The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes and Queries, Issue 199.

"Negotiis pares."] An expression of Tacitus. In Ann. vi. 39., he says of Poppæus Sabinus: "Maximis provinciis per quatuor et viginti annos impositus; nullam ob eximiam artem, sed quod par negotiis neque supra erat." Again, in Ann. xvi. 18. of C. Petronius: "Proconsul Bithyniæ, et mox consul, vigentem se ac parem negotiis ostendit."

"As Virgil saith, 'It never troubles the wolf how many the sheep be.'"] Lord Bacon, as Mr. Markby observes, evidently alludes to the following verses of Eclogue vii.:

The meaning is, however, doubtless correctly explained by Heyne: "Ut numerato pecori parcat." "Quia solam considerat lupus prædam," says Servius. The sense of the passage is, that after the shepherd has "told his tale," after he has counted his sheep, the wolf does not care how much he deranges the reckoning.

For the advice of Parmenio to attack Darius by night, and the refusal of Alexander to steal the victory, see Arrian, Exp. Alex. iii. 10.; Plut. Alex. 31., Curt. iv. 13.

"Neither is money the sinews of war, as it is trivially said."] "Nervi belli, pecunia infinita," Cic. Phil. v. 2. Machiavel, like Bacon, questions the truth of this dictum, Disc. ii. 10.

"Solon said well to Crœsus (when in ostentation he showed him his gold), 'Sir, if any other come that hath better iron than you, he will be master of all this gold.'"] This saying is not in Herodotus, or in Plutarch's Life of Solon. Query, In what ancient author is it to be found?

"Even as you may see in coppice-woods; if you leave your staddles too thick, you shall never have clean underwood, but shrubs and bushes."] The same illustration is used by Lord Bacon, in{166} his History of Henry VII.: "Like to coppice-woods, that, if you leave in them staddles too thick, they will run to bushes and briars, and have little clean underwood" (vol. iii. p. 236., ed. Montagu). The word staddle means an uncut tree in a coppice, left to grow. Thus Tusser says, "Leave growing for staddles the likest and best." See Richardson in v., and Nares' Glossary in Staddle, where other meanings of the word are explained.

"Nay, it seemeth at this instant they [the Spaniards] are sensible of this want of natives; as by the Pragmatical Sanction, now published, appeareth."] To what law does Lord Bacon allude?

"Romulus, after his death (as they report or feign), sent a present to the Romans, that above all they should intend arms, and then they should prove the greatest empire of the world."] See Livy, i. 16., where Romulus is described as giving this message to Proculus Julius. A similar message is reported in Plut. Rom. 28.

"No man can by caretaking (as the Scripture saith) add a cubit to his stature."] See Matt. vi. 27.

"I knew two noblemen of the west part of England," &c.] Query, Who are the noblemen referred to?

"When the world was young it begat more children; but now it is old it begets fewer."] This idea is taken from the ancients. Thus Lucretius:

"Consider likewise, what commodities the soil where the plantation is doth naturally yield, that they may some way help to defray the charge of the plantation; so it be not, as was said, to the untimely prejudice of the main business, as it hath fared with tobacco in Virginia."] On the excessive cultivation of tobacco by the early colonists of Virginia, see Grahame's History of North America, vol. i. p. 67. King James's objection to tobacco is well known.

"But moil not too much underground."] This old word, for to toil, to labour, has now become provincial.

"In marish and unwholesome grounds."] Marish is here used in its original sense, as the adjective of mere. Spenser and Milton use it as a substantive; whence the word marsh.

"It is the guiltiness of blood of many commiserable persons."] No instance of the word commiserable is cited in the Dictionaries from any other writer than Bacon.

"The fortune in being the first in an invention, or in a privilege, doth cause sometimes a wonderful overgrowth in riches, as it was with the first sugar-man in the Canaries."] When was the growth of sugar introduced into the Canaries? To what does Bacon allude? It does not appear that sugar is now grown in these islands; at least it is enumerated among their imports, and not among their exports.

"Henry VI. of England said of Henry VII., when he was a lad and gave him water, 'This is the lad that shall enjoy the crown for which we strive.'"] Query, Is this speech reported by any earlier writer?

"When I was in France I heard from one Dr. Pena, that the queen-mother, who was given to curious arts, caused the king her husband's nativity to be calculated under a false name, and the astrologer gave a judgment that he should be killed in a duel; at which the queen laughed, thinking her husband to be above challenges and duels; but he was slain upon a course at tilt, the splinters of the staff of Montgomery going in at his beaver."] The king here alluded to is Henri II., who was killed at a tournament in 1559; his queen was Catherine de Medici. Bacon's visit to France was in 1576-9 (Life, by Montagu, p. xvi.), during the reign of Henri III., when Catherine of Medici was queen-mother. Query, Is this prophecy mentioned in any French writer?

"Octogesimus octavus mirabilis annus." Concerning the prophecy which contained this verse, see Bayle, Dict., art. Stofler, note E: art. Bruschius, note E.

"The colours that show best by candlelight are white, carnation, and a kind of sea-water green; and oes, or spangs, as they are of no great cost, so they are of most glory." Mr. Markby says that Montagu and Spiers take the liberty of altering the word oes to ouches. Halliwell, in his Dictionary, explains oes to mean eyes, citing one manuscript example. This would agree tolerably with the sense of the passage before us. Ouches would mean jewels.

"Like as it was with Æsop's damsel, turned from a cat to a woman."] See Babrius, Fab. 32.

"Otherwise they may say, 'Multum incola fuit anima mea.'" Whence are these words borrowed?

Essay XXXIX. Of Custom and Education.—See Antith., No. 10. vol. viii. p. 359.

"Only superstition is now so well advanced, that men of the first blood are as firm as butchers by occupation, and votary resolution is made equipollent to custom, even in matter of blood."] This is an allusion to the Gunpowder Plot.

"The Indian wives strive to be burnt with the corpse of their husbands."] The practice of suttee is of great antiquity. See Strabo, xv. 1. § 30. 62.; Val. Max. ii. 6. 14.

"The lads of Sparta, of ancient time, were wont to be scourged upon the altar of Diana, without so much as queching."] To queche here means to squeak.

"Late learners cannot so well take the ply."] To take the ply is to bend according to the pressure; to be flexible and docile under instruction.

"Serpens, nisi serpentem comederit, non fit draco."] What is the origin of this saying?

The character of Cato the elder, cited from Livy, is in xxxix. 40.; but the words are quoted memoriter, and do not agree exactly with the original.

"Hermogenes the rhetorician, whose books are exceedingly subtle, who afterwards waxed stupid."] Hermogenes of Tarsus, who lived in the reign of Marcus Aurelius, wrote some able rhetorical works while he was still a young man; but at the age of twenty-five fell into a state of mental imbecility, from which he never recovered.

"Scipio Africanus, of whom Livy saith in elect, 'Ultima primis cedebant.'"] The allusion is to Ovid, Heroid. ix. 23-4.:

"A man cannot tell whether Apelles or Albert Durer were the more trifler; whereof the one would make a personage by geometrical proportions, the other by taking the best parts out of divers faces to make one excellent."] With regard to Apelles, Lord Bacon probably alludes to the story of Zeuxis in Cic. De Inv. ii. 1.

Many of the names of plants in this Essay require illustration. Gennitings appear to be broom, from genista; quodlins are codlings, a species of apple; wardens are a species of pear, concerning which see Hudson's Domestic Architecture of the Thirteenth Century, p. 137. Bullaces are explained by Halliwell to be a small black and tartish plum, growing wild in some parts of the country.

"My meaning is perceived, that you may have ver perpetuum, as the place affords."] The allusion, probably, is to Virgil, Georg. ii. 149.:

"Little low hedges, round, like welts, with some pretty pyramids, I like well."] A welt was the turned-over edge of a garment.

"Abeunt studia in mores."] From Ovid's Epistle of Sappho to Phaon, Ep. xv. 83.

"Let him study the schoolmen, for they are cymini sectores."] The word κυμινοπρίστης is applied in Aristot., Eth. Nic. iv. 3., to a miserly person; one who saves cheeseparings and candle-ends.

Essay LII. Of Ceremonies and Respects.—See Antith., No. 34. vol. viii. p. 371.

"It doth much add to a man's reputation, and is (as Queen Isabella saith) like perpetual letters commendatory, to have good forms."] Query, Which Queen Isabella was the author of this saying?

