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<-- Begin file 9 of 11: S (Version 0.4) of
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<-- p. 1264 -->
<centered><point26>S.</point26></centered>
<hw>S</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>the nineteenth letter of the
English alphabet, is a consonanat, and is often called a
sibilant, in allusion to its hissing sound. It has two principal
sounds; one a more hissing, as in <xex>sack</xex>,
<xex>this</xex>; the other a vocal hissing (the same as that of
<xex>z</xex>), as in <xex>is</xex>, <xex>wise</xex>. Besides
these it sometimes has the sounds of <xex>sh</xex> and
<xex>zh</xex>, as in <xex>sure</xex>, <xex>measure</xex>. It
generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of words, but in
the middle and at the end of words its sound is determined by
usage. In a few words it is silent, as in <xex>isle</xex>,
<xex>d\'82bris</xex>. With the letter <xex>h</xex> it forms the
digraph <xex>sh</xex>. See <xex>Guide to pronunciation</xex>,
\'c5\'c5 255-261.</def>
<note> Both the form and the name of the letter S are derived
from the Latin, which got the letter through the Greek from the
Ph\'91nician. the ultimate origin is Egyptian. S is
etymologically most nearly related to <xex>c</xex>, <xex>z</xex>,
<xex>t</xex>, and <xex>r</xex>; as, in i<xex>c</xex>e, OE.
i<xex>s</xex>; E. hen<xex>c</xex>e, OE. henne<xex>s</xex>; E.
ra<xex>s</xex>e, ra<xex>z</xex>e; era<xex>s</xex>e,
ra<xex>z</xex>or; that, G. da<xex>s</xex>; E. rea<xex>s</xex>on,
F. rai<xex>s</xex>on, L. ra<xex>t</xex>io; E. wa<xex>s</xex>,
were; chai<xex>r</xex>, chai<xex>s</xex>e (see C, Z, T, and
R.).</note>
<hw>-s</hw>. <sn>1.</sn> <ety>[OE. <ets>es</ets>, AS.
<ets>as</ets>.]</ety> <def>The suffix used to form the plural of
most words; as in road<xex>s</xex>, elf<xex>s</xex>,
side<xex>s</xex>, account<xex>s</xex></def>.
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[OE. <ets>-s</ets>, for older <ets>-th</ets>,
AS. <ets>-\'eb</ets>.]</ety> <def>The suffix used to form the
third person singular indicative of English verbs; as in the
fall<xex>s</xex>, tell<xex>s</xex>, send<xex>s</xex>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An adverbial suffix; as in toward<xex>s</xex>,
need<xex>s</xex>, alway<xex>s</xex>, -- originally the genitive,
possesive, ending. See <er>-'s</er>.</def>
<hw>-'s</hw> <ety>[OE. <ets>-es</ets>, AS. <ets>-es</ets>.]</ety>
The suffix used to form the possessive singular of nouns; as,
boy'<xex>s</xex>; man'<xex>s</xex>.
<hw>'s</hw>. <def>A contraction for <xex>is</xex> or
(colloquially) for <xex>has</xex>.</def> \'bdMy
heart'<xex>s</xex> subdued.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sa"adh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>See
<er>Sadh</er>.</def>
<hw>Saan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bushmen</er>.</def>
<hw>Sab`a*dil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>cebadilla</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Mexican
liliaceous plant (<spn>Sch\'91nocaulon officinale</spn>); also,
its seeds, which contain the alkaloid veratrine. It was formerly
used in medicine as an emetic and purgative.</def>
<hw>Sa*b\'91"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>Same
as <er>Sabianism</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa*b\'91"an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sabianism</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sa"b\'91*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sa"ba*ism</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sabianism</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa"bal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A genus of palm trees including the palmetto of the Southern
United States.</def>
<hw>Sab"a*oth</hw> <pr>(s<acr/b"<asl/*<ocr/th <or/
s<adot/"b<amac/*<ocr/th; 277)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Heb.
<ets>tseb\'be'<omac/th</ets>, pl. of <ets>ts\'beb\'be'</ets>, an
army or host, fr. <ets>ts\'beb\'be'</ets>, to go forth to
war.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Armies; hosts.</def> <note>[Used
twice in the English Bible, in the phrase \'bdThe Lord of
Sabaoth.\'b8]</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Incorrectly, the Sabbath.</def>
<hw>Sab"bat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sabbath</er>.]</ety> <def>In medi\'91val demonology, the
nocturnal assembly in which demons and sorcerers were thought to
celebrate their orgies.</def>
<hw>Sab`ba*ta"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Sabbatarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sabbataire</ets>. See
<er>Sabbath</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who regards and
keeps the seventh day of the week as holy, aggreeably to the
letter of the fourth commandment in the Decalogue.</def>
<note><hand/ There were Christians in the early church who held
this opinion, and certain Christians, esp. the <xex>Seventh-day
Baptists</xex>, hold it now.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A strict observer of the Sabbath.</def>
<hw>Sab`ba*ta"ri*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to
the Sabbath, or the tenets of Sabbatarians.</def>
<hw>Sab`ba*ta"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
tenets of Sabbatarians.</def>
<au>Bp. Ward. (1673).</au>
<hw>Sab"bath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sabat</ets>, <ets>sabbat</ets>, F. <ets>sabbat</ets>, L.
<ets>sabbatum</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Heb. <ets>shabb\'beth</ets>,
fr. <ets>sh\'bebath</ets> to rest from labor. Cf.
<er>Sabbat</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A season or day of rest;
one day in seven appointed for rest or worship, the observance of
which was enjoined upon the Jews in the Decalogue, and has been
continued by the Christian church with a transference of the day
observed from the last to the first day of the week, which is
called also <altname>Lord's Day</altname>.</def>
<q>Remember the <qex>sabbath</qex> day, to keep it holy.</q>
<qau>Ex. xx. 8.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The seventh year, observed among the Israelites
as one of rest and festival.</def>
<au>Lev. xxv. 4.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: A time of rest or repose; intermission of
pain, effort, sorrow, or the like.</def>
<q>Peaceful sleep out the <qex>sabbath</qex> of the tomb.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<cs><col>Sabbath breaker</col>, <cd>one who violates the law of
the Sabbath.</cd> -- <col>Sabbath breaking</col>, <cd>the
violation of the law of the Sabbath.</cd> -- <col>Sabbath-day's
journey</col>, <cd>a distance of about a mile, which, under
Rabbinical law, the Jews were allowed to travel on the
Sabbath.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Sabbath</er>, <er>Sunday</er>.</syn> <usage>
<xex>Sabbath</xex> is not strictly synonymous with
<xex>Sunday</xex>. <xex>Sabbath</xex> denotes the institution;
<xex>Sunday</xex> is the name of the first day of the week. The
<xex>Sabbath</xex> of the Jews is on <xex>Saturday</xex>, and the
<xex>Sabbath</xex> of most Christians on <xex>Sunday</xex>. In
New England, the first day of the week has been called
\'bd<xex>the Sabbath</xex>,\'b8 to mark it as holy time;
<xex>Sunday</xex> is the word more commonly used, at present, in
all parts of the United States, as it is in England. \'bdSo if we
will be the children of our heavenly Father, we must be careful
to keep the Christian <xex>Sabbath</xex>day, which is the
<xex>Sunday</xex>.\'b8 <au>Homilies.</au></usage>
<hw>Sab"bath*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without Sabbath, or
intermission of labor; hence, without respite or rest.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sab*bat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sab*bat"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>sabbatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Sabbath; resembling the Sabbath; enjoying or bringing an
intermission of labor.</def>
<cs><col>Sabbatical year</col> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld>,
<cd>every seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded to
suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without
tillage.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sab"ba*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sabbatismus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to keep the Sabbath: cf.
F. <ets>sabbatisme</ets>. See <er>Sabbath</er>.]</ety>
<def>Intermission of labor, as upon the Sabbath; rest.</def>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Sab"ba*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sp.
<ets>zapaton</ets>, a large shoe, F. <ets>sabot</ets> a wooden
shoe.]</ety> <def>A round-toed, armed covering for the feet, worn
during a part of the sixteenth century in both military and civil
dress.</def>
<hw>Sa*be"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sabian</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa"be*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sabianism</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa*bel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
L. <ets>sabulum</ets> gravel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
genus of tubiculous annelids having a circle of plumose gills
around head.</def>
<hw>Sa*bel"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to the doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See <er>Sabellian</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></def>
<hw>Sa*bel"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.
Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of <xex>Sabellius</xex>, a presbyter
of Ptolemais in the third century, who maintained that there is
but one person in the Godhead, and that the Son and Holy Spirit
are only different powers, operations, or offices of the one God
the Father.</def>
<hw>Sa*bel"li*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See
<er>Sabellian</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>
<hw>Sa*bel"loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sabella</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or related to, the genus
Sabella. -- <wordforms><wf>Sa*bel"loid</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sa"ber</hw>, <hw>Sa"bre</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sabre</ets>, G. <ets>s\'84bel</ets>;
of uncertain origin; cf. Hung. <ets>sz\'a0blya</ets>, Pol.
<ets>szabla</ets>, Russ. <ets>sabla</ets>, and L. Gr. <?/
crooked, curved.]</ety> <def>A sword with a broad and heavy
blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a
scimiter; a cavalry sword.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Saber fish</col>, <or/ <col>Sabre
fish</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cutlass
fish.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sa"ber</hw>, <hw>Sa"bre</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sabered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Sabred</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sabering</er> or <er>Sabring</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sabrer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To strike, cut, or kill with a
saber; to cut down, as with a saber.</def>
<q>You send troops to <qex>saber</qex> and bayonet us into
submission.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sa"ber*bill`</hw>, <hw>Sa"bre*bill`</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The curlew.</def>
<hw>Sa"bi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Sabaeus</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>Sabean</asp>, and <asp>Sab\'91anism</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to Saba in Arabia, celebrated
for producing aromatic plants.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating to the religion of Saba, or to the
worship of the heavenly bodies.</def>
<hw>Sa"bi*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An adherent of the Sabian
religion; a worshiper of the heavenly bodies.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>Sab\'91an</asp>, and
<asp>Sabean</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sa"bi*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
doctrine of the Sabians; the Sabian religion; that species of
idolatry which consists in worshiping the sun, moon, and stars;
heliolatry.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>Sab\'91anism</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>\'d8Sab"i*cu</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The very
hard wood of a leguminous West Indian tree (<spn>Lysilona
Sabicu</spn>), valued for shipbuilding.</def>
<hw>Sa"bine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Sabinus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the ancient
Sabines, a people of Italy.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One
of the Sabine people.</def></def2>
<hw>Sab"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>Sabina herba</ets>, fr. <ets>Sabini</ets> the Sabines. Cf.
<er>Savin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Savin</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>sable</ets>, F. <ets>zibeline</ets> sable (in sense 4), LL.
<ets>sabellum</ets>; cf. D. <ets>sabel</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sabel</ets>, <ets>zobel</ets>, Sw. <ets>sabel</ets>,
<ets>sobel</ets>, G. <ets>zobel</ets>; all fr. Russ.
<ets>s\'a2bole</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (<spn>Mustela
zibellina</spn>) native of the northern latitudes of Europe,
Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable
fur.</def>
<note><hand/ The sable resembles the marten, but has a longer
head and ears. Its fur consists of a soft under wool, with a
dense coat of hair, overtopped by another still longer. It varies
greatly in color and quality according to the locality and the
season of the year. The darkest and most valuable furs are taken
in autumn and winter in the colder parts of Siberia, Russia, and
British North America.</note>
<note><hand/ The American sable, or marten, was formerly
considered a distinct species (<spn>Mustela Americana</spn>), but
it differs very little from the Asiatic sable, and is now
considered only a geographical variety.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fur of the sable.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mouring garment; a funeral robe; -- generally
in the plural.</def> \'bd<xex>Sables</xex> wove by destiny.\'b8
<au>Young.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The tincture black; --
represented by vertical and horizontal lines each other.</def>
<hw>Sa"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the color of
the sable's fur; dark; black; -- used chiefly in poetry.</def>
<q>Night, <qex>sable</qex> goddess! from her ebon throne,
In rayless majesty, now stretches forth
Her leaden scepter o'er a slumbering world.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<cs><col>Sable antelope</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large
South African antelope (<spn>Hippotragus niger</spn>). Both sexes
have long, sharp horns. The adult male is black; the female is
dark chestnut above, white beneath.</cd> -- <col>Sable
iron</col>, <cd>a superior quality of Russia iron; -- so called
because originally stamped with the figure of a sable.</cd> --
<col>Sable mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
lemming.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sa"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sabled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sabling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To render sable
or dark; to drape darkly or in black.</def>
<q><qex>Sabled</qex> all in black the shady sky.</q>
<qau>G. Fletcher.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Sa`bot"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of wooden shoe worn by the peasantry in
France, Belgium, Sweden, and some other European countries.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A thick, circular disk of
wood, to which the cartridge bag and projectile are attached, in
fixed ammunition for cannon; also, a piece of soft metal attached
to a projectile to take the groove of the rifling.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa`bo"ti\'8are</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of freezer for ices.</def>
<hw>Sa"bre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Saber</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa"bre*tasche`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sabretache</ets>, G. <ets>s\'84bel</ets>, <ets>tasche</ets>;
<ets>s\'84bel</ets> salber + <ets>tasche</ets> a pocket.]</ety>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A leather case or pocket worn by cavalry
at the left side, suspended from the sword belt.</def>
<au>Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci. ).</au>
<hw>Sa*bri"na work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A variety of
appliqu\'82 work for quilts, table covers, etc.</def>
<au>Caulfeild & S. (Dict. of Needlework).</au>
<hw>Sab"u*lose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sabulosus</ets>, from <ets>sabulum</ets>, <ets>sabulo</ets>,
sand.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing in sandy
places.</def>
<hw>Sab`u*los"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality of being sabulous; sandiness; grittiness.</def>
<hw>Sab"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sabulosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sandy; gritty.</def>
<hw>Sac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Sace</er>.</def>
<hw>Sac</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sake</er>,
<er>Soc</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The privilege
formerly enjoyed the lord of a manor, of holding courts, trying
causes, and imposing fines.</def>
<au>Cowell.</au>
<hw>Sac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>saccus</ets> a sack. See <er>Sack</er> a bag.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>See 2d <er>Sack</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A cavity, bag, or receptacle,
usually containing fluid, and either closed, or opening into
another cavity to the exterior; a sack.</def>
<hw>Sac"a*lait</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of fresh-water bass; the
crappie.</def> <mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sa"car</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Saker</er>.</def>
<hw>Sac*cade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A sudden, violent check of a horse by
drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with one
pull.</def>
<hw>Sac"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>saccatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>saccus</ets> a sack, bag.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a sack or
pouch; furnished with a sack or pouch, as a petal.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
<spn>Saccata</spn>, a suborder of ctenophores having two pouches
into which the long tentacles can be retracted.</def>
<hw>Sac"cha*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A salt of saccharic
acid.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a wider sense, a compound of
saccharose, or any similar carbohydrate, with such bases as the
oxides of calcium, barium, or lead; a sucrate.</def>
<hw>Sac*char"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or obtained from,
saccharine substances; specifically, designating an acid
obtained, as a white amorphous gummy mass, by the oxidation of
mannite, glucose, sucrose, etc.</def>
<hw>Sac`cha*rif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saccharon</ets> sugar + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Producing sugar; <as>as, <ex>sacchariferous</ex>
canes</as>.</def>
<hw>Sac*char"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Saccharified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Saccharifing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>saccharon</ets> sugar +
<ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>saccharifier</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Toconvert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.</def>
<hw>Sac`cha*ril"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind
of muslin.</def>
<hw>Sac`cha*rim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saccharon</ets> sugar + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>saccharim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for
ascertain the quantity of saccharine matter in any solution, as
the juice of a plant, or brewers' and distillers' worts.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>saccharometer</asp>.]</altsp>
<note><hand/ The <xex>common saccharimeter</xex> of the brewer is
an hydrometer adapted by its scale to point out the proportion of
saccharine matter in a solution of any specific gravity. The
<xex>polarizing saccharimeter</xex> of the chemist is a complex
optical apparatus, in which polarized light is transmitted
through the saccharine solution, and the proportion of sugar
indicated by the relative deviation of the plane of
polarization.</note>
<hw>Sac`cha*ri*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to saccharimetry; obtained
saccharimetry.</def>
<-- p. 1265 -->
<hw>Sac`cha*rim"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act, process or method of determining the amount and kind of
sugar present in sirup, molasses, and the like, especially by the
employment of polarizing apparatus.</def>
<hw>Sac"cha*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from
L. <ets>saccharon</ets> sugar.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
bitter white crystalline substance obtained from the
saccharinates and regarded as the lactone of saccharinic acid; --
so called because formerly supposed to be isomeric with cane
sugar (<xex>saccharose</xex>).</def>
<hw>Sac"cha*ri*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A salt of saccharinic
acid.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A salt of saccharine.</def>
<hw>Sac"cha*rine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>saccharin</ets>, fr. L. <ets>saccharob</ets> sugar, Gr. <?/,
<?/, Skr. <ets><cced/arkara</ets>. Cf. <er>Sugar</er>.]</ety>
<def>Of or pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar;
producing sugar; sweet; <as>as, a <ex>saccharine</ex> taste;
<ex>saccharine</ex> matter</as>.</def>
<hw>Sac"cha*rine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A trade name for benzoic
sulphinide.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>saccharin</asp>.]</altsp>
<-- A synthetic sweetening agent used (in the form of the sodium
salt) as a non-caloric sweetening agent, to avoid gaining weight
or for medical purposes. Benzoic sulfimide,
<chform>C7H5NO3S</chform>. -->
<hw>Sac"cha*rin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
saccharin; specifically, designating a complex acid not known in
the free state but well known in its salts, which are obtained by
boiling dextrose and levulose (invert sugar) with milk of
lime.</def>
<hw>Sac"cha*rize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Saccharized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Saccharizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To convert into, or to impregnate
with, sugar.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sac"cha*roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sac`cha*roid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>saccharon</ets> sugar + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>saccharo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>resembling sugar, as in
taste, appearance, consistency, or composition; <as>as,
<ex>saccharoidal</ex> limestone</as>.</def>
<hw>Sac`cha*rom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
saccharimeter.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sac`cha*ro*my"ces</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ sugar + <?/, <?/, a fungus.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A genus of budding fungi, the various
species of which have the power, to a greater or less extent, or
splitting up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid. They are the
active agents in producing fermentation of wine, beer, etc.
<spn>Saccharomyces cerevisi\'91</spn> is the yeast of sedimentary
beer. Also called <altname>Torula</altname>.</def><-- Brewers'
yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. -->
<hw>\'d8Sac`cha*ro*my*ce"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A family of fungi consisting of the one
genus Saccharomyces.</def>
<hw>Sac"cha*ro*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of saccharonic acid.</def>
<hw>Sac"cha*rone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sacchar</ets>in + lact<ets>one</ets>,]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A white crystalline
substance, <chform>C6H8O6</chform>, obtained by the oxidation of
saccharin, and regarded as the lactone of saccharonic acid.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An oily liquid, <chform>C6H10O2</chform>,
obtained by the reduction of saccharin.</def>
<hw>Sac`cha*ron"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
saccharone; specifically, designating an unstable acid which is
obtained from saccharone <sd>(a)</sd> by hydration, and forms a
well-known series of salts.</def>
<hw>Sac"cha*rose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Cane sugar; sucrose; also, in general,
any one of the group of which saccharose, or sucrose proper, is
the type. See <er>Sucrose</er>.</def>
<hw>Sac"cha*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Saccharine.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sac"cha*rum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Saccharine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of
tall tropical grasses including the sugar cane.</def>
<hw>Sac`cho*lac"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Saccharolactatic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt
of saccholactactic acid; -- formerly called also
<altname>saccholate</altname>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See
<er>Mucate</er>.</def>
<hw>Sac`cho*lac"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saccharon</ets> sugar + <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>,
milk.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or
designating, an acid now called <xex>mucic acid</xex>;
saccholic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sac*chol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Saccholatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sac*chul"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sacchulmic acid.</def>
<hw>Sac*chul"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sacch</ets>arine + <ets>ulmic</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an
acid obtained as a dark amorphous substance by the long-continued
boiling of sucrose with very dilute sulphuric acid. It resembles
humic acid.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sacculmic</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sac*chul"min</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An amorphous huminlike substance
resembling sacchulmic acid, and produced together with it.</def>
<hw>Sac*cif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saccus</ets> a sack + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Bearing a sac.</def>
<hw>Sac"ci*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saccus</ets> a sack + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the general form of a sac.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sac`co*glos"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>saccus</ets> a sack + Gr. <?/ a
tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Pellibranchiata</er>.</def>
<hw>Sac"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a sac;
sacciform.</def>
<hw>Sac"cu*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished
with little sacs.</def>
<hw>Sac"cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sacculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>saccus</ets> sack.]</ety>
<def>A little sac; specifically, the sacculus of the ear.</def>
<hw>Sac`cu*lo-coch"le*ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>pertaining to the sacculus and cochlea of
the ear.</def>
<hw>Sac`cu*lo-u*tric"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the sacculus and utriculus
of the ear.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sac"cu*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sacculi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., little
sack.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A little sac; esp., a part
of the membranous labyrinth of the ear. See the Note under
<er>Ear</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sac"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sacci</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a sack.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A sac.</def>
<hw>Sa*cel"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sacella</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of
<ets>sacrum</ets> a sacred place.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Rom.
Antiq.)</fld> <def>An unroofed space consecrated to a
divinity.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A small
monumental chapel in a church.</def>
<au>Shipley.</au>
<hw>Sac`er*do"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sacerdotalis</ets>, fr. <ets>sacerdos</ets>,
<ets>-otis</ets>, a priest, fr.<ets>sacer</ets> holy, sacred: cf.
F. <ets>sacerdotal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to
priests, or to the order of priests; relating to the priesthood;
priesty; <as>as, <ex>sacerdotal</ex> dignity; <ex>sacerdotal</ex>
functions</as>.</def>
<q>The ascendency of the <qex>sacerdotal</qex> order was long the
ascendency which naturally and properly belongs to intellectual
superiority.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Sac`er*do"tal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>m.</pos> <def>The
system, style, spirit, or character, of a priesthood, or
sacerdotal order; devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal
order.</def>
<hw>Sac`er*do"tal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sacerdotal
manner.</def>
<hw>Sach"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small bag.
See <er>Satchel</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa"chem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chief of a
tribe of the American Indians; a sagamore.</def>
<hw>Sa"chem*dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
government or jurisdiction of a sachem.</def>
<au>Dr. T. Dwight.</au>
<hw>Sa"chem*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Office or condition of
a sachem.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa`chet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., dim.
of <ets>sac</ets>. See <er>Sac</er>.]</ety> <def>A scent bag, or
perfume cushion, to be laid among handkerchiefe, garments, etc.,
to perfume them.</def>
<hw>Sa*ci"e*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Satiety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>seck</ets>, F. <ets>sec</ets> dry (cf. Sp. <ets>seco</ets>,
It <ets>secco</ets>), from L. <ets>siccus</ets> dry, harsh;
perhaps akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>sikata</ets> sand, Ir.
<ets>sesc</ets> dry, W. <ets>hysp</ets>. Cf.
<er>Desiccate</er>.]</ety> <def>A anme formerly given to various
dry Spanish wines.</def> \'bdSherris <xex>sack</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Sack posset</col>, <cd>a posset made of sack, and some
other ingredients.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sak</ets>,
<ets>sek</ets>, AS. <ets>sacc</ets>, <ets>s\'91cc</ets>, L.
<ets>saccus</ets>, Gr. <?/ from Heb. <ets>sak</ets>; cf. F.
<ets>sac</ets> from the Latin. Cf. <er>Sac</er>,
<er>Satchel</er>, <er>Sack</er> to plunder.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A bag for holding and carrying goods of any kind; a
receptacle made of some kind of pliable material, as cloth,
leather, and the like; a large pouch.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A measure of varying capacity, according to
local usage and the substance. The American <xex>sack</xex> of
salt is 215 pounds; the <xex>sack</xex> of wheat, two
bushels.</def>
<au>McElrath.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps a different word.]</ety>
<def>Originally, a loosely hanging garnment for women, worn like
a cloak about the shoulders, and serving as a decorative
appendage to the gown; now, an outer garment with sleeves, worn
by women; <as>as, a dressing <ex>saek</ex></as>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>sacque</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and
extending from top to bottom without a cross seam.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See 2d <er>Sac</er>, 2.</def>
<--6. [Colloq.] Bed. -->
<cs><col>Sack bearer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>. <cd>See
<cref>Basket worm</cref>, under <er>Basket</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sack tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an East Indian tree
(<spn>Antiaris saccidora</spn>) which is cut into lengths, and
made into sacks by turning the bark inside out, and leaving a
slice of the wood for a bottom.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To give the
sack to</col> <or/ <col>get the sack</col></mcol>, <cd>to
discharge, or be discharged, from employment; to jilt, or be
jilted. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs><-- hit the sack, go to
bed. -->
<hw>Sack</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put in a
sack; to bag; <as>as, to <ex>sack</ex> corn</as>.</def>
<q>Bolsters <qex>sacked</qex> in cloth, blue and crimson.</q>
<qau>L. Wallace.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the
shoulders.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Sack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sac</ets> plunder,
pillage, originally, a pack, packet, booty packed up, fr. L.
<ets>saccus</ets>. See <er>Sack</er> a bag.]</ety> <def>the
pillage or plunder, as of a town or city; the storm and plunder
of a town; devastation; ravage.</def>
<q>The town was stormed, and delivered up to <qex>sack</qex>, --
by which phrase is to be understood the perpetration of all those
outrages which the ruthless code of war allowed, in that age, on
the persons and property of the defenseless inhabitants, without
regard to sex or age.</q>
<qau>Prescott.</qau>
<hw>Sack</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sacked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Sack</er>
pillage.]</ety> <def>To plunder or pillage, as a town or city; to
devastate; to ravage.</def>
<q>The Romans lay under the apprehension of seeing their city
<qex>sacked</qex> by a barbarous enemy.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Sack"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
taking by storm and pillaging; sack.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>H. Roscoe.</au>
<hw>Sack"but</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>saquebute</ets>, OF. <ets>saqueboute</ets> a sackbut.
earlier, a sort of hook attached to the end of a lance used by
foot soldiers to unhorse cavalrymen; prop. meaning, pull and
push; fr. <ets>saquier</ets>, <ets>sachier</ets>, to pull, draw
(perhaps originally, to put into a bag or take out from a bag;
see <er>Sack</er> a bag) + <ets>bouter</ets> to push (see
<er>Butt</er> to thrust). The name was given to the musical
instrument from its being lengthened and shortened.]</ety>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A brass wind instrument, like a bass
trumpet, so contrived that it can be lengthened or shortened
according to the tone required; -- said to be the same as the
trombone.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>sagbut</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</au>
<note><hand/ The <xex>sackbut</xex> of the Scriptures is supposed
to have been a stringed instrument.</note>
<hw>Sack"cloth`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Linen
or cotton cloth such a sacks are made of; coarse cloth;
anciently, a cloth or garment worn in mourning, distress,
mortification, or penitence.</def>
<q>Gird you with <qex>sackcloth</qex>, and mourn before
Abner.</q>
<qau>2 Sam. iii. 31.</qau>
<q>Thus with <qex>sackcloth</qex> I invest my woe.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>
<hw>sack"clothed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Clothed
in sackcloth.</def>
<hw>Sack"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who sacks;
one who takes part in the storm and pillage of a town.</def>
<hw>Sack"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sackfuls</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>As much as a sack
will hold.</def>
<hw>Sack"ful</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bent on plunder.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Sack"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>s\'91ccing</ets>,
from <ets>s\'91cc</ets> sack, bag.]</ety> <def>Stout, coarse
cloth of which sacks, bags, etc., are made.</def>
<hw>Sack"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sacle\'a0s</ets>; <ets>sacu</ets> contention +
<ets>le\'a0s</ets> loose, free from.]</ety> <def>Quiet;
peaceable; harmless; innocent.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sack"-winged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a peculiar pouch developed near
the front edge of the wing; -- said of certain bats of the genus
<spn>Saccopteryx</spn>.</def>
<hw>Sacque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formed after
the analogy of the French. See 2d <er>Sack</er>.]</ety> <def>Same
as 2d <er>Sack</er>, 3.</def>
<hw>Sa"cral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to the sacrum; in the region of the
sacrum.</def>
<hw>Sac"ra*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sacramentum</ets> an oath, a sacred thing, a mystery, a
sacrament, fr. <ets>sacrare</ets> to declare as sacred,
<ets>sacer</ets> sacred: cf. F. <ets>sacrament</ets>. See
<er>Sacred</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The oath of allegiance
taken by Roman soldiers; hence, a sacred ceremony used to impress
an obligation; a solemn oath-taking; an oath.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>I'll take the <qex>sacrament</qex> on't.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The pledge or token of an oath or solemn
cobenant; a sacred thing; a mystery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>God sometimes sent a light of fire, and pillar of a cloud . .
. and the <qex>sacrament</qex> of a rainbow, to guide his people
through their portion of sorrows.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One of the solemn religious
ordinances enjoined by Christ, the head of the Christian church,
to be observed by his followers; hence, specifically, the
eucharist; the Lord's Supper.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Sacrament</er>, <er>Eucharist</er>.</syn>
<usage> -- Protestants apply the term <xex>sacrament</xex> to
baptism and the Lord's Supper, especially the latter. The R.
Cath. and Greek churches have five other sacraments, viz.,
confirmation, penance, holy orders, matrimony, and extreme
unction. As <xex>sacrament</xex> denotes an oath or vow, the word
has been applied by way of emphasis to the Lord's Supper, where
the most sacred vows are renewed by the Christian in
commemorating the death of his Redeemer. <xex>Eucharist</xex>
denotes the <xex>giving of thanks</xex>; and this term also has
been applied to the same ordinance, as expressing the grateful
remembrance of Christ's sufferings and death. \'bdSome receive
the <xex>sacrament</xex> as a means to procure great graces and
blessings; others as an <xex>eucharist</xex> and an office of
thanksgiving for what they have received.\'b8</usage>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Sac"ra*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bind
by an oath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Laud.</au>
<hw>Sac`ra*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sacramentalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sacramental</ets>,
<ets>sacramentel</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining
to a sacrament or the sacraments; of the nature of a sacrament;
sacredly or solemny binding; <as>as, <ex>sacramental</ex> rites
or elements</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bound by a sacrament.</def>
<q>The <qex>sacramental</qex> host of God's elect.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<hw>Sac`ra*men"tal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which relates to
a sacrament.</def>
<au>Bp. Morton.</au>
<hw>Sac`ra*men"tal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
doctrine and use of sacraments; attashment of excessive
importance to sacraments.</def>
<hw>Sac`ra*men"tal*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who holds the
doctrine of the real objective presence of Christ;s body and
blood in the holy eucharist.</def>
<au>Shipley.</au>
<hw>Sac`ra*men"tal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sacrament
manner.</def>
<hw>Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>sacramentarius</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sacramentaire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>
<def>A name given in the sixteenth century to those German
reformers who rejected both the Roman and the Lutheran doctrine
of the holy eucharist.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who holds extreme opinions regarding the
efficacy of sacraments.</def>
<hw>Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of
or pertaining a sacrament, or to the sacramentals;
sacramental.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.</def>
<hw>Sac`ra*ment"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining a sacrament or the sacraments;
sacramental.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.</def>
<hw>Sac`ra*men"ta*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-ries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL.
<ets>sacramentarium</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sacramentaire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An ancient book
of the Roman Catholic Church, written by Pope Gelasius, and
revised, corrected, and abridged by St. Gregory, in which were
contained the rites for Mass, the sacraments, the dedication of
churches, and other ceremonies. There are several ancient books
of the same kind in France and Germany.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Sacramentarian</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
1.</def>
<q>Papists, Anabaptists, and <qex>Sacramentaries</qex>.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Sac"ra*ment*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
administer the sacraments.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Both to preach and <qex>sacramentize</qex>.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Sa*cra"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-ria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr.
<ets>sacer</ets> sacred.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sort of family
chapel in the houses of the Romans, devoted to a special
divinity.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The adytum of a temple.</def>
<au>Gwilt.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>In a Christian church, the sanctuary.</def>
<hw>Sa"crate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sacratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>sacrare</ets>. See
<er>Sacred</er>.]</ety> <def>To consecrate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sa*cra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Consecration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sa"cre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sakker</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa"cre</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sacrer</ets>. See
<er>Sacred</er>.]</ety> <def>To consecrate; to make sacred.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Sa"cred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Originally
p.p. of OE. <ets>sacren</ets> to consecrate, F.
<ets>sacrer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sacrare</ets>, fr.
<ets>sacer</ets> sacred, holy, cursed. Cf. <er>Consecrate</er>,
<er>Execrate</er>, <er>Saint</er>, <er>Sextion</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Set apart by solemn religious ceremony;
especially, in a good sense, made holy; set apart to religious
use; consecrated; not profane or common; <as>as, a
<ex>sacred</ex> place; a <ex>sacred</ex> day; <ex>sacred</ex>
service</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating to religion, or to the services of
religion; not secular; religious; <as>as, <ex>sacred</ex>
history</as>.</def>
<q>Smit with the love of <qex>sacred</qex> song.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Designated or exalted by a divine sanction;
possessing the highest title to obedience, honor, reverence, or
veneration; entitled to extreme reverence; venerable.</def>
<q>Such neighbor nearness to our <qex>sacred</qex> [royal] blood
Should nothing privilege him.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Poet and saint to thee alone were given,
The two most <qex>sacred</qex> names of earth and heaven.</q>
<qau>Cowley.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence, not to be profaned or violated;
inviolable.</def>
<q>Secrets of marriage still are <qex>sacred</qex> held.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; -- with
<xex>to</xex>.</def>
<q>A temple, <qex>sacred</qex> to the queen oflove.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Solemnly devoted, in a bad sense, as to evil,
vengeance, curse, or the like; accursed; baleful.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<q>But, to destruction <qex>sacred</qex> and devote.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<-- p. 1266 -->
<cs><col>Society of the Sacred Heart</col> <fld>(R.C. Ch.)</fld>,
<cd>a religious order of women, founded in France in 1800, and
approved in 1826. It was introduced into America in 1817. The
members of the order devote themselves to the higher branches of
female education.</cd> -- <col>Sacred baboon</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hamadryas</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sacred bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a seed of the
Oriental lotus (<spn>Nelumbo speciosa</spn> or <spn>Nelimbium
speciosum</spn>), a plant resembling a water lily; also, the
plant itself. See <er>Lotus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sacred
beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Scarab</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Sacred canon</col>. <cd>See <er>Canon</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Sacred fish</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of fresh-water African fishes
of the family <spn>Mormyrid\'91</spn>. Several large species
inhabit the Nile and were considered sacred by the ancient
Egyptians; especially <spn>Mormyris oxyrhynchus</spn>.</cd> --
<col>Sacred ibis</col>. <cd>See <er>Ibis</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sacred monkey</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>Any Asiatic monkey of the genus <spn>Semnopitchecus</spn>,
regarded as sacred by the Hindoos; especially, the entellus</cd>.
See <er>Entellus</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The sacred baboon.</cd>
See <er>Hamadryas</er>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The blunder monkey.</cd>
-- <col>Sacred place</col> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld>, <cd>the place
where a deceased person is buried.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Holy; divine; hallowed; consecrated; dedicated;
devoted; religious; venerable; reverend.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sa"cred*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
-- <wf>Sa"cred*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sacrif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sa*crif"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sacrificus</ets>, <ets>sacrificalis</ets>. See
<er>Sacrifice</er>.]</ety> <def>Employed in sacrifice.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>Sa*crif"ic*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being offered in sacrifice.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sa*crif"ic*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sacrificans</ets>, p.pr. See <er>Sacrifice</er>.]</ety>
<def>One who offers a sacrifice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sac"ri*fi*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A sacrificer; one who offers a
sacrifice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sa*crif"ic*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>sacrificatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Offering
sacrifice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sherwood.</au>
<hw>Sac"ri*fice</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sacrifise</ets>, <ets>sacrifice</ets>, F.
<ets>sacrifice</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sacrificium</ets>;
<ets>sacer</ets> sacer + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See
<er>Sacred</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
offering of anything to God, or to a god; consecratory
rite.</def>
<q>Great pomp, and <qex>sacrifice</qex>, and praises loud,
To Dagon.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything consecrated and offered to God, or to a
divinity; an immolated victin, or an offering of any kind, laid
upon an altar, or otherwise presented in the way of religious
thanksgiving, atonement, or conciliation.</def>
<q>Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood
Of human <qex>sacrifice</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>My life, if thou preserv's my life,
Thy <qex>sacrifice</qex> shall be.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Destruction or surrender of anything for the
sake of something else; devotion of some desirable object in
behalf of a higher object, or to a claim deemed more pressing;
hence, also, the thing so devoted or given up; <as>as, the
<ex>sacrifice</ex> of interest to pleasure, or of pleasure to
interest</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sale at a price less than the cost or the
actual value.</def> <mark>[Tradesmen's Cant]</mark>
<cs><col>Burnt sacrifice</col>. <cd>See <cref>Burnt
offering</cref>, under <er>Burnt</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sacrifice
hit</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>in batting, a hit of such a
kind that the batter loses his chance of tallying, but enables
one or more who are on bases to get home or gain a
base.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sac"ri*fice</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sacrificed</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sacrificing</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Sacrifice</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>: cf. F. <ets>sacrifier</ets>, L.
<ets>sacrificare</ets>; <ets>sacer</ets> sacred, holy +
<ets>-ficare</ets> (only in comp.) to make. See
<er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make an offering of; to
consecrate or present to a divinity by way of expiation or
propitiation, or as a token acknowledgment or thanksgiving; to
immolate on the altar of God, in order to atone for sin, to
procure favor, or to express thankfulness; <as>as, to
<ex>sacrifice</ex> an ox or a sheep</as>.</def>
<q>Oft <qex>sacrificing</qex> bullock, lamb, or kid.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to destroy, surrender, or suffer to be
lost, for the sake of obtaining something; to give up in favor of
a higher or more imperative object or duty; to devote, with loss
or suffering.</def>
<q>Condemned to <qex>sacrifice</qex> his childish years
To babbling ignorance, and to empty fears.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<q>The Baronet had <qex>sacrificed</qex> a large sum . . . for
the sake of . . . making this boy his heir.</q>
<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To destroy; to kill.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To sell at a price less than the cost or the
actual value.</def> <mark>[Tradesmen's Cant]</mark>
<hw>Sac"ri*fice</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make offerings to
God, or to a deity, of things consumed on the altar; to offer
sacrifice.</def>
<q>O teacher, some great mischief hath befallen
To that meek man, who well had <qex>sacrificed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sac"ri*fi`cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sacrifices.</def>
<hw>Sac`ri*fi"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to sacrifice or sacrifices; consisting in sacrifice;
performing sacrifice.</def> \'bd<xex>Sacrificial</xex> rites.\'b8
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Sac"ri*lege</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sacril\'8age</ets>, L. <ets>sacrilegium</ets>, from
<ets>sacrilegus</ets> that steals, properly, gathers or picks up,
sacred things; <ets>sacer</ets> sacred + <ets>legere</ets> to
gather, pick up. See <er>Sacred</er>, and <er>Legend</er>.]</ety>
<def>The sin or crime of violating or profaning sacred things;
the alienating to laymen, or to common purposes, what has been
appropriated or consecrated to religious persons or uses.</def>
<q>And the hid treasures in her sacred tomb
With <qex>sacrilege</qex> to dig.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Families raised upon the ruins of churches, and enriched with
the spoils of <qex>sacrilege</qex>.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Sac`ri*le"gious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<ets>sacrilege</ets>: cf. L. <ets>sacrilegus</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Violating sacred things; polluted with sacrilege; involving
sacrilege; profane; impious.</def>
<q>Above the reach of <qex>sacrilegious</qex> hands.</q>
<qau>pope.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sac`ri*le"gious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sac`ri*le"gious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sac"ri*le`gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
guilty of sacrilege.</def>
<hw>Sac"ring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from
<er>Sacre</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Sacring bell</col>. <cd>See <cref>Sanctus bell</cref>,
under <er>Sanctus</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sa"crist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>sacrista</ets>. See <er>Sacristan</er>.]</ety> <def>A
sacristan; also, a person retained in a cathedral to copy out
music for the choir, and take care of the books.</def>
<hw>Sac"ris*tan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sacristian</ets>, LL. <ets>sacrista</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>sacer</ets>. See <er>Sacred</er>, and cf.
<er>Sexton</er>.]</ety> <def>An officer of the church who has the
care of the utensils or movables, and of the church in general; a
sexton.</def>
<hw>Sac"ris*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sacristies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.
<ets>sacristie</ets>, LL. <ets>sacristia</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>sacer</ets>. See <er>Sacred</er>.]</ety> <def>A apartment in
a church where the sacred utensils, vestments, etc., are kept; a
vestry.</def>
<hw>Sa"cro-</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A
combining form denoting <xex>connection with</xex>, or
<xex>relation to</xex>, <xex>the sacrum</xex>, as in
<xex>sacro</xex>-coccyageal, <xex>sacro</xex>-iliac,
<xex>sacro</xex>sciatic.</def>
<hw>Sac"ro*sanct</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sucrosanctus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sacred; inviolable.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Sa`cro*sci*at"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both the sacrum and
the hip; <as>as, the <ex>sacrosciatic</ex> formina formed by the
<ex>sacrosciatic</ex> ligaments which connect the sacrum and hip
bone</as>.</def>
<hw>Sa`cro*ver"te*bral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the sacrum and that
part of the vertebral column immediately anterior to it; <as>as,
the <ex>sacrovertebral</ex> angle</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8sa"crum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<pluw>sacra</pluw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L.
<ets>sacer sacred, <ets>os sacrum</ets> the lowest bone of the
spine.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> That part of the vertebral
column which is directly connected with, or forms a part of, the
pelvis.</def>
<note><hand/ It may consist of a single vertebra or of several
more or less consolidated. In man it forms the dorsal, or
posterior, wall of the pelvis, and consists of five united
vertebr\'91, which diminish in size very rapidly to the posterior
extremity, which bears the coccyx.</note>
<hw>Sacs</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.
<singw>Sac</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>
<def>A tribe of Indians, which, together with the Foxes, formerly
occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>Sauks</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sadder</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>supperl.</pos> <er>Saddest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sad</ets> sated, tired, satisfied, firm, steadfast, AS.
<ets>s\'91d</ets> satisfied, sated; akin to D. <ets>zat</ets>,
OS. <ets>sad</ets>, G. <ets>tt</ets>, OHG. <ets>sat</ets>,
<ets>sa<?/r</ets>, <ets>saddr</ets>, Goth. <ets>saps</ets>, Lith.
<ets>sotus</ets>, L. <ets>sat</ets>, <ets>satis</ets>, enough,
<ets>satur</ets> sated, Gr. <?/ to satiate <?/ enough. Cf.
<er>Assets</er>, <er>Sate</er>, <er>Satiate</er>, <er>Satisfy
Satire</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sated; satisfied; weary;
tired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Yet of that art they can not waxen <qex>sad</qex>,
For unto them it is a bitter sweet.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard.</def>
<mark>[Obs., except in a few phrases; <as>as, <ex>sad</ex>
bread</as>.]</mark>
<q>His hand, more <qex>sad</qex> than lump of lead.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Chalky lands are naturally cold and <qex>sad</qex>.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Dull; grave; dark; somber; -- said of
colors.</def> \'bd<xex>Sad</xex>-colored clothes.\'b8
<au>Walton.</au>
<q>Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of
all <qex>sad</qex> colors.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Serious; grave; sober; steadfast; not light or
frivolous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdRipe and <xex>sad</xex>
courage.\'b8
<au>Bacon.</au>
<q>Which treaty was wisely handled by <qex>sad</qex> and discrete
counsel of both parties.</q>
<qau>Ld. Berners.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Affected with grief or unhappiness; cast down
with affliction; downcast; gloomy; mournful.</def>
<q>First were we <qex>sad</qex>, fearing you would not come;
Now <qex>sadder</qex>, that you come so unprovided.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The angelic guards ascended, mute and <qex>sad</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; <as>as,
a <ex>sad</ex> accident; a <ex>sad</ex> misfortune</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Hence, bad; naughty; troublesome; wicked.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Sad</xex> tipsy fellows, both of
them.\'b8
<au>I. Taylor.</au>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sad</xex> is sometimes used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>sad</xex>-colored,
<xex>sad</xex>-eyed, <xex>sad</xex>-hearted,
<xex>sad</xex>-looking, and the like.</note>
<cs><col>Sad bread</col>, <cd>heavy bread. <mark>[Scot. & Local,
U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Sorrowful; mournful; gloomy; dejected; depressed;
cheerless; downcast; sedate; serious; grave; grievous;
afflictive; calamitous.</syn>
<hw>Sad</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make sorrowful; to
sadden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>How it <qex>sadded</qex> the minister's spirits!</q>
<qau>H. Peters.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Sad"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.
<ets>sad-dar</ets> the hundred gates or ways; <ets>sad</ets> a
hundred + <ets>dar</ets> door, way.]</ety> <def>A work in the
Persian tongue, being a summary of the Zend-Avesta, or sacred
books.</def>
<hw>Sad"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Saddened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Saddening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make sad.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To render heavy or
cohesive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Marl is binding, and <qex>saddening</qex> of land is the great
prejudice it doth to clay lands.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To make dull- or sad-colored, as cloth</def>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To make grave or serious; to make melancholy or
sorrowful</def>.
<q>Her gloomy presence <qex>saddens</qex> all the scene.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Sad"den</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become, or be made,
sad.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Sad"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sadda</er>.</def>
<hw>Sad"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sadel</ets>, AS. <ets>sadol</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>zadel</ets>, G. <ets>sattel</ets>, OHG. <ets>satal</ets>,
<ets>satul</ets>, Icel. <ets>s\'94<edh/ull</ets>, Dan. & Sw.
<ets>sadel</ets>; cf. Russ. <ets>siedlo</ets>; all perh.
ultimately from the root of E. <ets>sit</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A seat for a rider, -- usually made of leather, padded to
span comfortably a horse's back, furnished with stirrups for the
rider's feet to rest in, and fastened in place with a girth;
also, a seat for the rider on a bicycle or tricycle.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A padded part of a harness which is worn on a
horse's back, being fastened in place with a girth. It serves
various purposes, as to keep the breeching in place, carry guides
for the reins, etc.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A piece of meat containing a part of the
backbone of an animal with the ribs on each side; <as>as, a
<ex>saddle</ex> of mutton, of venison, etc.</as></def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A block of wood, usually
fastened to some spar, and shaped to receive the end of another
spar.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A part, as a flange, which is
hollowed out to fit upon a convex surface and serve as a means of
attachment or support.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The clitellus of an
earthworm.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The threshold of a door, when
a separate piece from the floor or landing; -- so called because
it spans and covers the joint between two floors.</def>
<cs><col>Saddle bar</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>one the small
iron bars to which the lead panels of a glazed window are
secured.</cd> <au>Oxf. Gloss.</au> -- <col>Saddle gall</col>
<fld>(Far.)</fld>, <cd>a sore or gall upon a horse's back, made
by the saddle.</cd> -- <col>Saddle girth</col>, <cd>a band
passing round the body of a horse to hold the saddle in its
place.</cd> -- <col>saddle horse</col>, <cd>a horse suitable or
trained for riding with a saddle.</cd> -- <col>Saddle
joint</col>, <cd>in sheet-metal roofing, a joint formed by
bending up the edge of a sheet and folding it downward over the
turned-up edge of the next sheet.</cd> -- <col>Saddle roof</col>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a roof having two gables and one ridge;
-- said of such a roof when used in places where a different form
is more common; <as>as, a tower surmounted by a <ex>saddle
roof</ex></as>. Called also <altname>saddleback
roof</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Saddle shell</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any thin plicated bivalve shaell of
the genera <spn>Placuna</spn> and <spn>Anomia</spn>; -- so called
from its shape. Called also <altname>saddle
oyster</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sad"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Saddled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Saddling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>sadelian</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To put a saddle upon; to equip (a beast) for
riding.</def> \'bd<xex>saddle</xex> my horse.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Abraham rose up early <?/ and <qex>saddled</qex> his ass.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxii. 3.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: To fix as a charge or burden upon; to
load; to encumber; <as>as, to <ex>saddle</ex> a town with the
expense of bridges and highways</as>.</def>
<hw>Sad"dle*back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Saddle-backed</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Saddleback roof</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Saddle roof</cref>, under <er>Saddle</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sad"dle*back`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything
saddle-backed; esp., a hill or ridge having a concave outline at
the top.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The harp
seal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The great blackbacked gull
(<spn>Larus marinus</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The larva of
a bombycid moth (<spn>Empretia stimulea</spn>) which has a large,
bright green, saddle-shaped patch of color on the back.</def>
<hw>Sad"dle-backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having the outline of the upper part concave like the seat
of a saddle.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a low back and high neck, as a
horse.</def>
<hw>Sad"dle*bags</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>Bags,
usually of leather, united by straps or a band, formerly much
used by horseback riders to carry small articles, one bag hanging
on each side.</def>
<hw>Sad"dle*bow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sadelboga</ets>.]</ety> <def>The bow or arch in the front
part of a saddle, or the pieces which form the front.</def>
<hw>Sad"dle*cloth`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
cloth under a saddle, and extending out behind; a housing.</def>
<hw>Sad"dled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a broad patch of color across
the back, like a saddle; saddle-backed.</def>
<hw>Sad"dler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. .</pos><def>One who makes
saddles.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A harp seal.</def>
<hw>Sad"dler*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The materials for making saddles and harnesses; the articles
usually offered for sale in a saddler's shop.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The trade or employment of a saddler.</def>
<hw>Sad"dle-shaped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped
like a saddle.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Bent down at the sides so as to give the upper part a
rounded form.</def>
<au>Henslow.</au>
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Bent on each side of a
mountain or ridge, without being broken at top; -- said of
strata</def>.
<hw>Sad"dle*tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The frame
of a saddle.</def>
<q>For <qex>saddletree</qex> scarce reached had he,
His journey to begin.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<hw>Sad`du*ca"ic</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to, or like, the Sadducees; <as>as,
<ex>Sadducaic</ex> reasonings</as>.</def>
<hw>Sad"du*cee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Sadducaei</ets>, p., Gr. <?/, Heb.
<ets>Tsadd<umac/k\'c6m</ets>; -- so called from
<ets>Ts\'bed<omac/k</ets>, the founder of the sect.]</ety>
<def>One of a sect among the ancient Jews, who denied the
resurrection, a future state, and the existence of angels.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sad`du*ce"an</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sad"du*cee`ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sad"du*cism</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The tenets of the
Sadducees.</def>
<hw>Sad"du*cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sadducized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sadducizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To adopt the principles of the
Sadducees.</def>
<au>Atterbury.</au>
<hw>Sadh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.
<ets>s\'bedhu</ets> perfect, pure.]</ety> <def>A member of a
monotheistic sect of Hindoos. Sadhs resemble the Quakers in many
respects.</def>
<au>Balfour (cyc. of India).</au>
<hw>Sad"i`ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably
<ets>sad</ets> heavy + <ets>iron</ets>.]</ety> <def>An iron for
smoothing clothes; a flatiron.</def>
<hw>Sad"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wearily;
heavily; firmly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>In go the spears full <qex>sadly</qex> in arest.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Seriously; soberly; gravely.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To tell thee <qex>sadly</qex>, shepherd, without blame
Or our neglect, we lost her as we came.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Grievously; deeply; sorrowfully;
miserably.</def> \'bdHe <xex>sadly</xex> suffers in their
grief.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Sad"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Heaviness;
firmness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Seriousness; gravity; discretion.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Her <qex>sadness</qex> and her benignity.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Quality of being sad, or unhappy; gloominess;
sorrowfulness; dejection.</def>
<q>Dim <qex>sadness</qex> did not spare
That time celestial visages.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Sorrow; heaviness; dejection. See
<er>Grief</er>.</syn>
<hw>\'d8Sadr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A plant of the genus <spn>Ziziphus</spn> (<spn>Z.
lotus</spn>); -- so called by the Arabs of Barbary, who use its
berries for food. See <er>Lotus</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Saeng"er*fest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>s\'84ngerfest</ets>.]</ety> <def>A festival of singers; a
German singing festival.</def>
<-- p. 1267 -->
<hw>Safe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Safer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Safest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sauf</ets>, F. <ets>sauf</ets>, fr. L. <ets>salvus</ets>,
akin to <ets>salus health</ets>, <ets>welfare</ets>,
<ets>safety</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Salute</er>,
<er>Salvation</er>, <er>Sage</er> a plant, <er>Save</er>,
<er>Salvo</er> an exception.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Free from
harm, injury, or risk; untouched or unthreatened by danger or
injury; unharmed; unhurt; secure; whole; <as>as, <ex>safe</ex>
from disease; <ex>safe</ex> from storms; <ex>safe</ex> from
foes</as>.</def> \'bdAnd ye dwelled <xex>safe</xex>.\'b8
<au>1 Sam. xii. 11.</au>
<q>They escaped all <qex>safe</qex> all <qex>safe</qex> to
land.</q>
<qau>Acts xxvii. 44.</qau>
<q>Established in a <qex>safe</qex>, unenvied throne.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conferring safety; securing from harm; not
exposing to danger; confining securely; to be relied upon; not
dangerous; <as>as, a <ex>safe</ex> harbor; a <ex>safe</ex>
bridge, etc</as>.</def> \'bdThe man of <xex>safe</xex>
discretion.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The King of heaven hath doomed
This place our dungeon, not our <qex>safe</qex> retreat.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Incapable of doing harm; no longer dangerous; in
secure care or custody; <as>as, the prisoner is
<ex>safe</ex></as>.</def>
<q>But Banquo's <qex>safe</qex>?
Ay, my good lord, <qex>safe</qex> in a ditch he bides.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>Safe hit</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>a hit which
enables the batter to get to first base even if no error is made
by the other side.</cd></cs><-- safe house, a residence where a
person in hiding from the authorities or other persons may stay
without being discovered. -->
<syn>Syn. -- Secure; unendangered; sure.</syn>
<hw>Safe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place for
keeping things in safety.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
strong and fireproof receptacle (as a movable chest of steel,
etc., or a closet or vault of brickwork) for money, valuable
papers, or the like.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A ventilated or
refrigerated chest or closet for securing provisions from noxious
animals or insects.</def>
<hw>Safe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To render safe; to make
right.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Safe"-con"duct</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Safe</ets> + <ets>conduct</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sauf</ets>-conduit.]</ety> <def>That which gives a safe,
passage</def>; either <sd>(a)</sd> <def>a convoy or guard to
protect a person in an enemy's country or a foreign
country</def>, or <sd>(b)</sd> <def>a writing, pass, or warrant
of security, given to a person to enable him to travel with
safety</def>.
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Safe`-con*duct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
conduct safely; to give safe-conduct to.</def>
<mark>[POetic]</mark>
<q>He him by all the bonds of love besought
To <qex>safe-conduct</qex> his love.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Safe"quard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Safe =
<ets>quard</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sauvegarde</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, defends or protects;
defense; protection.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Thy sword, the <qex>safequard</qex> of thy brother's
throne.</q>
<qau>Granwille.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A convoy or quard to protect a traveler or
property.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pass; a passport; a safe-conduct.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Safe"quard`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To quard; to
protect.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Safe"-keep"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Safe</ets> + <ets>keep</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
keeping or preserving in safety from injury or from escape; care;
custody.</def>
<hw>Safe"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a safe manner; danger,
injury, loss, or evil consequences.</def>
<hw>Safe"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being safe; freedom from hazard, danger, harm, or loss; safety;
security; as the <xex>safeness</xex> of an experiment, of a
journey, or of a possession.</def>
<hw>Safe"-pledge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A surety for the appearance of a person at
a given time.</def>
<au>Bracton.</au>
<hw>Safe"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sauvet\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition or
state of being safe; freedom from danger or hazard; exemption
from hurt, injury, or loss.</def>
<q>Up led by thee,
Into the heaven I have presumed,
An earthly guest . . . With like <qex>safety</qex> guided down,
Return me to my native element.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Freedom from whatever exposes one to danger or
from libility to cause danger or harm; safeness; hence, the
quality of making safe or secure, or of giving confidence,
justifying trust, insuring against harm or loss, etc.</def>
<q>Would there were any <qex>safety</qex> in thy sex,
That I might put a thousand sorrows off.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Preservation from escape; close custody.</def>
<q>Imprison him, . . .
Deliver him to <qex>safety</qex>; and return.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Football)</fld> <def>Same as <xex>Safety
touchdown</xex>, below.</def>
<cs><col>Safety arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a discharging
arch.</cd> See under <er>Discharge</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> --
<col>Safety belt</col>, <cd>a belt made of some buoyant material,
or which is capable of being inflated, so as to enable a person
to float in water; a life preserver.</cd> -- <col>Safety
buoy</col>, <cd>a buoy to enable a person to float in water; a
safety belt.</cd> -- <col>Safety cage</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>,
<cd>a cage for an elevator or mine lift, having appliances to
prevent it from dropping if the lifting rope should break.</cd>
-- <col>Safety lamp</col>. <fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Lamp</er>.</cd> -- <col>Safety match</col>, <cd>a match which
can be ignited only on a surface specially prepared for the
purpose.</cd> -- <col>Safety pin</col>, <cd>a pin made in the
form of a clasp, with a guard covering its point so that it will
not prick the wearer.</cd> -- <col>safety plug</col>. <cd>See
<cref>Fusible plug</cref>, under <er>Fusible</er>.</cd> --
<col>Safety switch</col>. <cd>See <er>Switch</er>.</cd> --
<col>Safety touchdown</col> <fld>(Football)</fld>, <cd>the act or
result of a player's touching to the ground behind his own goal
line a ball which received its last impulse from a man on his own
side; -- distinguished from <xex>touchback<xex>. See
<er>Touchdown</er>.</cd><-- also called safety. --> --
<col>Safety tube</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a tube to prevent
explosion, or to control delivery of gases by an automatic
valvular connection with the outer air; especially, a bent funnel
tube with bulbs for adding those reagents which produce
unpleasant fumes or violent effervescence.</cd> -- <col>Safety
valve</col>, <cd>a valve which is held shut by a spring or weight
and opens automatically to permit the escape of steam, or
confined gas, water, etc., from a boiler, or other vessel, when
the pressure becomes too great for safety; also, sometimes, a
similar valve opening inward to admit air to a vessel in which
the pressure is less than that of the atmosphere, to prevent
collapse.</cd></cs>
<hw>Saf"flow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The safflower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Saf"flow`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>safeur</ets>, <ets>safior</ets>, for <ets>safran</ets>,
influenced by <ets>fleur</ets> flower. See <er>Saffron</er>, and
<er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An
annual composite plant (<spn>Carthamus tinctorius</spn>), the
flowers of which are used as a dyestuff and in making rouge;
bastard, or false, saffron.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The died flowers of the <xex>Carthamus
tinctorius</xex>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A dyestuff from these flowers. See
<er>Safranin</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>
<cs><col>Oil of safflower</col>, <cd>a purgative oil expressed
from the seeds of the safflower.</cd></cs>
<hw>Saf"fron</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>saffran</ets>, F. <ets>safran</ets>; cf. It.
<ets>zafferano</ets>, Sp. <ets>azafran</ets>, Pg.
<ets>a<cced/afr<atil/o</ets>; all fr. Ar. & Per. <ets>za'
far\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
bulbous iridaceous plant (<spn>Crocus sativus</spn>) having blue
flowers with large yellow stigmas. See <er>Crocus</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The aromatic, pungent, dried stigmas, usually
with part of the stile, of the <spn>Crocus sativus</spn>. Saffron
is used in cookery, and in coloring confectionery, liquors,
varnishes, etc., and was formerly much used in medicine.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An orange or deep yellow color, like that of the
stigmas of the <spn>Crocus sativus</spn>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Bastard saffron</col>, <col>Dyer's
saffron</col></mcol>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Safflower</er>.</cd> -- <col>Meadow saffron</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a bulbous plant (<spn>Colchichum
autumnate</spn>) of Europe, resembling saffron.</cd> --
<col>Saffron wood</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the yellowish wood
of a South African tree <fld>(El\'91odendron croceum)</fld>;
also, the tree itself.</cd> -- <col>Saffron yellow</col>, <cd>a
shade of yellow like that obtained from the stigmas of the true
saffron (<spn>Crocus sativus</spn>).</cd></cs>
<hw>Saf"fron</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the color of the stigmas of saffron flowers; deep orange-yellow;
<as>as, a <ex>saffron</ex> face; a <ex>saffron</ex>
streamer</as>.</def>
<hw>Saf"fron</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give color and flavor
to, as by means of saffron; to spice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>And in Latyn I speak a wordes few,
To <qex>saffron</qex> with my predication.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Saf"fron*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
color somewhat like saffron; yellowish.</def>
<au>Lord (1630).</au>
<hw>Saf"ra*nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An orange-red dyestuff
extracted from the saffron.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A red dyestuff extracted from the safflower, and formerly
used in dyeing wool, silk, and cotton pink and scarlet; -- called
also <altname>Spanish red</altname>, <altname>China
lake</altname>, and <altname>carthamin</altname>.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>An orange-red dyestuff prepared from certain
nitro compounds of creosol, and used as a substitute for the
safflower dye.</def>
<hw>Saf"ra*nine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So
called because used as a substitute for safranin.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An orange-red nitrogenous dyestuff
produced artificailly by oxidizing certain aniline derivatives,
and used in dyeing silk and wool; also, any one of the series of
which safranine proper is the type.</def>
<hw>Sag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.
& p. p.</pos> <er>Sagged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sagging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin
to Sw. <ets>sacka</ets> to settle, sink down,
LG.<ets>sacken</ets>, D. <ets>zakken</ets>. Cf. <er>Sink</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sink, in the middle,
by its weight or under applied pressure, below a horizontal line
or plane; <as>as, a line or cable supported by its ends
<ex>sags</ex>, though tightly drawn; the floor of a room
<ex>sags</ex></as>; hence, to lean, give way, or settle from a
vertical position; <as>as, a building may <ex>sag</ex> one way or
another; a door <ex>sags</ex> on its hinges</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To lose firmness or elasticity; to sink;
to droop; to flag; to bend; to yield, as the mind or spirits,
under the pressure of care, trouble, doubt, or the like; to be
unsettled or unbalanced.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>the mind I sway by, and the heart I bear,
Shall never <qex>sag</qex> with doubt nor shake with fear.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To loiter in walking; to idle along; to drag or
droop heavily.</def>
<cs><col>To sag to leeward</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to make
much leeway by reason of the wind, sea, or current; to drift to
leeward; -- said of a vessel.</cd></cs>
<au>Totten.</au>
<hw>Sag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to bend or give way;
to load.</def>
<hw>Sag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of sinking or bending;
sagging.</def>
<hw>Sa"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sagas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Icel., akin to E.
<ets>saw</ets> a saying. See <er>Say</er>, and cf.
<er>Saw</er>.]</ety> <def>A Scandinavian legend, or heroic or
mythic tradition, among the Norsemen and kindred people; a
northern European popular historical or religious tale of olden
time.</def>
<q>And then the blue-eyed Norseman told
A <qex>saga</qex> of the days of old.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>Sa*ga"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sagax</ets>, <ets>sagacis</ets>, akin to <ets>sagire</ets>
to perceive quickly or keenly, and probably to E.
<ets>seek</ets>. See <er>Seek</er>, and cf.
<er>Presage</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of quick sense
perceptions; keen-scented; skilled in following a trail.</def>
<q><qex>Sagacious</qex> of his quarry from so far.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, of quick intellectual perceptions; of
keen penetration and judgment; discerning and judicious; knowing;
far-sighted; shrewd; sage; wise; <as>as, a <ex>sagacious</ex>
man; a <ex>sagacious</ex> remark</as>.</def>
<q>Instinct . . . makes them, many times, <qex>sagacious</qex>
above our apprehension.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>
<q>Only <qex>sagacious</qex> heads light on these observations,
and reduce them into general propositions.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Shrewd</er>.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sa*ga"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sa-ga"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sa*gac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sagacitas</ets>. See <er>Sagacious</er>.]</ety> <def>The
quality of being sagacious; quickness or acuteness of sense
perceptions; keenness of discernment or penetration with
soundness of judgment; shrewdness.</def>
<q>Some [brutes] show that nice <qex>sagacity</qex> of smell.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<q>Natural <qex>sagacity</qex> improved by generous
education.</q>
<qau>V. Knox.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Penetration; shrewdness; judiciousness.</syn>
<usage> -- <er>Sagacity</er>, <er>Penetration</er>.
<xex>Penetration</xex> enables us to enter into the depths of an
abstruse subject, to detect motives, plans, etc.
<xex>Sagacity</xex> adds to penetration a keen, practical
judgment, which enables one to guard against the designs of
others, and to turn everything to the best possible
advantage.</usage>
<hw>Sag"a*more</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<ety>[Cf. <er>Sachem</er>.]</ety> <def>The head of a tribe among
the American Indians; a chief; -- generally used as synonymous
with <xex>sachem</xex>, but some writters distinguished between
them, making the <xex>sachem</xex> a chief of the first rank, and
a <xex>sagamore</xex> one of the second rank.</def> \'bdBe it
<xex>sagamore</xex>, sachem, or powwow.\'b8
<au>Longfellow.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A juice used in medicine.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>Sag"a*pen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sagapenum.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sag`a*pe"num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sagapenon</ets>, <ets>sacopenium</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>sagapin</ets>, gomme <ets>sagapin</ets>, sagap\'82num, Ar.
<ets>sikb\'c6naj</ets>, Per. <ets>sakb\'c6nah</ets>,
<ets>sikb\'c6nah</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fetid gum
resin obtained from a species of <spn>Ferula</spn>. It has been
used in hysteria, etc., but is now seldom met with.</def>
<au>U. S. Disp.</au>
<hw>Sag"*thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sagatis</ets>: cf. Sp. <ets>sagat\'a1</ets>,
<ets>saet\'a1</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mixed woven fabric of silk and
cotton; or silk and wool; sayette; also, a light woolen
fabric.</def>
<hw>Sage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sauge</ets>, F. <ets>sauge</ets>, L. <ets>salvia</ets>, from
<ets>salvus</ets> saved, in allusion to its reputed healing
virtues. See <er>Safe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A suffriticose labiate plant (<spn>Salvia officinalis</spn>)
with grayish green foliage, much used in flavoring meats, etc.
The name is often extended to the whole genus, of which many
species are cultivated for ornament, as the scarlet sage, and
Mexican red and blue sage.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
sagebrush.</def>
<cs><col>Meadow sage</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a blue-flowered
species of salvia (<spn>S. pratensis</spn>) growing in meadows in
Europe.</cd> -- <col>Sage cheese</col>, <cd>cheese flavored with
sage, and colored green by the juice of leaves of spanish and
other plants which are added to the milk.</cd> -- <col>Sage
cock</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the male of the sage
grouse; in a more general sense, the specific name of the sage
grouse.</cd> -- <col>Sage green</col>, <cd>of a dull grayish
green color, like the leaves of garden sage.</cd> -- <col>Sage
grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large American
grouse (<spn>Centrocercus urophasianus</spn>), native of the dry
sagebrush plains of Western North America. Called also
<altname>cock of the plains</altname>. The male is called
<stype>sage cock</stype>, and the female <stype>sage
hen</stype>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sage hare</col>, <or/ <col>Sage
rabbit</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of hare
(<spn>Lepus Nuttalli, <or/ artemisia</spn>) which inhabits the
regions of Western North America and lives among sagebrush. By
recent writers it is considered to be merely a variety of the
common cottontail, or wood rabbit.</cd> -- <col>Sage hen</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, the female of the sage grouse. <col>Sage
sparrow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small sparrow
(<spn>Amphispiza Belli</spn>, var <spn>Nevadensis</spn>) which
inhabits the dry plains of the Rocky Mountain region, living
among sagebrush.</cd> -- <col>Sage thrasher</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a singing bird (<spn>Oroscoptes
montanus</spn>) which inhabits the sagebrush plains of Western
North America.</cd> -- <col>Sage willow</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a species of willow (<spn>Salix tristis</spn>) forming a low
bush with nearly sessile grayish green leaves.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sager</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sagest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>sapius</ets> (only in nesapius unwise, foolish), fr.
<ets>sapere</ets> to be wise; perhaps akin to E. <ets>sap</ets>.
Cf. <er>Savor</er>, <er>Sapient</er>, <er>Insipid</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having nice discernment and powers of judging;
prudent; grave; sagacious.</def>
<q>All you <qex>sage</qex> counselors, hence!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Proceeding from wisdom; well judged; shrewd;
well adapted to the purpose.</def>
<q>Commanders, who, cloaking their fear under show of
<qex>sage</qex> advice, counseled the general to retreat.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Grave; serious; solemn.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bd[Great bards.] in <xex>sage</xex> and solemn tunes have
sung.\'b8 <rj><au>Milton.</au></rj>
<-- the "great bards" was moved inside the quote for consistency.
-->
<syn>Syn. -- Wise; sagacious; sapient; grave; prudent;
judicious.</syn>
<hw>Sage</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wise man; a man of gravity
and wisdom; especially, a man venerable for years, and of sound
judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher.</def>
<q>At his birth a star,
Unseen before in heaven, proclaims him come,
And guides the Eastern <qex>sages</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sage"brush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A low
irregular shrub (<spn>Artemisia tridentata</spn>), of the order
<spn>Composit\'91</spn>, covering vast tracts of the dry alkaline
regions of the American plains; -- called also
<altname>sagebush</altname>, and <altname>wild
sage</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sage"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sage manner;
wisely.</def>
<hw>Sa*gene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.
<ets>sajene</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Russian measure of length equal
to about seven English feet.</def>
<hw>Sage"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being sage; wisdom; sagacity; prudence;
gravity.</def>
<au>Ascham.</au>
<hw>Sag"e*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sag\'82nite</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sagena</ets> a large net. See
<er>Saine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Acicular rutile
occurring in reticulated forms imbedded in quartz.</def>
<hw>Sag`e*nit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Resembling sagenite; -- applied to quartz
when containing acicular crystals of other minerals, most
commonly rutile, also tourmaline, actinolite, and the like.</def>
<hw>Sag"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Segger</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pot or case of fire
clay, in which fine stoneware is inclosed while baking in the
kiln; a segga.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The clay of which such pots or cases are
made.</def>
<hw>Sag"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bending or
sinking between the ends of a thing, in consequence of its own,
or an imposed, weight; an arching downward in the middle, as of a
ship after straining. Cf. <er>Hogging</er>.</def>
<hw>Sag"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saginatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>saginare</ets> to fat, fr.
<ets>sagina</ets> stuffing.]</ety> <def>To make fat; to
pamper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdMany a <xex>saginated</xex>
boar.\'b8
<au>Cowper.</au>
<hw>Sag`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saginatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of fettening or
pampering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Topsell.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sa*git"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., an
arrow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A small
constellation north of Aquila; the Arrow.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The keystone of an
arch.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>gwitt.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The distance from a point in
a curve to the chord; also, the versed sine of an arc; -- so
called from its resemblance to an arrow resting on the bow and
string.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The larger of the two
otoliths, or ear bones, found in most fishes.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of transparent,
free-swimming marine worms having lateral and caudal fins, and
capable of swimming rapidly. It is the type of the class
Ch\'91tognatha.</def>
<-- p. 1268 -->
<hw>Sag"it*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sagitta</ets> an arrow: cf. F. <ets>saguttal</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to an arrow; resembling an
arrow; furnished with an arowlike appendage.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining
to the sagittal suture; in the region of the sagittal suture;
rabdoidal; <as>as, the <ex>sagittal</ex> furrow, or groove, on
the inner surface of the roof of the skull</as>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In the mesial plane; <as>as, a
<ex>sagittal</ex> section of an animal</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sagittal suture</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the suture
between the two parietal bones in the top of the skull; -- called
also <altname>rabdoidal suture</altname>, and
<altname>interparietal suture</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Sag`it*ta"ri*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L., literally, an archer, fr. <ets>sagittarius</ets>
belonging to an arrow, fr. <ets>sagitta</ets> an arrow.]</ety>
<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The ninth of the twelve
signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about November 22,
marked thus [<sagittarius/] in almanacs; the Archer.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A zodiacal constellation, represented on maps
and globes as a centaur shooting an arrow.</def>
<hw>Sag"it*ta"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sagittarius</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Myth.)</fld>
<def>A centaur; a fabulous being, half man, half horse, armed
with a bow and quiver.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The Arsenal in Venice; -- so called from having
a figure of an archer over the door.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sag"it*ta*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sagittarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling,
an arrow.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sag"it*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>sagittatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sagitta</ets> an arrow.]</ety>
<def>Shaped like an arrowhead; triangular, with the two basal
angles prolonged downward.</def>
<hw>Sag"it*ta`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sagittal;
sagittate.</def>
<hw>Sag"it*to*cyst</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sagitta</er>, and <er>Cyst</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A defensive cell containing a minute rodlike structure which
may be expelled. Such cells are found in certain
Turbellaria.</def>
<hw>Sa"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay.
