Title: Index of the Project Gutenberg Works of Alexis de Tocqueville
Author: Alexis de Tocqueville
Editor: David Widger
Release date: January 7, 2019 [eBook #58644]
Most recently updated: February 25, 2021
Language: English
Credits: Produced by David Widger
|
## DEMOCRACY IN
AMERICA, Vol 1 ## DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA, Vol 2 ## AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS ## THE RECOLLECTIONS OF TOQUEVILLE ## SOCIETY IN FRANCE BEFORE THE REVOLUTION OF 1789 |
| ADVERTISEMENT. |
| PREFACE TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. |
| TABLE OF CONTENTS. |
| INTRODUCTION. |
| AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS. |
CONTENTSPART THE FIRST CHAPTER I
PAGE
Origin and Character of these Recollections—General
aspect of the period preceding the Revolution of 1848—Preliminary
symptoms of the Revolution3
The Banquets—Sense of security
entertained by the Government—Anxiety of Leaders of the
Opposition—Arraignment of Ministers19
Troubles of the 22nd of February—The
Sitting of the 23rd—The New Ministry—Opinions of M.
Dufaure and M. de Beaumont33
Paris on the morrow of the 24th of February and
the next days—The socialistic character of the New Revolution90
Vacillation of the Members of the Old
Parliament as to the attitude they should adopt—My own
reflections on my mode of action, and my resolves102
Aspect of the Cabinet—Its first Acts
until after the insurrectionary attempts of the 13th of June278
Our domestic policy—Internal quarrels in
the Cabinet—Its difficulties in its relations with the
Majority and the President301
M. Dufaure's efforts to prevent the Revolution of
February—Responsibility of M. Thiers, which renders them
futile389
My conversation with Berryer, on the 21st of
June, at an appointment which I had given him at my house. We were
both Members of the Committee for the revision of the Constitution394
INDEXAbdul Medjid, Sultan of Turkey (1823-1861), on question of Hungarian refugees, 373.d'Adelsward, in the National Assembly, 162. Ampère, Jean Jacques (1800-1864), character of, 87. Andryane, in the Chamber of Deputies, 72. Arago, Étienne, on the barricades, 387. Austria, her relations with Hungary and Russia, 335. —— Tsar's views on, 337. Austrians, in Italy, 333. —— submits to the influence of Russia, 352 (foot-note). —— and Piedmont, 353. —— demands Hungarian refugees from Turkey, 361. B Baden, revolution put down in, 342. —— Tocqueville interferes on behalf of the rebels (foot-note), 342. Banquets, the, affair of, 18. Banquet in Paris, forbidden by Government, 30. —— Rivet's statement in regard to, 390 Barbès, Armand (1810-1870), in the National Assembly, 164. —— goes to the Hôtel de Ville, 168. —— impeached by the Assembly, 173. Barricades, the, construction of, 47. Barrot, Camille Hyacinthe Odilon (1791-1873), alliance of, with Thiers, 19. —— replies to Hébert in Chamber of Deputies, 28. Barrot, recoils from Banquet in Paris, 31. Barrot, sent for by Louis-Philippe, 45. —— on the Revolution, 59. —— and the barricades, 74. —— in Committee of Constitution, 243, 246, 250, 255. —— tries to form a new Cabinet, 267. —— succeeds, 277. —— with Beaumont, &c., 379. —— his version of the abdication of Louis-Philippe, 385. Bastide, gets the Assembly to appoint Cavaignac Military Dictator, 204. Beaumont, Gustave de la Bonninière de (1802-1866), Tocqueville's conversation with, 41. —— is sent for by Louis-Philippe, 45. —— tells Tocqueville of abdication of Louis-Philippe, 58. —— meets Tocqueville, 74. —— sits with Tocqueville in National Assembly, 142. —— in Committee of the Constitution, 252. —— his interview with Tocqueville and political friends, 267. —— sent as Ambassador to Vienna, 321. —— letter of Tocqueville to, on the Hungarian refugees, 370. —— his account of the abdication of Louis-Philippe, 379. Beaumont, Madame de, notice of, 41. Bedeau, General Marie Alphonse (1804-1863), on the Place Louis XV, 51. —— character of, 52. —— nearly killed in