"Pessimum genus inimicorum laudantium."] From Tacit. Agric. c. 41., where the words are: "Pessimum inimicorum genus, laudantes." Laudantium for laudantes in the text of Bacon is an error.

"Judges ought to remember that their office is jus dicere, and not jus dare."] Compare Aph. 44. and 46., in the eighth book De Augmentis.

BISHOP BURNET, H. WHARTON, AND SMITH.

The following curious piece of literary history is quoted from pp. 145-147. of Smith's De Re Nummaria:

EARLY PHILADELPHIA DIRECTORIES.

The first Philadelphia Directories were published in the year 1785, when two appeared: White's and M'Pherson's. The latter is a duodecimo volume of 164 pages, and contains some things worth making a note of.

Some persons do not seem to have comprehended the object of the inquiries made of the inhabitants as to their names and occupations; supposing, perhaps, that they had some connexion with taxation. The answers given by such are put down in the Directory as the names of the respondents. Thus:

The alphabetical arrangement of a Directory is as great a leveller as the grave. In the Directory for 1798, after—

These were Louis Philippe and one of his brothers, who lived at the north-west corner of Fourth and Princes Streets, in a house still standing, and now numbered 110.

Talleyrand and Volney lived for some time in Philadelphia; but, not being house-keepers, their names do not appear in any of the Directories.

SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.

Shakspeare Readings, No. X.—"Sheer" versus "Warwick-sheer."—At page 143. of Notes and Emendations, Mr. Collier indulges in the following reverie:—

The meaning of sheer ale was strong ale—that which we now call "entire"—ale unmixed, unreduced, unmitigated—the antithesis of that "small ale," for a pot of which poor Sly begged so hard, sinking his demand at last to "a pot o' the smallest ale." If Christopher lived in our own times, he might, on common occasions, indulge in small; but for great treats he would have Barclay's entire: and, instead of bullying Dame Hacket about "sealed quarts," he would perhaps, in these educated days, be writing to The Times under the signature of "A Thirsty Soul." Sly evidently was rather proud of underlying a score of fourteenpence for sheer ale.

Let us hear in what sense old Phil. Holland, in Precepts of Health, uses the word:

Here "sheere water" is put in apposition to that with which "wine is mingled;" the meaning of sheer, therefore, is integer: and sheer milk would be milk before it goes to the pump.

But perhaps it will be objected that sheer, applied to water, as in this place, may mean clear, bright, free from foulness. Well, then, here is another example from Fletcher's Double Marriage, where Castruccio is being tantalised after the fashion of the Governor of Barataria:

It may be remarked that, at present, we apply several arbitrary adjectives, in this sense of sheer, to different liquors. Thus, to spirits we apply "raw," to wines and brandy "neat," to malt drink "stout" or "strong;" and then we reduce to "half and half," until at length we come to the very "small," a term which, like other lowly things, seems to have been permitted to endure from its very weakness.

Notwithstanding the comments upon this word clamour, both in the pages of "N. & Q.," and by the various editors of Shakspeare, I have not yet seen anything that appears to my mind like a satisfactory elucidation.

Gifford, not being able to make anything of the word, proposed to read charm, which at all events is plausible, though nothing more. Nares says the word is in use among bell-ringers, though now shortened to clam. Unfortunately the meaning attached to the term by the ringers is at variance with that of clamour in the text; for to clam the bells is what we should now call putting them on sette or setting them, and this is but preparatory to a general crash: still it is possible that the words may be the same.

Mr. Arrowsmith (Vol. vii., p. 567.) maintains the genuineness of clamour in preference to charm; and, without a word of comment, quotes two passages from Udall's translation of Erasmus his Apothegms—"oneless hee chaumbreed his tongue," &c.; and again—"did he refrein or chaumbre the tauntying of his tongue." I confess I cannot fathom Mr. Arrowsmith's intention; for the obvious conclusion to be drawn from these quotations is, that charm, and not clamour, is an abbreviation of the older word chaumbre.

I am very much inclined to think that the verb in question comes directly from the A.-S. We find the word clam or clom—a bond, that which holds or retains, a prison; in the latter form the word is frequently used, and for the use of the former in the same sense Bosworth quotes Boethius (Rawlinson's ed., Oxon. 1698, p. 152.), which work I am unable to consult. From these words, then, we have clommian, clæmian, &c., to bind or restrain. It seems not very unlikely that from this original came Shakspeare's word clammer or clamour. I may add that Skinner explains the word clum by a note of silence, quoting "Chaucer in fab. Molitoris" (I have no copy of Chaucer at this moment within reach); and in the A.-S. we find clumian, to keep close, to press, to mutter, comprimere, mussitare: all these words probably have the same root.

An instance of the use of the word clame or clamour is to be found in a work entitled The Castel of Helthe; gathered and made by Syr Thomas Elyot, Knight, &c.; printed by Thomas Berthelet: London, 1539 (black-letter). At p. 52. is the following:

Shakspeare Suggestions (Vol. viii., p. 124.).—Icon asks—"Has any one suggested 'Most busy, when least I do.' The 'it' seems mere surplusage?"

The same suggestion, nearly verbatim, even to the curtailment of the "it," may be found in this present month's number of Blackwood's Magazine, p. 186.

But Icon will also find the same reading, with an anterior title of nearly three years, together with some good reasons for its adoption, in "N. & Q.," Vol. ii., p. 338. And he may also consult with advantage an illustrative quotation in Vol. iii., p. 229.

In the original suggestion in "N. & Q.," there is no presumption of surplusage: the word "it" is understood in relation to labours; that word being taken as a collective singular, like contents, and other words of the same construction.

The critic in Blackwood disclaims consulting "N. & Q.;" and it is, no doubt, a convenient disclaimer. He follows the herd of menstrual Aristarchi, by hailing, with wondering admiration, the substitution of ethics for checks! And he shows his fitness for the task he has undertaken, by stating{170} that "Mr. Singer alone had the good taste to print it (ethics) in his text of 1826."

Critical Digest.—Your readers have seen no more welcome announcement than that contained in p. 75. of your present volume, that this project of a work, bringing into one view the labours of preceding editors and commentators, is in good hands and likely to be brought to bear. On the form of such a work it is perhaps premature to offer an observation; but, to be perfect, it ought to range with that remarkable monument of a lady's patient industry, Mrs. Cowden Clarke's Concordance. On the materials to be employed, all your readers have such an interest in the subject as to warrant them in making suggestions; and it will be well to do so before the plans are fully matured.

It ought, in my opinion, to be more comprehensive than even the largest scheme suggested by your correspondent; for, in addition to the comments which may be thought most worthy of insertion in full, or nearly so, it ought to contain at least a reference to every known comment, in the slightest degree worthy of notice, in relation to any passage in the work. To accomplish this would of course be a work of enormous labour, and the object of the present Note is to suggest, as first step, the circulation of a list of works intended to be consulted, for the purpose of inviting additions; not that such a list should encumber the pages of "N. & Q." but I am much mistaken if you would not afford facilities for receiving the communications asked for. This course is the more necessary, inasmuch as, in addition to works written exclusively on the subject of Shakspeare, there is a vast amount of Shakspearian criticism spread over works, the titles of which give no indication of the necessity for consulting them. For instance, upwards of two hundred pages of Coleridge's Literary Remains are so employed; and though, perhaps, the work is so well known that it would have found a place in the first copy of the list I have suggested, it may serve as an illustration of the sort of information which it would be desirable to invite.

MOTTOS OF THE EMPERORS OF GERMANY.

I was much interested in the lists given in "N. & Q." last year of the mottos adopted by serjeants-at-law on arriving at that dignity; and it then occurred to me, that it would be curious to collect in like manner a complete list of the sentences, which, as is well known to students of history, the Emperors of Germany were accustomed to assume at their coronations. A recent visit to Frankfort has given me an opportunity of making and sending you such a list. The materials are collected from inscriptions on a series of imperial portraits which adorn the principal chamber in the Römer or town hall of that city. The list, if it have no other interest, will at least serve to remind us that some of the Latin aphorisms and "wise saws" current among us now, have been doing duty in the same capacity for centuries:

Otho I. (The Great.) 936. (Saxony.) Satius est ratione æquitatis mortem oppetere, quam fugere et inhonesta vivere.

Henry II. 1002. (Bavaria.) Nihil impense ames, ita fiet ut in nullo contristeris.