<ets>s<amac/gu</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dry granulated starch
imported from the East Indies, much used for making puddings and
as an article of diet for the sick; also, as starch, for
stiffening textile fabrics. It is prepared from the stems of
several East Indian and Malayan palm trees, but chiefly from the
<spn>Metroxylon Sagu</spn>; also from several cycadaceous plants
(<spn>Cycas revoluta</spn>, <spn>Zamia integrifolia</spn>,
atc.).</def>
<cs><col>Portland sago</col>, <cd>a kind of sago prepared from
the corms of the cuckoopint (<spn>Arum maculatum</spn>).</cd> --
<col>Sago palm</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A palm
tree which yields sago</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A species of Cycas
(<spn>Cycas revoluta</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Sago spleen</col>
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a morbid condition of the spleen, produced
by amyloid degeneration of the organ, in which a cross section
shows scattered gray translucent bodies looking like grains of
sago.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sa*goin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sagouin</ets>(formed from the native South American
name).]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marmoset; -- called
also <altname>sagouin</altname>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa"gum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Saga</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>sagum</ets>,
<ets>sagus</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Say</er> a kind of
serge.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The military cloak of
the Roman soldiers.</def>
<hw>\'d8sa"gus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See
<er>Sago</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of palms
from which sago is obtained.</def>
<hw>Sa"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of sage;
seasoned with sage.</def>
<mhw><hw>\'d8Sa"hib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8sa"heb</hw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets><cced/\'behib</ets> master, lord, fem.
<cced/\'behibah.]</ety> <def>A respectful title or appelation
given to Europeans of rank.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sa"hi*bah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sahib</er>.]</ety> <def>A lady; mistress.</def>
<mark>[India]</mark>
<hw>Sa*hib"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Thebaic</er>.</def>
<hw>Sah"lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Salite</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa*hui"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marmoset.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa"i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Pg.
<ets>sahi</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Capuchin</er>, 3 <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sai"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dial.
G.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European mountain trout
(<spn>Salvelinus alpinus</spn>); -- called also <altname>Bavarian
charr</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sa"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sa\'8bque</ets>, turk. <ets>sha\'8bka</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A kind of ketch very common in the
Levant, which has neither topgallant sail nor mizzen
topsail.</def>
<hw>Said</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Say</er>.</def>
<hw>Said</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>before-mentioned; already
spoken of or specified; aforesaid; -- used chiefly in legal
style.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sai"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.
<ets>saika</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An antelope
(<spn>Saiga Tartarica</spn>) native of the plains of Siberia and
Eastern Russia. The male has erect annulated horns, and tufts of
long hair beneath the eyes and ears.</def>
<hw>Sai"kyr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Saker</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>seil</ets>, AS. <ets>segel</ets>, <ets>segl</ets>; akin to
D. <ets>zeil</ets>, OHG. <ets>segal</ets>, G. & Sw.
<ets>segel</ets>, Icel. <ets>segl</ets>, Dan. <ets>seil</ets>.
<root/ 153.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An extent of canvas or other
fabric by means of which the wind is made serviceable as a power
for propelling vessels through the water.</def>
<q>Behoves him now both <qex>sail</qex> and oar.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a
sail.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A wing; a van.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<q>Like an eagle soaring
To weather his broad <qex>sails</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser</qau>.
<sn>4.</sn> <def>the extended surface of the arm of a
windmill.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A sailing vessel; a vessel of any kind; a
craft.</def>
<note><hand/ In this sense, the plural has usually the same forms
as the singular; as, twenty <xex>sail</xex> were in sight.</note>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A passage by a sailing vessel; a journey or
excursion upon the water.</def>
<note><hand/ Sails are of two general kinds, <xex>fore-and-aft
sails</xex>, and <xex>square sails</xex>. Square sails are always
bent to yards, with their foot lying across the line of the
vessel. Fore-and-aft sails are set upon stays or gaffs with their
foot in line with the keel. A fore-and-aft sail is triangular, or
quadrilateral with the after leech longer than the fore leech.
Square sails are quardrilateral, but not necessarily square. See
Phrases under <er>Fore</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and <er>Square</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>; also, <er>Bark</er>, <er>Brig</er>,
<er>Schooner</er>, <er>Ship</er>, <er>Stay</er>.</note>
<cs><col>Sail burton</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a purchase for
hoisting sails aloft for bending.</cd> -- <col>Sail fluke</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the whiff.</cd> -- <col>Sail
hook</col>, <cd>a small hook used in making sails, to hold the
seams square.</cd> -- <col>Sail loft</col>, <cd>a loft or room
where sails are cut out and made.</cd> -- <col>Sail room</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a room in a vessel where sails are stowed
when not in use.</cd> -- <col>Sail yard</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>the yard or spar on which a sail is extended.</cd> --
<col>Shoulder-of-mutton sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a
triangular sail of peculiar form. It is chiefly used to set on a
boat's mast.</cd> -- <col>To crowd sail</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>Crowd</er>.</cd> -- <col>To loose sails</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to unfurl or spread sails.</cd> --
<col>To make sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to extend an
additional quantity of sail.</cd> -- <col>To set a sail</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to extend or spread a sail to the
wind.</cd> -- <col>To set sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to
unfurl or spread the sails; hence, to begin a voyage.</cd> --
<col>To shorten sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to reduce the
extent of sail, or take in a part.</cd> -- <col>To strike
sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lower the sails suddenly,
as in saluting, or in sudden gusts of wind; hence, to acknowledge
inferiority; to abate pretension.</cd> -- <col>Under sail</col>,
<cd>having the sails spread.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sailed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sailing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[AS. <ets>segelian</ets>, <ets>seglian</ets>. See
<er>Sail</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be
impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a
ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by the action of
steam or other power.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move through or on the water; to swim, as a
fish or a water fowl.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by
water; <as>as, they <ex>sailed</ex> from London to
Canton</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To set sail; to begin a voyage.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To move smoothly through the air; to glide
through the air without apparent exertion, as a bird.</def>
<q>As is a winged messenger of heaven, . . .
When he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds,
And <qex>sails</qex> upon the bosom of the air.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sail</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pass or move
upon, as in a ship, by means of sails; hence, to move or journey
upon(the water) by means of steam or other force.</def>
<q>A thousand ships were manned to <qex>sail</qex> the sea.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fly through; to glide or move smoothly
through.</def>
<q>Sublime she <qex>sails</qex>
The a\'89rial space, and mounts the winged gales.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To direct or manage the motion of, as a vessel;
<as>as, to <ex>sail</ex> one's own ship</as>.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<hw>Sail"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being sailed over; navigable; <as>as, a <ex>sailable</ex>
river</as>.</def>
<hw>Sail"boat`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boat propelled by a
sail or sails.</def>
<hw>Sail"cloth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Duck or
canvas used in making sails.</def>
<hw>Sail"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
sailor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ship or other vessel; -- with qualifying words
descriptive of speed or manner of sailing; <as>as, a heavy
<ex>sailer</ex>; a fast <ex>sailer</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sail"fish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The banner fish, or
spikefish (<spn>Histiophorus</spn>.)</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
basking, or liver, shark.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The
quillback.</def>
<-- Illust. of Sailfish (Histiophorus Americanus) -->
<hw>Sail"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of one who, or that which, sails; the motion of a
vessel on water, impelled by wind or steam; the act of starting
on a voyage.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The art of managing a vessel;
seamanship; navigation; <as>as, globular <ex>sailing</ex>;
oblique <ex>sailing</ex></as>.</def>
<note><hand/ For the several methods of sailing, see under
<er>Circular</er>, <er>Globular</er>, <er>Oblique</er>,
<er>Parallel</er>, etc.</note>
<cs><col>Sailing master</col> <fld>(U. S. Navy)<fld>,
<cd>formerly, a warrant officer, ranking next below a lieutenant,
whose duties were to navigate the vessel; and under the direction
of the executive officer, to attend to the stowage of the hold,
to the cables, rigging, etc. The grade was merged in that of
<xex>master<xex> in 1862.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sail"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of
sails.</def>
<au>Pollok.</au>
<hw>Sail"mak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose
occupation is to make or repair sails.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sail"mak`ing</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sail"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who follows
the business of navigating ships or other vessels; one who
understands the practical management of ships; one of the crew of
a vessel; a mariner; a common seaman.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Mariner; seaman; seafarer.</syn>
<cs><col>Sailor's choice</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An excellent marine food fish (<spn>Diplodus,
<or/ Lagodon, rhomboides</spn>) of the Southern United States; --
called also <altname>porgy</altname>, <altname>squirrel fish,
<altname>yellowtail</altname>, and <altname>salt-water
bream</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A species of grunt
(<spn>Orthopristis, <or/ Pomadasys, chrysopterus</spn>), an
excellent food fish, common on the southern coasts of the United
States; -- called also <altname>hogfish</altname>, and
<altname>pigfish</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sail"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a
sail.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Saim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>sain</ets>, LL. <ets>saginum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sagina</ets>
a fattening.]</ety> <def>Lard; grease.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sai*mir"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The squirrel monkey.</def>
<hw>Sain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>p. p.</pos>
<mord>of <er>Say</er>, for <xex>sayen</xex></mord>.
<def>Said.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sain</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <ets>Saint</ets>,
<ets>Sane</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sanctify; to bless so as to
protect from evil influence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Sain"foin</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>sain</ets> wholesome (L. <ets>sanus</ets>; see
<er>Sane</er>.) + <ets>foin</ets> hay (L. <ets>f\'91num</ets>);
or perh. fr. <ets>saint</ets> sacred (L. <ets>sanctus</ets>; see
<er>Saint</er>) + <ets>foin</ets> hay.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A leguminous plant (<spn>Onobrychis
sativa</spn>) cultivated for fodder.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>saintfoin</asp>.]</altsp> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of tick
trefoil (<spn>Desmodium Canadense</spn>).</def>
<mark>[Canada]</mark>
<hw>Saint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>santcus</ets> sacred, properly p.p. of <ets>sancire</ets> to
render sacred by a religious act, to appoint as sacred; akin to
<ets>sacer</ets> sacred. Cf. <er>Sacred</er>, <er>Sanctity</er>,
<er>Sanctum</er>, <er>Sanctus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety
and virtue; any true Christian, as being redeemed and consecrated
to God.</def>
<q>Them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be
<qex>saints</qex>.</q>
<qau>1 Cor. i. 2.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the blessed in heaven.</def>
<q>Then shall thy <qex>saints</qex>, unmixed, and from the impure
Far separate, circling thy holy mount,
Unfeigned hallelujahs to thee sing.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One canonized by the
church.</def> <altsp>[Abbrev. <abbr>St.</abbr>]</altsp>
<cs><col>Saint Andrew's cross</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A cross
shaped like the letter X</cd>. See <xex>Illust<xex>. 4, under
<er>Cross</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A low North
American shrub (<spn>Ascyrum Crux-Andr\'91</spn>, the petals of
which have the form of a Saint Andrew's cross.</cd>
<au>Gray.</au> -- <col>Saint Anthony's cross</col>, a
<universbold>T</universbold><cd>-shaped cross. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. 6, under <er>Cross</er>.</cd> -- <col>Saint
Anthony's fire</col>, <cd>the erysipelas; -- popularly so called
because it was supposed to have been cured by the intercession of
Saint Anthony.</cd> -- <col>Saint Anthony's nut</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the groundnut (<spn>Bunium
flexuosum</spn>); -- so called because swine feed on it, and St.
Anthony was once a swineherd.</cd> <au>Dr. Prior.</au> --
<col>Saint Anthony's turnip</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the
bulbous crowfoot, a favorite food of swine.</cd> <au>Dr.
Prior.</au> -- <col>Saint Barnaby's thistle</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of knapeweed (<spn>Centaurea
solstitialis</spn>) flowering on St. Barnabas's Day, June
11th.</cd> <au>Dr. Prior.</au> -- <col>Saint Bernard</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a breed of large, handsome dogs
celebrated for strength and sagacity, formerly bred chiefly at
the Hospice of St. Bernard in Switzerland, but now common in
Europe and America. There are two races, the smooth-haired and
the rough-haired. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Dog</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Saint Catharine's flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the
plant love-a-mist. See under <er>Love</er>.</cd> -- <col>Saint
Cuthbert's beads</col> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>, <cd>the fossil
joints of crinoid stems.</cd> -- <col>Saint Dabeoc's heath</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a heatherlike plant (<spn>Dab\'91cia
polifolia</spn>), named from an Irish saint.</cd> -- <col>Saint
Distaff's Day</col>. <cd>See under <er>Distaff</er>.</cd> --
<col>Saint Elmo's fire</col>, <cd>a luminious, flamelike
appearance, sometimes seen in dark, tempestuous nights, at some
prominent point on a ship, particularly at the masthead and the
yardams. It has also been observed on land, and is due to the
discharge of electricity from elevated or pointed objects. A
single flame is called a <xex>Helena</xex>, or a
<xex>Corposant</xex>; a double, or twin, flame is called a
<xex>Castor and Pollux</xex>, or a <xex>double Corposant</xex>.
It takes its name from St. Elmo, the patron saint of
sailors.</cd> -- <col>Saint George's cross</col>
<fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a Greek cross gules upon a field argent,
the field being represented by a narrow fimbriation in the
ensign, or union jack, of Great Britain.</cd> -- <col>Saint
George's ensign</col>, <cd>a red cross on a white field with a
union jack in the upper corner next the mast. It is the
distinguishing badge of ships of the royal navy of England; --
called also <altname>the white ensign</altname>.</cd> <au>Brande
& C.</au> -- <col>Saint George's flag</col>, <cd>a smaller flag
resembling the ensign, but without the union jack; used as the
sign of the presence and command of an admiral.
<mark>[Eng.]</mark> <au>Brande & C.</cd></au> -- <col>Saint
Gobain glass</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a fine variety of
soda-lime plate glass, so called from St.Gobain in France, where
it was manufactured.</cd> -- <col>Saint Ignatius's bean</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the seed of a tree of the Philippines
(<spn>Strychnos Ignatia</spn>), of properties similar to the nux
vomica.</cd> -- <col>Saint Jame's shell</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a pecten (<spn>Vola Jacob\'91us</spn>)
worn by piligrims to the Holy Land. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Scallop</er>.</cd> -- <col>Saint Jame's wort</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of ragwort (<spn>Senecio
Jacob\'91a</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Saint John's bread</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Carob</er>.</cd> -- <col>Saint
John's-wort</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant of the genus
<spn>Hypericum</spn>, most species of which have yellow flowers;
-- called also <altname>John's-wort</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Saint
Leger</col>, <cd>the name of a race for three-year-old horses run
annually in September at Doncaster, England; -- instituted in
1776 by Col. St. Leger.</cd> -- <col>Saint Martin's herb</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small tropical American violaceous plant
(<spn>Sauvagesia erecta</spn>). It is very mucilaginous and is
used in medicine.</cd> <-- p. 1269 --> -- <col>Saint Martin's
summer</col>, <cd>a season of mild, damp weather frequently
prevailing during late autumn in England and the Mediterranean
countries; -- so called from St. Martin's Festival, occuring on
November 11. It corresponds to the Indian summer in America.
<au>Shak. Whitier.</cd></au> -- <col>Saint Patrick's
cross</col>. <cd>See <xex>Illust</xex> 4, under
<er>Cross</er>.</cd> -- <col>Saint Patrick's Day</col>, <cd>the
17th of March, anniversary of the death (about 466) of St.
Patrick, the apostle and patron saint of Ireland.</cd> --
<col>Saint Peter's fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>John Dory</cref>, under <er>John</er>.</cd> -- <col>Saint
Peter's-wort</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name of several
plants, as <spn>Hypericum Ascyron</spn>, <spn>H.
quadrangulum</spn>, <spn>Ascyrum stans</spn>, etc.</cd> --
<col>Saint Peter's wreath</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a shrubby
kind of Spir\'91a (<spn>S. hypericifolia</spn>), having long
slender branches covered with clusters of small white blossoms in
spring.</cd> -- <col>Saint's bell</col>. <cd>See <cref>Sanctus
bell</cref>, under <er>Sanctus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Saint Vitus's
dance</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>chorea; -- so called from the
supposed cures wrought on intercession to this saint.</cd></cs>
<hw>Saint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sainted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Sainting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a
saint of; to enroll among the saints by an offical act, as of the
pope; to canonize; to give the title or reputation of a saint to
(some one).</def>
<q>A large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been
beatified, though never <qex>sainted</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<cs><col>To saint it</col>, <cd>to act as a saint, or with a show
of piety.</cd></cs>
<q>Whether the charmer sinner it or <qex>saint it</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Saint</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act or live as a
saint.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Saint"dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or
character of a saint.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Saint"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consecrated;
sacred; holy; pious.</def> \'bdA most <xex>sainted</xex>
king.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Amongst the enthroned gods on <qex>sainted</qex> seats.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Entered into heaven; -- a euphemism for
<xex>dead</xex>.</def>
<hw>Saint"ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female saint.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Fisher.</au>
<hw>Saint"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The state of being a saint; the condition of a saint.</def>
<au>Walpole.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The order, or united body, of saints; saints,
considered collectively.</def>
<q>It was supposed he felt no call to anu expedition that might
<?/ndanger the reign of the military <qex>sainthood</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Saint"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat saintlike; --
used ironically.</def>
<hw>Saint"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The character
or quality of saints; also, hypocritical pretense of
holiness.</def>
<au>Wood.</au>
<hw>Saint"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling
a saint; suiting a saint; becoming a saint; saintly.</def>
<q>Glossed over only with a <qex>saintlike</qex> show.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Saint"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality
of being saintly.</def>
<hw>Saint"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Saintlier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Saintliest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Like a saint; becoming a
holy person.</def>
<q>So dear to Heaven is <qex>saintly</qex> chastity.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Saint*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Saint</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets> +
<ets>-ist</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who writes
the lives of saints.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Saint"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The character or
qualities of a saint.</def>
<hw>Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
follower of the Count de <xex>St. Simon</xex>, who died in 1825,
and who maintained that the principle of property held in common,
and the just division of the fruits of common labor among the
members of society, are the true remedy for the social evils
which exist.</def>
<au>Brande & C.</au>
<hw>Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The principles, doctrines, or practice of the
Saint-Simonians; -- called also
<altname>Saint-Simonism</altname>.</def>
<hw>Saith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>3d pers. sing. pres.</pos>
of <er>Say</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<hw>Saithe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.
<ets>saoidheam</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
pollock, or coalfish; -- called also
<altname>sillock</altname>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sai"va</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.
<ets><cced/aiva</ets> devoted to <ets>Siva</ets>.]</ety> <def>One
of an important religious sect in India which regards Siva with
peculiar veneration.</def>
<hw>Sai"vism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The worship of
Siva.</def>
<hw>Sa*jene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sagene</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa"jou</hw> <pr>(?; F. <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Sapajou</er>.</def>
<hw>Sake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sake</ets> cause, also, lawsuit, fault, AS. <ets>sacu</ets>
strife, a cause or suit at law; akin to D. <ets>zaak</ets> cause,
thing, affair, G. <ets>sache</ets> thing, cause in law, OHG.
<ets>sahha</ets>, Icel. <ets>s\'94k</ets>, Sw. <ets>sak</ets>,
Dan. <ets>sag</ets>, Goth. <ets>sakj<?/</ets> strife, AS.
<ets>sacan</ets> to contend, strive, Goth. <ets>sakan</ets>,
Icel. <ets>saka</ets> to contend, strive, blame, OHG.
<ets>sahhan</ets>, MHG. <ets>sachen</ets>, to contend, strive,
defend one's right, accuse, charge in a lawsuit, and also to E.
<ets>seek</ets>. Cf. <er>Seek</er>.]</ety> <def>Final cause; end;
purpose of obtaining; cause; motive; reason; interest; concern;
account; regard or respect; -- used chiefly in such phrases as,
<xex>for the sake</xex>, <xex>for his sake</xex>, <xex>for man's
sake</xex>, <xex>for mercy's sake</xex>, and the like; <as>as, to
commit crime for the <ex>sake</ex> of gain; to go abroad for the
<ex>sake</ex> of one's health</as>.</def>
<q>Moved with wrath and shame and ladies; <qex>sake</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>I will not again curse the ground any more for man's
<qex>sake</qex>.</q>
<qau>Gen. viii. 21.</qau>
<q>Will he draw out,
For anger's <qex>sake</qex>, finite to infinite?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Knowledge is for the <qex>sake</qex> of man, and not man for
the <qex>sake</qex> of knowledge.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<note><hand/ The <xex>-s</xex> of the possessive case preceding
<xex>sake</xex> is sometimes omitted for euphony; as, for
goodness <xex>sake</xex>. \'bd<xex>For conscience sake</xex>.\'b8
<au>1 Cor. x. 28.</au> The plural <xex>sakes</xex> is often used
with a possessive plural. \'bdFor both our <xex>sakes</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au></note>
<hw>Sa"ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sacre</ets> (cf. It. <ets>sagro</ets>, Sp. & Pg.
<ets>sacre</ets>), either fr. L. <ets>sacer</ets> sacred, holy,
as a translation of Gr. <?/ falcon, from <?/ holy, or more
probably from Ar. <ets><?/agr</ets> hawk.]</ety> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>sacar</asp>, <asp>sacre</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A falcon (<spn>Falco
sacer</spn>) native of Southern Europe and Asia, closely
resembling the lanner.</def>
<note><hand/ The female is called <xex>chargh</xex>, and the male
<xex>charghela</xex>, or <xex>sakeret</xex>.</note>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The peregrine falcon</def>. <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small piece of
artillery.</def>
<au>Wilhelm.</au>
<q>On the bastions were planted culverins and
<qex>sakers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<q>The culverins and <qex>sakers</qex> showing their deadly
muzzles over the rampart.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<hw>Sa"ker*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sacret</ets>. See <er>Saker</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male of the saker
<sd>(a)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Sa"ki</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. & Pg.
<ets>saki</ets>; probably from the native name.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of South
American monkeys of the genus <spn>Pithecia</spn>. They have
large ears, and a long hairy tail which is not prehensile.</def>
<note><hand/ The black saki (<spn>Pithecia satanas</spn>), the
white-headed (<spn>P.leucocephala</spn>), and the red-backed, or
hand-drinking, saki (<spn>P.chiropotes</spn>), are among the
best-known.</note>
<hw>Sa"ki</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The alcoholic
drink of Japan. It is made from rice.</def><-- usu. spelt
<asp>sake</asp> -->
<hw>Sak"ti</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.]</ety>
<fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>The divine energy, personified as
the wife of a deity (Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, etc.); the female
principle.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sal</hw> <pr>(s<add/l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.
<ets>s\'bel</ets>, Skr. <ets><cced/\'bela</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An East Indian timber tree (<spn>Shorea
robusta</spn>), much used for building purposes. It is of a light
brown color, close-grained, and durable.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>saul</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sal</hw> <pr>(s<acr/l)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See
<er>Salt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem. & Pharm.)</fld>
<def>Salt.</def>
<cs><col>Sal absinthii</col> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old
Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an impure potassium carbonate obtained from the
ashes of wormwood (<spn>Artemisia Absinthium</spn>).</cd> --
<col>Sal acetosell\'91</col> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old
Chem.)</fld>, <cd>salt of sorrel.</cd> -- <col>Sal
alembroth</col>. <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Alembroth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sal ammoniac</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>ammonium chloride,
<chform>NH4Cl</chform>, a white crystalline volatile substance
having a sharp salty taste, obtained from gas works, from
nitrogenous matter, etc. It is largely employed as a source of
ammonia, as a reagent, and as an expectorant in bronchitis. So
called because originally made from the soot from camel's dung at
the temple of Jupiter <xex>Ammon<xex> in Africa. Called also
<altname>muriate of ammonia</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sal
catharticus</col> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old Med. Chem.)</fld>,
<cd>Epsom salts.</cd> -- <col>Sal culinarius</col>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>common salt, or
sodium chloride.</cd> -- <col>Sal Cyrenaicus</col>.
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Sal
ammoniac</cref> above.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sal de duobus</col>,
<col>Sal duplicatum</col></mcol> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old
Chem.)</fld>, <cd>potassium sulphate; -- so called because
erroneously supposed to be composed of two salts, one acid and
one alkaline.</cd> -- <col>Sal diureticus</col> <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<fld>(Old Med. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>potassium acetate.</cd> --
<col>Sal enixum</col> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>,
<cd>acid potassium sulphate.</cd> -- <col>Sal gemm\'91</col>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old Min.)</fld>, <cd>common salt occuring
native.</cd> -- <col>Sal Jovis</col> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old
Chem.)</fld>, <cd>salt tin, or stannic chloride; -- the
alchemical name of tin being <xex>Jove<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Sal
Martis</col> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>green
vitriol, or ferrous sulphate; -- the alchemical name of iron
being.</cd> <au>Mars.</au> -- <col>Sal microcosmicum</col>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Microcosmic
salt</cref>, under <er>Microcosmic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sal
plumbi</col> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sugar
of lead.</cd> -- <col>Sal prunella</col>. <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>
<cd>See <cref>Prunella salt</cref>, under 1st
<er>Prunella</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sal Saturni</col>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sugar of lead, or
lead acetate; -- the alchemical name of lead being
<xex>Saturn</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Sal sedativus</col>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sedative salt, or
boric acid.</cd> -- <col>Sal Seignette</col> <ety>[F.
<ets>seignette</ets>, <ets>sel de seignette</ets>]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>Rochelle salt.</cd> -- <col>Sal
soda</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sodium carbonate. See under
<er>Sodium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sal vitrioli</col> <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>white vitriol; zinc sulphate.</cd> --
<col>Sal volatile</col>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Sal ammoniac</cref>, above.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Spirits of ammonia.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Sa*laam"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Salam</er>.</def>
<q>Finally, Josiah might have made his <qex>salaam</qex> to the
exciseman just as he was folding up that letter.</q>
<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>
<hw>Sa*laam"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make or perform a
salam.</def>
<q>I have <qex>salaamed</qex> and kowtowed to him.</q>
<qau>H. James.</qau>
<hw>Sal`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or condition of being salable; salableness.</def>
<au>Duke of Argyll.</au>
<hw>Sal"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Sale</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being sold; fit to be sold;
finding a ready market.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sal"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Sal"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sa*la"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, fond of leaping, lustful, fr.
<ets>salire</ets> to leap. See <er>Salient</er>.]</ety>
<def>Having a propensity to venery; lustful; lecherous.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sa*la"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>dv.</pos> --
<wf>Sa*la"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sa*lac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salacitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>salacit\'82</ets>]</ety>
<def>Strong propensity to venery; lust; lecherousness.</def>
<hw>Sal"ad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>salade</ets>, OIt. <ets>salata</ets>, It.
<ets>insalata</ets>, fr. <ets>salare</ets> to salt, fr. L.
<ets>sal</ets> salt. See <er>Salt</er>, and cf.
<er>Slaw</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A preparation of
vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water cress, onions, etc.,
usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil, and spice, and eaten for
giving a relish to other food; <as>as, lettuce <ex>salad</ex>;
tomato <ex>salad</ex>, etc</as>.</def>
<q>Leaves eaten raw termed <qex>salad</qex>.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp.
chicken or lobster, mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and
seasoned with oil, vinegar, mustard, and other condiments;
<as>as, chicken <ex>salad</ex>; lobster
<ex>salad</ex></as>.</def><-- mention mayonnaise -->
<cs><col>Salad burnet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common
burnet (<spn>Poterium Sanguisorba</spn>), sometimes eaten as a
salad in Italy.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sal"ade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A helmet. See
<er>Sallet</er>.</def>
<hw>Sal"ad*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vegetable
for salad.</def>
<hw>Sal`\'91*ra"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Saleratus</er>.</def>
<hw>Sal"a*gane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the
Chinese name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The esculent
swallow. See under <er>Esculent</er>.</def>
<hw>Sal"al-ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably
of American Indian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
edible fruit of the <spn>Gaultheria Shallon</spn>, an ericaceous
shrub found from California northwards. The berries are about the
size of a common grape and of a dark purple color.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa*lam</hw> <pr>(s<adot/*l<aum/m")</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Ar. <ets>sal\'bem</ets> peace, safety.]</ety> <def>A
salutation or compliment of ceremony in the east by word or act;
an obeisance, performed by bowing very low and placing the right
palm on the forehead.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>salaam</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sal"a*man`der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>salamandre</ets>, L. <ets>salamandra</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf.
Per. <ets>samander</ets>, <ets>samandel</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of
Urodela, belonging to <spn>Salamandra</spn>,
<spn>Amblystoma</spn>, <spn>Plethodon</spn>, and various allied
genera, especially those that are more or less terrestrial in
their habits.</def>
<note><hand/ The salamanders have, like lizards, an elongated
body, four feet, and a long tail, but are destitute of scales.
They are true Amphibia, related to the frogs. Formerly, it was a
superstition that the salamander could live in fire without harm,
and even extinguish it by the natural coldness of its
body.</note>
<q>I have maintained that <qex>salamander</qex> of yours with
fire any time this two and thirty years.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Whereas it is commonly said that a <qex>salamander</qex>
extinguisheth fire, we have found by experience that on hot
coals, it dieth immediately.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pouched gopher
(<spn>Geomys tuza</spn>) of the Southern United States.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A culinary utensil of metal with a plate or disk
which is heated, and held over pastry, etc., to brown it.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A large poker.</def> <mark>[prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Solidofied material in a
furnace hearth.</def>
<cs><col>Giant salamander</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
under <er>Giant</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Salamander's hair</col>
<or/ <col>wool</col></mcol> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a species of
asbestus or mineral flax. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>
<au>Bacon.</au></cs>
<hw>\'d8Sal`a*man*dri"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl</plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
suborder of Urodela, comprising salamanders.</def>
<hw>Sal`a*man"drine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a salamander; enduring fire.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Sal`a*man"droid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Salamander</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the
salamanders.</def>
<hw>\'d8sal`a*man*dri"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of
Amphibia including the Salamanders and allied groups; the
Urodela.</def>
<hw>Sal"am*stone`</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of blue sapphire brought from
Ceylon.</def>
<au>Dana.</au>
<hw>Sa*lan"ga*na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
salagane.</def>
<hw>Sal"a*ried</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Receiving a
salary; paid by a salary; having a salary attached; <as>as, a
<ex>salaried</ex> officer; a <ex>salaried</ex> office</as>.</def>
<hw>Sal"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Saline</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sal"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Salaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.
<ets>salarie</ets>, L. <ets>salarium</ets>, originally, salt
money, the money given to the Roman soldiers for salt, which was
a part of thir pay, fr. <ets>salarius</ets> belonging to salt,
fr. <ets>sal</ets> salt. See <er>Salt</er>.]</ety> <def>The
recompense or consideration paid, or stipulated to be paid, to a
person at regular intervals for services; fixed wages, as by the
year, quarter, or month; stipend; hire.</def>
<q>This is hire and <qex>salary</qex>, not revenge.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ Recompense for services paid at, or reckoned by,
short intervals, as a day or week, is usually called
<xex>wages</xex>.</note>
<syn>Syn. -- Stipend; pay; wages; hire; allowance.</syn>
<hw>Sal"a*ry</hw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Salaried</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Salarying</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
pay, or agree to pay, a salary to; to attach salary to; <as>as,
to <ex>salary</ex> a clerk; to <ex>salary</ex> a
position</as>.</def>
<hw>Sale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 1st
<er>Sallow</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sale</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>sala</ets>,
<ets>sal</ets>, akin to E.<ets>sell</ets>. See <er>Sell</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of selling; the
transfer of property, or a contract to transfer the ownership of
property, from one person to another for a valuable
consideration, or for a price in money.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Opportunity of selling; demand; market.</def>
<q>They shall have ready <qex>sale</qex> for them.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Public disposal to the highest bidder, or
exposure of goods in market; auction.</def>
<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>
<cs><col>Bill of sale</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Of sale</col>, <col>On sale</col>, <col>For
sale</col></mcol>, <cd>to be bought or sold; offered to
purchasers; in the market.</cd> -- <col>To set to sale</col>,
<cd>to offer for sale; to put up for purchase; to make
merchandise of. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>
<au>Milton.</au>
<mhw><hw>Sale"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>,
<hw>Sale"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>, etc.</mhw> <def>See
<er>Salable</er>, <er>Salably</er>, etc.</def>
<hw>Sal"eb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Salep</er>.</def>
<hw>Sal`e*bros"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Roughness or ruggedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Feltham.</au>
<hw>Sal"e*brous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salebosus</ets>, fr. <ets>salebra</ets> a rugged road, fr.
<ets>salire</ets> to leap.]</ety> <def>Rough; rugged.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sal"ep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>sahleb</ets>, perhaps a corruption of an Arabic word for
fox, one Ar. name of the orchis signifying literally, fox's
testicles: cf. F. <ets>salep</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>saleb</asp>, <asp>salop</asp>, and
<asp>saloop</asp>.]</altsp> <def>The dried tubers of various
species of <spn>Orchis</spn>, and <spn>Eulophia</spn>. It is used
to make a nutritious beverage by treating the powdered
preparation with hot water.</def>
<au>U. S. Disp.</au>
<hw>Sal`e*ra"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>sal a\'89ratus</ets>; -- so called because it is a source of
fixed air (carbon dioxide). See <er>Sal</er>, and and
<er>A\'89rated</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>
<def>A\'89rated salt; a white crystalline substance having an
alkaline taste and reaction, consisting of sodium bicarbonate
(see under <er>Sodium</er>.) It is lagerly used in cooking, with
sour milk (lactic acid) or cream of tartar as a substitute for
yeast. It is also an ingridient of most baking powders, and is
used in the preparation of effervescing drinks.</def>
<hw>Sales"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Salesmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Sale</ets> +
<ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who sells anything; one whose
occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.</def>
<hw>Sales"wom`an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Saleswomen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A woman whose
occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.</def>
<hw>Sale"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Work or
things made for sale; hence, work done carelessly or
slightingly.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sa"lian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Denoting a
tribe of Franks who established themselves early in the fourth
century on the river Sala [now Yssel]; Salic.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A Salian Frank.</def></def2>
<hw>Sa"li*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Salient</er>.</def>
<hw>Sal"i*aunce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sally</er>.]</ety> <def>Salience; onslaught.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSo fierce <xex>saliaunce</xex>.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<-- p. 1270 -->
<hw>Sal"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>salique</ets>, fr. the <ets>Salian</ets> Franks, who, in the
fifth century, formed a body of laws called in latin <ets>leges
Salic\'91</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Salian
Franks, or to the Salic law so called.</def> <altsp>[Also
<asp>salique</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Salic law</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A code of laws formed
by the Salian Franks in the fifth century. By one provision of
this code women were excluded from the inheritance of landed
property.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Specifically, in modern times, a
law supposed to be a special application of the above-mentioned
provision, in accordance with which males alone can inherit the
throne. This law has obtained in France, and at times in other
countries of Europe, as Spain.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sal`i*ca"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, the willow.]</ety>
<def>Belonging or relating to the willow.</def>
<hw>Sal"*cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a willow: cf. F.
<ets>salicine</ets>. See <er>Sallow</er> the tree.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside found in the leaves of
several species of willow (<spn>Salix</spn>) and poplar, and
extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance.</def><--
<altname>salicyl alcohol glucoside</altname>, <altname>salicyl
alcohol <beta/-D-glucopyranoside</altname>, <altname>saligenin
<beta/-D-glucopyranoside</altname>, <chform>C13H18O7</chform>.
It is used in biochemistry as a standard substrate for evaluating
the potency of <beta/-glucosidase in enzymatic preparations. It
is also an analgesic. -->
<hw>Sal"i*cyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Salic</ets>in + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical of salicylic
acid and of certain related compounds.</def>
<hw>Sal"i*cyl`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Salicyl</ets>ic + <ets>al</ets>dehide.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A thin, fragrant, colorless oil,
<chform>HO.C6H4.CHO</chform>, found in the flowers of meadow
sweet (<spn>Spir\'91a</spn>), and also obtained by oxidation of
saligenin, etc. It reddens on exposure. Called also
<altname>salycylol</altname>, <altname>salicylic
aldehyde</altname>, and formerly <altname>salicylous, <or/
spiroylous, acid</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sal"i*cyl`ate</hw> <pr>(-<asl/t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of salicylic acid.</def>
<hw>Sal`i*cyl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or
designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with
potassium hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol
(carbolic acid) by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium
phenolate. It is a white crystalline substance. It is used as an
antiseptic, and in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism.
Called also <altname>hydroxybenzoic acid</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sal"i*cyl`ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Salicylic</ets> + anhydri<ets>de</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance obtained by
dehydration of salicylic acid.</def>
<hw>Sal"i*cyl`ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of salicylal; -- named after
the analogy of a salt.</def>
<hw>Sal"i*cyl`ol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Salicyl</ets>ic + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Salicylal</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa*lic"y*lous</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a
substance called <xex>salicylous acid</xex>, and now
<xex>salicylal</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sa"li*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Salient</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That quality or
condition of being salient; a leaping; a springing forward; an
assaulting.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality or state of projecting, or being
projected; projection; protrusion.</def>
<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>
<hw>Sa"li*en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of
being salient; hence, vigor.</def> \'bdA fatal lack of poetic
<xex>saliency</xex>.\'b8
<au>J. Morley.</au>
<hw>Sa"li*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saliens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>salire</ets>
to leap; cf. F. <ets>saillant</ets>. See <er>Sally</er>,
<pos>n.</pos> & <pos>v. i.</pos>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moving
by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping.</def> \'bdFrogs
and <xex>salient</xex> animals.\'b8
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Shooting out up; springing; projecting.</def>
<q>He had in himself a <qex>salient</qex>, living spring of
generous and manly action.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the
attention; prominent; conspicuous; noticeable.</def>
<q>He [Grenville] had neither <qex>salient</qex> traits, nor
general comprehensiveness of mind.</q>
<qau>Bancroft.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Math. & Fort.)</fld> <def>Projectiong
outwardly; <as>as, a <ex>salient</ex> angle</as>; -- opposed to
<contr>re\'89ntering</contr>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Bastion</er>.</def><-- convex? -->
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Represented in a leaping
position; <as>as, a lion <ex>salient</ex></as>.</def>
<cs><col>Salient angle</col>. <cd>See <er>Salient</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Salient polygon</col>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a polygon all of whose angles are
salient.</cd> -- <col>Salient polyhedron</col>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a polyhedron all of whose solid angles
are salient.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sa"li*ent</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A
salient angle or part; a projection.</def>
<hw>Sa"li*ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a salient
manner.</def>
<hw>Sa*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sal</ets> salt + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing,
or impregnated with, salt.</def>
<cs><col>Saliferous rocks</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the New
Red Sandstone system of some geologists; -- so called because, in
Europe, this formation contains beds of salt. The saliferous beds
of New York State belong largely to the Salina period of the
Upper Silurian. See the <xex>Chart<xex> of
<er>Geology</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sal"i*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>salifiable</ets>. See <er>Salify</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of neutralizing an acid to form a
salt; -- said of bases; thus, ammonia is
<xex>salifiable</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sal`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>salification</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The
act, process, or result of salifying; the state of being
salified.</def>
<hw>Sal"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Salified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Salifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>salifier</ets>; from L.
<ets>sal</ets> salt + <ets>-ficare</ets> (only in comp.) to make.
See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To
combine or impregnate with a salt.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To
form a salt with; to convert into a salt; <as>as, to
<ex>salify</ex> a base or an acid</as>.</def>
<hw>Sa*lig"e*nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sal</ets>icin + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A phenol alcohol obtained, by the
decomposition of salicin, as a white crystalline substance; --
called also <altname>hydroxy-benzyl alcohol</altname>.</def>
<-- ortho-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, saligenol, salicyl alcohol.
HOCH2.C6H4.OH -->
<hw>Sal"i*got</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The water chestnut (<spn>Trapa
natans</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sal*im"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sal</ets> salt + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An
instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any given
solution.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>salometer</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sal*im"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or
process of measuring the amount of salt in a substance.</def>
<hw>Sa*li"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>salinae</ets>, pl., salt works, from <ets>sal</ets> salt.
See <er>Saline</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A salt
marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Salt works.</def>
<hw>Sa*li"na pe"ri*od</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called from
<ets>Salina</ets>, a town in New York.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>
<def>The period in which the American Upper Silurian system,
containing the brine-producing rocks of central New York, was
formed. See the <xex>Chart</xex> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>
<hw>Sal`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of washing with salt water.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs..]</mark>
<au>Greenhill.</au>
<hw>Sa"line</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>salin</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sal</ets> salt: cf. L.
<ets>salinae</ets> salt works, <ets>salinum</ets> saltcellar. See
<er>Salt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of salt, or
containing salt; <as>as, <ex>saline</ex> particles;
<ex>saline</ex> substances; a <ex>saline</ex>
cathartic</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of the quality of salt; salty; <as>as, a
<ex>saline</ex> taste</as>.</def>
<hw>Sa"line</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>saline</ets>. See <er>Saline</er>,
<ets>a</ets>.]</ety> <def>A salt spring; a place where salt water
is collected in the earth.</def>
<hw>Sal"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crude potash obtained from beet-root
residues and other similar sources.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>salin</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med. Chem.)</fld> <def>A metallic salt; esp., a
salt of potassium, sodium, lithium, or magnesium, used in
medicine.</def>
<-- 3. (Med., Biochemistry) A saline solution, esp. normal
saline, or isotonic saline, used for infusion, to maintain blood
pressure. -->
<hw>Sa*line"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being salt; saltness.</def>
<hw>Sal`i*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Saline</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as
<er>Saliferous</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa*lin"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the form or the qualities of a salt, especially of common
salt.</def>
<hw>Sa*lin"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Salineness.</def>
<au>Carpenter.</au>
<hw>Sal`i*nom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Saline</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
salimeter.</def>
<hw>Sa*lin"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Saline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sal"ique</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Salic.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>She fulmined out her scorn of laws <qex>salique</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Sal`i*re"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sali</ets>genin + Gr. <?/ resin.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow amorphous resinoid substance
obtained by the action of dilute acids on saligenin.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sal`is*bu"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Named after R. A. <ets>Salisbury</ets>, an English
botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The ginkgo tree
(<spn>Ginkgo biloba</spn>, or <spn>Salisburia
adiantifolia</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sal"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>salire</ets> to salt, fr.
<ets>sal</ets> salt.]</ety> <def>To season with salt; to
salt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sa"lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from
<ets>Sala</ets>, a town in Sweden.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>A massive lamellar variety of pyroxene, of a dingy green
color.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>sahlite</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sa*li"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.; cf. Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The secretion from the
salivary glands.</def>
<note><hand/ In man the saliva is a more or less turbid and
slighty viscid fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is
secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In
the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal
glands. The secretions from the individual salivary glands have
their own special characteristics, and these are not the same in
all animals. In man and many animals <xex>mixed saliva</xex>,
i.e., saliva composed of the secretions of all three of the
salivary glands, is an important degestive fluid on account of
the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.</note>
<hw>Sa*li"val</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Salivary.</def>
<hw>Sal"i*vant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salivans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>salivare</ets>. See
<er>Salivate</er>.]</ety> <def>Producing salivation.</def>
<hw>Sal"i*vant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which produces
salivation.</def>
<hw>Sal"i*va*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salivarius</ets> slimy, clammy: cf. F.
<ets>salivaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva; <as>as, the
<ex>salivary</ex> ferment; the <ex>salivary</ex> glands; the
<ex>salivary</ex> ducts, etc</as>.</def>
<hw>Sal"i*vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Salivated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Salivating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>salivatus</ets>,
p.p. of <ets>salivare</ets> to salivate. See
<er>Saliva</er>.]</ety> <def>To produce an abnormal flow of
saliva in; to produce salivation or ptyalism in, as by the use of
mercury.</def>
<-- v.i. To produce saliva, esp. in excess.
2. To drool.
3. (Fig.) To anticipate keenly with pleasure, as though
salivating at the expectation of a delicious meal. Used often
with <it>over.</it>; as, <ex>salivate over</ex> the prospects of
high profits from an enterprise.
<note>Probably influenced by the experiments of Pavlov, who
trained dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, by previously
ringing the bell immediately prior to feeding them.</note> -->
<hw>Sal`i*va"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salivatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>salivation</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act or process of salivating; an
excessive secretion of saliva, often accompained with soreness of
the mouth and gums; ptyalism.</def>
<note><hand/ It may be induced by direct chemical or mechanical
stimulation, as in mastication of some tasteless substance like
rubber, or indirectly by some agent which affects the whole
system, as mercury compounds.</note>
<hw>Sa*li"vous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salivosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>saliveux</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Pertaining to saliva; of the nature of saliva.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa"lix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Salices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., the
willow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of
trees or shrubs including the willow, osier, and the like,
growing usually in wet grounds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tree or
shrub of any kind of willow.</def>
<hw>Sal"len*ders</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>solandres</ets>, <ets>solandre</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An eruption on the hind leg of a
horse.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>sellanders</asp>, and
<asp>sellenders</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>On the inside of the hock, or a little below it, as well as at
the bend of the knee, there is occasionally a scurfy eruption
called \'bdmallenders\'b8 in the fore leg, and
\'bd<qex>sallenders</qex>\'b8 in the hind leg.</q>
<qau>Youatt.</qau>
<hw>Sal"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>salade</ets>, Sp. <ets>celada</ets>, or It.
<ets>celata</ets>, fr. L. (cassis) <ets>caelata</ets>, fr.
<ets>caelare</ets>, <ets>caelatum</ets>, to engrave in relief. So
called from the figures engraved upon it.]</ety> <def>A light
kind of helmet, with or without a visor, introduced during the
15th century.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>salade</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>Then he must have a <qex>sallet</qex> wherewith his head may
be saved.</q>
<qau>Latimer.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sal"et</hw>, <hw>Sal"let*ing</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Salad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sal"li*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Salience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>salwe</ets>, AS. <ets>sealth</ets>; akin to OHG.
<ets>salaha</ets>, G. <ets>salwiede</ets>, Icel. <ets>selja</ets>
L. <ets>salix</ets>, Ir. <ets>sail</ets>, <ets>saileach</ets>,
Gael. <ets>seileach</ets>, W. <ets>helyg</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The willow; willow twigs.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<q>And bend the pliant <qex>sallow</qex> to a shield.</q>
<qau>Fawkes.</qau>
<q>The <qex>sallow</qex> knows the basketmaker's thumb.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to certain
species of willow, especially those which do not have flexible
shoots, as <xex>Salix caprea</xex>, <xex>S</xex>.
<xex>cinerea</xex>, etc.</def>
<cs><col>Sallow thorn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a European
thorny shrub (<spn>Hippophae rhamnoides</spn>) much like an
El\'91agnus. The yellow berries are sometimes used for making
jelly, and the plant affords a yellow dye.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sal"low</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Sallower</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Sallowest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>salu</ets>; akin
to D. <ets>zaluw</ets>, OHG. <ets>salo</ets>, Icel.
<ets>s\'94lr</ets> yellow.]</ety> <def>Having a yellowish color;
of a pale, sickly color, tinged with yellow; <as>as, a
<ex>sallow</ex> skin</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sal"low</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To tinge with
sallowness.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<q>July breathes hot, <qex>sallows</qex> the crispy fields.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<hw>Sal"low*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat sallow.</def>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<hw>Sal"low*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or condition of being sallow.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Sal"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sallied</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sallying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>saillir</ets>, fr.
L. <ets>salire</ets> to leap, spring, akin to gr. <?/; cf. Skr.
<?/ to go, to flow. Cf. <er>Sallient</er>, <er>Assail</er>,
<er>Assault</er>, <er>Exult</er>, <er>Insult</er>,
<er>Saltation</er>, <er>Saltire</er>.]</ety> <def>To leap or rush
out; to burst forth; to issue suddenly; as a body of troops from
a fortified place to attack besiegers; to make a sally.</def>
<q>They break the truce, and <qex>sally</qex> out by night.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The foe retires, -- she heads the <qex>sallying</qex>
host.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<hw>Sal"ly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Sallies</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>saillie</ets>, fr.
<ets>sailir</ets>. See <ets>Sally</ets>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A leaping forth; a darting; a spring.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a
sudden eruption; specifically, an issuing of troops from a place
besieged to attack the besiegers; a sortie.</def>
<q><qex>Sallies</qex> were made by the Spaniards, but they were
beaten in with loss.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An excursion from the usual track; range;
digression; deviation.</def>
<q>Every one shall know a country better that makes often
<qex>sallies</qex> into it, and traverses it up and down, than he
that . . . goes still round in the same track.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like;
a flashing forth of a quick and active mind.</def>
<q>The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his
<qex>sallies</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Transgression of the limits of soberness or
steadiness; act of levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade.</def>
<q>The excursion was esteemed but a <qex>sally</qex> of
youth.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>
<cs><col>Sally port</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <cd>A
postern gate, or a passage underground, from the inner to the
outer works, to afford free egress for troops in a sortie</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naval)</fld> <cd>A large port on each quarter
of a fireship, for the escape of the men into boats when the
train is fired; a large port in an old-fashioned three-decker or
a large modern ironclad.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sal"ly Lunn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From a woman,
<ets>Sally Lunn</ets>, who is said to have first made the cakes,
and sold them in the streets of Bath, Eng.]</ety> <def>A tea cake
slighty sweetened, and raised with yeast, baked in the form of
biscuits or in a thin loaf, and eaten hot with butter.</def>
<hw>Sal"ly*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The velella; -- called also
<altname>saleeman</altname>.</def>
<hw>Salm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Psalm.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Piers plowman.</au>
<hw>Sal`ma*gun"di</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>salmigondis</ets> of uncertain origin; perhaps from L.
<ets>salgama condita</ets>, pl.; <ets>salgama</ets> pickles +
<ets>condita</ets> preserved (see <er>Condite</er>); or from the
Countess <ets>Salmagondi</ets>, lady of honor to Maria de Medici,
who is said to have invented it; or cf. It. <ets>salame</ets>
salt meat, and F. <ets>salmis</ets> a ragout.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring, with oil,
vinegar, pepper, and onions.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a mixture of various ingredients; an olio
or medley; a potpourri; a miscellany.</def>
<au>W. Irving.</au>
<hw>Sal"mi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Salmis</er>.</def>
<hw>Sal"mi*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>salmiac</ets>, G. <ets>salmiak</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old
Chem.)</fld> <def>Sal ammoniac. See under <er>Sal</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sal`mis"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A ragout or partky roasted game stewed
with sauce, wine, bread, and condiments suited to provoke
appetite.</def>
<hw>Salm"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Salmons</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <it>or</it>
(<it>collectively</it>) <plw>Salmon</plw>.</plu> <ety>[OE.
<ets>saumoun</ets>, <ets>salmon</ets>, F. <ets>saumon</ets>, fr.
L. <ets>salmo</ets>, <ets>salmonis</ets> perhaps from
<ets>salire</ets> to leap. Cf. <er>Sally</er>,
<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
one of several species of fishes of the genus <spn>Salmo</spn>
and allied genera. The common salmon (<spn>Salmo salar</spn>) of
Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and the California
salmon, or quinnat, are the most important species. They are
extensively preserved for food. See <er>Quinnat</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their
head streams to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes, and
will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of
their progress. The common salmon has been known to grow to the
weight of seventy-five pounds; more generally it is from fifteen
to twenty-five pounds. Young salmon are called <xex>parr</xex>,
<xex>peal</xex>, <xex>smolt</xex>, and <xex>grilse</xex>. Among
the true salmons are: <col>Black salmon</col>, <xex>or</xex>
<col>Lake salmon</col>, the namaycush. -- <col>Dog salmon</col>,
a salmon of Western North America (<spn>Oncorhynchus keta</spn>).
-- <col>Humpbacked salmon</col>, a Pacific-coast salmon
(<spn>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</spn>). -- <col>King salmon</col>,
the quinnat. -- <col>Landlocked salmon</col>, a variety of the
common salmon (var. <spn>Sebago</spn>), long confined in certain
lakes in consequence of obstructions that prevented it from
returning to the sea. This last is called also <altname>dwarf
salmon</altname>.
Among fishes of other families which are locally and
erroneously called <xex>salmon</xex> are: the pike perch, called
<xex>jack salmon</xex>; the spotted, or southern, squeteague; the
cabrilla, called <xex>kelp salmon</xex>; young pollock, called
<xex>sea salmon</xex>; and the California yellowtail.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh
of the salmon.</def>
<cs><col>Salmon berry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a large red
raspberry growing from Alaska to California, the fruit of the
<spn>Rubus Nutkanus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Salmon killer</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a stickleback (<spn>Gasterosteus
cataphractus</spn>) of Western North America and Northern
Asia.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Salmon ladder</col>, <col>salmon
stair</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Fish ladder</cref>, under
<er>Fish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Salmon peel</col>, <cd>a young
salmon.</cd> -- <col>Salmon pipe</col>, <cd>a certain device for
catching salmon.</cd> <au>Crabb.</au> -- <col>Salmon trout</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The European sea trout
(<spn>Salmo trutta</spn>). It resembles the salmon, but is
smaller, and has smaller and more numerous scales.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The American namaycush</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A
name that is also applied locally to the adult black spotted
trout (<spn>Salmo purpuratus</spn>), and to the steel head and
other large trout of the Pacific coast.</cd></cs>
<hw>Salm"on</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a reddish yellow or
orange color, like that of the flesh of the salmon.</def>
<-- p. 1271 -->
<hw>Salm"on*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<ets>Samlet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A salmon of
small size; a samlet.</def>
<hw>Sal"mon*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Salmon</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the
<spn>Salmonid\'91</spn>, a family of fishes including the trout
and salmon.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Any fish of the
family <spn>Salmonid\'91</spn>.</def></def2>
<hw>Sal"o*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sal</ets> salt + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A halogen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sal"ol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Salicylic</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance consisting
of phenol salicylate.</def>
<hw>sa*lom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Salimeter</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa*lom"*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Salimetry.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa`lom"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Saloon</er>.]</ety> <def>An apartment for the reception of
company; hence, in the plural, faschionable parties; circles of
fashionable society.</def>
<hw>Sa*loon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>salon</ets> (cf. It. <ets>salone</ets>), fr. F.
<ets>salle</ets> a large room, a hall, of German or Dutch origin;
cf. OHG. <ets>sal</ets> house, hall, G. <ets>saal</ets>; akin to
AS. <ets>s\'91l</ets>, <ets>sele</ets>, D. <ets>zaal</ets>, Icel.
<ets>salr</ets>, Goth. <ets>saljan</ets> to dwell, and probably
to L. <ets>solum ground</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Sole</er> of
the foot, <er>Soil</er> ground, earth.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of company or
for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a hall for public
entertainments or amusements; a large room or parlor; <as>as, the
<ex>saloon</ex> of a steamboat</as>.</def>
<q>The gilden <qex>saloons</qex> in which the first magnates of
the realm . . . gave banquets and balls.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Popularly, a public room for specific uses;
esp., a barroom or grogshop; <as>as, a drinking <ex>saloon</ex>;
an eating <ex>saloon</ex>; a dancing <ex>saloon</ex></as>.</def>
<q>We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low dancing
<qex>saloons</qex> [at Athens.]</q>
<qau>J. P. Mahaffy.</qau>
<hw>Sa*loop"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An aromatic
drink prepared from sassafras bark and other ingredients, at one
time much used in London.</def>
<au>J. Smith (Dict. econ. Plants).</au>
<cs><col>Saloop bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian
shrub (<spn>Rhagodia hastata</spn>) of the Goosefoot family, used
for fodder.</cd></cs>
<hw>Salp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any species of Salpa, or of the family
<spn>Salpid\'91</spn>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sal"pa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>Salp\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Salpas</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.: cf. L. <ets>salpa</ets> a kind of
stockfish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of
transparent, tubular, free-swimming oceanic tunicates found
abundantly in all the warmer latitudes. See
<xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>
<note><hand/ Each species exists in two distinct forms, one of
which lives solitary, and produces, by budding from an internal
organ, a series of the other kind. These are united together,
side by side, so as to form a chain, or cluster, often of large
size. Each of the individuals composing the chain carries a
single egg, which develops into the solitary kind.</note>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sal"pi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sal"pid</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
salpa.</def>
<hw>Sal"pi*con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>salpicon</ets>, Sp. <ets>salpicon</ets>.]</ety> <def>Chopped
meat, bread, etc., used to stuff legs of veal or other joints;
stuffing; farce.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sal`pin*gi"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Salpinx</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the salpinx.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sal"pinx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from
Gr. <?/, <?/, a trumpet.]</ety> <fld>(Old Anat.)</fld> <def>The
Eustachian tube, or the Fallopian tube.</def>
<hw>Sal"sa*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Salsify</er>.</def>
<hw>Sal`sa*men*ta"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>salsamentarius</ets>, fr. <ets>salsamentum</ets>
brine, pickled fish, fr. <ets>salsus</ets> salted, p.p. of
<ets>salire</ets> to salt.]</ety> <def>Salt; salted;
saline.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Salse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A
mud volcano, the water of which is often impregnated with salts,
whence the name.</def>
<hw>Sal"si*fy</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>salsifis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See
<cref>Oyster plant</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under
<er>Oyster</er>.</def>
<hw>Sal"so-ac`id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salsus</ets> salted, salt + <ets>acidus</ets> acid.]</ety>
<def>Having a taste compounded of saltness and acidity; both salt
and acid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sal`so"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <cref>Sal
soda</cref>, under <er>Sal</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sal"so*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
L. <ets>salsus</ets> salt, because they contain alkaline
salts.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including
the glasswort. See <er>Glasswort</er>.</def>
<hw>sal*su"gi*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salsugo</ets>, <ets>-ginis</ets>, saltness from
<ets>salsus</ets> salted, salt: cf. F.
<ets>salsugineux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing in
brackish places or in salt marches.</def>
<hw>Salt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sealt</ets>; akin to OS. & OFries. <ets>salt</ets>, D.
<ets>zout</ets>, G. <ets>salz</ets>, Icel., Sw., & Dan.
<ets>salt</ets>, L. <ets>sal</ets>, Gr. <?/, Russ.
<ets>sole</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>salann</ets>, W.
<ets>halen</ets>, of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Sal</er>,
<er>Salad</er>, <er>Salary</er>, <er>Saline</er>, <er>Sauce</er>,
<er>Sausage</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The chloride of sodium,
a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of
meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced,
by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other
water impregnated with saline particles.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack;
seasoning.</def>
<q>Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . . . we have
some <qex>salt</qex> of our youth in us.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; <as>as, Attic
<ex>salt</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar.</def>
<q>I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver
<qex>salts</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pepys.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A sailor; -- usually qualified by
<xex>old</xex>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing and
gossiping, clusters of old <qex>salts</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The neutral compound formed
by the union of an acid base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form
the <xex>salt</xex> sulphate of iron or green vitriol.</def>
<note><hand/ Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately
speaking, it is the acid radical which unites with the base or
basic radical, with the elimination of hydrogen, of water, or of
analogous compounds as side products. In the case of diacid and
triacid bases, and of dibasic and tribasic acids, the mutual
neutralization may vary in degree, producing respectively
<xex>basic</xex>, <xex>neutral</xex>, or <xex>acid</xex> salts
See Phrases below.</note>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or
error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an
allowance or deduction; <as>as, his statements must be taken with
a grain of <ex>salt</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Ye are the <qex>salt</qex> of the earth.</q>
<qau>Matt. v. 13.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Any mineral salt used as an
aperient or cathartic, especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or
Glauber's salt.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Marches flooded by the
tide.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<cs><mcol><col>Above the salt</col>, <col>Below the
salt</col></mcol>, <cd>phrases which have survived the old
custom, in the houses of people of rank, of placing a large
saltcellar near the middle of a long table, the places above
which were assigned to the guests of distinction, and those below
to dependents, inferiors, and poor relations. See
<er>Saltfoot</er>.</cd>
<q>His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath
him in clothes. He never drinks <qex>below the salt</qex>.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
-- <col>Acid salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A
salt derived from an acid which has several replaceable hydrogen
atoms which are only partially exchanged for metallic atoms or
basic radicals; <as>as, acid potassium sulphate is an <ex>acid
salt</ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A salt, whatever its
constitution, which merely gives an acid reaction; <as>thus,
copper sulphate, which is composed of a strong acid united with a
weak base, is an <ex>acid salt</ex> in this sense, though
theoretically it is a neutral salt</as>.</cd> -- <col>Alkaline
salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt which gives an alkaline
reaction, as sodium carbonate.</cd> -- <col>Amphid salt</col>
<fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt of the oxy type, formerly
regarded as composed of two oxides, an acid and a basic
oxide.</cd> <mark>[Obsolescent]</mark> -- <col>Basic salt</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A salt which contains more of
the basic constituent than is required to neutralize the
acid</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An alkaline salt.</cd> -- <col>Binary
salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt of the oxy type
conveniently regarded as composed of two ingredients (analogously
to a haloid salt), viz., a metal and an acid radical.</cd> --
<col>Double salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt regarded as
formed by the union of two distinct salts, as common alum,
potassium aluminium sulphate. See under <er>Double</er>.</cd> --
<col>Epsom salts</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> --
<col>Essential salt</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt
obtained by crystalizing plant juices.</cd> -- <col>Ethereal
salt</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Ethereal</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Glauber's salt</col> <or/
<col>salts</col></mcol>. <cd>See in Vocabulary.</cd> --
<col>Haloid salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a simple salt of a
halogen acid, as sodium chloride.</cd> -- <col>Microcosmic
salt</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld>. <cd>See under
<er>Microcosmic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Neutral salt</col>.
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a A salt in which the acid and base (in
theory)</sd> <cd>neutralize each other</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A
salt which gives a neutral reaction.</cd> -- <col>Oxy salt</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt derived from an oxygen acid.</cd>
-- <col>Per salt</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt
supposed to be derived from a peroxide base or analogous
compound.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Permanent salt</col>,
<cd>a salt which undergoes no change on exposure to the air.</cd>
-- <col>Proto salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt derived
from a protoxide base or analogous compound.</cd> --
<col>Rochelle salt</col>. <cd>See under <er>Rochelle</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Salt of amber</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>succinic
acid.</cd> -- <col>Salt of colcothar</col> <fld>(Old
Chem.)</fld>, <cd>green vitriol, or sulphate of iron.</cd> --
<col>Salt of hartshorn</col>. <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>Sal ammoniac, or ammonium chloride</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>Ammonium carbonate</cd>. Cf. <cref>Spirit of
hartshorn</cref>, under <er>Hartshorn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Salt of
lemons</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Salt of
sorrel</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Salt of Saturn</col> <fld>(Old
Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sugar of lead; lead acetate; -- the alchemical
of lead being <xex>Saturn</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Salt of
Seignette</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Rochelle salt</er>.</cd> --
<col>Salt of soda</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sodium
carbonate.</cd> -- <col>Salt of sorrel</col> <fld>(Old
Chem.)</fld>, <cd>acid potassium oxalate, or potassium
quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains; -- so called
because found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also sometimes
inaccurately called <altname>salt of lemon</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Salt of tartar</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>potassium
carbonate; -- so called because formerly made by heating cream of
tartar, or potassium tartrate.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --
<col>Salt of Venus</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>blue
vitriol; copper sulphate; -- the alchemical name of copper being
<xex>Venus</xex>.</cd> -- <col>Salt of wisdom</col>. <cd>See
<er>Alembroth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sedative salt</col> <fld>(Old
Med. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>boric acid.</cd> -- <col>Sesqui salt</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt derived from a sesquioxide base or
analogous compound.</cd> -- <col>Spirit of salt</col>.
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Spirit</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sulpho salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt analogous
to an oxy salt, but containing sulphur in place of
oxygen.</cd></cs>
<hw>Salt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Salter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Saltest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sealt</ets>, <ets>salt</ets>. See <er>Salt</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or relating to salt;
abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or
tasting of, salt; salted; <as>as, <ex>salt</ex> beef;
<ex>salt</ex> water</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Salt</xex> tears.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water;
<as>as, a <ex>salt</ex> marsh; <ex>salt</ex> grass</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent.</def>
<q>I have a <qex>salt</qex> and sorry rheum offends me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Salt acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>hydrochloric
acid.</cd> -- <col>Salt block</col>, <cd>an apparatus for
evaporating brine; a salt factory.</cd> <au>Knight.</au> --
<col>Salt bottom</col>, <cd>a flat piece of ground covered with
saline efforescences.</cd> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>
<au>bartlett.</au> -- <col>Salt cake</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,
<cd>the white caked mass, consisting of sodium sulphate, which is
obtained as the product of the first stage in the manufacture of
soda, according to Leblanc's process.</cd> -- <col>Salt
fish</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Salted fish, especially cod,
haddock, and similar fishes that have been salted and dried for
food.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A marine fish.</cd> -- <col>Salt
garden</col>, <cd>an arrangement for the natural evaporation of
sea water for the production of salt, employing large shallow
basins excavated near the seashore.</cd> -- <col>Salt
gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument used to test the strength of
brine; a salimeter.</cd> -- <col>Salt horse</col>, <cd>salted
beef.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>Salt junk</col>, <cd>hard
salt beef for use at sea.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>Salt
lick</col>. <cd>See <er>Lick</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> --
<col>Salt marsh</col>, <cd>grass land subject to the overflow of
salt water.</cd> -- <col>Salt-marsh caterpillar</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American bombycid moth
(<spn>Spilosoma acre\'91</spn> which is very destructive to the
salt-marsh grasses and to other crops. Called also <altname>wooly
bear</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Moth</er>,
<er>Pupa</er>, and <cref>Woolly bear</cref>, under
<er>Woolly</er>.</cd> -- <col>Salt-marsh fleabane</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a strong-scented composite herb
(<spn>Pluchea camphorata</spn>) with rayless purplish heads,
growing in salt marshes.</cd> -- <col>Salt-marsh hen</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the clapper rail. See under
<er>Rail</er>.</cd> -- <col>Salt-marsh terrapin</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the diamond-back.</cd> -- <col>Salt
mine</col>, <cd>a mine where rock salt is obtained.</cd> --
<col>Salt pan</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A large pan used for making
salt by evaporation; also, a shallow basin in the ground where
salt water is evaporated by the heat of the sun.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <cd>Salt works.</cd> -- <col>Salt
pit</col>, <cd>a pit where salt is obtained or made.</cd> --
<col>Salt rising</col>, <cd>a kind of yeast in which common salt
is a principal ingredient.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Salt
raker</col>, <cd>one who collects salt in natural salt ponds, or
inclosures from the sea.</cd> -- <col>Salt sedative</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>boracic acid.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --
<col>Salt spring</col>, <cd>a spring of salt water.</cd> --
<col>Salt tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small leguminous
tree (<spn>Halimodendron argenteum</spn>) growing in the salt
plains of the Caspian region and in Siberia.</cd> -- <col>Salt
water</col>, <cd>water impregnated with salt, as that of the
ocean and of certain seas and lakes; sometimes, also tears.</cd>
<q>Mine eyes are full of tears, I can not see;
And yet <qex>salt water</qex> blinds them not so much
But they can see a sort of traitors here.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
-- <col>Salt-water sailor</col>, <cd>an ocean mariner.</cd> --
<col>Salt-water tailor</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Bluefish</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Salt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Salted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Salting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sprinkle,
impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in
brine; to supply with salt; <as>as, to <ex>salt</ex> fish, beef,
or pork; to <ex>salt</ex> cattle</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill with salt between the timbers and
planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber.</def>
<cs><col>To salt a mine</col>, <cd>to artfully deposit minerals
in a mine in order to deceive purchasers regarding its
value.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To salt away</col>,
<col>To salt down</col></mcol>, <cd>to prepare with, or pack in,
salt for preserving, as meat, eggs, etc.; hence, colloquially, to
save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money.</cd></cs>
<hw>Salt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To deposit salt
as a saline solution; <as>as, the brine begins to
<ex>salt</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Salt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saltus</ets>, fr. <ets>salire</ets> to leap.]</ety> <def>The
act of leaping or jumping; a leap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Sal"tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saltans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>saltare</ets> to dance, v.
intens. fr. <ets>salire</ets> to leap: cf. F. <ets>sautant</ets>.
See <er>Sally</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Leaping; jumping; dancing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In a leaping position;
springing forward; -- applied especially to the squirrel, weasel,
and rat, also to the cat, greyhound, monkey, etc.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sal`ta*rel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Saltarello</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sal`ta*rel"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,
fr. L. <ets>saltare</ets> to jump.]</ety> <def>A popular Italian
dance in quick 3-4 or 6-8 time, running mostly in triplets, but
with a hop step at the beginning of each measure. See
<er>Tarantella</er>.</def>
<hw>Sal"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Saltant</er>.]</ety> <def>To leap or dance.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sal*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saltatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>saltation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A leaping or jumping.</def>
<q>Continued his <qex>saltation</qex> without pause.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Beating or palpitation; <as>as, the
<ex>saltation</ex> of the great artery</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An abrupt and marked
variation in the condition or appearance of a species; a sudden
modification which may give rise to new races.</def>
<q>We greatly suspect that nature does make considerable jumps in
the way of variation now and then, and that these
<qex>saltations</qex> give rise to some of the gaps which appear
to exist in the series of known forms.</q>
<qau>Huxley.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Sal`ta*to"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl</plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
division of Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locusts, and
crickets.</def>
<hw>Sal`ta*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Relating to leaping; saltatory; <as>as, <ex>saltatorial</ex>
exercises</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as
<er>Saltatorious</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining
to the Saltatoria.</def>
<hw>Sal`ta*to"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of leaping; formed for leaping; saltatory; <as>as, a
<ex>saltatorious</ex> insect or leg</as>.</def>
<hw>Sal"ta*to"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saltatorius</ets>. See <er>Saltant</er>, and cf.
<er>Saltire</er>.]</ety> <def>Leaping or dancing; having the
power of, or used in, leaping or dancing.</def>
<cs><col>Saltatory evolution</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a
theory of evolution which holds that the transmutation of species
is not always gradual, but that there may come sudden and marked
variations. See <er>Saltation</er>.</cd><-- recently revived as
"punctuated equilibrium" --> -- <col>Saltatory spasm</col>
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an affection in which pressure of the foot
on a floor causes the patient to spring into the air, so as to
make repeated involuntary motions of hopping and
jumping.</cd></cs>
<au>J. Ross.</au>
<hw>Salt"bush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>An Australian plant (<spn>Atriplex nummularia</spn>) of the
Goosefoot family.</def>
<hw>Salt"cat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mixture of
salt, coarse meal lime, etc., attractive to pigeons.</def>
<hw>Salt"cel*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>saltsaler</ets>; <ets>salt</ets> + F. <ets>sali\'8are</ets>
saltcellar, from L. <ets>sal</ets> salt. See <er>Salt</er>, and
cf. <er>Salary</er>.]</ety> <def>Formerly a large vessel, now a
small vessel of glass or other material, used for holding salt on
the table.</def>
<hw>Salt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes,
sells, or applies salt; one who salts meat or fish.</def>
<hw>Salt"ern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A building or
place where salt is made by boiling or by evaporation; salt
works.</def>
<hw>Salt"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A large
saltcellar formerly placed near the center of the table. The
superior guests were seated above the saltfoot.</def>
<hw>Salt"-green</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sea-green
in color.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Salt"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European dab.</def>
<hw>Sal"tier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Saltire</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sal`ti*gra"d\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Saltigrade</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A tribe of spiders including those which lie in wait and
leap upon their prey; the leaping spiders.</def>
<hw>Sal"ti*grade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saltus</ets> a leap + <ets>gradi</ets> to walk, go: cf. F.