Insurrection, 227. —— his interview with Tocqueville and his political friends, 267. Berlin, Persigny sent to, 323. Berryer, Pierre Antoine (1790-1868), his discussion with Tocqueville on the proposed Constitution, 394. [402]Billault, Auguste Adolphe Marie (1805-1863), in the Chamber of Deputies, 74. —— and banquets, 390. Blanc, Jean Joseph Louis (1811-1882), in the National Assembly, 166. Blanqui, Louis Auguste (1805-1881), in the National Assembly, 163. Blanqui, Adolphe Jérôme (1798-1854), anecdote of, 197. Bloomfield, John Arthur Douglas Bloomfield, Lord (1802-1879), British Minister at St Petersburg, 374. —— snubbed by Nesselrode, idem. Broglie, Achille Charles Léonce Victor Duc de (1785-1870), his seclusion, 106. —— and foreign affairs, 330. Buchez, Philippe Benjamin Joseph (1769-1865), in the National Assembly, 162. Bugeaud, Thomas Robert Marshal, Marquis de la Piconnerie, Duc d'Isly (1784-1849), in favour of the Duchesse d'Orléans, 72. —— dying of cholera, 290. —— his ambition, 380. Buffel, Minister of Agriculture, 276. C Cabinet, Members of the, 278. Cavaignac, General Louis Eugène (1802-1857), in the Insurrection of June, 195. —— made Military Dictator, 204. —— Tocqueville votes for, 263. —— speech of, 297. Chamber of Deputies, the, state of in 1848, 10. —— Tocqueville's speech in, on 27th January 1848, 14. —— Speeches in, by Hébert and Barrot, 28. —— state of, on 22nd February, 33. —— state of, on 23rd February, 36. —— Guizot in, 36. —— state of, on 24th February, 56. —— Tocqueville's estimate of its utility, 58. —— Duchesse d'Orléans in, 60. —— invaded by the people, 62. Chambers, one or two? debate on, in the Committee of the Constitution, 242. Changarnier, General Nicolas Anne Théodule (1793-1877), Rulhière's jealousy of, 279. —— sent for, 295. —— puts down insurrection, 298. Champeaux, his relation with Lamartine, 147. —— his relation with Tocqueville, 149. Charles X., King of France and Navarre (1757-1836), flight of, in 1830, 85. Chateaubriand, François René, Vicomte de (1768-1848), death of, 230. Committee for the Constitution, appointed, 233. —— proceedings of, 235. Considérant, Victor, appointed on Committee of the Constitution, 233. —— escapes after insurrection, 299. Constituent Assembly, prohibits Government from attacking Rome, 288. Coquerel, Athanase Laurent Charles (1795-1875), in the Committee of the Constitution, 246. Corbon, on the Committee of the Constitution, 257. Corcelles, with Lanjuinais and Tocqueville on the boulevards, 48. —— sits with Tocqueville in National Assembly, 142. —— in the Insurrection of June, 191. —— his interview with Tocqueville and his political friends, 267. Cormenin, Louis Marie de la Haye, Vicomte de (1788-1868), appointed a Commissioner for Paris, 206. —— appointed on the Committee of the Constitution, 232. —— in the Committee of the Constitution, 247, 257. Council General, the, meets at Saint-Lô, 125. Courtais, General, in the National Assembly, 171. —— impeached by Assembly, 173. Crémieux, Isaac Adolphe (1796-1880), in the Chamber of Deputies, 65. —— appointed a Commissioner for Paris, 206. —— what Janvier said of him, 210. D Degousée, in the National Assembly, 159. Dembinski, General Henry (1791-1864), flees to the Turks, 361. [403]Dornès, appointed on the Committee of the Constitution, 235. Dufaure, Jules Armand Stanislas (1798-1881), Tocqueville's conversation with, 17. —— character of, 40. —— tells Tocqueville of his interview with Louis-Philippe, 47. —— sits with Tocqueville in National Assembly, 142. —— converses with Tocqueville, Thiers, Barrot, Rémusat, and Lanjuinais, 203. —— appointed on the Committee of the Constitution, 233. —— conduct of, in the Committee, 243, 255. —— his interview with Tocqueville and his political friends, 267. —— made Minister of the Interior, 272. —— with the President, 296. —— rupture with Falloux, 307. —— speech in Assembly, 310. —— character of, 313. —— with the President, 322. —— and banquets, 390. —— his conduct on 24th February 