^[1]Henry III. 1039. (Franconia.) Qui litem aufert; execrationem in benedictionem mutat.

Frederick I. (Barbarossa.) 1152. (Swabia.) Præstat uni probo quam mille improbis placere.

Robert. (Count Palatine.) 1400. Misericordia non causam, sed fortunam spectat.

Albert II. 1438. (^[3]Austria, House of Hapsburgh.) Amicus optimæ vitæ possessio.

I have added, by way of rendering the catalogue more complete, the name of the particular family of German princes, for which each emperor was selected. A glance at these names furnishes a remarkable illustration of an observation of Sismondi:

It is scarcely necessary to remind your readers, that the integrity of Charlemagne's empire was preserved until the deposition of Charles the Fat; that France and Germany did not become separate until after that event; and that Conrad was, therefore, the first of the German sovereigns, as he was certainly the first elected by the confederate princes.

Footnote 1:(return)

Hallam says, that the imperial prerogative never reached so high a point as in the reign of this monarch. The succession to the throne appears to have been regarded as hereditary; and a very efficient control preserved by the emperor over the usually insubordinate confederacy.

Footnote 2:(return)

At the death of Henry, Frederick the son of Albert disputed Louis's election, alleging that he had a majority of genuine votes. He assumed the motto, Beatâ morte nihil beatius.

Footnote 3:(return)

All the succeeding princes were of this family.

POEMS BY MISS DELAVAL.

If the accompanying songs have not been printed before, they may perhaps be worth preserving. They were written and set to music by a highly accomplished lady, the daughter of Edward Hussey Delaval, Esq., the last of his name and race, sometime Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge; the cotemporary of Gray and Mason, and well known for his literary and scientific attainments:

"Oh Music, if thou hast a charm,

That may the sense of pain disarm,

Be all thy tender tones address'd

To soothe to peace my Anna's breast,

And bid the magic of thy strain

To still the throb of wakeful pain;

That, rapt in the delightful measure,

Sweet hope again may whisper pleasure,

And seem the notes of spring to hear,

Prelusive to a happier year.

And if thy magic can restore,

The shade of days that smile no more,

And softer, sweeter colors give

To scenes that in remembrance live,

Be to her pensive heart a friend;

And whilst the tender shadows blend,

Recall, ere the brief trace be lost,

Each moment that she priz'd the most."

Minor Notes.

The Rights of Women.—Single women, who were freeholders, voted in the State of New Jersey as late as the year 1800. In a newspaper of that date is a complimentary editorial to the female voters for having unanimously supported Mr. John Adams (the defeated candidate) for President of the United States, in opposition to Mr. Jefferson, who was denounced as wanting in religion.

Green Pots used for drinking from by Members of the Temple.—During the summer of 1849, when the new part of Paper Buildings in the Temple was being built, the workmen, in making the necessary excavations, dug up a great number of pots or cups, which are supposed to have been used for drinking from by the students. I have recently met with the following letter from Sir{172} Julius Cæsar to Sir W. More, which may be interesting to some of your readers:

Quarles and Pascal.—In Quarles' Emblems, book i. Emblem vi., there is a passage:

Here we have two propositions, which, whether taken separately, or opposed to each other, would seem to contain nothing but paradox or contradiction. And yet I believe they are but different modes of expressing the same thing.

Offer to intending Editors.—I had hoped that some one would accept Mr. Crossley's offer of Ware's MS. notes for a new edition of Foxes and Firebrands. I myself will with pleasure contribute a copy of the book to print from (assuming that it will be properly executed), and also of his much rarer Coursing of the Romish Fox, which should form part of the volume.

If any one is disposed to edit the works of Dr. John Rogers, the sub-dean of Wells, I will, with the same pleasure, supply his Address to the Quakers, of which I possess Mr. Brand's copy, which he has twice marked as extra rare; and Rodd, from whom I purchased it, had never seen another copy. The entire works might be comprised in two volumes octavo.

It is to be regretted that Mr. Flintoff has not yet published Wallis's Sermons on the Trinity, to accompany his excellent edition of Wallis's Letters, 1840. Would it not be possible to obtain so many names as would defray the expense of printing?

Head-dress.—The enormous head-dresses worn in the time of Charles I. gave rise to the following lines:

Minor Queries.

Fox-hunting.—Can any of your correspondents inform me, when the great national sport of fox-hunting first came into vogue?

Gervase Markham, whose work on sports, called Country Contentments, or the Husbandman's Recreations, was published in 1654, gives due honour to stag-hunting, which he describes as "the most princely and royall chase of all chases." Speaking of hare-hunting, he says, "It is every honest man's and good man's chase, and which is indeed the freest, readiest, and most enduring pastime;" but he classes the hunting of the fox and the badger together, and he describes them as "Chases of a great deal lesse use or cunning than any of the former, because they are of a much hotter scent, and as being intituled stinking scents, and not sweet scents."

Although he does admit that this chase may be profitable and pleasant for the time, insomuch as there are not so many defaults, but a continuing sport; he concludes, "I will not stand much upon them, because they are not so much desired as the rest."

Broderie Anglaise.—Being a young lady whose love for the fine arts is properly modified by a reverence for antiquity, I am desirous to know whether the present fashionable occupation of the "Broderie Anglaise," being undoubtedly a revival, is however traceable (as is alleged) to so remote a period as the days of Elizabeth?

"The Convent," an Elegy.—Among the works ascribed to the Abbé François Arnaud, a member of the French Academy, who died in 1784, there is one entitled, Le Couvent, Elégie traduite de l'Anglais. What is the English poem here alluded to?

Memorial of Newton.—The subscription now in progress for raising a statue to Sir Isaac Newton{173} at Grantham, the place of his early education, recalls to my recollection a memorial of him, about which I may possibly learn a few particulars from some one of the numerous readers of "N. & Q."

I remember hearing when a school-boy at the college, Grantham, some thirty-five years ago, that Newton's name, cut by himself on a stone in the recess of one of the windows of the school-house, was to be seen there no long time back; but that the stone, or the portion of it which contained the name, had been cut out by some mason at a time when the building was being repaired, and was in the possession of a gentleman then living in the largest house in Grantham—built, I believe, by himself. Those of your readers who knew Grantham at the time, will not need to be told the name of the gentleman to whom I allude. The questions I would wish to ask are these:

Mammon.—Perhaps some of your readers could refer me to some work containing information in reference to the following allegation of Barnes, on Matt. vi. 24.:

Derivation of Wellesley.—In a note to the lately published Autobiographic Sketches of Thomas De Quincey, I find (p. 131.) the following passage:

May I ask what this connexion was, and whence the authority for the statement? Had the illustrious Duke's adoption of his title from another town in Somersetshire anything to do with it?

The Battle of Cruden—A Query for Copenhagen Correspondents.—In the year 1059, in the reign of Malcolm III., king of Scotland, a battle was fought on the Links of Cruden, in the county of Aberdeen, between the Danes and the Scots, in which the Prince Royal, who commanded the Danish forces, was slain. He was buried on the Danish field, near to which, according to the custom of the times, King Malcolm "biggit ane kirk." This church was overblown with sand, and another built farther inland, which is the present parish church. To the churchyard wall there leans a black marble gravestone, about 7 ft. × 3 ft. 6 in., which is said to have been sent from Denmark as a monument for the grave of his royal highness. The stone has the appearance of considerable antiquity about it, and appears to have been inlaid with marble, let into it about half an inch; the marks of the iron brads, and the lead which secured it, are still visible.

And it is also stated that, until within the last hundred years, a small sum of money was annually sent by the Danish government to the minister of Cruden for keeping the monument in repair. I should be glad to learn if there are any documents among the royal archives at Copenhagen, which would invalidate or substantiate the popular tradition.

Ampers and ( Ampersand symbol, ornate 'et' style

Ampersand symbol, the more common '&' style

).—I have heard this symbol called both ampers and and apussé and. Which, if either, is the correct term; and what is its derivation?

The Myrtle Bee.—I should feel much obliged to any reader of "N. & Q." who would answer the following questions respecting the bird called the Myrtle Bee; separating carefully at the same time the result of his personal experience from any hearsay evidence that he may have collected on the subject. In what places in the British Isles has the bird been seen? During what months? Is it gregarious, or solitary? What are its haunts and habits, and on what does it feed? What is its colour, shape, and size? Its mode of flight? Does any cabinet contain a preserved specimen, and has any naturalist described or figured it either as a British or a foreign bird?