<ets>saltigrade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having
feet or legs formed for leaping.</def>
<hw>Sal"ti*grade</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>One of the <xex>Saltigrad\'91</xex> a tribe of spiders which
leap to seize their prey.</def>
<hw>Sal`tim*ban"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,
literally, one who leaps or mounts upon a bench;
<ets>saltare</ets> to leap + <ets>in</ets> in, upon +
<ets>banco</ets> a bench.]</ety> <def>A mountebank; a
quack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>santibanco</asp>.]</altsp>
<q><qex>Saltimbancos</qex>, quacksalvers, and charlatans.</q>
<qau>Sir T. browne.</qau>
<hw>Salt"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of sprinkling, impregnating, or furnishing, with
salt.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A salt marsh.</def>
<hw>Sal"tire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sautoir</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>saltatorium</ets> a sort of
stirrup, fr. L. <ets>saltatorius</ets> saltatory. See
<er>Saltatory</er>, <er>Sally</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A St. Andrew's cross, or cross in the form
of an <universbold>X</universbold>, -- one of the honorable
ordinaries.</def>
<hw>Sal"tire*wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In the manner of a saltire; -- said
especially of the blazoning of a shield divided by two lines
drawn in the direction of a bend and a bend sinister, and
crossing at the center.</def>
<hw>Salt"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
salt.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Salt"ish*ly</wf>, adv. --
<wf>Salt"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Salt"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of salt;
insipid.</def>
<hw>Salt"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With taste of salt; in a
salt manner.</def>
<hw>Salt"mouth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
wide-mouthed bottle with glass stopper for holding chemicals,
especially crystallized salts.</def>
<-- p. 1272 -->
<hw>Salt"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being salt, or state of being salt, or impregnated
with salt; salt taste; <as>as, the <ex>saltness</ex> of sea
water</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Salt`pe"ter</hw>, <hw>Salt`pe"tre</hw> }</mhw>,
<pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>salp\'88tre</ets>,
NL. <ets>sal petrae</ets>, literally, rock salt, or stone salt;
<er>Salt</er>, and <er>Petrify</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Potassium nitrate; niter, a white crystalline substance,
<chform>KNO3</chform>, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by
leaching from certain soils in which it is produced by the
process of nitrification (see <er>Nitrification</er>, 2). It is a
strong oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is
also used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a
diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant.</def>
<cs><col>Chili salpeter</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sodium
nitrate (distinguished from potassium nitrate, or true salpeter),
a white crystalline substance, <chform>NaNO3</chform>, having a
cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. It is obtained by
leaching the soil of the rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It
is deliquescent and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed
in the production of nitric acid. Called also <altname>cubic
niter</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Saltpeter acid</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>nitric acid; -- sometimes so called
because made from saltpeter.</cd></cs>
<hw>Salt`pe"trous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>salp\'88treux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to saltpeter, or
partaking of its qualities; impregnated with saltpeter.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Salt" rheum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A
popular name, esp. in the United States, for various cutaneous
eruptions, particularly for those of eczema. See
<er>Eczema</er>.</def>
<hw>Salt`wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A name given to several plants which grow on the seashore,
as the <spn>Batis maritima</spn>, and the glasswort. See
<er>Glasswort</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Black saltwort</col>, <cd>the sea milkwort.</cd></cs>
<hw>Salt"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat salt;
saltish.</def>
<hw>Sa*lu"bri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salubris</ets>, or <ets>saluber</ets>, fr. <ets>salus</ets>
health; akin to <ets>salvus</ets> safe, sound, well. See
<er>Safe</er>.]</ety> <def>Favorable to health; healthful;
promoting health; <as>as, <ex>salubrious</ex> air, water, or
climate</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Healthful; wholesome; healthy; salutary.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sa-lu"bri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sa*lu"bri*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sa*lu"bri*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salubritas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>salubrit\'82</ets> See
<er>Salubrious</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being salubrious;
favorableness to the preservation of health; salubriousness;
wholesomeness; healthfulness; <as>as, the <ex>salubrity</ex> of
the air, of a country, or a climate</as>.</def> \'bdA sweet, dry
small of <xex>salubrity</xex>.\'b8
<au>G. W. Cable.</au>
<hw>Sa*lue"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>saluer</ets>. See <er>Salute</er>.]</ety> <def>To
salute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>There was no \'bdgood day\'b8 and no <qex>saluyng</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sal"u*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salutaris</ets>, from <ets>salus</ets>, <ets>-utis</ets>,
health safety: cf. F. <ets>salutaire</ets>. See
<er>Salubrious</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wholesome;
healthful; promoting health; <as>as, <ex>salutary</ex>
exercise</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Promotive of, or contributing to, some
beneficial purpose; beneficial; advantageous; <as>as, a
<ex>salutary</ex> design</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Wholesome; healthful; salubrious; beneficial;
useful; advantageous; profitable.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sal"u*ta*ri*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Sal"u*ta*ri*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sal`u*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salutatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>salutation</ets>. See
<er>Salute</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of saluting, or paying
respect or reverence, by the customary words or actions; the act
of greeting, or expressing good will or courtesy; also, that
which is uttered or done in saluting or greeting.</def>
<q>In all public meetings or private addresses, use those forms
of <qex>salutation</qex>, reverence, and decency usual amongst
the most sober persons.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Greeting; salute; address.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Salutation</er>, <er>Greeting</er>, <er>Salute</er>,
<xex>Greeting</xex> is the general word for all manner of
expressions of recognition, agreeable or otherwise, made when
persons meet or communicate with each other. A
<xex>greeting</xex> may be hearty and loving, chilling and
offensive, or merely formal, as in the opening sentence of legal
documents. <xex>Salutation</xex> more definitely implies a
wishing well, and is used of expressions at parting as well as at
meeting. It is used especially of uttered expressions of good
will. <xex>Salute</xex>, while formerly and sometimes still in
the sense of either <xex>greeting</xex> or <xex>salutation</xex>,
is now used specifically to denote a conventional demonstration
not expressed in words. The guests received a <xex>greeting</xex>
which relieved their embrassment, offered their
<xex>salutations</xex> in well-chosen terms, and when they
retired, as when they entered, made a deferential
<xex>salute</xex>.</usage>
<q>Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in
the synagogues, and <qex>greetings</qex> in the markets.</q>
<qau>Luke xi. 43.</qau>
<q>When Elisabeth heard the <qex>salutation</qex> of Mary, the
babe leaped in her womb.</q>
<qau>Luke i. 41.</qau>
<q>I shall not trouble my reader with the first
<qex>salutes</qex> of our three friends.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Sa*lu`ta*to"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
student who pronounces the salutatory oration at the annual
Commencement or like exercises of a college, -- an honor commonly
assigned to that member of the graduating class who ranks second
in scholarship.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sa*lu"ta*to*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By
way of salutation.</def>
<hw>Sa*lu"ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salutatorius</ets>. See <er>Salute</er>.]</ety>
<def>Containing or expressing salutations; speaking a welcome;
greeting; -- applied especially to the oration which introduces
the exercises of the Commencements, or similar public
exhibitions, in American colleges.</def>
<hw>Sa*lu"ta*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place
for saluting or greeting; a vestibule; a porch.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(American Colleges)</fld> <def>The salutatory
oration.</def>
<hw>Sa*lute"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Saluted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Saluting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>salutare</ets>, <ets>salutatum</ets>, from <ets>salus</ets>,
<ets>-utis</ets>, health, safety. See <er>Salubrious</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To adress, as with expressions of kind wishes
and courtesy; to greet; to hail.</def>
<q>I <qex>salute</qex> you with this kingly title.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to give a sign of good will; to
compliment by an act or ceremony, as a kiss, a bow, etc.</def>
<q>You have the prettiest tip of a finger . . . I must take the
freedom to <qex>salute</qex> it.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil. & Naval)</fld> <def>To honor, as some day,
person, or nation, by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by
dipping colors, by cheers, etc.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To promote the welfare and safety of; to
benefit; to gratify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdIf this
<xex>salute</xex> my blood a jot.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sa*lute"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>salut</ets>. See <er>Salute</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of saluting, or expressing kind wishes
or respect; salutation; greeting.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sign, token, or ceremony, expressing good
will, compliment, or respect, as a kiss, a bow, etc.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil. & Naval)</fld> <def>A token of respect or
honor for some distinguished or official personage, for a foreign
vessel or flag, or for some festival or event, as by presenting
arms, by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms, dipping
the colors or the topsails, etc.</def>
<hw>Sa*lut"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
salutes.</def>
<hw>Sal`u*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salutifer</ets>; <ets>salus</ets>, <ets>-utis</ets>, health
+ <ets>ferre</ets> to bring.]</ety> <def>Bringing health;
healthy; salutary; beneficial; <as>as, <ex>salutiferous</ex>
air</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Innumerable powers, all of them <qex>salutiferous</qex>.</q>
<qau>Cudworth.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Healthful; healthy; salutary; salubrious.</syn>
<hw>Sal`u*tif"er*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Salutarily.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sal`va*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or condition of being salvable; salvableness.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>In the Latin scheme of redemption, <qex>salvability</qex> was
not possible outside the communion of the visible
organization.</q>
<qau>A. V. G. Allen.</qau>
<hw>Sal"va*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salvare</ets> to save, from <ets>salvus</ets> safe. Cf.
<er>Savable</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being saved; admitting
of salvation.</def>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sal"va*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Sal"va*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sal"vage</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>salvage</ets>, OF. <ets>salver</ets> to save, F.
<ets>sauver</ets>, fr. L. <ets>salvare</ets>. See
<er>Save</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of saving a
vessel, goods, or life, goods, or life, from perils of the
sea.</def>
<q><qex>Salvage</qex> of life from a british ship, or a foreign
ship in British waters, ranks before <qex>salvage</qex> of
goods.</q>
<qau>Encyc. Brit.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Maritime Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
compensation allowed to persons who voluntarily assist in saving
a ship or her cargo from peril.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That part
of the property that survives the peril and is saved.</def>
<au>Kent. Abbot.</au>
<hw>Sal"vage</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>Savage.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sal*va"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>salvacioun</ets>, <ets>sauvacion</ets>, F.
<ets>salvation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>salvatio</ets>, fr.
<ets>salvare</ets> to save. See <er>Save</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of saving; preservation or deliverance from
destruction, danger, or great calamity.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The redemption of man from
the bondage of sin and liability to eternal death, and the
conferring on him of everlasting happiness.</def>
<q>To earn <qex>salvation</qex> for the sons of men.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Godly sorrow worketh repentance to <qex>salvation</qex>.</q>
<qau>2. Cor. vii. 10.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Saving power; that which saves.</def>
<q>Fear ye not; stand still, and see the <qex>salvation</qex> of
the Lord, which he will show to you to-day.</q>
<qau>Ex. xiv. 13.</qau>
<cs><col>Salvation Army</col>, <cd>an organization for
prosecuting the work of Christian evangelization, especially
among the degraded populations of cities. It is virtually a new
sect founded in London in 1861 by William Booth. The evangelists,
male and female, have military titles according to rank, that of
the chief being \'bdGeneral.\'b8 They wear a uniform, and in
their phraseology and mode of work adopt a quasi military
style.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sal*va"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An evangelist, a
member, or a recruit, of the Salvation Army.</def>
<hw>Sal"va*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>salvatorium</ets>, fr. <ets>salvare</ets> to save.]</ety>
<def>A place where things are preserved; a repository.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sal"ve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[L.,
hail, God save you, imperat. of <ets>salvere</ets> to be well.
Cf. <er>Salvo</er> a volley.]</ety> <def>Hail!</def>
<hw>Sal"ve</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To say
\'bd<xex>Salve</xex>\'b8 to; to greet; to salute.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>By this that stranger knight in presence came,
And goodly <qex>salved</qex> them.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Salve</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sealf</ets> ointment; akin to LG. <ets>salwe</ets>, D.
<ets>zalve</ets>, <ets>zalf</ets>, OHG. <ets>salba</ets>, Dan.
<ets>salve</ets>, Sw. <ets>salva</ets>, Goth. <ets>salb<?/n</ets>
to anoint, and probably to Gr. (Hesychius) <?/ oil, <?/ butter,
Skr. <ets>sapris</ets> clarified butter. <root/155, 291.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An adhesive composition or substance to be
applied to wounds or sores; a healing ointment.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A soothing remedy or antidote.</def>
<q>Counsel or consolation we may bring.
<qex>Salve</qex> to thy sores.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<cs><col>Salve bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large,
stout isopod crustacean (<spn>\'92ga psora</spn>), parasitic on
the halibut and codfish, -- used by fishermen in the preparation
of a salve. It becomes about two inches in length.</cd></cs>
<hw>Salve</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Salved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Salving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>sealfian</ets> to
anoint. See <er>Salve</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To heal by applications or medicaments; to cure by remedial
traetment; to apply salve to; <as>as, to <ex>salve</ex> a
wound</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To heal; to remedy; to cure; to make good; to
soothe, as with an ointment, especially by some device, trick, or
quibble; to gloss over.</def>
<q>But Ebranck <qex>salved</qex> both their infamies
With noble deeds.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>What may we do, then, to <qex>salve</qex> this seeming
inconsistence?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<-- salve one's conscience. salve one's wounded pride -->
<hw>Salve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Salvage</er>]</ety> <def>To save, as a ship or goods, from
the perils of the sea.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>
<hw>Salv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who salves,
or uses salve as a remedy; hence, a quacksalver, or quack.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sal"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Salvage</er>.]</ety> <def>A salvor.</def>
<au>Skeat.</au>
<hw>Sal"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>salva</ets> pregustation, the tasting of viands before they
are served, salver, fr. <ets>salvar</ets> to save, to taste, to
prove the food or drink of nobles, from L. <ets>salvare</ets> to
save. See <er>Save</er>.]</ety> <def>A tray or waiter on which
anything is presented.</def>
<-- now used mostly in compounds; e.g. tea salver -->
<hw>Sal"ver-shaped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Tubular, with a speading border. See
<er>Hypocraterimorphous</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sal"vi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
sage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including
the sage. See <er>Sage</er>.</def>
<hw>Sal*vif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>salficus</ets> saving; <ets>salvus</ets> saved, safe +
<ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Tending to save or secure
safety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sal"vo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Salvos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>salvo
jure</ets>, literally, the right being reserved. See
<er>Safe.</er>]</ety> <def>An exception; a reservation; an
excuse.</def>
<q>They admit many <qex>salvos</qex>, cautions, and
reservations.</q>
<qau>Eilon Basilike.</qau>
<hw>Sal"vo</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>salve</ets> a
discharge of heavy cannon, a volley, L. <ets>salve</ets> hail,
imperat. of <ets>salvere</ets> to be well, akin to
<ets>salvus</ets> well. See <er>Safe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A concentrated fire from pieces of
artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification;
a volley.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly
simultaneous, firing of a number of cannon.</def>
<hw>Sal"vor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Salvation</er>, <er>Save</er>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>One who assists in saving a ship or goods at sea, without
being under special obligation to do so.</def>
<au>Wheaton.</au>
<hw>Sam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>same</ets>. See <er>Same</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<def>Together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAll in that city
<xex>sam</xex>.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sa*ma"ra</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>samara</ets>, <ets>samera</ets>, the seed of the elm.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A dry, indehiscent, usually one-seeded,
winged fruit, as that of the ash, maple, and elm; a key or key
fruit.</def>
<hw>Sam"are</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Simar</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa*mar"i*tan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Samaritanus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Samaria,
in Palestine.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or
inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language of
Samaria.</def></def2>
<hw>Sa*ma"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
E. <ets>samar</ets>skite.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare
metallic element of doubtful identity.</def>
<note><hand/ Samarium was discovered, by means of spectrum
analysis, in certain minerals (<xex>samarskite</xex>,
<xex>cerite</xex>, etc.), in which it is associated with other
elements of the earthy group. It has been confounded with the
donbtful elements <xex>decipium</xex>, <xex>philippium</xex>,
etc., and is possibly a complex mixture of elements not as yet
clearly identified. Symbol Sm. Provisional atomic weight
150.2.</note><-- a true element. Symb. Sa or Sm; At. No. 62; At.
wt. 150.43. Valence 2 or 3. -->
<hw>Sam"a*roid</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Samara</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling a samara, or winged seed
vessel.</def>
<hw>Sa*mar"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Simar</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa*mar"skite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[After
<ets>Samarski</ets>, a Russian.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A
rare mineral having a velvet-black color and submetallic luster.
It is a niobate of uranium, iron, and the yttrium and cerium
metals.</def>
<hw>Sam"bo</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>zambo</ets>,
<ets>sambo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A colloquial or humorous appelation
for a negro; sometimes, the offspring of a black person and a
mulatto; a zambo.</def><-- deprecatory and impolite -->
<hw>Sam"boo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Sumbur</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sam*bu"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., an
elder tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs and
trees; the elder.</def>
<hw>Sam"buke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sambuca</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An
ancient stringed instrument used by the Greeks, the particular
construction of which is unknown.</def>
<hw>Sam"bur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.
<ets>s\'bembar</ets>, <ets>s\'bebar</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian deer (<spn>Rusa
Aristotelis</spn>) having a mane on its neck. Its antlers have
but three prongs. Called also <altname>gerow</altname>. The name
is applied to other species of the genus <spn>Rusa</spn>, as the
Bornean sambur (<spn>R. equina</spn>).</def>
<hw>Same</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>same</ets>. adv.; akin to OS. <ets>sama</ets>,
<ets>samo</ets>, adv., OHG. <ets>sam</ets>, a., <ets>sama</ets>,
adv., Icel. <ets>samr</ets>, a., Sw. <ets>samme</ets>,
<ets>samma</ets>, Dan. <ets>samme</ets>, Goth. <ets>sama</ets>,
Russ. <ets>samui</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>sama</ets>, Gr. <?/
like, L. <ets>simul</ets> at the same time, <ets>similis</ets>
like, and E. <ets>some</ets>, a., <ets>-some</ets>. <root/191.
Cf. <er>Anomalous</er>, <er>Assemble</er>, <er>Homeopathy</er>,
<er>Homily</er>, <er>Seem</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, <er>Semi</er>-,
<er>Similar</er>, <er>Some</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not
different or other; not another or others; identical;
unchanged.</def>
<q>Thou art the <qex>same</qex>, and thy years shall have no
end.</q>
<qau>Ps. cii. 27.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of like kind, species, sort, dimensions, or the
like; not differing in character or in the quality or qualities
compared; corresponding; not discordant; similar; like.</def>
<q>The ethereal vigor is in all the <qex>same</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Just mentioned, or just about to be
mentioned.</def>
<q>What ye know, the <qex>same</qex> do I know.</q>
<qau>Job. xiii. 2.</qau>
<q>Do but think how well the <qex>same</qex> he spends,
Who spends his blood his country to relieve.</q>
<qau>Daniel.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Same</xex> is commonly preceded by
<xex>the</xex>, <xex>this</xex>, or <xex>that</xex> and is often
used substantively as in the citations above. In a comparative
use it is followed by <xex>as</xex> or <xex>with</xex>.</note>
<q>Bees like the <qex>same</qex> odors as we do.</q>
<qau>Lubbock.</qau>
<q>[He] held the <qex>same</qex> political opinions with his
illustrious friend.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Same"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sameness,
2.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bayne.</au>
<hw>Same"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of
being the same, identity; abscence of difference; near
resemblance; correspondence; similarity; <as>as, a
<ex>sameness</ex> of person, of manner, of sound, of appearance,
and the like</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>sameness</xex> of the
terms.\'b8
<au>Bp. Horsley.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, want of variety; tedious monotony.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Identity; identicalness; oneness.</syn>
<hw>Sa*mette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Samite</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sa"mi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Samius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the island of
Samos.</def>
<q>Fill high the cup with <qex>Samian</qex> wine.</q>
<qau>Byreon.</qau>
<cs><col>Samian earth</col>, <cd>a species of clay from Samoa,
formerly used in medicine as an astringent.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sa"mi*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of
Samos.</def>
<hw>Sa"mi*el</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.
<ets>sam-yeli</ets>; Ar. <ets>samm</ets> poison + Turk.
<ets>yel</ets> wind. Cf. <er>Simoom</er>.]</ety> <def>A hot and
destructive wind that sometimes blows, in Turkey, from the
desert. It is identical with the <xex>simoom</xex> of Arabia and
the <xex>kamsin</xex> of Syria.</def>
<hw>Sa"mi*ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>samiote</ets>.]</ety> <def>Samian.</def>
<-- p. 1273 -->
<hw>Sa"mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>samit</ets>, LL. <ets>samitum</ets>, <ets>examitum</ets>,
from LGr. <?/, <?/ woven with six threads; Gr. <?/ six + <?/ a
thread. See <er>Six</er>, and cf. <er>Dimity</er>.]</ety> <def>A
species of silk stuff, or taffeta, generally interwoven with
gold.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<q>In silken <qex>samite</qex> she was light arrayed.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Sam"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Salmonet</er>.]</ety> <def>The parr.</def>
<hw>Sam"mi*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A machine for
pressing the water from skins in tanning.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Sa*mo"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly called Navigators'
Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their inhabitants.</def>
-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>An inhabitant of the Samoan
Islands.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Sa"mo*var</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.
<ets>samovar'</ets>.]</ety> <def>A metal urn used in Russia for
making tea. It is filled with water, which is heated by charcoal
placed in a pipe, with chimney attached, which passes through the
urn.</def>
<-- Samoyed. 1. A breed of medium-sized sled dogs, originating
in Siberia, of white or cream color.
2. A Uralic language spoken by the Samoyed people. -->
<hw>Sam`oy*edes"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>;
<sing>sing. <singw>Samoyede</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>.
<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An ignorant and degraded Turanian tribe
which occupies a portion of Northern Russia and a part of
Siberia.</def><-- also <altname>Samoyeds.</altname> -->
<hw>Samp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From American
Indian <ets>s\'bepac</ets>, <ets>saupac</ets>, made soft, or
thinned.]</ety> <def>An article of food consisting of maize
broken or bruised, which is cooked by by boiling, and usually
eaten with milk; coarse hominy.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sam"pan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen
feet long, covered with a house, and sometimes used as a
permanent habitation on the inland waters.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>sanpan</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sam"phire</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. l'herbe de <ets>Saint Pierre</ets>. See <er>Saint</er>,
and <er>Petrel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
fleshy, suffrutescent, umbelliferous European plant
(<spn>Crithmum maritimum</spn>). It grows among rocks and on
cliffs along the seacoast, and is used for pickles.</def>
<q>Hangs one that gathers <qex>samphire</qex>, dreadful
trade!</q>
<qau>Scak.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The species of glasswort (<spn>Salicornia
herbacea</spn>); -- called in England <altname>marsh
samphire</altname></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A seashore shrub
(<spn>Borrichia arborescens</spn>) of the West Indies</def>.
<cs><col>Golden samphire</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Golden</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sam"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sample</ets>, <ets>asaumple</ets>, OF. <ets>essample</ets>,
<ets>example</ets>, fr. L. <ets>exemplum</ets>. See
<er>Example</er>, and cf. <er>Ensample</er>,
<er>Sampler</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Example; pattern.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Spenser.</au> \'bdA <xex>sample</xex> to
the youngest.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>
<q>Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight
His <qex>sample</qex> followed.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A part of anything presented for inspection, or
shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen;
<as>as, goods are often purchased by <ex>samples</ex></as>.</def>
<q>I design this but for a <qex>sample</qex> of what I hope more
fully to discuss.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Specimen; example. See <er>Specimen</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sam"ple</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make or
show something similar to; to match.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take or to test a sample or samples of;
<as>as, to <ex>sample</ex> sugar, teas, wools, cloth</as>.</def>
<hw>Sam"pler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Exampler</er>, <er>Exemplar</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who makes up samples for inspection; one who examines samples, or
by samples; <as>as, a wool <ex>sampler</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pattern; a specimen; especially, a collection
of needlework patterns, as letters, borders, etc., to be used as
samples, or to display the skill of the worker.</def>
<q>Susie dear, bring your <qex>sampler</qex> and Mrs. Schumann
will show you how to make that W you bothered over.</q>
<qau>E. E. Hale.</qau>
<mhw><hw>\'d8Sam"shoo</hw>, <hw>Sam"shu</hw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Chinese
<ets>san-shao</ets> thrice fired.]</ety> <def>A spirituous liquor
distilled by the Chinese from the yeasty liquor in which boiled
rice has fermented under pressure.</def>
<au>S. W. Williams.</au>
<hw>Sam"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An Israelite of
Bible record (see <au>Judges xiii.</au>), distinguished for his
great strength; hence, a man of extraordinary physical
strength.</def>
<cs><col>Samson post</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>A
strong post resting on the keelson, and supporting a beam of the
keelson, and supporting a beam of the deck; also, a temporary or
movable pilar carrying a leading block or pulley for various
purposes.</cd> <au>Brande & C.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In deepwell
boring, the post which supports the walking beam of the
apparatus.</cd></cs>
<hw>San`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being sanable; sanableness;
curableness.</def>
<hw>San"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>sanare</ets> to heal, fr.
<ets>sanus</ets> sound, healthy. See <er>Sane</er>.]</ety>
<def>Capable of being healed or cured; susceptible of
remedy.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Remediable; curable; healable.</syn>
<hw>San"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
sanable.</def>
<hw>Sa*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanatio</ets>. See <er>Sanable</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of
healing or curing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wiseman.</au>
<hw>San"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>sanativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power to cure or
heal; healing; tending to heal; sanatory.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>San"a*tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>San`a*to"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See
<er>Sanatory</er>.]</ety> <def>An establishment for the treatment
of the sick; a resort for invalids. See
<er>Sanitarium</er>.</def>
<hw>San"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>sanatorius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sa<?/are</ets> to heal. See
<er>Sanable</er>.]</ety> <def>Conducive to health; tending to
cure; healing; curative; sanative.</def>
<q><qex>Sanatory</qex> ordinances for the protection of public
health, such as quarantine, fever hospitals, draining, etc.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sanatory</xex> and <xex>sanitary</xex> should
not be confounded. <xex>Sanatory</xex> signifies <xex>conducive
to health</xex>, while <xex>sanitary</xex> has the more general
meaning of <xex>pertaining to health</xex>.</note>
<hw>\'d8San`be*ni"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. &
Pg. <ets>sambenito</ets>, contr. from L. <ets>saccus</ets> sack +
<ets>benedictus</ets> blessed.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anciently,
a sackcloth coat worn by penitens on being reconciled to the
church.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A garnment or cap, or sometimes both, painted
with flames, figures, etc., and worn by persons who had been
examined by the Inquisition and were brought forth for punishment
at the auto-da-f\'82.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sance"-bell"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sanct"te
bell"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<cref>Sanctus bell</cref>, under <er>Sanctus</er>.</def>
<hw>Sanc"ti*fi*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanctificatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>sanctificare</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To sanctify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Sanc`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanctificatio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sanctification</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
sanctifying or making holy; the being sanctified or made holy;
esp. <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, the act of God's grace by which the
affections of men are purified, or alienated from sin and the
world, and exalted to, a supreme love to God; also, the state of
being thus purified or sanctified.</def>
<q>God hath from the baginning chosen you to salvation through
<qex>sanctification</qex> of the Spirit and belief of the
truth.</q>
<qau>2 Thess. ii. 13.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of consecrating, or of setting apart,
for a sacred purpose; consecration.</def>
<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>
<hw>Sanc"ti*fied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made holy;
also, made to have the air of sanctity; sanctimonious.</def>
<hw>Sanc"ti*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sanctifies, or makes holy; specifically, the Holy Spirit.</def>
<hw>Sanc"ti*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sanctified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sanctifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>sanctifier</ets>, L.
<ets>sanctificare</ets>; <ets>sanctus</ets> holy +
<ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Saint</er>, and
<er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make sacred or holy; to
set apart to a holy or religious use; to consecrate by
appropriate rites; to hallow.</def>
<q>God blessed the seventh day and <qex>sanctified</qex> it.</q>
<qau>Gen. ii. 3.</qau>
<q>Moses . . . <qex>sanctified</qex> Aaron and his garnment.</q>
<qau>Lev. viii. 30.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make free from sin; to cleanse from moral
corruption and pollution; to purify.</def>
<q><qex>Sanctify</qex> them through thy truth.</q>
<qau>John xvii. 17.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make efficient as the means of holiness; to
render productive of holiness or piety.</def>
<q>A means which his mercy hath <qex>sanctified</qex> so to me as
to make me repent of that unjust act.</q>
<qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To impart or impute sacredness, venerableness,
inviolability, title to reverence and respect, or the like, to;
to secure from violation; to give sanction to.</def>
<q>The holy man, amazed at what he saw,
Made haste to <qex>sanctify</qex> the bliss by law.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Truth guards the poet, <qex>sanctifies</qex> the line.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Sanc"ti*fy`ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In
a manner or degree tending to sanctify or make holy.</def>
<hw>Sanc*til"o*quent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanctus</ets> holy + <ets>loquens</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Discoursing on heavenly or
holy things, or in a holy manner.</def>
<hw>Sanc`ti*mo"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
LL. <ets>sanctimonialis</ets>. ]</ety> <def>Sanctimonius.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sanctimony</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessing
sanctimony; holy; sacred; saintly.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Making a show of sanctity; affecting
saintliness; hypocritically devout or pious.</def> \'bdLike the
<xex>sanctimonious</xex> pirate.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sanc"ti*mo*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanctimonia</ets>, fr. <ets>sanctus</ets> holy: cf. OF.
<ets>sanctimonie</ets>. See <er>Saint</er>.]</ety> <def>Holiness;
devoutness; scrupulous austerity; sanctity; especially, outward
or artificial saintliness; assumed or pretended holiness;
hypocritical devoutness.</def>
<q>Her pretense is a pilgrimage; . . . which holy undertaking
with most austere <qex>sanctimony</qex> she accomplished.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sanc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanctio</ets>, from <ets>sancire</ets>, <ets>samctum</ets>
to render sacred or inviolable, to fix unalternably: cf. F.
<ets>sanction</ets>. See <er>Saint</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Solemn or ceremonious ratification; an official act of a
superior by which he ratifies and gives validity to the act of
some other person or body; establishment or furtherance of
anything by authority to it; confirmation; approbation.</def>
<q>The strictest professors of reason have added the
<qex>sanction</qex> of their testimony.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything done or said to enforce the will, law,
or authority of another; <as>as, legal
<ex>sanctions</ex></as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Ratification; authorization; authoruty; countenance;
support.</syn>
<hw>Sanc"tion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sanctioned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sanctioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give sanction
to; to ratify; to confirm; to approve.</def>
<q>Would have counseled, or even <qex>sanctioned</qex>, such
perilous experiments.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To ratify; confirm; authorize; countenance.</syn>
<hw>Sanc"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,
pertaining to, or giving, sanction.</def>
<hw>Sanc"ti*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanctitudo</ets>.]</ety> <def>Holiness; sacredness;
sanctity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>milton.</au>
<hw>Sanc"ti*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sanctities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>sanctitas</ets>, from <ets>sanctus</ets> holy. See
<er>Saint</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or quality of
being sacred or holy; holiness; saintliness; moral purity;
godliness.</def>
<q>To <qex>sanctity</qex> she made no pretense, and, indeed,
narrowly escaped the imputation of irreligion.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sacredness; solemnity; inviolability; religious
binding force; <as>as, the <ex>sanctity</ex> of an
oath</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A saint or holy being.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>About him all the <qex>sanctities</qex> of heaven.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Holiness; godliness; piety; devotion; goodness;
purity; religiousness;sacredness; solemnity. See the Note under
<er>Religion</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sanc"tu*a*rize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sanc"tu*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sanctuaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.
<ets>seintuare</ets>, OF. <ets>saintuaire</ets>, F.
<ets>sanctuaire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sanctuarium</ets>, from
<ets>sanctus</ets> sacred, holy. See <er>Saint</er>.]</ety>
<def>A sacred place; a consecrated spot; a holy and inviolable
site.</def> Hence, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The most
retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the <xex>Holy of
Holies</xex>, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into
which no person was permitted to enter except the high priest,
and he only once a year, to intercede for the people; also, the
most sacred part of the tabernacle; also, the temple at
Jerusalem.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The most
sacred part of any religious building, esp. that part of a
Christian church in which the altar is placed.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where
divine service is performed; a church, temple, or other place of
worship.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A sacred and inviolable asylum;
a place of refuge and protection; shelter; refuge;
protection.</def>
<q>These laws, whoever made them, bestowed on temples the
privelege of <qex>sanctuary.</qex></q>
<qau>Milton</qau>.
<q>These admirable works of painting were made fuel for the fire;
but some relics of it took <qex>sanctuary</qex> under ground, and
escaped the common destiny.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<-- <col>Wildlife sanctuary</col>, <cd>a tract of land set aside
by law for the preservation of wildlife, in which no hunting is
permitted.</cd> -->
<hw>Sanc"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., p.p. of
<ets>sanctire</ets> to consecrate.]</ety> <def>A sacred place;
hence, a place of retreat; a room reserved for personal use;
<as>as, an editor's <ex>sanctum</ex></as>.</def>
<cs><col>\'d8Sanctum sanctorum</col> <ety>[L.]</ety> , <cd>the
Holy of Holies; the most holy place, as in the Jewish
temple.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sanc"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanctus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>sancire</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A part of the Mass, or, in
Protestant churches, a part of the communion service, of which
the first words in Latin are <xex>Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus</xex>
[Holy, holy, holy]; -- called also
<altname>Tersanctus</altname>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An anthem composed for these
words.</def>
<cs><col>Sanctus bell</col>, <cd>a small bell usually suspended
in a bell cot at the apex of the nave roof, over the chancel
arch, in medi\'91val churches, but a hand bell is now often used;
-- so called because rung at the singing of the
<xex>sanctus<xex>, at the conclusion of the ordinary of the Mass,
and again at the elevation of the host. Called also <altname>Mass
bell</altname>, <altname>sacring bell</altname>, <altname>saints'
bell</altname>, <altname>sance-bell</altname>, <altname>sancte
bell</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sand</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zand</ets>, G. <ets>sand</ets>,
OHG. <ets>sant</ets>, Icel. <ets>sandr</ets>, Dan. & Sw.
<ets>sand</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fine particles
of stone, esp. of siliceous stone, but not reduced to dust;
comminuted stone in the form of loose grains, which are not
coherent when wet.</def>
<q>That finer matter, called <qex>sand</qex>, is no other than
very small pebbles.</q>
<qau>Woodsward.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A single particle of such stone.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The sand in the hourglass; hence, a moment or
interval of time; the term or extent of one's life.</def>
<q>The <qex>sands</qex> are numbered that make up my life.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Tracts of land consisting of
sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa; also, extensive
tracts of sand exposed by the ebb of the tide.</def> \'bdThe
Libyan <xex>sands</xex>.\'b8 <au>Milton.</au> \'bdThe
<xex>sands</xex> o'Dee.\'b8 <au>C. Kingsley.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Courage; pluck; grit.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<cs><col>Sand badger</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
Japanese badger (<spn>Meles ankuma</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Sand
bag</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bag filled with sand or earth, used
for various purposes, as in fortification, for ballast, etc.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A long bag filled with sand, used as a club by
assassins.</cd> -- <col>Sand ball</col>, <cd>soap mixed with
sand, made into a ball for use at the toilet.</cd> -- <col>Sand
bath</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>A vessel of hot
sand in a laboratory, in which vessels that are to be heated are
partially immersed</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A bath in which the
body is immersed in hot sand.</cd> -- <col>Sand bed</col>, <cd>a
thick layer of sand, whether deposited naturally or artificially;
specifically, a thick layer of sand into which molten metal is
run in casting, or from a reducing furnace.</cd> -- <col>Sand
birds</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a collective name for
numerous species of limicoline birds, such as the sandpipers,
plovers, tattlers, and many others; -- called also <altname>shore
birds</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sand blast</col>, <cd>a process of
engraving and cutting glass and other hard substances by driving
sand against them by a steam jet or otherwise; also, the
apparatus used in the process.</cd> -- <col>Sand box</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A box with a perforated top or cover, for
sprinkling paper with sand</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A box carried
on locomotives, from which sand runs on the rails in front of the
driving wheel, to prevent slipping.</cd> -- <col>Sand-box
tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tropical American tree
(<spn>Hura crepitans</spn>). Its fruit is a depressed many-celled
woody capsule which, when completely dry, bursts with a loud
report and scatters the seeds. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<er>Regma</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sand bug</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American anomuran crustacean
(<spn>Hippa talpoidea</spn>) which burrows in sandy seabeaches.
It is often used as bait by fishermen. See <xex>Illust<xex>.
under <er>Anomura</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sand canal</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a tubular vessel having a calcareous
coating, and connecting the oral ambulacral ring with the
madreporic tubercle. It appears to be excretory in function.</cd>
-- <col>Sand cock</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
redshank.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Sand
collar</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Sand
saucer</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Sand crab</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The lady crab</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A land crab, or ocypodian.</cd> -- <col>Sand
crack</col> <fld>(Far.)</fld>, <cd>a crack extending downward
from the coronet, in the wall of a horse's hoof, which often
causes lameness.</cd> -- <col>Sand cricket</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of large
terrestrial crickets of the genus <spn>Stenophelmatus</spn> and
allied genera, native of the sandy plains of the Western United
States.</cd> -- <col>Sand cusk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>any ophidiod fish. See <er>Illust</er>. under
<er>Ophidiod</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sand dab</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small American flounder
(<spn>Limanda ferruginea</spn>); -- called also <altname>rusty
dab</altname>. The name is also applied locally to other allied
species.</cd> -- <col>Sand darter</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>a small etheostomoid fish of the Ohio valley (<spn>Ammocrypta
pellucida</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Sand dollar</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of small
flat circular sea urchins, which live on sandy bottoms,
especially <xex>Echinarachnius parma<xex> of the American
coast.</cd> -- <col>Sand drift</col>, <cd>drifting sand; also, a
mound or bank of drifted sand.</cd> -- <col>Sand eel</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A lant, or launce</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A slender Pacific Ocean fish of the genus
<spn>Gonorhynchus</spn>, having barbels about the mouth.</cd> --
<col>Sand flag</col>, <cd>sandstone which splits up into
flagstones.</cd> -- <col>Sand flea</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any species of flea which inhabits, or breeds
in, sandy places, especially the common dog flea</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>the chigoe</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Any leaping
amphipod crustacean; a beach flea, or orchestian</cd>. See
<cref>Beach flea</cref>, under <er>Beach</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sand
flood</col>, <cd>a vast body of sand borne along by the
wind.</cd> <au>James Bruce.</au> -- <col>Sand fluke</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The sandnecker</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The European smooth dab (<spn>Pleuronectes
microcephalus</spn>); -- called also <altname>kitt</altname>,
<altname>marysole</altname>, <altname>smear dab</altname>,
<altname>town dab</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sand fly</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of small
dipterous flies of the genus <spn>Simulium</spn>, abounding on
sandy shores, especially <spn>Simulium nocivum</spn> of the
United States. They are very troublesome on account of their
biting habits. Called also <altname>no-see-um</altname>,
<altname>punky</altname>, and <altname>midge</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Sand gall</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Sand
pipe</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Sand grass</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any species of grass which grows in sand;
especially, a tufted grass (<spn>Triplasis purpurea</spn>) with
numerous bearded joints, and acid awl-shaped leaves, growing on
the Atlantic coast.</cd> <-- p. 1274 --> -- <col>Sand
grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of many species
of Old World birds belonging to the suborder Pterocletes, and
resembling both grouse and pigeons. Called also <altname>rock
grouse</altname>, <altname>rock pigeon</altname>, and
<altname>ganga</altname>. They mostly belong to the genus
<spn>Pterocles</spn>, as the common Indian species (<spn>P.
exustus</spn>). The large sand grouse (<spn>P. arenarius</spn>),
the painted sand grouse (<spn>P. fasciatus</spn>), and the
pintail sand grouse (<spn>P. alchata</spn>) are also found in
India. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Pterocletes</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sand hill</col>, <cd>a hill of sand; a dune.</cd> --
<col>Sand-hill crane</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
American brown crane (<spn>Grus Mexicana</spn>).</cd> --
<col>Sand hopper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beach flea;
an orchestian.</cd> -- <col>Sand hornet</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sand wasp.</cd> -- <col>Sand
lark</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small lark
(<spn>Alaudala raytal</spn>), native of India</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>A small sandpiper, or plover, as the ringneck, the
sanderling, and the common European sandpiper</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<cd>The Australian red-capped dotterel (<spn>\'92gialophilus
ruficapillus</spn>); -- called also <altname>red-necked
plover</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sand launce</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a lant, or launce.</cd> -- <col>Sand
lizard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common European lizard
(<spn>Lacerta agilis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Sand martin</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the bank swallow.</cd> -- <col>Sand
mole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the coast rat.</cd> --
<col>Sand monitor</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large
Egyptian lizard (<spn>Monitor arenarius</spn>) which inhabits dry
localities.</cd> -- <col>Sand mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the dunlin.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Sand
myrtle</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Myrtle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sand partridge</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>either of two small Asiatic partridges
of the genus <spn>Ammoperdix</spn>. The wings are long and the
tarsus is spurless. One species (<spn>A. Heeji</spn>) inhabits
Palestine and Arabia. The other species (<spn>A. Bonhami</spn>),
inhabiting Central Asia, is called also <altname>seesee
partridge</altname>, and <altname>teehoo</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Sand picture</col>, <cd>a picture made by putting sand of
different colors on an adhesive surface.</cd> -- <col>Sand
pike</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The
sauger</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The lizard fish.</cd> -- <col>Sand
pillar</col>, <cd>a sand storm which takes the form of a whirling
pillar in its progress in desert tracts like those of the Sahara
and Mongolia.</cd> -- <col>Sand pipe</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>,
<cd>a tubular cavity, from a few inches to several feet in dept,
occurring especially in calcareous rocks, and often filled with
gravel, sand, etc.; -- called also <altname>sand
gall</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sand pride</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small british lamprey now considered
to be the young of larger species; -- called also <altname>sand
prey</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sand pump</col>, <cd>in artesian
well boring, a long, slender bucket with a valve at the bottom
for raising sand from the well.</cd> -- <col>Sand rat</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pocket gopher.</cd> -- <col>Sand
rock</col>, <cd>a rock made of cemented sand.</cd> -- <col>Sand
runner</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the turnstone.</cd> --
<col>Sand saucer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the mass of egg
capsules, or o\'94thec\'91, of any mollusk of the genus
<spn>Natica</spn> and allied genera. It has the shape of a
bottomless saucer, and is coated with fine sand; -- called also
<altname>sand collar</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sand screw</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an amphipod crustacean
(<spn>Lepidactylis arenarius</spn>), which burrows in the sandy
seabeaches of Europe and America.</cd> -- <col>Sand shark</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American shark (<spn>Odontaspis
littoralis</spn>) found on the sandy coasts of the Eastern United
States; -- called also <altname>gray shark</altname>, and
<altname>dogfish shark</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Remora</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sand skink</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of Old
World lizards belonging to the genus <spn>Seps</spn>; <as>as, the
ocellated <ex>sand skink</ex> (<spn>Seps ocellatus</spn>) of
Southern Europe</as>.</cd> -- <col>Sand skipper</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beach flea, or orchestian.</cd> --
<col>Sand smelt</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
silverside.</cd> -- <col>Sand snake</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any one of several species of harmless burrowing
snakes of the genus <spn>Eryx</spn>, native of Southern Europe,
Africa, and Asia, especially <spn>E. Jaculus</spn> of India and
<spn>E. Johnii</spn>, used by snake charmers.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>Any innocuous South African snake of the genus
<spn>Psammophis</spn>, especially <spn>P. sibilans</spn>.</cd> --
<col>Sand snipe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
sandpiper.</cd> -- <col>Sand star</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>an ophiurioid starfish living on sandy sea bottoms; a brittle
star.</cd> -- <col>Sand storm</col>, <cd>a cloud of sand driven
violently by the wind.</cd> -- <col>Sand sucker</col>, <cd>the
sandnecker.</cd> -- <col>Sand swallow</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the bank swallow. See under
<er>Bank</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sand tube</col>, <cd>a tube made of
sand.</def> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tube of vitrified
sand, produced by a stroke of lightning; a fulgurite</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any tube made of cemented
sand</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.<def>)</fld> In
starfishes, a tube having calcareous particles in its wall, which
connects the oral water tube with the madreporic plate.</cd> --
<col>Sand viper</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hognose
snake</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sand wasp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects
belonging to the families <spn>Pompilid\'91</spn> and
<spn>Spherid\'91</spn>, which dig burrows in sand. The female
provisions the nest with insects or spiders which she paralyzes
by stinging, and which serve as food for her young.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sanded</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Sanding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
sprinkle or cover with sand.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To drive upon the sand.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Burton.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bury (oysters) beneath drifting sand or
mud.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To mix with sand for purposes of fraud; <as>as,
to <ex>sand</ex> sugar</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<-- 5. To grind down or make smooth by rubbing with an abrasive
object, esp. with sandpaper; to sand down -->
<hw>San"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sendal</er>.</def>
<q>Sails of silk and ropes of <qex>sandal</qex>.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>San"dal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sandalwood.</def> \'bdFans
of <xex>sandal</xex>.\'b8
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>San"dal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sandale</ets>, L.
<ets>sandalium</ets>, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/, probably from Per.
<ets>sandal</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of shoe
consisting of a sole strapped to the foot; a protection for the
foot, covering its lower surface, but not its upper.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of slipper.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An
overshoe with parallel openings across the instep.</def>
<hw>San"daled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Wearing sandals.</def>
<q>The measured footfalls of his <qex>sandaled</qex> feet.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Made like a sandal.</def>
<hw>San*dal"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sandal</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a sandal or slipper.</def>
<hw>San"dal*wood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sandal</ets>, <ets>santal</ets>, fr. Ar.
<ets><cced/andal</ets>, or Gr. <grk>sa`ntalon</grk>; both
ultimately fr. Skr. <ets>candana</ets>. Cf.
<er>Sanders</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
highly perfumed yellowish heartwood of an East Indian and
Polynesian tree (<spn>Santalum album</spn>), and of several other
trees of the same genus, as the Hawaiian <spn>Santalum
Freycinetianum</spn> and <spn>S. pyrularium</spn>, the Australian
<spn>S. latifolium</spn>, etc. The name is extended to several
other kinds of fragrant wood.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any tree of
the genus <spn>Santalum</spn>, or a tree which yields
sandalwood.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The red wood of a kind of
buckthorn, used in Russia for dyeing leather (<spn>Rhamnus
Dahuricus</spn>).</def>
<cs><col>False sandalwood</col>, <cd>the fragrant wood of several
trees not of the genus <spn>Santalum</spn>, as <spn>Ximenia
Americana</spn>, <spn>Myoporum tenuifolium</spn> of Tahiti.</cd>
-- <col>Red sandalwood</col>, <cd>a heavy, dark red dyewood,
being the heartwood of two leguminous trees of India
(<spn>Pterocarpus santalinus</spn>, and <spn>Adenanthera
pavonina</spn>); -- called also <altname>red
sanderswood</altname>, <altname>sanders</altname> or
<altname>saunders</altname>, and
<altname>rubywood</altname>.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>San"da*rach</hw>, <hw>San"da*rac</hw> }</mhw>,
<pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>sandaraca</ets>, Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Realgar; red
sulphide of arsenic.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot. Chem.)</fld> <def>A white or yellow resin
obtained from a Barbary tree (<spn>Callitris quadrivalvis</spn>
or <spn>Thuya articulata</spn>), and pulverized for pounce; --
probably so called from a resemblance to the mineral.</def>
<hw>Sand"bag`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
assaulter whose weapon is a sand bag. See <cref>Sand bag</cref>,
under <er>Sand</er>.</def>
<hw>Sand"-blind"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>sam blind</ets> half blind; AS. <ets>s\'bem-</ets> half
(akin to <ets>semi</ets>-) + <ets>blind</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having
defective sight; dim-sighted; purblind.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sand"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Covered or
sprinkled with sand; sandy; barren.</def>
<au>Thomson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Marked with small spots; variegated with spots;
speckled; of a sandy color, as a hound.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Short-sighted.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>San`de*ma"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.
Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Robert <xex>Sandeman</xex>, a
Scotch sectary of the eighteenth century. See
<er>Glassite</er>.</def>
<hw>San`de*ma"ni*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
faith or system of the Sandemanians.</def>
<au>A. Fuller.</au>
<hw>San"der*ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sand</ets> + <ets>0ling</ets>. So called because it
obtains its food by searching the moist sands of the
seashore.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small gray and
brown sandpiper (<spn>Calidris arenaria</spn>) very common on
sandy beaches in America, Europe, and Asia. Called also
<altname>curwillet</altname>, <altname>sand lark</altname>,
<altname>stint</altname>, and <altname>ruddy
plover</altname>.</def>
<hw>San"ders</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sandal</er>.]</ety> <def>An old name of sandalwood, now
applied only to the red sandalwood. See under
<er>Sandalwood</er>.</def>
<hw>San"ders-blue"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Saundersblue</er>.</def>
<hw>San"de*ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sandiver</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sand"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small marine fish of the Pacific
coast of North America (<spn>Trichodon trichodon</spn>) which
buries itself in the sand.</def>
<hw>Sand"glass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
instrument for measuring time by the running of sand. See
<er>Hourglass</er>.</def>
<hw>Sand"hill`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A nickname
given to any \'bdpoor white\'b8 living in the pine woods which
cover the sandy hills in Georgia and South Carolina.</def>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sand"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being sandy, or of being of a sandy color.</def>
<hw>Sand"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Approaching the nature of
sand; loose; not compact.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<hw>San"di*ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. fr.
OF. <ets>sa\'8bn</ets> grease, fat + <ets>de</ets> of +
<ets>verre</ets> glass (cf. <er>Saim</er>), or fr. F. <ets>sel de
verre</ets> sandiver.]</ety> <def>A whitish substance which is
cast up, as a scum, from the materials of glass in fusion, and,
floating on the top, is skimmed off; -- called also
<altname>glass gall</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written
also <asp>sandever</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>\'d8San"dix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sandix</ets>, <ets>sandyx</ets>, vermilion, or a color like
vermilion, Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <def>A kind of minium, or red
lead, made by calcining carbonate of lead, but inferior to true
minium.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>sandyx</asp>.]</altsp>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sand"man`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mythical
person who makes children sleepy, so that they rub their eyes as
if there were sand in them.</def>
<hw>Sand"neck`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European flounder
(<spn>Hippoglossoides limandoides</spn>); -- called also
<altname>rough dab</altname>, <altname>long fluke</altname>,
<altname>sand fluke</altname>, and <altname>sand
sucker</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sand"pa`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Paper
covered on one side with sand glued fast, -- used for smoothing
and polishing.</def>
<hw>Sand"pa`per</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To smooth or polish
with sandpaper; <as>as, to <ex>sandpaper</ex> a door</as>.</def>
<hw>Sand"pi`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small
limicoline game birds belonging to <spn>Tringa</spn>,
<spn>Actodromas</spn>, <spn>Ereunetes</spn>, and various allied
genera of the family <spn>Tringid\'91</spn>.</def>
<note><hand/ The most important North American species are the
pestoral sandpiper (<spn>Tringa maculata</spn>), called also
<altname>browback</altname>, <altname>grass snipe</altname>, and
<altname>jacksnipe</altname>; the red-backed, or black-breasted,
sandpiper, or dunlin (<spn>T. alpina</spn>); the purple sandpiper
(<spn>T.maritima</spn>: the red-breasted sandpiper, or knot
(<spn>T. canutus</spn>); the semipalmated sandpiper
(<spn>Ereunetes pusillus</spn>); the spotted sandpiper, or
teeter-tail (<spn>Actitis macularia</spn>); the buff-breasted
sandpiper (<spn>Tryngites subruficollis</spn>), and the
Bartramian sandpiper, or upland plover. See under
<er>Upland</er>. Among the European species are the dunlin, the
knot, the ruff, the sanderling, and the common sandpiper
(<spn>Actitis, <or/ tringoides, hypoleucus</spn>), called also
<altname>fiddler</altname>, <altname>peeper</altname>,
<altname>pleeps</altname>, <altname>weet-weet</altname>, and
<altname>summer snipe</altname>. Some of the small plovers and
tattlers are also called <xex>sandpipers</xex>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small lamprey eel; the
pride.</def>
<cs><col>Curlew sandpiper</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Curlew</er>.</cd> -- <col>Stilt sandpiper</col>. <cd>See
under <er>Stilt</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sand"pit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pit or
excavation from which sand is or has been taken.</def>
<hw>San"dre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Russian fish (<spn>Lucioperca
sandre</spn>) which yields a valuable oil, called <xex>sandre
oil</xex>, used in the preparation of caviare.</def>
<hw>Sand"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rock made
of sand more or less firmly united. Common or siliceous sandstone
consists mainly of quartz sand.</def>
<note><hand/ Different names are aplied to the various kinds of
sandstone according to their composition; as,
<xex>granitic</xex>, <xex>argillaceous</xex>,
<xex>micaceous</xex>, etc.</note>
<cs><col>Flexible sandstone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>the
finer-grained variety of itacolumite, which on account of the
scales of mica in the lamination is quite flexible.</cd> --
<col>Red sandstone</col>, <cd>a name given to two extensive
series of British rocks in which red sandstones predominate, one
below, and the other above, the coal measures. These were
formerly known as the <xex>Old<xex> and the <xex>New Red
Sandstone<xex> respectively, and the former name is still
retained for the group preceding the Coal and referred to the
Devonian age, but the term <xex>New Red Sandstone<xex> is now
little used, some of the strata being regarded as Permian and the
remained as Triassic. See the <xex>Chart<xex> of
<er>Geology</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sand"wich</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named
from the Earl of <ets>Sandwich</ets>.]</ety> <def>Two pieces of
bread and butter with a thin slice of meat, cheese, or the like,
between them.</def>
<-- 2. Any food composed of two pieces of bread with another food
in between.
3. Any object composed of two layers of one subtance on either
side of a second substance. -->
<hw>Sand"wich</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sandwiched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sandwiching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make into a
sandwich; also, figuratively, to insert between portions of
something dissimilar; to form of alternate parts or things, or
alternating layers of a different nature; to interlard.</def>
<hw>Sand"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of numerous
species of annelids which burrow in the sand of the
seashore.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any species of annelids of the
genus <spn>Sabellaria</spn>. They construct firm tubes of
agglutinated sand on rocks and shells, and are sometimes
destructive to oysters.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The chigoe, a
species of flea.</def>
<hw>Sand"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Arenaria</spn>, low, tufted
herbs (order <spn>Caryophyllace\'91</spn>.)</def>
<-- "of" missing? -->
<hw>Sand"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sandier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sandiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sandig</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of,
abounding with, or resembling, sand; full of sand; covered or
sprinkled with sand; <as>as, a <ex>sandy</ex> desert, road, or
soil</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of the color of sand; of a light yellowish red
color; <as>as, <ex>sandy</ex> hair</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8San"dyx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>See <er>Sandix</er>.</def>
<hw>Sane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanus</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, safe, sound. Cf.
<er>Sound</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Being in a
healthy condition; not deranged; acting rationally; -- said of
the mind.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Mentally sound; possessing a rational mind;
having the mental faculties in such condition as to be able to
anticipate and judge of the effect of one's actions in an
ordinary maner; -- said of persons.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Sound; healthy; underanged; unbroken.</syn>
<hw>Sane"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being sane;
sanity.</def>
<hw>Sang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Sing</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8San"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>San"gu</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The Abyssinian ox (<spn>Bos <or/ Bibos, Africanus</spn>),
noted for the great length of its horns. It has a hump on its
back.</def>
<hw>San`ga*ree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>sangria</ets>, lit., bleeding, from <ets>sangre</ets>,
blood, L. <ets>sanguis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wine and water
sweetened and spiced, -- a favorite West Indian drink.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sang`-froid"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,
cold blood.]</ety> <def>Freedom from agitation or excitement of
mind; coolness in trying circumstances; indifference;
calmness.</def>
<au>Burke.</au>
<hw>San"gi*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sanjak</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>San`graal"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>San"gre*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Saint</er>, and
<er>Grail</er>.]</ety> <def>See <cref>Holy Grail</cref>, under
<er>Grail</er>.</def>
<hw>San*guif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanguis</ets> blood + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Conveying blood; <as>as,
<ex>sanguiferous</ex> vessels, <it>i. e.</it>, the arteries,
veins, capillaries.</def>
<hw>San`gui*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>sanguification</ets>. See <er>Sanguify</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The production of blood; the
conversion of the products of digestion into blood;
hematosis.</def>
<hw>San"gui*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
producer of blood.</def>
<hw>San*guif"lu*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanguis</ets> blood + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow.]</ety>
<def>Flowing or running with blood.</def>
<hw>San"gui*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanguis</ets> blood + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sanguifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To produce blood from.</def>
<hw>San*guig"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanguis</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing
blood; <as>as, <ex>sanguigenous</ex> food</as>.</def>
<hw>San`gui*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Of a
blood-red color; sanguine.</def>
<hw>\'d8San`gui*na"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Sanguinary</er>, <pos>a.</pos> &
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus
of plants of the Poppy family.</def>
<note><hand/ <spn>Sanguinaria Canadensis</spn>, or bloodroot, is
the only species. It has a perennial rootstock, which sends up a
few roundish lobed leaves and solitary white blossoms in early
spring. See <er>Bloodroot</er>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The rootstock of the bloodroot, used in medicine
as an emetic, etc.</def>
<hw>San"gui*na*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
sanguinary manner.</def>
<hw>San"gui*na*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or
state of being sanguinary.</def>
<hw>San"gui*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanguinarius</ets>, fr. <ets>sanguis</ets> blood: cf.
F.<ets>sanguinaire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Attended with
much bloodshed; bloody; murderous; <as>as, a <ex>sanguinary</ex>
war, contest, or battle</as>.</def>
<q>We may not propagate religion by wars, or by
<qex>sanguinary</qex> persecutions to force consciences.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bloodthirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood.</def>
<q>Passion . . . makes us brutal and <qex>sanguinary</qex>.</q>
<qau>Broome.</qau>
<hw>San"gui*na*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>herba
sanguinaria</ets> an herb that stanches blood: cf. F.
<ets>sanguinaire</ets>. See <er>Sanguinary</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
yarrow.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Sanguinaria.</def>
<-- p. 1275 -->
<hw>San"guine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sanguin</ets>, L. <ets>sanguineus</ets>, fr.
<ets>sanguis</ets> blood. Cf. <er>Sanguineous</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the color of blood; red.</def>
<q>Of his complexion he was <qex>sanguine</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Like to that <qex>sanguine</qex> flower inscribed with
woe.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by abundance and active
circulation of blood; <as>as, a <ex>sanguine</ex> bodily
temperament</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Warm; ardent; <as>as, a <ex>sanguine</ex>
temper</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anticipating the best; not desponding;
confident; full of hope; <as>as, <ex>sanguine</ex> of
success</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Warm; ardent; lively; confident; hopeful.</syn>
<hw>San"guine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Blood color;
red.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything of a blood-red, as cloth.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>In <qex>sanguine</qex> and in pes he clad was all.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Bloodstone.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Red crayon. See the Note under <er>Crayon</er>,
1.</def>
<hw>San"guine</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To stain with blood; to
impart the color of blood to; to ensanguine.</def>
<hw>San"guine*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of blood;
pale.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>San"guine</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sanguine
manner.</def>
<q>I can not speculate quite so <qex>sanguinely</qex> as he
does.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<hw>San"guine*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
sanguine.</def>
<hw>San*guin"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanguineus</ets>. See <er>Sanguine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Abounding with blood; sanguine.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to blood; bloody; constituting
blood.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Blood-red; crimson.</def>
<au>Keats.</au>
<hw>san*guin"i*ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
sanguine; sanguineness.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>San"gui*niv"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanguis + vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <def>Subsisting on
blood.</def>
<hw>San*guin"o*len*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
state of being sanguinolent, or bloody.</def>
<hw>San*guin"o*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanguinolentus</ets>, from <ets>sanguis</ets> blood: cf. F.
<ets>sanguinolent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tinged or mingled with
blood; bloody; <as>as, <ex>sanguinolent</ex> sputa</as>.</def>
<hw>San"gui*suge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanguisuga</ets>; <ets>sanguis</ets> blood +
<ets>sugere</ets> to suck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
bloodsucker, or leech.</def>
<hw>San*guiv"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanguis</ets> blood + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Subsisting upon blood; -- said of
certain blood-sucking bats and other animals. See
<er>Vampire</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>San"he*drin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>San"he*drim</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.
<ets>sanhedr\'c6n</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ a seat, fr.
<?/ to sit. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld>
<def>the great council of the Jews, which consisted of seventy
members, to whom the high priest was added. It had jurisdiction
of religious matters.</def>
<hw>San"he*drist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member
of the sanhedrin.</def>
<au>Schaeffer (Lange's Com. ).</au>
<hw>\'d8San"hi*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.
<ets>samhita</ets>, properly, combination.]</ety> <def>A
collection of vedic hymns, songs, or verses, forming the first
part of each Veda.</def>
<hw>San"i*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from L.
<ets>sanare</ets> to heal.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any
plant of the umbelliferous genus <spn>Sanicula</spn>, reputed to
have healing powers.</def>
<hw>San"i*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/.
<?/, a board. So called in allusion to the tabular
crystals.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of orthoclase
feldspar common in certain eruptive rocks, as trachyte; -- called
also <altname>glassy feldspar</altname>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa"ni*es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A thin, serous fluid commonly discharged
from ulcers or foul wounds.</def>
<hw>Sa"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanious</ets>, fr. <ets>sanies</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sanieux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature and
appearance; thin and serous, with a slight bloody tinge; <as>as,
the <ex>sanious</ex> matter of an ulcer</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>Discharging sanies; <as>as, a
<ex>sanious</ex> ulcer</as>.</def>
<hw>San`i*ta"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to health, or the laws of health; sanitary.</def>
<hw>San`i*ta"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An advocate of
sanitary measures; one especially interested or versed in
sanitary measures.</def>
<hw>San"i*ta*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sanitarian.</def>
<hw>San`i*ta"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See
<er>Sanitary</er>.]</ety> <def>A health station or retreat; a
sanatorium.</def> \'bdA <xex>sanitarium</xex> for troops.\'b8
<au>L. Oliphant.</au>
<hw>San"i*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sanitas</ets> health: cf. F. <ets>sanitaire</ets>. See
<er>Sanity</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to health; designed
to secure or preserve health; relating to the preservation or
restoration of health; hygienic; <as>as, <ex>sanitary</ex>
regulations</as>. See the Note under <er>Sanatory</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Sanitary Commission</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Commission</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- sanitary napkin, an absorbant pad worn to absorb the
menstrual flow of women. -->
<hw>San`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of rendering sanitary; the science of sanitary conditions; the
preservation of health; the use of sanitary measures;
hygiene.</def>
<q>How much <qex>sanitation</qex> has advanced during the last
half century.</q>
<qau>H. Hartshorne.</qau>
<hw>San"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saniras</ets>, from <ets>sanus</ets> sound, healthy. See
<er>Sane</er>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being
sane; soundness of health of body or mind, especially of the
mind; saneness.</def>
<hw>San"jak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.
<ets>sanj\'beg</ets>.]</ety> <def>A district or a subvision of a
vilayet.</def> <mark>[Turkey]</mark>
<hw>Sank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Sink</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sank"ha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.
<ets><cced/ankha</ets> a shell.]</ety> <def>A chank shell
(<spn>Turbinella pyrum</spn>); also, a shell bracelet or necklace
made in India from the chank shell.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sankh"ya</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Hindoo
system of philosophy which refers all things to soul and a
rootless germ called <xex>prakriti</xex>, consisting of three
elements, goodness, passion, and darkness.</def>
<au>Whitworth.</au>
<hw>San"nop</hw> <pr>(s<acr/n"n<ocr/p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>same as <er>Sannup</er>.</def>
<au>Bancroft.</au>
<hw>San"nup</hw> <pr>(-n<ucr/p)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A male
Indian; a brave; -- correlative of <xex>squaw</xex>.</def>
<hw>San"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
sandpiper.</def> <mark>[prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sans</hw> <pr>(s<aum/n; E. s<acr/nz)</pr>,
<pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[F., from L. <ets>sine</ets>
without.]</ety> <def>Without; deprived or destitute of. Rarely
used as an English word.</def> \'bd<xex>Sans</xex> fail.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q><qex>Sans</qex> teeth, <qex>sans</qex> eyes, <qex>sans</qex>
taste, <qex>sans</qex> everything.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>San"scrit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sanskrit</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sans`-cu`lotte"</hw> <pr>(F. ?; E. <?/)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., without breeches.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A fellow without breeches; a ragged fellow; -- a name of
reproach given in the first French revolution to the extreme
republican party, who rejected breeches as an emblem peculiar to
the upper classes or aristocracy, and adopted pantaloons.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, an extreme or radical republican; a
violent revolutionist; a Jacobin.</def>
<hw>Sans`-cu*lot"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>pertaining to, or involving, sans-culottism; radical;
revolutionary; Jacobinical.</def>
<au>Carlyle.</au>
<hw>Sans`-cu*lot"tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sans-culottisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Extreme republican
principles; the principles or practice of the
<xex>sans-culottes</xex>.</def>
<hw>San"skrit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.
<ets>Samsk<rsdot/ta</ets> the Sanskrit language, literally, the
perfect, polished, or classical language, fr.
<ets>samsk<rsdot/ta</ets> prepared, wrought, made,excellent,
perfect; <ets>sam</ets> together (akin to E. <ets>same</ets>) +
<ets>k<rsdot/ta</ets> made. See <er>Same</er>,
<er>Create</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>Sanscrit</asp>.]</altsp> <def>The ancient language of the
Hindoos, long since obsolete in vernacular use, but preserved to
the present day as the literary and sacred dialect of India. It
is nearly allied to the Persian, and to the principal languages
of Europe, classical and modern, and by its more perfect
preservation of the roots and forms of the primitive language
from which they are all descended, is a most important assistance
in determining their history and relations. Cf. <er>Prakrit</er>,
and <er>Veda</er>.</def>
<hw>San"skrit</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to
Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit; <as>as, a <ex>Sanskrit</ex>
dictionary or inscription</as>.</def>
<hw>San*skrit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sanskrit.</def>
<hw>San"skrit*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One versed in
Sanskrit.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sans`-sou`ci</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Without care; free and easy.</def>
<hw>San"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sant</ets>alum + piperon<ets>al</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline substance,
isomeric with piperonal, but having weak acid properties. It is
extracted from sandalwood.</def>
<hw>San`ta*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of
plants <fld>(Santalace\'91)</fld>, of which the genus
<spn>Santalum</spn> is the type, and which includes the buffalo
nut and a few other North American plants, and many peculiar
plants of the southern hemisphere.</def>
<hw>San*tal"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or obtained from,
sandalwood (<spn>Santalum</spn>); -- used specifically to
designate an acid obtained as a resinous or red crystalline
dyestuff, which is called also <xex>santalin</xex>.</def>
<hw>San"ta*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>santaline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Santalic
acid. See <er>Santalic</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8San"ta*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See
<er>Sandalwood</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of
trees with entire opposite leaves and small apetalous flowers.
There are less than a dozen species, occuring from India to
Australia and the Pacific Islands. See <er>Sandalwood</er>.</def>
<hw>San`tees"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.
<singw>Santee</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>
<def>One of the seven confederated tribes of Indians belonging to
the Sioux, or Dakotas.</def>
<hw>San"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Saunter</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8San"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>santon</ets>, augment fr. <ets>santo</ets> holy, L.
<ets>sanctus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Turkish saint; a kind of
dervish, regarded by the people as a saint: also, a hermit.</def>
<hw>San"to*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of santonic acid.</def>
<hw>San*ton"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an
acid (distinct from santoninic acid) obtained from santonin as a
white crystalline substance.</def>
<hw>San"to*nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>herba santonica</ets>, a kind of plant, fr.
<ets>Santoni</ets> a people of Aquitania; cf. Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>santonine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white
crystalline substance having a bitter taste, extracted from the
buds of levant wormseed and used as an anthelmintic. It
occassions a peculiar temporary color blindness, causing objects
to appear as if seen through a yellow glass.</def>
<hw>San"to*nin`ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of santoninic acid.</def>
<hw>San`to*nin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to santonin; -- used
specifically to designate an acid not known in the free state,
but obtained in its salts.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa"o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marine annelid of the genus
<spn>Hyalin\'91cia</spn>, especially <spn>H. tubicola</spn> of
Europe, which inhabits a transparent movable tube resembling a
quill in color and texture.</def>
<hw>Sap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>s\'91p</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>saf</ets>, G.
<ets>saft</ets>, Icel. <ets>safi</ets>; of uncertain origin;
possibly akin to L. <ets>sapere</ets> to taste, to be wise,
<ets>sapa</ets> must or new wine boiled thick. Cf.
<er>Sapid</er>, <er>Sapient</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and
descending juices or circulating fluid essential to
nutrition.</def>
<note><hand/ The ascending is the <xex>crude</xex> sap, the
assimilation of which takes place in the leaves, when it becomes
the <xex>elaborated</xex> sap suited to the growth of the
plant.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A simpleton; a saphead; a milksop.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<cs><col>Sap ball</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any large fungus
of the genus Polyporus. See <er>Polyporus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sap
green</col>, <cd>a dull light green pigment prepared from the
juice of the ripe berries of the <spn>Rhamnus catharticus</spn>,
or buckthorn. It is used especially by water-color artists.</cd>
-- <col>Sap rot</col>, <cd>the dry rot. See under
<er>Dry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sap sucker</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of small
American woodpeckers of the genus <spn>Sphyrapicus</spn>,
especially the yellow-bellied woodpecker (<spn>S. varius</spn>)
of the Eastern United States. They are so named because they
puncture the bark of trees and feed upon the sap. The name is
loosely applied to other woodpeckers.</cd> -- <col>Sap tube</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a vessel that conveys sap.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sap</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Saped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>saper</ets> (cf. Sp.
<ets>zapar</ets>, It. <ets>zapare</ets>), fr. <ets>sape</ets> a
sort of scythe, LL. <ets>sappa</ets> a sort of mattock.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine;
to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.</def>
<q>Nor safe their dwellings were, for <qex>sapped</qex> by
floods,
Their houses fell upon their household gods.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To pierce with saps.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to
weaken.</def>
<q>Ring out the grief that <qex>saps</qex> the mind.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Sap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To proceed by
mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps.</def>
<au>W. P. Craighill.</au>
<q>Both assaults carried on by <qex>sapping</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tatler.</qau>
<hw>Sap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A narrow ditch
or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or
covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions,
etc.</def>
<cs><col>Sap fagot</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a fascine about
three feet long, used in sapping, to close the crevices between
the gabions before the parapet is made.</cd> -- <col>Sap
roller</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a large gabion, six or seven
feet long, filled with fascines, which the sapper sometimes rolls
along before him for protection from the fire of an
enemy.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sap`a*dil"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sapodila</er>.</def>
<hw>Sap"a*jo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sapajou.</def>
<hw>Sap"a*jou</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sapajou</ets>, <ets>sajou</ets>, Braz.
<ets>sajuassu</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of
several species of South American monkeys of the genus
<spn>Cebus</spn>, having long and prehensile tails. Some of the
species are called also <stype>capuchins</stype>. The bonnet
sapajou (<spn>C. subcristatus</spn>), the golden-handed sapajou
(<spn>C. chrysopus</spn>), and the white-throated sapajou
(<spn>C. hypoleucus</spn>) are well known species. See
<er>Capuchin</er>.</def>
<hw>Sa*pan" wood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Malay
<ets>sapang</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A dyewood
yielded by <spn>C\'91salpinia Sappan</spn>, a thorny leguminous
tree of Southern Asia and the neighboring islands. It is the
original Brazil wood.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>sappan
wood</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sap"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in
sap; sappy.</def>
<hw>Sap"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
weak-minded, stupid fellow; a milksop.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>
<hw>Sa*phe"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
manifest.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Manifest;
-- applied to the two principal superficial veins of the lower
limb of man.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the
region of, the saphenous veins; <as>as, the <ex>saphenous</ex>
nerves; the <ex>saphenous</ex> opening, an opening in the broad
fascia of the thigh through which the internal saphenous vein
passes</as>.</def>
<hw>Sap"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sapidus</ets>, fr. <ets>sapere</ets> to taste: cf. F.
<ets>sapide</ets>. See <er>Sapient</er>, <er>Savor</er>.]</ety>
<def>Having the power of affecting the organs of taste;
possessing savor, or flavor.</def>
<q>Camels, to make the water <qex>sapid</qex>, do raise the mud
with their feet.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<hw>Sa*pid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sapidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being
sapid; taste; savor; savoriness.</def>
<q>Whether one kind of <qex>sapidity</qex> is more effective than
another.</q>
<qau>M. S. Lamson.</qau>
<hw>Sap"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being sapid;
sapidity.</def>
<q>When the Israelites fancied the <qex>sapidness</qex> and
relish of the fleshpots, they longed to taste and to return.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Sa"pi*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sapientia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sapience</ets>. See
<er>Sapient</er>..]</ety> <def>The quality of being sapient;
wisdom; sageness; knowledge.</def>
<au>Cowper.</au>
<q>Woman, if I might sit beside your feet,
And glean your scattered <qex>sapience</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Sa"pi*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sapiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>sapere</ets>
to taste to have sense, to know. See <er>Sage</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Wise; sage; discerning; -- often in
irony or contempt.</def>
<q>Where the <qex>sapient</qex> king
Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian spouse.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Sage; sagacious; knowing; wise; discerning.</syn>
<hw>Sa`pi*en"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sapientialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having or affording
wisdom.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sa`pi*en"tial*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<q>The <qex>sapiential</qex> books of the Old [Testament].</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Sa`pi*en"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sapiential.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sa"pi*ent*ize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make
sapient.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Coleridge.</au>
<hw>Sa"pi*ent*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
sapient manner.</def>
<hw>Sap`in*da"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an order of trees and
shrubs (<spn>Sapindace\'91</spn>), including the (Typical) genus
Sapindus, the maples, the margosa, and about seventy other
genera.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa*pin"dus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. L. <ets>sapo</ets> soap + <ets>Indicus</ets> Indian.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tropical and subtropical trees
with pinnate leaves and panicled flowers. The fruits of some
species are used instead of soap, and their round black seeds are
made into necklaces.</def>
<hw>Sap"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Destitute of sap; not juicy.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Dry, old; husky; withered;
spiritless.</def> \'bdA somewhat <xex>sapless</xex>
womanhood.\'b8
<au>Lowell.</au>
<q>Now <qex>sapless</qex> on the verge of death he stands.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>sap"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A young
tree.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sap`o*dil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>zapote</ets>, <ets>sapotillo</ets>, <ets>zapotillo</ets>,
Mexican <ets>cochit-zapotl</ets>. Cf. <er>Sapota</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tall, evergeen, tropical American tree
(<spn>Achras Sapota</spn>); also, its edible fruit, the sapodilla
plum.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>sapadillo</asp>,
<asp>sappadilo</asp>, <asp>sappodilla</asp>, and
<asp>zapotilla</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Sapodilla plum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fruit of
<spn>Achras Sapota</spn>. It is about the size of an ordinary
quince, having a rough, brittle, dull brown rind, the flesh being
of a dirty yellowish white color, very soft, and deliciously
sweet. Called also <altname>naseberry</altname>. It is eatable
only when it begins to be spotted, and is much used in
desserts.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sa*pog"e*nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sapo</ets>nin + <ets>-gen</ets> +
<ets>in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline
substance obtained by the decomposition of saponin.</def>
<hw>Sap`o*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sapo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, soap, of Teutonic origin, and
akin to E. <ets>soap</ets>. See <er>Soap</er>.]</ety>
<def>Resembling soap; having the qualities of soap; soapy.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Saponaceous</xex> bodies are compounds of an
acid and a base, and are in reality a kind of salt.</note>
<-- p. 1276 -->
<hw>Sap`o*nac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being saponaceous.</def>
<hw>Sap"o*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Saponaceous.</def>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Sa*pon*i*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of conversion into soap; <as>as, a
<ex>saponifiable</ex> substance</as>.</def>
<hw>Sa*pon`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>saponification</ets>. See
<er>Saponify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act, process, or result, of
soap making; conversion into soap; specifically
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, the decomposition of fats and other ethereal
salts by alkalies; <as>as, the <ex>saponification</ex> of ethyl
acetate</as>.</def><-- "ethereal salt" = ester -->
<hw>Sa*pon"i*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That which saponifies; any reagent used
to cause saponification.</def>
<hw>Sa*pon"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Saponified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Saponifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>sapo</ets>,
<ets>-onis</ets>, soap + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>saponifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into soap, as
tallow or any fat; hence <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, to subject to any
similar process, as that which ethereal salts undergo in
decomposition; <as>as, to <ex>saponify</ex> ethyl
acetate</as>.</def>
<hw>Sap"o*nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sapo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets> soap: cf. F.
