then painted them so that when the candle
was lighted a monster of a melon was produced. How triumphant a boy
would feel in possessing such a thing! I hung it on the veranda that
evening when the room was weirdly lighted by one or two greenish paper
lanterns, and watched it with my folks. I expressed my admiration for
Kichi’s skill, and with boyish fondness for exaggeration mentioned
the fact that a toy dragon-fly of his making had really turned out
to be a living thing. All laughed, but of course I made an effort to
be serious. But no sooner were we silent than, without the slightest
hint, the melon angrily dropped down with a crash. I screamed, but,
being assured of its safety, I approached it and found the skull of
the monster was badly fractured, in fact, one piece of it flying some
twenty feet out in the garden. The next morning I took the first
opportunity to tell Kichi that his toy was so skilfully made that it
sought death of its own accord.

Well, I started to tell what I did evenings, but when it was wet I
had a very tedious time. Nothing is more dismal to a boy than a rainy
day. To lie down was to become a cow. So one rainy evening I opened
the screen, and, standing, looked out at the rain. But this was no
fun. The only alternative was to go to one of the rooms. Now there
is no chair in a Japanese house, and to sit over one’s heels is too
ceremonial, not to say a bit trying, even for a Japanese child. So
my legs unconsciously collapsed, and there I was lying on my back,
singing aloud some songs I had learned. Presently I began to look at
the unpainted ceiling, and traced the grain. And is it not wonderful
that out of knots and veins of wood you can make figures of some living
things? Yes, I traced a man’s face, one eye much larger than the other.
Then, I had a cat. Now I began to trace a big one with a V-shaped face.
A cow! The idea ran through me with the swiftness of lightning, and
the next moment I sprang to my feet and shook myself to see if I had
undergone any transformation. Luckily, I was all right. But to make the
thing sure, I felt of my forehead carefully to see if anything hard was
coming out of it.

The room now lost its attraction. And I ran away to the room where my
grandmother was. Opening the screen, I said:

“Grandma!”

“Well, Bô?”

“May I come in? I want you to tell me the story of a badger, grandma.”

I was never tired of hearing the same stories over and over again from
my grandmother. There was at some distance a tall tree, shooting up
like an arrow to the sky, which was visible from a window of her room.
It was there that the badger of her story liked to climb. One early
evening he was there with the cover of an iron pot, which he made with
his magic power appear like a misty moon. Now a farmer, who was still
working in the field, chanced to see it, and was surprised to find
that it was already so late. He could tell the hour from the position
of the moon, you know. So he made haste to finish his work, and was
going home, when another moon, the real one this time, peeped out of
the wood near by. The badger, however, had too much faith in his art
to withdraw his mock moon, and held it there to rival the newly risen
one. The farmer was astonished to find two moons at the same time, but
he was not slow to see which was real. He smiled at the trick of the
badger, and now wanted to outwit him. He approached the tree stealthily
and shook it with all his might. The badger was not prepared for this.
Losing his balance, he dropped down to the ground, moon and all, and
had to run for his life, for the farmer was right after him with his
hoe.

I laughed and grandma laughed, too, over her own story, when the paper
screen was suddenly brightened.

“The badger’s moon!” I cried, and climbed up to my grandmother.

“Yes, I am a badger,” said a voice, as the door was opened. And there
stood my mother with a paper lantern she had brought for the room.




CHAPTER III

THE VILLAGE SCHOOL

    A Mimic School--Preparations--The School--How Classes
    Are Conducted--Out of Tune--A Moral Story--School
    Discipline--Playthings--“Knife Sense.”


At the age of six I was sent to school. For some time before the
fall opening, I was filled with excitement and curiosity and looked
forward to the day with great impatience. As our neighbors were few and
scattered and I did not have many playmates, I wondered how I should
feel on coming in contact with so many boys, most of whom were older
than I. And then there was study. I had a faint idea what a learned
scholar such as Confucius was, and felt as if a plunge into school a
day or two would half convert me into that obscure ideal. Weeks before,
I insisted on having a mimic school at home to prepare myself a little
for the august event, and with my mother as teacher I learned the
numerals and the forty-eight letters of the Japanese alphabet by heart.
I wished to do just as I would at school, and so I used to go outdoors
and with measured steps approach the porch. Entering the house, I sat
down before a table and bowed reverentially. When my mother was there
before me, I cheerfully began to study, well, for five minutes or so,
but when I found her not quite ready I was mercilessly thrown out of
humor, and only her exaggerated bows for apology would induce me to dry
my sorrowful tears.

The few days before the opening of the school were taken for my
preparation. I needed copy-books, a slate, an abacus, which is a frame
strung with wires on which are wooden beads to be moved in counting
and reckoning, and a small writing-box, containing a stone ink-well,
a cake of India ink, a china water-vessel, and brushes. I must have
also a round lunch set, the three pieces of which can be piled one
upon another like a miniature pagoda, and then, when empty, be put one
within another to reduce the size. A pair of chop-sticks went with
the set of course. Now all must be purchased new as if everything had
a new start. And then a new school suit was procured together with a
navy cap. These were all ready a day before, and were exhibited on the
alcove.

My younger brother was possessed of the school mania at the sight of
these last, and insisted that he would have his set, too. And so mimic
ones were procured, and these formed a second row together with his
holiday suit.

And then came the night before I was to go. I played the part of a
watch-dog by sleeping right near my property. In fact, I went to bed
early, but I could not sleep till after everybody had retired for
the night. And then I dreamed that my abacus stood up, its beads
chattering on how to start the trip in the morning. It was joined by
the copy-book, made of soft, Japanese paper, which parted hither and
thither in walking, as a lady’s skirt,--a Japanese lady’s, I mean. The
chairman was my navy cap. I did not know how they decided, but they
must have come to a peaceful agreement, as they were found, when I
awoke in the morning, exactly in the same place, lying quiet.

The next morning I set out with my father for the school. The faces of
every one in the house were at the door looking at me. I made every
effort to be dignified in walking, but could not help looking back just
once, when my face relaxed into a smile, and I felt suddenly very shy.
But as I heard my younger brother struggling to get away from my mother
to follow me, I hastened my steps to turn round a corner of the road.

The school was a low, dark-looking building, with paper-screened
windows all around like a broad white belt, and with a spacious porch
with dusty shelves to leave clogs on. When we arrived, we were led into
a side room, where we met the master or principal, and soon my father
returned home, leaving me to his care. I felt somewhat lonesome with
strangers all around, but kept myself as cool as possible, which effort
was very much like stopping a leak with the hands. A slight neglect
would bring something misty into my eyes. But now all the boys--and
girls, too, in the other room--came into one large room. Some forty of
the older ones and fifteen of those who had newly entered took their
seats, the older ones glancing curiously at the newcomers. But we were
all in back seats and so were not annoyed with looks that would have
been felt piercing us from behind. The desk I was assigned to was a
miserable one; not only was it besmeared with ink ages old, but cuts
were made here and there as if it were a well-fought battleground. But
I did not feel ashamed to sit there, as I thought that this was a kind
of place in which a Confucius was to be brought up.

Looking awhile on what was going on, I found the boys were divided into
three classes. The method of teaching was curious; one class alone
was allowed to have a reading lesson, while the other two were having
writing or arithmetic, that is, the teaching was so arranged that what
one class was doing might not disturb the others. I was struck, even in
my boyish mind, with the happy method, and learned the first lesson in
management. And then reading was done partly in unison with the master,
in a singsong style, and the effect was pleasing, if it was not very
loud. The class in arithmetic, on the other hand, sent out a pattering
noise of pencils on the slates, which in a confused mass would form
an overtone of the orchestra. A writing lesson taken in the midst of
such a company was never tiresome. Indeed, anything out of tune would
send the whole house into laughter, and such things were constantly
happening.

[Illustration: A JAPANESE SCHOOL SCENE.]

I was not slow in becoming acquainted with the boys. As I went into the
playground for the first time, I felt rather awkward to find nobody to
play with. But soon two boys whom I knew thrust themselves before me
and uncovered their heads. And from that moment the playground became
a place of great interest to me. Two friends grew into five, eight,
ten, and fifteen, and in three days I felt as if I possessed the whole
ground.

As things grew more familiar, I found almost every boy was striving
a little bit to be out of tune. When singsong reading was going on,
pupils echoing responsively the teacher’s voice, some wild boy would
suddenly redouble his effort with gusto, and his voice, like that of a
strangled chicken, would soar away up, to the great merriment of the
rest. And then often a boy, whose mind was occupied with a hundred
and one things except the book, engaged in some sly communication
with another, unconscious of the teacher’s approach, when he would
literally jump into the air as the master’s whip descended sharply
on his desk. We sat by twos on benches, and when one boy saw his
companion carelessly perching on the end of the bench, just right for
experimenting the principle of the lever, he would not miss a moment
to stand up, presumably to ask some question. But no sooner had he
called to the teacher, than the other fellow would shoot down to the
floor with a cry, and the bench come back with a tremendous noise. But
this was not all. When the boys could not find a pretense to make a
noise, they would stealthily paint their faces with writing brushes.
Two touches would be enough to grow a thick mustache curling up to
the ears. When the teacher faced a dozen of those mustache-wearing
boys who were unable to efface their naughty acts as quickly as they
had committed them, he could do nothing but to burst into undignified
laughter.

One day a strange method of discipline was instituted. The teacher
must have been at a loss to bring the urchins to behave well. It was
the last hour, the only hour, I think, the boys kept quiet. They did
so partly because the course bore the great name of ethics, but more
because moral stories were told. And the boys did not care whether the
stories were moral or not, as long as they were interesting. Here is
one of the twenty-four Chinese stories that teach filial duty:

There was once a boy by the name of Ching who had an old mother. He was
a good boy, and did what he could to please her. The mother, however,
often asked for things hard to get. One day in winter she wanted some
carp for her dinner. It was very cold, and the lake where Ching used to
fish was all frozen. What could he do? He, however, went to the lake,
looked about the place to find out where the ice was not thick, and,
baring himself about his stomach, lay flat to thaw it. It was a very
difficult thing to do, but at last the ice gave way, and to his great
joy, from the crevice thus made, a big carp jumped out into the air. So
he could satisfy his mother’s want.

Not only the boys who listened intently, but also the teacher, got
interested as the story grew to the climax, and the latter would
gesticulate and eventually impersonate the dutiful boy, showing
surprise at seeing a carp jumping ten feet into the air. This called
forth laughter which was meant for applause. But the teacher soon came
to himself and called silence. One day, after telling this story, he
said that it was yet half an hour before the time to close, but he
would dismiss us. “But,” he continued, “you can go only one by one,
beginning with those who are quiet and good. This is to train you for
your orderly conduct in study-hours, and if any one cannot keep quiet,
even for half an hour, he shall stay in his place till he can do so.”
This was a severe test. An early dismissal, even of five minutes before
the time, had a special charm for boys, but to-day we could march out
half an hour earlier. And then what a lovely day it was in autumn! The
warm sun was bright, and the trees were ablaze with golden leaves.
Persimmons were waiting for us to climb up and feast on them. After
a moment the boys were as still as night. One by one a “good” boy
was called to leave; they went like lambs to the door, but no sooner
were they out, than some stamped on the stairs noisily and shouted
and laughed on the green, which act showed that the teacher did not
always pick the right ones. I naturally waited my turn with impatience.
I thought I was a pretty good boy. At least I had Confucius for my
ideal, and those who had it were not many. I never did mischief, except
once, and that was really an accident. I dropped my lunch-box in my
arithmetic class, and chased it, as it had rolled off quite a distance.
Half the school laughed at me, and that was all. I was now musing on my
ill-luck when a call came to me at last. It was still a quarter of an
hour before closing time, and I thought the teacher knew me, after all.