1848, 393. Duchâtel, Charles Marie Tannequi, Comte (1803-1867), Minister of the Interior, character of and conversation with, 23. —— want of tact in his speech on the banquets, 27. —— flight of, 136. Dupin, André Marie Jean Jacques (1783-1865), speech of, in the Chamber of Deputies, 62. —— in the Committee of the Constitution, 243. Duvergier de Hauranne, Prosper (1798-1881), interview with, 22. —— with Beaumont, &c., 379. —— refuses to compromise on the banquet, 392. Duvivier, killed in Insurrection, 227. E England, Tocqueville's estimate of the policy of, 359. —— on question of Hungarian refugees in Turkey, 366. F Falloux, Alfred Frédéric Pierre, Comte de (1811-1886), proposes the dissolution of the National Workshops, 193. —— Minister of Public Instruction, 273. —— leader of majority in the Cabinet, 281. —— his influence with Louis Napoleon, 303. —— intercourse with Tocqueville, 305. —— rupture with Dufaure, 307. —— with the President, 322. —— on the question of the Hungarian refugees, 369. Faucher, Léon (1803-1854), Minister of the Interior, 266. Feast of Concord, the, proposal to hold, and celebration of, 174. France, state of, when Tocqueville becomes Minister of Foreign Affairs, 339. Frederic William IV., King of Prussia (1795-1861), the Tsar's opinion of, 337. —— his character and his aims for Germany, 346. —— his coquetting with revolt, 351. —— submits to the influence of Russia, 352 (foot-note). G General Election, the, antecedents of, 105. —— new, 265. Germany, state of, 333. —— Confederation of States in, 347. —— views of Baron Pfordten in regard to, 348. —— views of Tocqueville in regard to, 349. —— views of Tsar in regard to, 350, 353. Goudchaux, Michel (1797-1862), appointed a Commissioner for Paris, 206. —— his conduct in that capacity, 213. Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume (1787-1874), opinion of, 9. —— in Chamber of Deputies, 36. —— resigns Government, 36. —— opinion of, on the Revolution, 79. —— flight of, 136. [404]H Havin, Léonor Joseph (1799-1868), chairs meeting for Tocqueville, 122. —— and Barrot, 389. Hébert, Minister of Justice, character of and speech by, 28. Houghton, Richard Monckton Milnes, Lord (1809-1885), Tocqueville breakfasts with, 184. Huber, in National Assembly, 167. Hungary, revolting against Austria, 335. —— Tsar's views on, 337. —— Tocqueville's instructions concerning, 360. I Insurrection of June, nature of narrative of, 187. Italy, the Tsar's views on, 338. K Kossuth, Louis (1802-1894), flees to the Turks, 361. L Lacordaire, Jean Baptiste Henri Dominique (1802-1861), in the National Assembly, 161. Lacrosse, character of, 280. La Fayette, Edmond de, and his life-preserver, 175. Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis Prat de (1790-1869), in the Chamber of Deputies, 62, 66. —— reads out the list of the Provisional Government, 70. —— gets embarrassed in the Chamber of Deputies, 71. —— his conduct and character, 145. —— Tocqueville's relations with, 147. —— his connexion with Champeaux, 147. —— his speech in the Assembly, 151. —— his sudden departure from the Assembly, 159. —— reappears in National Assembly, 171. Lamartine, at the Feast of Concord, 180. —— shot at in the Insurrection of June, 194. Lamartine, Madame de, notice of, 154. Lamennais, Hugues Félicité Robert de (1782-1855), appointed on Committee of the Constitution, 233. Lamoricière, General Christophe Léon Louis Juchault de (1806-1865), character of, 91. —— in Insurrection of June, 192, 220. —— his interview with Tocqueville and his political friends, 267. —— sent as Ambassador to Russia, 303. —— letter about the Tsar of Russia, 336. —— instructions of Tocqueville to, 360. —— letter of, to Tocqueville, 364. —— letter of Tocqueville to, on Hungarian refugees, 370. —— conduct of, in regard to them, 372. Lanjuinais, Victor Ambroise de (1802-1869), Tocqueville in company of, 42. —— with Tocqueville and Corcelles on the boulevards, 46. —— sits with Tocqueville in the National Assembly, 142. —— his interview with Tocqueville and his political friends, 267. —— joins the Council, 274. —— on the question of the Hungarian refugees, 369. Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre Auguste (1807-1874), in the Chamber of Deputies, 65, 71. —— character of, 150. —— in the National Assembly, 163. —— has to escape from the National Assembly, 173. —— demands the indictment of Louis Napoleon, 292. —— escapes after the Insurrection, 299. Legitimists, views and condition of, 302. Lepelletier d'Aunay, Tocqueville meets, 213. Louis Napoleon, Prince President of the French Republic (1808-1873), elected to the National Assembly, 183. —— President of the Republic, 270. —— character of, 283. —— orders the attack on Rome, 289. —— attacked in Assembly, 292. —— puts down Insurrection, 298. —— intrigues with Thiers and Molé, 315. —— in connexion with Tocqueville, 317. [405]—— with Beaumont, Dufaure and Passy, 321-2. —— his general ignorance, 331. —— wishes to take Savoy, 332. —— Tocqueville and Berryer's discussion about the powers of, 394. Louis-Philippe, King of the French (1773-1850), Tocqueville's interview with, 7. —— his opinion of Lord Palmerston, idem. —— of the Tsar Nicholas, idem. —— refers to Queen Victoria, idem. —— influence of, 10. —— on the Banquets, 26. —— Sallandrouze, conversation with, 35. —— sends for Molé, 37. —— sends for Beaumont, 45. —— abdicates, 58. —— character of, and of his Government, 81. —— finally disappears from France, 105. —— Beaumont's account of abdication of, 379. Lyons, insurrection in, 298. M Manche, la, department of, 114. —— proceedings in election of, 117. —— election of Tocqueville for, 263. Marrast, Armand (1780-1852), and the Provisional Government, 71. —— suggests costume for National Representatives, 135. —— as Mayor of Paris, 227. —— appointed on the Committee of the Constitution, 233. —— conduct of, in the Committee, 241, 247, 255. —— appointed Secretary of the Committee, 256. Martin, on the Committee of the Constitution, 254. Middle Class, the, government of, 5. —— despair of, 133. Molé, Matthieu Louis, Comte (1781-1855), sent for by Louis-Philippe, 37. —— declines office, 45. —— opinion of, on the Revolution, 79. —— on General Election, 107. —— elected to the National Assembly, 182. —— refuses to take office, 267. —— intrigues with the President, 315. —— on Foreign Affairs, 330. —— and abdication of Louis-Philippe, 385. —— with Rivet and Dufaure, 393. Montagnards, the description of, 137. —— separation of, from the Socialists, 154. —— crushed, 231. —— strengthened at the new election, 263. —— supporters of, 266. —— feelings towards the President, 292. Montalembert, Charles Forbes René, Comte de (1810-1870), opposes the Government scheme on railways, 190. Montpensier, Antoine d'Orléans, Duc de (1824-1890), at the abdication of Louis-Philippe, 384. N National Assembly, the, meets on 4th of May, 133. —— description of, 133. —— Tocqueville's opinion of, 142. —— speech of Lamartine in, 151. —— invaded by the mob, 160. —— breaks up, 168. —— National Guards take possession of, 170. —— addresses from provinces, in support of, 182. —— agrees to pension families of men killed in putting down the Insurrection, 206. —— threatened, 228. —— state of the new Assembly, 265, 270, 291. National Guard, the, invited by Radical party to the banquet in Paris, 30. —— on the morning of the 24th February, 44. —— shouting "Reform," 49. —— Detachment of, in the Chamber of Deputies, 61, 72. —— disappearance of, 94. —— take possession of National Assembly, 170. —— at Feast of Concord, 178. —— in Insurrection of June, 200. —— shout "Long live the National Assembly," 207. —— eager to put down the Insurrection, 213. —— wounded of, being carried away, 226. [406]—— surrounded, 294. —— three regiments of, cashiered, 309. National Workshops, the, create anxiety in the Assembly, 181. —— Falloux proposes dissolution of, 193. —— supply weapons to insurgents in June, 198. Négrier, killed in the Insurrection, 