<ets>saponine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous
glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort
(<spn>Saponaria</spn>), in the bark of soap bark
(<spn>Quillaia</spn>), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphus
powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces
a local an\'91stesia. Formerly called also
<altname>struthiin</altname>, <altname>quilaiin</altname>,
<altname>senegin</altname>, <altname>polygalic acid</altname>,
etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which
saponin proper is the type.</def>
<hw>Sap"o*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sw.
<ets>saponit</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sapo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>,
soap.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous silicate of
magnesia and aluminia. It occurs in soft, soapy, amorphous
masses, filling veins in serpentine and cavities in trap
rock.</def>
<hw>Sap"o*nul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>saponule</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sapo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>,
soap.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>A soapy mixture obtained
by treating an essential oil with an alkali; hence, any similar
compound of an essential oil.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>saponule</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sa"por</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See
<er>Savor</er>.]</ety> <def>Power of affecting the organs of
taste; savor; flavor; taste.</def>
<q>There is some <qex>sapor</qex> in all aliments.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<hw>Sap`o*rif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sapor</ets> taste + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety>
<def>Having the power to produce the sensation of taste;
producing taste, flavor, or relish.</def>
<hw>Sap`o*ros"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of
taste.</def>
<hw>Sap"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saporius</ets> that relishes well, savory, fr.
<ets>sapor</ets> taste.]</ety> <def>Having flavor or taste;
yielding a taste.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Sa*po"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Sp.
<ets>sapote</ets>, <ets>zapote</ets>. See
<er>Sapodilla</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
sapodilla.</def>
<hw>Sap`o*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order
(<spn>Sapotace\'91</spn>) of (mostly tropical) trees and shrubs,
including the star apple, the Lucuma, or natural marmalade tree,
the gutta-percha tree (<spn>Isonandra</spn>), and the India
mahwa, as well as the sapodilla, or sapota, after which the order
is named.</def>
<hw>Sap*pan" wood"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Sapan wood.</def>
<hw>Sap"pare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sappare</ets>; -- so called by Saussure.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Kyanite.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sappar</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sap"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sapeur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who saps; specifically
<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, one who is employed in working at saps,
building and repairing fortifications, and the like.</def>
<hw>Sap"phic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Sapphicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ Sappho.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to Sappho, the Grecian poetess; <as>as,
<ex>Sapphic</ex> odes; <ex>Sapphic</ex> verse</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or in the
manner of, Sappho; -- said of a certain kind of verse reputed to
have been invented by Sappho, consisting of five feet, of which
the first, fourth, and fifth are trochees, the second is a
spondee, and the third a dactyl</def>.
<hw>Sap"phic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A
Sapphic verse.</def>
<hw>Sap"phire</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[OE. <ets>saphir</ets>, F. <ets>saphir</ets>, L.
<ets>sapphirus</ets>, Gr. <?/, of Oriental origin; cf. Heb.
<ets>sapp\'c6r</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide,
<chform>Al2O3</chform>; corundum; esp., the blue transparent
variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem.</def>
<q>of rubies, <qex>sapphires</qex>, and of pearl\'82s white.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sapphire</xex> occurs in hexagonal crystals and
also in granular and massive forms. The name <xex>sapphire</xex>
is usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the bright red
crystals are called <xex>Oriental rubies</xex> (see under
<er>Ruby</er>), the amethystine variety <xex>Oriental
amethyst</xex> (see under <er>Amethyst</er>), and the dull
massive varieties <xex>corundum</xex> (a name which is also used
as a general term to include all varieties). See
<er>Corundum</er>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The color of the gem; bright blue.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any humming bird of the
genus <spn>Hylocharis</spn>, native of South America. The throat
and breast are usually bright blue.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Star sapphire</col>, <or/ <col>Asteriated
sapphire</col></mcol> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of sapphire
which exhibits asterism.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sap"phire</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or resembling sapphire;
sapphire; blue.</def> \'bdThe <xex>sapphire</xex> blaze.\'b8
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Sap"phir*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Resembling
sapphire; made of sapphire; having the color, or any quality of
sapphire.</def> \'bd<xex>Sapphirine</xex> degree of hardness.\'b8
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Sap"pho</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sapphic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of
several species of brilliant South American humming birds of the
genus <spn>Sappho</spn>, having very bright-colored and deeply
forked tails; -- called also <altname>firetail</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sap"pi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
of being sappy; juiciness.</def>
<hw>Sap`po*dil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sapodilla</er>.</def>
<hw>Sap"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sappier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sappiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From 1st
<er>Sap</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Abounding with sap; full of sap; juisy;
succulent.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble.</def>
<q>When he had passed this weak and <qex>sapy</qex> age.</q>
<qau>Hayward.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Weak in intellect.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Abounding in sap; resembling,
or consisting lagerly of, sapwood.</def>
<hw>Sap"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sapy</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>sapere</ets> to
taste.]</ety> <def>Musty; tainted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sa*proph"a*gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
rotten + <?/ to eat: cf. F. <ets>saprophage</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of beetles which feed
upon dacaying animal and vegetable substances; a carrion
beetle.</def>
<hw>Sa*proph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feeding on carrion.</def>
<hw>Sap"ro*phyte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
rotten + <?/ a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant
growing on dacayed animal or vegetable matter, as most fungi and
some flowering plants with no green color, as the Indian
pipe.</def>
<hw>Sap`ro*phyt"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Feeding
or growing upon decaying anomal or vegetable matter; pertaining
to a saprophyte or the saprophytes.</def>
<hw>Sap"sa*go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>schabzieger</ets>; <ets>schaben</ets> to shave, to scrape +
<ets>zieger</ets> a sort of hey.]</ety> <def>A kind of Swiss
cheese, of a greenish color, flavored with melilot.</def>
<hw>Sap"skull`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
saphead.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>
<hw>Sap`u*ca"ia</hw> <pr>(?; Pg. <?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pg. <ets>sapucaya</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
Brazilian tree. See <er>Lecythis</er>, and
<er>Monkey-pot</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sapucaya</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Sapucaia nut</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the seed of
the sapucaia; -- called also <altname>paradise
nut</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sap"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The alburnum, or part of the wood on any exogenous tree next
to the bark, being that portion of the tree through which the sap
flows most freely; -- distinguished from
<xex>Heartwood</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sar"a*ba*te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>Saraba\'8btae</ets>, pl.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>
<def>One of certain vagrant or heretical Oriental monks in the
early church.</def>
<hw>Sar"a*band</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sarabande</ets>, Sp. <ets>zarabanda</ets>, fr. Per.
<ets>serbend</ets> a song.]</ety> <def>A slow Spanish dance of
Saracenic origin, to an air in triple time; also, the air
itself.</def>
<q>She has brought us the newest <qex>saraband</qex> from the
court of Queen Mab.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Sar"a*cen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[l.
<ets>Saracenus</ets> perhaps fr. Ar. <ets>sharqi</ets>, pl.
<ets>sharqi\'c6n</ets>, Oriental Eastern, fr. <ets>sharaga</ets>
to rise, said of the sun: cf. F. <ets>sarrasin</ets>. Cf.
<er>Sarcenet</er>, <er>Sarrasin</er>, <er>Sirocco</er>.]</ety>
<def>Anciently, an Arab; later, a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages,
the common term among Christians in Europe for a Mohammedan
hostile to the crusaders.</def>
<cs><col>Saracen's consound</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind
of ragewort (<spn>Senecio Saracenicus</spn>), anciently used to
heal wounds.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sar`a*cen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sar`a*cen"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to the Saracens; <as>as, <ex>Saracenic</ex>
architecture</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Saracenic</xex> music.\'b8
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Sar"a*sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Sarrasin</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa`ras*wa"ti</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.
<ets>Sarasvat\'c6</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>The
sakti or wife of Brahma; the Hindoo goddess of learning, music,
and poetry.</def>
<hw>Sar"casm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sarcasme</ets>, L. <ets>sarcasmu</ets>, Gr. <?/ to tear
flesh like dogs, to bite the lips in rage, to speak bitterly, to
sneer, fr. <?/, <?/, flesh.]</ety> <def>A keen, reproachful
expression; a satirical remark uttered with some degree of scorn
or contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a cutting jest.</def>
<q>The <qex>sarcasms</qex> of those critics who imagine our art
to be a matter of inspiration.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Reynolds.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.</syn>
<hw>Sar*cas"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sarcastic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Sarcasmous</xex> scandal.\'b8
<au>Hubidras.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sar*cas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sar*cas"tic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Expressing, or expressed
by, sarcasm; characterized by, or of the nature of, sarcasm;
given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly satirical; scornfully
severe; taunting.</def>
<q>What a fierce and <qex>sarcastic</qex> reprehension would this
have drawn from the friendship of the world!</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Sar*cas"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sarcastic
manner.</def>
<hw>Sar"cel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>cercel</ets>, F. <ets>cerceau</ets>, L.
<ets>circellus</ets>, dim. of <ets>circulus</ets>. See
<er>Circle</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the outer pinions or feathers
of the wing of a bird, esp. of a hawk.</def>
<hw>Sar"celed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(her.)</fld>
<def>Cut through the middle.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sar`celle"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
L. <ets>querquedula</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
old squaw, or long-tailed duck.</def>
<hw>Sarce"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>sacenet</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>saracenium</ets> cloth made by
Saracens. See <er>Saracen</er>.]</ety> <def>A species of fine
thin silk fabric, used for linings, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>sarsenet</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>Thou green <qex>sarcenet</qex> flap for a sore eye.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sar"cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Hypoxanthin</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sar*ci"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/ of flesh, fr. <?/, <?/, flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>
<def>A genus of bacteria found in various organic fluids,
especially in those those of the stomach, associated with certain
diseases. The individual organisms undergo division along two
perpendicular partitions, so that multiplication takes place in
two directions, giving groups of four cubical cells. Also used
adjectively; <as>as, a <ex>sarcina</ex> micrococcus; a
<ex>sarcina</ex> group</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sarcina form</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the tetrad
form seen in the division of a dumb-bell group of micrococci into
four; -- applied particularly to bacteria. See
<er>micrococcus</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sar"cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sarcler</ets> to weed, fr. L. <ets>sarculare</ets> to hoe,
fr. <ets>sarculum</ets> hoe.]</ety> <def>To weed, or clear of
weeds, with a hoe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ainsworth.</au>
<hw>Sar"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <?/,
<?/, <xex>flesh</xex>; <as>as, <ex>sarco</ex>phagous,
flesh-eating; <ex>sarco</ex>logy</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sar*cob"a*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sarcobases</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/,
<?/, flesh + <?/ base.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fruit
consisting of many dry indehiscent cells, which contain but few
seeds and cohere about a common style, as in the mallows.</def>
<hw>Sar"co*blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sarco-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A minute yellowish body present in the
interior of certain rhizopods.</def>
<hw>Sar"co*carp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sacro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit: cf. F.
<ets>sarcocarpe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>the fleshy
part of a stone fruit, situated between the skin, or epicarp, and
the stone, or endocarp, as in a peach. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Endocarp</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ The term has also been used to denote, any fruit
which is fleshy throughout.</note>
<au>M. T. Masters.</au>
<hw>Sar"co*cele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;
<?/, <?/, flesh + <?/ tumor: cf. F.
<ets>sacroc\'8ale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any solid
tumor of the testicle.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sar"co*col</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sar`co*col"la</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sarcoccolla</ets>, from Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, flesh + <?/ glue:
cf. F. <ets>sacrocolle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A gum resin obtained
from certain shrubs of Africa (<spn>Pen\'91a</spn>), -- formerly
thought to cause healing of wounds and ulcers.</def>
<hw>Sar"codo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
fleshy; <?/ flesh + <?/ form. Cf. <er>Sarcoid</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A name applied by Dujardin in 1835 to the
gelatinous material forming the bodies of the lowest animals;
protoplasm.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sar"co*derm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>\'d8sar`co*der"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL. <ets>sacroderma</ets>. See <er>Sarco</er>-, and
<er>Derm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
fleshy covering of a seed, lying between the external and
internal integuments.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sarcocarp.</def>
<hw>Sar*cod"ic</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to sarcode.</def>
<hw>Sar"coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See
<er>Sarcode</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Resembling
flesh, or muscle; composed of sarcode.</def>
<hw>Sar`co*lac"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sarco-</ets> + <ets>lactic</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>relating to muscle and milk;
<as>as, <ex>sarcolactic acid</ex></as>. See <cref>Lactic
acid</cref>, under <er>Lactic</er>.</def>
<hw>Sar`co*lem"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
from Gr. <?/, <?/, flesh + <?/ rind, skin.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The very thin transparent and apparently
homogenous sheath which incloses a striated muscular fiber; the
myolemma.</def>
<hw>Sar"co*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
<?/, flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Flesh-colored.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sar`co*log"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sar`co*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to sarcology.</def>
<hw>Sar*col"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sarco-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sarcologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of anatomy which
treats of the soft parts. It includes myology, angiology,
neurology, and splanchnology.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sar*co"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>Sarcomata</plw> <pr>(# <or/ #)</pr>, E. <plw>sarcomas</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, from <?/, <?/,
flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor of fleshy
consistence; -- formerly applied to many varieties of tumor, now
restricted to a variety of malignant growth made up of cells
resembling those of fetal development without any proper
intercellular substance.</def>
<hw>Sar*com"a*tous</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to sarcoma; resembling
sarcoma.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sar*coph"a*ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., neut. pl. See <er>Sarcophagus</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of carnivorous and
insectivorous marsupials including the dasyures and the
opossums.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sar*coph"a*ga</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., frm. sing.
See <er>Sarcophagus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
genus of Diptera, including the flesh flies.</def>
<hw>Sar*coph"a*gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any animal which eats flesh,
especially any carnivorous marsupial.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any fly of the genus
Sarcophaga.</def>
<hw>Sar*coph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating;
carnivorous.</def>
<hw>Sar*coph"a*gus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>Sarcophagi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Sarcophaguses</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, properly, eating
flesh; <?/, <?/, <?/, flesh + <?/ to eat. Cf.
<er>Sarcasm</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A species of limestone
used among the Greeks for making coffins, which was so called
because it consumed within a few weeks the flesh of bodies
deposited in it. It is otherwise called <altname>lapis
Assius</altname>, or <altname>Assian stone</altname>, and is said
to have been found at Assos, a city of Lycia.</def>
<au>Holland.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A coffin or chest-shaped tomb of the kind of
stone described above; hence, any stone coffin.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A stone shaped like a sarcophagus and placed by
a grave as a memorial.</def>
<hw>Sar*coph"a*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/.
See <er>Sarcophagus</er>.]</ety> <def>The practice of eating
flesh.</def>
<hw>Sar"co*phile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sacro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a lover.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A flesh-eating animal, especially any
one of the carnivorous marsupials.</def>
<hw>\'d8sar*gop"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
from Gr. <?/, <?/, flesh + <?/ to cut.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of parasitic mites including
the itch mites.</def>
<hw>Sar*cop"tid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus
<spn>Sarcoptes</spn> and related genera of mites, comprising the
itch mites and mange mites.</def> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
or pertaining to the itch mites.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Sar`co*rham"phi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, flesh + <?/ beak.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of raptorial birds
composing the vultures.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sar`co*sep"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sarcosepta</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Sarco-</ets>
+ <ets>septum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the
mesenteries of an anthozoan.</def>
<hw>Sar"co*sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.
Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline nitrogenous substance, formed in
the decomposition of creatin (one of the constituents of muscle
tissue). Chemically, it is methyl glycocoll.</def><--
N-Methylglycine, C3H7NO2. -->
<hw>\'d8Sar*co"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Abnormal formation of flesh.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Sarcoma.</def>
<hw>Sar*cot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/:
cf. F. <ets>sarcotique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Producing or promoting the growth of flesh.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A sarcotic
medicine.</def></def2> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sar"cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/,
flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Fleshy; -- applied to the
minute stryctural elements, called <xex>sarcous elements</xex>,
or <xex>sarcous disks</xex>, of which striated muscular fiber is
composed.</def>
<hw>Sar`cu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sarculatio</ets>. See <er>Sarcle</er>.]</ety> <def>A
weeding, as with a hoe or a rake.</def>
<-- p. 1277 -->
<hw>Sard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sarda</ets>, Gr. <?/, or <?/ (sc. <?/), i.e., Sardian stone,
fr. <?/ Sardian, <?/ Sardes, the capital of Lydia: cf. F.
<ets>sarde</ets>. Cf. <er>Sardius</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>A variety of carnelian, of a rich reddish yellow or brownish
red color. See the Note under <xex>Chalcedony</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sar"da*chate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sardachates</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Sardachate</ets>. See
<er>Sard</er>, and <er>Agate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>A variety of agate containing sard.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sar"dan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sar"del</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>sardella</ets>. See <er>Sardine</er> a fish.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sardine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sar"del</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A precious stone. See
<er>Sardius</er>.</def>
<hw>Sar"dine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>sardine</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>sardina</ets>,
<ets>sarda</ets>, It. <ets>sardina</ets>, <ets>sardella</ets>),
L. <ets>sardina</ets>, <ets>sarda</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/; so
called from island of <ets>sardinia</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several small species of
herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil for food,
especially the pilchard, or European sardine (<spn>Clupea
pichardus</spn>). The California sardine (<spn>Clupea
sagax</spn>) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic
coast are mostly the young of the common herring and of the
menhaden.</def>
<hw>Sar"dine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>See <er>Sardius</er>.</def>
<hw>Sar*din"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Sardinianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the
island, kingdom, or people of Sardinia.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of
Sardinia.</def></def2>
<hw>Sar"di*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sardius</ets>, <ets>lapis sardinus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, <?/.
See <er>Sard</er>.]</ety> <def>A precious stone, probably a
carnelian, one of which was set in Aaron's breastplate.</def>
<au>Ex. xxviii. 17.</au>
<hw>Sar"doin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sardoine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Sard;
carnelian.</def>
<hw>Sar*do"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sardonien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sardonic.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWith <xex>Sardonian</xex> smile.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sar*don"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sardonique</ets>, L. <ets>sardonius</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/,
perhaps fr. <?/ to grin like a dog, or from a certain plant of
<ets>Sardinia</ets>, Gr. <?/, which was said to screw up the face
of the eater.]</ety> <def>Forced; unnatural; insincere; hence,
derisive, mocking, malignant, or bitterly sarcastic; -- applied
only to a laugh, smile, or some facial semblance of gayety.</def>
<q>Where strained, <qex>sardonic</qex> smiles are glozing still,
And grief is forced to laugh against her will.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>
<q>The scornful, ferocious, <qex>sardonic</qex> grin of a bloody
ruffian.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>Sardonic grin</col> <or/ <col>laugh</col></mcol>,
<cd>an old medical term for a spasmodic affection of the muscles
of the face, giving it an appearance of laughter.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sar*don"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, a kind of linen made at Colchis.</def>
<hw>Sar"do*nyx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.
<?/. See <er>Sard</er>, and <er>Onyx</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of onyx consisting of sard and
white chalcedony in alternate layers.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa"ree</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.
<?/.]</ety> <def>The principal garment of a Hindoo woman. It
consists of a long piece of cloth, which is wrapped round the
middle of the body, a portion being arranged to hang down in
front, and the remainder passed across the bosom over the left
shoulder.</def>
<hw>Sar*gas"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>sargazo</ets> seaweed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
gulf weed. See under <er>Gulf</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Sargasso Sea</col>, <cd>a large tract of the North
Atlantic Ocean where sargasso in great abundance floats on the
surface.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Sar*gas"sum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A genus of alg\'91 including the gulf
weed.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sar"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>sargo</ets>, L. <ets>sargus</ets> a kind of fish.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of sparoid
fishes belonging to <spn>Sargus</spn>, <spn>Pomodasys</spn>, and
related genera; -- called also <altname>sar</altname>, and
<altname>saragu</altname>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa"ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Saree</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sa*rigue"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from
Braz. <ets>\'87arigueia</ets>, <ets>\'87arigueira</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South American opossum
(<spn>Didelphys opossum</spn>), having four white spots on the
face.</def>
<hw>Sark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>serce</ets>, <ets>syrce</ets>, ashirt; akin to Icel.
<ets>serkr</ets>, Sw. <ets>s\'84rk</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
shirt.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sark</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>To cover
with sarking, or thin boards.</def>
<hw>Sar"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. (<?/),
(<?/), flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Hypoxanthin</er>.</def>
<hw>Sark"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Sark</er> shirt.]</ety> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>Thin boards
for shealting, as above the rafters, and under the shingles or
slates, and for similar purposes.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sar"lac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sar"lyk</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Mongolian
<ets>sarlyk</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
yak.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sar*ma"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sar*mat"ic</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Sarmaticus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Sarmatia,
or its inhabitants, the ancestors of the Russians und the
Poles.</def>
<hw>Sar"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sarmentum</ets> a twig, fr. <ets>sarpere</ets> to cut off,
to trim: cf. F. <ets>sarment</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A prostrate filiform stem or runner, as of the strawbwrry.
See <er>Runner</er>.</def>
<hw>Sar`men*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing sarments, or runners, as the
strawberry.</def>
<hw>Sar`men*tose"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>sarmentosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sarmenteux</ets>.
See <er>Sarment</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>Long and filiform, and almost naked, or having only leaves
at the joints where it strikes root; <as>as, a
<ex>sarmentose</ex> stem</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Bearing
sarments; sarmentaceous.</def>
<hw>Sar*men"tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Sarmentose.</def>
<hw>Sarn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W.
<ets>sarn</ets> a causeway, paving.]</ety> <def>A pavement or
stepping-stone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sa"rong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay
<ets>s\'berung</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of petticoat worn by
both sexes in Java and the Malay Archipelago.</def>
<au>Balfour (Cyc. of India)</au>
<hw>Sa"ros</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.
<?/]</ety> <fld>(Astron)</fld> <def>A Chaldean astronomical
period or cycle, the length of which has been variously estimated
from 3,600 years to 3,600 days, or a little short of 10
years.</def>
<au>Brande & C.</au>
<-- A length of time (6535.82 days, or 18 years 11.32 days,
assuming 4 leap years in that interval), after which the eclipses
of the sun repeat their pattern, but are shifted 120<deg/ west..
-->
<hw>Sar"plar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.
<ets>sarplare</ets>. See <er>Sarplier</er>.]</ety> <def>A large
bale or package of wool, containing eighty tods, or 2,240 pounds,
in weight.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sar"plier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>serpilli\'8are</ets>; cf. Pr. <ets>sargelheira</ets>, LL.
<ets>serpelleria</ets>, <ets>serpleria</ets>, Catalan
<ets>sarpallera</ets>, Sp. <ets>arpillera</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
coarse cloth made of hemp, and used for packing goods, etc.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>sarpelere</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Tyrwhitt.</au>
<hw>Sar"po</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corruption of
Sp. <ets>sapo</ets> a toad.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
large toadfish the Southern United States and the Gulf of Mexico
(<spn>Batrachus tau</spn>, var. <spn>pardus</spn>).</def>
<hw>\'d8Sar`ra*ce"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
So named after a Dr. <ets>Sarrazin</ets> of Quebec.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of American perrenial herbs
growing in bogs; the American pitcher plant.</def>
<note><hand/ They have hollow pitcher-shaped or tubular leaves,
and solitary flowers with an umbrella-shaped style.
<spn>Sarracenia purpurea</spn>, the sidesaddle flower, is common
at the North; <spn>S. flava</spn>, <spn>rubra</spn>,
<spn>Drummondii</spn>, <spn>variolaris</spn>, and
<spn>psittacina</spn> are Southern species. All are
insectivorous, catching and drowning insects in their curious
leaves. See <er>Illust</er>. of Sidesaddle flower, under
<er>Sidesaddle</er>.</note>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sar"ra*sin</hw>, <hw>Sar"ra*sine</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sarrasine</ets>, LL.
<ets>saracina</ets>. See <er>Saracen</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A portcullis, or herse.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>sarasin</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sar"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sarsaparilla.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sarza</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sar`sa*pa*ril"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>zarzaparrilla</ets>; <ets>zarza</ets> a bramble (perhaps fr.
Bisc. <ets>zartzia</ets>) + <ets>parra</ets> a vine, or
<ets>Parillo</ets>, a physician said to have discovered
it.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any plant of
several tropical American species of <spn>Smilax</spn>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bitter mucilaginous roots of such plants,
used in medicine and in sirups for soda, etc.</def>
<note><hand/ The name is also applied to many other plants and
their roots, especially to the <spn>Aralia nudicaulis</spn>, the
wild sarsaparilla of the United States.</note>
<hw>Sar`sa*pa*ril"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Parillin</er>.</def>
<hw>Sarse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sas</ets>, OF. <ets>saas</ets>, LL. <ets>setatium</ets>, fr.
L. <ets>seta</ets> a stiff hair.]</ety> <def>A fine sieve; a
searce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sarse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To sift through a
sarse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sar"sen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain; perhaps for <ets>saracen stone</ets>, i.e., a heathen
or pagan stone or monument.]</ety> <def>One of the large
sandstone blocks scattered over the English chalk downs; --
called also <altname>sarsen stone</altname>, and <altname>Druid
stone</altname>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sarse"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sarcenet</er>.</def>
<hw>Sart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An assart, or
clearing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Sar*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sartorius</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a
tailor or his work.</def>
<q>Our legs skulked under the table as free from
<qex>sartorial</qex> impertinences as those of the noblest
savages.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to
thesartorius muscle.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sar*to"ri*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. L. <ets>sartor</ets> a patcher, tailor, fr.
<ets>sarcire</ets>, <ets>sartum</ets>, to patch, mend.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle of the thigh, called the
<xex>tailor's muscle</xex>, which arises from the hip bone and is
inserted just below the knee. So named because its contraction
was supposed to produce the position of the legs assumed by the
tailor in sitting.</def>
<hw>Sa"rum use`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld>
<def>A liturgy, or <xex>use</xex>, put forth about 1087 by St.
Osmund, bishop of <xex>Sarum</xex>, based on Anglo-Saxon and
Norman customs.</def>
<hw>Sash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pers.
<ets>shast</ets> a sort of girdle.]</ety> <def>A scarf or band
worn about the waist, over the shoulder, or otherwise; a belt; a
girdle, -- worn by women and children as an ornament; also worn
as a badge of distinction by military officers, members of
societies, etc.</def>
<hw>Sash</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To adorn with a sash or
scarf.</def>
<au>Burke.</au>
<hw>Sash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sh<?/ssis</ets> a
frame, sash, fr. <ets>sh<?/sse</ets> a shrine, reliquary, frame,
L. <ets>capsa</ets>. See <er>Case</er> a box.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The framing in which the panes of glass are set in a glazed
window or door, including the narrow bars between the
panes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a sawmill, the rectangular frame in which the
saw is strained and by which it is carried up and down with a
reciprocating motion; -- also called
<altname>gate</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>French sash</col>, <cd>a casement swinging on hinges; --
in distinction from a <xex>vertical sash<xex> sliding up and
down.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sash</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sashed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sashing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with a sash or
sashes; <as>as, to <ex>sash</ex> a door or a window</as>.</def>
<hw>Sash"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From 1st
<er>Sash</er>.]</ety> <def>A collection of sashes; ornamentation
by means of sashes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Distinguished by their <qex>sasheries</qex> and insignia.</q>
<qau>Carlyle.</qau>
<hw>Sash"oon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymology
uncertain.]</ety> <def>A kind of pad worn on the leg under the
boot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Nares.</au>
<hw>Sa"sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The Indian antelope (<spn>Antilope bezoartica, <or/
cervicapra</spn>), noted for its beauty and swiftness. It has
long, spiral, divergent horns.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sas"sa*by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sas"sa*bye</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
large African antelope (<spn>Alcelaphus tunata</spn>), similar to
the hartbeest, but having its horns regularly curved.</def>
<hw>Sas"sa*fras</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sassafras</ets> (cf. It. <ets>sassafrasso</ets>,
<ets>sassafras</ets>, Sp. <ets>sasafras</ets>,
<ets>salsafras</ets>, <ets>salsifrax</ets>,
<ets>salsifragia</ets>, <ets>saxifragia</ets>), fr. L.
<ets>saxifraga</ets> saxofrage. See <er>Saxifrage</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American tree of the Laurel family
(<spn>Sassafras officinale</spn>); also, the bark of the roots,
which has an aromatic smell and taste.</def>
<cs><col>Australian sassafras</col>, <cd>a lofty tree
(<spn>Doryophora Sassafras</spn>) with aromatic bark and
leaves.</cd> -- <col>Chilian sassafras</col>, <cd>an aromatic
tree (<spn>Laurelia sempervirens</spn>).</cd> -- <col>New Zealand
sassafras</col>, <cd>a similar tree (<spn>Laurelia Nov\'91
Zelandi\'91</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Sassafras nut</col>. <cd>See
<er>Pichurim bean</er>.</cd> -- <col>Swamp sassafras</col>,
<cd>the sweet bay (<spn>Magnolia glauca</spn>). See
<er>Magnolia</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sas"sa*nage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sarse</er> a sieve.]</ety> <def>Stones left after
sifting.</def>
<au>Smart.</au>
<hw>Sas`sa*ra"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. a
corruption of <ets>certiorari</ets>, the name of a writ.]</ety>
<def>A word used to emphasize a statement.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Out she shall pack, with a <qex>sassarara</qex>.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<hw>Sasse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>sas</ets>, fr. F. <ets>sas</ets> the basin of a
waterfall.]</ety> <def>A sluice or lock, as in a river, to make
it more navigable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Pepys.</au>
<hw>Sas"sen*ach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.
<ets>sasunnach</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Saxon; an Englishman; a
Lowlander.</def> <mark>[Celtic]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sas"so*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sas"so*line</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <ets>Sasso</ets>,
a town in Italy: cf. F. <ets>sassolin</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native boric acid, found in saline
incrustations on the borders of hot springs near Sasso, in the
territory of Florence.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sas"so*rol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sas`so*rol"la</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The rock pigeon. See under <er>Pigeon</er>.</def>
<hw>Sas"sy bark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
bark of a West African leguminous tree (<spn>Erythrophl\'91um
Guineense</spn>, used by the natives as an ordeal poison, and
also medicinally; -- called also <altname>mancona
bark</altname>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sas"tra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Shaster</er>.</def>
<hw>Sat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Sit</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sate</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sa"tan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.
<ets>sat\'ben</ets> an adversary, fr. <ets>s\'betan</ets> to be
adverse, to persecute: cf. GR. <?/, <?/, L. <ets>Satan</ets>,
<ets>Satanas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The grand adversary of man; The
Devil, or Prince of darkness; the chief of the fallen angels; the
archfiend.</def>
<q>I beheld <qex>Satan</qex> as lightning fall from heaven.</q>
<qau>Luke x. 18.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sa*tan"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sa*tan"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>satanique</ets>, GR. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to
Satan; having the qualities of Satan; resembling Satan; extremely
malicious or wicked; devilish; infernal.</def>
\'bd<xex>Satanic</xex> strength.\'b8 \'bd<xex>Satanic</xex>
host.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>Detest the slander which, with a <qex>Satanic</qex> smile,
exults over the character it has ruined.</q>
<qau>Dr. T. Dwight.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sa*tan"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sa*tan"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sa"tan*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The evil and
malicious disposition of Satan; a diabolical sprit.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<-- 2. Worship of satan. -->
<hw>Sa"tan*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A very
wicked-person.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Granger.</au>
<hw>Sa`tan*oph"a*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Satan</ets> + Gr. <?/ to appear.]</ety> <def>An
incarnation of Satan; a being possessed by a demon.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>O. A. Brownson.</au>
<hw>Satch"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>sachel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>saccellus</ets>, dim. of
<ets>saccus</ets>. See <er>Sack</er> a bag.]</ety> <def>A little
sack or bag for carrying papers, books, or small articles of
wearing apparel; a hand bag.</def> <altsp>[Spelled also
<asp>sachel</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>The whining schoolboy with his <qex>satchel</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sated</er>; <pos>p. pr. &
vb. n.</pos> <er>Sating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably
shortened fr. <ets>satiate</ets>: cf. L. <ets>satus</ets> full.
See <er>Satiate</er>.]</ety> <def>To satisfy the desire or
appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit.</def>
<q>Crowds of wanderers <qex>sated</qex> with the business and
pleasure of great cities.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Sate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Sit</er>.</def>
<q>But <qex>sate</qex> an equal guest at every board.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<hw>Sat*een"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Satin</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of dress goods made of cotton
or woolen, with a glossy surface resembling satin.</def>
<hw>Sate"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Insatiable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Young.</au>
<hw>Sat"el*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>Stelles</ets>, <ets>-itis</ets>, an attendant.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An attendant attached to a prince or other
powerful person; hence, an obsequious dependent.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>satellites</xex> of power.\'b8
<au>I. Disraeli.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A secondary planet which
revolves about another planet; <as>as, the moon is a
<ex>satellite</ex> of the earth</as>. See <cref>Solar
system</cref>, under <er>Solar</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Satellite moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
handsome European noctuid moth (<spn>Scopelosoma
satellitia</spn>).</cd></cs>
<hw>Sat"el*lite</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>Situated near; accompanying; <as>as, the <ex>satellite</ex>
veins, those which accompany the arteries</as>.</def>
<hw>Sat`el*li"tions</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, satellites.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Cheyne.</au>
<hw>Sa"ti*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>satiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>satiare</ets> to satisfy, from
<ets>sat</ets>, <ets>satis</ets>, enough. See <er>Sad</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Sate</er>.]</ety> <def>Filled to
satiety; glutted; sated; -- followed by <xex>with</xex> or
<xex>of</xex>.</def> \'bd<xex>Satiate</xex> of applause.\'b8
<au>Pope.</au>
<hw>Sa"ti*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Satiated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Satiating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To satisfy the
appetite or desire of; tho feed to the full; to furnish enjoyment
to, to the extent of desire; to sate; <as>as, to <ex>satiate</ex>
appetite or sense</as>.</def>
<q>These [smells] rather woo the sense than <qex>satiate</qex>
it.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>I may yet survive the malice of my enemies, although they
should be <qex>satiated</qex> with my blood.</q>
<qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To full beyond matural desire; to gratify to
repletion or loathing; to surfeit; to glut.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To saturate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir I. Newton.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- To satisfy; sate; suffice; cloy; gorge; overfill;
surfeit; glut.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Satiate</er>,
<er>Satisfy</er>, <er>Content</er>. These words differ
principally in degree. To <xex>Content</xex> is to make
contented, even though every desire or appetite is not fully
gratified. To <xex>satisfy</xex> is to appease fully the longings
of desire. To <xex>satiate</xex> is to fill so completely that it
is not possible to receive or enjoy more; hence, to overfill; to
cause disgust in.</usage>
<q><qex>Content</qex> with science in the vale of peace.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>His whole felicity is endless strife;</q>
<q>No peace, no <qex>satisfaction</qex>, crowns his life.</q>
<qau>Beaumont.</qau>
<q>He may be <qex>satiated</qex>, but not
<qex>satisfied</qex>.</q>
<qau>Norris.</qau>
<hw>Sa`ti*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Satiety.</def>
<hw>Sa*ti"e*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>satietas</ets>, from <ets>satis</ets>, <ets>sat</ets>,
enough: cf. F. <ets>sati\'82t\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of
being satiated or glutted; fullness of gratification, either of
the appetite or of any sensual desire; fullness beyond desire; an
excess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or loathing;
repletion; satiation.</def>
<q>In all pleasures there is <qex>satiety</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hakewill.</qau>
<q>But thy words, with grace divine
Imbued, bring to their sweetness no <qex>satiety</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Repletion; satiation; surfeit; cloyment.</syn>
<-- p. 1278 -->
<hw>Sat"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>satin</ets> (cf. Pg. <ets>setim</ets>), fr. It.
<ets>setino</ets>, from <ets>seta</ets> silk, L.
<ets>saeta</ets>, <ets>seta</ets>, a thick, stiff hair, a
bristle; or possibly ultimately of Chinese origin; cf. Chin.
<ets>sz-t\'81n</ets>, <ets>sz-twan</ets>. Cf.
<er>Sateen</er>.]</ety> <def>A silk cloth, of a thick, close
texture, and overshot woof, which has a glossy surface.</def>
<q>Cloths of gold and <qex>satins</qex> rich of hue.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<cs><col>Denmark satin</col>, <cd>a kind of lasting; a stout
worsted stuff, woven with a satin twill, used for women's
shoes.</cd> -- <col>Farmer's satin</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Farmer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Satin bird</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian bower bird. Called also
<altname>satin grackle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Satin flower</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Honesty</er>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Satin
spar</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A fine fibrous
variety of calcite, having a pearly luster</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>A similar variety of gypsum.</cd> -- <col>Satin sparrow</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the shining flycatcher (<spn>Myiagra
nitida</spn>) of Tasmania and Australia. The upper surface of the
male is rich blackish green with a metallic luster.</cd> --
<col>Satin stone</col>, <cd>satin spar.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sat`i*net"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>satin</ets>. See <er>Satin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
thin kind of satin.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of cloth made of cotton warp and woolen
filling, used chiefly for trousers</def>.
<hw>sat"in*wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The hard, lemon-colored, fragrant wood of
an East Indian tree (<spn>Chloroxylon Swietnia</spn>). It takes a
lustrous finish, and is used in cabinetwork. The name is also
given to the wood of a species of prickly ash (<spn>Xanthoxylum
Carib\'91um</spn>) growing in Florida and the West Indies.</def>
<hw>Sat"in*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like or
composed of satin; glossy; <as>as, to have a <ex>satiny</ex>
appearance; a <ex>satiny</ex> texture</as>.</def>
<hw>Sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>satio</ets>, fr. <ets>serere</ets>, <ets>satum</ets>, to
sow.]</ety> <def>A sowing or planting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sat"ire</hw> <pr>(?; <xex>in Eng. often</xex> <?/; 277)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>satira</ets>, <ets>satura</ets>, fr.
<ets>satura</ets> (sc. <ets>lanx</ets>) a dish filled with
various kinds of fruits, food composed of various ingredients, a
mixture, a medley, fr. <ets>satur</ets> full of food, sated, fr.
<ets>sat</ets>, <ets>satis</ets>, enough: cf. F.
<ets>satire</ets>. See <er>Sate</er>, <er>Sad</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Saturate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A composition, generally poetical, holding up vice or folly
to reprobation; a keen or severe exposure of what in public or
private morals deserves rebuke; an invective poem; <as>as, the
<ex>Satires</ex> of Juvenal</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Keeness and severity of remark; caustic exposure
to reprobation; trenchant wit; sarcasm.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Lampoon; sarcasm; irony; ridicule; pasquinade;
burlesque; wit; humor.</syn>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sa*tir"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sa*tir"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>satiricus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>satirique</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to satire; of the nature of
satire; <as>as, a <ex>satiric</ex> style</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Censorious; severe in language; sarcastic;
insulting.</def> \'bd<xex>Satirical</xex> rogue.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Cutting; caustic; poignant; sarcastic; ironical;
bitter; reproachful; abusive.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sa*tir"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sa*tir"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sat"ir*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>satiriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who satirizes; especially,
one who writes satire.</def>
<q>The mighty <qex>satirist</qex>, who . . . had spread through
the Whig ranks.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Sat"ir*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Satirized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Satirizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>satiriser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make the object of satire;
to attack with satire; to censure with keenness or severe
sarcasm.</def>
<q>It is as hard to <qex>satirize</qex> well a man of
distinguished vices, as to praise well a man of distinguished
virtues.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Sat`is*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>satisfaccioum</ets>, F. <ets>satisfaction</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>satisfactio</ets>, fr. <ets>satisfacere</ets> to satisfy.
See <er>Satisfy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
satisfying, or the state of being satisfied; gratification of
desire; contentment in possession and enjoyment; repose of mind
resulting from compliance with its desires or demands.</def>
<q>The mind having a power to suspend the execution and
<qex>satisfaction</qex> of any of its desires.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Settlement of a claim, due, or demand; payment;
indemnification; adequate compensation.</def>
<q>We shall make full <qex>satisfaction</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which satisfies or gratifiles;
atonement.</def>
<q>Die he, or justice must; unless or him
Some other, able, and as willing, pay
The rigid <qex>satisfaction</qex>, death for death.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Contentment; content; gratification; pleasure;
recompence; compensation; amends; remuneration; indemnification;
atonement.</syn>
<hw>Sat`ia*fac"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Satisfactory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Satisfactive</qex> discernment of fish.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<hw>Sat`is*fac"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>satisfactoire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Giving or
producing satisfaction; yielding content; especially, relieving
the mind from doubt or uncertainty, and enabling it to rest with
confidence; sufficient; <as>as, a <ex>satisfactory</ex> account
or explanation</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Making amends, indemnification, or recompense;
causing to cease from claims and to rest content; compensating;
atoning; <as>as, to make <ex>satisfactory</ex> compensation, or a
<ex>satisfactory</ex> apology</as>.</def>
<q>A most wise and sufficient means of redemption and salvation,
by the <qex>satisfactory</qex> and meritorius death and obedience
of the incarnate Son of God, Jesus Christ.</q>
<qau>Bp. Sanderson.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ty</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sat"is*fi`a*ble</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may be
satisfied.</def>
<hw>Sat"is*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
satisfies.</def>
<hw>Sat"is*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Satisfied</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Satisfying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>satisfier</ets>; L.
<ets>satis</ets> enough + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make;
cf. F. <ets>satisfaire</ets>, L. <ets>satisfacere</ets>. See
<er>Sad</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>In general, to fill up the measure of a want of
(a person or a thing); hence, to grafity fully the desire of; to
make content; to supply to the full, or so far as to give
contentment with what is wished for.</def>
<q>Death shall . . . with us two
Be forced to <qex>satisfy</qex> his ravenous maw.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pay to the extent of chaims or deserts; to
give what is due to; <as>as, to <ex>satisfy</ex> a
creditor</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To answer or discharge, as a claim, debt, legal
demand, or the like; to give compensation for; to pay off; to
requitte; <as>as, to <ex>satisfy</ex> a claim or an
execution</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To free from doubrt, suspense, or uncertainty;
to give assurance to; <as>as, to <ex>satisfy</ex> one's self by
inquiry</as>.</def>
<q>The standing evidences of the truth of the gospel are in
themselves most firm, solid, and <qex>satisfying</qex>.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To satiate; sate; content; grafity; compensate. See
<er>Satiate</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sat"is*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To give satisfaction; to afford gratification; to leave
nothing to be desire.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make payment or atonement; to atone.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sat"is*fy`ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So
as to satisfy; satisfactorily.</def>
<hw>Sa"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sativus</ets>, fr. <ets>serere</ets>, satum, to sow.]</ety>
<def>Sown; propagated by seed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<hw>Sa"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
settle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sa"trap</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>satrapes</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. OPers.
<ets>khsatrap\'bevan</ets> ruler: cf. F.
<ets>satrape</ets>.]</ety> <def>The governor of a province in
ancient Persia; hence, a petty autocrat despot.</def>
<hw>Sa"trap*al</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a satrap, or a satrapy.</def>
<hw>Sa"trap*ess</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
female satrap.</def>
<hw>Sa*trap"ial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Satrapal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sa"trap*y</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Satrapies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>satrapia</ets>, <ets>satrapea</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>satrapie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The government or jurisdiction
of a satrap; a principality.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sat"su*ma ware"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>. <fld>(Fine
Arts)</fld> <def>A kind of ornamental hard-glazed pottery made at
Satsuma in Kiushu, one of the Japanese islands.</def>
<hw>Sat"u*ra*ble</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saturabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>saturable</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Capable of being saturated; admitting of saturation.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sat`u*ra*bil"i*ty</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sat"u*rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saturans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Saturate</er>.]</ety>
<def>Impregnating to the full; saturating.</def>
<hw>Sat"u*rant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A substance used to neutralize or saturate the affinity of
another substance.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An antacid, as magnesia, used
to correct acidity of the stomach.</def>
<hw>Sat"u*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Saturated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Saturating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>saturatus</ets>,
p.p. of <ets>saturate</ets> to saturate, fr. <ets>satur</ets>
full of food, sated. See <er>Satire</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To cause to become completely penetrated, impregnated, or
soaked; to fill fully; to sate.</def>
<q>Innumerable flocks and herbs covered that vast expanse of
emerald meadow <qex>saturated</qex> with the moisture of the
Atlantic.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<q>Fill and <qex>saturate</qex> each kind
With good according to its mind.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To satisfy the affinity of;
to cause to become inert by chemical combination with all that it
can hold; <as>as, to <ex>saturate</ex> phosphorus with
chlorine</as>.</def>
<hw>Sat"u*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saturatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Filled to repletion;
saturated; soaked.</def>
<q>Dries his feathers <qex>saturate</qex> with dew.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<q>The sand beneath our feet is <qex>saturate</qex>
With blood of martyrs.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>Sat"u*ra`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Filled to repletion; holding by absorption, or in solution,
all that is possible; <as>as, <ex>saturated</ex> garments; a
<ex>saturated</ex> solution of salt</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having its affinity
satisfied; combined with all it can hold; -- said of certain
atoms, radicals, or compounds; thus, methane is a
<xex>saturated</xex> compound. Contrasted with
<xex>unsaturated</xex>.</def>
<note><hand/ A <xex>saturated</xex> compound may exchange certain
ingredients for others, but can not take on more without such
exchange.</note>
<cs><col>Saturated color</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>a color
not diluted with white; a pure unmixed color, like those of the
spectrum.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sat`u*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saturatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>saturation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of saturating, or the state of being
saturating; complete penetration or impregnation.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act, process, or result
of saturating a substance, or of combining it to its fullest
extent.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>Freedom from mixture or
dilution with white; purity; -- said of colors.</def>
<note><hand/ The degree of <xex>saturation</xex> of a color is
its relative purity, or freedom from admixture with white.</note>
<hw>sat"u*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>One who, or that which, saturates.</def>
<hw>Sat"ur*day</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>Saterday</ets>, AS. <ets>S\'91terd\'91g</ets>,
<ets>S\'91ternd\'91g</ets>, <ets>S\'91ternesd\'91g</ets>,
literally, Saturn's day, fr. L. <ets>Saturnus</ets> Saturn + AS.
<ets>d\'91g</ets> day; cf. L. <ets>dies Saturni</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The seventh or last day of the week; the day following
Friday and preceding Sunday.</def>
<hw>Sa*tu"ri*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saturitas</ets>, fr. <ets>satur</ets> full of food,
sated.]</ety> <def>The state of being saturated; fullness of
supply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Warner.</au>
<hw>Sa"turn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Saturnus</ets>, literally, the saower, fr.
<ets>serere</ets>, <ets>satum</ets>, to sow. See
<er>Season</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Roman Myth.)</fld>
<def>One of the elder and principal deities, the son of C\'d2lus
and Terra (Heaven and Earth), anf the father of Jupiter. The
corresponding Greek divinity was <grk>Kro`nos</grk>, later
<grk>CHro`nos</grk>, Time.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the planets of the
solar system, next in magnitude to Jupiter, but more remote from
the sun. Its diameter is seventy thousand miles, its mean
distance from the sun nearly eight hundred and eighty millions of
miles, and its year, or periodical revolution round the sun,
nearly twenty-nine years and a half. It is surrounded by a
remarkable system of rings, and has eight satellites.</def>
<-- more satellites have been discovered. -->
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Alchem.)</fld> <def>The metal lead.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<hw>Sat`ur*na"li*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.
See <er>Saturn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>
<def>the festival of Saturn, celebrated in December, originally
during one day, but afterward during seven days, as a period of
unrestrained license and merriment for all classes, extending
even to the slaves.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: A period or occasion of general licemse,
in which the passions or vices have riotous indulgence.</def>
<hw>Sat`ur*na"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to the Saturnalia.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of unrestrained and intemperate jollity;
riotously merry; dissolute.</def> \'bd<xex>Saturnalian</xex>
amusement.\'b8
<au>Burke.</au>
<hw>Sa*tur"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Saturnius</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Roman Myth.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to Saturn, whose age or reign, from the
mildness and wisdom of his government, is called the <xex>golden
age</xex>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Resembling the golden age; distinguished
for peacefulness, happiness, contentment.</def>
<q>Augustus, born to bring <qex>Saturnian</qex> times.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
planet Saturn; <as>as, the <ex>Saturnian</ex> year</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Saturnian verse</col> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>, <cd>a meter
employed by early Roman satirists, consisting of three iambics
and an extra syllable followed by three trochees, as in the line:
--
Th<ecr/ qu<emac/en | w<acr/s <ismac/n | th<ecr/ k<ismac/tch |
<ecr/n \'d8 <emac/at<icr/ng | br<emac/ad <acr/nd |
h<omac/n<ecr/y.
</cd></cs>
<hw>Sa*tur"ni*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of large handsome moths
belonging to <spn>Saturnia</spn> and allied genera. The Luna
moth, polyphemus, and promethea, are examples. They belong to the
Silkworn family, and some are raised for their silk. See
<er>Polyphemus</er>.</def>
<hw>Sat`urn*i*cen"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Appearing as if seen from the center of
the planet Saturn; relating or referred to Saturn as a
center.</def>
<hw>Sat"ur*nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Saturnus</ets> the god Saturn, also, the planet Saturn: cf.
F. <ets>saturnin</ets> of or pertaining to lead (Saturn, in old
chemistry, meaning lead),<ets>saturnien</ets> saturnine,
saturnian. See <er>Saturn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Born
under, or influenced by, the planet Saturn.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Heavy; grave; gloomy; dull; -- the opposite of
<xex>mercurial</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>saturnine</ex> person or
temper</as>.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to lead;
characterized by, or resembling, lead, which was formerly called
<xex>Saturn</xex>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<cs><col>Saturnine colic</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>lead
colic.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sat"ur*nism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Plumbum.</def>
<au>Quain.</au>
<hw>Sat"ur*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person of
a dull, grave, gloomy temperament.</def>
<au>W. browne.</au>
<hw>Sa"tyr</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>satyrus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>satyre</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A sylvan deity or
demigod, represented as part man and part goat, and characterized
by riotous merriment and lasciviousness.</def>
<q>Rough <qex>Satyrs</qex> danced; and Fauns, with cloven heel,
From the glad sound would not be absent long.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of many species of
butterflies belonging to the family <spn>Nymphalid\'91</spn>.
Their colors are commonly brown and gray, often with ocelli on
the wings. Called also <altname>meadow browns</altname>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The orangoutang.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sat`y*ri"a*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Satyr</er>.]</ety> <def>Immoderate venereal
appetite in the male.</def>
<au>Quain.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sa*tyr"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sa*tyr"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>satyricus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to
satyrs; burlesque; <as>as, <ex>satyric</ex> tragedy</as>.</def>
<au>P. Cyc.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sa*tyr"i*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any one of several
kinds of orchids.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sau"ba ant`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
South American ant (<spn>Ecodoma cephalotes</spn>) remarkable for
having two large kinds of workers besides the ordinary ones, and
for the immense size of its formicaries. The sauba ant cuts off
leaves of plants and carries them into its subterranean nests,
and thus often does great damage by defoliating trees and
cultivated plants.</def><-- a leaf-cutting ant -->
<hw>Sauce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. OF.
<ets>sausse</ets>, LL. <ets>salsa</ets>, properly, salt pickle,
fr. L. <ets>salsus</ets> salted, salt, p.p. of <ets>salire</ets>
to salt, fr. <ets>sal</ets> salt. See <er>Salt</er>, and cf.
<er>Saucer</er>, <er>Souse</er> pickle, <er>Souse</er> to
plunge.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A composition of condiments and
appetizing ingredients eaten with food as a relish; especially, a
dressing for meat or fish or for puddings; <as>as, mint
<ex>sauce</ex>; sweet <ex>sauce</ex>, etc.</as></def>
\'bdPoignant <xex>sauce</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>High <qex>sauces</qex> and rich spices fetched from the
Indies.</q>
<qau>Sir S. Baker.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any garden vegetables eaten with meat.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<au>Forby. Bartlett.</au>
<q>Roots, herbs, vine fruits, and salad flowers . . . they dish
up various ways, and find them very delicious <qex>sauce</qex> to
their meats, both roasted and boiled, fresh and salt.</q>
<qau>Beverly.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Stewed or preserved fruit eaten with other food
as a relish; <as>as, apple <ex>sauce</ex>, cranberry
<ex>sauce</def></ex>, etc.</as> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> \'bdStewed
apple <xex>sauce</xex>.\'b8
<au>Mrs. Lincoln (Cook Book).</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Sauciness; impertinence.</def>
<mark>[Low.]</mark>
<au>Haliwell.</au>
<cs><col>To serve one the same sauce</col>, <cd>to retaliate in
the same kind. <mark>[Vulgar]</mark></cd></cs>
<-- p. 1279 -->
<hw>Sauce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>saucer</ets>.]</ety> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>
<er>Sauced</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Saucing</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
accompany with something intended to give a higher relish; to
supply with appetizing condiments; to season; to flavor.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to relish anything, as if with a sauce;
to tickle or gratify, as the palate; to please; to stimulate;
hence, to cover, mingle, or dress, as if with sauce; to make an
application to.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Earth, yield me roots;
Who seeks for better of thee, <qex>sauce</qex> his palate
With thy most operant poison!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make poignant; to give zest, flavor or
interest to; to set off; to vary and render attractive.</def>
<q>Then fell she to <qex>sauce</qex> her desires with
threatenings.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To treat with bitter, pert, or tart language; to
be impudent or sancy to.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Low]</mark>
<q>I'll <qex>sauce</qex> her with bitter words.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Sauce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Fine Art)</fld> <def>A soft crayon for use in stump drawing
or in shading with the stump.</def>
<hw>Sauce"-a*lone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Jack-by-the-hedge. See
under <er>Jack</er>.</def>
<hw>Sauce"box`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sauce</er>, and <er>Saucy</er>.]</ety> <def>A saucy, impudent
person; especially, a pert child.</def>
<q>Saucebox, go, meddle with your lady's fan,
And prate not here!</q>
<qau>A. Brewer.</qau>
<hw>Sauce"pan`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small pan
with a handle, in which sauce is prepared over a fire; a
stewpan.</def>
<hw>Sau"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sauci\'8are</ets>, from <ets>sauce</ets>. see
<er>Sauce</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small pan or vessel in
which sauce was set on a table.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small dish, commonly deeper than a plate, in
which a cup is set at table.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something resembling a saucer in shape.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A flat, shallow caisson for
raising sunken ships</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A shallow socket
for the pivot of a capstan.</def>
<-- <col>Flying saucer</col>, <cd>a type of Unidentified Flying
Object, having a biconvex discoid shape; such objects are
occasionally reported to have been sighted, but no example of one
has been reliably shown to exist.</cd> They are believed by
ufologists to originate in outer space, but they are generally
presumed to be misinterpretations of ordinary phenomena,
illusions or imaginary objects. Fraudulent photographs
purporting to show flying saucers are published from time to
time. -->
<hw>Sau"ci*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a saucy
manner; impudently; with impertinent boldness.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Sau"ci*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being saucy; that which is saucy; impertinent boldness; contempt
of superiors; impudence.</def>
<q>Your <qex>sauciness</qex> will jest upon my love.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Impudence; impertinence; rudeness; insolence. see
<er>Impudence</er>.</syn>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Sau`cis`son"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sau`cisse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,
fr. <ets>saucisse</ets> sausage. See <er>Sausage</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mining or Gun.)</fld> <def>A long and slender
pipe or bag, made of cloth well pitched, or of leather, filled
with powder, and used to communicate fire to mines, caissons,
bomb chests, etc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A fascine of more than
ordinary length.</def>
<hw>Sau"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Saucier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sauciest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Sauce</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Showing impertinent
boldness or pertness; transgressing the rules of decorum;
treating superiors with contempt; impudent; insolent; <as>as, a
<ex>saucy</ex> fellow</as>.</def>
<q>Am I not protector, <qex>saucy</qex> priest?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expressive of, or characterized by, impudence;
impertinent; <as>as, a <ex>saucy</ex> eye; <ex>saucy</ex>
looks</as>.</def>
<q>We then have done you bold and <qex>sausy</qex> wrongs.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Impudent; insolent; impertinent; rude.</syn>
<hw>Sauer"kraut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., fr.
<ets>sauer</ets> sour + <ets>kraut</ets> herb, cabbage.]</ety>
<def>Cabbage cut fine and allowed to ferment in a brine made of
its own juice with salt, -- a German dish.</def>
<hw>Sauf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Safe.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>haucer.</au>
<hw>Sauf</hw>, <pos>conj. & prep.</pos> <def>Save; except.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Sauf</xex> I myself.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sauf"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Safely.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sau"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American fresh-water food fish
(<spn>Stizostedion Canadense</spn>); -- called also <altname>gray
pike</altname>, <altname>blue pike</altname>,
<altname>hornfish</altname>, <altname>land pike</altname>,
<altname>sand pike</altname>, <altname>pickering</altname>, and
<altname>pickerel</altname>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Saugh</hw>, <hw>Sauh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,
<mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. sing.</pos> of
<er>See</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sauks</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Sacs</er>.</def>
<hw>Saul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Soul.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Saul</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Sal</er>, the
tree.</def>
<hw>Sau"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hired mourner
at a funeral.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sault</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF., F.
<ets>saut</ets>, fr. L. <ets>saltus</ets> See <er>Salt</er> a
leap.]</ety> <def>A rapid in some rivers; <as>as, the
<ex>Sault</ex> Ste. Marie</as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Saun"ders</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sandress</er>.</def>
<hw>Saun"ders-blue`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Corrupted fr. F. <ets>cendres bleues</ets> blue
ashes.]</ety> <def>A kind of color prepared from calcined lapis
lazuli; ultramarine; also, a blue prepared from carbonate of
copper.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sanders-blue</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Saun"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sauntered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sauntering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also
<ets>santer</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Probably fr. F.
<ets>s'aventurer</ets> to adventure (one's self), through a
shortened form <ets>s'auntrer</ets>. See <er>Adventure</er>,
<pos>n. & v.</pos>]</ety> <def>To wander or walk about idly and
in a leisurely or lazy manner; to lounge; to stroll; to
loiter.</def>
<q>One could lie under elm trees in a lawn, or <qex>saunter</qex>
in meadows by the side of a stream.</q>
<qau>Masson.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To loiter; linger; stroll; wander.</syn>
<hw>Saun"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sauntering, or a
sauntering place.</def>
<q>That wheel of fops, that <qex>saunter</qex> of the town.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<hw>Saun"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
saunters.</def>
<hw>Saur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contracted from
Gael. <ets>salachar</ets> filth, nastiness, fr. <ets>salach</ets>
nasty, fr. <ets>sal</ets> filth, refuse.]</ety> <def>Soil; dirt;
dirty water; urine from a cowhouse.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sau"rel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any carangoid fish of the genus
<spn>Trachurus</spn>, especially <spn>T. trachurus</spn>, or
<spn>T. saurus</spn>, of Europe and America, and <spn>T.
picturatus</spn> of California. Called also
<altname>skipjack</altname>, and <altname>horse
mackarel</altname>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sau"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
from Gr. <?/ a liard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
division of Reptilia formerly established to include the
Lacertilia, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, and other groups. By some
writers the name is restricted to the Lacertilia.</def>
<hw>Sau"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to, or of the nature
of, the Sauria.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
Sauria.</def></def2>
<hw>Sau"ri*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Sauroid</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sau"ro*ba*tra"chi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Sauria</er>, and <er>Batrachia</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Urodela.</def>
<hw>Sau*rog"na*thous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ a lizard + <?/ the jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Having the bones of the palate arranged as in saurians, the
vomer consisting of two lateral halves, as in the woodpeckers.
(<spn>Pici</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sau"roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a
lizard + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/ lizardlike.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Like or pertaining to the
saurians.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Resembling a saurian
superficially; <as>as, a <ex>sauroid</ex> fish</as>.</def>
<hw>Sau`roid*ich"nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sauroid</er>, and <er>Ichnite</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>The fossil track of a saurian.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sau*rop"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a lizard + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of herbivorous
dinosaurs having the feet of a saurian type, instead of birdlike,
as they are in many dinosaurs. It includes the Largest Known land
animals, belonging to Brontosaurus, Camarasaurus, and alied
genera. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sau*rop"si*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a lizard + <?/ appearance.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive group of vertebrates,
comprising the reptiles and birds.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sau*rop`te*ryg"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a lizard + <?/, <?/, a wing.]</ety>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Plesiosauria</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sau*ru"r\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a lizard + <?/ a tail.]</ety>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of birds having a long
vertebrated tail with quills along each side of it.
Arch\'91opteryx is the type. See <er>Arch\'91opteryx</er>, and
<er>Odontornithes</er>.</def>
<hw>Sau"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sauries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A slender marine
fish (<spn>Scombresox saurus</spn>) of Europe and America. It has
long, thin, beaklike jaws. Called also
<altname>billfish</altname>, <altname>gowdnook</altname>,
<altname>gawnook</altname>, <altname>skipper</altname>,
<altname>skipjack</altname>, <altname>skopster</altname>,
<altname>lizard fish</altname>, and <altname>Egypt
herring</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sau"sage</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>saucisse</ets>, LL. <ets>salcitia</ets>,
<ets>salcicia</ets>, fr. <ets>salsa</ets>. See
<er>Sauce</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An article of food
consisting of meat (esp. pork) minced and highly seasoned, and
inclosed in a cylindrical case or skin usually made of the
prepared intestine of some animal.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A saucisson. See <er>Saucisson</er>.</def>
<au>Wilhelm.</au>
<hw>Sau"se*flem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>saus</ets> salt (L. <ets>salsus</ets>) + <ets>flemme</ets>
phlegm.]</ety> <def>Having a red, pimpled face.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sawceflem</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Saus"sur*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. So
called from M. <ets>Saussure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>A tough, compact mineral, of a white, greenish, or grayish
color. It is near zoisite in composition, and in part, at least,
has been produced by the alteration of feldspar.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Saut</hw>, <hw>Saute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>An assault.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sau`te"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Sauter</er>.</def>
<au>C. Owen.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sau`ter"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.,
properly, to jump.]</ety> <def>To fry lightly and quickly, as
meat, by turning ot tossing it over frequently in a hot pan
greased with a little fat.</def>
<hw>Sau"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Psalter.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<hw>Sau`te*relle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>An instrument used by masons and others to trace and form
angles.</def>
<hw>Sau`terne"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>A white wine made in the district of <xex>sauterne</xex>,
France.</def>
<hw>Sau"trie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Psaltery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sau`ve*garde"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The monitor.</def>
<hw>Sav"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Save</er>. Cf. <er>Salvable</er>.]</ety> <def>capable of, or
admitting of, being saved.</def>
<q>In the person prayed for there ought to be the great
disposition of being in a <qex>savable</qex> condition.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Sav"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Capability of being
saved.</def>
<hw>Sa*va"ci*oun`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Salvation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sav"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sauvage</ets>, OF. <ets>salvage</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>silvaticus</ets> belonging to a wood, wild, fr.
<ets>silva</ets> a wood. See <er>Silvan</er>, and cf.
<er>Sylvatic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to
the forest; remote from human abodes and cultivation; in a state
of nature; nature; wild; <as>as, a <ex>savage</ex>
wilderness</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wild; untamed; uncultivated; <as>as,
<ex>savage</ex> beasts</as>.</def>
<q>Cornels, and <qex>savage</qex> berries of the wood.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Uncivilized; untaught; unpolished; rude; <as>as,
<ex>savage</ex> life; <ex>savage</ex> manners</as>.</def>
<q>What nation, since the commencement of the Christian era, ever
rose from <qex>savage</qex> to civilized without
Christianity?</q>
<qau>E. D. Griffin.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Characterized by cruelty; barbarous; fierce;
ferocious; inhuman; brutal; <as>as, a <ex>savage</ex>
spirit</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Ferocious; wild; uncultivated; untamed; untaught;
uncivilized; unpolished; rude; brutish; brutal; heathenish;
barbarous; cruel; inhuman; fierce; pitiless; merciless;
unmerciful; atrocious. See <er>Ferocious</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sav"age</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A human being in
his native state of rudeness; one who is untaught; uncivilized,
or without cultivation of mind or manners.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man of extreme, unfeeling, brutal cruelty; a
barbarian.</def>
<hw>Sav"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make
savage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Its bloodhounds, <qex>savaged</qex> by a cross of wolf.</q>
<qau>South<?/.</qau>
<hw>Sav"age*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a savage
manner.</def>
<hw>Sav"age*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of
being savage.</def>
<q>Wolves and bears, they say,
Casting their <qex>savageness</qex> aside have done
Like offices of pity.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sav"age*ry</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sauvagerie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being
savage; savageness; savagism.</def>
<q>A like work of primeval <qex>savagery</qex>.</q>
<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act of cruelty; barbarity.</def>
<q>The wildest <qex>savagery</qex>, the vilest stroke,
That ever wall-eyed wrath or staring rage
Presented to the tears of soft remorse.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Wild growth, as of plants.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sav"a*gism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of
being savage; the state of rude, uncivilized men, or of men in
their native wildness and rudeness.</def>
<hw>Sav`a*nil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tarpum.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sa*van"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of American
Indian origin; cf. Sp. <ets>sabana</ets>, F.
<ets>savane</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tract of level land covered with
the vegetable growth usually found in a damp soil and warm
climate, -- as grass or reeds, -- but destitute of trees.</def>
<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>savannah</asp>.]</altsp>
<q><qex>Savannahs</qex> are clear pieces land without woods.</q>
<qau>Dampier.</qau>
<cs><col>Savanna flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West
Indian name for several climbing apocyneous plants of the genus
<spn>Echites</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Savanna sparrow</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American sparrow (<spn>Ammodramus
sandwichensis</spn> or <spn>Passerculus savanna</spn>) of which
several varieties are found on grassy plains from Alaska to the
Eastern United States.</cd> -- <col>Savanna wattle</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name of two West Indian trees of the
genus <spn>Citharexylum</spn>.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Sa`vant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Savants</plw> <pr>(F. <?/; E. <?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>savoir</ets> to know, L. <ets>sapere</ets>. See
<er>Sage</er>, <ets>a</ets>.]</ety> <def>A man of learning; one
versed in literature or science; a person eminent for
acquirements.</def>
<hw>Save</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sage</er>
the herb.]</ety> <def>The herb sage, or salvia.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Save</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Saved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Saving</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>saven</ets>, <ets>sauven</ets>, <ets>salven</ets>,
OF. <ets>salver</ets>, <ets>sauver</ets>, F. <ets>sauver</ets>,
L. <ets>salvare</ets>, fr. <ets>salvus</ets> saved, safe. See
<er>Safe</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make
safe; to procure the safety of; to preserve from injury,
destruction, or evil of any kind; to rescue from impending
danger; <as>as, to <ex>save</ex> a house from the
flames</as>.</def>
<q>God <qex>save</qex> all this fair company.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>He cried, saying, Lord, <qex>save</qex> me.</q>
<qau>Matt. xiv. 30.</qau>
<q>Thou hast . . . quitted all to <qex>save</qex>
A world from utter loss.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Specifically, to deliver
from and its penalty; to rescue from a state of condemnation and
spiritual death, and bring into a state of spiritual life.</def>
<q>Christ Jesus came into the world to <qex>save</qex>
sinners.</q>
<qau>1 Tim. i. 15.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To keep from being spent or lost; to secure from
waste or expenditure; to lay up; to reserve.</def>
<q>Now save a nation, and now <qex>save</qex> a groat.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To rescue from something undesirable or hurtful;
to prevent from doing something; to spare.</def>
<q>I'll <qex>save</qex> you
That labor, sir. All's now done.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To hinder from doing, suffering, or happening;
to obviate the necessity of; to prevent; to spare.</def>
<q>Will you not speak to <qex>save</qex> a lady's blush?</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To hold possession or use of; to escape loss
of.</def>
<q>Just <qex>saving</qex> the tide, and putting in a stock of
merit.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<cs><col>To save appearance</col>, <cd>to preserve a decent
outside; to avoid exposure of a discreditable state of
things.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To preserve; rescue; deliver; protect; spare;
reserve; prevent.</syn>
<hw>Save</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To avoid unnecessary expense
or expenditure; to prevent waste; to be economical.</def>
<q>Brass ordnance <qex>saveth</qex> in the quantity of the
material.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<hw>Save</hw>, <pos>prep. <or/ conj.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sauf</ets>, properly adj., safe. See <er>Safe</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Except; excepting; not including;
leaving out; deducting; reserving; saving.</def>
<q>Five times received I forty stripes <qex>save</qex> one.</q>
<qau>2 Cor. xi. 24.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Except</er>.</syn>
<hw>Save</hw>, <pos>conj.</pos> <def>Except; unless.</def>
<hw>Save"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Savable</er>.</def>
<hw>Save"-all`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Save</ets> + <ets>all</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anything
which saves fragments, or prevents waste or loss.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A device in a candlestick to hold
the ends of candles, so that they be burned.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small sail sometimes set under the foot
of another sail, to catch the wind that would pass under
it.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<sd>(c)</sd> A trough to prevent waste in a paper-making machine.
<hw>Sav"e*loy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>cervelas</ets>, It. <ets>cervellata</ets>, fr.
<ets>cervello</ets> brain, L. <ets>cerebellum</ets>, dim. of
<ets>cerebrum</ets> brain. See <er>Cerebral</er>.]</ety> <def>A
kind of dried sausage.</def>
<au>McElrath.</au>
<hw>Save"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Safely.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Save"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
saving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sav"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
saves.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sav"in</hw>, <hw>Sav"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>saveine</ets>, AS.
<ets>safin\'91</ets>, <ets>savine</ets>, L. <ets>sabina
herba</ets>. Cf. <er>Sabine</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sabine</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
coniferous shrub (<spn>Juniperus Sabina</spn>) of Western Asia,
occasionally found also in the northern parts of the United
States and in British America. It is a compact bush, with
dark-colored foliage, and produces small berries having a
glaucous bloom. Its bitter, acrid tops are sometimes used in
medicine for gout, amenorrh\'d2a, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The North American red cedar (<spn>Juniperus
Virginiana</spn>.)</def>
<hw>Sav"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>1. Preserving;
rescuing.</def>
<q>He is the <qex>saving</qex> strength of his anointed.</q>
<qau>Ps. xxviii. 8.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Avoiding unnecessary expense or waste; frugal;
not lavish or wasteful; economical; <as>as, a <ex>saving</ex>
cook</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Bringing back in returns or in receipts the sum
expended; incurring no loss, though not gainful; <as>as, a
<ex>saving</ex> bargain; the ship has made a <ex>saving</ex>
voyage</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Making reservation or exception; <as>as, a
<ex>saving</ex> clause</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>saving</xex> is often used with a noun to form
a compound adjective; <as>as, labor-<ex>saving</ex>,
life-<ex>saving</ex>, etc.</as></note>
<-- p. 1280 -->
<hw>Sav"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep. <or/ conj.</pos>; but
properly a <pos>participle</pos>. <def>With the exception of;
except; excepting; also, without disrespect to.</def>
\'bd<xex>Saving</xex> your reverence.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>
\'bd<xex>Saving</xex> your presence.\'b8 <au>Burns.</au>
<q>None of us put off clothes, <qex>saving</qex> that every one
put them off for washing.</q>
<qau>Neh. iv. 23.</qau>
<q>And in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth
<qex>saving</qex> he that receiveth it.</q>
<qau>Rev. ii. 17.</qau>
<hw>Sav"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something kept
from being expended or lost; that which is saved or laid up;
<as>as, the <ex>savings</ex> of years of economy</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exception; reservation.</def>
<q>Contend not with those that are too strong for us, but still
with a <qex>saving</qex> to honesty.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<cs><col>Savings bank</col>, <cd>a bank in which savings or
earnings are deposited and put at interest.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sav"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a saving
manner; with frugality or parsimony.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>So as to be finally saved from eternal
death.</def>
<q><qex>Savingly</qex> born of water and the Spirit.</q>
<qau>Waterland.</qau>
<hw>Sav"ing*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality
of being saving; carefulness not to expend money uselessly;
frugality; parsimony.</def>
<au>Mrs. H. H. Jackson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tendency to promote salvation.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>Sav"ior</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>saveour</ets>, OF. <ets>salveor</ets>, F.