Within a month after I entered the school, I made a new discovery as
to a schoolboy’s equipments. I had thought that they consisted only
of books, copy-books, an abacus, and such things. But these form only
a half of them. The other half are hidden to view: they are in the
pockets, or in the sleeves, I should have said. During the recess a
strong cord will come out and also a top about two and a half inches in
diameter, and with an iron ring a quarter of an inch thick. A Japanese
top is a mad thing. When it sings out of the hands and hits that of
the opponent, sending it off crippled, it makes you feel very happy.
Another thing is a sling. It is as old as the time of David, but it
was perfectly new to me. When a pebble shoots out and vanishes in the
air, you feel as though you were able to hit a kite circling away up in
the sky. And another thing! It is a knife, the broad-bladed one. With
it they cut a piece one and a half feet long out of a thick branch of
a tree and sharpen one end of it. Selecting a piece of soft ground,
the boys in turn drive in their own pieces and try to knock over the
others. The game depends much on one’s strength and the kind of wood
one selects. But there is a pleasure in possessing a cruel branch that
will knock off three or four pieces at a blow. Oh, for a knife and a
top! I thought. I disclosed the matter to my mother, who thought a
top was all right and bought me one. But as for the knife, she gave
me a small one, fit only to sharpen a pencil with. I felt ashamed (I
blush to confess, though) even to show it to my schoolmates. If I had
had money, I would have given my all just for a knife. But money was
a mean thing; the possession of it was the root of all evil--so it
was thought, and, indeed, I was penniless. But I must have a decent
knife--decent among boys. If I could only get one I would give my
Confucius for it.

One day I saw my Kichi--we had kept up our meeting ever since. I talked
to him about a knife. He did not tell me how I could get one because
I talked only about what the possession of a good knife would mean to
a boy. It was a rather general remark, but I disliked to go right to
the point. It would be too much to presume on his kindness, you know.
And then I rather wanted him to offer. He, however, produced his own
favorite knife and cut a thick piece of deal right away to show how
sharp it was. Well, I thought he had a knife sense, anyway. So I kept
talking about it day after day, and each time I talked of it he showed
me his, and tried it on a piece of wood.

One day there was a town festival and in the evening I was allowed to
go with Kichi to see it. Kichi’s manner that night was very strange;
he appeared as if he had a chestful of gold. He asked me in a fatherly
manner what I liked, and said he could buy me all the booths if I
wished him to. I never felt so happy as then. I thought my patience had
conquered him at last. And to make a long story short, I came to own a
splendid knife, better than any other boy’s at the school! That night I
slept with it under the pillow.

The next morning the first thing I did was to go to thank Kichi.

“Hello, Kichi,” I shouted. “Thank you very much for the knife.”

“Oh, good morning, Bot’chan. Let me see your knife,” he said. “But I am
sorry that I played a joke on you last night. It was your mother who
paid for it. You must go and thank her for it.”

“Well, never!” I gasped. But being told how she handed him the money
when we started, I gave him a slap--a mild one, though--on his face
and ran immediately to my mother, thinking that after all she had
something more than a mere knife sense.




CHAPTER IV

IN TOKYO

    Where We Settled--A Police
    Stand--Stores--“Broadway”--Illumination--The Foreign Settlement.


About two years after I entered the village school I had to leave it
for good and all. My father, as I have said, was in mid-air between the
heaven of old Japan and the prosaic earth of the new institution. He
would fain have remained there, had he had a pillar of gold to support
him. And it is wonderful to see how this glittering pillar does support
one in almost any place. It was a very serious matter for him to launch
in the new current without any helpful equipment. But he had to do it,
and made up his mind to try his fortune at the very centre of the new
civilization, Tokyo. And so one day we said good-by to our friends
who came to see us off, and started for the capital. “Parting is such
sweet sorrow,” as the poet sang, but I hardly remember now whether I
shed tears or not. As I, however, look back to the day, I cannot but be
grateful for the new move, for the immeasurable benefit it brought at
least to us children.

In Tokyo we settled very near where my aunt lived. The street was
by no means in a noisy quarter, but I can hardly think of anywhere
in the city which was so well situated for being in contact with so
many places of interest, at least for a boy just from the country. It
was near to the “Broadway” of Tokyo, and just as near to the foreign
settlement and to the railroad station, the only one of the kind in the
city in those days. And if I wanted a touch of the old order of things,
there was a big temple, a block on the east, which made its presence
known to the forgetful people by striking a big bell every evening. I
cannot say they rang the bell, because the bells at Buddhist temples
do not chime, but boom. They are so big--bigger than a siege-gun. I
liked the sound very much, as it brought to me like a dream the vision
of a hillside sleeping under the setting sun. But I must not forget to
mention a large piece of grassy ground very near us, where we could
romp, fly kites, or play at a tug-of-war.

Now the first thing I did when I came to the new place was to
familiarize myself with the neighborhood for the sake of running
errands, or just to keep myself informed. First I started eastward and
turned the corner to the left, where I found a wee bit of a house, or
rather a box, six feet by nine, where two policemen were stationed. It
was the first time I had ever seen any of them, and I thought they were
a queer sort of people, who looked at me suspiciously whenever I looked
at them in that way. But I thought as long as I did not do anything
wrong, they would have no reason for coming at me. I also had great
faith that if a thief should break into our house, they would soon come
to our help. So I made several trials to see how quickly I could cover
the distance to give them notice. They must have thought me a strange
boy as I came panting to the police stand and stopped short to look at
the clock inside.

A little beyond began the market. First a grocery store, then a fish
stall, a bean-cake shop, and so on. I remember that the house I most
frequented was a sweet potato store. I could get five or six nice hot
baked pieces for a penny. And how I liked them! At regular intervals
fresh ones were ready and we waited for them, falling into a line.
When we got as much as we wanted, we would run a race lest they
should get too cold. At the end of the street, just opposite a tall
fire-ladder, standing erect and with a bell on the top, was a big meat
store. Beef, pork, everything, they had, and sometimes I found a bill
posted saying, “Mountain Whale, To-day.” Whatever that might be, I
never cared to eat such doubtful things. You never tried sea-horse or
sea-elephant, did you?

Then, going in another direction from my house, I made my way to
“Broadway.” I first crossed a bridge which spanned a canal and came
to an object of much interest. It was a telegraph-pole. I was never
able to count the wires on it unless I did it by the help of a
multiplication table, as there were so many of them, coming from all
parts of the country to the central station. A strange thing about
them was that they sang. When I put my ear to the pole, even on a
windless day, I could hear a number of soft voices wailing, as it were.
I thought they must come from messages running on the wires, many of
which were indeed too sad to describe. And then there was something
which made me think that boys in that vicinity had a very hard
time. Many a time I saw kites with warriors’ faces painted on them,
entangled in the wires. The faces which looked heroic, now seemed only
grinning furiously for agony! But I must not be musing on such things,
for if I did not take care in that crowded thoroughfare, a jinrikisha
man would come dashing from behind with “Heigh, there!” which took the
breath out of a country boy.

[Illustration: THE JAPANESE “BROADWAY.”]

Broadway was built after a foreign style,--I don’t know which
country’s, though. There were sidewalks with willow-trees,--and there
are no sidewalks in ordinary Japanese roads,--and brick houses, two
stories high, and with no basement. Horse-cars were running, but they
would not be on the track after ten in the evening. Many jinrikishas
were running, too, and some half a dozen of them were waiting for
customers at each corner. But not a shadow of a cab was to be seen
anywhere. To tell the truth, I never thought of finding one then, its
existence in the world being unknown to me at that time. There were a
good many wonders in store for me in the shops, and I never grew
tired of inspecting them. One curious thing was that here and there
at the notion stores boys were playing hand-organs, probably to draw
customers in. So I thought, anyway, and every time I passed I obliged
them awhile by listening to their music. As I strolled on, I came
across a sign with “Shiruko” in large letters on it. Shiruko is a sort
of pudding, made of sweet bean sauce and rice dumpling, and served hot.
To be sure, it made my mouth water, but I went on reading a bill over
the wall. There were twelve varieties of shiruko, it said, styled after
the names of the months, and any one who could finish eating all of
them at one time, would get a prize besides the return of the price!
How I wished that I had a big stomach!

The sight of Broadway was prettier in the evening, when the sidewalks
would be lined with hundreds of stalls. I shall have occasion to
describe them later, and so let me now mention one thing which I
never remember without a smile. It was an illumination on a holiday
evening--not of the whole street, but of only one building, and that of
two stories, I remember. It was a newspaper office. And as newspapers
are always giving us something new, this building, I think, awoke one
morning to give us what was very new at that time. It girdled itself
just once with an iron pipe half an inch in diameter, which twisted
itself into some characters in the front, and awaited a holiday
evening. The paper advertised that everybody should come to see how
they were going to celebrate the holiday evening. So the whole city
turned out, and all my folks, too. Hand-organs in the stores around
began a concert, and people waited with their mouths open. The time
came, and lights were seen running from both ends like serpents,
closing up in the centre. Wonder of wonders! “DAILY NEWS OFFICE” in
gaslight appeared!

I must tell you one more adventure I had, and that was an excursion
into the foreign settlement. As I came to the city I met with a
foreigner once in a while. I wondered how I should feel if I but
plunged into their crowd and spoke with them, if possible. So one day,
with a curious mind, I started for the place where the foreigners lived
together, about a mile from my home. As I neared the settlement I made
several discoveries. First, the houses looked very prim and square,
straight up and down, painted white, or in some light color. When
viewed from a distance they looked as if they were so many gravestones
in a temple yard. Unfortunately, it was the only comparison that
occurred to a country boy. As I looked again, I found out another fact.
That was, that while Japanese houses were nestling under the trees,
foreign houses were above them. In fact, there was nothing more than
low bushes around the houses. So my conclusion was that foreigners
lived in gravestone-like houses, and did not like tall trees, being
tall themselves, perhaps. As I entered a street I found everything
just contrary to my expectation. Streets were deserted instead of
being thronged; only one or two people and a dog were seen crossing.
I went on, when, as luck would have it, I neared a Catholic temple
from which two men, or women,--I could not distinguish which,--dressed
in black, with hoods of the same color, came! How dismal, I thought,
and immediately took to my heels till I came to another part of the
street where the houses faced the sea. I wanted to see a boy or a girl,
anyway, if I could not find a crowd. As I looked I saw something white
at one of the gates, and what was my delight when I found it to be a
little girl! I approached her, but not very near, as we could not talk
to each other. I just kept at an admiring distance. I stood there, one
eye on her and the other on the sea, lest I should drive her in by
looking at her with both my eyes, and began to examine her. What a
pretty creature she was! With her face white as a lily and her cheeks
pink as a cherry flower, she stood there watching me. Her light hair
was parted, a blue ribbon being tied on one side like a butterfly. She
had on a white muslin dress with a belt to match the ribbon, but what
was my astonishment to find that I could not see any dress beyond her
knees! I could not believe it at first, but the dress stopped short
there, and the slender legs, covered with something black,--I did not
care what,--were shooting out. Might not some malicious person have cut
it so? “Oh, please, for mercy’s sake, cover them,” was my thought. “I
don’t care if you have a long dress, the skirt trailing on the ground.”
But was I mistaken in my standard of criticism? I looked at myself,
and, sure enough, my kimono reached down to my feet!




CHAPTER V

MY NEW SCHOOL

    Tomo-chan--The Men with Wens--A Curious Punishment--How I
    Experienced It--Kotoro-kotoro.


Of course I attended another school as soon as we were settled. And
every morning I went with my Tomo-chan.

But I must tell you who Tomo-chan was. She--yes, _she_--was the adopted
daughter of my aunt, of about the same age as I, and in the same class
at school. I wish I had space enough to tell you how she came to be
adopted, but I shall have to be contented just with telling you that
the main cause of her becoming a member of my aunt’s family was all
through me. Aunty had no child, but she had found how lovely a child
is, even if he be mischievous, through my short visit two years before,
which I have had no occasion to tell you about. Now one of the first
principles in physics says that nature abhors a vacuum. This means that
it is unnatural for a place to have nothing in it. I had gone back: who
was to fill my place? So Tomo-chan, a better and certainly prettier
child than I, slipped into my shoes.