227. Nemours, Louis Charles Philippe Raphael d'Orléans, Duc de (1814-1896), thought of as Regent, 383. —— and Barrot, 388. Nesselrode, Charles Robert, Count (1780-1862), snubs Lord Palmerston, 374. Nicholas I., Tsar of all the Russias (1796-1855), supports Austria against Hungary, 335. —— his general policy, 336. —— Lamoricière's letter about, 336. —— his family affection, 339. —— the real support of his power, 339. —— views of, on an United Germany, 350. —— demands Hungarian refugees from Turkey, 364. —— his irritation about Hungarian refugees, 373. Normanby, Constantine Henry Phipps, Marquess of (1797-1863), Ambassador in Paris, 368. Novara, Battle of, 323. O D'Orléans, Hélène, Duchesse (1814-1858), in the Chamber of Deputies, 60. —— and the abdication of Louis-Philippe, 384. —— and Barrot, 389. Oudinot, General Nicolas Charles Victor, Duc de Reggio (1791-1863), in the Chamber of Deputies, 72. P Palmerston, Henry John Temple, Viscount (1784-1865) on Piedmont and Austria, 359. —— snubbed by Nesselrode, 374. Paris, Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Comte de (1838-1894), in the Chamber of Deputies, 60. Passy, character of, 272. —— with the President, 322. Paulmier, Tocqueville dines with, on the 22nd February, 34. Persigny, Jean Gilbert Victor Fialin, Duc de (1808-1872), sent to Berlin and Vienna, 323. Piedmont and Austria, 353. Portalis, character of, 42. Presidency, condition of, discussed in the Committee of the Constitution, 246. Provisional Government, the, proclaimed, 59. —— Lamartine reads list of, in the Chamber of Deputies, 70. —— appoints a costume for National Representatives, 134. —— reports its proceedings to the National Assembly, 135. R Radetzky, Field-Marshal Johann Joseph Wenzel Anton Franz Carl, Count (1766-1858), and Piedmont, 355. Radical Party, state of the, in January 1848, 25. Raspail, François Vincent (1794-1878), in the National Assembly, 162. Revolutionaries, description of the, 137. —— in the National Assembly, 158. Rivet, his conversation with Tocqueville, 389. —— consultation of, with Liberals, on the subject of the banquets, 390. —— another conversation with Tocqueville, 392. —— with Molé and Dufaure, 393. Rome, the French Army at, 263. —— difficulties about, 269. —— secret order to the army to attack, 291. Rulhière, character of, 279. S Saint-Lô, meeting of the Council General at, 125. Sallandrouze de Lamornaix meets Tocqueville at dinner at Paulmier's, 35. —— snubbed by Louis-Philippe, idem. Sand, George (1804-1876), Tocqueville's conversation with, 183. Sauzet, President of the Chamber of Deputies, 57. [407]Savoy, Louis Napoleon wishes to seize, 332. Schwarzenberg, Felix Ludwig Johann Friedrich, Prince von (1808-1852), and Tocqueville, 358. Sénard, President of the Assembly, 214. Sicily, state of, 333. Sobrier, in National Assembly, 167. Socialism, influence of theories of, 97. —— Dufaure's conflict with, 312. Socialists, the, description of, 137. —— separation of, from Montagnards, 154. Switzerland, Tocqueville's correspondence with, on the subject of the refugees, 343. T Talabot, and Thiers, 75. Thiers, Louis Adolphe (1797-1877), alliance of, with Barrot, 19. —— sent for by Louis-Philippe, 45. —— wandering round Paris, 74. —— opinion of, on the Revolution, 79. —— on the General Election, 106. —— defeated at the General Election, 136. —— elected to the National Assembly, 182. —— addresses Barrot, Dufaure, Rémusat, Lanjuinais and Tocqueville in private, 202. —— with Lamoricière, 225. —— refuses to take office, 267. —— with the President, 296. —— intrigues with the President, 315. —— on foreign affairs, 330. —— with Beaumont, &c., 379. —— advises Louis-Philippe to abdicate, 383. —— his interview with Barrot, 385. —— refuses to compromise on the banquets, 392. Tocqueville, Charles Alexis Henri Maurice Clérel de (1805-1859), his purpose in writing these memoirs, 3. —— his intercourse with Louis-Philippe, 7. —— his estimate of the state of France in January 1848, 9. —— picture