<ets>sauveur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>salvator</ets> to save. See
<er>Save</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>saviour</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who saves,
preserves, or delivers from destruction or danger.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: <xex>The</xex> (or <xex>our</xex>,
<xex>your</xex>, etc.) <xex>Savior</xex>, he who brings salvation
to men; Jesus Christ, the Redeemer.</def>
<hw>Sav"ior*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female savior.</def>
<mark>[Written also saviouress.]</mark> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sa"vor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>savour</ets>, <ets>savor</ets>, <ets>savur</ets>, OF.
<ets>savor</ets>, <ets>savour</ets>, F. <ets>saveur</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>sapor</ets>, fr. <ets>sapere</ets> to taste, savor. See
<er>Sage</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Sapid</er>,
<er>Insipid</er>, <er>Sapor</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>savour</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That property of a
thing which affects the organs of taste or smell; taste and odor;
flavor; relish; scent; <as>as, the <ex>savor</ex> of an orange or
a rose; an ill <ex>savor</ex></as>.</def>
<q>I smell sweet <qex>savors</qex> and I feel soft things.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, specific flavor or quality;
characteristic property; distinctive temper, tinge, taint, and
the like.</def>
<q>Why is not my life a continual joy, and the <qex>savor</qex>
of heaven perpetually upon my spirit?</q>
<qau>Baxter.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Sense of smell; power to scent, or trace by
scent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdBeyond my
<xex>savor</xex>.\'b8
<au>Herbert.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Pleasure; delight; attractiveness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>She shall no <qex>savor</qex> have therein but lite.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Taste; flavor; relish; odor; scent; smell.</syn>
<hw>Sa"vor</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Savored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Savoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>savorer</ets>, F. <ets>savourer</ets>. See <er>Savor</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>savour</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have a particular
smell or taste; -- with <xex>of</xex>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To partake of the quality or nature; to indicate
the presence or influence; to smack; -- with <xex>of</xex>.</def>
<q>This <qex>savors</qex> not much of distraction.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>I have rejected everything that <qex>savors</qex> of
party.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To use the sense of taste.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>By sight, hearing, smelling, tasting or <qex>savoring</qex>,
and feeling.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sa"vor</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To perceive by
the smell or the taste; hence, to perceive; to note.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have the flavor or quality of; to indicate
the presence of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>That cuts us off from hope, and <qex>savors</qex> only
Rancor and pride, impatience and despite.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To taste or smell with pleasure; to delight in;
to relish; to like; to favor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sa"vor*i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
savory manner.</def>
<hw>Sa"vor*i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
savory.</def>
<hw>Sa"vor*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no savor;
destitute of smell or of taste; insipid.</def>
<hw>Sa"vor*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Savory.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sa"vor*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a savory
manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Sa"vor*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>savoureux</ets>, OF. <ets>saveros</ets>, L.
<ets>saporosus</ets>. Cf. <er>Saporous</er>, and see
<er>Savor</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Having a savor;
savory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Rom. of R.</au>
<hw>Sa"vor*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Savor</er>.]</ety> <def>Pleasing to the organs of taste or
smell.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>savoury</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>The chewing flocks
Had ta'en their supper on the <qex>savory</qex> herb.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sa"vor*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>savor\'82e</ets>; cf. It. <ets>santoreggia</ets>,
<ets>satureja</ets>, L. <ets>satureia</ets>,]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aromatic labiate plant (<spn>Satireia
hortensis</spn>), much used in cooking; -- also called
<altname>summer savory</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>savoury</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sa*voy"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>chou
de Savoie</ets> cabbage of Savoy.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
variety of the common cabbage <fld>(Brassica oleracea
major)</fld>, having curled leaves, -- much cultivated for winter
use.</def>
<hw>Sav`oy*ard"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>A native or inhabitant of Savoy.</def>
<hw>Saw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>See</er>.</def>
<hw>Saw</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sawe</ets>, AS. sagu;
akin to <ets>secgan</ets> to say. See <er>Say</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> and cf. <er>Saga</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Something said; speech; discourse.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTo hearken all his <xex>sawe</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A saying; a proverb; a maxim.</def>
<q>His champions are the prophets and apostles,
His weapons holy <qex>saws</qex> of sacred writ.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Dictate; command; decree.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>[Love] rules the creatures by his powerful <qex>saw</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Saw</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sawe</ets>, AS.
<ets>sage</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zaag</ets>, G.
<ets>s\'84ge</ets>, OHG. <ets>sega</ets>, <ets>saga</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sav</ets>, sw. <ets>s\'86g</ets>, Icel. <ets>s\'94g</ets>,
L. <ets>secare</ets> to cut, <ets>securis</ets> ax,
<ets>secula</ets> sickle. Cf. <er>Scythe</er>, <er>Sickle</er>,
<er>Section</er>, <er>Sedge</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for
cutting or dividing substances, as wood, iron, etc., consisting
of a thin blade, or plate, of steel, with a series of sharp teeth
on the edge, which remove successive portions of the material by
cutting and tearing.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Saw</xex> is frequently used adjectively, or as
the first part of a compound.</note>
<cs><mcol><col>Band saw</col>, <col>Crosscut saw</col>,
etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Band</er>, <er>Crosscut</er>,
etc.</cd> -- <col>Circular saw</col>, <cd>a disk of steel with
saw teeth upon its periphery, and revolved on an arbor.</cd> --
<col>Saw bench</col>, <cd>a bench or table with a flat top for
for sawing, especially with a circular saw which projects above
the table.</cd> -- <col>Saw file</col>, <cd>a three-cornered
file, such as is used for sharpening saw teeth.</cd> -- <col>Saw
frame</col>, <cd>the frame or sash in a sawmill, in which the
saw, or gang of saws, is held.</cd> -- <col>Saw gate</col>, <cd>a
saw frame.</cd> -- <col>Saw gin</col>, <cd>the form of cotton gin
invented by Eli Whitney, in which the cotton fibers are drawn, by
the teeth, of a set of revolving circular saws, through a wire
grating which is too fine for the seeds to pass.</cd> -- <col>Saw
grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any one of certain cyperaceous
plants having the edges of the leaves set with minute sharp
teeth, especially the <spn>Cladium effusum</spn> of the Southern
United States. Cf. <cref>Razor grass</cref>, under
<er>Razor</er>.</cd> -- <col>Saw log</col>, <cd>a log of suitable
size for sawing into lumber.</cd> -- <col>Saw mandrel</col>,
<cd>a mandrel on which a circular saw is fastened for
running.</cd> -- <col>Saw pit</col>, <cd>a pit over which timbor
is sawed by two men, one standing below the timber and the other
above.</cd> <au>Mortimer.</au> -- <col>Saw sharpener</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the great titmouse; -- so named from
its harsh call note.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Saw
whetter</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the marsh titmouse
(<spn>Parus palustris</spn>); -- so named from its call
note.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Scroll saw</col>,
<cd>a ribbon of steel with saw teeth upon one edge, stretched in
a frame and adapted for sawing curved outlines; also, a machine
in which such a saw is worked by foot or power.</cd></cs>
<hw>Saw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Sawed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Sawed</er> <or/ <er>Sawn</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sawing</er>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut with a saw; to separate with a saw;
<as>as, to <ex>saw</ex> timber or marble</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form by cutting with a saw; <as>as, to
<ex>saw</ex> boards or planks, that is, to saw logs or timber
into boards or planks; to <ex>saw</ex> shingles; to <ex>saw</ex>
out a panel</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Also used figuratively; <as>as, to <ex>saw</ex>
the air</as>.</def>
<hw>Saw</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To use a saw; to
practice sawing; <as>as, a man <ex>saws</ex> well</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut, as a saw; <as>as, the saw or mill
<ex>saws</ex> fast</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be cut with a saw; <as>as, the timber
<ex>saws</ex> smoothly</as>.</def>
<hw>Sa*war"ra nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Souari
nut</er>.</def>
<hw>Saw"bel`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
alewife.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Saw"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
merganser.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Saw"bones`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A nickname
for a surgeon.</def>
<hw>Saw"buck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sawhorse.</def>
<-- 2. A ten-dollar bill [Colloq., from the Roman X for ten].
double sawbuck, a twenty-dollar bill -->
<hw>SAw"ce*flem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sauseflem</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Saw"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A corrupt
spelling and pronunciation of <xex>solder</xex>.</def>
<cs><col>Soft sawder</col>, <cd>seductive praise; flattery;
blarney. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>
<hw>Saw"dust`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Dust or small
fragments of wood 9or of stone, etc.) made by the cutting of a
saw.</def>
<hw>Saw"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of
elasmobranch fishes of the genus <spn>Pristis</spn>. They have a
sharklike form, but are more nearly allied to the rays. The
flattened and much elongated snout has a row of stout toothlike
structures inserted along each edge, forming a sawlike organ with
which it mutilates or kills its prey.</def>
<hw>Saw"fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of
hymenopterous insects belonging to the family
<spn>Tenthredinid\'91</spn>. The female usually has an ovipositor
containing a pair of sawlike organs with which she makes
incisions in the leaves or stems of plants in which to lay the
eggs. The larv\'91 resemble those of Lepidoptera.</def>
<hw>Saw"horse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
rack, shaped like a double St. Andrew's cross, on which sticks of
wood are laid for sawing by hand; -- called also
<altname>buck</altname>, and <altname>sawbuck</altname>.</def>
<hw>Saw"mill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mill for
sawing, especially one for sawing timber or lumber.</def>
<hw>Saw"neb`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
merganser.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Saw" pal*met"to</hw>. <def>See under <er>Palmetto</er>.</def>
<hw>Saw"-set`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An instrument
used to set or turn the teeth of a saw a little sidewise, that
they may make a kerf somewhat wider than the thickness of the
blade, to prevent friction; -- called also
<altname>saw-wrest</altname>.</def>
<hw>Saw"tooth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An arctic seal (<spn>Lobodon
carcinophaga</spn>), having the molars serrated; -- called also
<altname>crabeating seal</altname>.</def>
<hw>Saw"-toothed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
tooth or teeth like those of a saw; serrate.</def>
<hw>Saw"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
psaltery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>saw"-whet`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small North American owl
(<spn>Nyctale Acadica</spn>), destitute of ear tufts and having
feathered toes; -- called also <altname>Acadian
owl</altname>.</def>
<hw>Saw"-wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Any plant of the composite genus <spn>Serratula</spn>; -- so
named from the serrated leaves of most of the species.</def>
<hw>Saw"-wrest`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Saw-set</er>.</def>
<hw>Saw"yer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Saw</ets>
+ <ets>-yer</ets>, as in lawyer. Cf. <er>Sawer</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One whose occupation is to saw timber into
planks or boards, or to saw wood for fuel; a sawer.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tree which has fallen into a stream so that
its branches project above the surface, rising and falling with a
rocking or swaying motion in the current.</def>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bowfin.</def>
<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>seax</ets> a knife.]</ety> <def>A kind of chopping
instrument for trimming the edges of roofing slates.</def>
<hw>Sax"a*tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saxatilis</ets>, fr. <ets>saxum</ets> a rock: cf. F.
<ets>saxalite</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to rocks;
living among rocks; <as>as, a <ex>saxatile</ex> plant</as>.</def>
<hw>Sax"horn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<def>A name given to a numerous family of brass wind instruments
with valves, invented by Antoine Joseph <xex>Sax</xex> (known as
Adolphe Sax), of Belgium and Paris, and much used in military
bands and in orchestras.</def>
<hw>Sax`i*ca"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>saxicavas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Saxicav\'91</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Saxicavous</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of marine bivalve shells
of the genus <spn>Saxicava</spn>. Some of the species are noted
for their power of boring holes in limestone and similar
rocks.</def>
<hw>Sax`i*ca"vid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
saxicavas.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
saxicava.</def></def2>
<hw>Sax`i*ca"vous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saxum</ets> rock + <ets>cavare</ets> to make hollow, fr.
<ets>cavus</ets> hollow: cf. F. <ets>saxicave</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Boring, or hollowing out, rocks; --
said of certain mollusks which live in holes which they burrow in
rocks. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Lithodomus</er>.</def>
<hw>Sax*ic"o*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saxum</ets> a rock + <ets>colere</ets> to inhabit.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Stone-inhabiting; pertaining to, or
having the characteristics of, the stonechats.</def>
<hw>Sax*ic"o*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Saxicoline</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing on
rocks.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sax*if"ra*ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
saxifrage. See <er>Saxifrage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A genus of exogenous polypetalous plants, embracing about
one hundred and eighty species. See <er>Saxifrage</er>.</def>
<hw>Sax`i*fra*ga"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of
plants (<spn>Saxifragace\'91</spn>) of which saxifrage is the
type. The order includes also the alum root, the hydrangeas, the
mock orange, currants and gooseberries, and many other
plants.</def>
<hw>Sax*if"ra*gant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Saxifrage</er>.]</ety> <def>Breaking or destroying stones;
saxifragous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<def>That which breaks or destroys stones.</def></def2>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sax"i*frage</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saxifraga</ets>, from <ets>saxifragus</ets> stone-breaking;
<ets>saxum</ets> rock + <ets>frangere</ets> to break: cf. F.
<ets>saxifrage</ets>. See <er>Fracture</er>, and cf.
<er>Sassafras</er>, <er>Saxon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Saxifraga</spn>, mostly
perennial herbs growing in crevices of rocks in mountainous
regions.</def>
<cs><col>Burnet saxifrage</col>, <cd>a European umbelliferous
plant (<spn>Pimpinella Saxifraga</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Golden
saxifrage</col>, <cd>a low half-sacculent herb
(<spn>Chrysosplenium oppositifolium</spn>) growing in rivulets in
Europe; also, <spn>C. Americanum</spn>, common in the United
States. See also under <er>Golden</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Meadow
saxifrage</col>, or <col>Pepper saxifrage</col></mcol>. <cd>See
under <er>Meadow</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sax*if"ra*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saxifragus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>saxifrage</ets>. See
<er>Saxifrage</er>.]</ety> <def>Dissolving stone, especially
dissolving stone in the bladder.</def>
<hw>Sax"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[l.
<ets>Saxo</ets>, pl. <ets>Saxones</ets>, from the Saxon national
name; cf. AS. pl. <ets>Seaxe</ets>, <ets>Seaxan</ets>, fr.
<ets>seax</ets> a knife, a short sword, a dagger (akin to OHG.
<ets>sahs</ets>, and perhaps to L. <ets>saxum</ets> rock, stone,
knives being originally made of stone); and cf. G.
<ets>Sachse</ets>, pl. <ets>Sachsen</ets>. Cf.
<er>Saxifrage</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a
nation or people who formerly dwelt in the nothern part of
Germany, and who, with other Teutonic tribes, invaded and
conquered England in the fifth and sixth centuries.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Also used in the sense of
<xex>Anglo-Saxon</xex></cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A native or
inhabitant of modern Saxony.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The language of the Saxons; Anglo-Saxon.</def>
<cs><col>old Saxon</col>, <cd>the saxon of the continent of
Europe in the old form of the language, as shown particularly in
the \'bdHeliand\'b8, a metrical narration of the gospel history
preserved in manuscripts of the 9th century.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sax"on</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Saxons, their country, or their language.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Anglo-Saxon.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to
Saxony or its inhabitants.</def>
<cs><col>Saxon blue</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a deep blue
liquid used in dyeing, and obtained by dissolving indigo in
concentrated sulphuric acid.</cd> <au>Brande & C.</au> --
<col>Saxon green</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a green color
produced by dyeing with yellow upon a ground of Saxon
blue.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sax*on"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>relating to
the saxons or Anglo-Saxons.</def>
<hw>Sax"on*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An idiom of
the Saxon or Anglo-Saxon language.</def>
<au>T. Warton.</au>
<hw>Sax"on*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One versed in the Saxon
language.</def>
<hw>Sax"on*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>See <cref>Mountain soap</cref>, under
<er>Mountain</er>.</def>
<hw>Sax"o*phone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A.A.J.
<ets>Sax</ets>, the inventor (see <er>Saxhorn</er>) + Gr. <?/
tone.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind instrument of brass,
containing a reed, and partaking of the qualities both of a brass
instrument and of a clarinet.</def>
<hw>Sax"-tu`ba</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Saxhorn</er>, and <er>Tube</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<def>A powerful instrument of brass, curved somewhat like the
Roman <xex>buccina</xex>, or tuba.</def>
<-- p. 1281 -->
<hw>Say</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>imp.</pos>
<mord>of <er>See</er></mord>. <def>Saw.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Say</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Aphetic form of
<ets>assay</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Trial by sample; assay;
sample; specimen; smack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>if those principal works of God . . . be but certain tastes
and <qex>saus</qex>, as if were, of that final benefit.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<q>Thy tongue some <qex>say</qex> of breeding breathes.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tried quality; temper; proof.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>he found a sword of better <qex>say</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Essay; trial; attempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<cs><col>To give a say at</col>, <cd>to attempt.</cd></cs>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Say</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To try; to assay.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Say</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>saie</ets>, F.
<ets>saie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>saga</ets>, equiv. to
<ets>sagum</ets>, <ets>sagus</ets>, a coarse woolen mantle; cf.
Gr. <?/. See <er>Sagum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of
silk or satin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Thou <qex>say</qex>, thou serge, nay, thou buckram lord!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A delicate kind of serge, or woolen cloth.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>His garment neither was of silk nor <qex>say</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Say</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Said</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, contracted from
<xex>sayed</xex>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Saying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>seggen</ets>,
<ets>seyen</ets>, <ets>siggen</ets>, <ets>sayen</ets>,
<ets>sayn</ets>, AS. <ets>secgan</ets>; akin to OS.
<ets>seggian</ets>, D. <ets>zeggen</ets>, LG. <ets>seggen</ets>,
OHG. <ets>sag<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>sagen</ets>, Icel.
<ets>segja</ets>, Sw. <ets>s\'84ga</ets>, Dan. <ets>sige</ets>,
Lith. <ets>sakyti</ets>; cf. OL. <ets>insece</ets> teil, relate,
Gr. <?/ (for <?/), <?/. Cf. <er>Saga</er>, <er>Saw</er> a
saying.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter or express in words; to
tell; to speak; to declare; <as>as, he <ex>said</ex> many wise
things</as>.</def>
<q>Arise, and <qex>say</qex> how thou camest here.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; to pronounce;
<as>as, to <ex>say</ex> a lesson</as>.</def>
<q>Of my instruction hast thou nothing bated
In what thou hadst to <qex>say</qex>?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>After which shall be <qex>said</qex> or sung the following
hymn.</q>
<qau>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To announce as a decision or opinion; to state
positively; to assert; hence, to form an opinion upon; to be sure
about; to be determined in mind as to.</def>
<q>But what it is, hard is to <qex>say</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To mention or suggest as an estimate,
hypothesis, or approximation; hence, to suppose; -- in the
imperative, followed sometimes by the subjunctive; <as>as, he
had, <ex>say</ex> fifty thousand dollars; the fox had run,
<ex>say</ex> ten miles</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Say</qex>, for nonpayment that the debt should double,
Is twenty hundred kisses such a trouble?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>It is said</col>, <or/ <col>They say</col></mcol>,
<cd>it is commonly reported; it is rumored; people assert or
maintain.</cd> -- <col>That is to say</col>, <cd>that is; in
other words; otherwise.</cd></cs>
<hw>Say</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To speak; to express an
opinion; to make answer; to reply.</def>
<q>You have <qex>said</qex>; but whether wisely or no, let the
forest judge.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>To this argument we shall soon have <qex>said</qex>; for what
concerns it us to hear a husband divulge his household
privacies?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Say</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Say</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>; cf. <er>Saw</er> a saying.]</ety> <def>A speech;
something said; an expression of opinion; a current story; a
maxim or proverb.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Colloq.]</mark>
<q>He no sooner said out his <qex>say</qex>, but up rises a
cunning snap.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<q>That strange palmer's boding <qex>say</qex>,
That fell so ominous and drear
Full on the object of his fear.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Say"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who says; an
utterer.</def>
<q>Mr. Curran was something much better than a <qex>sayer</qex>
of smart sayings.</q>
<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>
<hw>Sa*yette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. Cf.
<er>Say</er> a kind of serge.]</ety> <def>A mixed stuff, called
also <altname>sagathy</altname>. See <er>Sagathy</er>.</def>
<hw>Say"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is
said; a declaration; a statement, especially a proverbial one; an
aphorism; a proverb.</def>
<q>Many are the <qex>sayings</qex> of the wise,
In ancient and in modern books enrolled.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Declaration; speech; adage; maxim; aphorism;
apothegm; saw; proverb; byword.</syn>
<hw>Say"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Say</ets>
sample + <ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who assays.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Say"mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A master of
assay; one who tries or proves.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdGreat <xex>saymaster</xex> of state.\'b8
<au>D. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Saynd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>obs. p. p.</pos> of
<er>Senge</er>, to singe.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>'Sblood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>An
abbreviation of <xex>God's blood</xex>; -- used as an oath.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Scab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scab</ets>, <ets>scabbe</ets>, <ets>shabbe</ets>; cf. AS.
<ets>sc\'91b</ets>, <ets>sceabb</ets>, <ets>scebb</ets>, Dan. &
Sw. <ets>skab</ets>, and also L. <ets>scabies</ets>, tr.
<ets>scabere</ets> to scratch, akin to E. <ets>shave</ets>. See
<er>Shave</er>, and cf. <er>Shab</er>, <er>Shabby</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An incrustation over a sore, wound, vesicle, or
pustule, formed by the drying up of the discharge from the
diseased part.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The itch in man; also, the scurvy.</def>
<mark>[Colloq. or Obs.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The mange, esp. when it appears on sheep.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A disease of potatoes producing pits in their
surface, caused by a minute fungus (<spn>Tiburcinia
Scabies</spn>).</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A slight iregular
protuberance which defaces the surface of a casting, caused by
the breaking away of a part of the mold.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A mean, dirty, paltry fellow.</def>
<mark>[Low]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A nickname for a workman who engages for lower
wages than are fixed by the trades unions; also, for one who
takes the place of a workman on a strike.</def>
<mark>[Cant]</mark>
<hw>Scab</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scabbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scabbing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To become covered
with a scab; <as>as, the wound <ex>scabbed</ex> over</as>.</def>
<-- 2. To take the place of a striking worker. -->
<hw>Scab"bard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scaubert</ets>, <ets>scauberk</ets>, OF.
<ets>escaubers</ets>, <ets>escauberz</ets>, pl., scabbards,
probably of German or Scan. origin; cf. Icel.
<ets>sk\'belpr</ets> scabbard, and G. <ets>bergen</ets> to
conceal. Cf. <er>Hauberk</er>.]</ety> <def>The case in which the
blade of a sword, dagger, etc., is kept; a sheath.</def>
<q>Nor in thy <qex>scabbard</qex> sheathe that famous blade.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<cs><col>Scabbard fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a long,
compressed, silver-colored t\'91nioid fish (<spn>Lepidopus
caudatus, <or/ argyreus</spn>), found on the European coasts, and
more abundantly about New Zealand, where it is called
<altname>frostfish</altname> and considered an excellent food
fish.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scab"bard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put in
a scabbard.</def>
<hw>Scab"bard plane`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <cref>Scaleboard
plane</cref>, under <er>Scaleboard</er>.</def>
<hw>Scab"bed</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Abounding with scabs; diseased with scabs.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Mean; paltry; vile; worthless.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Scab"bed*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Scabbiness.</def>
<hw>Scab"bi*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
scabby manner.</def>
<hw>Scab"bi*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being scabby.</def>
<hw>Scab"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scapple</er>.</def>
<hw>Scab"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Scabbier</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Scabbiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Affected with scabs; full of scabs.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Diseased with the scab, or mange; mangy.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sca"bi*es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The itch.</def>
<hw>Sca"bi*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scabious</ets>, from <ets>scabies</ets> the scab: cf. F.
<ets>scabieux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of scabs; rough;
itchy; leprous; <as>as, <ex>scabious</ex> eruptions</as>.</def>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Sca"bi*ous</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>scabieuse</ets>. See <er>Scabious</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus
<spn>Scabiosa</spn>, several of the species of which are common
in Europe. They resemble the <spn>Composit\'91</spn>, and have
similar heads of flowers, but the anthers are not
connected.</def>
<cs><col>Sweet scabious</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Mourning
bride</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A daisylike plant (<spn>Erigeron
annuus</spn>) having a stout branching stem.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scab"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Scapple</er>.]</ety> <def>A fragment or chip of stone.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>scabline</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sca*bred"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scabredo</ets>, fr. scaber rough.]</ety> <def>Roughness;
ruggedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Burton.</au>
<hw>Sca"brous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scabrosus</ets>, fr. <ets>scaber</ets> rough: cf. F.
<ets>scabreux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rough to the touch,
like a file; having small raised dots, scales, or points; scabby;
scurfy; scaly.</def>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Harsh; unmusical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>His verse is <qex>scabrous</qex> and hobbling.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sca"brous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
scabrous.</def>
<hw>Scab"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Elecampane.</def>
<hw>Scad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael. & ir.
<ets>sgadan</ets> a herring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small carangoid fish (<spn>Trachurus
saurus</spn>) abundant on the European coast, and less common on
the American. The name is applied also to several allied
species.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The goggler; -- called also
<altname>big-eyed scad</altname>. See <er>Goggler</er>.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The friar skate.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>The cigar fish, or round robin.</def>
<hw>Scaf"fold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>eschafault</ets>, <ets>eschafaut</ets>, <ets>escafaut</ets>,
<ets>escadafaut</ets>, F. <ets>\'82chafaud</ets>; probably
oiginally the same word as E. & F. <ets>catafalque</ets>, It.
<ets>catafafalco</ets>. See <er>Catafalque</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A temporary structure of timber, boards, etc.,
for various purposes, as for supporting workmen and materials in
building, for exhibiting a spectacle upon, for holding the
spectators at a show, etc.</def>
<q>Pardon, gentles all,
The flat, unraised spirits that have dared
On this unworthy <qex>scaffold</qex> to bring forth
So great an object.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, a stage or elevated platform for
the execution of a criminal; <as>as, to die on the
<ex>scaffold</ex></as>.</def>
<q>That a <qex>scaffold</qex> of execution should grow a scaffold
of coronation.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>An accumulation of adherent,
partly fused material forming a shelf, or dome-shaped
obstruction, above the tuy\'8ares in a blast furnace.</def>
<hw>Scaf"fold</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish or uphold
with a scaffold.</def>
<hw>Scaf"fold*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
scaffold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Scaf"fold*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
scaffold; a supporting framework; <as>as, the
<ex>scaffolding</ex> of the body</as>.</def>
<au>Pope.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Materials for building scaffolds.</def>
<hw>Scagl"ia</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>scaglia</ets> a scale, a shell, a ship of marble.]</ety>
<def>A reddish variety of limestone.</def>
<hw>Scagl*io"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>scagliuola</ets>, dim. of <ets>scaglia</ets>. See
<er>Scaglia</er>.]</ety> <def>An imitation of any veined and
ornamental stone, as marble, formed by a substratum of finely
ground gypsum mixed with glue, the surface of which, while soft,
is variegated with splinters of marble, spar, granite, etc., and
subsequently colored and polished.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sca"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scal\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a
ladder.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A machine
formerly employed for reducing dislocations of the humerus.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A term applied to any one of
the three canals of the cochlea.</def>
<hw>Scal"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being scaled.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sca*lade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sca*la"do</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Escalade</er>.</def>
<au>Fairfax.</au>
<hw>Sca"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Math.)</fld>
<def>In the quaternion analysis, a quantity that has magnitude,
but not direction; -- distinguished from a <xex>vector</xex>,
which has both magnitude and direction.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sca*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
flight of steps.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of
numerous species of marine gastropods of the genus
<spn>Scalaria</spn>, or family <spn>Scalarid\'91</spn>, having
elongated spiral turreted shells, with rounded whorls, usually
crossed by ribs or varices. The color is generally white or pale.
Called also <altname>ladder shell</altname>, and
<altname>wentletrap</altname>. See <er>Ptenoglossa</er>, and
<er>Wentletrap</er>.</def>
<hw>Sca*lar"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scalare</ets>, <ets>scalaria</ets>, staircase, ladder +
<ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>scalariforme</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Resembling a ladder in form or appearance;
having transverse bars or markings like the rounds of a ladder;
<as>as, the <ex>scalariform</ex> cells and <ex>scalariform</ex>
pits in some plants</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to a
scalaria.</def>
<hw>Sca"la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scalaris</ets>, fr. <ets>scale</ets>, pl. <ets>scala</ets>,
staircase, ladder.]</ety> <def>Resembling a ladder; formed with
steps.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Scal"a*wag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A scamp; a
scapegrace.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also
<asp>scallawag</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Scald</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scaled</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Scalding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>eschalder</ets>, <ets>eschauder</ets>, <ets>escauder</ets>,
F. <ets>\'82chauder</ets>, fr. L. <ets>excaldare</ets>; <ets>ex +
caldus</ets>, <ets>calidus</ets>, warm, hot. See <er>Ex</er>, and
<er>Calderon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To burn with hot
liquid or steam; to pain or injure by contact with, or imersion
in, any hot fluid; <as>as, to <ex>scald</ex> the hand</as>.</def>
<q>Mine own tears
Do <qex>scald</qex> like molten lead.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Here the blue flames of <qex>scalding</qex> brimstone
fall.</q>
<qau>Cowley.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To expose to a boiling or violent heat over a
fire, or in hot water or other liquor; <as>as, to <ex>scald</ex>
milk or meat</as>.</def>
<hw>Scald</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A burn, or injury to the skin
or flesh, by some hot liquid, or by steam.</def>
<hw>Scald</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>scalled</ets>. See
<er>Scall</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Affected with the scab;
scaby.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Scurry; paltry; <as>as, <ex>scald</ex>
rhymers</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Scald crow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the hooded
crow.</cd> <mark>[Ireland]</mark> -- <col>Scald head</col>
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a name popularly given to several diseases
of the scalp characterized by pustules (the dried discharge of
which forms scales) and by falling out of the hair.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scald</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Scurf on the head. See
<er>Scall</er>.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Scald</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Icel. <ets>sk\'beld</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the ancient
Scandinavian poets and historiographers; a reciter and singer of
heroic poems, etc., among the Norsemen; more rarely, a bard of
any of the ancient Teutonic tribes.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>skald</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>A war song such as was of yore chanted on the field of battle
by the <qex>scalds</qex> of the yet heathen Saxons.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Scald"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Scandinavian
poet; a scald.</def>
<hw>Scald"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Scald</ets>, a. + <ets>fish</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European flounder (<spn>Arnoglosus
laterna</spn>, or <spn>Psetta arnoglossa</spn>); -- called also
<altname>megrin</altname>, and <altname>smooth
sole</altname>.</def>
<hw>Scald"ic</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the scalds of the Norsemen; <as>as,
<ex>scaldic</ex> poetry</as>.</def>
<hw>Scale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sc\'bele</ets>; perhaps influenced by the kindred Icel.
<ets>sk\'bel</ets> balance, dish, akin also to D.
<ets>schaal</ets> a scale, bowl, shell, G. <ets>schale</ets>,
OHG. <ets>sc\'bela</ets>, Dan. <ets>skaal</ets> drinking cup,
bowl, dish, and perh. to E. <ets>scale</ets> of a fish. Cf.
<er>Scale</er> of a fish, <er>Skull</er> the brain case.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The dish of a balance; hence, the balance
itself; an instrument or machine for weighing; <as>as, to turn
the <ex>scale</ex></as>; -- chiefly used in the plural when
applied to the whole instrument or apparatus for weighing. Also
used figuratively.</def>
<q>Long time in even <qex>scale</qex>
The battle hung.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>The <qex>scales</qex> are turned; her kindness weighs no more
Now than my vows.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The sign or constellation
Libra.</def>
<cs><col>Platform scale</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Platform</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- <col>tip the scales</col>, influence an action so as to
change an outcome from one likely result to another. -->
<hw>Scale</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scaled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scaling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To weigh or measure according
to a scale; to measure; also, to grade or vary according to a
scale or system.</def>
<q><qex>Scaling</qex> his present bearing with his past.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>To</col> <col>scale, <or/ scale down</col>, <col>a
debt, wages, etc.</col></mcol>, <cd>to reduce a debt, etc.,
according to a fixed ratio or scale.
<mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>
<hw>Scale</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>scealu</ets>,
<ets>scalu</ets>, a shell, parings; akin to D. <ets>schaal</ets>,
G. <ets>schale</ets>, OHG. <ets>scala</ets>, Dan. & Sw.
<ets>skal</ets> a shell, Dan. <ets>ski\'91l</ets> a fish scale,
Goth. <ets>skalja</ets> tile, and E. <ets>shale</ets>,
<ets>shell</ets>, and perhaps also to <ets>scale</ets> of a
balance; butperhaps rather fr. OF. <ets>escale</ets>,
<ets>escaile</ets>, F. <ets>\'82caille</ets> scale of a fish, and
<ets>\'82cale</ets> shell of beans, pease, egs, nuts, of German
origin, and akin to Goth. <ets>skalja</ets>, G.
<ets>schale</ets>. See <er>Shale</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the small, thin, membranous, bony
or horny pieces which form the covering of many fishes and
reptiles, and some mammals, belonging to the dermal part of the
skeleton, or dermoskeleton. See <er>Cycloid</er>,
<er>Ctenoid</er>, and <er>Ganoid</er>.</def>
<q>Fish that, with their fins and shining <qex>scales</qex>,
Glide under the green wave.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, any layer or leaf of metal or other
material, resembling in size and thinness the scale of a fish;
<as>as, a <ex>scale</ex> of iron, of bone, etc.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the small scalelike
structures covering parts of some invertebrates, as those on the
wings of Lepidoptera and on the body of Thysanura; the elytra of
certain annelids. See <er>Lepidoptera</er>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A scale insect. (See
below.)</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small appendage like a
rudimentary leaf, resembling the scales of a fish in form, and
often in arrangement; <as>as, the <ex>scale</ex> of a bud, of a
pine cone, and the like</as>. The name is also given to the chaff
on the stems of ferns.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The thin metallic side plate of the handle of a
pocketknife. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Pocketknife</er>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>An incrustation deposit on the inside of a
vessel in which water is heated, as a steam boiler.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The thin oxide which forms
on the surface of iron forgings. It consists esentially of the
magnetic oxide, <chform>Fe3O4</chform>. Also, a similar coating
upon other metals.</def>
<cs><col>Covering scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
hydrophyllium.</cd> -- <col>Ganoid scale</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Ganoid</er>.</cd> --
<col>Scale armor</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>armor made of small
metallic scales overlapping, and fastened upon leather or
cloth.</cd> -- <col>Scale beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the tiger beetle.</cd> -- <col>Scale carp</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a carp having normal scales.</cd> --
<col>Scale insect</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
numerous species of small hemipterous insects belonging to the
family <spn>Coccid\'91</spn>, in which the females, when adult,
become more or less scalelike in form. They are found upon the
leaves and twigs of various trees and shrubs, and often do great
damage to fruit trees. See <er>Orange scale</er>,under
<er>Orange</er>.</cd> -- <col>Scale moss</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>any leafy-stemmed moss of the order <spn>Hepatic\'91</spn>;
-- so called from the small imbricated scalelike leaves of most
of the species. See <er>Hepatica</er>, 2, and
<er>Jungermannia</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1282 -->
<hw>Scale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
strip or clear of scale or scales; <as>as, to <ex>scale</ex> a
fish; to <ex>scale</ex> the inside of a boiler</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take off in thin layers or scales, as tartar
from the teeth; to pare off, as a surface.</def> \'bdIf all the
mountaines were <xex>scaled</xex>, and the earth made even.\'b8
<au>T. Burnet.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To scatter; to spread.</def> <mark>[Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>To clean, as the inside of a
cannon, by the explosion of a small quantity of powder.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<hw>Scale</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To separate and
come off in thin layers or lamin\'91; <as>as, some sandstone
<ex>scales</ex> by exposure</as>.</def>
<q>Those that cast their shell are the lobster and crab; the old
skins are found, but the old shells never; so it is likely that
they <qex>scale</qex> off.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To separate; to scatter.</def> <mark>[Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scale</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>scalae</ets>, pl.,
<ets>scala</ets> staircase, ladder; akin to <ets>scandere</ets>
to climb. See <er>Scan</er>; cf. <er>Escalade</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A ladder; a series of steps; a means of
ascending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, anything graduated, especially when
employed as a measure or rule, or marked by lines at regular
intervals.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mathematical
instrument, consisting of a slip of wood, ivory, or metal, with
one or more sets of spaces graduated and numbered on its surface,
for measuring or laying off distances, etc., as in drawing,
plotting, and the like. See <er>Gunter's scale</er>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A series of spaces marked by lines, and
representing proportionately larger distances; <as>as, a
<ex>scale</ex> of miles, yards, feet, etc., for a map or
plan</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A basis for a numeral system;
<as>as, the decimal <ex>scale</ex>; the binary <ex>scale</ex>,
etc.</as></def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The graduated
series of all the tones, ascending or descending, from the
keynote to its octave; -- called also the
<altname>gamut</altname>. It may be repeated through any number
of octaves. See <cref>Chromatic scale</cref>, <cref>Diatonic
scale</cref>, <cref>Major scale</cref>, and <cref>Minor
scale</cref>, under <er>Chromatic</er>, <er>Diatonic</er>,
<er>Major</er>, and <er>Minor</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Gradation; succession of ascending and
descending steps and degrees; progressive series; scheme of
comparative rank or order; <as>as, a <ex>scale</ex> of
being</as>.</def>
<q>There is a certain <qex>scale</qex> of duties . . . which for
want of studying in right order, all the world is in
confusion.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Relative dimensions, without difference in
proportion of parts; size or degree of the parts or components in
any complex thing, compared with other like things; especially,
the relative proportion of the linear dimensions of the parts of
a drawing, map, model, etc., to the dimensions of the
corresponding parts of the object that is represented; <as>as, a
map on a <ex>scale</ex> of an inch to a mile</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Scale of chords</col>, <cd>a graduated scale on which
are given the lengths of the chords of arcs from 0<deg/ to
90<deg/ in a circle of given radius, -- used in measuring given
angles and in plotting angles of given numbers of
degrees.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scale</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.
<ets>scalare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>scale</ets>, <ets>scala</ets>.
See <er>Scale</er> a ladder.]</ety> <def>To climb by a ladder, or
as if by a ladder; to ascend by steps or by climbing; to clamber
up; <as>as, to <ex>scale</ex> the wall of a fort</as>.</def>
<q>Oft have I <qex>scaled</qex> the craggy oak.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Scale</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To lead up by steps; to
ascend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Satan from hence, now on the lower stair,
That <qex>scaled</qex> by steps of gold to heaven-gate,
Looks down with wonder.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Scale"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of marine
annelids of the family <spn>Polynoid\'91</spn>, and allies, which
have two rows of scales, or elytra, along the back. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Ch\'91topoda</er>.</def>
<hw>Scale"beam`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The lever or beam of a balance; the lever of a platform
scale, to which the poise for weighing is applied.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A weighing apparatus with a sliding weight,
resembling a steelyard.</def>
<hw>Scale"board`</hw> <pr>(?; <it>commonly</it> <?/)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[3d <ets>scale</ets> +
<ets>board</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A
thin slip of wood used to justify a page.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Crabb.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thin veneer of leaf of wood used for covering
the surface of articles of firniture, and the like.</def>
<cs><col>Scaleboard plane</col>, <cd>a plane for cutting from a
board a wide shaving forming a scaleboard.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scaled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Covered with scales, or scalelike structures; -- said of a
fish, a reptile, a moth, etc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without scales, or with the scales removed;
<as>as, <ex>scaled</ex> herring</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having feathers which in
form, color, or arrangement somewhat resemble scales; <as>as, the
<ex>scaled</ex> dove</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Scaled dove</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any
American dove of the genus <spn>Scardafella</spn>. Its colored
feather tips resemble scales.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scale"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of
scales.</def>
<hw>Sca*lene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scalenus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>scal\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the sides and angles unequal; -- said of
a triangle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the axis inclined to
the base, as a cone.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Designating
several triangular muscles called <xex>scalene
muscles</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the
scalene muscles.</def>
<cs><col>Scalene muscles</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a group of
muscles, usually three on each side in man, extending from the
cervical vertebr\'91 to the first and second ribs.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sca*lene"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A
triangle having its sides and angles unequal.</def>
<hw>Sca*le`no*he"dral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a
scalenohedron.</def>
<hw>Sca*le`no*he"dron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ uneven + <?/ seat, base.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>
<def>A pyramidal form under the rhombohedral system, inclosed by
twelve faces, each a scalene triangle.</def>
<hw>Scal"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, scales; specifically, a dentist's instrument for
removing tartar from the teeth.</def>
<hw>Scale"-winged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the wings covered with small
scalelike structures, as the lepidoptera; scaly-winged.</def>
<hw>Scal"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
of being scaly; roughness.</def>
<hw>Scal"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Adapted for removing scales, as from a fish; <as>as, a
<ex>scaling</ex> knife</as>; adapted for removing scale, as from
the interior of a steam boiler; <as>as, a <ex>scaling</ex>
hammer, bar, etc.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Serving as an aid in clambering; <as>as, a
<ex>scaling</ex> ladder, used in assaulting a fortified
place</as>.</def>
<hw>Scal*io"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Scagliola</er>.</def>
<hw>Scall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>skalli</ets> a bald head. Cf. <er>Scald</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A scurf or scabby disease, especially
of the scalp.</def>
<q>It is a dry <qex>scall</qex>, even a leprosy upon the
head.</q>
<qau>Lev. xiii. 30.</qau>
<hw>Scall</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Scabby; scurfy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Scalled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Scabby; scurfy;
scall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWith <xex>scalled</xex>
brows black.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<cs><col>Scalled head</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Scald head</cref>, under <er>Scald</er>,
<pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>
<hw>Scal"lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>escalone</ets>, <ets>escaloingne</ets>, L. <ets>caepa
Ascalonius</ets> of Ascalon, fr. <ets>Ascalo</ets> Ascalon, a
town in Palestine. Cf. <er>Shallot</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of small onion (<spn>Allium
Ascalonicum</spn>), native of Palestine; the eschalot, or
shallot.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any onion which does not \'bdbottom out,\'b8 but
remains with a thick stem like a leek.</def>
<au>Amer. Cyc.</au>
<hw>Scal"lop</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>escalope</ets> a shell, probably of German or Dutch origin,
and akin to E. <ets>scale of a fish</ets>; <ets>cf</ets>.
<ets>D</ets>. <ets>schelp</ets> shell. See <er>Scale</er> of a
fish, and cf. <er>Escalop</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>scollop</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of
the genus Pecten and allied genera of the family
<spn>Pectinid\'91</spn>. The shell is usually radially ribbed,
and the edge is therefore often undulated in a characteristic
manner. The large adductor muscle of some the species is much
used as food. One species (<spn>Vola Jacob\'91us</spn>) occurs
on the coast of Palestine, and its shell was formerly worn by
pilgrims as a mark that they had been to the Holy Land. Called
also <altname>fan shell</altname>. See <er>Pecten</er>, 2.</def>
<note><hand/ The common edible scallop of the Eastern United
States is <spn>Pecten irradians</spn>; the large sea scallop,
also used as food, is <spn>P. Clontonius</spn>, or
<spn>tenuicostastus</spn>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of series of segments of circles joined at
their extremities, forming a border like the edge or surface of a
scallop shell.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of the shells of a scallop; also, a dish
resembling a scallop shell.</def>
<hw>Scal"lop</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scalloped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scalloping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
mark or cut the edge or border of into segments of circles, like
the edge or surface of a scallop shell. See <er>Scallop</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To bake in scallop shells
or dishes; to prepare with crumbs of bread or cracker, and bake.
See <cref>Scalloped oysters</cref>, below.</def>
<hw>Scal"loped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Furnished with a scallop; made or done with or in a
scallop.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the edge or border cut or marked with
segments of circles. See <er>Scallop</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
2.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Baked in a scallop; cooked
with crumbs.</def>
<cs><col>Scalloped oysters</col> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>, <cd>opened
oysters baked in a deep dish with alternate layers of bread or
cracker crumbs, seasoned with pepper, nutmeg, and butter. This
was at first done in scallop shells.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scal"lop*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
fishes for scallops.</def>
<hw>Scal"lop*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fishing for
scallops.</def>
<hw>Scalp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scallop</er>.]</ety> <def>A bed of oysters or mussels.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Scalp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps akin to D.
<ets>schelp</ets> shell. Cf. <er>Scallop</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>That part of the integument of the head which is usually
covered with hair.</def>
<q>By the bare <qex>scalp</qex> of Robin Hodd's fat friar,
This fellow were a king for our wild faction!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A part of the skin of the head, with the hair
attached, cut or torn off from an enemy by the Indian warriors of
North America, as a token of victory.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: The top; the summit.</def>
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<cs><col>Scalp lock</col>, <cd>a long tuft of hair left on the
crown of the head by the warriors of some tribes of American
Indians.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scalp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scalped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scalping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
deprive of the scalp; to cut or tear the scalp from the head
of.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To remove the skin of.</def>
<q>We must <qex>scalp</qex> the whole lid [of the eye].</q>
<qau>J. S. Wells.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Milling.)</fld> <def>To brush the hairs of fuzz
from, as wheat grains, in the process of high milling.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Scalp</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a small, quick
profit by slight fluctuations of the market; -- said of brokers
who operate in this way on their own account.</def>
<mark>[Cant]</mark>
<hw>Scal"pel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L
<ets>scalpellum</ets>, dim. of <ets>scalprum</ets> a knife, akin
to <ets>scalpere</ets> to cut, carve, scrape: cf. F.
<ets>scalpel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A small knife
with a thin, keen blade, -- used by surgeons, and in
dissecting.</def>
<hw>Scalper</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, scalps.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Same as <xex>Scalping
iron</xex>, under <er>Scalping</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A broker who, dealing on his own account, tries
to get a small and quick profit from slight fluctuations of the
market.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A person who buys and sells the unused parts of
railroad tickets.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>
<hw>Scalp"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from
<er>Scalp</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Scalping iron</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>an
instrument used in scraping foul and carious bones; a
raspatory.</cd> -- <col>Scalping knife</col>, <cd>a knife used by
north American Indians in scalping.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scal"pri*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scalprum</ets> chisel, knife + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a chisel; <as>as, the
<ex>scalpriform incisors of rodents</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Scal"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Covered or abounding with scales; <as>as, a <ex>scaly</ex>
fish</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Scaly</xex> crocodile.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling scales, lamin\'91, or layers.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Mean; low; <as>as, a <ex>scaly</ex>
fellow</as>.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Composed of scales lying over
each other; <as>as, a <ex>scaly</ex> bulb</as>; covered with
scales; <as>as, a <ex>scaly</ex> stem</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Scaly ant-eater</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
pangolin.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scal"y-winged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Scale-winged.</def>
<hw>Scam"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scambled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scambling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OD.
<ets>schampelen</ets> to deviate, to slip, <ets>schampen</ets> to
go away, escape, slip, and E. <ets>scamper</ets>,
<ets>shamble</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move awkwardly; to
be shuffling, irregular, or unsteady; to sprawl; to
shamble.</def> \'bdSome <xex>scambling</xex> shifts.\'b8 <au>Dr.
H. More.</au> \'bdA fine old hall, but a <xex>scambling</xex>
house.\'b8 <au>Evelyn.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move about pushing and jostling; to be rude
and turbulent; to scramble.</def> \'bdThe <xex>scambling</xex>
and unquiet time did push it out of . . . question.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Scam"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mangle.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>Scam"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>1. One who
scambles.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bold intruder upon the hospitality of others;
a mealtime visitor.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Scam"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
scambling manner; with turbulence and noise; with bold
intrusiveness.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scam"ell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Scam"mel</hw>
}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female
bar-tailed godwit.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<note><hand/ Whether this is the <xex>scamel</xex> mentioned by
Shakespeare [\'bdTempest,\'b8 ii. 2] is not known.</note>
<hw>\'d8Sca*mil"lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scamilli</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.,
<ets>originally</ets>, <ets>a little bench</ets>, <ets>dim</ets>.
<ets>of scamnum</ets> bench, stool.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<def>A sort of second plinth or block, below the bases of Ionic
and Corinthian columns, generally without moldings, and of
smaller size horizontally than the pedestal.</def>
<hw>Scam*mo"ni*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made
from scammony; <as>as, a <ex>scammoniate</ex>
aperient</as>.</def>
<hw>Scam"mo*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>scammon\'82e</ets>, L. <ets>scammonia</ets>,
<ets>scammonea</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of bindweed or Convolvulus
(<spn>C. Scammonia</spn>).</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inspissated sap obtained from the rot of the
<xex>Convolvulus Scammonia</xex>, of a blackish gray color, a
nauseous smell like that of old cheese, and a somewhat acrid
taste. It is used in medicine as a cathartic.</def>
<hw>Scamp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>escamper</ets> to run away, to make one's escape.
originally, one who runs away, a fugitive, a vagabond. See
<er>Scamper</er>.]</ety> <def>A rascal; a swindler; a
rogue.</def>
<au>De Quincey.</au>
<hw>Scamp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scamp</er>,<pos>n.</pos>, or <er>Scant</er>, <pos>a.</pos>,
and <er>Skimp</er>.]</ety> <def>To perform in a hasty,
neglectful, or imperfect manner; to do superficially.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>A workman is said to <qex>scamp</qex> his work when he does it
in a superficial, dishonest manner.</q>
<qau>Wedgwood.</qau>
<q>Much of the <qex>scamping</qex> and dawdling complained of is
that of men in establishments of good repute.</q>
<qau>T. Hughes.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Scam`pa*vi"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A long, low war galley used by the
Neapolitans and Sicilians in the early part of the nineteenth
century.</def>
<hw>Scam"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scampered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scampering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>escamper</ets>
to escape, to save one's self; L. <ets>ex</ets> from +
<ets>campus</ets> the field (sc. of battle). See <er>Camp</er>,
and cf. <er>Decamp</er>, <er>Scamp</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
<er>Shamble</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To run with speed;
to run or move in a quick, hurried manner; to hasten away.</def>
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<q>The lady, however, . . . could not help <qex>scampering</qex>
about the room after a mouse.</q>
<qau>S. Sharpe.</qau>
<hw>Scam"per</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A scampering; a hasty
flight.</def>
<hw>Scam"per*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
scampers.</def>
<au>Tyndell.</au>
<hw>Scamp"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or like a
scamp; knavish; <as>as, <ex>scampish</ex> conduct</as>.</def>
<hw>Scan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scanned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scanning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>scandere</ets>,
<ets>scansum</ets>, to climb, to scan, akin to Skr.
<ets>skand</ets> to spring, leap: cf. F. <ets>scander</ets>. Cf.
<er>Ascend</er>, <er>Descend</er>, <er>Scale</er> a
ladder.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To mount by steps; to go through
with step by step.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Nor stayed till she the highest stage had
<qex>scand</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically <fld>(Pros.)</fld>, to go through
with, as a verse, marking and distinguishing the feet of which it
is composed; to show, in reading, the metrical structure of; to
recite metrically.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To go over and examine point by point; to
examine with care; to look closely at or into; to
scrutinize.</def>
<q>The actions of men in high stations are all conspicuous, and
liable to be <qex>scanned</qex> and sifted.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<-- 4. To examine quickly, from point to point, in search of
something specific; as, to scan an article for mention of a
particular person.
5. (ELectronics) To form an image or an electronic
representation of, by passing a beam of light or electrons over,
and detecting and recording the reflected or transmitted signal.
-->
<hw>Scan"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>scandale</ets>, fr. L. <ets>scandalum</ets>, Gr. <?/, a
snare laid for an enemy, a stumbling block, offense, scandal: cf.
OE. <ets>scandle</ets>, OF. <ets>escandle</ets>. See
<er>Slander</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Offense caused or
experienced; reproach or reprobation called forth by what is
regarded as wrong, criminal, heinous, or flagrant: opprobrium or
disgrace.</def>
<q>O, what a <qex>scandal</qex> is it to our crown,
That two such noble peers as ye should jar!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>[I] have brought <qex>scandal</qex>
To Israel, diffidence of God, and doubt
In feeble hearts.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reproachful aspersion; opprobrious censure;
defamatory talk, uttered heedlessly or maliciously.</def>
<q>You must not put another <qex>scandal</qex> on him.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>My known virtue is from <qex>scandal</qex> free.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Equity)</fld> <def>Anything alleged in pleading
which is impertinent, and is reproachful to any person, or which
derogates from the dignity of the court, or is contrary to good
manners.</def>
<au>Daniell.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Defamation; detraction; slander; calumny;
opprobrium; reproach; shame; disgrace.</syn>
<-- p. 1283 -->
<hw>Scan"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To treat opprobriously; to defame; to asperse; to traduce;
to slander.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>I do faws on men and hug them hard
And after <qex>scandal</qex> them.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To scandalize; to offend.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Story.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- To defame; traduce; reproach; slander; calumniate;
asperse; vilify; disgarce.</syn>
<hw>Scan"dal*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scandalized</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Scandalizing</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>scandaliser</ets>, L.
<ets>scandalizare</ets>, from Gr.
<grk>skandali`zein</grk>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To offend the
feelings of the conscience of (a person) by some action which is
considered immoral or criminal; to bring shame, disgrace, or
reproach upon.</def>
<q>I demand who they are whom we <qex>scandalize</qex> by using
harmless things.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<q>the congregation looked on in silence, the better class
<qex>scandalized</qex>, and the lower orders, some laughing,
others backing the soldier or the minister, as their fancy
dictated.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reproach; to libel; to defame; to
slander.</def>
<q>To tell his tale might be interpreted into
<qex>scandalizing</qex> the order.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Scan"dal*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>scandaleux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Giving offense to
the conscience or moral feelings; exciting reprobation; calling
out condemnation.</def>
<q>Nothing <qex>scandalous</qex> or offensive unto any.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disgraceful to reputation; bringing shame or
infamy; opprobrious; <as>as, a <ex>scandalous</ex> crime or
vice</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Defamatory; libelous; <as>as, a
<ex>scandalous</ex> story</as>.</def>
<hw>Scan"dal*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a
manner to give offense; shamefully.</def>
<q>His discourse at table was <qex>scandalously</qex> unbecoming
the digmity of his station.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>With a disposition to impute immorality or
wrong.</def>
<q>Shun their fault, who, <qex>scandalously</qex> nice,
Will needs mistake an author into vice.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Scan"dal*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being
scandalous.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scan"da*lum mag*na"tum`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L.,
scandal of magnates.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A defamatory
speech or writing published to the injury of a person of dignity;
-- usually abbreviated <abbr>scan. mag.</abbr></def>
<hw>Scan"dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scandens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>scandere</ets> to climb.]</ety> <def>Climbing.</def>
<note><hand/ Scandent plants may climb either by twining, as the
hop, or by twisted leafstalks, as the clematis, or by tendrils,
as the passion flower, or by rootlets, as the ivy.</note>
<hw>Scan"di*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See
<er>Scandium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A chemical
earth, the oxide of scandium.</def>
<hw>Scan"dic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to scandium; derived from, or containing,
scandium.</def>
<hw>Scan`di*na"vi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Scandinavia, that is, Sweden, Norway, and
Denmark.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant
of Scandinavia.</def></def2>
<hw>Scan"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. So
called because found in <ets>Scandinavian</ets> minerals]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic element of the boron
group, whose existence was predicated under the provisional name
<xex>ekaboron</xex> by means of the periodic law, and
subsequently discovered by spectrum analysis in certain rare
Scandinavian minerals (<xex>euxenite</xex> and
<xex>gadolinite</xex>). It has not yet been isolated. Symbol Sc.
Atomic weight 44</def><-- Atomic weight 44.96, at. no. 21;
valence 3. -->
<hw>Scan"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scansio</ets>, fr. <ets>scandere</ets>, <ets>scansum</ets>,
to climb. See <er>Scan</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>The
act of scanning; distinguishing the metrical feet of a verse by
emphasis, pauses, or otherwise.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scan*so"res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl</plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>scandere</ets>,
<ets>scansum</ets>, to climb.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>An artifical group of birds formerly regarded as an order.
They are distributed among several orders by modern
ornithologists.</def>
<note><hand/ The toes are in pairs, two before and two behind, by
which they are enabled to cling to, and climb upon, trees, as the
woodpeckers, parrots, cuckoos, and trogons. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Aves</er>.</note>
<hw>Scan*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Capable of climbing;
<as>as, the woodpecker is a <ex>scansorial</ex> bird</as>;
adapted for climbing; <as>as, the <ex>scansorial</ex>
foot</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Scansores. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Aves</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Scansorial tail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a tail
in which the feathers are stiff and sharp at the tip, as in the
woodpeckers.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Scanter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Scantest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>skamt</ets>, neuter of <ets>skamr</ets>, <ets>skammr</ets>,
short; cf. <ets>skamta</ets> to dole out, to portion.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Not full, large, or plentiful; scarcely
sufficient; less than is wanted for the purpose; scanty; meager;
not enough; <as>as, a <ex>scant</ex> allowance of provisions or
water; a <ex>scant</ex> pattern of cloth for a
garment</as>.</def>
<q>His sermon was <qex>scant</qex>, in all, a quarter of an
hour.</q>
<qau>Ridley.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sparing; parsimonious; chary.</def>
<q>Be somewhat <qex>scanter</qex> of your maiden presence.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- See under <er>Scanty</er>.</syn>
<hw>Scant</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scanted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scanting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To limit; to
straiten; to treat illiberally; to stint; <as>as, to
<ex>scant</ex> one in provisions; to <ex>scant</ex> ourselves in
the use of necessaries</as>.</def>
<q>Where man hath a great living laid together and where he is
<qex>scanted</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>I am <qex>scanted</qex> in the pleasure of dwelling on your
actions.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut short; to make small, narrow, or scanty;
to curtail.</def> \'bd<xex>Scant</xex> not my cups.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Scant</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fail, of become less; to
scantle; <as>as, the wind <ex>scants</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Scant</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scant manner; with
difficulty; scarcely; hardly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<q>So weak that he was <qex>scant</qex> able to go down the
stairs.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<hw>Scant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Scantness; scarcity.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>T. Carew.</au>
<hw>Scant"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
scanty manner; not fully; not plentifully; sparingly;
parsimoniously.</def>
<q>His mind was very <qex>scantily</qex> stored with
materials.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<-- scantily clad, wearing almost no clothing. -->
<hw>Scant"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality condition of
being scanty.</def>
<hw>Scan"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of
<ets>scant</ets>, v.]</ety> <def>To be deficient; to fail.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Scan"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>escanteler</ets>, <ets>eschanteler</ets>, to break into
contles; pref. <ets>es-</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) +
<ets>cantel</ets>, <ets>chantel</ets>, corner, side, piece.
Confused with E. <ets>scant</ets>. See <er>Cantle</er>.]</ety>
<def>To scant; to be niggard of; to divide into small pieces; to
cut short or down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>All their pay
Must your discretion <qex>scantle</qex>; keep it back.</q>
<qau>J. Webster.</qau>
<hw>Scant"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>eschantelet</ets> corner.]</ety> <def>A small pattern; a
small quantity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>
<hw>Scant"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Scant</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Not plentiful; small;
scanty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Scant"ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>eschantillon</ets>, F. <ets>\'82chantillon</ets>, a sample,
pattern, example. In some senses confused with <ets>scant</ets>
insufficient. See <er>Scantle</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A fragment; a bit; a little piece.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A piece or quantity cut for a
special purpose; a sample.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Such as exceed not this <qex>scantling</qex>; -- to be solace
to the sovereign and harmless to the people.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>A pretty <qex>scantling</qex> of his knowledge may taken by
his deferring to be baptized so many years.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small quantity; a little bit; not much</def>.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Reducing them to narrow <qex>scantlings</qex>.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of timber sawed or cut of a small size,
as for studs, rails, etc.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The dimensions of a piece of timber with regard
to its breadth and thickness; hence, the measure or dimensions of
anything.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A rough draught; a rude sketch or outline.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A frame for casks to lie upon; a trestle.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Scant"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a scant
manner; not fully or sufficiently; narrowly; penuriously.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Scarcely; hardly; barely.</def>
<q><qex>Scantly</qex> they durst their feeble eyes dispread
Upon that town.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<q>We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn,
And there is <qex>scantly</qex> time for half the work.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Scant"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or condition
of being scant; narrowness; smallness; insufficiency;
scantiness.</def> \'bd<xex>Scantness</xex> of outward things.\'b8
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Scant"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Scantier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Scantiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Scant</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wanting
amplitude or extent; narrow; small; not abundant.</def>
<q>his dominions were very narrow and <qex>scanty</qex>.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<q>Now <qex>scantier</qex> limits the proud arch confine.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Somewhat less than is needed; insufficient;
scant; <as>as, a <ex>scanty</ex> supply of words; a
<ex>scanty</ex> supply of bread</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Sparing; niggardly; parsimonius.</def>
<q>In illustrating a point of difficulty, be not too
<qex>scanty</qex> of words.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Scant; narrow; small; poor; deficient; meager;
scarce; chary; sparing; parsimonious; penurious; niggardly;
grudging.</syn>
<hw>Scape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scapus</ets> shaft, stem, stalk; cf. Gr. <?/ a staff: cf. F.
<ets>scape</ets>. Cf. <er>Scepter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A peduncle rising from the ground or from
a subterranean stem, as in the stemless violets, the bloodroot,
and the like.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The long basal joint of
the antenn\'91 of an insect.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The shaft of a
column.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The apophyge of a shaft.</def>
<hw>Scape</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scaped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scaping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Aphetic form of
<ets>escape</ets>.]</ety> <def>To escape.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Poetic.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>Out of this prison help that we may <qex>scape</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Scape</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An escape.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>I spake of most disastrous chances, . . .
Of hairbreadth <qex>scapes</qex> in the imminent, deadly
breach.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Means of escape; evasion.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Donne.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A freak; a slip; a fault; an escapade.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Not pardoning so much as the <qex>scapes</qex> of error and
ignorance.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Loose act of vice or lewdness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Scape"gal`lows</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
has narrowly escaped the gallows for his crimes.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<hw>Scape"goat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Scape</ets> (for <ets>escape</ets>) +
<ets>goat</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld>
<def>A goat upon whose head were symbolically placed the sins of
the people, after which he was suffered to escape into the
wilderness.</def>
<au>Lev. xvi. 10.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a person or thing that is made to bear
blame for others.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Scape"grace`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
graceless, unprincipled person; one who is wild and
reckless.</def>
<au>Beaconsfield.</au>
<hw>Scape"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Destitute of a scape.</def>
<hw>Scape"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Scape</er>, <pos>v.</pos>, <er>Escapement</er>.]</ety>
<def>Same as <er>Escapement</er>, 3.</def>
<hw>Scape"-wheel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Horol.)</fld> <def>the wheel in an escapement (as of a
clock or a watch) into the teeth of which the pallets play.</def>
<hw>Sca*phan"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
<?/, anything hollowed + <?/, <?/, a man: cf. F.
<ets>scaphandre</ets>.]</ety> <def>The case, or impermeable
apparel, in which a diver can work while under water.</def>
<hw>Scaph"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>ska`fh</grk> a trough.]</ety> <def>An ancient mode of
punishing criminals among the Persians, by confining the victim
in a trough, with his head and limbs smeared with honey or the
like, and exposed to the sun and to insects until he died.</def>
<hw>Scaph"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scapha</ets> a boat, fr. Gr. <?/ a boat, anything dug or
scooped out, fr. <?/ to dig.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Any
fossil cephalopod shell of the genus <spn>Scaphites</spn>,
belonging to the Ammonite family and having a chambered
boat-shaped shell. Scaphites are found in the Cretaceous
formation.</def>
<hw>Scaph`o*ce*phal"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or affected with,
scaphocephaly.</def>
<hw>Scaph`o*ceph"a*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ a boat + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A deformed
condition of the skull, in which the vault is narrow, clongated,
and more or less boat-shaped.</def>
<hw>Scaph`o*ce"rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ boat + E. <ets>cerite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A flattened plate or scale attached to the second joint of
the antenn\'91 of many Crustacea.</def>
<hw>Sca*phog"na*thite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ boat + <?/ jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A thin
leafike appendage (the exopodite) of the second maxilla of
decapod crustaceans. It serves as a pumping organ to draw the
water through the gill cavity.</def>
<hw>Scaph"oid</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
a boat + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>scapho\'8bde</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling a boat in form;
boat-shaped.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The scaphoid
bone.</def></def2>
<cs><col>Scaphoid bone</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One of the carpal
bones, which articulates with the radius; the radiale</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One of the tarsal bones; the navicular
bone</cd>. See under <er>Navicular</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scaph`o*lu"nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Scapho</ets>id + <ets>lunar</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the scaphoid and
lunar bones of the carpus.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The
scapholunar bone.</def></def2>
<cs><col>Scapholunar bone</col>, <cd>a bone formed by the
coalescence of the scaphoid and lunar in the carpus of
carnivora.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Sca*phop"*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a boat + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of marine cephalate Mollusca
having a tubular shell open at both ends, a pointed or spadelike
foot for burrowing, and many long, slender, prehensile oral
tentacles. It includes Dentalium, or the tooth shells, and other
similar shells. Called also <altname>Prosopocephala</altname>,
and <altname>Solenoconcha</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sca"pi*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling scape, or flower stm.</def>
<hw>Scap"*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a
staff, or L. <ets>scapus</ets> a stem, sta<?/k +
<ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>scapolite</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Mon.)</fld> <def>A grayish white mineral occuring in
tetragonal crystals and in cleavable masses. It is esentially a
silicate of aluminia and soda.</def>
<note><hand/ The <xex>scapolite group</xex> includes scapolite
proper, or wernerite, also meionite, dipyre, etc.</note>
<hw>Scap"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>eskaper</ets>, <ets>eschapler</ets>, to cut, hew, LL.
<ets>scapellare</ets>. Cf. <er>Scabble</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>To work roughly, or shape without finishing, as stone before
leaving the quarry.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To dress in any way
short of fine tooling or rubbing, as stone.</def>
<au>Gwilt.</au>
<hw>Scap"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>Scapul\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Scapuolas</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The principal bone of the shoulder girdle
in mammals; the shoulder blade.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the plates from
which the arms of a crinoid arise.</def>
<hw>Scap"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>scapulaire</ets>. Cf. <er>Scapulary</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to the scapula or the shoulder</def>
<cs><col>Scapular arch</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the pectoral
arch. See under <er>pectoral</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Scapular
region</col>, <or/ <col>Scapular tract</col></mcol>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a definite longitudinal area over the
shoulder and along each side of the back of a bird, from which
the scapular feathers arise.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scap"u*lar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One
of a special group of feathers which arise from each of the
scapular regions and lie along the sides of the back.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scap"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Scap"u*la*ry</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>scapulaire</ets>, LL. <ets>scapularium</ets>,
<ets>scapulare</ets>, fr. L.<ets>scapula</ets> shoulder
blade.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A loose sleeveless vestment falling in front and behind,
worn by certain religious orders and devout persons.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The name given to two pieces of cloth worn
under the ordinary garb and over the shoulders as an act of
devotion.</def>
<au>Addis & Arnold.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A bandage passing over the
shoulder to support it, or to retain another bandage in
place.</def>
<hw>Scap"u*la*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Scapular</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>
<hw>Scap"u*la*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Same as 2d and 3d <er>Scapular</er>.</def>
<hw>Scap"u*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of
<ets>scapula</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A secondary
mouth fold developed at the base of each of the armlike lobes of
the manubrium of many rhizostome medus\'91. See
<xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>
<hw>Scap"u*lo-</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <def>A combining form used in
anatomy to indicate <xex>connection with</xex>, or <xex>relation
to</xex>, <xex>the scapula</xex> or <xex>the shoulder</xex>;
<as>as, the <ex>scapulo</ex>-clavicular articulation, the
articulation between the scapula and clavicle</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sca"pus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>See 1st <er>Scape</er>.</def>
<hw>Scar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>escare</ets>, F. <ets>eschare</ets> an eschar, a dry slough
(cf. It. & Sp. <ets>escara</ets>), L. <ets>eschara</ets>, fr. Gr.
<?/ hearth, fireplace, scab, eschar. Cf. <er>Eschar</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A mark in the skin or flesh of an animal, made
by a wound or ulcer, and remaining after the wound or ulcer is
healed; a cicatrix; a mark left by a previous injury; a blemish;
a disfigurement.</def>
<q>This earth had the beauty of youth, . . . and not a wrinkle,
<qex>scar</qex>, or fracture on all its body.</q>
<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A mark left upon a stem or
branch by the fall of a leaf, leaflet, or frond, or upon a seed
by the separation of its support. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Axillary</er>.</def>
<hw>Scar</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scarred</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scarring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark with a scar
or scars.</def>
<q>Yet I'll not shed her blood;
Nor <qex>scar</qex> that whiter skin of hers than snow.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>His cheeks were deeply <qex>scarred</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Scar</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form a scar.</def>
<hw>Scar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot. <ets>scar</ets>,
<ets>scaur</ets>, Icel. <ets>sker</ets> a skerry, an isolated
rock in the sea; akin to Dan. <ets>ski\'91r</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sk\'84r</ets>. Cf. <er>Skerry</er>.]</ety> <def>An isolated
or protruding rock; a steep, rocky eminence; a bare place on the
side of a mountain or steep bank of earth.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>scaur</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>O sweet and far, from cliff and <qex>scar</qex>,
The horns of Elfland faintly blowing.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Scar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>scarus</ets>, a kind
of fish, Gr. <grk>ska`ros</grk>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A marine food fish, the scarus, or parrot fish.</def>
<-- p. 1284 -->
<mhw>{ <hw>Scar"ab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Scar"a*bee</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scarabeus</ets>; cf. F. <ets>scarab\'82e</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of
lamellicorn beetles of the genus <spn>Scarab\'91us</spn>, or
family <spn>Scarab\'91id\'91</spn>, especially the sacred, or
Egyptian, species (<spn>Scarab\'91us sacer</spn>, and <spn>S.
Egyptiorum</spn>).</def>
<hw>\'d8Scar`a*b\'91"us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Scarab</er>.</def>
<hw>Scar"a*boid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Scarab</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the family
<spn>Scarab\'91id\'91</spn>, an extensive group which includes
the Egyptian scarab, the tumbleding, and many similar lamellicorn
beetles.</def>
<hw>Scar"a*boid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
scaraboid beetle.</def>
<hw>Scar"a*mouch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>scaramouche</ets>, It.<ets>scaramuccio</ets>,
<ets>scaramuccia</ets>, originally the name of a celebrated
Italian comedian; cf. It. <ets>scaramuccia</ets>,
<ets>scaramuccio</ets>, F. <ets>escarmouche</ets>, skirmish. Cf.
<er>Skirmish</er>.]</ety> <def>A personage in the old Italian
comedy (derived from Spain) characterized by great boastfulness
and poltroonery; hence, a person of like characteristics; a
buffoon.</def>
<hw>Scarce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Scarcer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Scarcest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scars</ets>, OF. <ets>escars</ets>, <ets>eschars</ets>, LL.
<ets>scarpsus</ets>, for L. <ets>excerptus</ets>, p. p. of
<ets>excerpere</ets> to pick out, and hence to contract, to
shorten; <ets>ex</ets> (see <er>Ex</er>-) + <ets>carpere</ets>.
See <er>Carpet</er>, and cf. <er>Excerp</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion
to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon.</def>
<q>You tell him silver is <qex>scarcer</qex> now in England, and
therefore risen one fifth in value.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<q>The <qex>scarcest</qex> of all is a Pescennius Niger on a
medallion well preserved.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Scantily supplied (with); deficient (in); --
with</def> <xex>of</xex>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA region
<xex>scarce</xex> of prey.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; stingy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdToo <xex>scarce</xex> ne too sparing.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<cs><col>To make one's self scarce</col>, <cd>to decamp; to
depart. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Rare; infrequent; deficient. See
<er>Rare</er>.</syn>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scarce</hw>, <hw>Scarce"ly</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>With difficulty; hardly;
scantly; barely; but just.</def>
<q>With a <qex>scarce</qex> well-lighted flame.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>The eldest <qex>scarcely</qex> five year was of age.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Slowly she sails, and <qex>scarcely</qex> stems the tides.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>He had <qex>scarcely</qex> finished, when the laborer arrived
who had been sent for my ransom.</q>
<qau>W. Irwing.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Frugally; penuriously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>haucer.</au>
<hw>Scarce"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch. &
Engin.)</fld> <def>An offset where a wall or bank of earth, etc.,
retreats, leaving a shelf or footing.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scarce"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Scar"ci*ty</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or condition
of being scarce; smallness of quantity in proportion to the wants
or demands; deficiency; lack of plenty; short supply; penury;
<as>as, a <ex>scarcity</ex> of grain; a great <ex>scarcity</ex>
of beauties</as>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>A <qex>scarcity</qex> of snow would raise a mutiny at
Naples.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>Praise . . . owes its value to its <qex>scarcity</qex>.</q>
<qau>Rambler.</qau>
<q>The value of an advantage is enhanced by its
<qex>scarceness</qex>.</q>
<qau>Collier.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Deficiency; lack; want; penury; dearth; rareness;
rarity; infrequency.</syn>
<hw>Scard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shard or
fragment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Scaring</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>skerren</ets>, <ets>skeren</ets>, Icel.
<ets>skirra</ets> to bar, prevent, <ets>skirrask</ets> to shun ,
shrink from; or fr. OE. <ets>skerre</ets>, adj., scared, Icel.