Aunty wished us to be good friends. So I called on her every morning
on my way to school, and in the afternoon we went over our lesson
together. Arithmetic was not very hard for me, and so I helped her over
pitfalls of calculation, while she did the same for me with reading.
Girls remember very well, but do not care to reason things out, it
seems. And indeed, Tomo-chan remembered even the number of mistakes I
made in reading. Now what one can do in half a day, two can accomplish
in half an hour, was the philosophy that came to me from our case; for
our drudgery was over in no time, and we were going through Tomo-chan’s
treasure of nice pictures and books of fairy-tales. There was a
picture in one of the books of an old man with a wen on his cheek,
dancing before a crowd of demons and goblins. “Look here, what is
this?” I asked. She laughed at the picture and would not tell me about
it till she had thoroughly enjoyed laughing. That is the way of a girl.
But with “O dear!” she started thus:

“One day, this old man with a wen happened to fall into a crowd of
those ugly monsters, and was made to dance. He danced very well, and so
was asked to come again the next day. The goblins wanted something for
a pledge for his keeping his word and so removed the wen from the man’s
cheek. The old man was very glad to part with it, and went home, when
he met another man with a wen.” She turned the leaf to show another
picture. This time the new man was dancing before the weird crowd.
“You see, this man was told how he could remove his wen, and is now
showing his skill before them to induce them to ask for the pledge. But
he did not have any practice at all in dancing and so was just jumping
round. And the goblins got angry over his deceit, and sent him back
with the wen that the old man had left.” Turning the leaf, “Here he is
with wens on both his cheeks!”

She laughed again, and I could not help laughing with her, too. At this
moment some one was coming up the stairs.

“Why, is this the way you study your lesson?”

It was aunty who entered the room as she said: “I am surprised at you.”
And she laid down a tray with a teapot and cups and a dish of cakes on
it. The sight made us happy all at once, and Tomo-chan explained to her
how soon we had finished our study.

“Why, Ei-chan helped me in arithmetic, so we finished a long, long time
ago.”

“Well, Ei-chan is a good boy, isn’t he?” said aunty. Boys feel awkward
to be well spoken of to their face, and my speech failed me somehow.
By the way, I was no longer “Bot’chan.”

The school I found much larger and finer than the village one. The
pupils numbered ten times more. Each class had its own room, and boys
and girls marched in and out in procession every hour. It was so much
more orderly and systematic than the village school that there was less
of “out-of-tune” matter. But then there was one thing that puzzled me.
It was that often a boy was seen standing in the hallway with a bowl of
water in his hands. Sometimes he stood there motionless until the class
was all dismissed. But I was not slow to divine the cause. What puzzled
me was the question: “How could that be the best form of punishment?”
While a boy stood there he need not attend the class. That was
certainly easy for an idle boy. And then there was no pain to endure.
As to the holding of a bowl, why, did I not hold my bowl of rice every
meal and not know even if it was heavy or light? But another solution
suggested itself to me; it might have the same effect on the offender
as wearing a cap with “I am a Fool,” written on it. He stood there, and
everybody thought he was a bad boy. “It might be, it might be,” I said,
congratulating myself on the happy solution, when a crow that had just
alighted on a branch of the elm by the gate repeated, “It might be!” I
threw a stone at him without thinking that it was a violation of the
school rule, and, if discovered, I might have undergone the punishment.

At any rate, I was destined, it appeared, to undergo the punishment
once at least. And it happened in this way.

At this school, boys were not allowed to carry iron tops or even
hand-balls. There were too many of them, and if they should all indulge
in these sports, there would be constant danger of breaking their legs
or knocking their noses off. So comparatively harmless footballs were
provided. Now, one noon recess, ten of us wanted to have a game. We
were divided into parties of five and played. Of course we had no rules
to go by, but tried to carry the ball within the enemy’s lines by every
means. One time we fumbled furiously near the building, and, in the
heat of our tackling, one fellow seized the ball and kicked it without
minding in which direction he was aiming. If he had had less skill the
ball would have gone only over the roof and dropped on the head of a
jinrikisha man running on the other street. But as it was, it went
madly against a window-pane and smashed it all to pieces. What a noise
it made! For a minute it made all the boys and girls playing on the
ground keep quite still. And in this awful suspense a teacher appeared
and caught the five, I among the number, who were still in the position
of fumbling, together with the poor fellow who did the kicking, and
who stood dazed, unable to recover as yet from the shock of his late
experience. I didn’t know how the other four escaped being caught, but
I was glad that they did.

There was no question in the teacher’s mind but that all six should
be exhibited in the hallway, and so we were made to stand there, each
holding a bowl of water. Now I had an ample opportunity to learn every
significance of this form of punishment. Naturally, we felt merry
at first. In the first place, there was something unreasonable and
ludicrous in the way at least five of us came to stand there. And then
when you have companions in your bad luck, you feel surely light of
heart. And so we did. But when fifteen, thirty minutes passed, our legs
got to be stiff and the weightless bowls began to weigh very much in
our hands. Indeed, the slightest inclination would spill the water!
But why did we not drink some of it, you may say? Well, we should have
done it, but we knew that it must all be there when the teacher came.
Forty-five minutes, and the bell rang for the dismissal. All the boys
and girls poured out, leaving us alone. Ah, that is the saddest moment
for any schoolboy, for after that the school is dismal as a prison.
Fifteen minutes more, and all the teachers, except the one in charge of
us, were gone. None of us dared to look up, our heads being bent with
extreme sorrow. Presently a weak-minded fellow dropped his china and
cried out. It was not I, but we were all ready to follow his example,
when the teacher came out, and, removing the bowls, read us a lecture
before sending us home.

We lost our courage, even to run out of the school compound, but
dragged slowly home. But when I turned the first corner whom should I
meet but my Tomo-chan?

“Why, Tomo-chan!” I looked at her in surprise.

“I could not go home without you. So I waited for you. But isn’t it a
shame for teacher to punish you without your deserving it?” she said.

“We did not want to let Takeda suffer alone, you know.”

My answer was a surprise even to me. Of course, I did not think to the
contrary, but I was not impressed with the significance of it till I
put it into words and--to her. It came as a new thought to me. Our
hearts became light, the thing was forgotten, and only the prospect
of the fine time we should have that golden afternoon in late summer
occupied our minds.

“Come along,” I said. “Let’s go to the field!”

And we hastened on briskly, and, throwing our things into our houses on
the way, went to the field, green with cool, cushion-like grass. About
a dozen boys and girls were already waiting for us, and we just jumped
among them.

“What shall we play?” said one.

“Let’s have Kotoro-kotoro,” suggested another.

“That’s fun!” all shouted.

To play the game, we must first select from the boys one “chief” to
protect his “sons and daughters,” and one “imp” to catch them. The boys
stand in a circle and are ready to say “Jan-ken-pon,” and to hammer
with their fists. At “pon” you make one of three shapes with your hand.
When your hand is spread, that denotes a sheet of paper; when two
fingers only are stretched, that means a pair of scissors; and when
your hand is held closed, it signifies a stone. A sheet of paper can be
cut by scissors, but the latter is ineffectual on a stone. But a stone
can be wrapped by a sheet of paper. Hence, each one can defeat one of
the rest, but is conquered by the other. To simplify the matter, you
can use only two of the three shapes. The one who wins at first is to
be the chief, the one who is ultimately defeated, the imp. So we began:
“Jan-ken-pon!”

Only three won. Then those three tried again.

“Jan-ken-pon!”

I won; and so was the chief. The rest went on jan-ken-ponning till the
imp was decided.

Now all except the imp held firmly each other’s belt on the back, in
a line, with me at the head. It is a pity you don’t have any belt on
your dress, and so play the sport. It is very convenient to us. Apart
from its use in sport, when we meet a robber, we throw him down by
jiu-jitsu, and, untying our belt, bind him up hand and foot! But to
return. I was ready with the imp in front and with my “little ones”
behind, like the body of a centipede. The imp could not touch me; he
could only seize any one behind. I stretched my arms, ran to and fro
to prevent the imp from getting round to my flanks. The line swayed,
rolled, jerked like a serpent in a rapid flight. And the motion would
all but throw weak-armed ones off their holds. But they merrily
persisted, and could have held on longer but for their mirth being
worked up too high by the very manner of the imp himself.

The boy who played that part was a born comedian. He loved his fun more
than his bread. Once in the midst of his supper he heard a man come
with a monkey dressed in a kimono. No sooner than he recognized that by
the sound of a drum, he threw away his chop-sticks, and, running out of
his house, danced all way up the street with the professional monkey
as his wondering spectator. Now in playing his part as the imp, he did
not go about it like an eagle intent on his prey. But he brought all
his talent into full play in every motion of his body, suggestive of
some grotesque form, heightened by a queer ejaculation. When, in his
series of performances, he imitated a pig, flapping his hands from his
head like large ears of the animal and grunting, Gr-r-r-r, Gr-r-r-r,
it caused everybody to burst into laughter. At this moment he made
a sudden turn, which caused such a jerk to the line, that, being
absent-minded from merriment, they were all thrown out of their hold,
each rolling on the grass, but still laughing at the grunting. The imp
could now jump at anybody for his prey, but as a true comedian, he also
rolled on the grass, laughing with the rest.




CHAPTER VI

CHINESE EDUCATION

    My Chinese Teacher--How I Was Taught--Versification--My Uncle--Clam
    Fishing--A Flatfish.


Some months after I entered the public school, my father came to a
conclusion that what was taught there was too modern to have enough
of culture value. My education had to be supplemented by the study of
Chinese classics. And his intention would have been of great benefit to
me if he had been equally wise in selecting a good private teacher. As
it was, I gained but a fraction of it, undergoing a hard struggle.

There lived a Chinese scholar near by, who was second to none in his
learning within three miles. Formerly he was a priest of Zen sect, the
Unitarian of Buddhism. As it was considered most laudable to a man
of his calling, he never ate fish or meat, and had two frugal meals a
day, taking only a cupful of starch and sugar in the evening, till he
came to lead a secular life. Starch and sugar!--so he must have come to
have such white hair, I thought. Anyway, the snowy mass heightened the
expression of his earnest face, rather youthful for a man of sixty. He
was, indeed, the classic itself; the rhythm of it seemed to be ringing
in his veins, whether awake or asleep. And he delighted in nothing so
much as to eat his dinner listening to the clear-voiced chanting of
boys reviewing their lesson, as if they were minstrels entertaining at
a king’s feast! And, of course, I was sent to him.

I started from the beginning, which was, indeed, no beginning at all.
The Chinese sages did not write their scriptures as graded school
text-books, but their descendants believed so, anyhow. Genesis was the
genesis of successful mastery. And so I began with that great sentence
in the “Book of Great Learning:”

  “Learning is a gateway to virtue.”

I envy those boys who tore Chinese authors, and whose books, when taken
to a second-hand bookstore, were not bought even for a penny. My books
were, on the contrary, just as clean as ever, as if they had been too
loath to impart anything to the owner. And this was not from any effort
on my part to take care of them, but simply from the little use I
made of them. Now this was the way I studied them. Teacher would read
with me about four pages in advance, and see once how I could read. I
stuck; he prompted me; I stuck again; he prompted me again; I stuck for
the third time, and for the third time he prompted me, and so on, and
indeed continually, if I had gone on till I had thoroughly mastered
it. But one review seemed to him sufficient for such _easy_ passages,
and my boyish heart responded too gladly to be released after a short
lesson. And I laid my book by till the next day. I did not know how the
teacher regarded me, but he must have thought me a very bright fellow
for whom such a slow process as review was totally unnecessary. And
he immediately took up the next four pages and went on in the usual
manner. The first book was finished; the teacher’s instinct asserted
itself, and he wanted me to read a few pages by way of a test before I
proceeded. What a shame! I only recognized a box here and a starfish
there, and that was all. The teacher was angry at the result. He saw
that I was not prepared yet to take up the classics. And with his
admirable pedagogical insight, he sent me to a primer the very next
day. It was a Japanese history, written in easy Chinese prose. How I
enjoyed the change! The passages rolled off on my tongue as easily as
you might say, “Mary had a little lamb.” The teacher smiled at my
ease, and soon recovered his humor. But his eyes were so constructed
as to see nothing but the top and the foot of a mountain, and his mind
worked like a spring-board, which either stays low or jumps high up.
And on the third day I was ordered to begin the second book of the
classics, called the “Doctrine of Mean!”