of the state of the Chamber of Deputies in 1847, 12. —— his speech in the Chamber of Deputies, 29th January 1848, 14. —— remarks on this speech by Dufaure and others, 17. —— his position on the affair of the banquets, 19. —— his estimate of Duchâtel, Minister of the Interior, 23. —— his thoughts on the policy of the Radical party, 25. —— his knowledge of how the affair of the banquets passed into an insurrection, 30. —— his estimate of the selfishness of both sides, 39. —— private conversation with Dufaure, 40. —— private conversation with Beaumont, 41. —— private conversation with Lanjuinais, 42. —— hears of the firing in the streets on 24th February 1848, 44. —— sees preparations for barricades, 46. —— meets a defeated party of National Guards on the boulevards, and hears shouts of "Reform," 49. —— reflections which this occasions, 50. —— goes to Chamber of Deputies on 24th February, 51. —— recognises Bedeau on his way, 52. —— character of Bedeau and condition on that day, 53. —— appearance presented by the Chamber of Deputies, 56. —— sees the Duchesse d'Orléans and the Comte de Paris there, 60. —— tries to get Lamartine to speak, 63. —— his interest in the Duchess and her son, 69. —— seeks to protect them, 69. —— leaves the Chamber and meets Oudinot and Andryane, 72. —— contradicts an assertion of Marshal Bugeaud, 72. —— converses with Talabot about the movements of Thiers, 75. —— his reflections on the fate of the Monarchy, 80. —— spends the evening with Ampère, 87. [408]—— goes to inquire about his nephews on the 25th February, 90. —— walks about Paris in the afternoon, 92. —— reflections on what he sees, 93. —— keeps in retirement for some days, 102. —— further reflections on the Revolution, 103. —— his own individual feelings and intentions, 107. —— resolves to seek re-election, 113. —— visits the Department of la Manche, 114. —— makes Valognes his head-quarters, 117. —— publishes his address to the electors, 118. —— meets the electors at Valognes, 120. —— addresses workmen at Cherbourg, 122. —— goes to Saint-Lô to the General Council, 125. —— his reflections on a visit to Tocqueville, 126. —— returns to Paris and finds himself elected, 129. —— his view of the state of politics and of Paris, 130. —— National Assembly meets, 133. —— his opinion of the Montagnards, 138. —— his estimate of the Assembly, 141. —— his character of Lamartine, 146. —— his intercourse with Champeaux, 149. —— his observation of the popular mind, 161. —— his interview with Trétat, 168. —— at the Feast of Concord, 175. —— conversation with Carnot, 176. —— anticipations of the Insurrection of June, 183. —— conversation with Madame Sand, 183. —— sees barricades of the Insurrection, 190. —— interview with Lamoricière, 192. —— goes about Paris in time of insurrection, 197. —— describes the Assembly, 198. —— writes to his wife, 203. —— protests against Paris being declared in a state of siege, 205. —— elected a Commissioner for Paris, 206. —— as such, walks through Paris, 208. —— his scene with his porter, 215. —— his scene with his man-servant, 217. —— in the streets in the Insurrection, 219. —— on his way to the Hôtel de Ville, 225. —— his account of the Montagnards, Socialists, &c., 231. —— appointed on the Committee of the Constitution, 233. —— his narrative of its proceedings, 234. —— on the duality of the Chambers, 242. —— on the conditions of the Presidency, 246. —— re-elected for la Manche, 263. —— leaves his wife ill at Bonn, 264. —— his opinion of the new Assembly, 264. —— his interview with Dufaure, &c., 267. —— ought he to enter the Ministry?, 268. —— accepts the Foreign Office, 273. —— intimacy with Lanjuinais, 275. —— his opinion of his colleagues, 278. —— his opinion of France and the Republic, 281. —— his opinion of Louis Napoleon, 284. —— speech in Assembly on the Roman expedition, 293. —— his letters to and from Considérant, 299. —— his view of affairs after the Insurrection, 301. —— sends Lamoricière to Russia, 303. —— his