Henry Earl of Wotton.—Jan van Kerckhove, Lord of Kerkhoven and Heenvliet, who died at Sassenheim, March 7, 1660, married Catherine Stanhope, daughter of the Earl of Chesterfield; and had issue Charles Henry, who in 1659 was chief magistrate of Breda, and was created Earl{174} of Wotton by the king of England. Could any of your readers favour me with the date of the above marriage, as also those of the birth of the father and the son; as well as that of the elevation of the latter to the peerage of England?—From the Navorscher.

Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages.—Can any of your correspondents supply any links of connection between the Celtic and Latin languages?

Queen Anne's Motto.—What authority have we for asserting that "Semper eadem" was Queen Anne's motto, and that it expired with her?

Anonymous Books.—Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." furnish the names of the authors of either of the following works?

Minor Queries with Answers.

Major André.—A subscriber having observed the amount of valuable and recondite information elicited by a happy Query concerning General Wolfe, hopes to obtain like success in one he now puts forward in regard to the personal history, &c. of the unfortunate Major John André, who was hung by the Americans as a spy during their Revolutionary War. Being engaged upon a biography of Major André, he has already collected considerable matter; but wishes to leave no stone unturned in his task, and therefore begs his brethren of "N. & Q." to publish therein any anecdotes or copies of any letters or documents concerning that gallant but ill-fated gentleman. A reference to passages occurring in printed books bearing on this subject, might also well be given; for there is so little known about Major André, and that little scattered piecemeal in so many and various localities, that it is hardly possible some of them should not have escaped this writer's notice.

[Smith's Authentic Narrative of Major André, 8vo. 1808, has most probably been consulted by our correspondent. There is a good account of the Major in vol. ii. of the Biographical Dictionary of the Useful Knowledge Society, and it is worth consulting for the authorities quoted at the end of the article. See also the Encyclopædia Americana, article "Benedict Arnold;" the American Whig Review, vol. v. p. 381.; New England Magazine, vol. vi. p. 353.; and for a vindication of the captors of André, the Analectic Magazine, vol. x. p. 307. Articles also will be found respecting him in Gentleman's Magazine, vol. l. pp. 540. 610.; vol. li. p. 320.; vol. lii. p. 514. Major André is one of the principal subjects of The British Hero in Captivity, a poem attributed to Mr. Puddicombe, 4to. 1782.]

"The Fatal Mistake."—Can you tell me where the scene of the following play is laid, and the names of the dramatis personæ: The Fatal Mistake, a Tragedy, by Joseph Haynes, 4to., 1696?

The author of this play, who was known by the name of Count Haynes, was an actor in the theatre at Drury Lane about the time of James II., and died in 1701. There is an account of his life written by Tom Browne.

High Commission Court.—Can any of your readers refer me to works bearing on the proceedings of the High Commission Court? The sort of information of which I am in search is not so much on the great constitutional questions involved in the history of this court, as in the details of its mode of procedure; as shown either by actual books of practice, or the history of particular cases brought before it.

Replies.

ROSICRUCIANS.

We frequently see Queries made in these pages which could be satisfactorily answered by turning to the commonest books of reference, such as Brand, Fosbroke, Hone, the various dictionaries and encyclopædias, and the standard works on the subjects queried. Now it seems to me that "N. & Q." is not intended for going over old ground, and thus becoming a literary treadmill; but its mission lies in supplying information not easily found, and in perfecting, as far as possible, our standard works and books of reference. Mr. Taylor's Query affords an opportunity for this, as the ordinary sources of information are very deficient as regards the Rosicrucians.

According to some, the name is derived from their supposed founder, Christian Rosencreutz, who died in 1484. And they account for the fact of the Rosicrucians not being heard of till 1604, by saying that Rosencreutz bound his disciples by an oath not to promulgate his doctrines for 120 years after his death. The mystical derivation of the name is thus given in the Encyc. Brit.:—

The encyclopædist remarks that at first the title commanded some respect, as it seemed to be borrowed from the arms of Luther, which were a cross placed upon a rose.

The leading doctrines of the Rosicrucians were borrowed from the Eastern philosophers^[4]; the Christian Platonists, schoolmen, and mystics: mixed up with others derived from writers on natural history, magic, astrology, and especially alchemy. All these blended together, and served up in a professional jargon of studied obscurity, formed the doctrinal system of these strange philosophers. In this system the doctrine of elemental spirits, and the means of communion and alliance with them, and the doctrine of signatures, are the most prominent points.

Let me refer Mr. Taylor to Michael Meyer's Themis Aurea, hoc est de legibus Fraternitatis Roseæ Crucis, Col. 1615; the works of Jacob Behmen, Robt. Fludd, John Heydon, Peter Mormius, Eugene Philalethes; the works of the Rosicrucian Society, containing seventy-one treatises in different languages; the Catalogue of Hermetic books by the Abbé Lenglet du Fresnoi, Paris, 1762; Manget's Biblioth. Chem. Curios., Col. 1702, 2 vols. folio; and the Theatrum Chemicum, Argent. 1662, 6 vols. 8vo.

I must make particular mention of the two most celebrated of the Rosicrucian works; the first is La Chiave del Cabinetto, Col. 1681, 12mo. The author, Joseph Francis Borri, gives a most systematic account of the doctrine of the Rosic Cross in this interesting little volume. He was imprisoned for magic and heresy, and died in his prison at Rome in 1695 at the age of seventy years. On this work was founded one still more remarkable—

This work, thus published anonymously, was from the pen of the Abbé de Villars. An English translation was published at London in 1714.

The doctrine of the Rosy Cross entered largely into the literature of the seventeenth century. This applies especially to the masques of James I. and Charles I. To the same source Shakspeare owes his Ariel, and Milton much of his Comus.

It is strange, but instructive, to observe how variously different minds make use of the same materials. What greater contrast can we have than The Rape of the Lock and Undine?—the one redolent of the petit-maître and the Cockney; the other a work sui generis, of human conceptions the most exquisite and spirit-fragrant. Wieland's Idris and Zenide, Bulwer's Zanoni, and Mackay's Salamandrine, are also based on Rosicrucian principles. Mention of the Rosicrucians occurs in Izaak Walton's Angler and Butler's Hudibras—see Zachary Grey's note and authorities referred to by him. See also two interesting papers on the subject in Chambers's Edinb. Journal, ed. 1846, vol. vi. pp. 298. 316.

P. S.—I may as well notice here a very curious book of Rosicrucian emblems, as I have it beside me:

The title-page is adorned with emblematical figures. The work contains a portrait of the author, and fifty emblems executed with much spirit. Amongst others we have a Salamander in the fire, a green lion, a hermaphrodite, a dragon, &c. Every right page has a motto, an emblem, and an epigram under the emblem in Latin. The left page gives the same in German, with the Latin words set to music. After each emblem we have a "Discursus."

SEARSON'S POEMS.

John Searson was a merchant in Philadelphia in the year 1766. A few days before seeing the inquiry respecting him, I came across his advertisement in the Pennsylvania Gazette; but not having made a note of the date, I have since been unable to find it. His stock was of a very miscellaneous character, as "Bibles and warming pans," "spelling-books and swords," figured in it in juxtaposition. He taught school at one time in Basking Ridge, New Jersey.

A copy of his poem on "Down Hill" is before me; and it is quite as curious a production as the volume of poems which he afterwards published.

He describes himself in the title-page as "Late Master of the Free School in Colerain, and formerly of New York, Merchant." The volume was printed in 1794 by subscription at Colerain.

The work is introduced by "A Poem, being a Cursory View of Belfast Town," thus commencing:

"I've walk'd alone, and view'd the Paper Mill,

Its walk, the eye with pleasure fill.

I've view'd the Mountains that surround Belfast,

And find they are romantic to the last.

...

The Church of Belfast is superb and grand,

And to the Town an ornament does stand;

Their Meeting Houses also is so neat,

The congregation large, fine and complete."

The volume contains a dedication to the Rev. Mr. Josiah Marshall, rector of Maghera, a preface, a table of contents, and "A Prayer previous to the Poem."

The whole book is so intensely ridiculous that it is difficult to select. The following are rather chosen for their brevity than for any pre-eminent absurdity:

"The rabbit tribe about me run their way,

Their little all to man becomes a prey.

The busy creatures trot about and run;

Some kill them with a net, some with a gun.

Alas! how little do these creatures know

For what they feed their young, so careful go.