And I plodded on. I went through the “Book of Divination,” and “Odes of
Spring and Autumn,” and came out only with some phantoms of angular,
mysterious hieroglyphics dancing before my eyes. But my Chinese
education included something more than reading. It was versification.
Just think of requiring a ten-year-old boy to write verse in Latin or
Greek. But every Saturday I was required to do the same sort of thing
for two years. Oh, how I struggled! I hunted for something sensible
to write, but while all sorts of nonsense would come up, even common
sense, that most useful guide in a prosaic field, fled from me.
Outside, merry shouts of boys--a happy group who cared for balls and
kites more than dry-as-dust “culture”--were heard, and I mused in a
corner of a room, consulting such help as a phrase book and a rhyming
dictionary. Nothing but doggerel could be born of such a forced labor.
Here is a specimen:

  “Shut from the blue of skies in spring,
    I sit and fret for words to rhyme.
  O bird, if you have songs to sing,
    Drop one for me to save my time!”

The Chinese training did me at least one good turn. It drove Confucius
out of my head!

I should have been a blighted boy if Sundays had not come to my rescue.
The real use to which the day should be put had not dawned on me, nor
was it in the mind of those who introduced the institution. But I am
glad to say that it did me good in many ways. With this, however, my
uncle is invariably associated.

I have not said anything about him, but he was a well-fed man with a
goat’s beard. He was very nervous, however, and could not keep from
pulling his beard. This accounted for its scantiness. It was very
amusing to observe how easily his temper was disturbed out of its
normal mood. When he was contradicted he pulled hard at his beard and
wrung his hands furiously. His body seemed to expand with the inner
fire when he ejaculated many an “Ahem!” preliminary to an eruption.
Everybody had to find shelter and thrust his fingers into his ears,
lest the drums should break. But when he was pleased, his face melted
with laughter; he went to a cupboard to look for some nice thing for
us, ordered dinner to be hurried for our sake, and went round and round
us to see if we were really comfortable.

He was very alert, and was always looking for a new thing. He did
well, too, to keep himself abreast of the age, and, indeed, mastered
something of the English language, of which he could well boast in his
day. His pronunciation, however, was rather painful to hear, and in his
talk with foreigners his nervous hands played a large part to fill in
the gaps in his vocabulary, with an intermixture of many a “you know.”

One good thing about him was his love for outdoor sports. He could not
sit all day like my Chinese teacher, and if ever an eruption occurred,
it was always on the occasion of such confinement to his room. His
Sundays were scheduled for this or that kind of pleasure excursion. And
of course I was wise enough to do what I could to please him in order
that I might not be left out of his party.

One Sunday we were to go clam-fishing. When it was announced on Friday
before, I thought of a great time and could hardly sleep for joy. After
a tedious labor of writing verse was over the next Saturday, I busied
myself the rest of the afternoon with the preparation for the next
day. I kept going to my uncle’s to see whether we had the same things
that they had, and also to suggest the necessity of providing things
we had and they had not. Many conferences for this purpose were held
at the door-sill with Tomo-chan. Small hand-rakes were bought, one for
each; small and large baskets, knives, thick-soled socks, small sashes,
and so forth, were collected from various sources. To this I added a
net three by four feet large, with two poles to meet the exigency of
encountering some large fish--perhaps a whale. But of this I did not
speak to anybody.

Mother was also busy preparing our lunch. For this she got up very
early in the morning and boiled rice, which she made into triangular,
round, or square masses, speckled with burned sesame seeds. She
packed them in several lacquered boxes, with fresh pickles and cooked
vegetables. We relied on our clams for chief dishes; so some cooking
utensils were necessary. Also some tea and a teapot, cups and dishes,
together with chop-sticks and toothpicks, even.

The day was not fair, but it was just the kind of weather for the
season, dull and somewhat hazy, but bespeaking a calm sea. The tide was
fast ebbing when we started in a boat. There was a good company of us,
including uncle, aunt, mother, Tomo-chan, and me. As we emerged into
the bay from the canal, the extended view was delightful. On one side
green masses of pine-trees overhung the stone mounds and merged into
a leafy hill, which stretched itself like an arm into the sea. On the
other, beyond reedy shoals, the old forts, with a lighthouse on one of
them, dotted the expanse. The view was washed in gray, and even the
sails of junks, hanging lazily from the masts, were scarcely lighter
than the background.

All was calm. But as we sighted from a distance some other parties
already on the scene, we soon forgot everything for the excitement
and let the boatman hurry with all his strength. It was nine when we
arrived at the desired spot, and we had three hours to enjoy ourselves.
We fixed our boat to a pole, from the top of which was drooping a
piece of red and white cloth. This served as our mark to enable us to
find the boat quickly in the case of need. So each party had something
of its own design. Purple, green, white, and red in all sorts of
combinations and forms were displayed, while a coat, a shirt, or even
an improvised scarecrow was not denied use.

So we went into water, our sleeves and skirts being tied up and
our legs bared to the knees. Each was provided with a basket and a
hand-rake--except myself, who, in addition to the implements, took out
secretly my net, wound round the poles. My people were all too busy to
observe me, however. We went on raking for clams. There seemed to be
lots of black or white shells which we did not want, but I soon found
that clams were rather a matter of chance, and a chance would come no
more than once in every fifteen minutes! I luckily struck on three nice
ones in a short time, and dug diligently for some thirty minutes, but
without any result. So I grew tired, and began inspection. Aunt had
ten, mother eight, and uncle five. When I approached him, he looked up,
red in the face. I wondered if he was not angry. But it was not so, for
he heaved a sigh and straightening up and striking his back with his
fist, said, “O dear!”

“Uncle, you will soon be quitting your job, just as I shall, I think,”
said I.

“Pshaw! How many have you?”

“Three, sir.”

“You can’t have more than that for your lunch, you understand, unless
you get more. Now don’t be in my way.” And again he doubled his
corpulent body to work. But I was right in thinking that he could not
keep himself in the same posture for another three minutes. Now I
passed on to Tomo-chan. Poor Tomo-chan had only two! She was all but
weeping for the bad luck. She, however, looked comforted to find that I
did not fare much better. But what was her surprise when I threw all my
clams in with hers!

“Keep them, Tomo-chan. I am going to fish with this net.” Her eyes
looked gratitude. “Oh, thank you ever so much. But I’ll catch fish with
you if I don’t fare any better.”

“All right.” And I went on thinking that if I could not get clams for
my lunch, I should have fish to the envy of all. I looked among the
rocks for some shadow of them. Surely I saw something shooting away now
and then, without waiting for me to find out whether it was large or
not. But anyway, they were all right if I could get a number of them,
and so I fixed my net and tried to drive them into it, little thinking
that the very whiteness of my net--I appropriated a net made for the
purpose of keeping flies off--scared every fish. I got irritated with
my ill-success, and finally splashed the water vigorously to punish
them.

By this time my uncle had quit his work, as I predicted, and was
engaging with hen-like anxiety to look after his flock. He kept his
eyes on them, and would go like a shepherd dog to fetch any one who
went too far away from the boat. He looked at his watch to see if
the tide was not turning on, and went occasionally to the boat to
see if anything was lost. He seemed to like this kind of work better
than clam-fishing, for I could see even from a distance that he was
pulling at his beard, as he was wont to do when his mind was occupied.
Presently he heard me splashing the water far away, and started at once
to bring me back. Time could not be lost, he must have thought, but I
did not know anything of his approach till I heard a shriek behind me.
Surprised, I turned round when I found him just recovering his balance
and looking intently into the water.

“What’s matter, uncle?” I hastened toward him.

“Stop. A flatfish somewhere.” Seeing me with a net, he exclaimed,
“Quick with your net.”

“A flatfish?” I queried in excitement.

“Yes, I stepped on him and he gave me a slip.... Oh, here he is; cover
him quick!” And we covered him with my net without much ado. I was
surprised to see how easily I could catch him compared with other fish
that I had tried for. As I raised him, however, I found he was already
crushed dead under my uncle’s weight!

But it was a large one, and I could have an honorable share at lunch.

[Illustration: A TYPICAL JAPANESE STREET.]




CHAPTER VII

AN EVENING FÊTE

    My Father--His Love for Potted Trees--A Local Fête--Show
    Booths--Goldfish Booths--Singing Insects--How a Potted Tree Was
    Bought.


Evenings were not without enjoyment for me. And for this I owe much to
my father.

My father was a silent, close-mouthed man. His words to children were
few and mostly in a form of command. They were never disobeyed, partly
because it was father who spoke, but more because we knew that he spoke
only when he had to. Indeed, he carried a formidable air about him,
apparently engrossed in thought somewhat removed from his immediate
concern. He was by no means philosophical, however, and his reticent
habit was born of the peculiar circumstances under which he was
laboring. Fortune was evidently against him. And partly out of sympathy
with him and partly out of fear of breaking his spell, when we had
something to ask of him--boys have many wants--we had some indirect
means to devise. Thus, when my cap had worn out and I wanted a new one,
I dropped a hint in his presence by way of a soliloquy: “I wish I had a
new cap. My old one is worn out.” Saying this just once at a time and
thrice in the course of one evening, if I persevered for three nights,
I used to have my old cap replaced with a new one on the next day!

He knew that he was fighting against odds, but his spirit was never
crushed. He only persevered. One day he came back from his evening
stroll with a piece of bamboo flute. Evidently he was attracted by a
tune a man at the corner of a street was playing on it as he sold his
wares, and felt his soul suddenly gain its freedom and soar to the sky.
I remember how well he loved his instrument, and from day to day he
used to pour out low, mournful tunes. But his art was never equal to
the demand of his soul, and one evening the bamboo flute was laid aside
for a pot containing a dwarf pine-tree.

You may well wonder how a flowerless potted tree could be preferred to
even the commonest tune for spiritual solace. But at any rate it was a
piece of nature, and was healing to behold. And then, in its fantastic
shape, there was a beauty of repose which had a very soothing effect,
but which required some study for appreciation. But in his case, there
was something deeper in the matter. A tree over fifty years old, which,
if left in the field, would have grown to an immense size, was reduced
by human art to only a foot in height, and was kept alive on a potful
of earth. My father must have read a history of his own in it and tried
to learn a secret of contentment from it.

One by one potted trees were added to his stock,--he could afford to
buy only at odd intervals,--and presently shelves were provided for
them in the small garden. Morning and evening he attended to them, and
with patience as well as with pleasure looked forward to the time when
his care would result in a growth of just an inch and a quarter of pine
leaves and palm leaves two inches by three in size.

One night an unexpected thing happened. A thief found his way to the
garden from the back door and sneaked away with half a dozen of the
choice trees. Naturally, my father was distressed, but after a while he
was patiently filling the vacancy one by one, of course seeing that the
back door should be securely locked every night.

I was going to tell you something about the amusements I had in the
evening, but it was mainly due to this love of my father’s for potted
trees that I was taken regularly to a local fête, held three times a
month. The day for this was fixed; it fell on every day connected
with, the number seven; that is, the seventh, the seventeenth, and the
twenty-seventh. And as in the calendar, rain or shine, it came and
went. Naturally, I had my weather bureau open on that day to see if
the evening was all right, for a wet night would be an irretrievable
loss. At the police stand they published a forecast in the morning, but
that was not to be too much relied on. It sometimes said rain when it
was anything but wet, and fine when it was actually drizzling--though
in the latter case I rather inclined to believe the report even if it
ended in sorrow.

I did not need any formality of asking to be taken; it was a matter
of course with me as long as I behaved well. This behaving, however,
was peculiar. I had to be waiting for my father outside and follow him
when he came out, without saying anything or shouting for delight for a
block or so. The reason for this was simple. Mother objected to sending
out the younger members of our family in the evening, and especially
to such a crowded place where they were liable to be lost. My going
there must not attract their attention.

One evening I slipped off with my father in this way. The place where
the fête was held was not far away, and after two or three turnings
we soon came to the street. At a distance, you might take it for a
fire, for the tiny stalls and booths crowding the place were lighted
by hundreds of kerosene torches which flared and smoked. The central
section of the street was not more than two blocks in length, but it
was literally packed with six rows of booths and stalls and with such a
concourse of people that there did not seem to be room even to move.