difficulties with Falloux and Dufaure, 306. —— his advice to Louis Napoleon, 317. —— sends Beaumont to Vienna, 321. —— his view of Foreign and Domestic Affairs when he became Foreign Minister, 325. —— his despatch to the French Minister in Bavaria (foot-note), 342. —— his dealings with Switzerland about the refugees, 344. —— his observations on the Revolution in Germany, 345. —— his intervention between Austria and Piedmont, 353. —— his interposition in support of Turkey on the Hungarian refugees question, 361. [409]—— his instruction to Lamoricière and Beaumont, 371. —— narrative of Beaumont to, on the abdication, 379. —— narrative of Barrot to, on the abdication, 385. —— Rivet and De Tocqueville's efforts to prevent Revolution, 389. —— discussion of, with Berryer on the Constitution, 394. Tocqueville, Madame de, née Mottley, her report of firing in Paris, 196. —— taken ill at Bonn, 264. Tocqueville, Manor of, Tocqueville visits, 126. Tracy, character of, 279. Trétat, and Tocqueville, 168. Turkey, refuses to surrender the Hungarian refugees, 362. V Valognes, town of, head-quarters in Tocqueville's election, 117. Valognes, Tocqueville at, 130. Vaulabelle, appointed on the Committee of the Constitution, 235. Victor Emmanuel II., King of Piedmont (1820-1878), ascends the throne on the abdication of Charles Albert, 333. Vieillard speaks at the meeting for the election of Tocqueville, 123. Vienna, Beaumont sent as Ambassador to, 321. —— Persigny sent to, 323. Vivien appointed on the Committee of the Constitution, 233. —— in the Committee of Constitution, 253. —— his interview with Tocqueville and his political friends, 267. W Wolowski, Louis (1810-1876), in the National Assembly on 15th May, 158. INDEX OF AUTHORSAbbott, Angus Evan, 414 Alison, William, 413 Basile, Giovanni Battista, 415 Bate, Francis, 414 Beerbohm, Max, 414 Burton, Sir Richard, K.C.M.G., 414, 415 Cobban, J. MacLaren, 416 Common, Thomas, 415 Connell, F. Norreys, 414 Creswick, Paul, 414 Dearmer, Mrs Percy, 414 Dobson, Austin, 414 Donovan, Major C.H.W., 416 Dowson, Ernest, 414 Farrar, Evelyn L., 416 Farrar, Very Rev. Dean F.W., 416 Field, Michael, 414 Garnett, Dr Richard, 414 Gosse, Edmund, 414 Gray, John, 414, 415 Guiffrey, Jules J., 413 Haussmann, William A., Ph.D., 415 Herrick, Robert, 414 Hobbes, John Oliver, 414 Housman, Lawrence, 414 Hoytema, Th. van, 416 Image, Selwyn, 414 Jepson, Edgar, 414 Johnson, Lionel, 414 Jones, Alfred, 414 Langley, Hugh, 416 Le Gallienne, Richard, 414 MacColl, D.S., 414 Maeterlinck, Maurice, 414 Mann, Mary E., 414, 416 Marriott Watson, Rosamond, 414 Molesworth, Mrs., 414 Moore, T. Sturge, 414 Muther, Richard, 413 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 415 Oudinot, Maréchale, Duchesse de Reggio, 413 Pain, Barry, 414 Plarr, Victor, 414 Powell, F. York, 414 Purcell, Edward, 414 Ricketts, Charles, 414 Rubens, Paul, 414 Ruvigny et Raineval, Marquis de, 416 Scull, W. Delaplaine, 414 Shannon, Charles Hazelwood, 414 Spalding, Thomas Alfred, 416 Stiegler, Gaston, 413 Strange, E.F., 414 Strange, Captain H.B., 414 Teixeira de Mattos, Alexander, 413 Tille, Alexander, Ph.D., 415 Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Comte, 414 Volz, Johanna, 415 White, Gleeson, 414 Widdrington, George, 416 Wood, Starr, 414 Zimmern, Helen, 415 |
| PAGE | ||
| Translator’s Preface to the Second Edition | [5] | |
| Preliminary Notice | [9] | |
| BOOK I. | ||
| CHAPTER | ||
| I. | Opposing Judgments passed on the French Revolution at its Origin | 1 |
| II. |
The Fundamental and Final Object of the Revolution was not, as has been supposed, the destruction of Religious Authority and the weakening of Political Power |
5 |
| III. |
Showing that the French Revolution was a Political Revolution which followed the course of Religious Revolutions, and for what Reasons |
9 |
| IV. |
Showing that nearly the whole of Europe had had precisely the same Institutions, and that these Institutions were everywhere falling to pieces |
12 |