The little creatures trot about and sweat,

Yet for the use of man is all they get."

Some of the London booksellers ought to reprint this work as a curiosity of literature. Some of the subscribers took a number of copies, and one might be procured for the purpose. The country seats of the largest subscribers are described in the poem.

The book ends with these lines (added by the "devil" of the printing-office, no doubt):

"FROM THE SUBLIME TO THE RIDICULOUS," ETC.

Since my former communication on the use of the phrase "From the sublime to the ridiculous there is but a step," I have met with some farther examples of kindred forms of expression, which you may deem worth inserting in "N. & Q."

Shakspeare has an instance in Romeo and Juliet, where he describes "Love" as—

The thought here (be it said in passing) seems to have been adopted from these lines in Rochester:

But the most beautiful application of this sentiment that I have met with, occurs in an essay on "The Uses of Adversity," by Mr. Herman Hooker, an American writer:—

PASSAGE IN THE BURIAL SERVICE.

A writer in the Parish Choir (vol. iii. p. 140.) gives the following account of this passage. He says:

Your correspondent J. G. T. asks whence comes the expression in the Burial Service, "In the midst of life we are in death?" There are some lines in Petrarch which express precisely the same idea in nearly the self-same words; but as the thought is by no means an unlikely one to occur to two separate and independent authors, we may not go to the length of charging the seeming plagiarism upon the compilers of our Prayer-Book. I have mislaid the exact reference^[5], but subjoin the lines themselves:

PATRICK'S PURGATORY.

Dr. Lanigan, in his learned Ecclesiastical History of Ireland (vol. i. p. 368.), states that the so-called Patrick's Purgatory is situated at Lough Derg (Donegal). It is never mentioned in any of the lives of the apostle, nor heard of till the eleventh century, the period at which the canons regular of St. Augustine first appeared, for it was to persons of that order, as the story goes, that St. Patrick confided the care of that cavern of wonders. Now there were no such persons in the island in which it is situated, nor in that of St. Davoc [Dabeoc?] in the same lake, until about the beginning of the twelfth century. This purgatory, or purging place, of Lough Derg, was set up against another Patrick's purgatory, viz. that of Croagh Patrick, mentioned by Jocelyn, which, however ill-founded the vulgar opinion concerning it, was less objectionable. Some writers have said that it got the name of Patrick's Purgatory from an Abbot Patrick, that lived in the ninth century; but neither were there canons regular of St. Augustine at that time, nor were such abridged modes of atoning to the Almighty for the sins of a whole life then thought of. It was demolished in the year 1497, by order of the Pope, although it has since been in some manner restored.

The original Patrick's Purgatory then, it would appear, was at Croagh Patrick, in Mayo, near Westport; speaking of the pilgrimages made to which, the monk Jocelyn (in his Life of St. Patrick, written A.D. 1180, cap. 172.) says that—

By the authority of the Lords Justices who governed Ireland in 1633, previously to the appointment of Wentworth, Lough Derg Purgatory was once more suppressed; but the sort of piety then fostered among the members of the Roman communion in Ireland could ill afford to resign without a struggle what was to them a source of so much consolation. High influence was, therefore, called into action to procure the reversal of the sentence; and the Roman Catholic Queen of Charles I. was induced to address to the Lord Deputy of Ireland a letter in which she requested that he would be pleased "to allow, that the devotions which the people of that country have ever been wont to pay to a St. Patrick's place there, may not be abolished." The Lord Deputy declined acceding to this request, and said in his reply, "I fear, at this time, when some men's zeal hath run them already, not only beyond their wits, but almost forth of their allegiance too, it might furnish them with something to say in prejudice and scandal to his majesty's government, which, for the present indeed, is by all means to be avoided." And adds, "your Majesty might do passing well to let this devotion rest awhile." After this second suppression, the devotion has a second time been "in some manner restored;" and{179} multitudes throng to the place on the faith of a false tradition, so long since exposed and exploded by their own authorities. Three hundred and fifty years ago, the Pope, the representative of the Bishop of Clogher, and the head of the Franciscans in Donegal, combined their efforts to put down the scandalous fabrication; but yet it remains to this day an object of cherished religious veneration—an object of confidence and faith, on which many a poor soul casts itself to find consolation and repose. And those multitudes of pilgrims, year after year, assemble there, no influence which they look to for guidance forbidding them, to do homage to the vain delusion.

D. W. S. P. will find farther information on this subject in The Catholic Layman for April last: Curry, Dublin.

LORD WILLIAM RUSSELL.

In answer to W. L. M.'s inquiry, "where the virtuous and patriotic William Lord Russell was buried?" I beg to state that I possess a pamphlet entitled:

There is no date to it; but from the appearance of the paper, type, a rude woodcut of the execution, &c., I doubt not that it was printed soon after the event, or certainly immediately after the Revolution, to meet the popular wishes to have information on the subject. It consists of sixteen octavo pages, very closely printed. The opening paragraph says:

Then follows the trial, headed "July 13, 1683, the Lord Russel came to his Tryal at the Old Bailey." The indictment is described; the names of the jury are given; judges and counsel named; the evidence, examinations, and cross-examinations (by Lord Russel) very interestingly narrated: the Report concluding, after a short address from Lord Russel, "Then the Court adjourned till four in the afternoon, and brought him in guilty."

These particulars are followed by "The last Speech and Carriage of the Lord Russel upon the Scaffold, &c." As to the executioner's work, all other accounts that I have seen state that after "two" strokes the head was severed from the body. The publication says:

A "sketch of his character" closes the account. Perhaps W. S. M. may deem these particulars not wholly uninteresting, but tolerably conclusive, considering the time of publication, when the fact must have been notorious.

OAKEN TOMBS, ETC.

At Banham, Norfolk, in a recess in the wall of the north aisle of the church, is an oaken effigy of a knight in armour in a recumbent position. Blomefield says:

Since he wrote, however (1739), with a view to the better preservation of this interesting relic, some spirited churchwarden has caused it to be{180} well painted and sanded so that it now looks almost as well as stone. At the same time, the marks by which Blomefield thought to identify it are necessarily obliterated.

William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, who was slain at Bayonne in 1296,—his effigy in wood is in St. Edmund's Chapel in Westminster Abbey, covered with enamelled brass. There is also in Abergavenny Church, amongst the general wreck of monumental remains there, a cross-legged effigy in wood, represented in chain mail; which the late Sir Samuel Meyrick supposed to have been that of William de Valence. It is mentioned in Coxe's Monmouthshire, p. 192.

The effigy of Aymer de Valence referred to in Whitaker ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 528.) is not of wood; he evidently refers to that of William de Valence.

In Gloucester Cathedral there is the wooden monument of a cross-legged knight attributed to Robert Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of the Conqueror; but it is probably of a little later period.

In the Cathedral of Gloucester, there is a wooden effigy of the unfortunate Robert Duke of Normandy, eldest son of the Conqueror. It is so many years since I saw it, that I do not offer any description: but, if my memory be correct, it has the legs crossed, and (what is curious) is loose, and can be turned about on the tomb.

On the south side of the chancel of St. Giles' Church, Durham, is a wooden effigy in full armour; the head resting on a helmet, and the hands raised as in prayer. It is supposed to be the tomb of John Heath, who became possessed of the Hospital of St. Giles Kepyer, and is known to have been buried in the chancel of St. Giles' Church. He died in 1590. At the feet of the wooden effigy, are the words "HODIE MICHI." The figure was restored in colours about ten years ago.

"COULD WE WITH INK," &c.

"Could we with ink the ocean fill,

And were the heavens of parchment made,

Were every stalk on earth a quill,

And every man a scribe by trade;

To write the love of God above,

Would drain the ocean dry;

Nor could the scroll contain the whole,

Though stretch'd from sky to sky."

is Rabbi Mayir ben Isaac. The above eight lines are almost a literal translation of four Chaldee ones, which form part of a beautiful ode on the attributes of God, not unmixed with a considerable proportion of the fabulous, which is sung in every synagogue during the service of the first day of the feast of Pentecost.

May I now be permitted to ask you, or any of your numerous correspondents, to inform me who was the bonâ fide translator of Rabbi Mayir ben Isaac's lines? The English lines are often quoted by itinerant advocates of charity societies as having been found inscribed, according to some, on the walls of a lunatic asylum, according to others, on the walls of a prison, as occasion requires; but extempore quotations on platforms are sometimes vague.