The approach to the scene was marked by some show booths. Hung in front
were some wonderful pictures of what was to be seen within: a serpent
over thirty feet long, which had lived in some distant part of the
country and had actually swallowed two babies; a woman who had a real
rubber neck which could be stretched so far that while sitting still
her head could wander all over the house; monkeys dressed in old-style
costume and giving some theatrical performance, and so on. The entrance
fee was a penny, and men stood outside crying the various excellencies
of their shows, and when you stopped before one of them and looked at
the sign, they would lift the curtain for a second and drop it again,
just to whet your curiosity. I naturally wanted very much to look at
some of the monstrosities, and watched to see if the inducement would
work on my father, but, much to my disappointment, he walked calmly on
with his hands in his sleeves.

Now we came in front of the goldfish booths. It was simply fascinating
to see such a number of dear little things swimming in wooden tubs,
some being hung high in glass globes by the side of helpless turtles
enjoying air riding. In the next two or three booths were masses of
minute bamboo cages. Most of them were only three inches by two. Here
they were selling all sorts of singing insects and fire-worms. And what
an orchestra these tiny winged things were! There were bell insects
which chirped on “chinkororin, chinkororin,” in staccato, crickets
which hummed in sweet undulating “rin--rin--rin,” and katydids which
broke in with a cymbal-like “gaja, gaja,” as we say. I watched to see
if these things would tempt my father, but no, his face was set on
something else ahead.

Now a great part of these enterprising peddlers were gardeners by
profession. And out of the six rows of booths in the central portion
three were shows of potted flowers and trees. They even had for sale
grown-up trees half as tall as a telegraph-pole! As we came to this
part my father slackened his pace. Here was something at last which
interested him. He took time to examine some of the nice potted trees,
and his progress was very slow indeed, somewhat to my annoyance. I
would rather have him stop before a candy booth than in these places.
After a while, however, he found one tree much to his liking. He was
tempted just to ask the price of it.

“Ten dollars, sir,” was the answer.

My father smiled dryly and passed on.

“How much you give, Mister?” asked the man.

No answer.

“I’ll make it five dollars this time, Mister,” cried the man. Still
receiving no answer, he came after us. “But give me your price, Mister.”

“Fifty cents,” said my father.

“Ough, that won’t pay even the express. Give me a dollar, then.”

But my father was already some distance away. The man, growing
desperate to lose him, cried aloud:

“Mi-ster, you can have it for the price. This is the first one I have
sold this evening. I must start the sale, anyway.”

So my father came into possession of one more potted tree. The price
was low, to be sure, but the man did not undersell his goods.

There seemed to be nothing now to do but to wend our way home as my
father turned round at the corner and came down with the crowd. We
passed toy booths, basket booths, booths where hairpins with beautiful
artificial flowers were sold, or where all sorts of fans, bamboo
screens, and sundry other things were for sale. And we passed them
apparently without any interest, at least on my father’s part. I was
wondering what my father would buy for me, when whom should I meet but
my aunt and Tomo-chan just going round the street in the other way?
I spoke with Tomo-chan while my father and aunt were exchanging some
remarks--possibly about the potted tree.

“Did you get something bought for you?” I asked.

“No, not yet. I’ve just come, you know. And you?”

“N-no. But--”

I could not say the rest as my father and aunt parted and the crowd was
pushing between us, and so I waved my hand to say good-by to Tomo-chan.

We soon came almost to the end of the gay portion of the street, and
after a few booths a touch of festival air would be gone, when my
father halted before a molasses candy booth, and, to my great joy,
bought a nickel’s worth of cake. We got a big, swollen bagful; this
was for me and for our stay-at-home folks. I wished that I had met
Tomo-chan once more.




CHAPTER VIII

SUMMER DAYS

    A Swimming School--How I Was Taught to Swim--Diving--The Old
    Home Week--Return of the Departed Souls--Visiting the Ancestral
    Graves--The Memorable Night--A Village Dance.


The third summer in Tokyo had come. The air was fresh and cool, while
the morning-glories in our back yard were blooming lavishly, and the
Ainu chrysanthemums in white, pink, and purple, and the late irises
were seen carried round the street in flower-venders’ baskets. But it
soon got warmer as they vanished from the sight till I found it hot
even in one piece of a thin garment over my body, though my mother
starched it for me just stiff enough for the air to pass through from
one sleeve to the other.

In one of the canals near by, an annual swimming-school was opened.
The place was inviting in hot weather, besides, it was such fun to
bathe with hosts of boys, and to learn how to swim. I must confess that
I could not swim yet. I thought at first that it was quite an easy
thing, because I often saw a man swimming with his feet and performing
such a trick with his hands as peeling a pear with a knife and eating
it. But after a few trials I was obliged to correct my notion to such
a degree as to consider swimming an extremely difficult as well as
dangerous undertaking. Not only my body was found to be something
between a block of hard wood and a stone, and much nearer to the
latter, but once it stayed so long in the water, head and all, that I
experienced pretty nearly what it was to get drowned. But all this I
did in secret and did not tell to any of my folks. Indeed my mother
was keeping my younger brother from the water by telling him about the
story of a sea-monkey who would stretch his exceptionally long arm and
drag people into the depths, especially boys who went swimming against
their mother’s remonstrance. As an elder brother, I was bound to set a
good example.

A week after the opening of the school, however, I brought the
swimming matter to my mother’s attention, and piling up such reasons
as I thought most expedient, and rounding up by mentioning names of
a number of my schoolmates, as if they were co-petitioners, who had
been enrolled in the membership, I wanted her to ask my father. I had
anticipated a refusal from both mother and father, but my mother was
all right as long as the place was safe, while my father surprised me
by his instant permission. He was an excellent swimmer himself and must
have felt it a shame that his son did not know even how to keep himself
afloat. My poor younger brother, however, was to wait another year.

So I went to swimming. We had an exciting time in the canal, and the
heat of the sun ceased to be of any trouble to me. On the first day one
of the trainers supported me with his hands and made me move my arms
and legs according to his instruction. I made a vigorous effort, while
he carried me on as if I were making a progress myself. Now and then,
however, he would loosen his hold and see if I could keep myself going.
I was then taken with sudden fear, and, feeling that the water grew
instantly to be very deep, I gave a cry of horror and distress, and did
some splashing, too. The instructor laughed over my plight and told me
that I should be safe as he was near, and that I must try to acquire
the sense of ease with the water. As long as my limbs were moving
properly, I was sure to be floating. So I put confidence in his words
and cultivated assiduously what he called the sense of ease, which I
understood to be a suppression of fear. The first day, however, passed
without any result, in spite of my determination that I would go to
the bottom rather than call for help again.

But, strangely enough, at the very first unassisted trial on the second
day, my body did float. How joyful I felt at this, you can hardly
imagine. I swam round and round the place--of course stopping every
quarter of a minute--till I was fairly exhausted. On my return home,
however, I mustered courage enough to impart to my brother on the
matted floor my successful experience in swimming.

Diving came next. On my first dip I felt instinctively that man and
fish were at the opposite extremities of creation. The suppression of
breath and the closing of eyes were bad enough; but there was such a
roaring in my ears as if all the watery spirits were murmuring at the
intrusion, while my body was at once subjected to a different law of
repulsion. But it was great fun to play at being a sea-monkey and drag
the legs of idle boys, at which sport I had been a victim myself on
the very first day. So I began practising it, and in a few days was
already looking for a chance to apply my half-mastered skill. Seeing
once two boys near me engaging in splashing water, I plunged at once,
aiming at one of them. It was but a few yards to dive, but I came out
of the water without striking anything, and before I had time to brush
off the dripping water from my eyes, I was subjected to a furious
spray from the two boys, when, thud, came something on my side, and in
another second I was dragged into the water. A mouthful of water went
down my throat before I knew, and when I came to my feet with all the
water boiling around me, I noticed a third and new boy standing and
laughing over his trick!

So passed a good part of the summer till about the middle of August,
when the Japanese “Old Home Week” came. The principal day falls on the
sixteenth day of the seventh month, according to the lunar calendar,
which is about a month after the ordinary date. It is a sort of
Decoration Day, too, because we go to the temple yards and pay a visit
to our ancestral graves. Now for three years this duty was neglected by
us, and father thought it proper for some one to visit the old place
in the country. My uncle was also in a similar position, and it was
arranged that my aunt and Tomo-chan should go from their family while
I represented my own. And two days before the date we set out in a
conveyance called a kuruma.

I wasn’t quite sure of the significance of the graveyard visiting on
this special occasion, and so found time to ask my aunt of it. And
this was what she told me, not on the road, but in her house the night
before we started. (I had known the inconvenience of the kuruma in
keeping me separate from my aunt all the way, though it had the decided
merit, as it turned out, of packing Tomo-chan and myself in one seat.)

Now, when a man dies, he goes either to paradise or to hell, according
to Buddhism. In the former place, he is led to his seat on a large
lotus flower floating on the cool surface of the rippling water. The
sweet calmness of the summer morn is all his, my aunt said, but beyond
that there seems to be nothing going on in that floral berth. But in
hell, all is excitement. The king of devils will mete out punishment to
each arrival according to his guilt, and he is made by red and green
demons to tread on the hill of swords, to ride in the coach of fire, or
to bathe in the boiling caldron. But, good or bad, those departed souls
are allowed once a year to pay a short visit to their earthly homes,
and this happens on the sixteenth of the seventh month. So we go to the
graves of our ancestors, clean and decorate them so that the dead may
feel comfortable, and, delivering our message of welcome and turning
about, ask the invisible to get on our backs to our homes! I wondered
if my back was large enough for the whole train of my ancestors to
ride on.

At my native village we stayed at another uncle’s. A day’s ride in the
same narrow kuruma made Tomo-chan and me more companionable than ever,
while the strangeness of the new place kept us two always close by.
Everywhere we were welcomed as Tokyonians, and treated to melons and
rice dumpling. We had not, however, much time to spare, for we were
quite busy seeing to our family graves. We hired a man to weed and
clean the lot, sent enough offerings to the temple so that the priests,
when chanting for the rest of the departed, might think comfortably
of it, and, above all, took care that every grave might not lack
fresh flowers for two days, that is during our stay. On the sixteenth
day I was prepared to carry any number of invisible spirits from the
graveyard to the house. But as some one told me that the spirits would
not dare to come in the daylight, I was glad that my service was not
needed, after all.

The sun set gloriously behind the castle, and the mellow booming of the
temple bell was wafted through the evening air. Presently the misty
moon, just waning, rose from the plain, and the memorable night began.
In every house the rooms were swept clean and the tiny lights were
burning in the household shrine. In front, the flames from a heap of
flax stems, known as the “reception fire,” were dazzling, and, unheard
and unobserved, the ghosts of our fathers passed into the house.

I did not know how long they would stay, but bowing once respectfully
before the shrine, I went out with Tomo-chan to stay around. In the
temple ground there was an open space hemmed in by tall, shady pines,
where the young people of the village would assemble that night
and hold the annual dancing. And naturally our steps were directed
there. We found that already many of them were gathered, and, by the
uncertain light of paper lanterns hung here and there on the trees, we
saw that they were all dressed in uniform white and blue garments, with
folded pieces of cloth dangling about their necks. The browned faces of
the swains were not distinguishable in such dimness, but those of the
lasses looked distinctly lovely, the scratches and blemishes incidental
to their outdoor occupation being invisible. The swains grouped on this
side and the girls on the other; the former being not yet bold enough,
and the latter too shy, to mingle with one another. Presently some
sweet-voiced lad sang a ballad, and then all rose to arrange themselves
in rows, boys on one side and girls on the other. They called to the
singer to start anew, and began to trip to the song, clapping their
hands at a rhythmic turn. They never moved on, but closed in and again
drew apart on the same spot, all repeating the same movement. It was a
novel thing for both of us, and we watched them with great delight.
Song after song was sung, all bursting into laughing cheers after each
piece and sometimes going into such commotion that each lad paired with
his bonny lassie.

“Isn’t that delightful?” I asked Tomo-chan.

“Yes, lovely.”

“And simple, too.”

She nodded.

“Let’s watch again and see if we can learn,” I said to her, and we
stood at the end of the line.

The song went clear and plaintive and the touching trill was preying
upon the hearts of the dancers and working them into dreamy ecstasy.
The moon by this time climbed high up in the sky, and when a filmy
cloud glided off her face, the pale weird rays revealed Tomo-chan and
me dancing in the group!