<ets>skjarr</ets>; both perhaps akin to E. <ets>sheer</ets> to
turn.]</ety> <def>To frighten; to strike with sudden fear; to
alarm.</def>
<q>The noise of thy crossbow
Will <qex>scare</qex> the herd, and so my shoot is lost.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>To scare away</col>, <cd>to drive away by
frightening.</cd> -- <col>To scare up</col>, <cd>to find by
search, as if by beating for game. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To alarm; frighten; startle; affright;
terrify.</syn>
<hw>Scare</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fright; esp., sudden fright
produced by a trifling cause, or originating in mistake.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Scare"crow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Anything set up to frighten crows or other birds from
cornfields; hence, anything terifying without danger.</def>
<q>A <qex>scarecrow</qex> set to frighten fools away.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person clad in rags and tatters.</def>
<q>No eye hath seen such <qex>scarecrows</qex>. I'll not march
with them through Coventry, that's flat.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black tern.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scare"fire`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An alarm of fire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fire causing alarm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Scarf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>skarfr</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cormorant.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Scarf</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Scarfs</plw>, rarely
<plw>Scarves</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>escharpe</ets> a piligrim's scrip, or wallet (handing about
the neck.), F. <ets>\'82charpe</ets> sash, scarf; probably from
OHG. <ets>scharpe</ets> pocket; also (from the French) Dan.
<ets>ski\'91rf</ets>; Sw. <ets>sk\'84rp</ets>, Prov. G.
<ets>sch\'84rfe</ets>, LG. <ets>scherf</ets>, G.
<ets>sch\'84rpe</ets>; and also AS. <ets>scearf</ets> a fragment;
possibly akin to E. <ets>scrip</ets> a wallet. Cf. <er>Scarp</er>
a scarf.]</ety> <def>An article of dress of a light and
decorative character, worn loosely over the shoulders or about
the neck or the waist; a light shawl or handkerchief for the
neck; also, a cravat; a neckcloth.
<q>Put on your hood and <qex>scarf</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<q>With care about the banners, <qex>scarves</qex>, and
staves.</q>
<qau>R. Browning.</qau>
<hw>Scarf</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scarfed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scarfing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
throw on loosely; to put on like a scarf.</def> \'bdMy sea-gown
<xex>scarfed</xex> about me.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dress with a scarf, or as with a scarf; to
cover with a loose wrapping.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Scarf</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Sw. <ets>skarfva</ets> to
eke out, to join together, <ets>skarf</ets> a seam, joint; cf.
Dan. <ets>skarre</ets> to joint, to unite timber, Icel.
<ets>skara</ets> to clinich the planks of a boat, G.
<ets>scharben</ets> to chop, to cut small.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>To form a scarf on the end or edge of, as for a joint in
timber, metal rods, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To unite, as two
pieces of timber or metal, by a scarf joint.</def>
<hw>Scarf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In a
piece which is to be united to another by a scarf joint, the part
of the end or edge that is tapered off, rabbeted, or notched so
as to be thinner than the rest of the piece.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A scarf joint.</def>
<cs><col>Scarf joint</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A joint made by
overlapping and bolting or locking together the ends of two
pieces of timber that are halved, notched, or cut away so that
they will fit each other and form a lengthened beam of the same
size at the junction as elsewhere</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A joint
formed by welding, riveting, or brazing together the overlapping
scarfed ends, or edges, of metal rods, sheets, etc.</cd> --
<col>Scarf weld</col>. <cd>See under <er>Weld</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scarf"skin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Epidermis</er>.</def>
<hw>Scar`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scarificatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>scarification</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The act of scarifying.</def>
<hw>Scar"i*fi*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>scarificateur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An
instrument, principally used in cupping, containing several
lancets moved simultaneously by a spring, for making slight
incisions.</def>
<hw>Scar"i*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who scarifies.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The instrument used for
scarifying.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>An implement for stripping
and loosening the soil, without bringing up a fresh
surface.</def>
<q>You have your <qex>scarifiers</qex> to make the ground
clean.</q>
<qau>Southey.</qau>
<hw>Scar"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scarified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Scarifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>scarifier</ets>, L.
<ets>scarificare</ets>, <ets>scarifare</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ to
scratch up, fr. <?/ a pointed instrument.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To scratch or cut the skin of; esp. <fld>(Med.)</fld>, to
make small incisions in, by means of a lancet or scarificator, so
as to draw blood from the smaller vessels without opening a large
vein.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>To stir the surface soil of,
as a field.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sca"ri*ose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sca"ri*ous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>scarieux</ets>,
NL. <ets>scariosus</ets>. Cf. <er>Scary</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Thin, dry, membranous, and not
green.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Scar`la*ti"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.: cf.
F. <ets>scarlatine</ets>. See <er>Scarlet</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Scarlet fever.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Scar`la*ti"nal</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> --
<wf>Scar*lat"i*nous</wf> <pr>(# <or/ #)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Scar"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from
scar.</def>
<au>Drummond.</au>
<hw>Scar"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scarlat</ets>, <ets>scarlet</ets>, OF. <ets>escarlate</ets>,
F. <ets>\'82carlate</ets> (cf. Pr. <ets>escarlat</ets>,
<ets>escarlata</ets>, Sp. & Pg. <ets>escarlata</ets>, It.
<ets>scarlatto</ets>, LL. <ets>scarlatum</ets>), from Per.
<ets>sakirl\'bet</ets>.]</ety> <def>A deep bright red tinged with
orange or yellow, -- of many tints and shades; a vivid or bright
red color.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cloth of a scarlet color.</def>
<q>All her household are clothed with <qex>scarlet</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prov. xxxi. 21.</qau>
<hw>Scar"let</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the color called
scarlet; <as>as, a <ex>scarlet</ex> cloth or thread</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Scarlet admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the red
admiral. See under <er>Red</er>. -- Scarlet bean
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, a kind of bean (<spn>Phaseolus
multiflorus</spn>) having scarlet flowers; scarlet runner.</cd>
-- <col>Scarlet fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a contagious
febrile disease characterized by inflammation of the fauces and a
scarlet rash, appearing usually on the second day, and ending in
desquamation about the sixth or seventh day.</cd> -- <col>Scarlet
fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the telescope fish; -- so
called from its red color. See under <er>Telescope</er>.</cd> --
<col>Scarlet ibis</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Ibis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Scarlet maple</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the red maple. See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> --
<col>Scarlet mite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
numerous species of bright red carnivorous mites found among
grass and moss, especially <spn>Thombidium holosericeum</spn> and
allied species. The young are parasitic upon spiders and
insects.</cd> -- <col>Scarlet oak</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
species of oak (<spn>Quercus coccinea</spn>) of the United
States; -- so called from the scarlet color of its leaves in
autumn.</cd> -- <col>Scarlet runner</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>the scarlet bean.</cd> -- <col>Scarlet tanager</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Tanager</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scar"let</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dye or tinge with
scarlet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The ashy paleness of my cheek
Is <qex>scarleted</qex> in ruddy flakes of wrath.</q>
<qau>Ford.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scar"mage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Scar"moge</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A slight contest; a
skirmish. See <er>Skirmish</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Such cruel game my <qex>scarmoges</qex> disarms.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Scarn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>skarn</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>scearn</ets>. Cf.
<er>Shearn</er>.]</ety> <def>Dung.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Ray.</au>
<cs><col>Scarn bee</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a dung
beetle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sca"roid</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Scarus</ets> +
<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to the <spn>Scarid\'91</spn>, a family of marine
fishes including the parrot fishes.</def>
<hw>Scarp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>escharpe</ets>. See 2d <er>Scarf</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A band in the same position as the bend
sinister, but only half as broad as the latter.</def>
<hw>Scarp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Aphetic form of
<er>Escarp</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The
slope of the ditch nearest the parapet; the escarp.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A steep descent or declivity.</def>
<hw>Scarp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scarped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scarping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut down
perpendicularly, or nearly so; <as>as, to <ex>scarp</ex> the face
of a ditch or a rock</as>.</def>
<q>From <qex>scarped</qex> cliff and quarried stone.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<q>Sweep ruins from the <qex>scarped</qex> mountain.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Scar"ring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A scar; a
mark.</def>
<q>We find upon the limestone rocks the <qex>scarrings</qex> of
the ancient glacier which brought the bowlder here.</q>
<qau>Tyndall.</qau>
<hw>Scar"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bearing scars
or marks of wounds.</def>
<hw>Scar"ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See 4th
<er>Scar</er>.]</ety> <def>Like a scar, or rocky eminence;
containing scars.</def>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sca"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See
<er>Scar</er> a kind of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
Mediterranean food fish (<spn>Sparisoma scarus</spn>) od
excellent quality and highly valued by the Romans; -- called also
<altname>parrot fish</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sca"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.
<ets>scare</ets> scraggy.]</ety> <def>Barren land having only a
thin coat of grass.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scar"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Scare</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Subject to sudden
alarm.</def> <mark>[Colloq.U.S.]</mark>
<au>Whittier.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Causing fright; alarming.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scase"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Scarcely;
hardly.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Robynson (More's Utopia)</au>
<hw>Scat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Go away;
begone; away; -- chiefly used in driving off a cat.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scat</hw>, <hw>Scatt</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Icel. <ets>scattr</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tribute.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdSeizing <xex>scatt</xex> and treasure.\'b8
<au>Longfellow.</au>
<hw>Scat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shower of rain.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Wright.</au>
<hw>Scatch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>escache</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of bit for the bridle of a
horse; -- called also <altname>scatchmouth</altname>.</def>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Scatch"es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl</plu>.
<ety>[OF. <ets>eschaces</ets>, F. <ets>\'82chasses</ets>, fr. D.
<ets>schaats</ets> a high-heeled shoe, a skate. See
<er>Skate</er>, for the foot.]</ety> <def>Stilts.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Skate</er>, for the foot.</def>
<hw>Scat"e*brous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scatebra</ets> a gushing up of water, from
<ets>scatere</ets> to bubble, gush.]</ety> <def>Abounding with
springs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scath</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>ska\'ebi</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>skade</ets>, Sw.
<ets>skada</ets>, AS. <ets>scea\'eba</ets>, <ets>sca\'eba</ets>,
foe, injurer, OS. <ets>ska\'ebo</ets>, D. <ets>schade</ets>,
<ets>schaden</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ unharmed. Cf. <er>Scathe</er>,
<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Harm; damage; injury; hurt; waste;
misfortune.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>scathe</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>But she was somedeal deaf, and that was <qex>skathe</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Great mercy, sure, for to enlarge a thrall,
Whose freedom shall thee turn to greatest <qex>scath</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Wherein Rome hath done you any <qex>scath</qex>,
Let him make treble satisfaction.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scathe</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <hw>Scath</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scathed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scathing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>ska\'eba</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>scea\'eban</ets>,
<ets>sce\'eb\'eban</ets>, Dan. <ets>skade</ets>, Sw.
<ets>skada</ets>, D. & G. <ets>schaden</ets>, OHG.
<ets>scad\'d3n</ets>, Goth. <ets>ska\'edjan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To
do harm to; to injure; to damage; to waste; to destroy.</def>
<q>As when heaven's fire
Hath <qex>scathed</qex> the forest oaks or mountain pines.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Strokes of calamity that <qex>scathe</qex> and scorch the
soul.</q>
<qau>W. Irwing.</qau>
<hw>Scath"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Harmful;
doing damage; pernicious.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Scath"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Scath"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unharmed.</def>
<au>R. L. Stevenson.</au>
<q>He, too, . . . is to be dismissed scathless.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Scath"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Injurious; scathful.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scattered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scattering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>scateren</ets>.
See <er>Shatter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strew about; to
sprinkle around; to throw down loosely; to deposit or place here
and there, esp. in an open or sparse order.</def>
<q>And some are <qex>scattered</qex> all the floor about.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Why should my muse enlarge on Libyan swains,
Their <qex>scattered</qex> cottages, and ample plains?</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Teach the glad hours to <qex>scatter</qex>, as they fly,
Soft quiet, gentle love, and endless joy.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to separate in different directions; to
reduce from a close or compact to a loose or broken order; to
dissipate; to disperse.</def>
<q><qex>Scatter</qex> and disperse the giddy Goths.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to frustrate, disappoint, and overthrow;
<as>as, to <ex>scatter</ex> hopes, plans, or the like</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To disperse; dissipate; spread; strew.</syn>
<hw>Scat"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be dispersed or
dissipated; to disperse or separate; <as>as, clouds
<ex>scatter</ex> after a storm</as>.</def>
<hw>Scat"ter-brain`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A giddy
or thoughtless person; one incapable of concentration or
attention.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>scatter-brains</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Scat"ter-brained`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Giddy; thoughtless.</def>
<hw>Scat"tered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Dispersed; dissipated; sprinkled, or loosely spread.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Irregular in position; having
no regular order; <as>as, <ex>scattered</ex> leaves</as>.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Scat"tered*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Scat"tered*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Scat"ter*good`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
wastes; a spendthrift.</def>
<hw>Scat"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Going or falling in
various directions; not united or agregated; divided among many;
<as>as, <ex>scattering</ex> votes</as>.</def>
<hw>Scat"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of strewing about;
something scattered.</def>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Scat"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scattering
manner; dispersedly.</def>
<hw>Scat"ter*ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Scatter</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who
has no fixed habitation or residence; a vagabond.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdForeign <xex>scatterlings</xex>.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sca*tu"ri*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>scaturiens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>scaturire</ets> gush out,
from <ets>scatere</ets> to bubble, gush.]</ety> <def>Gushing
forth; full to overflowing; effusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>A pen so <qex>scaturient</qex> and unretentive.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Scat`u*rig"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>skaturiginosus</ets>, fr. <ets>scaturigo</ets> gushing
water. See <er>Scaturient</er>.]</ety> <def>Abounding with
springs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scaup</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Scalp</er> a bed of oysters or mussels.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A bed or stratum of shellfish; scalp.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A scaup duck. See
below.</def>
<cs><col>Scaup duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
several species of northern ducks of the genus <spn>Aythya</spn>,
or <spn>Fuligula</spn>. The adult males are, in large part,
black. The three North American species are: the greater scaup
duck (<spn>Aythya marila</spn>, var. <spn>nearctica</spn>),
called also <altname>broadbill</altname>,
<altname>bluebill</altname>, <altname>blackhead</altname>,
<altname>flock duck</altname>, <altname>flocking fowl</altname>,
and <altname>raft duck</altname>; the lesser scaup duck (<spn>A.
affinis</spn>), called also <altname>little bluebill</altname>,
<altname>river broadbill</altname>, and
<altname>shuffler</altname>; the tufted, or ring-necked, scaup
duck (<spn>A. collaris</spn>), called also <altname>black
jack</altname>, <altname>ringneck</altname>,
<altname>ringbill</altname>, <altname>ringbill
shuffler</altname>, etc. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<cref>Ring-necked</cref>, under <er>Ring-necked</er>. The common
European scaup, or mussel, duck (<spn>A.marila</spn>), closely
resembles the American variety.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1285 -->
<hw>Scaup"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scalper</er>.]</ety> <def>A tool with a semicircular edge, --
used by engravers to clear away the spaces between the lines of
an engraving.</def>
<au>Fairholt.</au>
<hw>Scaur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A precipitous
bank or rock; a scar.</def>
<hw>Scav"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>scavagium</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>sce\'a0wian</ets> to lock at
to inspect. See <er>Show</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld>
<def>A toll duty formerly exacted of merchant strangers by
mayors, sheriffs, etc., for goods shown or offered for sale
within their precincts.</def>
<au>Cowell.</au>
<hw>Scav"enge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
cleanse, as streets, from filth.</def>
<au>C. Kingsley.</au>
<-- 2. To salvage (usable items or material) from discarded or
waste material. -->
<hw>Scav"en*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scavager</ets> an officer with various duties, orginally
attending to <ets>scavage</ets>, fr. OE. & E. <ets>scavage</ets>.
See <er>Scavage</er>, Show, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>A person
whose employment is to clean the streets of a city, by scraping
or sweeping, and carrying off the fifth. The name is also applied
to any animal which devours refuse, carrion, or anything
injurious to health.</def>
<cs><col>Scavenger beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any
beetle which feeds on decaying substances, as the carrion
beetle.</cd> -- <col>Scavanger crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>any crab which feeds on dead animals, as the spider
crab.</cd> -- <col>Scavenger's daughter</col> <ety>[corrupt. of
<ets>Skevington's daughter<ets>]</ety>, <cd>an instrument of
torture invented by Sir W. <xex>Skevington<xex>, which so
compressed the body as to force the blood to flow from nostrils.
and sometimes from the hands and feet.</cd></cs>
<au>Am. Cyc.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sca"zon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ <ets>to limp</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Lat.
Pros.)</fld> <def>A choliamb.</def>
<hw>Scel"er*at</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sc\'82l\'82ra<?/</ets> from L. <ets>sceleratus</ets>, p.p.
of <ets>scelerare</ets> to pollute, from <ets>scelus</ets>,
<ets>sceleris</ets>, a crime.]</ety> <def>A villian; a
criminal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cheyne.</au>
<hw>Sce*les"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scelestus</ets>, from <ets>scelus</ets> wickedness.]</ety>
<def>Evil; wicked; atrocious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Scelestic</xex> villainies.\'b8
<au>Feltham.</au>
<hw>Scel"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Skeleton</er>.]</ety> <def>A mummy; a skeleton.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>olland.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sce"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A scene in an opera.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An accompanied dramatic recitative,
interspersed with passages of melody, or followed by a full
aria.</def>
<au>Rockstro.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sce*na"ri*o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A preliminary sketch of the plot, or main
incidents, of an opera.</def>
<hw>Scen"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>scenarius</ets> belonging to the stage.]</ety>
<def>Scenery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Scene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scaena</ets>, <ets>scena</ets>, Gr. <?/ a covered place, a
tent, a stage.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The structure on which a
spectacle or play is exhibited; the part of a theater in which
the acting is done, with its adjuncts and decorations; the
stage.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The decorations and fittings of a stage,
representing the place in which the action is supposed to go on;
one of the slides, or other devices, used to give an appearance
of reality to the action of a play; <as>as, to paint
<ex>scenes</ex>; to shift the <ex>scenes</ex>; to go behind the
<ex>scenes</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>So much of a play as passes without change of
locality or time, or important change of character; hence, a
subdivision of an act; a separate portion of a play, subordinate
to the act, but differently determined in different plays;
<as>as, an act of four <ex>scenes</ex></as>.</def>
<q>My dismal <qex>scene</qex> I needs must act alone.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The place, time, circumstance, etc., in which
anything occurs, or in which the action of a story, play, or the
like, is laid; surroundings amid which anything is set before the
imagination; place of occurence, exhibition, or action.</def>
\'bdIn Troy, there lies the <xex>scene</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The world is a vast <qex>scene</qex> of strife.</q>
<qau>J. M. Mason.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>An assemblage of objects presented to the view
at once; a series of actions and events exhibited in their
connection; a spectacle; a show; an exhibition; a view.</def>
<q>Through what new <qex>scenes</qex> and changes must we
pass!</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A landscape, or part of a landscape;
scenery.</def>
<q>A sylvan <qex>scene</qex> with various greens was drawn,
Shades on the sides, and in the midst a lawn.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>An exhibition of passionate or strong feeling
before others; often, an artifical or affected action, or course
of action, done for effect; a theatrical display.</def>
<q>Probably no lover of <qex>scenes</qex> would have had very
long to wait <?/or some explosions between parties, both equally
ready to take offense, and careless of giving it.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<cs><col>Behind the scenes</col>, <cd>behind the scenery of a
theater; out of the view of the audience, but in sight of the
actors, machinery, etc.; hence, conversant with the hidden
motives and agencies of what appears to public view.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scene</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To exhibit as a scene; to
make a scene of; to display.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Abp. Sancroft.</au>
<hw>Scene"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having much
scenery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Scene"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scenemen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The man who
manages the movable scenes in a theater.</def>
<hw>Scen"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Assemblage of scenes; the scenes of a play; the disposition
and arrangement of the scenes in which the action of a play,
poem, etc., is laid; representation of place of action or
occurence.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sum of scenes or views; general aspect, as
regards variety and beauty or the reverse, in a landscape;
combination of natural views, as woods, hills, etc.</def>
<q>Never need an American look beyond his own country for the
sublime and beautiful of natural <qex>scenery</qex>.</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>
<hw>Scene"shift`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
moves the scenes in a theater; a sceneman.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Scen"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scaenicus</ets>, <ets>scenicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>sc\'82nique</ets>. See <er>Scene</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to scenery; of the nature of scenery;
theatrical.</def>
<q>All these situations communicate a <qex>scenical</qex>
animation to the wild romance, if treated dramatically.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Scen"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Scenography</er>.]</ety> <def>A perspective representation or
general view of an object.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scen`o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Scen`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>sc\'82nographique</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>
<def>Of or pertaining to scenography; drawn in perspective.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Scen`o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sce*nog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scenographia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ scene, stage + <?/ to
write: cf. F. <ets>sc\'82nographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or
act of representing a body on a perspective plane; also, a
representation or description of a body, in all its dimensions,
as it appears to the eye.</def>
<au>Greenhill.</au>
<hw>Scent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scented</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Scenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Originally
<ets>sent</ets>, fr. F. <ets>sentir</ets> to feel, to smell. See
<er>Sense</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To perceive by the
olfactory organs; to smell; <as>as, to <ex>scent</ex> game, as a
hound does</as>.</def>
<q>Methinks I <qex>scent</qex> the morning air.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To imbue or fill with odor; to perfume.</def>
<q>Balm from a silver box distilled around,
Shall all bedew the roots, and <qex>scent</qex> the sacred
ground.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Scent</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have a
smell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Thunderbolts . . . do <qex>scent</qex> strongly of
brimstone.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hunt animals by means of the sense of
smell.</def>
<hw>Scent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which,
issuing from a body, affects the olfactory organs of animals;
odor; smell; <as>as, the <ex>scent</ex> of an orange, or of a
rose; the <ex>scent</ex> of musk</as>.</def>
<q>With lavish hand diffuses <qex>scents</qex> ambrosial.</q>
<qau>prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, the odor left by an animal on the
ground in passing over it; <as>as, dogs find or lose the
<ex>scent</ex></as>; hence, course of pursuit; track of
discovery.</def>
<q>He gained the observations of innumerable ages, and traveled
upon the same <qex>scent</qex> into Ethiopia.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The power of smelling; the sense of smell;
<as>as, a hound of nice <ex>scent</ex>; to divert the
<ex>scent</ex></as>.</def>
<au>I. Watts.</au>
<hw>Scent"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Full of scent or odor; odorous.</def> \'bdA
<xex>scentful</xex> nosegay.\'b8
<au>W. Browne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of quick or keen smell.</def>
<q>The <qex>scentful</qex> osprey by the rock had fished.</q>
<qau>W. Browne.</qau>
<hw>Scent"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By
scent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Scent"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no scent.</def>
<q>The <qex>scentless</qex> and the scented rose.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Scep"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from
Gr. <?/ doubt, fr. <?/ to consider: cf. G. <ets>skepsis</ets>.
See <er>Skeptic</er>.]</ety> <def>Skepticism; skeptical
philosophy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q> Among their products were the system of Locke, the
<qex>scepsis</qex> of Hume, the critical philosophy of kant.</q>
<qau>J. martineau.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scep"ter</hw>, <hw>Scep"tre</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sceptre</ets>, L.
<ets>sceptrum</ets>, from Gr. <?/ a staff to lean upon, a
scepter; probably akin to E. <ets>shaft</ets>. See
<er>Shaft</er>, and cf. <er>Scape</er> a stem, shaft.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a
ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace.</def>
<q>And the king held out Esther the golden <qex>scepter</qex>
that was in his hand.</q>
<qau>Esther v. 2.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, royal or imperial power or authority;
sovereignty; <as>as, to assume the <ex>scepter</ex></as>.</def>
<q>The <qex>scepter</qex> shall not depart from Judah, nor a
lawgiver from between his feet, until Shilon come.</q>
<qau>Gen. xlix. 10.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scep"ter</hw>, <hw>Scep"tre</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sceptered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Sceptred</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sceptering</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Sceptring</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To endow with the scepter, or
emblem of authority; to invest with royal authority.</def>
<q>To Britain's queen the <qex>sceptered</qex> suppliant
bends.</q>
<qau>Tickell.</qau>
<hw>Scep`ter*el"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a straight shaft with whorls of
spines; -- said of certain sponge spicules. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Spicule</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scep"ter*less</hw>, <hw>Scep"tre*less</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no scepter; without authority;
powerless; <as>as, a <ex>scepterless</ex> king</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scep"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Scep"tic*al</hw>,
<hw>Scep"ti*cism</hw>, }</mhw><def>etc. See <er>Skeptic</er>,
<er>Skeptical</er>, <er>Skepticism</er>, etc.</def>
<hw>Scep"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a scepter; like a scepter.</def>
<hw>Scern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To discern; to
perceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Schade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Shade;
shadow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<note><hand/ English words now beginning with <xex>sh</xex>, like
<xex>shade</xex>, were formerly often spelled with a <xex>c</xex>
between the <xex>s</xex> and <xex>h</xex>; <xex>as</xex>,
<xex>schade</xex>; <xex>schame</xex>; <xex>schape</xex>;
<xex>schort</xex>, etc.</note>
<hw>Schah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shah</er>.</def>
<hw>Sche"di*asm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an
extempore, fr. <?/ to do offhand, <?/ sudden, fr. <?/
near.]</ety> <def>Cursory writing on a loose sheet.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sched"ule</hw> <pr>(?; <it>in England commonly</it> ?;
277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>c\'82dule</ets>, formerly
also spelt <ets>schedule</ets>, L. <ets>schedula</ets>, dim. of
scheda, scida, a strip of papyrus bark, a leaf of paper; akin to
(or perh. from) Gr. <?/ a tablet, leaf, and to L.
<ets>scindere</ets> to cleave, Gr. <?/. See <er>Schism</er>, and
cf. <er>Cedule</er>.]</ety> <def>A written or printed scroll or
sheet of paper; a document; especially, a formal list or
inventory; a list or catalogue annexed to a larger document, as
to a will, a lease, a statute, etc.</def>
<-- 2. Timetable, esp. a list of times at which a conveyance is
expected to arrive or leave.
3. Program, a list of items which will occur during an event,
usu. with the expected time for each item.
4. Agenda. -->
<syn>Syn. -- Catalogue; list; inventory. see <er>List</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sched"ule</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form into, or place
in, a schedule.</def>
<hw>Scheele's" green`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[See
<er>Scheelite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See under
<er>Green</er>.</def>
<hw>Scheel"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Scheelium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scheel"ite</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
C.W.<ets>Scheele</ets>, a Swedish chemist.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Calcium tungstate, a mineral of a white or
pale yellowish color and of the tetragonal system of
crystallization.</def>
<hw>Schee"li*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. From
C.W.<ets>Scheele</ets>, who discovered it.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The metal tungsten.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scheik</hw> <pr>(sh<emac/k <or/ sh<amac/k)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Sheik</er>.</def>
<hw>Schel"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The powan.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sche"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Schemata</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Schemas</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[G. See <er>Scheme</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Kantian Philos.)</fld> <def>An outline or image universally
applicable to a general conception, under which it is likely to
be presented to the mind; <as>as, five dots in a line are a
<ex>schema</ex> of the number five; a preceding and succeeding
event are a <ex>schema</ex> of cause and effect</as>.</def>
<hw>Sche*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gr.
<?/ pretended.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a scheme or a
schema.</def>
<hw>Sche"ma*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sch\'82matisme</ets> (cf. L. <ets>schematismos</ets> florid
speech), fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to form. See
<er>Scheme</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld>
<def>Combination of the aspects of heavenly bodies.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Particular form or disposition of a thing; an
exhibition in outline of any systematic arrangement.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sche"ma*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One given
to forming schemes; a projector; a schemer.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Sche"ma*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sch\'82matiser</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To form a scheme
or schemes.</def>
<hw>Scheme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>schema</ets> a rhetorical figure, a shape, figure, manner,
Gr. <?/, <?/, form, shape, outline, plan, fr. <?/, <?/, to have
or hold, to hold out, sustain, check, stop; cf. Skr.
<ets>sah</ets> to be victorious, to endure, to hold out, AS.
<ets>sige</ets> victory, G. <ets>sieg</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>.
<er>Epoch</er>, <er>Hectic</er>, <er>School</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A combination of things connected and adjusted
by design; a system.</def>
<q>The appearance and outward <qex>scheme</qex> of things.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<q>Such a <qex>scheme</qex> of things as shall at once take in
time and eternity.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<q>Arguments . . . sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole
<qex>scheme</qex> of moral philosophy.</q>
<qau>J. Edwards.</qau>
<q>The Revolution came and changed his whole <qex>scheme</qex> of
life.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A plan or theory something to be done; a design;
a project; <as>as, to form a <ex>scheme</ex></as>.</def>
<q>The stoical <qex>scheme</qex> of supplying our wants by
lopping off our desires, is like cuttig off our feet when we want
shoes.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any lineal or mathematical diagram; an
outline.</def>
<q>To draw an exact <qex>scheme</qex> of Constantinople, or a map
of France.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A representation of the
aspects of the celestial bodies for any moment o at a given
event.</def>
<q>A blue case, from which was drawn a <qex>scheme</qex> of
nativity.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Plan; project; contrivance; purpose; device;
plot.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Scheme</er>, <er>Plan</er>.
<xex>Scheme</xex> and <xex>plan</xex> are subordinate to
<xex>design</xex>; they propose modes of carrying our designs
into effect. <xex>Scheme</xex> is the least definite of the two,
and lies more in speculation. A <xex>plan</xex> is drawn out into
details with a view to being carried into effect. As
<xex>schemes</xex> are speculative, they often prove visionary;
hence the opprobrious use of the words <xex>schemer</xex> and
<xex>scheming</xex>. <xex>Plans</xex>, being more practical, are
more frequently carried into effect.</usage>
<q>He forms the well-concerted <qex>scheme</qex> of mischief;
'T is fixed, 't is done, and both are doomed to death.</q>
<qau>Rowe.</qau>
<q>Artists and <qex>plans</qex> relieved my solemn hours;
I founded palaces, and planted bowers.</q>
<qau>prior.</qau>
<hw>Scheme</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Schemed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scheming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a scheme
of; to plan; to design; to project; to plot.</def>
<q>That wickedness which <qex>schemed</qex>, and executed, his
destruction.</q>
<qau>G. Stuart.</qau>
<hw>Scheme</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form a scheme or
schemes.</def>
<hw>Scheme"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of
schemes or plans.</def>
<hw>Schem"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who forms
schemes; a projector; esp., a plotter; an intriguer.</def>
<q><qex>Schemers</qex> and confederates in guilt.</q>
<qau>Paley.</qau>
<hw>Schem"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Given to forming schemes;
artful; intriguing.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Schem"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Schem"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A schemer.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Waterland.</au>
<hw>Schene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>schoenus</ets>, Gr. <?/ a rush, a reed, a land measure: cf.
F. <ets>sch\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>An
Egyptian or Persian measure of length, varying from thirthy-two
to sixty stadia.</def>
<hw>Schenk"beer`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>schenkbier</ets>; <ets>schenken</ets> to pour out +
<ets>bier</ets> beer; -- so called because put on draught soon
after it is made.]</ety> <def>A mild German beer.</def>
<hw>Scher"bet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sherbet</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scher"if</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sherif</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scher*zan"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In a playful or sportive
manner.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scher"zo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A playful, humorous
movement, commonly in 3-4 measure, which often takes the place of
the old minuet and trio in a sonata or a symphony.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sche"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, to have or hold. See
<er>Scheme</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>General state or
disposition of the body or mind, or of one thing with regard to
other things; habitude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Norris.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech whereby
the mental habitude of an adversary or opponent is feigned for
the purpose of arguing against him.</def>
<au>Crabb.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Schet"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Schet"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/ holding
back.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the habit of the body;
constitutional.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cudworth.</au>
<hw>Schie*dam"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Short for
<ets>Schiedam schnapps</ets>.]</ety> <def>Holland gin made at
Schiedam in the Netherlands.</def>
<hw>Schil"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., play of
colors.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The peculiar bronzelike
luster observed in certain minerals, as hypersthene, schiller
spar, etc. It is due to the presence of minute inclusions in
parallel position, and in sometimes of secondary origin.</def>
<cs><col>Schiller spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an altered
variety of enstatite, exhibiting, in certain positions, a
bronzelike luster.</cd></cs>
<hw>Schi`ler*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The act or process of producing schiller
in a mineral mass</def>.
<hw>Schil"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G. See
<er>Shilling</er>.]</ety> <def>Any one of several small German
and Dutch coins, worth from about one and a half cents to about
five cents.</def>
<hw>\'d8Schin`dy*le"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a splitting into fragments.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A form of articulation in which one bone
is received into a groove or slit in another.</def>
<hw>Schir"rhus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scirrhus</er>.</def>
<hw>Schism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scisme</ets>, OF. <ets>cisme</ets>, <ets>scisme</ets>, F.
<ets>schisme</ets>, L. <ets>schisma</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to
split; akin to L. <ets>scindere</ets>, Skr. <ets>child</ets>, and
prob. to E. <ets>shed</ets>, v.t. (which see); cf.
<er>Rescind</er>, <er>Schedule</er>, <er>Zest</er>.]</ety>
<def>Division or separation; specifically <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>,
permanent division or separation in the Christian church; breach
of unity among people of the same religious faith; the offense of
seeking to produce division in a church without justifiable
cause.</def>
<q>Set bounds to our passions by reason, to our errors by truth,
and to our <qex>schisms</qex> by charity.</q>
<qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau>
<-- p. 1286 -->
<cs><col>Greek schism</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the
separation of the Greek and Roman churches.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Great schism</col>, <or/ <col>Western
schism</col></mcol> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <cd>a schism in the church
in the latter part of the 14th century, on account of rival
claimants to the papal throne.</cd> -- <col>Schism act</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an act of the English Parliament requiring
all teachers to conform to the Established Church, -- passed in
1714, repealed in 1719.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Schis"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
spilt, separation, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>schisma</ets>. See
<er>Schism</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Mus.)</fld> <def>An interval
equal to half a comma.</def>
<hw>Schis*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(s<icr/z*m<acr/t"<icr/k; <it>so nearly
all ortho\'89pists</it>)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>schismaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>schismatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to schism;
implying schism; partaking of the nature of schism; tending to
schism; <as>as, <ex>schismatic</ex> opinions or
proposals</as>.</def>
<hw>Schis*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who creates or takes part in schism; one who separates from an
established church or religious communion on account of a
difference of opinion.</def> \'bdThey were popularly classed
together as canting <xex>schismatics</xex>.\'b8
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Heretic; partisan. See <er>Heretic</er>.</syn>
<hw>Schis*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Schismatic</er>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Schismat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Schis*mat"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Schis"ma*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Schismatized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Schismatizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>schismatiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make part in schism; to
make a breach of communion in the church.</def>
<hw>Schism"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from
schism.</def>
<hw>Schist</hw> <pr>(sh<icr/st)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
divided, divisible, fr. <?/ to divide: cf. F. <ets>schiste</ets>.
See <er>Schism</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Any
crystalline rock having a foliated structure (see
<er>Foliation</er>) and hence admitting of ready division into
slabs or slates. The common kinds are <xex>mica schist</xex>, and
<xex>hornblendic schist</xex>, consisting chiefly of quartz with
mica or hornblende and often feldspar.</def>
<hw>Schis*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a
slate color.</def>
<hw>Schist"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Schistose.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Schis*tose"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>,
<hw>Schist*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>schisteux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to schist; having the structure of a schist.</def>
<hw>Schis*tos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>schistosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The
quality or state of being schistose.</def>
<hw>Schiz"o-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ to split,
cleave.]</ety> <def>A combining form denoting <xex>division</xex>
or <xex>cleavage</xex>; <as>as, <ex>schizo</ex>genesis,
reproduction by fission or cell division</as>.</def>
<hw>Schiz"o*carp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Schizo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A dry fruit which splits at maturity into
several closed one-seeded portions.</def>
<hw>Schiz"o*c\'d2le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Schizo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ hollow.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Enteroc\'d2le</er>.</def>
<hw>Schiz`o*c\'d2"lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a
schizoc\'d2le.</def>
<hw>Schiz`o*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Schizo-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>reproduction by fission.</def>
<au>Haeckel.</au>
<hw>Schiz"og*nath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Schizognathous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
bird with a schizognathous palate.</def>
<hw>\'d8Schi*zog"na*th\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The schizognathous
birds.</def>
<hw>Schi*zog"na*thism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>the condition of having a
schizognathous palate.</def>
<hw>Schi*zog"na*thous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Schize-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the jaw.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the maxillo-palatine bones
separate from each other and from the vomer, which is pointed in
front, as in the gulls, snipes, grouse, and many other
birds.</def>
<hw>\'d8Schiz`o*my*ce"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>,
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to split + <?/, -<?/, a fungus.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An order of <spn>Schizophyta</spn>,
including the so-called fission fungi, or bacteria. See
<er>Schizophyta</er>, in the Supplement.</def>
<hw>\'d8Schiz`o*ne*mer"te*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Schizo</er>-, and <er>Nemertes</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of nemerteans comprising those
having a deep slit along each side of the head. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. in Appendix.</def>
<hw>Schiz`o*pel"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Schizo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the sole of the foot.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the two flexor tendons of the
toes entirely separate, and the <xex>flexor hallicus</xex> going
to the first toe only.</def>
<hw>Schiz"o*phyte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Schizo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a plant.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of a class of vegetable organisms, in
the classification of Cohn, which includes all of the inferior
forms that multiply by fission, whether they contain chlorophyll
or not.</def>
<hw>Schiz"o*pod</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>one of the Schizopoda. Also used
adjectively.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Schiz"o*pod</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>,
<hw>Schi*zop"o*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to a schizopod, or the Schizopoda.</def>
<hw>\'d8Schi*zop"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>,
<ety>[NL. See <er>Schizo</er>-, and <er>-poda</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of shrimplike Thoracostraca
in which each of the thoracic legs has a long fringed upper
branch (exopodite) for swimming.</def>
<hw>Sciz`o*rhi"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Schizo-</ets> + <ets>rhinal</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the nasal bones separate.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the anterior
nostrils prolonged backward in the form of a slit.</def>
<hw>\'d8Schlich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.; akin
to LG. <ets>slik</ets> mud, D. <ets>slijk</ets>, MHG.
<ets>sl<?/ch</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The finer
portion of a crushed ore, as of gold, lead, or tin, separated by
the water in certain wet processes.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>slich</asp>, <asp>slick</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Schmel"ze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>schmelz</ets>, <ets>schmelzglas</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of
glass of a red or ruby color, made in Bohemia.</def>
<hw>Schnapps</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., a dram of
spirits.]</ety> <def>Holland gin.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Schnei*de"ri*an</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Discovered or described by C. V.
<xex>Schneider</xex>, a German anatomist of the seventeenth
century.</def>
<cs><col>Schneiderian membrane</col>, <cd>the mucous membrane
which lines the nasal chambers; the pituitary membrane.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scho*har"ie grit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld>
<def>The formation belonging to the middle of the three
subdivisions of the Corniferous period in the American Devonian
system; -- so called from <xex>Schoharie</xex>, in New York,
where it occurs. See the <xex>Chart</xex> of
<er>Geology</er>.</def>
<hw>Schol"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scoler</ets>, AS. <ets>sc<omac/lere</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>scholaris</ets> belonging to a school, fr. <ets>schola</ets>
a school. See <er>School</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who
attends a school; one who learns of a teacher; one under the
tuition of a preceptor; a pupil; a disciple; a learner; a
student.</def>
<q>I am no breeching <qex>scholar</qex> in the schools.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One engaged in the pursuits of learning; a
learned person; one versed in many branches, of knowledge; a
person of high literary or scientific attainments; a
savant.</def>
<au>Shak. Locke.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A man of books.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>In English universities, an undergraduate who
belongs to the foundation of a college, and receives support in
part from its revenues.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Pupil; learner; disciple.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Scholar</er>, <er>Pupil</er>. <xex>Scholar</xex> refers to
the instruction, and <xex>pupil</xex> to the care and government,
of a teacher. A <xex>scholar</xex> is one who is under
instruction; a <xex>pupil</xex> is one who is under the immediate
and personal care of an instructor; hence we speak of a bright
<xex>scholar</xex>, and an obedient <xex>pupil</xex>.</usage>
<hw>Scho*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>scholarit\'82</ets>, or LL. <ets>scholaritias</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Scholarship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Schol"ar*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Scholarly.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Schol"ar*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a scholar, or
learned person; showing the qualities of a scholar; <as>as, a
<ex>scholarly</ex> essay or critique</as>.</def> --
<def2><pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scholarly manner.</def></def2>
<hw>Schol"ar*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
character and qualities of a scholar; attainments in science or
literature; erudition; learning.</def>
<q>A man of my master's . . . great <qex>scholarship</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Literary education.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Any other house of <qex>scholarship</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Maintenance for a scholar; a foundation for the
support of a student.</def>
<au>T. Warton.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Learning; erudition; knowledge.</syn>
<hw>Scho*las"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scholasticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to have leisure, to
give lectures, to keep a school, from <?/ leisure, a lecture, a
school: cf. F. <ets>scholastique</ets>, <ets>scolastique</ets>.
See <er>School</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or
suiting, a scholar, a school, or schools; scholarlike; <as>as,
<ex>scholastic</ex> manners or pride; <ex>scholastic</ex>
learning</as>.</def>
<au>Sir K. Digby.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the schoolmen and divines of
the Middle Ages (see <er>Schoolman</er>); <as>as,
<ex>scholastic</ex> divinity or theology; <ex>scholastic</ex>
philosophy</as>.</def>
<au>Locke.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, characterized by excessive subtilty, or
needlessly minute subdivisions; pedantic; formal.</def>
<hw>Scho*las"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who
adheres to the method or subtilties of the schools.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>See the Note under
<er>Jesuit</er>.</def>
<hw>Scho*las"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>
<def>Scholastic.</def>
<hw>Scho*las"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scholastic
manner.</def>
<hw>Scho*las"ti*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
method or subtitles the schools of philosophy; scholastic
formality; scholastic doctrines or philosophy.</def>
<q>The spirit of the old <qex>scholasticism</qex> . . . spurned
laborious investigation and slow induction.</q>
<qau>J. P. Smith.</qau>
<hw>Scho"li*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scholium</er>.</def>
<hw>Scho"li*ast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
fr. <?/ a scholium: cf. F. <ets>scoliate</ets>. See
<er>Scholium</er>.]</ety> <def>A maker of scholia; a commentator
or annotator.</def>
<q>No . . . quotations from Talmudists and <qex>scholiasts</qex>
. . . ever marred the effect of his grave temperate
discourses.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Scho`li*as"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a scholiast, or his pursuits.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Scho"li*aze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <def>To write scholia.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Schol"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scholicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/. See
<er>School</er>.]</ety> <def>Scholastic.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>ales.</au>
<hw>\'d8Scho"li*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A scholium.</def>
<q>A judgment which follows immediately from another is sometimes
called a corollary, or consectary . . . One which illustrates the
science where it appears, but is not an integral part of it, is a
<qex>scholion</qex>.</q>
<qau>Abp. Thomson (Laws of Thought).</qau>
<hw>Scho"li*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>Scholia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Scholiums</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/. See
<er>School</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Marginal anotation; an
explanatory remark or comment; specifically, an explanatory
comment on the text of a classic author by an early
grammarian.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A remark or observation subjoined to a
demonstration or a train of reasoning.</def>
<hw>Scho"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
scholium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hooker.</au>
<hw>Scho"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To
write scholia; to annotate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>School</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>shool</ets> a crowd; prob. confuced with <ets>school</ets>
for learning.]</ety> <def>A shoal; a multitude; <as>as, a
<ex>school</ex> of fish</as>.</def>
<hw>School</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>scole</ets>, AS.
<ets>sc<?/lu</ets>, L. <ets>schola</ets>, Gr. <?/ leisure, that
in which leisure is employed, disputation, lecture, a school,
probably from the same root as <?/, the original sense being
perhaps, a stopping, a resting. See <er>Scheme</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A place for learned intercourse and instruction;
an institution for learning; an educational establishment; a
place for acquiring knowledge and mental training; <as>as, the
<ex>school</ex> of the prophets</as>.</def>
<q>Disputing daily in the <qex>school</qex> of one Tyrannus.</q>
<qau>Acts xix. 9.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place of primary instruction; an establishment
for the instruction of children; <as>as, a primary
<ex>school</ex>; a common <ex>school</ex>; a grammar
<ex>school</ex></as>.</def>
<q>As he sat in the <qex>school</qex> at his primer.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A session of an institution of
instruction.</def>
<q>How now, Sir Hugh! No <qex>school</qex> to-day?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>One of the seminaries for teaching logic,
metaphysics, and theology, which were formed in the Middle Ages,
and which were characterized by academical disputations and
subtilties of reasoning.</def>
<q>At Cambridge the philosophy of Descartes was still dominant in
the <qex>schools</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The room or hall in English universities where
the examinations for degrees and honors are held.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>An assemblage of scholars; those who attend upon
instruction in a school of any kind; a body of pupils.</def>
<q>What is the great community of Christians, but one of the
innumerable <qex>schools</qex> in the vast plan which God has
instituted for the education of various intelligences?</q>
<qau>Buckminster.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>The disciples or followers of a teacher; those
who hold a common doctrine, or accept the same teachings; a sect
or denomination in philosophy, theology, science, medicine,
politics, etc.</def>
<q>Let no man be less confident in his faith . . . by reason of
any difference in the several <qex>schools</qex> of
Christians.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>The canons, precepts, or body of opinion or
practice, sanctioned by the authority of a particular class or
age; <as>as, he was a gentleman of the old
<ex>school</ex></as>.</def>
<q>His face pale but striking, though not handsome after the
<qex>schools</qex>.</q>
<qau>A. S. Hardy.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Figuratively, any means of knowledge or
discipline; <as>as, the <ex>school</ex> of experience</as>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Boarding school</col>, <col>Common school</col>,
<col>District school</col>, <col>Normal school</col></mcol>,
<cd>etc. See under <er>Boarding</er>, <er>Common</er>,
<er>District</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>High school</col>, <cd>a
free public school nearest the rank of a college.</cd>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>School board</col>, <cd>a corporation
established by law in every borough or parish in England, and
elected by the burgesses or ratepayers, with the duty of
providing public school accomodation for all children in their
dictrict.</cd> -- <mcol><col>School commitee</col>, <col>School
board</col></mcol>, <cd>an elected commitee of citizens having
charge and care of the public schools in any district, town, or
city, and responsible control of the money appropriated for
school purposes.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>School
days</col>, <cd>the period in which youth are sent to
school.</cd> -- <col>School district</col>, <cd>a division of a
town or city for establishing and conducting schools.</cd>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Sunday school</col>, <or/
<col>Sabbath school</col></mcol>, <cd>a school held on Sunday for
study of the Bible and for religious instruction; the pupils, or
the teachers and pupils, of such a school,
collectively.</cd></cs>
<hw>School</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Schooled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Schooling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
train in an institution of learning; to educate at a school; to
teach.</def>
<q>He's gentle, never <qex>schooled</qex>, and yet learned.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tutor; to chide and admonish; to reprove; to
subject to systematic disciplene; to train.</def>
<q>It now remains for you to <qex>school</qex> your child,
And ask why God's Anointed be reviled.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The mother, while loving her child with the intensity of a
sole affection, had <qex>schooled</qex> herself to hope for
little other return than the waywardness of an April breeze.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<hw>School"book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A book
used in schools for learning lessons.</def>
<hw>School"boy`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boy
belonging to, or attending, a school.</def>
<hw>School"dame`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
schoolmistress.</def>
<hw>School"er*y</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something
taught; precepts; schooling</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>penser.</au>
<hw>School"fel`low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One bred
at the same school; an associate in school.</def>
<hw>School"girl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A girl
belonging to, or attending, a school.</def>
<hw>School"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house
appropriated for the use of a school or schools, or for
instruction.</def><-- a building used for schooling, esp. one
used as an elementary school; usu. small, and usu. constructed
specifically for that purpose. -->
<hw>School"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Instruction
in school; tuition; education in an institution of learning; act
of teaching.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Discipline; reproof; reprimand; <as>as, he gave
his son a good <ex>schooling</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Compensation for instruction; price or reward
paid to an instructor for teaching pupils.</def>
<hw>School"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>School</er> a
shoal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Collecting or running in
schools or shoals.</def><-- used of fish -->
<q><qex>Schooling</qex> species like the herring and
menhaden.</q>
<qau>G. B. Goode.</qau>
<hw>School"ma'am</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
schoolmistress.</def> <mark>[Colloq.U.S.]</mark>
<hw>School"maid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
schoolgirl.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>School"man`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Schoolmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One versed in the
niceties of academical disputation or of school divinity.</def>
<note><hand/ The <xex>schoolmen</xex> were philosophers and
divines of the Middle Ages, esp. from the 11th century to the
Reformation, who spent much time on points of nice and abstract
speculation. They were so called because they taught in the
medi\'91val universities and schools of divinity.</note>
<hw>School"mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The man who presides over and teaches a school; a male
teacher of a school.</def>
<q>Let the soldier be abroad if he will; he can do nothing in
this age. There is another personage abroad, -- a person less
imposing, -- in the eyes of some, perhaps, insignificant. The
<qex>schoolmaster</qex> is abroad; and I trust to him, armed with
his primer, against the soldier in full military array.</q>
<qau>Brougham.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, disciplines and
directs.</def>
<q>The law was our <qex>schoolmaster</qex>, to bring us into
Christ.</q>
<qau>Gal. iii. 24.</qau>
<-- p. 1287 -->
<hw>School"mate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pupil
who attends the same school as another.</def>
<hw>School"mis`tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
woman who governs and teaches a school; a female
school-teacher.</def>
<hw>School"room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A room in
which pupils are taught.</def>
<hw>School"ship`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vessel
employed as a nautical training school, in which naval
apprentices receive their education at the expense of the state,
and are trained for service as sailors. Also, a vessel used as a
reform school to which boys are committed by the courts to be
disciplined, and instructed as mariners.</def>
<hw>School"-teach`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who teaches or instructs a school.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>School"-teach`ing</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>School"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward
school.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Schoon"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See the Note
below. Cf. <er>Shun</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>Originally, a small, sharp-built vessel, with two topsails
on one or both masts and was called a <xex>topsail
schooner</xex>. About 1840, longer vesels with three masts,
fore-and-aft rigged, came into use, and since that time vesels
with four masts and even with six masts, so rigged, are built.
Schooners with more than two masts are designated
<xex>three-masted schooners</xex>, <xex>four-masted
schooners</xex>, etc. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in
Appendix.</def><-- since early in the 20th century, almost all
ocean commerce has been conducted on motorized ships, and such
sailing ships have survived primarily as historical curiosities,
or as pleasure boats. -->
<note><hand/ The fist <xex>schooner</xex> ever constructed is
said to have between built in Gloucester, Massachusetts, about
theyar 1713, by a Captain Andrew Robinson, and to have received
its name from the following trivial circumstance: When the vessel
went off the stocks into the water, a bystander cried out,\'bdO,
how she <xex>scoons</xex>!\'b8 Robinson replied, \'bd A
<xex>scooner</xex> let her be;\'b8 and, from that time, vessels
thus masted and rigged have gone by this name. The word
<xex>scoon</xex> is popularly used in some parts of New England
to denote the act of making stones skip along the surface of
water. The Scottish <xex>scon</xex> means the same thing. Both
words are probably allied to the Icel. <xex>skunda</xex>,
<xex>skynda</xex>, to make haste, hurry, AS. <xex>scunian</xex>
to avoid, shun, Prov. E. <xex>scun</xex>. In the New England
records, the word appears to have been originally written
<xex>scooner</xex>. Babson, in his \'bdHistory of Gloucester,\'b8
gives the following extract from a letter written in that place
Sept. 25, 1721, by Dr. Moses Prince, brother of the Rev. Thomas
Prince, the annalist of New England: \'bdThis gentleman (Captain
Robinson) was first contriver of <xex>schooners</xex>, and built
the first of that sort about eight years since.\'b8</note>
<hw>Schoon"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.]</ety> <def>A large
goblet or drinking glass, -- used for lager beer or ale.</def>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Schorl</hw> <pr>(sh\'93rl)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>sch\'94rl</ets>; cf. Sw. <ets>sk\'94rl</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Black tourmaline.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>shorl</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Schor*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Partaking of the nature and character of schorl; resembling
schorl.</def>
<hw>Schorl"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Schorlaceous.</def>
<hw>Schorl"y</hw>> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to, or containing, schorl; <as>as, <ex>schorly</ex>
granite</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Schot"tish</hw>, <hw>Schot"tische</hw> }</mhw>,
<pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>schottish</ets>,
<ets>schotisch</ets> from G. <ets>schottisch</ets> Scottish,
Scotch.]</ety> <def>A Scotch round dance in 2-4 time, similar to
the polka, only slower; also, the music for such a dance; -- not
to be confounded with the <xex>\'90cossaise</xex>.</def>
<hw>Schrei"bers*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named
after Carl von <ets>Schreibers</ets>, of Vienna.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in steel-gray flexible
folia. It contains iron, nickel, and phosphorus, and is found
only in meteoric iron.</def>
<hw>Schrode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scrod</er>.</def>
<hw>Schwan's" sheath`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called from
Theodor <ets>Schwann</ets>, a German anatomist of the 19th
century.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The neurilemma.</def>
<hw>Schwann's white" sub"stance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>.
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The substance of the medullary
sheath.</def>
<hw>Schwan"pan`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Chinese
abacus.</def>
<hw>\'d8Schweit"zer*k\'84"se</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[G. <ets>schweizerk\'84se</ets> Swiss cheese.]</ety>
<def>Gruy\'8are cheese.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Schwenk"feld`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Schwenk"feld`i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A member of a religious sect founded by Kaspar von
Schwenkfeld, a Silesian reformer who disagreed with Luther,
especially on the deification of the body of Christ.</def>
<hw>Sci*\'91"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sci\'91na</ets> a kind of fish (fr. Gr. <?/) +
<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to the <spn>Sci\'91nid\'91</spn>, a family of marine
fishes which includes the meagre, the squeteague, and the
kingfish.</def>
<hw>Sci"a*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sciagraphy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<def>An old term for a vertical section of a building; -- called
also <altname>sciagraphy</altname>. See <cref>Vertical
section</cref>, under <er>Section</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>A radiograph.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>skiagraph</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sci`a*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>sciagraphique</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to
sciagraphy.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sci`a*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sci*ag"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
fr. <?/ drawing in light and shade; <?/ a shadow + <?/ to
delineate: cf. F. <ets>sciagraphie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The art or science of projecting or delineating shadows as
they fall in nature.</def>
<au>Gwilt.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Siagraph</er>.</def>
<hw>Sci*am"a*chy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sciomachy</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sci`a*ther"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sci`a*ther"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a sundial; <?/ a shadow + <?/ to hunt, to
catch.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a sundial.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sci`a*ther"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>
<au>J. Gregory.</au>
<hw>Sci*at"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sciatique</ets>, LL. <ets>sciaticus</ets>, from L.
<ets>inschiadicus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Ischiadic</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the hip; in the
region of, or affecting, the hip; ischial; ischiatic; <as>as, the
<ex>sciatic</ex> nerve, <ex>sciatic</ex> pains</as>.</def>
<hw>Sci*at"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sciatique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Sciatica.</def>
<hw>Sci*at"i*ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, an
affection characterized by paroxysmal attacks of pain in the
buttock, back of the thing, or in the leg or foot, following the
course of the branches of the sciatic nerve. The name is also
popularly applied to various painful affections of the hip and
the parts adjoininhg. See <cref>Ischiadic passion</cref>, under
<er>Ischiadic</er>.</def>
<hw>Sci*at"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Sciatic.</def>
<hw>Sci*at"ic*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With, or by means of,
sciatica.</def>
<hw>Scib"bo*leth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Shibboleth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sci"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>scientia</ets>, fr. <ets>sciens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>,
p.pr. of <ets>scire</ets> to know. Cf. <er>Conscience</er>,
<er>Conscious</er>, <er>Nice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Knowledge; lnowledge of principles and causes; ascertained
truth of facts.</def>
<q>If we conceive God's or <qex>science</qex>, before the
creation, to be extended to all and every part of the world,
seeing everything as it is, . . . his <qex>science</qex> or sight
from all eternity lays no necessity on anything to come to
pass.</q>
<qau>Hammond.</qau>
<q>Shakespeare's deep and accurate <qex>science</qex> in mental
philosophy.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Accumulated and established knowledge, which has
been systematized and formulated with reference to the discovery
of general truths or the operation of general laws; knowledge
classified and made available in work, life, or the search for
truth; comprehensive, profound, or philosophical knowledge.</def>
<q>All this new <qex>science</qex> that men lere [teach].</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q><qex>Science</qex> is . . . a complement of cognitions,
having, in point of form, the character of logical perfection,
and in point of matter, the character of real truth.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Especially, such knowledge when it relates to
the physical world and its phenomena, the nature, constitution,
and forces of matter, the qualities and function of living
tissues, etc.; -- called also <altname>natural science</altname>,
and <altname>physical science</altname>.</def>
<q>Voltaire hardly left a single corner of the field entirely
unexplored in <qex>science</qex>, poetry, history,
philosophy.</q>
<qau>J. Morley.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any branch or departament of systematized
knowledge considered as a distinct field of investigation or
object of study; <as>as, the <ex>science</ex> of astronomy, of
chemistry, or of mind</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ The ancients reckoned seven sciences, namely,
grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry, and
astronomy; -- the first three being included in the
<xex>Trivium</xex>, the remaining four in the
<xex>Quadrivium</xex>.</note>
<q>Good sense, which only is the gift of Heaven,
And though no <qex>science</qex>, fairly worth the seven.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Art, skill, or expertness, regarded as the
result of knowledge of laws and principles.</def>
<q>His <qex>science</qex>, coolness, and great strength.</q>
<qau>G. A. Lawrence.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Science</xex> is <xex>applied</xex> or
<xex>pure</xex>. <xex>Applied science</xex> is a knowledge of
facts, events, or phenomena, as explained, accounted for, or
produced, by means of powers, causes, or laws. <xex>Pure
science</xex> is the knowledge of these powers, causes, or laws,
considered <xex>apart</xex>, or as pure from all applications.
Both these terms have a similar and special signification when
applied to the science of quantity; as, the <xex>applied</xex>
and <xex>pure mathematics</xex>. <xex>Exact science</xex> is
knowledge so systematized that prediction and verification, by
measurement, experiment, observation, etc., are possible. The
mathematical and physical sciences are called <xex>the exact
sciences</xex>.</note>
<cs><mcol><col>Comparative sciences</col>, <col>Inductive
sciences</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Comparative</er>, and
<er>Inductive</er>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Literature; art; knowledge.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Science</er>, <er>Literature</er>, <er>Art</er>.
<xex>Science</xex> is literally <xex>knowledge</xex>, but more
usually denotes a systematic and orderly arrangement of
knowledge. In a more distinctive sense, <xex>science</xex>
embraces those branches of knowledge of which the subject-matter
is either ultimate principles, or facts as explained by
principles or laws thus arranged in natural order. The term
<xex>literature</xex> sometimes denotes all compositions not
embraced under <xex>science</xex>, but usually confined to the
<xex>belles-lettres</xex>. [See <er>Literature</er>.]
<xex>Art</xex> is that which depends on practice and skill in
performance. \'bdIn <xex>science</xex>, <xex>scimus ut
sciamus</xex>; in art, <xex>scimus ut producamus</xex>. And,
therefore, <xex>science</xex> and <xex>art</xex> may be said to
be investigations of truth; but one, <xex>science</xex>, inquires
for the sake of knowledge; the other, <xex>art</xex>, for the
sake of production; and hence <xex>science</xex> is more
concerned with the higher truths, <xex>art</xex> with the lower;
and <xex>science</xex> never is engaged, as <xex>art</xex> is, in
productive application. And the most perfect state of
<xex>science</xex>, therefore, will be the most high and accurate
inquiry; the perfection of <xex>art</xex> will be the most apt
and efficient system of rules; art always throwing itself into
the form of rules.\'b8</usage>
<au>Karslake.</au>
<hw>Sci"ence</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to become
versed in science; to make skilled; to instruct.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Francis.</au>
<hw>Sci"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sciens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Knowing;
skillful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cockeram.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sci*en"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Knowingly; willfully.</def>
<au>Bouvier.</au>
<hw>Sci*en"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>scientialis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>scientic</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Pertaining to, or producing, science.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sci`en*tif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>scientifique</ets>; L. <ets>scientia</ets> science +
<ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or
pertaining to science; used in science; <as>as,
<ex>scientific</ex> principles; <ex>scientific</ex> apparatus;
<ex>scientific</ex> observations</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Agreeing with, or depending on, the rules or
principles of science; <as>as, a <ex>scientific</ex>
classification; a <ex>scientific</ex> arrangement of
fossils</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having a knowledge of science, or of a science;
evincing science or systematic knowledge; <as>as, a
<ex>scientific</ex> chemist; a <ex>scientific</ex> reasoner; a
<ex>scientific</ex> argument</as>.</def>
<q>Bossuet is as <qex>scientific</qex> in the structure of his
sentences.</q>
<qau>Lander.</qau>
<cs><col>Scientific method</col>, <cd>the method employed in
exact science and consisting of: (<it>a<it>) Careful and abundant
observation and experiment. (<it>b<it>) generalization of the
results into formulated \'bdLaws\'b8 and statements.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sci`en*tif"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Scientific.</def>
<au>Locke.</au>
<hw>Sci`en*tif"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
scientific manner; according to the rules or principles of
science.</def>
<q>It is easier to believe than to be <qex>scientifically</qex>
instructed.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<hw>Sci"en*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One learned
in science; a scientific investigator; one devoted to scientific
study; a savant.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>
<note><hand/ Twenty years ago I ventured to propose one [a name
for the class of men who give their lives to scientific study]
which has been slowly finding its way to general adoption; and
the word <xex>scientist</xex>, though scarcely euphonious, has
gradually assumed its place in our vocabulary.</note>
<au>B. A. Gould (Address, 1869).</au>
<-- MW10 gives 1834 as first ref. date. -->
<hw>Scil"i*cet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
<ets>scire licet</ets> you may know.]</ety> <def>To wit; namely;
videlicet; -- often abbreviated to <abbr>sc.</abbr>, or
<abbr>ss.</abbr></def>
<hw>Scil"la*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside extracted from squill
(<spn>Scilla</spn>) as a light porous substance.</def>
<hw>Scil"li*tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>scilistine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter
principle extracted from the bulbs of the squill
(<spn>Scilla</spn>), and probably consisting of a complex mixture
of several substances.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scim"i*ter</hw> , <hw>Scim"i*tar</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>cimeterre</ets>, cf.
It. <ets>scimitarra</ets>, Sp. <ets>cimitarra</ets>; fr. Biscayan
<ets>cimetarry</ets> with a sharp edge; or corrupted from Per.
<ets>shimsh\'c6r</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A saber with a
much curved blade having the edge on the convex side, -- in use
among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs and persians.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>cimeter</asp>, and
<asp>scymetar</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A long-handled billhook. See
<er>Billhook</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Scimiter pods</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the immense
curved woody pods of a leguminous woody climbing plant
(<spn>Entada scandens</spn>) growing in tropical India and
America. They contain hard round flattish seeds two inches in
diameter, which are made into boxes.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scin"coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scincus</ets> a kind of lizard (fr. Gr. <?/) +
<ets>-oid</ets>. Cf. <er>Skink</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to the family <spn>Scincid\'91</spn>, or
skinks.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
scincoidian.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Scin*coi"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of lizards
including the skinks. See <er>Skink</er>.</def>
<hw>Scin*coid"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of lizards
of the family <spn>Scincid\'91</spn> or tribe Scincoidea. The
tongue is not extensile. The body and tail are covered with
overlapping scales, and the toes are margined. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Skink</er>.</def>
<hw>Scin"iph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scinifes</ets>, <ets>cinifes</ets>, or <ets>ciniphes</ets>,
pl., Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Some kind of stinging or biting insect,
as a flea, a gnat, a sandly, or the like.</def>
<au>Ex. viii. 17 (Douay version)</au>.
<hw>Scink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A skink.</def>
<hw>Scink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A slunk
calf.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Scin*til"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A spark; the least particle; an iota; a
tittle.</def>
<au>R. North.</au>
<hw>Scin"til*lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scintillans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>scintillare</ets> to
sparkle. See <er>Scintillate</er>.]</ety> <def>Emitting sparks,
or fine igneous particles; sparkling.</def>
<au>M. Green.</au>
<hw>Scin"til*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scintillated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scintillating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>scintillare</ets>, <ets>scintillatum</ets>, from
<ets>scintilla</ets> a spark. Cf. <er>Stencil</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit sparks, or fine igneous particles.</def>
<q>As the electrical globe only <qex>scintillates</qex> when
rubbed against its cushion.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sparkle, as the fixed stars.</def>
<hw>Scin`til*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scintillatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>scintillation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of scintillating.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spark of flash emitted in scintillating.</def>
<q>These <qex>scintillations</qex> are . . . the inflammable
effluences discharged from the bodies collided.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<hw>Scin"til*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Scintillant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Scin"til*lous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scintillant
manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sci*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sciagraphy</er>.</def>
<hw>Sci"o*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sciolist</er>.]</ety> <def>The knowledge of a sciolist;
superficial knowledge.</def>
<hw>Sci"o*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sciolus</ets>. See <er>Sciolous</er>.]</ety> <def>One who
knows many things superficially; a pretender to science; a
smatterer.</def>
<q>These passages in that book were enough to humble the
presumption of our modern <qex>sciolists</qex>, if their pride
were not as great as their ignorance.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<q>A master were lauded and <qex>scolists</qex> shent.</q>
<qau>R. Browning.</qau>
<hw>Sci`o*lis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to sciolism, or a sciolist; partaking of sciolism;
resembling a sciolist.</def>
<hw>Sci"o*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scilus</ets>, dim. of <ets>scius</ets> knowing, fr.
<ets>scire</ets> to know. See <er>Science</er>.]</ety>
<def>Knowing superficially or imperfectly.</def>
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Sci*om"a*chy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
<?/; <?/ a shadow + <?/ battle: cf. F. <ets>sciomachie</ets>,
<ets>sciamachie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fighting with a shadow; a
mock contest; an imaginary or futile combat.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>scimachy</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Cowley.</au>
<hw>Sci"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a
shadow + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sciomance</ets>,
<ets>scaimancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of
shadows.</def>
<hw>Sci"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>cion</ets>, F. <ets>scion</ets>, probably fron
<ets>scier</ets> to saw, fr. L. <ets>secare</ets> to cut. Cf.
<er>Section</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A shoot or sprout of a plant; a sucker.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of a slender branch or twig cut for
grafting.</def> <mark>[Formerly written also cion, and
cyon.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a descendant; an heir; <as>as, a
<ex>scion</ex> of a royal stock</as>.</def>
<hw>Sci*op"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
shadow + <?/ belonging to sight: cf. F. <ets>scioptique</ets>.
See <er>Optic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to an optical arrangement for forming images in a
darkened room, usually called <xex>scioptic ball</xex>.</def>
<cs><col>Scioptic ball</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the lens of a
camera obscura mounted in a wooden ball which fits a socket in a
window shutter so as to be readily turned, like the eye, to
different parts of the landscape.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sci*op"ti*con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See
<er>Scioptic</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of magic lantorn.</def>
<hw>Sci*op"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or
process of exhibiting luminous images, especially those of
external objects, in a darkened room, by arrangements of lenses
or mirrors.</def>
<hw>Sci*op"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Scioptic.</def>
<hw>Sci"ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining
to the island <xex>Scio</xex> (Chio or Chios).</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of
Scio.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>Chiot</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sci`o*ther"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>sciothericon</ets> <?/ sundial. See
<er>Sciatheric</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a
sundial.</def>
<cs><col>Sciotheric telescope</col> <fld>(Dialing)</fld>, <cd>an
instrument consisting of a horizontal dial, with a telescope
attached to it, used for determining the time, whether of day or
night.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sci"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Knowing; having knowledge.</def>
\'bdBrutes may be and are <xex>scious</xex>.\'b8
<au>Coleridge.</au>
<-- p. 1288 -->
<hw>\'d8Sci`re fa"ci*as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L., do you cause
to know.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A judicial writ, founded
upon some record, and requiring the party proceeded against to
show cause why the party bringing it should not have advantage of
such record, or (as in the case of <xex>scire facias</xex> to
repeal letters patent) why the record should not be annulled or
vacated.</def>
<au>Wharton. Bouvier.</au>
<hw>Scir"rhoid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Scirhus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Resembling scirrhus.</def>
<au>Dungliston.</au>
<hw>Scir*rhos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid induration, as of a gland; stste
of being scirrhous.</def>
<hw>Scir"rhous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>scirrhosus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Proceeding
from scirrhus; of the nature of scirrhus; indurated; knotty;
<as>as, <ex>scirrhous</ex> affections; <ex>scirrhous</ex>
disease</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>skirrhous</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Scir"rhus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>Scirrhi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Scirrhuses</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>scirros</ets>, Gr.
<?/, <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, hard.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An indurated organ or part; especially, an
indurated gland.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
cancerous tumor which is hard, translucent, of a gray or bluish
color, and emits a creaking sound when incised</def>.
<altsp>[Sometimes incorrectly written <asp>schirrus</asp>;
written also <asp>skirrhus</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Scis`ci*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sciscitatio</ets>, fr. <ets>sciscere</ets> to seek to know,
v. incho. from <ets>scire</ets> to know.]</ety> <def>The act of
inquiring; inquiry; demand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Scise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scindere</ets>, <ets>scissum</ets>, to cut, split.]</ety>
<def>To cut; to penetrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The wicked steel <qex>scised</qex> deep in his right side.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<hw>Scis"sel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scissile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The clippings of
metals made in various mechanical operations.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The slips or plates of metal out of which
circular balnks have been cut for the purpose of coinage.</def>
<hw>Scis"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scindere</ets>, <ets>scissum</ets>, to <?/lit.]</ety>
<def>Capable of being cut or divided by a sharp instrument.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>con.</au>
<hw>Scis"sil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scissel</er>.</def>
<hw>Scis"sile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scissilis</ets>, fr. <ets>scindere</ets>,
<ets>scissum</ets>, to cut, to split: cf. F. <ets>scissile</ets>.
See <er>Schism</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being cut smoothly;
scissible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Scis"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scissio</ets>, fr. <ets>scindere</ets>,
<ets>scis<?/um</ets>, to cut, to split: cf. F.
<ets>scission</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of dividing with an
instrument having a sharp edge.</def>
<au>Wiseman.</au>
<hw>Scis`si*par"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>scindere</ets> to split) +
<ets>parere</ets> to bring forth: cf.F.
<ets>scissiparit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>
<def>Reproduction by fission.</def>
<hw>Scis"sor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut with
scissors or shears; to prepare with the aid of scissors.</def>
<au>Massinger.</au>
<hw>Scis"sors</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sisoures</ets>, OF. <ets>cisoires</ets> (cf. F.
<ets>ciseaux</ets>), probably fr. LL. <ets>cisorium</ets> a
cutting instrument, fr. L. <ets>caedere</ets> to cut. Cf.
<er>Chisel</er>, <er>Concise</er>. The modern spelling is due to
a mistaken derivation from L. <ets>scissor</ets> one who cleaves
or divides, fr. <ets>scindere</ets>, <ets>scissum</ets>, to cut,
spilt.]</ety> <def>A cutting instrument resembling shears, but
smaller, consisting of two cutting blades with handles, movable
on a pin in the center, by which they are held together. Often
called a <altname>pair of scissors</altname>.</def>
<altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>cisors</asp>,
<asp>cizars</asp>, and <asp>scissars</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Scissors grinder</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
European goatsucker.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Scis"sors*bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Skimmer</er>.</def>
<hw>Scis"sors*tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tyrant flycatcher <fld>(Milvulus
forficatus)</fld> of the Southern United States and Mexico, which
has a deeply forked tail. It is light gray above, white beneath,
salmon on the flanks, and fiery red at the base of the crown
feathers.</def>
<hw>Scis"sors-tailed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the outer feathers much the
longest, the others decreasing regularly to the median
ones.</def>
<hw>Scis"sure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scissura</ets>, from <ets>scindere</ets>,
<ets>scissum</ets>, to cut, spilt.]</ety> <def>A longitudinal
opening in a body, made by cutting; a cleft; a fissure.</def>
<au>Hammond.</au>
<hw>Scit`a*min"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[NL. <ets>sciamineosus</ets>, fr. <ets>Scitamineze</ets>,
fr. L. <ets>scitamentum</ets> a delicacy, dainty.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of
plants (<spn>Scitamime\'91</spn>), mostly tropical herbs,
including the ginger, Indian shot, banana, and the plants
producing turmeric and arrowroot.</def>
<hw>Sci"u*rine</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sciurien</ets>. See <er>Sciurus</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Squirrel
family.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A rodent of the
Squirrel family.</def></def2>
<hw>Sci"u*roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sciurus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling the tail of a squirrel; --
generally said of branches which are close and dense, or of
spikes of grass like barley.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sci`u*ro*mor"pha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>sciurus</ets> squirrel + Gr. <?/
from.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of rodents
containing the squirrels and allied animals, such as the gophers,
woodchucks, beavers, and others.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sci*u"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
squirrel, Gr. <?/. See <er>Squirrel</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of reodents comprising the
common squirrels.</def>
<hw>Sclaun"dre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Slander.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sclav</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sclave</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Slav</er>.</def>
<hw>Sclav"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Slavic</er>.</def>
<hw>Sclav"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Slavism</er>.</def>
<hw>Scla*vo"nian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>Same
as <er>Slavonian</er>.</def>
<hw>Scla*von"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Slavonic</er>.</def>
<hw>Sclen"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Slender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Scler"a*go`gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;
<?/ hard + <?/ a leading or training.]</ety> <def>Severe
discipline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hacket.</au>
<hw>\'d8Scle*re"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/ hard.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Induration of the
cellular tissue.</def>
<cs><col>Sclerema of adults</col>. <cd>See
<er>Scleroderma</er>.</cd> -- <col>\'d8Sclerema neonatorum</col>
<pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[NL., of the newborn]</ety>, <cd>an affection
characterized by a peculiar hardening and rigidity of the
cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues in the newly born. It is
usually fatal. Called also <altname>skinbound
disease</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scle*ren"chy*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
from Gr. <?/ hard + <ets>-enchyma</ets> as in
<ets>parenchyma</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Vegetable tissue composed of short cells with thickened or
hardened walls, as in nutshells and the gritty parts of a pear.