The verses are in Grose's Olio (p. 292.), and are there said to be written by nearly an idiot, then living (March 16, 1779) at Cirencester. It happens, however, that long before the supposed idiot was born, one Geoffrey Chaucer made use of the same idea, and the same expressions, although applied to a totally different subject, viz. in his "Balade warnynge men to beware of deceitful women:"—

Again in the "Remedie of Love," the same lines occur with a few slight alterations.

In vol. x. of the Modern Universal History, p. 430. note, I meet with this sentence:

These lines are by Dr. Watts. I cannot just now distinctly recollect where they are to be found, but I think in Milner's Life of Watts. My recollection of them is that they were impromptu, given at an evening party.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Washing or not washing Collodion Pictures after developing, previous to fixing.—Since the question has been mooted I have tried both ways, and have come to the conclusion that there is very little difference in the resulting appearance of the picture. The hypo. is certainly deteriorated when no washing is adopted. I think it is best to pour off the first quantity applied into a cup kept for the purpose; this is discoloured: I then pour on more clean hypo., and let it remain till the picture clears, and pour this into another cup or bottle for future use. What was poured into the first cup may, when a sufficient quantity is obtained, be filtered, and by adding more of the salt is not useless. I pour on merely enough at first to wash off the developing fluid, and pour it off at once. The picture is cleared much sooner if the saturated hypo. solution is warmed, which I do by plunging the bottle into a pewter pint pot filled with hot water.

Stereoscopic Angles (Vol. viii., pp. 109. 157.).—I perfectly agree with your correspondent Mr. T. L. Merritt (p. 109.) respecting "stereoscopic angles," having arrived at the same conclusion some months since, while at Hastings, where I produced stereoscopic pictures by moving the camera only two inches: having in one, seven houses and five bathing-machines; and in the other, five houses and eight bathing-machines. If I had separated the two pictures more, I should have had all bathing-machines in one and all houses in the other; which convinced me that nothing more is required than the width of the two eyes for all distances, or, slightly to exaggerate it, to three inches, which will produce a pleasing and natural effect: for it is quite certain that our eyes do not become wider apart as we recede from an object, and that the intention is to give a true representation of nature as seen by one person. Now, most stereoscopic pictures represent nature as it never could be seen by any one person, from the same point of view; and I feel confident that all photographers, who condescend to make stereoscopic pictures, will arrive at the same conclusion before the end of this season.

If this be correct, all difficulty is removed; for it is always advisable to take two pictures of the same prospect, in case one should not be good: and two very indifferent negatives will combine into one very good positive, when viewed by the stereoscope: thus proving the old saying, that two negatives make an affirmative.

Sisson's Developing Solution.—In answer to S. B.'s inquiry, I beg to say, that I have not tried the above solution as a bath. I have always poured it on, believing that it was easier to observe the progress of the picture by that mode. If S. B. will forward me his address, I shall be happy to enter more minutely into my mode of operating with it than I can through the medium of "N. & Q." I have received other favourable testimony as to the value of my developing fluid for glass positives.

While I am writing, will you allow me to ask your photographic correspondents whether any of them have tried Mr. Müller's paper process referred to by Mr. Delamotte at p. 145. of his work? It was first announced in the Athenæum of Nov. 2, 1851. When I first commenced photography (June, 1852), I tried the process; and from what I did with it, when I was almost entirely ignorant of the manipulation, I am inclined to think it a valuable process. The sharpness of the tracery in my church windows, in a picture I took by the process, is remarkable. Mr. Delamotte truly says: "This is a most striking discovery, as it supersedes the necessity of any developing agent after the light has acted on the paper." Mr. Müller says, that simple washing in water seems to be sufficient to fix the picture. This is also a striking discovery, and totally unlike any other very sensitive process that I am acquainted with; and more striking still, that the process should not have been more practised.

Replies to Minor Queries.

Robert Drury (Vol. v., p. 533.; Vol. vii., p. 485.; vol. viii., p. 104.).—I believe the Journal of Robert Drury to be a genuine book of travels and adventures, and here is my voucher:

Mr. Duncombe quotes several statements from Drury which coincide with those of the Reverend William Hirst, the astronomer, who touched at Madagascar, on his voyage to India, in 1759. Ten years afterwards Mr. Hirst perished in the Aurora, and with him the author of The Shipwreck.

Real Signatures versus Pseudo-Names (Vol. vi., p. 310.; Vol. viii., p. 94.).—There is no doubt that the straightforwardness of open and undisguised communications to your excellent miscellany{182} is desirable; but a few words may be said on behalf of your anonymous contributors. If the rule were established that every correspondent should add his name to his communication, many of your friends might, from motives of delicacy, decline asking a question or hazarding a reply. By adopting a nom-de-guerre, men eminent in their various pursuits can quietly and unostentatiously ask a question, or contribute information. If the latter be done with reference to standard works of authority, or to MSS. preserved in our public depositories, the disclosure of the name of the contributor adds nothing to the matter contributed, and he may rejoice that he has been the means of promoting the objects of the "N. & Q." without the "blushing to find it fame." It should, however, be a sine quâ non that all original communications, and those of matters of fact, should be authenticated by a real signature, when no reference can be given to authorities not accessible to the public; and it is to be regretted that such authentication has not, in such cases, been generally afforded.

May I put a Query on the idea suggested by these lines—that the accidental dropping of her garter implied an imputation on the fair fame of the Countess of Salisbury. Why should this be? That it did imply an imputation, I judge as well from the vindication of the lady by King Edward, as also from the proverbial expression used in Scotland, and to be found in Scott's Works, of "casting a leggin girth," as synonymous with a female "faux pas." I have a conjecture, but should not like to venture it, without inquiring the general impression as to the origin of this notion.

"Short red, God red," &c. (Vol. vii., p. 500.).—Sir Walter Scott has committed an oversight when, in Tales of a Grandfather, vol. i. p. 85., he mentions a murderer of the Bishop of Caithness to have made use of the expression, "Schort red, God red, slea ye the bischop." Adam, Bishop of Caithness, was burnt by the mob near Thurso, in 1222, for oppression in the exaction of tithes; John, Earl of Orkney and Caithness, was killed in retaliation by the bishop's party in 1231.

The language spoken at that time on the sea-coast of Caithness must have been Norse. Sutherland would appear to have been wrested from the Orkney-Norwegians before that period, and the Celtic tongue and race gaining on the Norse; but on the sea-coast of Caithness I should apprehend the Norse continued to be the spoken tongue till a later period, when it was superseded by the Scottish. The Norwegians in the end of the ninth century colonised Orkney, and expelled or destroyed the former inhabitants. The Western Isles were also subjugated by them at that time, and probably Caithness, or at all events a little later. It would be desirable to know the race and tongue previously existing in Caithness, and if these were lost in the Norwegians and Norse, and an earlier Christianity in Scandinavian Paganism. This may, however, lead to the unfathomably dark subject of the Picts. Is it known when Norse ceased to be spoken in Caithness? The story of the burning of the Bishop of Caithness forms the conclusion of the Orkneyinga Saga; and vide Torfæus, Orcades, p. 154., and Dalrymple's Annals of Scotland, of dates 1222 and 1231.

Martha Blount (Vol. vii., pp. 38. 117.).—At "Brandon," the seat of the Harrisons on the James River, Virginia, is a likeness of Miss Blount by Sir Godfrey Kneller; and at "Berkeley," also on the James River, and the residence of another branch of the same family, is one of the Duchess of Montagu, also by Kneller. Thus much in answer to the Query. But in this connexion I would mention, that on the James River are many fine pictures, portraits of worthies famous in English history. At "Shirley" there is one of Col. Hill, by Vandyke; at Brandon, one of Col. Byrd, by Vandyke; also Lord Orrery, Duke of Argyle, Lord Albemarle, Lord Egmont, Sir Robert Walpole, and others, by Kneller.

These pictures are mentioned in chap. ix. of Travels in North America during the Years 1834-1836, by the Hon. Charles Augustus Murray; a gentleman who either is, or was, Master of the Queen's Household.

Longevity (Vol. viii., p. 113.).—As W. W. asserts that there is a lady living (or was two months ago) in South Carolina, who is known to be 131 years old, he will no doubt be good enough to let the readers of "N. & Q." know it also. And although W. W. thinks it will not be necessary to search in "annual or parish registers" to prove the age of the singular Singleton, yet he must produce documentary evidence of some sort; unless, indeed, he knows an older person who remembers the birth of the aged Carolinian.