CHAPTER IX

THE ENGLISH SCHOOL

    A Night at the Dormitory--Beginning
    English--Grammar--Pronunciation--School Moved--Mother’s Love.


It was September and the beginning of a new term. Father decided that
I should leave the school I had attended hitherto and go to another
one where English was taught. This was the second time that I had
left school without finishing it, but I was destined not to fare any
better at the new place. Indeed, I changed school four times without
finishing, till I finally settled in a college. But this leaping
habit--I am sorry to say that it took a semblance of habit at last--did
not come from any changeableness on my or my father’s part, but all
from the sincere desire to prepare me for life in the best way.
This it was that drove me into the three years’ study of the Chinese
classics, though I beat a rather dishonorable retreat from it, and
again this it was that directed me to take up the foreign languages
early. I was afraid, however, that I leaped too much this time, as I
found that all my new schoolmates were much older than I, and, indeed,
there were some who needed shaving every morning!

The school was at first very near to my house. The building was of
brick; the first floor was used for the class-rooms and the second was
made into a dormitory. This last was a novelty to me; I never knew
before that boys stayed away from home in this fashion, and entertained
a secret desire to share a bed once with somebody, just to see what
it was like. This, however, was easily granted, as I soon grew to be
a favorite with everybody because of my youthfulness, and one night
I made a bundle of my night-shirt and went to the room of one of my
classmates. I was at once devoured with curiosity in watching him
make the bed. It was not such a simple process as I used to see at
home--laying one or two quilts on the matted floor and another over
them. But he had to build a bedstead first from a sliding door, and
placed one end of it on his table and the other on his bookcases. Upon
that he laid his thin quilt and blanket. I wondered why he had to do
such a crazy thing.

“Don’t you know the reason?” He seemed to be surprised at my ignorance.
“It is on account of the fleas. You can’t sleep on the floor. Look
here.” And he showed me a bottle in which an army of captured fleas
were drowned. After all, a dormitory was not a covetable place, I
thought. But there was some fascination in the sliding door bed, which
creaked like a cuckoo with every move of my body.

But I must tell you about my first experience in English. English
was very encouraging to start with. The alphabet consists of only
twenty-six letters, and when I mastered that and was provided with a
handful of vocabulary, I felt as if I were already half an American. I
went around and talked to everybody, especially to those who did not
know anything of English, like this:

“It is a dog. See the dog! It is a cow. See the cow!” I could even play
a trick by way of variation like this:

“Is it a dog? Yes, it is a dog.”

And my family, who were constantly spoken to in this unknown tongue,
were surprised at my speedy progress.

And indeed I thought first that any number of words might be easily
learned, because they were but combinations of letters in one way or
other, which are limited to only twenty-six. But it did not take me
long to change this view. As the length of the daily lesson increased
I came to wonder more and more whether the English words were not
charmed after all. They were as slippery as eels, and, indeed, written
like eels too. I thought time and again that I had them secure in my
mental box, but when I opened the lid the next day, they vanished like
a spirit. Something must be done, I thought, to tie them down, and so
I invented a certain scheme. It was that when I looked up a new word
in my Anglo-Japanese dictionary, I put a black mark beside it to show
that on that very moment it passed into my possession. The plan seemed
to work very well, but before long I found I had to mark the same words
three or four times, till my dictionary looked very much as if it were
suffering from spotted fever!

Then came grammar. Grammar is the least familiar part of language
study. We are never taught in that in learning vernacular Japanese.
Somehow words come out of our mouths naturally and arrange themselves
into smooth sentences. So when I had to commit to memory the
definitions of the noun, verb, adjective, and so forth, and to
classify English words into them, I came to doubt if I were not
studying botany instead of language. Fortunately I did not make such
a mistake as, “A verb is something to eat,” or “Every sentence and
the name of God must begin with a caterpillar.” But it took me months
to understand the difference between the transitive and intransitive
verbs. I finally struck an original definition of them. It is this,
that a verb is called transitive when it is ambitious and intransitive
when it is not, because in the former case it takes an object and in
the latter it does not. I wondered why some one among the learned
teachers did not tell me that right away in the beginning. It would
have saved me a lot of trouble. Again in parsing, any word parading
with a capital was a relief to me: I had no hesitation in giving it as
a proper noun, whether it appeared in the main body of a piece or--in
the title!

Now there is one little part of speech which puzzled me a great deal.
It is the article. In translation I had the great satisfaction of
passing it over entirely, as we have no equivalent to it in Japanese,
but in composition it was the first thing that puzzled and annoyed
me. The Japanese formerly went out bareheaded, and their language
is also free from this encumbrance of a head-gear--for the article
is a head-gear to a noun--and I was liable to drop off the article
entirely, or, if I tried, to use a wrong one every time. Surely this
hat etiquette was difficult and capricious, too. I thought I could
master its secret if I knew thoroughly when and what sort of a bonnet
a girl should wear--of course including the case of wearing a derby
on horseback! This occurred to me a long time afterward in America,
however.

[Illustration: A JAPANESE SCHOOL OF THE PRESENT DAY.]

Let me mention another difficulty. This was the pronunciation. A number
of new sounds were introduced, the most conspicuous of which are those
in which th, l, f, and v are found. The th-sound was bad enough,
but l was next to impossible. Finding this to be the case, an American
teacher would draw a cross-section of a face on the blackboard, only
with a scant outline of the mouth and nose (once he drew the head,
too, but it caused an unusual amount of merriment among the boys,
as it was as bald as his, and he never finished the picture again),
and explain the position of the tongue in uttering the sound, which
we industriously copied. And he also would have us say, “Rollo rode
Lorillard,” instead of “Present,” or “Here,” when the roll was called.
But the semi-historical passage fell from the boys’ lips rumbling like
a thunder:

“Rorro rode Rorirrard!”

One year passed happily in the new school, when it moved to its new
buildings on the other side of the city, about five miles away. It was
at first a short walk from my house, but when it increased from two
minutes to two hours, with no convenience of street-cars to help my
feeble feet, I naturally hesitated to go. I had to walk if I continued
to attend, as boarding out in the dormitory was too expensive for our
means. The school, however, was too good to be given up at that time,
and so I made up my mind not to discontinue it.

To cover ten miles a day, spending four to five hours, was not a light
task for a boy of thirteen. It was all I could do on fine days. In
stormy weather the feat would become a struggle, and I was more than
glad to accept the kind offer of one of my schoolmates to break the
trip at his home for the night.

I had to start early to be on time at the eight o’clock exercise. Five
o’clock was the time for me to get up, but my mother rose at least at
half-past four to make me a hot breakfast of boiled rice and bean soup.

My mother was the sort of woman who expresses herself in work rather
than in words. And in this she was regularity itself. One thing which
impressed me in this more than anything else was her management of my
dresses. Japanese decency requires eight suits a year for any one just
for ordinary use, and of course I needed, or rather my mother believed
that I needed that: eight suits--four in summer, two in winter, and one
each in spring and in autumn. The dresses were not always made from new
pieces, and so gave much more trouble. She made over the old clothes,
washed and turned or dyed, if necessary, before doing so. My notion of
her regularity, however, must be augmented five times, as she was doing
the same thing--though I did not notice it at the time--with the other
members of the family.

And so this early rising on her part for my sake went like clockwork
morning after morning. If this means steadiness of her devotion to her
son and to all related dearly to her, she had it.

Again she was not wordy in any case. I never had a long lecture from
her, though, I am sorry to say, I had some short ones. On the contrary,
she had the secret of speaking in silence. There was some magic power
in her touch. I love to look back to my childhood, when she used to
dress me in the morning, at the end of which she would whisper in my
ear just a word: “Be good all the day, dear child.” It was simply
pleasure.

So at this hour when the world was still asleep, as I sat without
a word at a short morning repast before her, with the lamp shining
and every manifestation of motherly love around me, I was under an
unspeakable spell, and learned to love her most.

I had to start soon, however. I descended to the door and opened it. It
was still dark and the sky was starry. There was something that held me
back for a moment. But I took heart and went out. Mother wanted to go
with me for some distance. Naturally, I declined the offer, wishing
not to seem cowardly, but also because I did not want to give her such
a trouble. So she just stood at the door with a lantern and saw me off
till I turned the corner.

I thought she turned and stepped inside after that, as I heard the
noise of the sliding door being shut, and, being satisfied, I hurried
on my way. But one morning something happened that revealed the truth.
There was a bridge at the second turning, two blocks away from my
house, and from that a long street ran. I was away some distance on
this road when one of the fastenings of my clog-straps broke off. It is
sad when this occurs. We cannot walk at all. We should be provided with
material for repair, but it seldom happens that we are. To return was
to lose time, and I must be going. So I did what boys usually do under
such a circumstances. I hunted a wedge-shaped pebble, and, holding
the broken end of the fastening in the hole, where it had been kept
tight, drove it with another piece of stone. I was able to walk a short
distance, but again it broke off. I was irritated, but there was no use
in fussing: so I again went patiently to repair. I was hammering the
clog with a stone when I heard the noise of hurried steps approaching.
I was too busy to look back, but a voice came which made me drop the
stone.

“Sakae!”

I turned, and there my mother stood with a strip of cloth ready to help
me! I was surprised, but was too glad for help to ask any question.

As I trod on, I reasoned to account for her appearance in this way:
that after seeing me turn the corner, my mother was wont to put out
the light, shut the door, and follow me to the bridge, and from there
was watching to see that I was safe. She saw that day that I was in
trouble, and divined the whole case by the knocks I gave at the clog.
So she was there with her help. As I thought of that, a silent tear
trickled down my cheek.




CHAPTER X

A BOY ASTRONOMER

    What I Intended to Be--My Aunt’s View--My Parents’ Approval--My
    Uncle’s Enthusiasm--The Total Eclipse of the Sun.


Like all ambitious boys, I now began to dream of my future.

In a daily paper to which we were subscribing, there was a story
appearing in serial form, which I happened to read, and in which I
became immediately interested. It was a scientific novel, with a
revenge motive. The title, the author, the plot--all are now forgotten
except the vague idea that the hero in the end, by his high inventive
ability, built a wonderful machine, by means of which he poured
poisonous gas into the castle where his enemy lived, and thereby took
his vengeance upon him. I was simply fascinated, and wanted to be an
engineer.

The first one to whom I confided my intention was Tomo-chan. Of course
I did not and could not depict an engineer as the one in the story,
wrapped in the glowing splendor of his intellectual triumph. I might
have tried it if she had given me a chance to do so. But too soon her
peculiar and perhaps truer view of the profession came on me like a
blow.

“Why, isn’t an engineer a sort of carpenter?” she asked. Reduced to
such a lowest term, even my hero looked shabby, and from that very
moment I dropped him entirely.

I was not, however, fortunate enough to find a substitute worthy of my
admiration, and I had to go without any. But this time my mind seemed
to be able to present to me a proper object of my ambition. All my
thought gradually drifted toward the province of science (I little
knew then that it was the same engineer story which influenced me).
Of all branches of learning, science appeared to me to be the most
substantial, most worthy of serious study, and most certain of arriving
at the secret of the creation. The study, however, of a small portion
of God’s work, such as a leaf of a tree or a nameless insect, did not
appeal to me. No, any section of the earth was not large enough to lay
down my life for. I wanted to take in the earth, the sun, the moon,
the planets, and the stars--in fact, all the universe at once! So I
fixed upon astronomy as my special study. The immensity of the field
and the purely theoretical nature of the subject, coupled with the
transcendency of the pursuit over the triviality of worldly affairs,
had all its charm over me. It was simply great.

I went again to Tomo-chan to tell her of my intention. The idea of an
astronomer was apparently beyond her grasp. She could not think of any
occupation such as carpenter, mason, and so forth, to associate with
an astronomer, and it did not take her long to admit that it was grand.