| V. | What was the peculiar scope of the French Revolution | 16 |
| BOOK II. | ||
| I. |
Why Feudal Rights had become more odious to the People in France than in any other country |
19 |
| II. |
Showing that Administrative Centralisation is an Institution anterior in France to the Revolution of 1789, and not the product of the Revolution or of the Empire, as is commonly said |
28 |
| III. |
Showing that what is now called Administrative Tutelage was an Institution in France anterior to the Revolution |
36 |
| IV. |
Administrative Jurisdiction and the Immunity of Public Officers are Institutions of France anterior to the Revolution |
45 |
| V. |
Showing how Centralisation had been able to introduce itself among the ancient Institutions of France, and to supplant without destroying them |
50 |
| VI. | The Administrative Habits of France before the Revolution | 54 |
| VII. |
Of all European Nations France was already that in which the Metropolis had acquired the greatest preponderance over the Provinces, and had most completely absorbed the whole Empire |
63 |
| VIII. | France was the Country in which Men had become the most alike | 67 |
| IX. |
Showing how Men thus similar were more divided than ever into small Groups, estranged from and indifferent to each other |
71 |
| [4]X. |
The Destruction of Political Liberty and the Estrangement of Classes were the causes of almost all the disorders which led to the Dissolution of the Old Society of France |
84 |
| XI. |
Of the Species of Liberty which existed under the Old Monarchy, and of the Influence of that Liberty on the Revolution |
94 |
| XII. |
Showing that the Condition of the French Peasantry, notwithstanding the progress of Civilisation, was sometimes worse in the Eighteenth Century than it had been in the Thirteenth |
105 |
| XIII. |
Showing that towards the Middle of the Eighteenth Century Men of Letters became the leading Political Men of France, and of the effects of this occurrence |
119 |
| XIV. |
Showing how Irreligion had become a general and dominant passion amongst the French of the Eighteenth Century, and what influence this fact had on the character of the Revolution |
128 |
| XV. | That the French aimed at Reform before Liberty | 136 |
| XVI. |
Showing that the Reign of Louis XVI. was the most prosperous epoch of the old French Monarchy, and how this very prosperity accelerated the Revolution |
146 |
| XVII. |
Showing that the French People were excited to revolt by the means taken to relieve them |
155 |
| XVIII. |
Concerning some practices by which the Government completed the Revolutionary Education of the People of France |
162 |
| XIX. |
Showing that a great Administrative Revolution had preceded the Political Revolution, and what were the consequences it produced |
166 |
| XX. |
Showing that the Revolution proceeded naturally from the existing State of France |
175 |
| SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER. | ||
| On the Pays d’États, and especially on the Constitutions of Languedoc | 182 | |
| BOOK III. | ||
| I. |
Of the violent and undefined Agitation of the Human Mind at the moment when the French Revolution broke out |
192 |
| II. |
How this vague perturbation of the Human Mind suddenly became in France a positive passion, and what form this passion at first assumed |
201 |
| III. |
How the Parliaments of France, following precedent, overthrew the Monarchy |
205 |
| IV. |
The Parliaments discover that they have lost all Authority, just when they thought themselves masters of the Kingdom |
224 |
| V. |
Absolute Power being subdued, the true spirit of the Revolution forthwith became manifest |
229 |
| VI. |
The preparation of the instructions to the Members of the States-General drove the conception of a Radical Revolution home to the mind of the People |
240 |
| VII. |
How, on the Eve of the Convocation of the National Assembly, the mind of the Nation was more enlarged, and its spirit raised |
243 |
| Notes and Illustrations | 247 | |