Having paid the well-known Mr. Barnum a fee to see a negress, whom the cute showman exhibited as the nurse of the great Washington, I have fifty cents worth of reasons to subscribe myself

Its (Vol. vii., p. 578.).—B. H. C. is perfectly correct in saying, that I was mistaken in my quotation from Fairfax's Tasso. It only remains for{183} me to explain how I fell into the error. It was, then, from using Mr. Knight's edition of the work for though the orthography was modernised, which I like, I never dreamed of an editor's taking the liberty of altering the text of his author. I love to be corrected when wrong, and here express my thanks to B. H. C. I inform him that there is another passage in Shakspeare with its in it, but not having marked it, I cannot find it just now: I think it is in Lear.

I have said that I like modernised orthography. We have modernised that of the Bible, and of the dramatists; why then are we so superstitious with respect to the barbarous system of Spenser? I am convinced that the Fairy Queen, if printed in modern orthography, would find many readers who are repelled by the uncouth and absurd spelling of the poet, who wanted to rhyme to the eye as well as to the ear. Let us then have a "Spenser for the People."

Oldham, Bishop of Exeter (Vol. vii., pp. 14. 164. 189. 271.).—Mr. Walcott will be interested to learn, that Bishop Hugh Oldham was not a native of Oldham, but was born at Crumpsall, in the parish of Manchester; as appears from Dugdale's Visitation of Lancashire, and the "Lancashire MSS.," vol. xxxi. His brother, Richard Oldham, appointed 22nd Abbot of St. Werburgh's Abbey, Chester, in 1452, was afterwards elevated to the bishoprick of Man, and, dying Oct. 13, 1485, was buried at Chester Abbey, Chester.

Boom (Vol. vii., p. 620.).—This word, expressive of the cry of the bittern, is also used as a noun:

Lord North (Vol. vii., p. 317.).—If C. can procure a copy of Lossing's Pictorial Field-book of the American Revolution, he will find in one of the volumes a woodcut from an English engraving, presenting to our view George III. as he appeared at the era of the American Revolution. It may serve to modify his present opinion as to the king's figure, face, &c.

Dutch Pottery (Vol. v., p. 343.; Vol. vi. p. 253.).—At Arnhem, about sixty-five or seventy years ago, there existed a pottery founded by two Germans: H. Brandeis, and the well-known savant H. von Laun, maker of the planetarium (orrery) described by Professor van Swinden, and purchased by the Society Felix Meritis in Amsterdam. The son of Mr. Brandeis has still at his residence, No. 419. Rapenburgerstraat, several articles manufactured there: such as plates, &c. What I have seen is much coarser than the Saxon porcelain, yet much better than our Delft ware. Perhaps Mr. Van Embden, grandson and successor of Von Laun, could give farther information.

P.S.—Allow me to correct some misprints in Vol. vi., p. 253. Dutch and German names are often cruelly maltreated in English publications. In this respect "N. & Q." should be an exception. For "Lichner" read Leichner; for "Dorpheschrÿver" read Dorpbeschrÿver; for "Blasse" read Blüssé; for "Heeren" read Haeren; for "Pallandh" read Palland; for "Daenbar" read Daeuber.—From the Navorscher.

Cranmer's Correspondences (Vol. vii., p. 621.).—Will Mr. Walter be so good as to preserve in your columns the letter of which Dean Jenkyns has only given extracts?

Two points are to be distinguished, Cranmer's wish that Calvin should assist in a general union of the churches protesting against Romish error—Calvin's offer to assist in settling the Church of England. The latter was declined; and the reason is demonstrated in Archbp. Laurence's Bampton Lectures.

Portable Altars (Vol. viii., p. 101.).—I am not acquainted with any treatise on the subject of portable altars, from which your correspondent can obtain more information, than from that which occupies forty-six pages in the Decas Dissertationum Historico-Theologicarum, published, for the second time, by Jo. Andr. Schmidt, 4to. Helmstad. 1714.

Poem attributed to Shelley (Vol. viii., p. 71.).—The ridiculous extravaganza attributed to Shelley by an American newspaper, was undoubtedly never written by that gifted genius. It bears throughout unmistakeable evidence of its transatlantic origin. No person, who had not actually witnessed that curious vegetable parasite, the Spanish moss of the southern states of America, hanging down in long, hairy-like plumes from the branches of a large tree, would have imagined the lines,—

Who, again, could believe that Shelley, an English gentleman and scholar, could ever, either in writing or conversation, have made use of the common American vulgarism, "play hell!"

The question of the authorship of such a production, apart from its being attributed to Shelley, is, in my humble opinion, a matter of little or no interest. But as a probable guess, I should say that it carries strong internal evidence of having been written by that erratic mortal, Edgar Poe.

Lady Percy, Wife of Hotspur (Daughter of Edmumd Mortimer, Earl of March) (Vol. viii., p. 104.).—On reference to the volume and page of Miss Strickland's Lives of the Queens of England, cited by your correspondent G., I find that not only does this lady, by her sweeping assertion, bastardise the second E. of Northumberland, but, in her zeal to outsay all that "ancient heralds" ever can have said, she annihilates, or at least reduces to a myth, the mother of Thomas, eighth Lord Clifford. This infelicitous statement may have been corrected in the second edition of the Lives, for in "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 42., there is a detailed pedigree tracing the descent of Jane Seymour through Margaret Wentworth, her mother, by an intermarriage with a Wentworth, and a granddaughter of Hotspur, Lord Percy, (not daughter, as Miss Strickland writes) from the blood-royal of England. My object, however, in writing this is not farther to point attention to Miss Strickland's mistake, but to invite discussion to the point where this pedigree may be possibly faulty. I will not say "all ancient heralds," but some heralds, at least, of acknowledged reputation, viz. Nicolas, Collins, and Dugdale^[6], have stated that the wife of Sir Philip Wentworth was a daughter of Roger fifth Lord Clifford. If this be so, in truth there is an end at once of the Seymour's claim to royal lineage; for it is an undoubted fact that it was the grandson of Roger fifth Lord, namely, John, seventh Lord Clifford, K.G., who married Hotspur's only daughter.

"Up, guards, and at them!" (Vol. v., p. 426.; Vol. viii., p. 111.).—Some years ago, about the time that the Wellington statue on the arch at Hyde Park Corner was erected, I was dining at a table where Wyatt the artist was present. The conversation turned much upon the statue, and the exact period at which the great Duke is represented. Wyatt said that he was represented at that moment when he is supposed to have used the words: "Up, guards, and at them!" It having been questioned whether he ever uttered the words, I asked the artist whether, when he was taking the Duke's portrait, the Duke himself acknowledged using them? To which he replied, that the Duke said that he did not recollect having uttered those words and, in fact, that he could not say what expression he did use on that occasion. The company at dinner seemed much satisfied with Wyatt's authority on this point.

Pennycomequick (Vol. viii., p. 113.).—A similar story to that related by your correspondent Mr. Hele is told of Falmouth. Previously to its being incorporated as a town by Charles II., it was called Smithick, from a smith's shop, near a creek, which extended up the valley. The old Cornish word ick signifies a "creek;" and as it became a village it was called "Pennycomequick," which your correspondent H. C. K. clearly explains. The Welsh and Cornish languages are in close affinity. The name "Pennycomequick" is evidently a corrupted old Cornish name: see Pryce's Archæologia Cornu-Britannica, v. "Pen," "Coomb," and "Ick," the head of the narrow valley, defile or creek. It has been thought by some to mean "the head of the cuckoo's valley;" and your correspondent's Welsh derivation seems to countenance such a translation. The cuckoo is known in Scotland, Wales, and Cornwall as "the Gawk Gwich." Mr. Hele, perhaps, will be amused at the traditional story of the Falmouthians respecting the origin of Pennycomequick. Before the year 1600, there were few houses on the site of the present town: a woman, who had been a servant with an ancestor of the late honourable member for West Cornwall, Mr. Pindarves, came to reside there, and that gentleman directed her to brew some good ale, as he should occasionally visit the place with his friends. On one of his visits he was disappointed, and expressed himself angry at not finding any ale. It appeared on explanation that a Dutch vessel came into the harbour the preceding day, and the Dutchmen drained her supply; she said the Penny come so quick, she could not refuse to sell it.