See <er>Sclerotic</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ By recent german writers and their English
translation, this term is used for <xex>liber cells</xex>.</note>
<au>Goodale.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hard calcareous
deposit in the tissues of Anthozoa, constituing the stony
corals.</def>
<hw>Scler`en*chym"a*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of,
sclerenchyma.</def>
<hw>Scle*ren"chyme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sclerenchyma.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scle*ri"a*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A morbid
induration of the edge of the eyelid.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Induration of any part, including scleroderma.</def>
<hw>Scle"rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hard chitinous or calcareous process
or corpuscle, especially a spicule of the Alcyonaria.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scle*ri"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Sclerottis</er>.</def>
<hw>Scler"o*base</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Gr. <?/ hard + <?/ base.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The calcareous or hornlike coral forming the central stem or
axis of most compound alcyonarians; -- called also <altname>foot
secretion</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Gorgoniacea</er>, and <er>C\'d2nenchyma</er>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Scler`o*ba"sic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Scler"o*derm</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Gr. <?/ hard + <?/ skin: cf. F.
<ets>scl\'82roderme</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of plectognath fishes
(<spn>Sclerodermi</spn>) having the skin covered with hard
scales, or plates, as the cowfish and the trunkfish.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the Sclerodermata</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>Hardened, or bony, integument of various animals.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scler`o*der"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of adults,
characterized by a diffuse rigidity and hardness of the
skin.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scler`o*der"ma*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The stony corals; the
Madreporaria.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scler`o*der"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Scler`o*der"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the integument, or
skin, hard, or covered with hard plates.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Of or pertaining to the Sclerodermata.</def>
<hw>Scler`o*der"mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hard integument of
Crustacea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sclerenchyma.</def>
<hw>Scler"o*gen</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>sklhro`s</grk> hard + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The thickening matter of woody cells;
lignin.</def>
<hw>Scle*reg"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>sklhro`s</grk> hard + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Making or secreting a hard substance;
becoming hard.</def>
<hw>Scle"roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;
<grk>sklhro`s</grk> hard + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having a hard texture, as nutshells.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scle*ro"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <grk>sklhro`s</grk> hard + <ets>-oma</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Induration of the tissues. See
<er>Sclerma</er>, <er>Scleroderma</er>, and
<er>Sclerosis</er>.</def>
<hw>Scle*rom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>sklhro`s</grk> hard + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An
instrument for determining with accuracy the degree of hardness
of a mineral.</def>
<hw>Scle*rosed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected
with sclerosis.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scle*ro"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. (<?/<?/, fr. <grk>sklhro`s</grk> hard.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Induration; hardening; especially, that
form of induration produced in an organ by increase of its
interstitial connective tissue.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Hardening of the cell wall by
lignification.</def>
<cs><col>Cerebro-spinal sclerosis</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an
affection in which patches of hardening, produced by increase of
the neuroglia and atrophy of the true nerve tissue, are found
scattered throughout the brain and spinal cord. It is associated
with complete or partial paralysis, a peculiar jerking tremor of
the muscles, headache, and vertigo, and is usually fatal. Called
also <altname>multiple, disseminated, <or/ insular,
sclerosis</altname>.</cd></cs><-- now only multiple sclerosis, MS
-->
<hw>Scle`re*skel"e*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ hard + E. <ets>skeleton</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>That part of the skeleton which is developed in tendons,
ligaments, and aponeuroses.</def>
<hw>Sce*ro"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Sclerotic.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<def>The optic capsule; the sclerotic coat of the
eye.</def></def2>
<au>Owen.</au>
<hw>Scle*rot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
hard: cf. F. <ets>scl\'82rotique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Hard; firm; indurated; -- applied especially in anatomy to
the firm outer coat of the eyeball, which is often cartilaginous
and sometimes bony.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
sclerotic coat of the eye; sclerotical.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>(Med.) Affected with sclerosis; sclerosed.</def>
<cs><col>Sclerotic parenchyma</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>sclerenchyma. By some writers a distinction is made,
<xex>sclerotic parenchyma<xex> being applied to tissue composed
of cells with the walls hardened but not thickened, and
<xex>sclerenchyma<xex> to tissue composed of cells with the walls
both hardened and thickened.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scle*rot"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>scl\'82rotique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The
sclerotic coat of the eye. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Eye</er>
<sd>(d)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Scle*rot"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from ergot
or the sclerotium of a fungus growing on rye.</def>
<hw>Scle*rot"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Sclerotic.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scler`o*ti"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Sclerotic</er>, and <er>-rris</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the sclerotic coat.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scle*ro"ti*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sclerotia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/
hard.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A hardened body
formed by certain fungi, as by the <spn>Claviceps purpurea</spn>,
which produced ergot.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The nature or resting
stage of a plasmodium.</def>
<hw>Scler"o*tome</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Gr. <?/ hard + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>One of the bony, cartilaginous, or membranous partitoins
which separate the myotomes.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Scler`o*tom"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Scle"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Hard; indurated;
sclerotic.</def>
<hw>Scoat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To prop; to
scotch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scob"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
chaffinch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scob"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scobs</ets>, or <ets>scobis</ets>, sawdust, scrapings +
<ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>scobiforme</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Having the form of, or resembling, sawdust or
raspings.</def>
<hw>Scobs</hw>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scobs</ets>, or <ets>scobis</ets>, fr. <ets>scabere</ets> to
scrape.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Raspings of ivory, hartshorn,
metals, or other hard substance.</def>
<au>Chambers.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The dross of metals.</def>
<hw>Scoff</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scof</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>schof</ets>, OHG.
<ets>scoph</ets>, Icel. <ets>skaup</ets>, and perh. to E.
<ets>shove</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Derision; ridicule;
mockery; derisive or mocking expression of scorn, contempt, or
reproach.</def>
<q>With <qex>scoffs</qex>, and scorns, and contumelious
taunts.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An object of scorn, mockery, or derision.</def>
<q>The <qex>scoff</qex> of withered age and beardless youth.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<hw>Scoff</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scoffed</er> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scoffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Dan.
<ets>skuffe</ets> to deceive, delude, Icel. <ets>skopa</ets> to
scoff, OD. <ets>schoppen</ets>. See <er>Scoff</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To show insolent ridicule or mockery;
to manifest contempt by derisive acts or language; -- often with
<xex>at</xex>.</def>
<q>Thuth from his lips prevailed with double sway,
And fools who came to <qex>scoff</qex>, remained to pray.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To sneer; mock; gibe; jeer. See
<er>Sneer</er>.</syn>
<hw>Scoff</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To treat or address with
derision; to assail scornfully; to mock at.</def>
<q>To <qex>scoff</qex> religion is ridiculously proud and
immodest.</q>
<qau>Glanwill.</qau>
<hw>Scoff"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
scoffs.</def>
<au>2 Pet. iii. 3.</au>
<hw>Scoff"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
scoffing; scoffing conduct; mockery.</def>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Scoff"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scoffing
manner.</def>
<au>Broome.</au>
<hw>Scoke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Poke (<spn>Phytolacca decandra</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sco*lay"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scoley</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scolded</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Scolding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to D.
<ets>schelden</ets>, G. <ets>schelten</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sceltan</ets>, Dan. <ets>skielde</ets>.]</ety> <def>To find
fault or rail with rude clamor; to brawl; to utter harsh, rude,
boisterous rebuke; to chide sharply or coarsely; -- often with
<xex>at</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>scold</ex> at a servant</as>.</def>
<q>Pardon me, lords, 't is the first time ever
I was forced to <qex>scold</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Scold</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To chide with rudeness and
clamor; to rate; also, to rebuke or reprove with severity.</def>
<hw>Scold</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who scolds, or
makes a practice of scolding; esp., a rude, clamorous woman; a
shrew.</def>
<q>She is an irksome, brawling <qex>scold</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A scolding; a brawl.</def>
<hw>Scold"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who scolds.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The oyster
catcher; -- so called from its shrill cries.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The old squaw.</def> <mark>[Local U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scold"ing</hw>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from <er>Scold</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Scolding bridle</col>, <cd>an iron frame. See
<er>Brank</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scold"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scolding
manner.</def>
<hw>Scole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>School.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sco*le"ci*da</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Scolex</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Helminthes</er>.</def>
<hw>Scol"e*cite</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Gr. <?/. <?/, a worm, earthworm.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>A zeolitic mineral occuring in delicate radiating groups of
white crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia and lime.
Called also <altname>lime mesotype</altname>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sco*le`co*mor"pha</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Solex</er>, <er>-morphous</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Scolecida</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sco"lex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scoleces</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/
worm, grub.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
embryo produced directly from the egg in a metagenetic series,
especially the larva of a tapeworm or other parasitic worm. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Echinococcus</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>One of the Scolecida.</def>
<hw>Sco*ley"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>escoler</ets> to teach. See <er>School</er>.]</ety> <def>To
go to school; to study.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sco`li*o"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/ crooked.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A lateral
curvature of the spine.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scol"i*thus</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a worm + <?/ a stone.]</ety>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A tubular structure found in Potsdam
sandstone, and believed to be the fossil burrow of a marine
worm.</def>
<hw>Scol"lop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scallop</er>.</def>
<hw>Scol`o*pa"cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scolopax</ets> a snipe, Gr. <?/.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
<spn>Scolopacid\'91</spn>, or Snipe family.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scol`o*pen"dra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
a kind of multiped, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of venomous myriapods
including the centipeds. See <er>Centiped</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sea fish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Scol`o*pen"drine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the
Scolopendra.</def>
<hw>Scol"y*tid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to
cut short.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of small bark-boring beetles of the genus
<spn>Scolytus</spn> and allied genera. Also used
adjectively.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scom"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
mackerel, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of
acanthopterygious fishes which includes the common
mackerel.</def>
<hw>Scom"ber*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>scomn\'82ro\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Scombroid</er>.</def>
<-- p. 1289 -->
<hw>\'d8Scom`bri*for"mes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of fishes
including the mackerels, tunnies, and allied fishes.</def>
<hw>Scom"broid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Scomber</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the Mackerel
family.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Any fish of the family
<spn>Scombrid\'91</spn>, of which the mackerel
(<spn>Scomber</spn>) is the type.</def></def2>
<hw>Scom"fish</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<def>To suffocate or stifle; to smother.</def> <mark>[Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scom"tit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos>
<def>Discomfit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scomm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scomma</ets> a taunt, jeer, scoff, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to mock,
scoff at.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bufoon.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flout; a jeer; a gibe; a taunt.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fortherby.</au>
<hw>Sconce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>schans</ets>, OD. <ets>schantse</ets>, perhaps from OF.
<ets>esconse</ets> a hiding place, akin to <ets>esconser</ets> to
hide, L. <ets>absconsus</ets>, <ets>p. p</ets>. of
<ets>abscondere</ets>. See <er>Abscond</er>, and cf.
<er>Ensconce</er>, <er>Sconce</er> a candlestick.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A fortification, or work for defense; a
fort.</def>
<q>No <qex>sconce</qex> or fortress of his raising was ever known
either to have been forced, or yielded up, or quitted.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hut for protection and shelter; a stall.</def>
<q>One that . . . must raise a <qex>sconce</qex> by the highway
and sell switches.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A piece of armor for the head; headpiece;
helmet.</def>
<q>I must get a <qex>sconce</qex> for my head.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: The head; the skull; also, brains; sense;
discretion.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>To knock him about the <qex>sconce</qex> with a dirty
shovel.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A poll tax; a mulct or fine.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <ety>[OF. <ets>esconse</ets> a dark lantern,
properly, a hiding place. See Etymol. above.]</ety> <def>A
protection for a light; a lantern or cased support for a candle;
hence, a fixed hanging or projecting candlestick.</def>
<q>Tapers put into lanterns or <qex>sconces</qex> of
several-colored, oiled paper, that the wind might not annoy
them.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<q>Golden <qex>sconces</qex> hang not on the walls.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Hence, the circular tube, with a brim, in a
candlestick, into which the candle is inserted.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A squinch.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>A fragment of a floe of ice.</def>
<au>Kane.</au>
<sn>10.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps a different word.]</ety> <def>A fixed
seat or shelf.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sconce</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sconced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sconcing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shut
up in a sconce; to imprison; to insconce.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Immure him, <qex>sconce</qex> him, barricade him in 't.</q>
<qau>Marston.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mulct; to fine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Scon"choon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A squinch.</def>
<hw>Scone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cake, thinner
than a bannock, made of wheat or barley or oat meal.</def>
<altsp>[Written variously, <asp>scon</asp>, <asp>skone</asp>,
<asp>skon</asp>, etc.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Burns.</au>
<hw>Scoop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scope</ets>, of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. <ets>skopa</ets>,
akin to D. <ets>schop</ets> a shovel, G. <ets>sch\'81ppe</ets>,
and also to E. <ets>shove</ets>. See <er>Shovel</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A large ladle; a vessel with a long handle, used
for dipping liquids; a utensil for bailing boats.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A deep shovel, or any similar implement for
digging out and dipping or shoveling up anything; <as>as, a flour
<ex>scoop</ex>; the <ex>scoop</ex> of a dredging
machine</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A spoon-shaped instrument,
used in extracting certain substances or foreign bodies.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A place hollowed out; a basinlike cavity; a
hollow.</def>
<q>Some had lain in the <qex>scoop</qex> of the rock.</q>
<qau>J. R. Drake.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A sweep; a stroke; a swoop.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The act of scooping, or taking with a scoop or
ladle; a motion with a scoop, as in dipping or shoveling.</def>
<cs><col>Scoop net</col>, <cd>a kind of hand net, used in
fishing; also, a net for sweeping the bottom of a river.</cd> --
<col>Scoop wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel for raising water, having
scoops or buckets attached to its circumference; a
tympanum.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scoop</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scooped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scooping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scopen</ets>. See <er>Scoop</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To take out or up with, a scoop; to lade
out.</def>
<q>He <qex>scooped</qex> the water from the crystal flood.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To empty by lading; <as>as, to <ex>scoop</ex> a
well dry</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make hollow, as a scoop or dish; to excavate;
to dig out; to form by digging or excavation.</def>
<q>Those carbuncles the Indians will <qex>scoop</qex>, so as to
hold above a pint.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<hw>Scoop"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which scoops.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The avocet; -- so called
because it scoops up the mud to obtain food.</def>
<hw>Scoot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To walk fast;
to go quickly; to run hastily away.</def> <mark>[Colloq. &
Humorous, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sco"pa*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow gelatinous or crystalline
substance found in broom (<spn>Cytisus scoparius</spn>)
accompanying sparte\'8bne.</def>
<hw>Sco"pate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scopae</ets>, <ets>scopa</ets>, a broom.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the surface closely covered
with hairs, like a brush.</def>
<hw>-scope</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>skopo`s</grk> a
watcher, spy. See <er>Scope</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form
usually signifying <xex>an instrument for viewing</xex> (with the
eye) or <xex>observing</xex> (in any way); <as>as in
micro<ex>scope</ex>, tele<ex>scope</ex>, alto<ex>scope</ex>,
anemo<ex>scope</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>scopo</ets>, L. <ets>scopos</ets> a mark, aim, Gr.
<grk>skopo`s</grk>, a watcher, mark, aim; akin to <?/, <?/ to
view, and perch. to E. <ets>spy</ets>. Cf. <er>Skeptic</er>,
<er>Bishop</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That at which one aims;
the thing or end to which the mind directs its view; that which
is purposed to be reached or accomplished; hence, ultimate
design, aim, or purpose; intention; drift; object.</def>
\'bdShooting wide, do miss the marked <xex>scope</xex>.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>Your <qex>scope</qex> is as mine own,
So to enforce or quality the laws
As to your soul seems good.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The <qex>scope</qex> of all their pleading against man's
authority, is to overthrow such laws and constitutions in the
church.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Room or opportunity for free outlook or aim;
space for action; amplitude of opportunity; free course or vent;
liberty; range of view; intent, or action.</def>
<q>Give him line and <qex>scope</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>In the fate and fortunes of the human race, <qex>scope</qex>
is given to the operation of laws which man must always fail to
discern the reasons of.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>
<q>Excuse me if I have given too much <qex>scope</qex> to the
reflections which have arisen in my mind.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<q>An intellectual cultivation of no moderate depth or
<qex>scope</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Extended area.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe
<xex>scopes</xex> of land granted to the first adventurers.\'b8
<au>Sir J. Davies.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Length; extent; sweep; <as>as, <ex>scope</ex> of
cable</as>.</def>
<-- Scope, <pos>v. t.</pos> To look at for the purpose of
evaluation; usu with out; as, to <ex>scope out</ex> the area as a
camping site. -->
<hw>Sco"pe*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Scopeloid.</def>
<hw>Sco"pe*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>Scopelus</ets>, typical genus (fr. Gr. <?/ a headland) +
<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or
pertaining to fishes of the genus <spn>Scopelus</spn>, or family
<spn>Scopelod\'91</spn>, which includes many small oceanic
fishes, most of which are phosphorescent.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any fish of the
family <spn>Scopelid\'91</spn>.</def></def2>
<hw>Sco*pif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scopae</ets>, <ets>scopa</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bearing a tuft of brushlike
hairs.</def>
<hw>Sco"pi*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scopae</ets>, <ets>scopa</ets>, a broom +
<ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a broom or
besom.</def> \'bdZeolite, stelliform or <xex>scopiform</xex>.\'b8
<au>Kirwan.</au>
<hw>Sco"pi*ped</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scopae</ets>, <ets>scopa</ets>, a broom + <ets>pes</ets>,
<ets>pedis</ets>, a foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same
as <er>Scopuliped</er>.</def>
<hw>Scop"pet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Scoop</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To lade or dip
out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Scops" owl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[NL. <ets>scops</ets>,
fr. Gr. <?/ the little horned owl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of small owls of the genus
<spn>Scops</spn> having ear tufts like those of the horned owls,
especially the European scops owl (<spn>Scops giu</spn>), and the
American screech owl. (<spn>S. Asio</spn>).</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scop"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Scop"tic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ to
mock, to scoff at.]</ety> <def>Jesting; jeering; scoffing.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>South.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Scop"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>
<hw>\'d8Scop"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Scopulas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Scopul\'91</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>scopulae</ets>, pl. a little
broom.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A peculiar
brushlike organ found on the foot of spiders and used in the
construction of the web.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A special tuft
of hairs on the leg of a bee.</def>
<hw>Scop"u*li*ped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scopulae</ets>, pl., a little broom (fr. <ets>scopae</ets> a
broom) + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of bee which has on the
hind legs a brush of hairs used for collecting pollen, as the
hive bees and bumblebees.</def>
<hw>Scop"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scopulosus</ets>, fr. <ets>scopulus</ets> a rock, Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <def>Full of rocks; rocky.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scor"bute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>scorbutus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>scorbut</ets>. See
<er>Scurvy</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Scurry.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Purchas.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scor*bu"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Scor*bu"tic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>scorbutique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to scurvy; of the nature of, or resembling, scurvy;
diseased with scurvy; <as>as, a <ex>scorbutic</ex> person;
<ex>scorbutic</ex> complaints or symptoms</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Scor*bu"tic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>\'d8Scor*bu"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
See <er>Scorbute</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Scurvy.</def>
<hw>Scorce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Barter.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Scorse</er>.</def>
<hw>Scorch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scorched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scorching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>scorchen</ets>,
probably akin to <ets>scorcnen</ets>; cf. Norw.
<ets>skrokken</ets> shrunk up, <ets>skrekka</ets>,
<ets>skr\'94kka</ets>, to shrink, to become wrinkled up, dial.
Sw. <ets>skr\'86kkla</ets> to wrinkle (see <er>Shrug</er>); but
perhaps influenced by OF. <ets>escorchier</ets> to strip the bark
from, to flay, to skin, F. <ets>\'82corcher</ets>, LL.
<ets>excorticare</ets>; L. <ets>ex</ets> from +
<ets>cortex</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, bark (cf. <er>Cork</er>);
because the skin falls off when scorched.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To burn superficially; to parch, or shrivel, the surface of,
by heat; to subject to so much heat as changes color and texture
without consuming; <as>as, to <ex>scorch</ex> linen</as>.</def>
<q>Summer drouth or singed air
never <qex>scorch</qex> thy tresses fair.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To affect painfully with heat, or as with heat;
to dry up with heat; to affect as by heat.</def>
<q>Lashed by mad rage, and <qex>scorched</qex> by brutal
fires.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To burn; to destroy by, or as by, fire.</def>
<q>Power was given unto him to <qex>scorch</qex> men with
fire.</q>
<qau>Rev. xvi. 8.</qau>
<q>The fire that <qex>scorches</qex> me to death.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Scorch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be burnt on
the surface; to be parched; to be dried up.</def>
<q>Scatter a little mungy straw or fern amongst your seedlings,
to prevent the roots from <qex>scorching</qex>.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To burn or be burnt.</def>
<q>he laid his long forefinger on the scarlet letter, which
forthwith seemed to <qex>scoch</qex> into Hester's breast, as if
it had been red hot.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<hw>Scorch"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Burning; parching or
shriveling with heat.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Scorch"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Scorch"ing*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Score</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scor</ets> twenty, fr. <ets>sceran</ets>,
<ets>scieran</ets>, to shear, cut, divice; or rather the kindred
Icel. <ets>skor</ets> incision, twenty, akin to Dan.
<ets>skure</ets> a notch, Sw. <ets>sk\'86ra</ets>. See
<er>Shear</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A notch or incision;
especially, one that is made as a tally mark; hence, a mark, or
line, made for the purpose of account.</def>
<q>Whereas, before, our forefathers had no other books but the
<qex>score</qex> and the tally, thou hast caused printing to be
used.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An account or reckoning; account of dues; bill;
hence, indebtedness.</def>
<q>He parted well, and paid his <qex>score</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Account; reason; motive; sake; behalf.</def>
<q>But left the trade, as many more
Have lately done on the same <qex>score</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hudibras.</qau>
<q>You act your kindness in Cydria's <qex>score</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The number twenty, as being marked off by a
special score or tally; hence, in <pluf>pl.</pluf>, a large
number.</def>
<q>Amongst three or four <qex>score</qex> hogsheads.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>At length the queen took upon herself to grant patents of
monopoly by <qex>score</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A distance of twenty yards; -- a term used in
ancient archery and gunnery.</def>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A weight of twenty pounds.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>The number of points gained by the contestants,
or either of them, in any game, as in cards or cricket.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def> line drawn; a groove or furrow.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The original and entire
draught, or its transcript, of a composition, with the parts for
all the different instruments or voices written on staves one
above another, so that they can be read at a glance; -- so called
from the bar, which, in its early use, was drawn through all the
parts.</def>
<au>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</au>
<cs><col>In score</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>having all the
parts arranged and placed in juxtaposition.</cd> <au>Smart.</au>
-- <col>To quit scores</col>, <cd>to settle or balance accounts;
to render an equivalent; to make compensation.</cd>
<q>Does not the earth <qex>quit scores</qex> with all the
elements in the noble fruits that issue from it?</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
</cs>
<hw>Score</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Scoring</er>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To mark with lines, scratches, or notches; to
cut notches or furrows in; to notch; to scratch; to furrow;
<as>as, to <ex>score</ex> timber for hewing; to <ex>score</ex>
the back with a lash</as>.</def>
<q>Let us <qex>score</qex> their backs.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>A briar in that tangled wilderness
Had <qex>scored</qex> her white right hand.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, to mark with significant lines or
notches, for indicating or keeping account of something; <as>as,
to <ex>score</ex> a tally</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To mark or signify by lines or notches; to keep
record or account; to set down; to record; to charge.</def>
<q>Madam, I know when,
Instead of five, you <qex>scored</qex> me ten.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<q>Nor need I tallies thy dear love to <qex>score</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To engrave, as upon a shield.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To make a score of, as points, runs, etc., in a
game.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To write down in proper order
and arrangement; <as>as, to <ex>score</ex> an overture for an
orchestra</as>. See <er>Score</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 9.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To mark with parallel lines
or scratches; <as>as, the rocks of New England and the Western
States were <ex>scored</ex> in the drift epoch</as>.</def>
<hw>Scor"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, scores.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sco"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scorl\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/,
fr. <?/ dung, ordure.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The recrement of
metals in fusion, or the slag rejected after the eduction of
metallic ores; dross.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cellular slaggy lava; volcanic cinders.</def>
<hw>Sco"ri*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Scoriaceous.</def>
<au>E. A. Poe.</au>
<hw>Sco`ri*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>scoriac\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to scoria;
like scoria or the recrement of metals; partaking of the nature
of scoria.</def>
<hw>Sco"rie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The young of any gull.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>scaurie</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sco`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>scorification</ets>. See <er>Scorify</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act, process, or result of
scorifying, or reducing to a slag; hence, the separation from
earthy matter by means of a slag; <as>as, the
<ex>scorification</ex> of ores</as>.</def>
<hw>Sco"ri*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One who, or that which, scorifies;
specifically, a small flat bowl-shaped cup used in the first
heating in assaying, to remove the earth and gangue, and to
concentrate the gold and silver in a lead button.</def>
<hw>Sco"ri*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>In the form
of scoria.</def>
<hw>Sco"ri*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scorified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Scorifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Scoria</ets> +
<ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>scorifier</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To reduce to scoria or slag;
specifically, in assaying, to fuse so as to separate the gangue
and earthy material, with borax, lead, soda, etc., thus leaving
the gold and silver in a lead button; hence, to separate from, or
by means of, a slag.</def>
<hw>Sco"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Scoriaceous.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Scorn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scorn</ets>, <ets>scarn</ets>, <ets>scharn</ets>, OF.
<ets>escarn</ets>, <ets>escharn</ets>, <ets>eschar</ets>, of
German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>skern</ets> mockery,
<ets>skern<?/n</ets> to mock; but cf. also OF.
<ets>escorner</ets> to mock.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Extreme and
lofty contempt; haughty disregard; that disdain which aprings
from the opinion of the utter meanness and unworthiness of an
object.</def>
<q><qex>Scorn</qex> at first makes after love the more.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>And wandered backward as in <qex>scorn</qex>,
To wait an \'91on to be born.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act or expression of extreme contempt.</def>
<q>Every sullen frown and bitter <qex>scorn</qex>
But fanned the fuel that too fast did burn.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An object of extreme disdain, contempt, or
derision.</def>
<q>Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbors, a <qex>scorn</qex>
and a derision to them that are round about us.</q>
<qau>Ps. xliv. 13.</qau>
<cs><col>To think scorn</col>, <cd>to regard as worthy of scorn
or contempt; to disdain. \'bdHe <xex>thought scorn<xex> to lay
hands on Mordecai alone.\'b8</cd> <au>Esther iii. 6.</au> --
<col>To laugh to scorn</col>, <cd>to deride; to make a mock of;
to redicule as contemptible.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Contempt; disdain; derision; contumely; despite;
slight; dishonor; mockery.</syn>
<hw>Scorn</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scorned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<er>OE</er>.
<ets>scornen</ets>, <ets>scarnen</ets>, <ets>schornen</ets>, OF.
<ets>escarning</ets>, <ets>escharnir</ets>. See <er>Scorn</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hold in extreme
contempt; to reject as unworthy of regard; to despise; to
contemn; to disdain.</def>
<q>I <qex>scorn</qex> thy meat; 't would choke me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>This my long sufference, and my day of grace,
Those who neglect and <qex>scorn</qex> shall never taste.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>We <qex>scorn</qex> what is in itself contemptible or
disgraceful.</q>
<qau>C. J. Smith.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To treat with extreme contempt; to make the
object of insult; to mock; to scoff at; to deride.</def>
<q>His fellow, that lay by his bed's side,
Gan for to laugh, and <qex>scorned</qex> him full fast.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>To taunt and <qex>scorn</qex> you thus opprobriously.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To contemn; despise; disdain. See
<er>Contemn</er>.</syn>
<-- p. 1290 -->
<hw>Scorn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To scoff; to
act disdainfully.</def>
<q>He said mine eyes were black and my hair black,
And, now I remembered, <qex>scorned</qex> at me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Scorn"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
scorns; a despiser; a contemner; specifically, a scoffer at
religion.</def> \'bdGreat <xex>scorners</xex> of death.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>Superly he scorneth the <qex>scorners</qex>: but he giveth
grace unto the lowly.</q>
<qau>Prov. iii. 34.</qau>
<hw>Scorn"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Full of scorn or contempt; contemptuous; disdainful.</def>
<q><qex>Scornful</qex> of winter's frost and summer's sun.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<q>Dart not <qex>scornful</qex> glances from those eyes.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Treated with scorn; exciting scorn.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>scornful</qex> mark of every open eye.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Contemptuous; disdainful; contumelious; reproachful;
insolent.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Scorn"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Scorn"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Scorn"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Deserving
scorn; paltry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scor"o*dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>scorodit</ets>; -- so called in allusion to its smell under
the blowpipe, from Gr. <?/ garlic.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>A leek-green or brownish mineral occurring in orthorhombic
crystals. It is a hydrous arseniate of iron.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>skorodite</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Scor*p\'91"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>Scorpaena</ets>, a typical genus (see <er>Scorpene</er>) +
<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to the family <spn>Scorp\'91nid\'91</spn>, which
includes the scorpene, the rosefish, the California rockfishes,
and many other food fishes. <altsp>[Written also
<asp>scorp\'91nid</asp>.]</altsp> See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Rockfish</er>.</def>
<hw>Scor"pene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>scorp\'8ane</ets>, fr. L. <ets>scorpaena</ets> a kind of
fish, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine food
fish of the genus <spn>Scorp\'91na</spn>, as the European hogfish
(<spn>S. scrofa</spn>), and the California species (<spn>S.
guttata</spn>).</def>
<hw>Scor"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Scauper</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scor"pi*o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scorpiones</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A scorpion.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The eighth
sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about the twenty-third
day of October, marked thus [<scorpio/] in almanacs.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A constellation of the zodiac containing the
bright star Antares. It is drawn on the celestial globe in the
figure of a scorpion.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scor`pi*o"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Scorpiones</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scor"pi*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Scor`pi*oid"al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ a scorpion
+ <?/ form.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the inflorescence
curved or circinate at the end, like a scorpion's tail.</def>
<hw>Scor"pi*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>scorpio</ets>, <ets>scorpius</ets>, Gr. <?/, perhaps akin to
E. <ets>sharp</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of pulmonate arachnids of the
order scorpiones, having a suctorial mouth, large claw-bearing
palpi, and a caudal sting.</def>
<note><hand/ Scorpions have a flattened body, and a long, slender
post-abdomen formed of six movable segments, the last of which
terminates in a curved venomous sting. The venom causes great
pain, but is unattended either with redness or swelling, except
in the axillary or inguinal glands, when an extremity is
affected. It is seldom if ever destructive of life. Scorpions are
found widely dispersed in the warm climates of both the Old and
New Worlds.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pine or gray lizard
(<spn>Sceloporus undulatus</spn>).</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>the scorpene.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A painful scourge.</def>
<q>My father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise
you with <qex>scorpions</qex>.</q>
<qau>1 Kings xii. 11.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A sign and constellation.
See <er>Scorpio</er>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>An ancient military engine
for hurling stones and other missiles.</def>
<cs><col>Book scorpion</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Book</er>.</cd> -- <col>False scorpion</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>False</er>, and
<cref>Book scorpion</cref>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Scorpion
bug</col>, <or/ <col>Water scorpion</col></mcol>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Nepa</er>.</cd> --
<col>Scorpion fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a neuropterous
insect of the genus <spn>Panorpa</spn>. See
<er>Panorpid</er>.</cd> -- <col>Scorpion grass</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Myosotis</spn>.
<spn>M. palustris</spn> is the forget-me-not.</cd> --
<col>Sorpion senna</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow-flowered
leguminous shrub (<spn>Coronilla Emerus</spn>) having a slender
joined pod, like a scorpion's tail. The leaves are said to yield
a dye like indigo, and to be used sometimes to adulterate
senna.</cd> -- <col>Scorpion shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>any shell of the genus Pteroceras. See
<er>Pteroceras</er>.</cd> -- <col>Scorpion spiders</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of the Pedipalpi.</cd> --
<col>Scorpion's tail</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant of
the leguminous genus <spn>Scorpiurus</spn>, herbs with a
circinately coiled pod; -- also called
<altname>caterpillar</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Scorpion's
thorn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a thorny leguminous plant
(<spn>Genista Scorpius</spn>) of Southern Europe.</cd> --
<col>The Scorpion's Heart</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the
star Antares in the constellation Scorpio.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Scor`pi*o"nes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of
arachnids comprising the scorpions.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scor`pi*o*nid"e*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Scorpiones</er>.</def>
<hw>Scor"pi*on*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous plant (<spn>Ornithopus
scorpides</spn>) of Southern Europe, having curved pods.</def>
<hw>Scorse</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.
<ets>scorsa</ets> a course, and E. <ets>discourse</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Barter; exchange; trade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>And recompensed them with a better <qex>scorse</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Scorse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Written also
<ets>scourse</ets>, and <ets>scoss</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To barter or exchange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To chase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Scorse</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To deal for the purchase
of anything; to practice barter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Scor"ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scorator</ets> a fornicator, from <ets>scortari</ets> to
fornicate, <ets>scortum</ets> a prostitute.]</ety>
<def>Pertaining to lewdness or fornication; lewd.</def>
<hw>Scot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A name for a
horse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Scot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>Skoti</ets>, pl.,
AS. <ets>Scotta</ets>, pl. <ets>Skottas</ets>,
<ets>Sceottas</ets>.]</ety> <def>A native or inhabitant of
Scotland; a Scotsman, or Scotchman.</def>
<hw>Scot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>skot</ets>; or OF.
<ets>escot</ets>, F. <ets>\'82cot</ets>, LL. <ets>scottum</ets>,
<ets>scotum</ets>, from a kindred German word; akin to AS.
<ets>scot</ets>, and E. <ets>shot</ets>, <ets>shoot</ets>; cf.
AS. <ets>sce\'a2tan</ets> to shoot, to contribute. See
<er>Shoot</er>, and cf. <er>Shot</er>.]</ety> <def>A portion of
money assessed or paid; a tax or contribution; a mulct; a fine; a
shot.</def>
<cs><col>Scot and lot</col>, <cd>formerly, a parish assessment
laid on subjects according to their ability.</cd>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark> <au>Cowell.</au> <cd>Now, a phrase for
obligations of every kind regarded collectivelly.</cd>
<q>Experienced men of the world know very well that it is best to
pay <qex>scot and lot</qex> as they go along.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
</cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scot"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Scot"ale</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Scot</ets> +
<ets>ale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The keeping
of an alehouse by an officer of a forest, and drawing people to
spend their money for liquor, for fear of his displeasure.</def>
<hw>Scotch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scottish</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Scotland, its
language, or its inhabitants; Scottish.</def>
<cs><col>Scotch broom</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the
<xex>Cytisus scoparius<xex>. See <er>Broom</er>.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Scotch dipper</col>, <or/ <col>Scotch
duck</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the bufflehead; --
called also <altname>Scotch teal</altname>, and
<altname>Scotchman</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Scotch fiddle</col>,
<cd>the itch. <mark>[Low]</mark></cd> <au>Sir W. Scott.</au> --
<col>Scotch mist</col>, <cd>a coarse, dense mist, like fine
rain.</cd> -- <col>Scotch nightingale</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the sedge warbler.</cd> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Scotch pebble</col>. <cd>See under
<er>pebble</er>.</cd> -- <col>Scotch pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Riga fir</er>.</cd> -- <col>Scotch thistle</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of thistle (<spn>Onopordon
acanthium</spn>); -- so called from its being the national emblem
of the Scotch.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scotch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The dialect or
dialects of English spoken by the people of Scotland.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Collectively, the people of Scotland.</def>
<hw>Scotch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scotched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scotching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E.
<ets>scole</ets> a prop, and Walloon <ets>ascot</ets> a prop,
<ets>ascoter</ets> to prop, F. <ets>accoter</ets>, also Armor.
<ets>skoaz</ets> the shoulder, <ets>skoazia</ets> to shoulder up,
to prop, to support, W. <ets>ysgwydd</ets> a shoulder,
<ets>ysgwyddo</ets> to shoulder. Cf. <er>Scoat</er>.]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>scoatch</asp>,
<asp>scoat</asp>.]</altsp> <def>To shoulder up; to prop or block
with a wedge, chock, etc., as a wheel, to prevent its rolling or
slipping.</def>
<hw>Scotch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chock, wedge, prop, or
other support, to prevent slipping; <as>as, a <ex>scotch</ex> for
a wheel or a log on inclined ground</as>.</def>
<hw>Scotch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Probably the same word as
<ets>scutch</ets>; cf. Norw. <ets>skoka</ets>, <ets>skoko</ets>,
a swingle for flax; perhaps akin to E. <ets>shake</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To cut superficially; to wound; to score.</def>
<q>We have <qex>scotched</qex> the snake, not killed it.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>Scotched collops</col> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>, <cd>a dish
made of pieces of beef or veal cut thin, or minced, beaten flat,
and stewed with onion and other condiments; -- called also
<altname>Scotch collops</altname>.</cd> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>scotcht collops<asp>.]</altsp></cs>
<hw>Scotch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A slight cut or incision; a
score.</def>
<au>Walton.</au>
<hw>Scotch"-hop`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Hopscotch.</def>
<hw>Scotch"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>
<def>Dressing stone with a pick or pointed instrument.</def>
<hw>Scotch"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scotchmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
native or inhabitant of Scotland; a Scot; a Scotsman.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of wood or stiff hide
placed over shrouds and other rigging to prevent chafe by the
running gear.</def>
<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>
<hw>Sco"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E.
<ets>scote</ets> to plow up.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of several species of northern sea ducks of the
genus <spn>Oidemia</spn>.</def>
<note><hand/ The European scoters are <spn>Oidemia nigra</spn>,
called also <altname>black duck</altname>, <altname>black
diver</altname>, <altname>surf duck</altname>; and the velvet, or
double, scoter (<spn>O. fusca</spn>). The common American species
are the velvet, or white-winged, scoter (<spn>O. Deglandi</spn>),
called also <altname>velvet duck</altname>,
<altname>white-wing</altname>, <altname>bull coot</altname>,
<altname>white-winged coot</altname>; the black scoter (<spn>O.
Americana</spn>), called also <altname>black coot</altname>,
<altname>butterbill</altname>, <altname>coppernose</altname>; and
the surf scoter, or surf duck (<spn>O. perspicillata</spn>),
called also <altname>baldpate</altname>,
<altname>skunkhead</altname>, <altname>horsehead</altname>,
<altname>patchhead</altname>, <altname>pishaug</altname>, and
<xex>spectacled coot</xex>. These birds are collectively called
also <altname>coots</altname>. The females and young are called
<xex>gray coots</xex>, and <xex>brown coots</xex>.</note>
<hw>Scot"-free"</hw> <pr><mark>[?]</mark></pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Free from payment of scot; untaxed; hence, unhurt; clear;
safe.</def>
<q>Do as much for this purpose, and thou shalt pass
<qex>scot-free</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<q>Then young Hay escaped <qex>scot-free</qex> to Holland.</q>
<qau>A. Lang.</qau>
<hw>Scotch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To clothe or
cover up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sco"ti*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
Gr. <grk>skoti`a</grk> darkness, a sunken molding in the base of
a pillar, so called from the dark shadow it casts, from
<grk>sko`tos</grk> darkness.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A
concave molding used especially in classical architecture.</def>
<hw>Sco"ti*a</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>Scotland</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<q>O <qex>Scotia</qex>! my dear, my native soil!</q>
<qau>Burns.</qau>
<hw>Sco"tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.
Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of (Joannes) Duns <xex>Scotus</xex>,
the Franciscan scholastic (<it>d.</it> 1308), who maintained
certain doctrines in philosophy and theology, in opposition to
the <xex>Thomists</xex>, or followers of Thomas Aquinas, the
Dominican scholastic.</def>
<hw>Scot"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>sko`tos</grk> darkness + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An
instrument for writing in the dark, or without seeing.</def>
<au>Maunder.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sco*to"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Scotomy.</def>
<hw>Scot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>scotomia</ets>, from Gr. <?/ dizziness, fr. <?/ to darken,
fr. <grk>sko`tos</grk> darkness: cf. F.
<ets>scotomie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Dizziness with
dimness of sight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Massinger.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Obscuration of the field of
vision due to the appearance of a dark spot before the eye.</def>
<hw>Sco"to*scope</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Gr. <grk>sko`tos</grk> darkness + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety>
<def>An instrument that discloses objects in the dark or in a
faint light.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Pepys.</au>
<hw>Scots</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[For older
<ets>Scottis</ets> Scottish. See <er>Scottish</er>.]</ety>
<def>Of or pertaining to the Scotch; Scotch; Scottish; <as>as,
<ex>Scots</ex> law; a pound <ex>Scots</ex> (1s. 8d.)</as>.</def>
<hw>Scots"man</hw> <pr>(-m<it>a</it>n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>See <er>Scotchman</er>.</def>
<hw>Scot"ter*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
burning of a wad of pease straw at the end of harvest.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scot"ti*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An idiom,
or mode of expression, peculiar to Scotland or Scotchmen.</def>
<q>That, in short, in which the <qex>Scotticism</qex> of Scotsmen
most intimately consists, is the habit of emphasis.</q>
<qau>Masson.</qau>
<hw>Scot"ti*cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
cause to become like the Scotch; to make Scottish.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Scot"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Scot</er> a Scotchman: cf. AS. <ets>Scyttisc</ets>, and E.
<er>Scotch</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Scots</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of
Scotland, their country, or their language; <as>as,
<ex>Scottish</ex> industry or economy; a <ex>Scottish</ex> chief;
a <ex>Scottish</ex> dialect</as>.</def>
<hw>Scoun"drel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably
from Prov. E. & Scotch <ets>scunner</ets>, <ets>scouner</ets>, to
loathe, to disgust, akin to AS. <ets>scunian</ets> to shun. See
<er>Shun</er>.]</ety> <def>A mean, worthless fellow; a rascal; a
villain; a man without honor or virtue.</def>
<q>Go, if your ancient, but ignoble blood</q>
<q>Has crept through <qex>soundrels</qex> ever since the
flood.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Scoun"drel</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Low; base; mean;
unprincipled.</def>
<hw>Scoun"drel*dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
domain or sphere of scoundrels; scoundrels, collectively; the
state, ideas, or practices of scoundrels.</def>
<au>Carlyle.</au>
<hw>Scoun"drel*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
practices or conduct of a scoundrel; baseness; rascality.</def>
<au>Cotgrave.</au>
<hw>Scour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scoured</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scouring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to LG.
<ets>sch\'81ren</ets>, D. <ets>schuren</ets>,
<ets>schueren</ets>, G. <ets>scheuern</ets>, Dan.
<ets>skure</ets>; Sw. <ets>skura</ets>; all possibly fr. LL.
<ets>escurare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ex + curare</ets> to take care.
Cf. <er>Cure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub hard with
something rough, as sand or Bristol brick, especially for the
purpose of cleaning; to clean by friction; to make clean or
bright; to cleanse from grease, dirt, etc., as articles of
dress.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To purge; <as>as, to <ex>scour</ex> a
horse</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To remove by rubbing or cleansing; to sweep
along or off; to carry away or remove, as by a current of water;
-- often with <xex>off</xex> or <xex>away</xex>.</def>
<q>[I will] stain my favors in a bloody mask,
Which, washed away, shall <qex>scour</qex> my shame with it.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps a different word; cf. OF.
<ets>escorre</ets>, <ets>escourre</ets>, It. <ets>scorrere</ets>,
both fr. L. <ets>excurrere</ets> to run forth. Cf.
<er>Excursion</er>.]</ety> <def>To pass swiftly over; to brush
along; to traverse or search thoroughly; <as>as, to
<ex>scour</ex> the coast</as>.</def>
<q>Not so when swift Camilla <qex>scours</qex> the plain.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<cs><col>Scouring barrel</col>, <cd>a tumbling barrel. See under
<er>Tumbling</er>.</cd> -- <col>Scouring cinder</col>
<fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a basic slag, which attacks the lining
of a shaft furnace.</cd> <au>Raymond.</au> -- <col>Scouring
rush</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Dutch rush</cref>,
under <er>Dutch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Scouring stock</col>
<fld>(Woolen Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of fulling mill.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scour</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To clean
anything by rubbing.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cleanse anything.</def>
<q>Warm water is softer than cold, for it <qex>scoureth</qex>
better.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be purged freely; to have a
diarrh\'d2a.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To run swiftly; to rove or range in pursuit or
search of something; to scamper.</def>
<q>So four fierce coursers, starting to the race,
<qex>Scour</qex> through the plain, and lengthen every pace.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Scour</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Diarrh\'d2a or dysentery among
cattle.</def>
<hw>Scour"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Refuse
water after scouring.</def>
<hw>Scour"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, scours.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rover or footpad; a prowling robber.</def>
<q>In those days of highwaymen and <qex>scourers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Scourge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>escourg\'82e</ets>, fr. L. <ets>excoriata</ets> (sc.
<ets>scutica</ets>) a stripped off (lash or whip), fr.
<ets>excoriate</ets> to strip, to skin. See
<er>Excoriate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lash; a strap or
cord; especially, a lash used to inflict pain or punishment; an
instrument of punishment or discipline; a whip.</def>
<q>Up to coach then goes
The observed maid, takes both the <qex>scourge</qex> and
reins.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a means of inflicting punishment,
vengeance, or suffering; an infliction of affliction; a
punishment.</def>
<q>Sharp <qex>scourges</qex> of adversity.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>What <qex>scourge</qex> for perjury
Can this dark monarchy afford false Clarence?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Scourge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scourged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scourging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Scourge</er>, <pos>n.</pos>: cf. OF.
<ets>escorgier</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To whip severely;
to lash.</def>
<q>is it lawful for you to <qex>scourge</qex> a . . . Roman?</q>
<qau>Acts xxii. 25.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To punish with severity; to chastise; to
afflict, as for sins or faults, and with the purpose of
correction.</def>
<q>Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and <qex>scourgeth</qex>
every son whom he receiveth.</q>
<qau>Heb. xii. 6.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To harass or afflict severely.</def>
<q>To <qex>scourge</qex> and impoverish the people.</q>
<qau>Brougham.</qau>
<hw>Scour"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
scourges or punishes; one who afflicts severely.</def>
<q>The West must own the <qex>scourger</qex> of the world.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<hw>Scourse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scorse</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scouse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>A sailor's dish. Bread <xex>scouse</xex> contains no meat;
lob<xex>scouse</xex> contains meat, etc. See
<er>Lobscouse</er>.</def>
<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>
<hw>Scout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>sk<?/ta</ets> a small craft or cutter.]</ety> <def>A swift
sailing boat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>So we took a <qex>scout</qex>, very much pleased with the
manner and conversation of the passengers.</q>
<qau>Pepys.</qau>
<hw>Scout</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>sk<umac/ta</ets>
to jut out. Cf. <er>Scout</er> to reject.]</ety> <def>A
projecting rock.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Wright.</au>
<-- p. 1291 -->
<hw>Scout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>sk<?/ta</ets> a taunt; cf. Icel. <ets>skuta</ets> to jut
out, <ets>skota</ets> to shove, <ets>skj<?/ta</ets> to shoot, to
shove. See <er>Shoot</er>.]</ety> <def>To reject with contempt,
as something absurd; to treat with ridicule; to flout; <as>as, to
<ex>scout</ex> an idea or an apology</as>.</def> \'bdFlout 'em
and <xex>scout</xex> 'em.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Scout</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>escaute</ets> scout,
spy, fr. <ets>escouter</ets>, <ets>escolter</ets>, to listen, to
hear, F. <ets>\'82couter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>auscultare</ets>, to
hear with attention, to listen to. See
<er>Auscultation</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person sent out
to gain and bring in tidings; especially, one employed in war to
gain information of the movements and condition of an
enemy.</def>
<q><qex>Scouts</qex> each coast light-arm\'8ad scour,
Each quarter, to descry the distant foe.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A college student's or undergraduate's servant;
-- so called in Oxford, England; at Cambridge called a
<xex>gyp</xex>; and at Dublin, a <xex>skip</xex>.</def>
<mark>[Cant]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Criket)</fld> <def>A fielder in a game for
practice.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of scouting or reconnoitering.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>While the rat is on the <qex>scout</qex>.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Scout</er>, <er>Spy</er>.</syn> <usage> -- In a
military sense a <xex>scout</xex> is a soldier who does duty in
his proper uniform, however hazardous his adventure. A
<xex>spy</xex> is one who in disguise penetrates the enemies'
lines, or lurks near them, to obtain information.</usage>
<hw>Scout</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scouted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scouting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To observe,
watch, or look for, as a scout; to follow for the purpose of
observation, as a scout.</def>
<q>Take more men,
And <qex>scout</qex> him round.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pass over or through, as a scout; to
reconnoiter; <as>as, to <ex>scout</ex> a country</as>.</def>
<hw>Scout</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To go on the business of
scouting, or watching the motions of an enemy; to act as a
scout.</def>
<q>With obscure wing
<qex>Scout</qex> far and wide into the realm of night.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Scov"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>escouve</ets>, <ets>escouvette</ets>, broom, L.
<ets>scopae</ets>, or cf. W. <ets>ysgubell</ets>, dim. of
<ets>ysgub</ets> a broom.]</ety> <def>A mop for sweeping ovens; a
malkin.</def>
<hw>Scow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>schouw</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large
flat-bottomed boat, having broad, square ends.</def>
<hw>Scow</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To transport in a
scow.</def>
<hw>Scowl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scowled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scowling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to Dan.
<ets>skule</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>skolla</ets> to skulk, LG.
<ets>schulen</ets> to hide one's self, D. <ets>schuilen</ets>, G.
<ets>schielen</ets> to squint, Dan. <ets>skele</ets>, Sw.
<ets>skela</ets>, AS. <ets>sceolh</ets> squinting. Cf.
<er>Skulk</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To wrinkle the brows, as
in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look
sour, sullen, severe, or angry.</def>
<q>She <qex>scowled</qex> and frowned with froward
countenance.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to
lower.</def> \'bdThe <xex>scowling</xex> heavens.\'b8
<au>Thomson.</au>
<hw>Scowl</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To look at or
repel with a scowl or a frown.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To express by a scowl; <as>as, to <ex>scowl</ex>
defiance</as>.</def>
<hw>Scowl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The wrinkling of
the brows or face in frowing; the expression of displeasure,
sullennes, or discontent in the countenance; an angry
frown.</def>
<q>With solemn phiz, and critic <qex>scowl</qex>.</q>
<qau>Lloyd.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, gloom; dark or threatening aspect.</def>
<au>Burns.</au>
<q>A ruddy storm, whose <qex>scowl</qex>
Made heaven's radiant face look foul.</q>
<qau>Crashaw.</qau>
<hw>Scowl"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scowling
manner.</def>
<hw>Scrab"bed eggs`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[CF.
<er>Scramble</er>.]</ety> <def>A Lenten dish, composed of eggs
boiled hard, chopped, and seasoned with butter, salt, and
pepper.</def>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Scrab"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scrabbled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Scrabbling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>scrape</ets>. Cf.
<er>Scramble</er>, <er>Scrawl</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To scrape, paw, or scratch with the hands; to
proceed by clawing with the hands and feet; to scramble; <as>as,
to <ex>scrabble</ex> up a cliff or a tree</as>.</def>
<q>Now after a while Little-faith came to himself, and getting up
made shift to <qex>scrabble</qex> on his way.</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make irregular, crooked, or unmeaning marks;
to scribble; to scrawl.</def>
<q>David . . . <qex>scrabbled</qex> on the doors of the gate.</q>
<qau>1. Sam. xxi. 13.</qau>
<hw>Scrab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mark with irregular
lines or letters; to scribble; <as>as, to <ex>scrabble</ex>
paper</as>.</def>
<hw>Scrab"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of scrabbing; a
moving upon the hands and knees; a scramble; also, a
scribble.</def>
<hw>Scra"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scrabble</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The Manx shearwater.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The black
guillemot.</def>
<hw>Scraf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Scramble</er>: cf. OD. <ets>schraeffelen</ets> to
scrape.]</ety> <def>To scramble or struggle; to wrangle; also, to
be industrious.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Scrag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw.
<ets>skraka</ets> a great dry tree, a long, lean man, Gael.
<ets>sgreagach</ets> dry, shriveled, rocky. See <er>Shrink</er>,
and cf. <er>Scrog</er>, <er>Shrag</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Something thin, lean, or rough; a bony piece;
especially, a bony neckpiece of meat; hence, humorously or in
contempt, the neck.</def>
<q>Lady MacScrew, who . . . serves up a <qex>scrag</qex> of
mutton on silver.</q>
<qau>Thackeray.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rawboned person.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A ragged, stunted tree or branch.</def>
<cs><col>Scrag whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North
Atlantic whalebone whale (<spn>Agaphelus giddosus</spn>). By some
it is considered the young of the right whale.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scrag"ged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Rough with irregular points, or a broken surface; scraggy;
<as>as, a <ex>scragged</ex> backbone</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lean and rough; scraggy.</def>
<hw>Scrag"ged*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being scragged.</def>
<hw>Scrag"gi*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>in a
scraggy manner.</def>
<hw>Scrag"gi*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state
of being scraggy; scraggedness.</def>
<hw>Scrag"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Scragger</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Scraggiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Rough with irregular points; scragged.</def> \'bdA
<xex>scraggy</xex> rock.\'b8
<au>J. Philips.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lean and rough; scragged.</def> \'bdHis sinewy,
<xex>scraggy</xex> neck.\'b8
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Scrag"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See <er>Scraggy</er>.</def>
<hw>Scrag"-necked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
scraggy neck.</def>
<hw>Scram"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scrambled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Scrambling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of Prov. E.
<ets>scramb</ets> to rake together with the hands, or of
<ets>scramp</ets> to snatch at. cf. <er>Scrabble</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To clamber with hands and knees; to scrabble;
<as>as, to <ex>scramble</ex> up a cliff; to <ex>scramble</ex>
over the rocks</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To struggle eagerly with others for something
thrown upon the ground; to go down upon all fours to seize
something; to catch rudely at what is desired.</def>
<q>Of other care they little reckoning make,
Than how to <qex>scramble</qex> at the shearer's feast.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Scram"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To collect by scrambling; <as>as, to <ex>scramble</ex> up
wealth</as>.</def>
<au>Marlowe.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prepare (eggs) as a dish for the table, by
stirring the yolks and whites together while cooking.</def>
<hw>Scram"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
scrambling, climbing on all fours, or clambering.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of jostling and pushing for something
desired; eager and unceremonious struggle for what is thrown or
held out; <as>as, a <ex>scramble</ex> for office</as>.</def>
<q>Scarcity [of money] enhances its price, and increases the
<qex>scramble</qex>.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<hw>Scram"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who scrambles; one who climbs on all fours.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A greedy and unceremonious contestant.</def>
<hw>Scram"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Confused
and irregular; awkward; scambling.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Scram"bling*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<q>A huge old <qex>scrambling</qex> bedroom.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Scranch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scranched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scranching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>schransen</ets> to eat greedily, G. <ets>schranzen</ets>.
Cf. <er>Crunch</er>, <er>Scrunch</er>.]</ety> <def>To grind with
the teeth, and with a crackling sound; to craunch.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scrank"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Thin;
lean.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Scran"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scrawny</er>.]</ety> <def>Slight; thin; lean; poor.
Having</def>
<q>Grate on their <qex>scranned</qex> pipes of wretched
straw.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Scran"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Scrannel</er>.]</ety> <def>Thin; lean; meager; scrawny;
scrannel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Scrap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scrappe</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>skrap</ets> trifle, cracking.
See <er>Scrape</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Something scraped off; hence, a small piece; a bit; a
fragment; a detached, incomplete portion.</def>
<q>I have no materials -- not a <qex>scrap</qex>.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, a fragment of something written or
printed; a brief excerpt; an unconnected extract.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The crisp substance that
remains after trying out animal fat; <as>as, pork
<ex>scraps</ex></as>.</def>
<-- sic. -- meaning after "drying" out?? -->
<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Same as <cref>Scrap
iron</cref>, below.</def>
<-- 5. Manufactured objects or parts useful only for
reprocessing, esp. metal objects. -->
<cs><col>Scrap forgings</col>, <cd>forgings made from wrought
iron scrap.</cd> -- <col>Scrap iron</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>Cuttings and waste pieces of wrought iron from which bar iron
or forgings can be made; -- called also <altname>wrought-iron
scrap</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Fragments of cast iron or
defective castings suitable for remelting in the foundry; --
called also <altname>founding scrap</altname>, or <altname>cast
scrap</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scrap"book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A blank
book in which extracts cut from books and papers may be pasted
and kept.</def>
<hw>Scrape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scraped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scraping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel. <ets>skrapa</ets>;
akin to Sw. <ets>skrapa</ets>, Dan. <ets>skrabe</ets>, D.
<ets>schrapen</ets>, <ets>schrabben</ets>, G.
<ets>schrappen</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>sharp</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub over the surface of (something) with a
sharp or rough instrument; to rub over with something that
roughens by removing portions of the surface; to grate harshly
over; to abrade; to make even, or bring to a required condition
or form, by moving the sharp edge of an instrument breadthwise
over the surface with pressure, cutting away excesses and
superfluous parts; to make smooth or clean; <as>as, to
<ex>scrape</ex> a bone with a knife; to <ex>scrape</ex> a metal
plate to an even surface</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To remove by rubbing or scraping (in the sense
above).</def>
<q>I will also <qex>scrape</qex> her dust from her, and make her
like the top of a rock.</q>
<qau>Ezek. xxvi. 4.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To collect by, or as by, a process of scraping;
to gather in small portions by laborius effort; hence, to acquire
avariciously and save penuriously; -- often followed by
<xex>together</xex> or <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>scrape</ex>
money together</as>.</def>
<q>The prelatical party complained that, to swell a number the
nonconformists did not choose, but <qex>scrape</qex>,
subscribers.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To express disapprobation of, as a play, or to
silence, as a speaker, by drawing the feet back and forth upon
the floor; -- usually with <xex>down</xex>.</def>
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<cs><col>To scrape acquaintance</col>, <cd>to seek acquaintance
otherwise than by an introduction.</cd></cs>
<au>Farquhar.</au>
<q>He tried to <qex>scrape acquaintance</qex> with her, but
failed ignominiously.</q>
<qau>G. W. Cable.</qau>
<hw>Scrape</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub over
the surface of anything with something which roughens or removes
it, or which smooths or cleans it; to rub harshly and noisily
along.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To occupy one's self with getting laboriously;
<as>as, he <ex>scraped</ex> and saved until he became
rich</as>.</def> \'bd[Spend] their <xex>scraping</xex> fathers'
gold.</def>\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To play awkwardly and inharmoniously on a violin
or like instrument.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To draw back the right foot along the ground or
floor when making a bow.</def>
<hw>Scrape</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
scraping; also, the effect of scraping, as a scratch, or a harsh
sound; <as>as, a noisy <ex>scrape</ex> on the floor; a
<ex>scrape</ex> of a pen</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A drawing back of the right foot when bowing;
also, a bow made with that accompaniment.</def>
<au>H. Spencer.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A disagreable and embrassing predicament, as it
were, a painful rubbing or scraping; a perplexity; a
difficulty.</def>
<q>The too eager pursuit of this his old enemy through thick and
thin has led him into many of these <qex>scrapes</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>
<hw>Scrape"pen`ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
gathers and hoards money in trifling sums; a miser.</def><-- = a
pinchpenny -->
<hw>Scrap"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
instrument with which anything is scraped.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument by which the soles of shoes are
cleaned from mud and the like, by drawing them across it</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument drawn by oxen or horses, used for
scraping up earth in making or repairing roads, digging cellars,
canals etc.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An
instrument having two or three sharp sides or edges, for cleaning
the planks, masts, or decks of a ship</def>. <sd>(d)</sd>
<fld>(Lithography)</fld> <def>In the printing press, a board, or
blade, the edge of which is made to rub over the tympan sheet and
thus produce the impression.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who scrapes.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who plays awkwardly on a violin</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who acquires avariciously and saves
penuriously.</def>
<hw>Scrap"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of scraping; the act or process of making even, or
reducing to the proper form, by means of a scraper.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something scraped off; that which is separated
from a substance, or is collected by scraping; <as>as, the
<ex>scraping</ex> of the street</as>.</def>
<hw>Scrap"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling the act of, or
the effect produced by, one who, or that which, scrapes; <as>as,
a <ex>scraping</ex> noise; a <ex>scraping</ex> miser</as>.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Scrap"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Scrap"pi*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
scrappy manner; in scraps.</def>
<au>Mary Cowden Clarke.</au>
<hw>Scrap"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of
scraps; fragmentary; lacking unity or consistency; <as>as, a
<ex>scrappy</ex> lecture</as>.</def>
<q>A dreadfully <qex>scrappy</qex> dinner.</q>
<qau>Thackeray.</qau>
<hw>Scrat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scratten</ets>. Cf. <er>Scratch</er>.]</ety> <def>To
scratch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Burton.</au>
<hw>Scrat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rake; to search.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Mir. for Mag.</au>
<hw>Scrat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>scritta</ets> an
hermaphrodite, Ir. <ets>scrut</ets> a scrub, a low, mean person,
Gael. <ets>sgrut</ets>, <ets>sgruit</ets>, an old, shriveled
person.]</ety> <def>An hermaphrodite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Skinner.</au>
<hw>Scratch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scratched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scratching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cracchen</ets>
(perhaps influenced by OE. <ets>scratten</ets> to scratch); cf.
OHG. <ets>chrazz<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>kratzen</ets>, OD.
<ets>kratsen</ets>, <ets>kretsen</ets>, D. <ets>krassen</ets>,
Sw. <ets>kratsa</ets> to scrape, <ets>kratta</ets> to rake, to
scratch, Dan. <ets>kradse</ets> to scratch, to scrape, Icel.
<ets>krota</ets> to engrave. Cf. <er>Grate</er> to rub.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub and tear or mark the surface of with
something sharp or ragged; to scrape, roughen, or wound slightly
by drawing something pointed or rough across, as the claws, the
nails, a pin, or the like.</def>
<q>Small sand-colored stones, so hard as to <qex>scratch</qex>
glass.Grew.</q>
<q>Be mindful, when invention fails.,</q>
<q>To <qex>scratch</qex> your head, and bite your
nails.Swift.</q>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To write or draw hastily or awkwardly.
<xex>Scratch</xex> out a pamphlet.\'b8
<au>Swift.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cancel by drawing one or more lines through,
as the name of a candidate upon a ballot, or of a horse in a
list; hence, to erase; to efface; -- often with
<xex>out</xex>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To dig or excavate with the claws; <as>as, some
animals <ex>scratch</ex> holes, in which they burrow</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To scratch a ticket</col>, <cd>to cancel one or more
names of candidates on a party ballot; to refuse to vote the
party ticket in its entirety. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>
<hw>Scratch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To use the
claws or nails in tearing or in digging; to make scratches.</def>
<q>Dull, tame things, . . . that will neither bite nor
<qex>scratch</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>To score, not by skillful
play but by some fortunate chance of the game.</def> <mark>[Cant,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scratch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A break in the
surface of a thing made by scratching, or by rubbing with
anything pointed or rough; a slight wound, mark, furrow, or
incision.</def>
<q>The coarse file . . . makes deep <qex>scratches</qex> in the
work.</q>
<qau>Moxon.</qau>
<q>These nails with <qex>scratches</qex> deform my breast.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<q>God forbid a shallow <qex>scratch</qex> should drive
The prince of Wales from such a field as this.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Pugilistic Matches)</fld> <def>A line across
the prize ring; up to which boxers are brought when they join
fight; hence, test, trial, or proof of courage; <as>as, to bring
to the <ex>scratch</ex>; to come up to the
<ex>scratch</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>
<au>Grose.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Minute, but
tender and troublesome, excoriations, covered with scabs, upon
the heels of horses which have been used where it is very wet or
muddy.</def>
<au>Law (Farmer's Veter. Adviser).</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A kind of wig covering only a portion of the
head.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>A shot which scores by
chance and not as intended by the player; a fluke.</def>
<mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark>
<cs><col>Scratch cradle</col>. <cd>See <cref>Cratch
cradle</cref>, under <er>Cratch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Scratch
grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing knotweed
(<spn>Polygonum sagittatum</spn>) with a square stem beset with
fine recurved prickles along the angles.</cd> -- <col>Scratch
wig</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Scratch</er>, 4, above.</cd></cs>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Scratch</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made, done, or happening by
chance; arranged with little or no preparation; determined by
circumstances; haphazard; <as>as, a <ex>scratch</ex> team; a
<ex>scratch</ex> crew for a boat race; a <ex>scratch</ex> shot in
billiards</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<cs><col>Scratch race</col>, <cd>one without restrictions
regarding the entrance of competitors; also, one for which the
competitors are chosen by lot.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scratch"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A toy
which imitates the sound of tearing cloth, -- used by drawing it
across the back of unsuspecting persons.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scratch"brush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stiff
wire brush for cleaning iron castings and other metal.</def>
<hw>Scratch" coat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The first coat in
plastering; -- called also <cref>scratchwork</cref>. See
<er>Pricking-up</er>.</def>
<hw>Scratch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, scratches; specifically <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, any
rasorial bird.</def>
<hw>Scratch"ing</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With the action of
scratching.</def>
<hw>Scratch"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Cleavers.</def>
<hw>Scratch"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scratch coat</er>.</def>
<hw>Scratch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characterized
by scratches.</def>
<hw>Scraw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir.
<ets>scrath</ets> a turf, <ets>sgraith</ets> a turf, green sod;
akin to Gael. <ets>sgrath</ets>, <ets>sgroth</ets>, the outer
skin of anything, a turf, a green sod.]</ety> <def>A turf.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Scrawl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Crawl</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Latimer.</au>
<hw>Scrawl</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scrawled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scrawling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably
corrupted from <ets>scrabble</ets>.]</ety> <def>To draw or mark
awkwardly and irregularly; to write hastily and carelessly; to
scratch; to scribble; <as>as, to <ex>scrawl</ex> a
letter</as>.</def>
<q>His name, <qex>scrawled</qex> by himself.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Scrawl</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To write unskillfully and
inelegantly.</def>
<q>Though with a golden pen you <qex>scrawl</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<-- p. 1292 -->
<hw>Scrawl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Unskillful or
inelegant writing; that which is unskillfully or inelegantly
written.</def>
<q>The left will make such a <qex>scrawl</qex>, that it will not
be legible.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<q>You bid me write no more than a <qex>scrawl</qex> to you.</q>
<qau>Gray.</qau>
<hw>Scrawl"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
scrawls; a hasty, awkward writer.</def>
<hw>Scraw"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scrannel</er>.]</ety> <def>Meager; thin; rawboned; bony;
scranny.</def>
<hw>Scray</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. W.
<ets>ysgr\'84en</ets>, <ets>ysgr\'84ell</ets>, a sea swallow,
Armor. <ets>skrav</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
tern; the sea swallow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>sgraye</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Scre"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>screare</ets> to hawk, spit out.]</ety> <def>Capable of
being spit out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Screak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Screaked</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Screaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>skr\'91kja</ets> to screech. Cf. <er>Creak</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>, <er>Screech</er>.]</ety> <def>To utter suddenly a
sharp, shrill sound; to screech; to creak, as a door or
wheel.</def>
<hw>Screak</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A creaking; a screech; a
shriek.</def>
<au>Bp. Bull.</au>
<hw>Scream</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Screamed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Screaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel. <ets>skr\'91ma</ets>
to scare, terrify; akin to Sw. <ets>skr\'84ma</ets>, Dan.
<ets>skr\'91mme</ets>. Cf. <er>Screech</er>.]</ety> <def>To cry
out with a shrill voice; to utter a sudden, sharp outcry, or
shrill, loud cry, as in fright or extreme pain; to shriek; to
screech.</def>
<q>I heard the owl <qex>scream</qex> and the crickets cry.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>And <qex>scream</qex> thyself as none e'er <qex>screamed</qex>
before.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Scream</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sharp, shrill cry, uttered
suddenly, as in terror or in pain; a shriek; a screech.</def>
\'bd<xex>Screams</xex> of horror.\'b8
<au>Pope.</au>
<hw>Scream"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of three species of South
American birds constituting the family <spn>Anhimid\'91</spn>,
and the suborder <spn>Palamede\'91</spn>. They have two spines on
each wing, and the head is either crested or horned. They are
easily tamed, and then serve as guardians for other poultry. The
crested screamers, or chajas, belong to the genus
<spn>Chauna</spn>. The horned screamer, or kamichi, is
<spn>Palamedea cornuta</spn>.</def>
<hw>Scream"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Uttering
screams; shrieking.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the nature of a scream; like a scream;
shrill; sharp.</def>
<q>The fearful matrons raise a <qex>screaming</qex> cry.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Scree</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pebble; a
stone; also, a heap of stones or rocky d\'82bris.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Southey.</au>
<hw>Screech</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Screeched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Screeching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Also formerly,
<ets>scritch</ets>, OE. <ets>skriken</ets>, <ets>skrichen</ets>,
<ets>schriken</ets>, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
<ets>skr<ae/kja</ets> to shriek, to screech,
<ets>skr<imac/ja</ets> to titter, Sw. <ets>skrika</ets> to
shriek, Dan. <ets>skrige</ets>; also Gael. <ets>sgreach</ets>,
<ets>sgreuch</ets>, W. <ets>ysgrechio</ets>, Skr.
<ets>kharj</ets> to creak. Cf. <er>Shriek</er>, <pos>v.</pos>,
<er>Scream</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>To utter a harsh,
shrill cry; to make a sharp outcry, as in terror or acute pain;
to scream; to shriek.</def> \'bdThe screech owl,
<xex>screeching</xex> loud.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Screech</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A harsh, shrill cry, as of
one in acute pain or in fright; a shriek; a scream.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Screech bird</col>, <or/ <col>Screech
thrush</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fieldfare; --
so called from its harsh cry before rain.</cd> -- <col>Screech
rain</col>.<cd></cd> -- <col>Screech hawk</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European goatsucker; -- so called
from its note.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Screech
owl</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small
American owl (<spn>Scops asio</spn>), either gray or reddish in
color</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The European barn owl</cd>. The name
is applied also to other species.</cd></cs>
<hw>Screech"ers</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The picarian birds, as distinguished
from the singing birds.</def>
<hw>Screech"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a
screech; shrill and harsh.</def>
<hw>Screed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E., a
shred, the border of a cap. See <er>Shred</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A strip of
plaster of the thickness proposed for the coat, applied to the
wall at intervals of four or five feet, as a guide.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A wooden straightedge used to lay across the
plaster screed, as a limit for the thickness of the coat.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fragment; a portion; a shred.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Screed</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st <er>Screed</er>. For
sense 2 cf. also Gael. <ets>sgread</ets> an outcry.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A breach or rent; a breaking forth into a loud,
shrill sound; <as>as, martial <ex>screeds</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An harangue; a long tirade on any subject.</def>
<q>The old carl gae them a <qex>screed</qex> of doctrine; ye
might have heard him a mile down the wind.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Screen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scren</ets>, OF. <ets>escrein</ets>, <ets>escran</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82cran</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. G.
<ets>schirm</ets> a screen, OHG. <ets>scrim</ets>,
<ets>scern</ets> a protection, shield, or G. <ets>schragen</ets>
a trestle, a stack of wood, or G. <ets>schranne</ets> a
railing.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything that separates or cuts
off inconvience, injury, or danger; that which shelters or
conceals from view; a shield or protection; <as>as, a fire
<ex>screen</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Your leavy <qex>screens</qex> throw down.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Some ambitious men seem as <qex>screens</qex> to princes in
matters of danger and envy.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A dwarf wall or partition
carried up to a certain height for separation and protection, as
in a church, to separate the aisle from the choir, or the
like.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A surface, as that afforded by a curtain, sheet,
wall, etc., upon which an image, as a picture, is thrown by a
magic lantern, solar microscope, etc.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A long, coarse riddle or sieve, sometimes a
revolving perforated cylinder, used to separate the coarser from
the finer parts, as of coal, sand, gravel, and the like.</def>
<-- 5. A netting, usu. of metal, contained in a frame, used
mostly in windows or doors to allow in fresh air while excluding
insects.