This was my first triumph, and now I approached my aunt to see what
she would think of it. She was one of those women whose mind never
soared above the world even for the sake of observation. She could
not conceive the idea that this earth--which, by the way, was flat,
according to her view--revolves every day. I went into a whole length
of explanation by the help of a lighted lamp and my fist, to show how
the revolution would cause day and night, but to no purpose. So I
changed my tactics and told her the story of a little girl, who, in
her own way, understood this fact. She lived at the foot of a high
mountain, on the summit of which there was a lake. The little girl
could not understand how water could be found in such a high place till
she was told one day about the diurnal revolution of the earth. “That
must be true,” she said, “and so the mountain dips into the sea in the
night and carries the water from there!”

But it was not my purpose to convince her about such a matter, and so I
proceeded to acquaint her with my intention. I soon found that it was
not exactly in the line of her approval. She presented to me at once
her worldly view of the profession, how out of ordinary my choice was.
The astronomer was to her a man who sleeps when all should be up, and
is awake when all should be in bed. He looks always at the sky, and
does not know often that he is about to tumble into a ditch. He has to
perch on a roof or a tree-top like a sparrow, to watch the stars while
everybody is enjoying some nice thing in the house.

This, however, had no effect of a wet blanket upon me. I knew that she
was teasing me for the mere fun of it. Her humorous eyes were ready
to take in any change in my surprised countenance, which on my part I
partly assumed to please her.

In the end, however, she frankly admitted that the constantly
increasing number of new studies in these enlightened days bewildered
her greatly, and she could not tell which profession was sure to lead
one to success. Perhaps I was right, she said, in choosing a study
which only a few might attempt.

Two days passed, in the course of which I became surer of my choice and
was ready to face my parents. I had a secret suspicion that my father
might have some plan already laid out for me. If he had had anything in
mind outside of a scientific pursuit, I should have been non-plussed.
But, luckily, I found I was ahead of him; indeed, he and my mother,
too, seemed to trust everything to my natural inclination, and had only
a vague but bright future for me without any particular road leading to
it. So, when I laid before them, side by side, my desire or rather my
determination to become an astronomer and a future college professor,
with an income four times as great as my father’s,--I reserved the
poetic side of my choice for my own meditation,--I made such a deep
impression on them that it surprised me altogether. My mother, bending
over her sewing by lamp-light, silently passed her hand over her eyes,
while my father picked up a paper which had been read all through,
with a slightly drawn “Um,” in his throat, which in his case was to
be interpreted as indicating some pleasant feeling. My mother was
the spokesman in such a case when my father’s silence was meant for
consent. She told me that one must go heart and soul into any sort of
study in order to excel in it. I simply nodded, and presently went to
bed with a light heart, after bidding good night to the dear little
stars who would be my constant companions hereafter.

I could not meet my uncle till Sunday, but Tomo-chan told me that he
heard everything about me from my aunt, and was very enthusiastic over
my intention. Indeed, he was always enthusiastic over new things,
though his enthusiasm was usually rather short-lived. But I was glad
that my news struck him in that light. That morning I found him
reading a paper, but as I approached he looked up, and, removing his
spectacles, and combing his beard with his fingers, surveyed me awhile
as if to see if I was capable of my word. But really he was waiting for
the return of his enthusiastic mood. I felt that Tomo-chan was smiling
over my situation from the next room, though I could not remove my eyes
from my uncle.

“Astronomer, eh?” he said at last.

“Yes, sir. Going to be one.”

“That’s grand. You will be the fourth or fifth in that line in our
country. I should take one of those new studies if I were young enough.
But astronomy is indeed fascinating. Do you know that the moon never
shows her other side?”

Here he rose up and began to pace the room. His enthusiasm served to
bring back a flood of the shallow but ready knowledge which he stored
up in a corner of his head. And he did not let me speak a word till he
had finished a lecture on the solar system.

“Look here,”--he turned to me with the look of a man who made a sudden
discovery,--“do you know of the solar eclipse we are going to have on
the 20th?”

Of course I did. It was still two weeks thence, and the moon was as
opposite as could be, but I had already darkened a piece of glass over
a candle and begun to observe the sun at least once a day.

“This is the total eclipse and its rare opportunity. You may not see it
again in Japan in your lifetime,” he went on.

In my lifetime was too strong a phrase, but I was very sorry to miss
the chance, as the zone of the total eclipse passed some fifty miles
north of Tokyo, and I had--no money.

“Perhaps in your lifetime, too,” I ventured to suggest.

“Yes, indeed. I did not think of myself,” he laughingly said. “Well,
then, let’s go!”

“Go?”

“I will take you and Tomo with me.”

In the adjoining room Tomo-chan was seen just raising both her
outstretched hands, opening her mouth, and rolling her eyes--all
bespeaking her joy and surprise. I wished very much to answer the
signal but for the presence of my uncle, who kept staring at anybody or
anything near him, and this time at me, while revolving some new plan
in his mind.

For the intervening days I was busy making preparations for the
expedition. I had to buy half a dozen pieces of glass, frame and
darken them in a variety of shade; to adjust my watch to keep time; to
study the constellation where the sun was, and note the stars of the
first magnitude visible on the day; and to make four or five copies
of a drawing with a graduated circle in the centre for the sun, and
two other concentric circles for the orbits of Mercury and Venus. The
difficult part of the business was how to record time for the beginning
of the eclipse. We needed two, at least, for this. Tomo-chan was glad
to offer her service, but she did not want to look at the watch but
at the sun. Well, I had no objection to that, as long as she could
tell the right moment. But as I was a little in doubt on that point,
we spent several nights in drill by means of a shaded lamp which cast
a bright disc on the wall. No sooner than I moved an opaque one and
touched the other, she had to press my hand. But too often the movable
disc was a quarter of an inch inside the other when the belated touch
passed on to me. So I had to train her eyes first by giving a signal at
the time of contact by means of a pinch. And if she did not perceive it
still, she got pinched still harder. She was very unteachable in this
respect, but still wanted to look at the sun rather than the watch!

So the day of the eclipse arrived. It was a hot, clear day in July,
and most fitted for the observation. We took an early train, as we
had a long way to go, and then we must settle somewhere to watch the
beginning and the end and the most precious middle. In the central part
of the zone of the total eclipse there was a government observatory
temporarily erected, and we wanted to get as near to it as possible.
But we did not take into account the rather slow service of the train,
and the hour for the eclipse had come before we got into the zone, and
were, of course, in the train. As nothing could be done under such
circumstances, we gave up the initial observation, and all the three
just looked at the sun through the soot-covered pieces of glass. We
did not know that we were a gainer and not a loser by this till late,
except Tomo-chan, who had already earned enough pinches merely to be
ready for the occasion.

The train was a few miles within the zone when my uncle thought it
wise to stop at a small village and make an observation there, as the
sun was fast being overshadowed. We settled in a nice tea-house, whose
front room in the second floor with an open veranda was just the sort
of place for our purpose. And there, after a quick lunch, we awaited
the hour. Tomo-chan and I had a board and a sheet of paper which I had
specially prepared, to note the location of the visible stars and to
draw the shape of the corona.

I never knew that the light of the sun was so strong, for till the
luminous surface was reduced to a very thin crescent, no change was
observed in the sky. But all at once, as the shadow of a man passing
on the street became weirdly faint, the color of the sky turned into
warm steel-black and the purple stars began to shine! And in no time
the crescent was changed into a mere speck of silver light, and in a
second, as it burned itself off, a beautifully soft fringe of twilight
appeared. That was the corona!

I now assiduously set about to take down the exact shape of it. There
were only thirty seconds of this precious moment. So I just put down
important points on the paper, noting carefully the position and the
distance, and tried to take a clear impression in my mind to be traced
out later. Tomo-chan was working, too. But her process was just the
opposite of mine. Evidently she wished to follow my picture, but as
mine was no picture, she turned to the sun with a sigh, and, though she
finished it in time, she had a picture of a heavenly corona twisted
considerably by an earthly wind!

The wonderful moment had now passed, and the corona, with a tail
trailing at the right-hand side of the sun, disappeared like a dream.
It was too brief, but we were satisfied, and did not know what to
think of our good fortune when, three minutes later, a dark cloud came
and brushed the sun off. Then we imagined what the consequence might
have been if the train had been fast and we had gone on further north.
The next day’s paper said that the government expedition was entirely
spoiled on account of the untimely shower!




CHAPTER XI

IN THE SUBURBS

    A Novel Experiment--Removal--Our New House--Angling--Tomo-chan’s
    Visit.


We were now to remove to the suburbs. Father got a better position with
a firm quite far from our house, and it was thought expedient for us to
do so for his convenience.

There was one thing which made me dislike this change. And it was
about Tomo-chan. We should be separated, and might not see each other
so often; all the more so as we had grown to be quite intimate and
congenial by this time and had great fun in indulging in some novel
experiment now and then. This last was by no means of a scientific
nature. Still we went at it with something of scientific spirit to see
whether a certain innovation was applicable or not.

Here is one such experiment we tried. Tomo-chan heard from one of
her friends, whose sister recently came home from America, that in
that enlightened country when a lady and a gentleman take a walk
together, the latter offers his arm to the former, who, of course,
never hesitates to take it. Tomo-chan thought it was a fine idea, and
asked me if we might try it. Well, I had no objection if it were only
dark enough to make the trial. So one evening, under the shade of
cherry-trees, we hooked our arms. Our cumbersome sleeves were somewhat
in the way, but still we got on famously. After that, whenever we were
in the dark, a hint would come from Tomo-chan to walk in that fashion,
and I was only glad to accept it. Curiously enough it was the girl who
suggested it every time!

Of course we were not uniformly successful. I well remember the evening
of that memorable day of the total eclipse. My uncle’s enthusiasm
greatly abated as the event of the day passed, and as we alighted from
the train and stood before a fruit-vender’s stall, he now appeared
to be much interested in a large watermelon. Unable to resist the
temptation, he bought one and had me carry it. So I held it under my
arm and walked on. The street was not crowded and the night was dark,
and I went on behind my uncle with Tomo-chan beside me, when a touch
was felt at my unoccupied arm. It was the well-known hint, and in no
time Tomo-chan and the watermelon were hanging from my arms. It was
not an easy thing to walk in that way, especially behind the back of
my uncle, who might turn round to see us at any moment. Then I found
that even a watermelon had a bit of jealousy in it, for every minute
it would get heavier and more unmanageable as my mind inclined more
and more to my fair companion. The point was soon reached when it was
no longer endurable for the watermelon, and at my unguarded moment
it jumped out of my arm to commit suicide. The bounce at once made
my uncle turn and wring his hands for anger at my carelessness. I
was equal to the occasion, however. Quickly extricating myself from
Tomo-chan, I pounced at the sulky thing before a word was spoken, and
saved it from any harm. So we went on as before. Only both my arms were
now taken by the watermelon, and poor Tomo-chan dragged on crestfallen.

But such fun we could no longer have now that we were to be separated
for a time at least, and we parted with heavy heart.

The removal was a curious affair. On five or six carts, everything in
the house from paper screens to a kitchen stove was piled up. There
was an old pomegranate-tree in the back yard which we had brought from
the country some six or seven years ago. And of course we dug it up
carefully and loaded it on the cart. Also we did not forget to pull
down long poles for drying purpose and add them to the heap, together
with two or three round stones for pressing pickles. The train of the
carts pulled by coolies then moved slowly on through the city, and it
was after dark before we could unload them at the destination.

The new house was in a charming spot. Just back of us was a low hill
thickly wooded with tall oaks and criptomerias; to the left across
a brook stretched a tilled field, fringed in the far distance with
bamboo bushes and elm groves; to the right and on the hill the eye
could command the western horizon where Fujiyama hung low like an azure
fan against the golden sky. The birds sang, the flowers bloomed, the
fire-worms glowed, and I never felt a change so delightful, coming as I
did from a town where boys believed that Indian corn either grew on a
tree, or sprang, like bamboo shoots, from the ground without planting.

My school came to be much nearer; the potted trees of my father
increased; a baby was added to our family; and, as the sun and the moon
moved on peacefully, we were all well contented with our lot.