Captain Booth of Stockport (Vol. viii., p. 102.).—In answer to Mr. Hughes's inquiry about this antiquary, I beg to state that he will find an Ordinary of Arms, drawn up by Captain Booth of Stockport, in the Shepherd Library, Preston, Lancashire. It is one among the numerous valuable MSS. given by the executors of the late historian of Lancashire, Ed. Baines, Esq., M.P., to that library. In Lysons' Magna Britannia (volume Cheshire), your correspondent will also find a mention of a John Booth, Esq., of Twemlow, Cheshire, who was the author of various heraldic manuscripts. It may, perhaps, be hardly necessary to inform Cheshire antiquaries that an almost inexhaustible fund of information, on heraldry and genealogy, is to be found in the manuscripts of Randle Holme, formerly of Chester, which are{185} now preserved among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum.

"Hurrah," &c. (Vol. viii., p. 20.).—The clameur de Haro still exists in Jersey, and is the ancient form there of opposing all encroachments on landed property, and the first step to be taken by which an ejectment can be finally obtained. It was decided in Pinel and Le Gallais, that the clameur de Haro does not apply to the opposal of the execution of a decree of the Royal Court.

It is a remarkable feature in this process, that it is carried on by the crown; and that the losing party, whether plaintiff or defendant, is mulcted in a small fine to the king, because the sacred name of Haro is not to be carelessly invoked with impunity.

See upon the subject of the clameur, Le Geyt sur les Constitutions, etc. de Jersey, par Marett, vol. i. p. 294.

I do not think that the explanation of these words, quoted by Mr. Brent, is much more probable than that of "Hierosolyma est perdita." In the first place, if we are to believe Dr. Johnson, hips are not sloes, but the fruit or seed-vessels of the dog-rose or briar, which usually go by that name, and from which it would be difficult to make any infusion resembling wine. In the next place, it will be found, on reference to Ben Jonson's lines "over the door at the entrance into the Apollo" (vol. vii. p. 295., ed. 1756), of which the distich forms a part, that it is misquoted. The words are,—

the hop or ale-drinkers being contrasted with the votaries of wine, "the milk of Venus," and "the true Phœbeian liquor." Is it not possible, after all, that the repetition of, "Hip, hip, hip," is merely intended to mark the time for the grand exertion of the lungs to be made in enunciating the final "Hurrah!"?

Detached Belfry Towers (Vol. vii., p. 333.; Vol. viii., p. 63.).—The bell-tower at Hackney, mentioned by B. H. C., is that of the old parish church of St. Augustine. This church was rebuilt in the early part of the sixteenth century, which is about the time of the present tower; and when the church was finally taken down in 1798, the tower was forced to be left standing, because the new parish church of St. John-at-Hackney was not strong enough to support the peal of eight bells.

Blotting-paper (Vol. viii., p. 104.).—I am disposed to agree with Speriend in thinking Carlyle must be mistaken in saying this substance was not used in Cromwell's time. The ordinary means for drying writing was by means of the fine silver sand, now but rarely used for that purpose; but I have seen pieces of blotting-paper among MSS. of the time of Charles I., so as to lead me to think it was even then used, though sparingly. This is only conjecture; but I can, however, establish its existence at a rather earlier date than 1670. In an "Account of Stationery supplied to the Receipt of the Exchequer and the Treasury, 1666-1668," occur several entries of "one quire of blotting-paper," "two quires of blotting," &c. Earlier accounts of the same kind (which may be at the Rolls House, Chancery Lane) might enable one to fix the date of its introduction.

The following occurs in Townesend's Preparative to Pleading (Lond. 12mo. 1675), p. 8.:

From this passage it may be inferred, that fine brown paper, to prevent blotting, was then rather a novelty.

Riddles for the Post-Office (Vol. vii., p. 258.).—The following is an exact copy of the direction of a letter mailed a few years ago by a German living in Lancaster county, Pa.:

Mulciber (Vol. iii., p. 102.).—I beg to inform Mr. Warde that in the printed Key to the Dispensary it is said, "'Tis the opinion of many that our poet means here Mr. Thomas Foley, a lawyer of notable parts."

Miscellaneous.

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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes and Queries, Number 199, August 20, 1853

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—Captain Cuttle.

CONTENTS.

Notes.

BACON'S ESSAYS, BY MARKBY.

BISHOP BURNET, H. WHARTON, AND SMITH.

EARLY PHILADELPHIA DIRECTORIES.

SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.

MOTTOS OF THE EMPERORS OF GERMANY.

POEMS BY MISS DELAVAL.

Minor Notes.

Minor Queries.

Minor Queries with Answers.

Replies.

ROSICRUCIANS.

SEARSON'S POEMS.

"FROM THE SUBLIME TO THE RIDICULOUS," ETC.

PASSAGE IN THE BURIAL SERVICE.

PATRICK'S PURGATORY.

LORD WILLIAM RUSSELL.

OAKEN TOMBS, ETC.

"COULD WE WITH INK," &c.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Replies to Minor Queries.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Notices to Correspondents.

INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION,
NERVOUSNESS, &c.—BARRY,
DU BARRY & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING
FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

Notes:—	Page
Bacon's Essays, by Markby	165
Bishop Burnet, H. Wharton, and Smith	167
Early Philadelphia Directories	168
Shakspeare Correspondence	168
Mottos of the Emperors of Germany, by Joshua G. Fitch	170
Poems by Miss Delaval	171
Minor Notes:—The Rights of Women—Green Pots used for drinking from by Members of the Temple—Quarles and Pascal—Offer to intending Editors—Head-dress	171
Queries:—
Minor Queries:—Fox-hunting—Broderie Anglaise—"The Convent," an Elegy—Memorial of Newton—Mammon—Derivation of Wellesley—The Battle of Cruden: a Query for Copenhagen Correspondents—Ampers and—The Myrtle Bee—Henry Earl of Wotton—Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages—Queen Anne's Motto—Anonymous Books	172
Minor Queries with Answers:—Major André—"The Fatal Mistake"—Anonymous Plays—High Commission Court	174
Replies:—
Rosicrucians	175
Searson's Poems	176
"From the Sublime to the Ridiculous," &c., by Henry H. Breen	177
Passage in the Burial Service, by Geo. A. Trevor and John Booker	177
Patrick's Purgatory, by William Blood	178
Lord William Russell	179
Oaken Tombs, &c.	179
"Could we with ink," &c., by the Rev. Moses Margoliouth, &c.	180
Photographic Correspondence:—Washing or not washing Collodion Pictures after developing, previous to fixing—Stereoscopic Angles—Sisson's Developing Solution	181
Replies to Minor Queries:—Robert Drury—Real Signatures versus Pseudo-Names—Lines on the Institution of the Garter—"Short red, God red," &c.—Martha Blount—Longevity—Its—Oldham, Bishop of Exeter—Boom—Lord North—Dutch Pottery—Cranmer's Correspondences—Portable Altars—Poem attributed to Shelley—Lady Percy, Wife of Hotspur (Daughter of Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March)—"Up, guards, and at them!"—Pennycomequick—Captain Booth of Stockport—"Hurrah," &c.—Detached Belfry Towers—Blotting-paper—Riddles for the Post-Office—Mulciber	181
Miscellaneous:—
Notes on Books, &c.	185
Books and Odd Volumes wanted	186
Notices to Correspondents	186
Advertisements	186

Age	£	s.	d.
17	1	14	4
22	1	18	8
27	2	4	5
32	2	10	8
37	2	18	6
42	3	8	2

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes and Queries, Number 199, August 20, 1853

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—Captain Cuttle.

CONTENTS.

Notes.

BACON'S ESSAYS, BY MARKBY.

BISHOP BURNET, H. WHARTON, AND SMITH.

EARLY PHILADELPHIA DIRECTORIES.

SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.

MOTTOS OF THE EMPERORS OF GERMANY.

POEMS BY MISS DELAVAL.

Minor Notes.

Minor Queries.

Minor Queries with Answers.

Replies.

ROSICRUCIANS.

SEARSON'S POEMS.

"FROM THE SUBLIME TO THE RIDICULOUS," ETC.

PASSAGE IN THE BURIAL SERVICE.

PATRICK'S PURGATORY.

LORD WILLIAM RUSSELL.

OAKEN TOMBS, ETC.

"COULD WE WITH INK," &c.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Replies to Minor Queries.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Notices to Correspondents.

INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.—BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION,
NERVOUSNESS, &c.—BARRY,
DU BARRY & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING
FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.