There was not much to be recorded for our purpose in those days
except the angling my father and I had occasionally in a river. His
was always a calm turn of mind, and the soothing, restful pastime of
fishing suited him immensely. I love to picture him sitting under the
sheltering pine-tree by a quiet river bank, and handling the rod and
line, while quaint ripples of smiles came and went across his face as
the nibbling fish gave his line a tantalizing pull. Once, when it was
the season of smelt in the month of May, we went over to a stream about
two miles off. The scene around there was lovely. The mass of fresh
leaves covered the open field, and along the slope of the bank, with
stunted willows here and there, myriads of dandelions like golden stars
studded the green. And the breeze was fanning leisurely the warmth of
the May sun. The stream was shallow, and was singing and foaming on the
pebbly bed.

“Let’s see what we can do about here,” said my father, as he selected
a spot where the water was going on in a cataract. And we cast our
flies and tried our luck. But, after awhile, having no success, I began
to doubt if my father had chosen the right spot, and so I thought
that I had better follow up the river and see if they bit. I left my
father to his fortune and started on my adventure. I did not know that
smelt-fishing was such a dull business, for, wherever I went, there was
the foaming pool, the steady flow, and there were practically no bites.
Yes, there was one, but I only fished a piece of some rotten wood or
dripping moss! I wondered what my father was doing, and, not without a
smile over his probable ill-luck, I went back, when I found him still
standing in the same spot. I doubted if he was not going to take root
there. I at once inquired about his success. “No, nothing remarkable,”
he gently replied, dreaming on the sparkling water. I went to his
basket dipped in the river, and lifted the lid, when a large prisoner,
disturbed by the jar I gave, snapped violently! After all, I thought,
he was of a piece with Izaak Walton.

So days passed, and more than a year rolled on since our removal. It
was now the latter part of October, when one day we had unexpected
visitors. They were my aunt and Tomo-chan. This was not their first
visit since we came here, but I had always been out and had had no
chance to meet them. Still, they did not come very often, and so my
aunt, with many bows, apologized for her negligence to call, while
my mother, with equal courtesy, was not behind the guest in heaping
up apologies for neglect on her part. Then, as tea and cakes were
produced, inquiry after the health and condition of each member of the
family issued from both sides, and was answered modestly, followed
by amiable comment from the inquirers. Then, with equal lightness of
heart, the season was talked over, the recent events, and, indeed,
anything of timely interest.

While such a talk was going on my eyes were secretly on Tomo-chan. I
was surprised at her change. I left her a mere child only a year and
a half ago, but the bud of yesterday was the flower of to-day. With a
snowy neck and rosy cheeks, her ebony hair done up stylishly, she sat
in striped silk of light azure and dove-gray. She no longer looked
at me straight, but, except for furtive glances, her eyes sought her
jewelled hands, idly occupied in clasping and unclasping on her knees.
A glow of bashfulness was beaming from her as most eyes sought their
focus in her.

As the talk was about to become more personal, my mother suggested
that Tomo-chan might go out with me as a guide to look around the
place, which was beautiful at that time. My aunt seconded the motion,
and asked me to take the trouble of doing so. So there was no need of
hesitation, and in the next moment we were out for a walk on a country
road.

At first we were speechless. She appeared to me no longer approachable
with the familiarity of “Tomo-chan.” But as the autumnal breeze cooled
down her bashfulness, and the beauty of the scenery was absorbing her
attention more and more, I ventured to falter:

“Tomo-chan!”

“Yes?”

She looked at me with her eyes beaming with laughter, and there was the
same old innocent childhood, but where was the bashfulness?

“Do you find this beautiful?” I asked.

“Yes, certainly.”

“It wasn’t so beautiful yesterday.”

“You mean to say that you had a sudden frost last night that tinged the
leaves?” she archly asked.

“Why, more sudden than that; it got to be lovelier this very afternoon.
We’ve had something better than a frost.”

“How is it possible?” She laughed.

“No stranger than that you are changed so _beautifully_ in a year.”

I said what I should not have said, for she blushed to the roots of her
hair, and I repented of my forwardness.

“But come along, Tomo-chan. I’ll show you what you have not seen yet.”

And I took her over the hill and pointed to the faint shadow of the
peerless mountain.

“Why, Fujiyama!” she exclaimed. “Oh, how lovely! Could you see that
every day from here?”

“Not in rainy weather.... But she wanted to see you to-day, as
everybody else did, and waited there from morning.”

“I wish you would thank her for that, Sakae-san.”

“You ought first to thank him who told her about your coming.”

“Oh,” she smilingly said, “but don’t tell me his name now, as I want to
repay him afterwards--abundantly.”

I touched her dimple as she said so, and then we went to the secluded
part of the hill where the crimson branches of maples were projecting
from the green background, the red frosted “crows’ melons” festooned
high on the criptomerias, and the wild chrysanthemums were blooming
lavishly. In such a charming spot Tomo-chan was a child of thirteen,
and wanted me to take “crows’ melons”--I wonder if she remembered the
watermelon incident?--and to gather chrysanthemums, and laughed and
sang to her heart’s content. She was her old very self. As the setting
sun was resting on her shoulder, I decked her hair with wild flowers,
and whispered in her ear that she would remember evermore the day we
spent together. She nodded, and smiled the sweetest of smiles.


THE END.




  BOOKS
  FOR
  Young Americans.

  By ELBRIDGE S. BROOKS.

_THE POPULAR “TRUE STORY” SERIES._

    Seven 4to volumes of from 200 to 250 pages each, profusely
    illustrated and attractively bound in cloth, each $1.50.

    “A series which is worthy of hearty commendation. Every grown-up
    person who has read one of them will wish to buy the whole series
    for the young folks at home.”--_The Christian Advocate._

This series contains:

    THE TRUE STORY OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, called the Admiral.
                                                      _Revised Edition._

    THE TRUE STORY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, called the Father of His
    Country.

    THE TRUE STORY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN, the American.

    THE TRUE STORY OF U. S. GRANT, the American Soldier.

    THE TRUE STORY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, the American Statesman.

    THE TRUE STORY OF LAFAYETTE, the Friend of America.

    THE TRUE STORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. From 1492 to 1900.

Also, recently published:

    IN BLUE AND WHITE. A Story of the American Revolution. 8vo,
    illustrated, $1.50.


  Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.,
  93 FEDERAL STREET        BOSTON.




  American Heroes and Heroines

[Illustration]

  By PAULINE CARRINGTON BOUVÉ Illustrated 12mo Cloth $1.25

This book, which will tend directly toward the making of patriotism
in young Americans, contains some twenty brief, clever and attractive
sketches of famous men and women in American history, among them Father
Marquette, Anne Hutchinson, Israel Putnam, Molly Pitcher, Paul Jones,
Dolly Madison, Daniel Boone, etc. Mrs. Bouvé is well known as a writer
both of fiction and history, and her work in this case is admirable.

    “The style of the book for simplicity and clearness of expression
    could hardly be excelled.”--_Boston Budget._


  The Scarlet Patch
  The Story of a Patriot Boy in the Mohawk Valley

  By MARY E. Q. BRUSH Illustrated by GEORGE W. PICKNELL $1.25

“The Scarlet Patch” was the badge of a Tory organization, and a
loyal patriot boy, Donald Bastien, is dismayed at learning that his
uncle, with whom he is a “bound boy,” is secretly connected with this
treacherous band. Thrilling scenes follow in which a faithful Indian
figures prominently, and there is a vivid presentation of the school
and home life as well as the public affairs of those times.

    “A book that will be most valuable to the library of the young
    boy.”--_Providence News._


  Stories of Brave Old Times

  Some Pen Pictures of Scenes Which
  Took Place Previous to, or Connected
  With, the American Revolution

  By HELEN M. CLEVELAND Profusely illustrated Large 12mo Cloth $1.25

[Illustration]

It is a book for every library, a book for adults, and a book for the
young. Perhaps no other book yet written sets the great cost of freedom
so clearly before the young, consequently is such a spur to patriotism.

    “It can unqualifiedly be commended as a book for youthful readers;
    its great wealth of illustrations adding to its value.”--_Chicago
    News._


[Illustration]

  Famous Children

  By H. TWITCHELL Illustrated $1.25

We have here a most valuable book, telling not of the childhood of
those who have afterwards become famous, but those who as children
are famous in history, song, and story. For convenience the subjects
are grouped as “Royal Children,” “Child Artists,” “Learned Children,”
“Devoted Children,” “Child Martyrs,” and “Heroic Children,” and the
names of the “two little princes,” Louis XVII., Mozart, St. Genevieve,
David, and Joan of Arc are here, as well as those of many more.

  The Story of the Cid
  For Young
  People

  By CALVIN DILL WILSON Illustrated by J. W. KENNEDY $1.25

Mr. Wilson, a well-known writer and reviewer, has prepared from
Southey’s translation, which was far too cumbrous to entertain the
young, a book that will kindle the imagination of youth and entertain
and inform those of advanced years.


[Illustration]

  Jason’s Quest

  By D. O. S. LOWELL, A. M., M. D. Master in Roxbury Latin School
  Illustrated $1.00

Nothing can be better to arouse the imagination of boys and girls, and
at the same time store in their minds knowledge indispensable to any
one who would be known as cultured, or happier than Professor Lowell’s
way of telling a story, and the many excellent drawings have lent great
spirit to the narrative.


  Heroes of the Crusades

  By AMANDA M. DOUGLAS Cloth Fifty full-page illustrations $1.50

The romantic interest in the days of chivalry, so fully exemplified by
the “Heroes of the Crusades,” is permanent and properly so. This book
is fitted to keep it alive without descending to improbability or cheap
sensationalism.


[Illustration]

  A Boy of a Thousand Years Ago

  By HARRIET T. COMSTOCK Large 12mo Profusely illustrated with
  full-page drawings and chapter headings by GEORGE VARIAN $1.00

It will at once be understood that the “boy” of the story is Alfred the
Great in his youth, but it cannot be understood how delightful a story
this is until it is seen and read. The splendid pictures of George
Varian make this book superior among juveniles.

    “Not a boy lives who will not enjoy this book thoroughly. There
    is a good deal of first-class historical information woven into
    the story, but the best part of it is the splendid impression
    of times and manners it gives in old England a thousand years
    ago.”--_Louisville Courier-Journal._

    “Mrs. Comstock writes very appreciatively of Little Alfred, who was
    afterward the Great, and from mighty meagre materials creates a
    story that hangs together well. The illustrations for this volume
    are especially beautiful.”--_Boston Home Journal._


[Illustration]

  The Story of Joan of Arc
  FOR
  BOYS AND GIRLS

  By KATE E. CARPENTER Illustrated by AMY BROOKS, also from
  paintings, and with map Large 12mo Cloth $1.00

The favorite story of Joan of Arc is here treated in a uniquely
attractive way. “Aunt Kate” tells the story of Joan of Arc to Master
Harold, aged 11, and to Misses Bessie and Marjorie, aged 10 and 8,
respectively, to their intense delight. They look up places on the
map, and have a fine time while hearing the thrilling story, told in
such simple language that they can readily understand it all. Parents
and teachers will also be greatly interested in this book from an
educational point of view.

    “The tale is well told and the children will delight in
    it.”--_Chicago Post._

    “Told so simply and clearly that young readers cannot fail to be
    entertained and instructed.”--_Congregationalist, Boston._


For sale by all booksellers or sent postpaid on receipt of price by the
publishers,

LOTHROP, LEE & SHEPARD CO., BOSTON




TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:


  Archaic spelling that may have been in use at the time of publication
  has been preserved.

  Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.





End of Project Gutenberg's When I Was a Boy in Japan, by Sakae Shioya



*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHEN I WAS A BOY IN JAPAN ***


    

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
States without permission and without paying copyright
royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following
the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use
of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very
easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation
of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project
Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may
do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected
by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark
license, especially commercial redistribution.


START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person
or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual
works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting
free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™
works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily
comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when
you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no
representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear
prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work
on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed,
performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

    This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
    other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
    whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
    of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
    at www.gutenberg.org. If you
    are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws
    of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
  
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is
derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works
posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format
other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official
version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain
Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:

    • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
        the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method
        you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
        to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has
        agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
        Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
        within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
        legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
        payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
        Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
        Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
        Literary Archive Foundation.”
    
    • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
        you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
        does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
        License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
        copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
        all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™
        works.
    
    • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
        any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
        electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
        receipt of the work.
    
    • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
        distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
    

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than
are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right
of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,
Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread
public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state
visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.