Screen door, a door of which half or more is composed of a
screen. Screen window, a screen fitted for insertion into a
window frame.
6. The surface of an electronic device, as a television set
or computer monitor, on which a visible image is formed. The
screen is frequently the surface of a cathode-ray tube containing
phosphors excited by the electron beam, but other methods for
causing an image to appear on the screen are also used, as in
flat-panel displays.
7. The motion-picture industry; motion pictures. "A star of
stage and screen." -->
<hw>Screen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Screened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Screening</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To provide with
a shelter or means of concealment; to separate or cut off from
inconvience, injury, or danger; to shelter; to protect; to
protect by hiding; to conceal; <as>as, fruits <ex>screened</ex>
from cold winds by a forest or hill</as>.</def>
<q>They were encouraged and <qex>screened</qex> by some who were
in high comands.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pass, as coal, gravel, ashes, etc., through a
screen in order to separate the coarse from the fine, or the
worthless from the valuable; to sift.</def>
<-- 3. To examine a group of objects methodically, to separate
them into groups or to select one or more for some purpose. As
-- (a), To inspect the qualifications of candidates for a job, to
select one or more to be hired.
(b) (Biochem., Med) To test a large number of samples, in
order to find those having specific desirable properties; as, to
screen plant extracts for anticancer agents. -->
<hw>Screen"ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>The
refuse left after screening sand, coal, ashes, etc.</def>
<hw>Screw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scrue</ets>, OF. <ets>escroue</ets>, <ets>escroe</ets>,
female screw, F. <ets>\'82crou</ets>, L. <ets>scrobis</ets> a
ditch, trench, in LL., the hole made by swine in rooting; cf. D.
<ets>schroef</ets> a screw, G. <ets>schraube</ets>, Icel.
<ets>skr<?/fa</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cylinder, or a
cylindrical perforation, having a continuous rib, called the
<xex>thread</xex>, winding round it spirally at a constant
inclination, so as to leave a continuous spiral groove, between
one turn and the next, -- used chiefly for producing, when
revolved, motion or pressure in the direction of its axis, by the
sliding of the threads of the cylinder in the grooves between the
threads of the perforation adapted to it, the former being
distinguished as the <xex>external</xex>, or <xex>male
screw</xex>, or, more usually the <xex>screw</xex>; the latter as
the <xex>internal</xex>, or <xex>female screw</xex>, or, more
usually, the <xex>nut</xex>.</def>
<note><hand/ The screw, as a mechanical power, is a modification
of the inclined plane, and may be regarded as a right-angled
triangle wrapped round a cylinder, the hypotenuse of the marking
the spiral thread of the screw, its base equaling the
circumference of the cylinder, and its height the
<xex>pitch</xex> of the thread.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, a kind of nail with a spiral
thread and a head with a nick to receive the end of the
screw-driver. Screws are much used to hold together pieces of
wood or to fasten something; -- called also <altname>wood
screws</altname>, and <altname>screw nails</altname>. See also
<cref>Screw bolt</cref>, below.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything shaped or acting like a screw; esp., a
form of wheel for propelling steam vessels. It is placed at the
stern, and furnished with blades having helicoidal surfaces to
act against the water in the manner of a screw. See <cref>Screw
propeller</cref>, below.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A steam vesel propelled by a screw instead of
wheels; a screw steamer; a propeller.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>An extortioner; a sharp bargainer; a skinflint;
a niggard.</def>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>An instructor who examines with great or
unnecessary severity; also, a searching or strict examination of
a student by an instructor.</def> <mark>[Cant, American
Colleges]</mark>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A small packet of tobacco.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>Mayhew.</au>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>An unsound or worn-out horse, useful as a hack,
and commonly of good appearance.</def>
<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A straight line in space with
which a definite linear magnitude termed the <xex>pitch</xex> is
associated (cf. 5th <er>Pitch</er>, 10 <sd>(b)</sd>). It is used
to express the displacement of a rigid body, which may always be
made to consist of a rotation about an axis combined with a
translation parallel to that axis.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An amphipod crustacean;
<as>as, the skeleton <ex>screw</ex> (<spn>Caprella</spn>)</as>.
See <cref>Sand screw</cref>, under <er>Sand</er>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Archimedes screw</col>, <col>Compound screw</col>,
<col>Foot screw</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under
<er>Archimedes</er>, <er>Compound</er>, <er>Foot</er>, etc.</cd>
-- <col>A screw loose</col>, <cd>something out of order, so that
work is not done smoothly; <as>as, there is <ex>a screw loose<ex>
somewhere</as>.</cd> <au>H. Martineau.</au>
-- <mcol><col>Endless</col>, <or/ <col>perpetual
screw</col></mcol>, <cd>a screw used to give motion to a toothed
wheel by the action of its threads between the teeth of the
wheel; -- called also a <altname>worm</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Lag
screw</col>. <cd>See under <er>Lag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Micrometer
screw</col>, <cd>a screw with fine threads, used for the
measurement of very small spaces.</cd> -- <col>Right and left
screw</col>, <cd>a screw having threads upon the opposite ends
which wind in opposite directions.</cd> -- <col>Screw
alley</col>. <cd>See <er>Shaft alley</er>, under
<er>Shaft</er>.</cd> -- <col>Screw bean</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The curious spirally coiled pod of a leguminous
tree (<spn>Prosopis pubescens</spn>) growing from Texas to
California. It is used for fodder, and ground into meal by the
Indians.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The tree itself. Its heavy hard
wood is used for fuel, for fencing, and for railroad ties.</cd>
-- <col>Screw bolt</col>, <cd>a bolt having a screw thread on its
shank, in distinction from a <xex>key bolt</xex>. See 1st
<er>Bolt</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Screw box</col>, <cd>a device,
resembling a die, for cutting the thread on a wooden screw.</cd>
-- <col>Screw dock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dock</er>.</cd> --
<col>Screw engine</col>, <cd>a marine engine for driving a screw
propeller.</cd> -- <col>Screw gear</col>. <cd>See <cref>Spiral
gear</cref>, under <er>Spiral</er>.</cd> -- <col>Screw
jack</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Jackscrew</er>.</cd> -- <col>Screw
key</col>, <cd>a wrench for turming a screw or nut; a spanner
wrench.</cd> -- <col>Screw machine</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One of
a series of machines employed in the manufacture of wood
screws.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A machine tool resembling a lathe,
having a number of cutting tools that can be caused to act on the
work successively, for making screws and other turned pieces from
metal rods.</cd> -- <col>Screw pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>any plant of the endogenous genus <spn>Pandanus</spn>, of
which there are about fifty species, natives of tropical lands
from Africa to Polynesia; -- named from the spiral arrangement of
the pineapple-like leaves.</cd> -- <col>Screw plate</col>, <cd>a
device for cutting threads on small screws, consisting of a thin
steel plate having a series of perforations with internal screws
forming dies.</cd> -- <col>Screw press</col>, <cd>a press in
which pressure is exerted by means of a screw.</cd> -- <col>Screw
propeller</col>, <cd>a screw or spiral bladed wheel, used in the
propulsion of steam vessels; also, a steam vessel propelled by a
screw.</cd> -- <col>Screw shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>a long, slender, spiral gastropod shell, especially of the
genus Turritella and allied genera. See <er>Turritella</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Screw steamer</col>, <cd>a steamship propelled by a
screw.</cd> -- <col>Screw thread</col>, <cd>the spiral which
forms a screw.</cd> -- <col>Screw stone</col>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld>, <cd>the fossil stem of an encrinite.</cd>
-- <col>Screw tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant of the
genus <spn>Helicteres</spn>, consisting of about thirty species
of tropical shrubs, with simple leaves and spirally twisted,
five-celled capsules; -- also called
<altname>twisted-horn</altname>, and
<altname>twisty</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Screw valve</col>, <cd>a
stop valve which is opened or closed by a screw.</cd> --
<col>Screw worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of an
American fly (<spn>Compsomyia macellaria</spn>), allied to the
blowflies, which sometimes deposits its eggs in the nostrils, or
about wounds, in man and other animals, with fatal results.</cd>
-- <col>Screw wrench</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A wrench for turning
a screw.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A wrench with an adjustable jaw
that is moved by a screw.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To put the</col>
<col>screw, <or/ screws</col>, <col>on</mcol>, <cd>to use
pressure upon, as for the purpose of extortion; to coerce.</cd>
-- <mcol><col>To put under the screw</col> <or/
<col>screws</col></mcol>, <cd>to subject to presure; to
force.</cd> -- <col>Wood screw</col>, <cd>a metal screw with a
sharp thread of coarse pitch, adapted to holding fast in wood.
See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <cref>Wood screw</cref>, under
<er>Wood</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Screw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Screwed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Screwing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To turn, as a
screw; to apply a screw to; to press, fasten, or make firm, by
means of a screw or screws; <as>as, to <ex>screw</ex> a lock on a
door; to <ex>screw</ex> a press</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To force; to squeeze; to press, as by
screws.</def>
<q>But <qex>screw</qex> your courage to the sticking place,
And we'll not fail.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence: To practice extortion upon; to oppress by
unreasonable or extortionate exactions.</def>
<q>Our country landlords, by unmeasureable <qex>screwing</qex>
and racking their tenants, have already reduced the miserable
people to a worse condition than the peasants in France.</q>
<qau>swift.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To twist; to distort; <as>as, to <ex>screw</ex>
his visage</as>.</def>
<q>He screwed his face into a hardened smile.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To examine rigidly, as a student; to subject to
a severe examination.</def> <mark>[Cant, American
Colleges]</mark>
<cs><col>To screw out</col>, <cd>to press out; to extort.</cd> --
<col>To screw up</col>, <cd>to force; to bring by violent
pressure.</cd> <au>Howell.</au><-- (b) to damage by unskillful
effort; to bungle; to botch; to mess up. (c) [intrans] to fail
by unskillful effort, usu. causing unpleasant consequences. -->
-- <col>To screw in</col>, <cd>to force in by turning or
twisting.</cd></cs>
<-- Screw around, (a) to act aimlessly or unproductively. (b)
screw around with, to operate or make changes on (a machine or
device) without expert knowledge; to fiddle with. [Colloq.] (c)
commit adultery; to be sexually promiscuous. -->
<hw>Screw</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To use violent
mans in making exactions; to be oppressive or exacting.</def>
<au>Howitt.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To turn one's self uneasily with a twisting
motion; <as>as, he <ex>screws</ex> about in his chair</as>.</def>
<-- Screwball, n. 1. an eccentric or crazy person; an oddball.
2. a baseball pitch that curves in the direction opposite to
that of a curve ball.
adj. eccentric; zany; crazy. -->
<hw>Screw"-cut`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Adapted
for forming a screw by cutting; <as>as, a <ex>screw-cutting</ex>
lathe</as>.</def>
<hw>Screw"-driv`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tool
for turning screws so as to drive them into their place. It has a
thin end which enters the nick in the head of the screw.</def>
<hw>Screw"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, screws.</def>
<hw>Screw"ing</hw>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from <er>Screw</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Screwing machine</col>. <cd>See <cref>Screw
machine</cref>, under <er>Screw</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scrib"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being written, or of
being written upon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Scri*ba"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <def>Skillful in, or fond of,
writing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Scrib"bet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A painter's
pencil.</def>
<hw>Scrib"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scrabble</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Woolen Manuf.)</fld> <def>To card
coarsely; to run through the scribling machine.</def>
<hw>Scrib"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scribbled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scribling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Scrible</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To write hastily or
carelessly, without regard to correctness or elegance; <as>as, to
<ex>scribble</ex> a letter</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill or cover with careless or worthless
writing.</def>
<hw>Scrib"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To write without care,
elegance, or value; to scrawl.</def>
<q>If M\'91vius <qex>scribble</qex> in Apollo's spite.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Scrib"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Hasty or careless writing;
a writing of little value; a scrawl; <as>as, a hasty
<ex>scribble</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<q>Neither did I but vacant seasons spend
In this my <qex>scribble</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<hw>Scrib"ble*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
scribble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>oster.</au>
<hw>Scrib"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
scribles; a literary hack.</def>
<q>The <qex>scribbler</qex>, pinched with hunger, writes to
dine.</q>
<qau>Granville.</qau>
<hw>Scrib"bler</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A scribbling
machine.</def>
<hw>Scrib"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st
<er>Scribble</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of carding
coarsely.</def>
<cs><col>Scribbing machine</col>, <cd>the machine used for the
first carding of wool or other fiber; -- called also
<altname>scribbler</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scrib"bling</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Writing hastily or
poorly.</def>
<q>Ye newspaper witlings! ye pert <qex>scribbling</qex>
folks!</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<hw>Scrib"bling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of writing
hastily or idly.</def>
<hw>Scrib"bling*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scribbling
manner.</def>
<hw>Scribe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scriba</ets>, fr. <ets>scribere</ets> to write; cf. Gr. <?/
a splinter, pencil, style (for writing), E. <ets>scarify</ets>.
Cf. <er>Ascribe</er>, <er>Describe</er>, <er>Script</er>,
<er>Scrivener</er>, <er>Scrutoire</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who writes; a draughtsman; a writer for another;
especially, an offical or public writer; an amanuensis or
secretary; a notary; a copyist.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>A writer and doctor of
the law; one skilled in the law and traditions; one who read and
explained the law to the people.</def>
<-- p. 1293 -->
<hw>Scribe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scribed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scribing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To write,
engrave, or mark upon; to inscribe.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>To cut (anything) in such a
way as to fit closely to a somewhat irregular surface, as a
baseboard to a floor which is out of level, a board to the curves
of a molding, or the like; -- so called because the workman
marks, or <xex>scribe</xex>, with the compasses the line that he
afterwards cuts.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To score or mark with compasses or a scribing
iron.</def>
<cs><col>Scribing iron</col>, <cd>an iron-pointed instrument for
scribing, or marking, casks and logs.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scribe</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a mark.</def>
<q>With the separated points of a pair of spring dividers
<qex>scribe</qex> around the edge of the templet.</q>
<qau>A. M. Mayer.</qau>
<hw>Scrib"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sharp-pointed tool, used by joiners for drawing lines on stuff; a
marking awl.</def>
<hw>Scrib"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The character
and opinions of a Jewish scribe in the time of Christ.</def>
<au>F. W. Robertson.</au>
<hw>Scrid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A screed; a
shred; a fragment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Scrig"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
wriggle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scrim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
kind of light cotton or linen fabric, often woven in openwork
patterns, -- used for curtains, etc,; -- called also
<altname>India scrim</altname>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Thin canvas glued on the inside
of panels to prevent shrinking, checking, etc.</def>
<hw>Scri"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>escrimeur</ets>. See <er>Skirmish</er>.]</ety> <def>A
fencing master.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Scrim"mage</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A
corruption of <ets>skirmish</ets>. \'bdSore
<xex>scrymmishe</xex>.\'b8 <au>Ld. Berners.</au>]]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>scrummage</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Formerly, a skirmish; now, a general row or confused fight
or struggle.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Football)</fld> <def>The struggle in the rush
lines after the ball is put in play.</def>
<hw>Scrimp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scrimped</er> <pr>(?;
215)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scrimping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Dan.
<ets>skrumpe</ets>, G. <ets>schrumpfen</ets>, D.
<ets>krimpen</ets>. Cf. <er>Shrimp</er>, <er>Shrine</er>.]</ety>
<def>To make too small or short; to limit or straiten; to put on
short allowance; to scant; to contract; to shorten; <as>as, to
<ex>scrimp</ex> the pattern of a coat</as>.</def>
<-- To economize.
Scrimp and save. Economize and save the money not spent. -->
<hw>Scrimp</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Short; scanty;
curtailed.</def>
<hw>Scrimp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pinching miser; a
niggard.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scrimp"ing</hw>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from
<er>Scrimp</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Scrimping bar</col>, <cd>a device used in connection
with a calico printing machine for stretching the fabric
breadthwise so that it may be smooth for printing.</cd></cs>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Scrimp"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scrimping
manner.</def>
<hw>Scrimp"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being
scrimp.</def>
<hw>Scrimp"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small
portion; a pittance; a little bit.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Scrim"shaw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
ornament, as shells, ivory, etc., by engraving, and (usually)
rubbing pigments into the incised lines.</def> <mark>[Sailor's
cant. U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scrim"shaw`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shell, a whale's
tooth, or the like, that is scrimshawed.</def> <mark>[Sailor's
cant, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scrine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scrinium</ets> a case for books, letters, etc.: cf. OF.
<ets>escrin</ets>, F. <ets>\'82crin</ets>. See
<er>Shrine</er>.]</ety> <def>A chest, bookcase, or other place,
where writings or curiosities are deposited; a shrine.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>But laid them up in immortial <qex>scrine</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Scrine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scringed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Scringing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cringe</er>.]</ety>
<def>To cringe.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scrip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scrippe</ets>, probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & OSw.
<ets>skreppa</ets>, and also LL. <ets>scrippum</ets>, OF.
<ets>esquerpe</ets>, <ets>escrepe</ets>, F. <ets>\'82charpe</ets>
scarf. Cf. <er>Scarp</er>, <er>Scarf</er> a piece of
dress.]</ety> <def>A small bag; a wallet; a satchel.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>And in requital ope his leathern <qex>scrip</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Scrip</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<ets>script</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small writing,
certificate, or schedule; a piece of paper containing a
writing.</def>
<q>Call them generally, man by man, according to the
<qex>scrip</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Bills of exchange can not pay our debts abroad, till
<qex>scrips</qex> of paper can be made current coin.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A preliminary certificate of a subscription to
the capital of a bank, railroad, or other company, or for a share
of other joint property, or a loan, stating the amount of the
subscription and the date of the payment of the installments;
<as>as, insurance <ex>scrip</ex>, consol <ex>scrip</ex>,
etc.</as> When all the installments are paid, the scrip is
exchanged for a bond share certificate.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Paper fractional currency.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scrip"page</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
contents of a scrip, or wallet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Script</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>scrit</ets>, L. <ets>scriptum</ets> something written, fr.
<ets>scribere</ets>, <ets>scriptum</ets> to write: cf. OF.
<ets>escript</ets>, <ets><?/scrit</ets>, F. <ets>\'82crit</ets>.
See <er>Scribe</er>, and cf. <er>Scrip</er> a writing.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A writing; a written document.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>aucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Type made in imitation of
handwriting.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An original instrument or
document.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Written characters; style of writing.</def>
<-- 5. The written document containing the dialogue and action
for a drama; the text of a stage play, movie, or other
performance. Especially, the final form used for the performance
itself. -->
<hw>Scrip*to"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scriptoria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL. See
<er>Scriptory</er>.]</ety> <def>In an abbey or monastery, the
room set apart for writing or copying manuscripts; in general, a
room devoted to writing.</def>
<q>Writing rooms, or <qex>scriptoria</qex>, where the chief works
of Latin literature . . . were copied and illuminated.</q>
<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>
<hw>Scrip"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scriptorius</ets>, fr. <ets>scribere</ets>,
<ets>scriptum</ets> to write.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to
writing; expressed in writing; used in writing; <as>as,
<ex>scriptory</ex> wills; a <ex>scriptory</ex> reed</as>.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Scrip"tur*al</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Contained in the Scriptures; according to the Scriptures, or
sacred oracles; biblical; <as>as, a <ex>scriptural</ex>
doctrine</as>.</def>
<hw>Scrip"tur*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being scriptural; literal adherence to the
Scriptures.</def>
<hw>Scrip"tur*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who adheres
literally to the Scriptures.</def>
<hw>Scrip"tur*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scriptural
manner.</def>
<hw>Scrip"tur*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being
scriptural.</def>
<hw>Scrip"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scriptura</ets>, fr. <ets>scribere</ets>,
<ets>scriptum</ets>, to write: cf. OF. <ets>escripture</ets>,
<ets>escriture</ets>, F. <ets>\'82criture</ets>. See
<er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything written; a
writing; a document; an inscription.</def>
<q>I have put it in <qex>scripture</qex> and in remembrance.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Then the Lord of Manny read the <qex>scripture</qex> on the
tomb, the which was in Latin.</q>
<qau>Ld. Berners.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The books of the Old and the new Testament, or
of either of them; the Bible; -- used by way of eminence or
distinction, and chiefly in the plural.</def>
<q>There is not any action a man ought to do, or to forbear, but
the <qex>Scripture</qex> will give him a clear precept or
prohibition for it.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<q>Compared with the knowledge which the <qex>Scripteres</qex>
contain, every other subject of human inquiry is vanity.</q>
<qau>Buckminster.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A passage from the Bible;; a text.</def>
<q>The devil can eite <qex>Scripture</qex> for his purpose.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Hanging by the twined thread of one doubtful
<qex>Scripture</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Scrip*tu"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
Scripturist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scrip"tur*ist</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who is strongly attached to, or versed in, the Scriptures, or who
endeavors to regulate his life by them.</def>
<q>The Puritan was a <qex>Scripturist</qex> with all his heart,
if as yet with imperfect intelligence . . . he cherished the
scheme of looking to the Word of God as his sole and universal
directory.</q>
<qau>Palfrey.</qau>
<hw>Scrit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Script</er>.]</ety> <def>Writing; document; scroll.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdOf every <xex>scrit</xex> and bond.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Scritch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
screech.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Perhaps it is the owlet's <qex>scritch</qex>.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Scrive"ner</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
older <ets>scrivein</ets>, OF. <ets>escrivain</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82crivain</ets>, LL. <ets>scribanus</ets>, from L.
<ets>scribere</ets> to write. See <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A professional writer; one whose occupation is
to draw contracts or prepare writings.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The writer better <qex>scrivener</qex> than clerk.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One whose business is to place money at
interest; a broker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>ryden.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A writing master.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<cs><col>Scrivener's palsy</col>. <cd>See <cref>Writer's
cramp</cref>, under <er>Writer</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Scro*bic"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scrobicul\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See
<er>Scrobiculate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of
the smooth areas surrounding the tubercles of a sea urchin.</def>
<hw>Scro*bic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or surrounding,
scrobicul\'91; <as>as, <ex>scrobicular</ex> tubercles</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scro*bic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Scro*bic"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>scrobiculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>scrobis</ets> a
ditch or trench.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having numerous
small, shallow depressions or hollows; pitted.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scrod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Scrode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A young codfish, especially when cut
open on the back and dressed.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>escrod</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scrod"dled ware`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Mottled pottery made
from scraps of differently colored clays.</def>
<hw>Scrof"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scrofulae</ets>, fr. <ets>scrofa</ets> a breeding sow,
because swine were supposed to be subject to such a complaint, or
by a fanciful comparison of the glandular swellings to little
pigs; perhaps akin to Gr. <?/ an old sow: cf. F.
<ets>scrofules</ets>. Cf. <er>Scroyle</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A constitutional disease, generally
hereditary, especially manifested by chronic enlargement and
cheesy degeneration of the lymphatic glands, particularly those
of the neck, and marked by a tendency to the development of
chronic intractable inflammations of the skin, mucous membrane,
bones, joints, and other parts, and by a diminution in the power
of resistance to disease or injury and the capacity for recovery.
Scrofula is now generally held to be tuberculous in character,
and may develop into general or local tuberculosis
(consumption).</def>
<hw>Scrof"u*lide</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any affection of the skin dependent on
scrofula.</def>
<hw>Scrof"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>scrofuleux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to
scrofula, or partaking of its nature; <as>as, <ex>scrofulous</ex>
tumors; a <ex>scrofulous</ex> habit of body</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Diseased or affected with scrofula.</def>
<q><qex>Scrofulous</qex> persons can never be duly nourished.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Scorf"u*lous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Scrof"u*lous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Scrog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scrag</er>, or Gael. <ets>sgrogag</ets> anything shriveled,
from <ets>sgrag</ets> to compress, shrivel.]</ety> <def>A stunted
shrub, bush, or branch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Scrog"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in
scrog; also, twisted; stunted.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Scroll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A dim. of OE.
<ets>scroue</ets>, <ets>scrowe</ets> (whence E.
<ets>escrow</ets>), OF. <ets>escroe</ets>, <ets>escroue</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82crou</ets> entry in the jail book, LL. <ets>scroa</ets>
scroll, probably of Teutonic origin; cf. OD. <ets>schroode</ets>
a strip, shred, slip of paper, akin to E. <ets>shred</ets>. Cf.
<er>Shred</er>, <er>Escrow</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A roll
of paper or parchment; a writing formed into a roll; a schedule;
a list.</def>
<q>The heavens shall be rolled together as a
<qex>scroll</qex>.</q>
<qau>Isa. xxxiv. 4.</qau>
<q>Here is the <qex>scroll</qex> of every man's name.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament formed of
undulations giving off spirals or sprays, usually suggestive of
plant form. Roman architectural ornament is largely of some
scroll pattern.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mark or flourish added to a person's
signature, intended to represent a seal, and in some States
allowed as a substitute for a seal.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<au>Burrill.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Same as <cref>Skew
surface</cref>. See under <er>Skew</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Linen scroll</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Linen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Scroll chuck</col>
<fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>an adjustable chuck, applicable to a
lathe spindle, for centering and holding work, in which the jaws
are adjusted and tightened simultaneously by turning a disk
having in its face a spiral groove which is entered by teeth on
the backs of the jaws.</cd> -- <col>Scroll saw</col>. <cd>See
under <er>Saw</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scrolled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed like a
scroll; contained in a scroll; adorned with scrolls; <as>as,
<ex>scrolled</ex> work</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scroph`u*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL. So called because it was reputed to be remedy for
<ets>scrofula</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of
coarse herbs having small flowers in panicled cymes;
figwort.</def>
<hw>Scroph`u*la`ri*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a very large natural
order of gamopetalous plants (<spn>Scrophulariace\'91</spn>, or
<spn>Scrophularine\'91</spn>), usually having irregular
didynamous flowers and a two-celled pod. The order includes the
mullein, foxglove, snapdragon, figwort, painted cup, yellow
rattle, and some exotic trees, as the <xex>Paulownia</xex>.</def>
<hw>Scro"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to the scrotum; <as>as, <ex>scrotal</ex>
hernia</as>.</def>
<hw>Scro"ti*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scrotum</ets> scrotum + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Purse-shaped; pouch-shaped.</def>
<hw>Scro"to*cele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Scrotum</ets> + Gr. <?/ a tumor.: cf. F.
<ets>scrotoc\'82le</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A rupture
or hernia in the scrotum; scrotal hernia.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scro"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bag or pouch which contains the
testicles; the cod.</def>
<hw>Scrouge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>To crowd; to squeeze.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scrow</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Escrow</er>, <er>Scroll</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
scroll.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Palsgrave.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A clipping from skins; a currier's
cuttings.</def>
<hw>Scroyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>escrouselle</ets> a kind of vermin, <ets>escrouelles</ets>,
pl., scrofula, F. <ets>\'82crouelles</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL.
<ets>scrofulae</ets>. See <er>Scrofula</er>, and cf.
<er>Cruels</er>.]</ety> <def>A mean fellow; a wretch.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>hak.</au>
<hw>Scrub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scrubbed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scrubbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>scrobben</ets>,
probably of Dutch or Scand. origin; cf. Dan. <ets>sckrubbe</ets>,
Sw. <ets>skrubba</ets>, D. <ets>schrobben</ets>, LG.
<ets>schrubben</ets>.]</ety> <def>To rub hard; to wash with
rubbing; usually, to rub with a wet brush, or with something
coarse or rough, for the purpose of cleaning or brightening;
<as>as, to <ex>scrub</ex> a floor, a doorplate</as>.</def>
<hw>Scrub</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rub anything hard,
especially with a wet brush; to scour; hence, to be diligent and
penurious; <as>as, to <ex>scrub</ex> hard for a
living</as>.</def>
<hw>Scrub</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who labors
hard and lives meanly; a mean fellow.</def> \'bdA sorry
<xex>scrub</xex>.\'b8
<au>Bunyan.</au>
<q>We should go there in as proper a manner possible; nor
altogether like the <qex>scrubs</qex> about us.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something small and mean.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A worn-out brush.</def>
<au>Ainsworth.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A thicket or jungle, often specified by the name
of the prevailing plant; <as>as, oak <ex>scrub</ex>, palmetto
<ex>scrub</ex>, etc.</as></def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>One of the commen
live stock of a region of no particular breed or not of pure
breed, esp. when inferior in size, etc.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<cs><col>Scrub bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an
Australian passerine bird of the family
<spn>Atrichornithid\'91</spn>, as <spn>Atrichia clamosa</spn>; --
called also <altname>brush bird</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Scrub
oak</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the popular name of several
dwarfish species of oak. The scrub oak of New England and the
Middle States is <spn>Quercus ilicifolia</spn>, a scraggy shrub;
that of the Southern States is a small tree (<spn>Q.
Catesb\'91i</spn>); that of the Rocky Mountain region is <spn>Q.
undulata</spn>, var. <spn>Gambelii</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Scrub
robin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian singing bird
of the genus <spn>Drymodes</spn>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scrub</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mean; dirty; contemptible;
scrubby.</def>
<q>How solitary, how <qex>scrub</qex>, does this town lokk!</q>
<qau>Walpole.</qau>
<q>No little <qex>scrub</qex> joint shall come on my board.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<cs><col>Scrub game</col>, <cd>a game, as of ball, by unpracticed
players.</cd> -- <col>Scrub race</col>, <cd>a race between
scrubs, or between untrained animals or contestants.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scrub"bed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dwarfed or
stunted; scrubby.</def>
<hw>Scrub"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, scrubs; esp., a brush used in
scrubbing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gas Manuf.)</fld> <def>A gas washer. See under
<er>Gas</er>.</def>
<hw>Scrub"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
baseboard; a mopboard.</def>
<hw>Scrub"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Scrubbier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Scrubbiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Of the
nature of scrub; small and mean; stunted in growth; <as>as, a
<ex>scrubby</ex> cur</as>.</def> \'bdDense, <xex>scrubby</xex>
woods.\'b8
<au>Duke of Argull.</au>
<hw>Scrub"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A species
of calciferous sandstone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scruff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Scurf</er>.]</ety> <def>Scurf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scruff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Scuff</er>.]</ety>
<def>The nape of the neck; the loose outside skin, as of the back
of the neck.</def>
<hw>Scrum"mage</hw> <pr>(?; 43)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scrimmage</er>.</def>
<hw>Scrump"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nice;
particular; fastidious; excellent; fine.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<hw>Scrunch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scranch</er>, <er>Crunch</er>.]</ety> <def>To scranch; to
crunch.</def>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<hw>Scru"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scrupulus</ets> a small sharp or pointed stone, the
twenty-fourth part of an ounce, a scruple, uneasiness, doubt,
dim. of <ets>scrupus</ets> a rough or sharp stone, anxiety,
uneasiness; perh. akin to Gr. <?/ the chippings of stone, <?/ a
razor, Skr. <ets>kshura</ets>: cf. F. <ets>scrupule</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A weight of twenty grains; the third part of a
dram.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a very small quantity; a particle.</def>
<q>I will not bate thee a <qex>scruple</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hesitation as to action from the difficulty of
determining what is right or expedient; unwillingness, doubt, or
hesitation proceeding from motives of conscience.</def>
<q>He was made miserable by the conflict between his tastes and
his <qex>scruples</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<cs><col>To make scruple</col>, <cd>to hesitate from
conscientious motives; to scruple.</cd> <qau>Locke.</qau></cs>
<hw>Scru"ple</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scrupled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Skrupling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To be
reluctant or to hesitate, as regards an action, on account of
considerations of conscience or expedience.</def>
<q>We are often over-precise, scrupling to say or do those things
which lawfully we may.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<q>Men <qex>scruple</qex> at the lawfulness of a set form of
divine worship.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Scru"ple</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To regard
with suspicion; to hesitate at; to question.</def>
<q>Others long before them . . . <qex>scrupled</qex> more the
books of hereties than of gentiles.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To excite scruples in; to cause to
scruple.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Letters which did still <qex>scruple</qex> many of them.</q>
<qau>E. Symmons.</qau>
<hw>Scru"pler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
scruples.</def>
<hw>Scru"pu*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
scrupler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scru"ou-lize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
perplex with scruples; to regard with scruples.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>
<-- p. 1294 -->
<hw>Scru`pu*los"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scrupulositas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of
being scruppulous; doubt; doubtfulness respecting decision or
action; caution or tenderness from the far of doing wrong or
ofending; nice regard to exactness and propierty;
precision.</def>
<q>The first sacrilege is looked on with horror; but when they
have made the breach, their <qex>scrupulosity</qex> soon
retires.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>
<q>Careful, even to <qex>scrupulosity</qex>, . . . to keep their
Sabbath.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Scru"pu*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scrupulosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>scrupuleux</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Full ofscrupules; inclined to scruple; nicely
doubtful; hesitating to determine or to act, from a fear of
offending or of doing wrong.</def>
<q>Abusing their liberty, to the offense of their weak brethren
which were <qex>scrupulous</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Careful; cautious; exact; nice; <as>as,
<ex>scrupulous</ex> abstinence from labor; <ex>scrupulous</ex>
performance of duties</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Given to making objections; captious.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Equality of two domestic powers
Breed <qex>scrupulous</qex> faction.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Liable to be doubted; doubtful; nice.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The justice of that cause ought to be evident; not obscrure,
not <qex>scrupulous</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Cautious; careful; conscientious; hesitating.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Scru"pu*lous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Scru"pu*lous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Scru"ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Discoverable by scrutiny, inquiry, or critical
examination.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>r. H. More.</au>
<hw>Scru*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scrutatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Search; scrutiny.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Scru*ta"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who scrutinizes; a close examiner or
inquirer.</def>
<au>Ayliffe.</au>
<hw>Scru`ti*neer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
scrutinizer; specifically, an examiner of votes, as at an
election.</def>
<hw>Scru"ti*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scrutinized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Scrutinizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Scrutiny</er>.]</ety>
<def>To examine closely; to inspect or observe with critical
attention; to regard narrowly; <as>as, to <ex>scrutinize</ex> the
measures of administration; to <ex>scrutinize</ex> the conduct or
motives of individuals</as>.</def>
<q>Whose votes they were obliged to <qex>scrutinize</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>
<q>Th<?/se pronounced him youmgeat who <qex>scrutinized</qex> his
face the closest.</q>
<qau>G. W. Cable.</qau>
<hw>Scru"ti*nize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make
scrutiny.</def>
<hw>Scru"ti*ni`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
scrutinizes.</def>
<hw>Scru"ti*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Closely
examining, or inquiring; careful; sctrict.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Scru"ti*nous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Scru"ti*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scrutinium</ets>, fr. <ets>scrutari</ets> to search
carefuly, originally, to search even to the rags, fr.
<ets>scruta</ets> trash, trumpery; perhaps akin to E.
<ets>shred</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>scrudnian</ets> to make
scrutiny.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Close examination; minute
inspection; critical observation.</def>
<q>They that have designed exactness and deep <qex>scrutiny</qex>
have taken some one part of nature.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>
<q>Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view
And narrower <qex>scrutiny</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anc. Church)</fld> <def>An examination of
catechumens, in the last week of Lent, who were to receive
baptism on Easter Day.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Canon Law)</fld> <def>A ticket, or little paper
billet, on which a vote is written.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld> <def>An
examination by a committee of the votes given at an election, for
the purpose of correcting the poll.</def>
<au>Brande & C.</au>
<hw>Scru"ti*ny</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To scrutinize.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scru*toire"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>escritoire</ets>. See <er>Escritoire</er>.]</ety> <def>A
escritoire; a writing desk.</def>
<hw>Scruze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Excruciate</er>.]</ety> <def>To squeeze, compress, crush, or
bruise.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Low]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Scry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
descry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Scry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Scry</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>A flock of wild fowl.</def>
<hw>Scry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ascrie</ets>, fr.
<ets>ascrien</ets> to cry out, fr. OF. <ets>escrier</ets>, F.
<ets>s'\'82crier</ets>. See <er>Ex</er>-, and
<er>Cry</er>.]</ety> <def>A cry or shout.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ld. Berners.</au>
<hw>Scud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scudded</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Scudding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dan.
<ets>skyde</ets> to shoot, shove, push, akin to <ets>skud</ets>
shot, gunshot, a shoot, young bough, and to E. <ets>shoot</ets>.
<root/159. See <er>Shoot</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move
swiftly; especially, to move as if driven forward by
something.</def>
<q>The first nautilus that <qex>scudded</qex> upon the glassy
surface of warm primeval oceans.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>
<q>The wind was high; the vast white clouds <qex>scudded</qex>
over the blue heaven.</q>
<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To be driven swiftly, or to
run, before a gale, with little or no sail spread.</def>
<hw>Scud</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pass over quickly.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shenstone.</au>
<hw>Scud</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
scudding; a driving along; a rushing with precipitation.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Loose, vapory clouds driven swiftly by the
wind.</def>
<q>Borne on the <qex>scud</qex> of the sea.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<q>The <qex>scud</qex> was flying fast above us, throwing a veil
over the moon.</q>
<qau>Sir S. Baker.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A slight, sudden shower.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Wright.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small flight of larks,
or other birds, less than a flock.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any swimming amphipod
crustacean.</def>
<cs><col>Storm scud</col>. <cd>See the Note under
<er>Cloud</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scud"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Freq. of
<ets>scud</ets>: cf. <er>Scuttle</er> to hurry.]</ety> <def>To
run hastily; to hurry; to scuttle.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scu"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scudi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It., a crown, a
dollar, a shield, fr. L. <ets>scutum a shield</ets>. Cf.
<er>Scute</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
silver coin, and money of account, used in Italy and Sicily,
varying in value, in different parts, but worth about 4 shillings
sterling, or about 96 cents; also, a gold coin worth about the
same.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A gold coin of Rome, worth 64
shillings 11 pence sterling, or about $ 15.70.</def>
<hw>Scuff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>schoft</ets> shoulder, Goth. <ets>skuft</ets> hair of the
head. Cf. <er>Scruff</er>.]</ety> <def>The back part of the neck;
the scruff.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>
<hw>Scuff</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scuffed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scuffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Scuffle</er>.]</ety> <def>To walk without lifting the feet;
to proceed with a scraping or dragging movement; to
shuffle.</def>
<hw>Scuf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scuffled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Scuffling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>scuff</ets>, v.i.;
cf. Sw. <ets>skuffa</ets> to push, shove, <ets>skuff</ets> a
push, Dan. <ets>skuffe</ets> a drawer, a shovel, and E.
<ets>shuffle</ets>, <ets>shove</ets>. See <er>Shove</er>, and cf.
<er>Shuffle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strive or struggle
with a close grapple; to wrestle in a rough fashion.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to strive or contend tumultuously; to
struggle confusedly or at haphazard.</def>
<q>A gallant man had rather fight to great disadvantage in the
field, in an orderly way, than <qex>scuffle</qex> with an
undisciplined rabble.</q>
<qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau>
<hw>Scuf"fle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rough,
haphazard struggle, or trial of strength; a disorderly wrestling
at close quarters.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a confused contest; a tumultuous struggle
for superiority; a fight.</def>
<q>The dog leaps upon the serpent, and tears it to pieces; but in
the <qex>scuffle</qex> the cradle happened to be overturned.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A child's pinafore or bib.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A garden hoe.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Scuf"fler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who scuffles.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An agricultural implement resembling a
scarifier, but usually lighter.</def>
<hw>Scug</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.
<ets>skugge</ets> to darken, a shade, SW. <ets>skugga</ets> to
shade, a shade, Icel. <ets>skuggja</ets> to shade,
<ets>skuggi</ets> a shade.]</ety> <def>To hide.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Scug</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place of shelter; the
declivity of a hill.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sculk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sculk"er</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>. <def>See <er>Skulk</er>,
<er>Skulker</er>.</def>
<hw>Scull</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>The skull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scull</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st
<er>School</er>.]</ety> <def>A shoal of fish.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Scull</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of uncertain origin; cf.
Icel. <ets>skola</ets> to wash.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A boat; a cockboat. See
<er>Sculler</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a pair of short
oars worked by one person.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A single oar
used at the stern in propelling a boat.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common skua
gull.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scull</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sculled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sculling</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>To impel (a boat) with a pair of sculls, or with a single
scull or oar worked over the stern obliquely from side to
side.</def>
<hw>Scull</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To impel a boat with a
scull or sculls.</def>
<hw>Scull"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
boat rowed by one man with two sculls, or short oars.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who sculls.</def>
<hw>Scul"ler*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sculleries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Probably
originally, a place for washing dishes, and for
<ets>swillery</ets>, fr. OE. <ets>swilen</ets> to wash, AS.
<ets>swilian</ets> (see <er>Swill</er> to wash, to drink), but
influenced either by Icel. <ets>skola</ets>, <ets>skyla</ets>,
Dan. <ets>skylle</ets>, or by OF. <ets>escuelier</ets> a place
for keeping dishes, fr. <ets>escuele</ets> a dish, F.
<ets>\'82cuelle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>scutella</ets> a salver,
waiter (cf. <er>Scuttle</er> a basket); or perhaps the English
word is immediately from the OF. <ets>escuelier</ets>; cf. OE.
<ets>squyllare</ets> a dishwasher.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
place where dishes, kettles, and culinary utensils, are cleaned
and kept; also, a room attached to the kitchen, where the coarse
work is done; a back kitchen.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, refuse; fifth; offal.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>auden.</au>
<hw>Scul"lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A scalion.</def>
<hw>Scul"lion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>escouillon</ets>
(Cot.) a dishclout, apparently for <ets>escouvillon</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82couvillon</ets> a swab; cf. also OF. <ets>souillon</ets>
a servant employed for base offices. Cf. <er>Scovel</er>.]</ety>
<def>A servant who cleans pots and kettles, and does other menial
services in the kitchen.</def>
<q>The meanest <qex>scullion</qex> that followed his camp.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Scul"lion*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a scullion;
base.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sculp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sculptor</er>.]</ety> <def>To sculpture; to carve; to
engrave.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Humorous.]</mark>
<au>Sandys.</au>
<hw>Scul"pin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Written also
<ets>skulpin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>Any one of numerous species of marine cottoid fishes of the
genus <spn>Cottus</spn>, or <spn>Acanthocottus</spn>, having a
large head armed with sharp spines, and a broad mouth. They are
generally mottled with yellow, brown, and black. Several species
are found on the Atlantic coasts of Europe and America.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large cottoid market fish of California
(<spn>Scorp\'91nichthys marmoratus</spn>); -- called also
<altname>bighead</altname>, <altname>cabezon</altname>,
<altname>scorpion</altname>, <altname>salpa</altname>.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The dragonet, or yellow sculpin, of Europe
(<spn>Callionymus lura</spn>).</def>
<note><hand/ The name is also applied to other related California
species.</note>
<cs><col>Deep-water sculpin</col>, <cd>the sea raven.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sculp"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sculptilis</ets>. See <ets>Sculptor</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Formed by carving; graven; <as>as, <ex>sculptile</ex>
images</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sculp"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sculptor</ets>, fr. <ets>sculpere</ets>,
<ets>sculptum</ets>, to carve; cf. <ets>scalpere</ets> to cut,
carve, scratch, and Gr. <?/ to carve: cf. F.
<ets>sculpteur</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who sculptures;
one whose occupation is to carve statues, or works of
sculpture.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, an artist who designs works of sculpture,
his first studies and his finished model being usually in a
plastic material, from which model the marble is cut, or the
bronze is cast.</def>
<hw>Sculp"tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female
sculptor.</def>
<hw>Sculp"tur*al</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to sculpture.</def>
<au>G. Eliot.</au>
<hw>Sculp"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sculptura</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sculpture</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The art of carving, cutting, or hewing wood,
stone, metal, etc., into statues, ornaments, etc., or into
figures, as of men, or other things; hence, the art of producing
figures and groups, whether in plastic or hard materials.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Carved work modeled of, or cut upon, wood,
stone, metal, etc.</def>
<q>There, too, in living <qex>sculpture</qex>, might be seen
The mad affection of the Cretan queen.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sculp"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sculptured</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sculpturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form with the chisel
on, in, or from, wood, stone, or metal; to carve; to
engrave.</def>
<cs><col>Sculptured tortoise</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
common North American wood tortoise (<spn>Glyptemys
insculpta</spn>). The shell is marked with strong grooving and
ridges which resemble sculptured figures.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sculp`tur*esque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>After
the manner of sculpture; resembling, or relating to,
sculpture.</def>
<hw>Scum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Scand. origin;
cf. Dan. & Sw. <ets>skum</ets>, Icel. <ets>sk<?/m</ets>, LG.
<ets>schum</ets>, D. <ets>schuim</ets>, OHG. <ets>sc<?/m</ets>,
G. <ets>schaum</ets>; probably from a root meaning, to cover.
<root/158. Cf. <er>Hide</er> skin, <er>Meerschaum</er>,
<er>Skim</er>, <pos>v.</pos>, <er>Sky</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The extraneous matter or impurities which rise
to the surface of liquids in boiling or fermentation, or which
form on the surface by other means; also, the scoria of metals in
a molten state; dross.</def>
<q>Some to remove the <qex>scum</qex> it did rise.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>refuse; recrement; anything vile or
worthless.</def>
<q>The great and innocent are insulted by the <qex>scum</qex> and
refuse of the people.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Scum</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scummed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scumming</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To take the scum from; to clear off the impure matter from
the surface of; to skim.</def>
<q>You that <qex>scum</qex> the molten lead.</q>
<qau>Dryden & Lee.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sweep or range over the surface of.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Wandering up and down without certain seat, they lived by
<qex>scumming</qex> those seas and shores as pirates.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Scum</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form a scum; to become
covered with scum. Also used figuratively.</def>
<q>Life, and the interest of life, have stagnated and
<qex>scummed</qex> over.</q>
<qau>A. K. H. Boyd.</qau>
<hw>Scum"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Discumber</er>.]</ety> <def>To void excrement.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Massinger.</au>
<hw>Scum"ber</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Dung.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scum"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scumbled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Scumbling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>scum</ets>. <root/
158.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>To cover lighty, as a
painting, or a drawing, with a thin wash of opaque color, or with
color-crayon dust rubbed on with the stump, or to make any
similar additions to the work, so as to produce a softened
effect.</def>
<hw>Scum"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mode of obtaining a
softened effect, in painting and drawing, by the application of a
thin layer of opaque color to the surface of a painting, or part
of the surface, which is too bright in color, or which requires
harmonizing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In crayon drawing, the use
of the stump.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The color so laid on. Also used
figuratively.</def>
<q>Shining above the brown <qex>scumbling</qex> of leafless
orchards.</q>
<qau>L. Wallace.</qau>
<hw>Scum"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
scumber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Scum"mer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Excrement; scumber.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scum"mer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>escumoire</ets>, F. <ets>\'82cumoire</ets>. See
<er>Scum</er>, and cf. <er>Skimmer</er>.]</ety> <def>An
instrument for taking off scum; a skimmer.</def>
<hw>Scum"ming</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The act of taking off scum.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That
which is scummed off; skimmings; scum; -- used chiefly in the
plural.</def>
<hw>Scum"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with
scum; of the nature of scum.</def>
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<hw>Scun"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Shun</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to loathe, or feel disgust
at.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scun"ner</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To have a feeling of
loathing or disgust; hence, to have dislike, prejudice, or
reluctance.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>C. Kingsley.</au>
<hw>Scun"ner</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A feeling of disgust or
loathing; a strong prejudice; abhorrence; <as>as, to take a
<ex>scunner</ex> against some one</as>.</def> <mark>[Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Carlyle.</au>
<hw>Scup</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>schop</ets>.]</ety> <def>A swing.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scup</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. fr. American Indian
<ets>mishc\'97p</ets>, fr. <ets>mishe-kuppi</ets> large,
thick-scaled.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine sparoid
food fish (<spn>Stenotomus chrysops</spn>, or <spn>S.
argyrops</spn>), common on the Atlantic coast of the United
States. It appears bright silvery when swimming in the daytime,
but shows broad blackish transverse bands at night and when dead.
Called also <altname>porgee</altname>, <altname>paugy</altname>,
<altname>porgy</altname>, <altname>scuppaug</altname>.</def>
<note><hand/ The same names are also applied to a closely allied
Southern species. (<spn>Stenotomus Gardeni</spn>).</note>
<hw>Scup"paug</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. fr.
Amer. Indian <ets>mishcuppauog</ets>, pl. of
<ets>mishcup</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See 2d
<er>Scup</er>.</def>
<hw>Scup"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>escopir</ets>, <ets>escupir</ets>, to spit, perhaps for
<ets>escospir</ets>, L. <ets>ex + conspuere</ets> to spit upon;
pref. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>spuere</ets> to spit. Cf.
<er>Spit</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An
opening cut through the waterway and bulwarks of a ship, so that
water falling on deck may flow overboard; -- called also
<altname>scupper hole</altname>.</def>
<-- p. 1295 -->
<cs><col>Scupper hose</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a pipe of
leather, canvas, etc., attached to the mouth of the scuppers, on
the outside of a vessel, to prevent the water from entering.</cd>
<au>Totten.</au> -- <col>Scupper nail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>a nail with a very broad head, for securing the edge of the
hose to the scupper.</cd> -- <col>Scupper plug</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a plug to stop a scupper.</cd>
<au>Totten.</au></cs>
<hw>Scup"per*nong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably
of American Indian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An
American grape, a form of <spn>Vitis vulpina</spn>, found in the
Southern Atlantic States, and often cultivated.</def>
<hw>Scur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scour</er> to run.]</ety> <def>To move hastily; to
scour.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Scurf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scurf</ets>, <ets>sceorf</ets>, or from Scand.; cf. Sw.
<ets>skorf</ets>, Dan. <ets>skurv</ets>, Icel.
<ets>skurfur</ets>, D. <ets>schurft</ets>, G. <ets>schorf</ets>;
all akin to AS. <ets>scurf</ets>, and to AS. <ets>sceorfan</ets>
to scrape, to gnaw, G. <ets>sch\'81rfen</ets> to scrape, and
probably also to E. <ets>scrape</ets>. Cf.
<er>Scurvy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Thin dry scales or scabs
upon the body; especially, thin scales exfoliated from the
cuticle, particularly of the scalp; dandruff.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, the foul remains of anything
adherent.</def>
<q>The <qex>scurf</qex> is worn away of each committed crime.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything like flakes or scales adhering to a
surface.</def>
<q>There stood a hill not far, whose grisly top
Belched fire and rolling smoke; the rest entire
Shone with a glossy <qex>scurf</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Minute membranous scales on
the surface of some leaves, as in the goosefoot.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Scurff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The bull
trout.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scurf"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Quality or
state of being scurfy.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Scurf.</def>
<hw>Scurf"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Scurfier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Scurfiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Having
or producing scurf; covered with scurf; resembling scurf.</def>
<hw>Scur"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
scurries.</def>
<hw>Scur"rile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scurrilis</ets>, fr. <ets>scurra</ets> a bufoon, jester: cf.
F. <ets>scurrile</ets>.]</ety> <def>Such as befits a buffoon or
vulgar jester; grossly opprobrious or loudly jocose in language;
scurrilous; <as>as, <ex>scurrile</ex> taunts</as>.</def>
<q>The wretched affectation of <qex>scurrile</qex> laughter.</q>
<qau>Cowley.</qau>
<q>A <qex>scurrile</qex> or obscene jest will better advance you
at the court of Charles than father's ancient name.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Scur*ril"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scurrilitas</ets>: cf. F.<ets>scurrilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being scurrile or
scurrilous; mean, vile, or obscene jocularity.</def>
<q>Your reasons . . . have been sharp and sententious, pleasant
without <qex>scurrility</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is scurrile or scurrilous; gross or
obscene language; low buffoonery; vulgar abuse.</def>
<q>Interrupting prayers and sermons with clamor and
<qex>scurrility</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Scurrilousness; abuse; insolence; vulgarity;
indecency.</syn>
<hw>Scur"ril*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<ets>Scurrile</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Using the low and
indecent language of the meaner sort of people, or such as only
the license of buffoons can warrant; <as>as, a
<ex>scurrilous</ex> fellow</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Containing low indecency or abuse; mean; foul;
vile; obscenely jocular; <as>as, <ex>scurrilous</ex>
language</as>.</def>
<q>The absurd and <qex>scurrilous</qex> sermon which had very
unwisely been honored with impeachment.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Opprobrious; abusive; reproachful; insulting;
insolent; offensive; gross; vile; vulgar; low; foul;
foul-mounthed; indecent; scurrile; mean.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Scur"ril*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Scur"ril*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Scur"rit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>the lesser tern (<spn>Sterna
minuta</spn>).</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Scur"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scur</er>, <er>Skirr</er>.]</ety> <def>To hasten away or
along; to move rapidly; to hurry; <as>as, the rabbit
<ex>scurried</ex> away</as>.</def>
<hw>Scur"ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of scurring; hurried
movement.</def>
<hw>Scur"vi*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
scurvy manner.</def>
<hw>Scur"vi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being scurvy; vileness; meanness.</def>
<hw>Scur"vy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Scurvier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Scurviest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Scurf</er>; cf. <er>Scurvy</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Covered or affected with scurf or scabs; scabby;
scurfy; specifically, diseased with the scurvy.</def>
\'bdWhatsoever man . . . be <xex>scurvy</xex> or scabbed.\'b8
<au>lev. xxi. 18, 20.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Vile; mean; low; vulgar; contemptible.</def>
\'bdA <xex>scurvy</xex> trick.\'b8
<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>
<q>That <qex>scurvy</qex> custom of taking tobacco.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<q>[He] spoke spoke such <qex>scurvy</qex> and provoking
terms.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Scur"vy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably from the same
source as <ets>scirbute</ets>, but influenced by
<ets>scurf</ets>, <ets>scurfy</ets>, <ets>scurvy</ets>, adj.; cf.
D. <ets>scheurbuik</ets> scurvy, G. <ets>scharbock</ets>, LL.
<ets>scorbutus</ets>. Cf. <er>Scorbute</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease characterized by livid spots,
especially about the thighs and legs, due to extravasation of
blood, and by spongy gums, and bleeding from almost all the
mucous membranes. It is accompanied by paleness, languor,
depression, and general debility. It is occasioned by
confinement, innutritious food, and hard labor, but especially by
lack of fresh vegetable food, or confinement for a long time to a
limited range of food, which is incapable of repairing the waste
of the system. It was formerly prevalent among sailors and
soldiers.</def><-- caused by lack of vitamin C -->
<cs><col>Scurvy grass</col> <ety>[<ets>Scurvy<ets> +
<ets>grass<ets>; or cf. Icel. <ets>skarfa<ets>k\'bel <ets>scurvy
grass<ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A kind of cress
(<spn>Cochlearia officinalis</spn>) growing along the seacoast of
Northern Europe and in arctic regions. It is a remedy for the
scurvy, and has proved a valuable food to arctic explorers. The
name is given also to other allied species of plants.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>skott</ets> a fox's tail. <root/ 159.]</ety>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>The tail of a hare, or of a deer, or
other animal whose tail is short, sp. when carried erect; hence,
sometimes, the animal itself.</def> \'bdHe ran like a
<xex>scut</xex>.\'b8
<au>Skelton.</au>
<q>How the Indian hare came to have a long tail, wheras that part
in others attains no higher than a <qex>scut</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<q>My doe with the black <qex>scut</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Scu"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scutum</er>.</def>
<hw>Scu"tage</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>scutagium</ets>, from L. <ets>scutum</ets> a shield.]</ety>
<fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>Shield money; commutation of service
for a sum of money. See <er>Escuage</er>.</def>
<hw>Scu"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a shield.</def>
<q>A good example of these <qex>scutal</qex> monstrosities.</q>
<qau>Cussans.</qau>
<hw>Scu"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scutatus</ets> armed with a shield, from <ets>scutum</ets> a
shield.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Buckler-shaped; round or nearly
round.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Protected or covered by
bony or horny plates, or large scales.</def>
<hw>Scutch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Scutched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Scutching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Scotch</er> to cut
slightly.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat or whip; to drub.</def>
<mark>[Old or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To separate the woody fiber from (flax, hemp,
etc.) by beating; to swingle.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To loosen and dress the fiber of (cotton or
silk) by beating; to free (fibrous substances) from dust by
beating and blowing.</def>
<cs><col>Scutching machine</col>, <cd>a machine used to scutch
cotton, silk, or flax; -- called also <altname>batting
machine</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scutch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A wooden
instrument used in scutching flax and hemp.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The woody fiber of flax; the refuse of scutched
flax.</def> \'bdThe smoke of the burning <xex>scutch</xex>.\'b8
<au>Cuthbert Bede.</au>
<hw>Scutch"eon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Aphetic
form of <ets>escutcheon</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
escutcheon; an emblazoned shield.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<q>The corpse lay in state, with all the pomp of
<qex>scutcheons</qex>, wax lights, black hangings, and mutes.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small plate of metal, as the shield around a
keyhole. See <er>Escutcheon</er>, 4.</def>
<hw>Scutch"eoned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Emblazoned
on or as a shield.</def>
<q><qex>Scutcheoned</qex> panes in cloisters old.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<hw>Scutch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who scutches.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An implement or machine for scutching hemp,
flax, or cotton; etc.; a scutch; a scutching machine.</def>
<hw>Scutch" grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
kind of pasture grass (<spn>Cynodon Dactylon</spn>). See
<er>Bermuda grass</er>: also <xex>Illustration</xex> in
Appendix.</def>
<hw>Scute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scutum</ets> a shield, a buckler. See <er>Scudo</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small shield.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Skelton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An old French gold coin of the value of 3s. 4d.
sterling, or about 80 cents.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bony scale of a reptile
or fish; a large horny scale on the leg of a bird, or on the
belly of a snake.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scu*tel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scutellum</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scu*tel"la</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scutelle</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fem. dim. of
L. <ets>scutum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Scutellum</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Scu"tel*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Scu"tel*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>scutella</ets> a dish, salver. Cf. <er>Scuttle</er>
a basket.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Formed
like a plate or salver; composed of platelike surfaces; <as>as,
the <ex>scutellated</ex> bone of a sturgeon</as>.</def>
<au>Woodward.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Scutellum</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the tarsi covered with broad
transverse scales, or scutella; -- said of certain birds.</def>
<hw>Scu`tel*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>the entire covering, or mode of
arrangement, of scales, as on the legs and feet of a bird.</def>
<hw>Scu*tel"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scutella</ets> a dish + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Scutellate.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a
scutellum.</def>
<hw>Scu*tel`li*plan"tar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scutellus</ets> a shield + <ets>planta</ets> foot.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having broad scutella on the front,
and small scales on the posterior side, of the tarsus; -- said of
certain birds.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scu*tel"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scutella</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., neut. dim. of
L. <ets>scutum</ets> a shield.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rounded apothecium having an elevated
rim formed of the proper thallus, the fructification of certain
lichens.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The third of
the four pieces forming the upper part of a thoracic segment of
an insect. It follows the scutum, and is followed by the small
postscutellum; a scutella. See <er>Thorax</er>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the transverse scales on the tarsi and
toes of birds; a scutella.</def>
<hw>Scu"ti*branch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Scutibranchiate.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the Scutibranchiata.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Scu`ti*bran"chi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Scutibranchiata</er>.</def>
<hw>Scu`ti*bran"chi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Scutibranchiata.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scu`ti*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Scutum</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of gastropod Mollusca having
a heart with two auricles and one ventricle. The shell may be
either spiral or shieldlike.</def>
<note><hand/ It is now usually regarded as including only the
Rhipidoglossa and the Docoglossa. When originally established, it
included a heterogenous group of mollusks having shieldlike
shells, such as Haliotis, Fissurella, Carinaria, etc.</note>
<hw>Scu`ti*bran"chi*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the gills protected by a
shieldlike shell; of or pertaining to the Scutibranchiata.</def>
-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
Scutibranchiata.</def></def2>
<hw>Scu*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scutum</ets> shield + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Carrying a shield or buckler.</def>
<hw>Scu"ti*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scutum</ets> shield + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>scutiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shield-shaped; scutate.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scu"ti*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. L. <ets>scutum</ets> shield + <ets>gerere</ets> to
bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of chilopod
myriapods of the genus <spn>Scutigera</spn>. They sometimes enter
buildings and prey upon insects.</def>
<hw>Scu"ti*ped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scutum</ets> a shield + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a
foot: cf. F. <ets>scutip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the anterior surface of the
tarsus covered with scutella, or transverse scales, in the form
of incomplete bands terminating at a groove on each side; -- said
of certain birds.</def>
<hw>Scut"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scutel</ets> a dish, platter; cf. Icel. <ets>skutill</ets>;
both fr. L. <ets>scutella</ets>, dim. of <ets>scutra</ets>,
<ets>scuta</ets>, a dish or platter; cf. <ets>scutum</ets> a
shield. Cf. <er>Skillet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A broad,
shallow basket.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wide-mouthed vessel for holding coal: a coal
hod.</def>
<hw>Scut"tle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>scuddle</ets>,
fr. <ets>scud</ets>.]</ety> <def>To run with affected
precipitation; to hurry; to bustle; to scuddle.</def>
<q>With the first dawn of day, old Janet was <qex>scuttling</qex>
about the house to wake the baron.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Scut"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A quick pace; a short
run.</def>
<au>Spectator.</au>
<hw>Scut"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>escoutille</ets>, F. <ets>\'82scoutille</ets>, cf. Sp.
<ets>escotilla</ets>; probably akin to Sp. <ets>escoter</ets> to
cut a thing so as to make it fit, to hollow a garment about the
neck, perhaps originally, to cut a bosom-shaped piece out, and of
Teutonic origin; cf. D. <ets>schoot</ets> lap, bosom, G.
<ets>schoss</ets>, Goth. <ets>skauts</ets> the hem of a garnment.
Cf. <er>Sheet</er> an expanse.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small
opening in an outside wall or covering, furnished with a
lid.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A
small opening or hatchway in the deck of a ship, large enough to
admit a man, and with a lid for covering it, also, a like hole in
the side or bottom of a ship</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An opening
in the roof of a house, with a lid.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The lid or door which covers or closes an
opening in a roof, wall, or the like.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Scuttle butt</col>, <or/ <col>Scuttle
cask</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a butt or cask with a
large hole in it, used to contain the fresh water for daily use
in a ship.</cd></cs><-- se scuttlebutt -->
<au>Totten.</au>
<hw>Scut"tle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Scuttled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Scuttling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut
a hole or holes through the bottom, deck, or sides of (as of a
ship), for any purpose.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sink by making holes through the bottom of;
<as>as, to <ex>scuttle</ex> a ship</as>.</def>
<-- Scuttlebutt. 1. scuttle butt. 2. A drinking fountain on
boards a ship or at a naval station. 3. The latest gossip;
rumors. -->
<hw>\'d8Scu"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scuta</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An oblong shield made of boards or
wickerwork covered with leather, with sometimes an iron rim; --
carried chiefly by the heavy-armed infantry.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A penthouse or
awning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Burrill.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The second
and largest of the four parts forming the upper surface of a
thoracic segment of an insect. It is preceded by the prescutum
and followed by the scutellum. See the <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Thorax</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the two lower
valves of the operculum of a barnacle.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scyb"a*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/ dung.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hardened masses
of feces.</def>
<hw>Scye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Arm scye, a
cutter's term for the armhole or part of the armhole of the waist
of a garnment.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>
<hw>Scyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scylan</ets> to withdraw or remowe.]</ety> <def>To hide; to
secrete; to conceal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Scyl"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dangerous
rock on the Italian coast opposite the whirpool Charybdis on the
coast of Sicily, -- both personified in classical literature as
ravenous monsters. The passage between them was formerly
considered perilous; hence, the saying \'bdBetween Scylla and
Charybdis,\'b8 signifying a great peril on either hand.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scyl*l\'91"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Scylla</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of
oceanic nudibranchiate mollusks having the small branched gills
situated on the upper side of four fleshy lateral lobes, and on
the median caudal crest.</def>
<note><hand/ In color and form these mollusks closely imitate the
fronds of sargassum and other floathing seaweeds among which they
live.</note>
<hw>Scyl*la"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a family
(<spn>Scyllarid\'91</spn>) of macruran Crustacea, remarkable for
the depressed form of the body, and the broad, flat antenn\'91.
Also used adjectively.</def>
<hw>Scyl"lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A white crystalline substance of a sweetish taste,
resembling inosite and metameric with dextrose. It is extracted
from the kidney of the dogfish (of the genus <spn>Scylium</spn>),
the shark, and the skate.</def>
<hw>Scym"e*tar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scimiter</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scy"pha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scyphae</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Scyphus</er>, 2
<sd>(b)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Scy"phi*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scyphus</ets> a cup + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Cup-shaped.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scy*phis"to*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scyphistomata</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <plw>Scyphistom\'91</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a cup + <?/ the
mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The young attached larva
of Discophora in the stage when it resembles a hydroid, or
actinian.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scy`pho*bran"chi*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a cup + <?/ a gill.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes including the
blennioid and gobioid fishes, and other related families.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scy`pho*me*du"se</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cup + NL. <ets>medusa</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Acraspeda</er>, or
<er>Discophora</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scy*phoph"o*ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a cup + <?/ to bear.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fresh-water fishes
inhabiting tropical Africa. They have rudimentary electrical
organs on each side of the tail.</def>
<hw>Scy"phus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scyphi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a cup, Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A kind of large
drinking cup, -- used by Greeks and Romans, esp. by poor
folk.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cup of a
narcissus, or a similar appendage to the corolla in other
flowers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cup-shaped stem or podetium in
lichens. Also called <altname>scypha</altname>. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <cref>Cladonia pyxidata</cref>, under
<er>Lichen</er>.</def>
<hw>Scythe</hw> <pr>(s<imac/th)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sithe</ets>, AS. s\'c6\'ebe, <ets>sig\'ebe</ets>; akin to
Icel. <ets>sig\'ebr</ets> a sickle, LG. <ets>segd</ets>,
<ets>seged</ets>, <ets>seed</ets>, <ets>seid</ets>, OHG.
<ets>segansa</ets> sickle, scythe, G. <ets>sense</ets> scythe,
and to E. <ets>saw</ets> a cutting instrument. See
<er>Saw</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>sithe</asp> and
<asp>sythe</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument for
mowing grass, grain, or the like, by hand, composed of a long,
curving blade, with a sharp edge, made fast to a long handle,
called a <xex>snath</xex>, which is bent into a form convenient
for use.</def>
<q>The sharp-edged <qex>scythe</qex> shears up the spiring
grass.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The <qex>scythe</qex> of Time mows down.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A scythe-shaped blade
attached to ancient war chariots.</def>
<-- p. 1296 -->
<hw>Scythe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut with a
scythe; to cut off as with a scythe; to mow.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Time had not <qex>scythed</qex> all that youth begun.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Scythed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Armed scythes,
as a chariot.</def>
<q>Chariots <qex>scythed</qex>,
On thundering axles rolled.</q>
<qau>Glover.</qau>
<hw>Scythe"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Scythemen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who uses a
scythe; a mower.</def>
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<hw>Scythe"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stone
for sharpening scythes; a whetstone.</def>
<hw>Scythe"whet`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Wilson's thrush; -- so called from its
note.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Scyth"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Scythia (a name given to the northern part of Asia,
and Europe adjoining to Asia), or its language or
inhabitants.</def>
<cs><col>Scythian lamb</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Barometz</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Scyth"i*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native or
inhabitant of Scythia; specifically <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, one of
a Slavonic race which in early times occupied Eastern
Europe.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The language of the Scythians.</def>
<hw>\'d8Scy`to*der"ma*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a hide + <?/ a skin.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Holothurioidea</er>.</def>
<hw>Sdan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. & n.</pos>
<def>Disdain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>'Sdeath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted
fr. <ets>God's death</ets>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation expressive
of impatience or anger.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sdeign</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
disdain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>But either <qex>sdeigns</qex> with other to partake.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Sea</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>see</ets>, AS. <ets>s<aemac/</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>zee</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>s<emac/o</ets>, G.
<ets>see</ets>, OFries. <ets>se</ets>, Dan. <ets>s\'94</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sj\'94</ets>, Icel. <ets>s\'91r</ets>, Goth.
<ets>saiws</ets>, and perhaps to L. <ets>saevus</ets> firce,
savage. <root/ 151 a.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the larger
bodies of salt water, less than an ocean, found on the earth's
surface; a body of salt water of second rank, generally forming
part of, or connecting with, an ocean or a larger sea; <as>as,
the Mediterranean <ex>Sea</ex>; the <ex>Sea</ex> of Marmora; the
North <ex>Sea</ex>; the Carribean <ex>Sea</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inland body of water, esp. if large or if
salt or brackish; <as>as, the Caspian <ex>Sea</ex>; <ex>the
Sea</ex> of Aral</as>; sometimes, a small fresh-water lake;
<as>as, the <ex>Sea</ex> of Galilee</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The ocean; the whole body of the salt water
which covers a large part of the globe.</def>
<q>I marvel how the fishes live in the <qex>sea</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Ambiguous between <qex>sea</qex> and land
The river horse and scaly crocodile.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The swell of the ocean or other body of water in
a high wind; motion of the water's surface; also, a single wave;
a billow; <as>as, there was a high <ex>sea</ex> after the storm;
the vessel shipped a <ex>sea</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <def>A great brazen laver
in the temple at Jerusalem; -- so called from its size.</def>
<q>He made a molten <qex>sea</qex> of ten cubits from brim to
brim, round in compass, and five cubits the height thereof.</q>
<qau>2 Chron. iv. 2.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Fig.: Anything resembling the sea in vastness;
<as>as, a <ex>sea</ex> of glory</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>All the space . . . was one <qex>sea</qex> of heads.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sea</xex> is often used in the composition of
words of obvious signification; as, <xex>sea</xex>-bathed,
<xex>sea</xex>-beaten, <xex>sea</xex>-bound, <xex>sea</xex>-bred,
<xex>sea</xex>-circled, <xex>sea</xex>like,
<xex>sea</xex>-nursed, <xex>sea</xex>-tossed,
<xex>sea</xex>-walled, <xex>sea</xex>-worn, and the like. It is
also used either adjectively or in combination with substantives;
as, <xex>sea</xex> bird, <xex>sea</xex>-bird, or
<xex>sea</xex>bird, <xex>sea</xex> acorn, or
<xex>sea</xex>-acorn.</note>
<cs><col>At sea</col>, <cd>upon the ocean; away from land;
figuratively, without landmarks for guidance; lost; at the mercy
of circumstances. \'bdTo say the old man was <xex>at sea<xex>
would be too feeble an expression.\'b8 <au>G. W. Cable</au> --
<col>At full sea</col> at the height of flood tide; hence, at the
height.</cd> \'bdBut now God's mercy was <xex>at full
sea<xex>.\'b8 <au>Jer. Taylor.</au> -- <mcol><col>Beyond
seas</col>, <or/ <col>Beyond the sea</col> <or/ <col>the
seas</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>out of the state,
territory, realm, or country.</cd> <au>Wharton.</au> -- <col>Half
seas over</col>, <cd>half drunk.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Spectator.</au> -- <col>Heavy sea</col>, <cd>a sea in which
the waves run high.</cd> -- <col>Long sea</col>, <cd>a sea
characterized by the uniform and steady motion of long and
extensive waves.</cd> -- <col>Short sea</col>, <cd>a sea in which
the waves are short, broken, and irregular, so as to produce a
tumbling or jerking motion.</cd> -- <col>To go to sea</col>,
<cd>a adopt the calling or occupation of a sailor.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sea" a"corn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An
acorn barnacle (<spn>Balanus</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sea" ad"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European fifteen-spined stickleback
(<spn>Gasterosteus spinachia</spn>); -- called also
<altname>bismore</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European
tanglefish, or pipefish (<spn>Syngnathus acus</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sea" an"chor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See
<cref>Drag sail</cref>, under 4th <er>Drag</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" a*men"o*ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of soft-bodied Anthozoa,
belonging to the order Actrinaria; an actinian.</def>
<note><hand/ They have the oral disk surrounded by one or more
circles of simple tapering tentacles, which are often very
numerous, and when expanded somewhat resemble the petals of
flowers, with colors varied and often very beautiful.</note>
<hw>Sea" ape`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The thrasher shark.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
sea otter.</def>
<hw>Sea" ap"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
fruit of a West Indian palm (<spn>Manicaria Plukenetii</spn>),
often found floating in the sea.</def>
<au>A. Grisebach.</au>
<hw>Sea" ar"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
squid of the genus <spn>Ommastrephes</spn>. See
<er>Squid</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" bank`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
seashore.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bank or mole to defend against the sea.</def>
<hw>Sea"-bar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tern.</def>
<hw>Sea" bar"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
sea purse.</def>
<hw>Sea" bass`</hw>. <def>(<?/). <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> A large marine food fish (<spn>Serranus, <or/
Centropristis, atrarius</spn>) which abounds on the Atlantic
coast of the United States. It is dark bluish, with black bands,
and more or less varied with small white spots and blotches.
Called also, locally, <altname>blue bass</altname>,
<altname>black sea bass</altname>, <altname>blackfish</altname>,
<altname>bluefish</altname>, and <altname>black perch</altname>.
<sd>(b)</sd> A California food fish (<spn>Cynoscion
nobile</spn>); -- called also <altname>white sea bass</altname>,
and <altname>sea salmon</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sea" bat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Batfish</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Sea"beach`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A beach
lying along the sea.</def> \'bdThe bleak <xex>seabeach</xex>.\'b8
<au>Longfellow.</au>
<hw>Sea" bean</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Florida bean</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" bear`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any fur seal. See under <er>Fur</er>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The white bear.</def>
<hw>Sea"beard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A green seaweed (<spn>Cladophora rupestris</spn>) growing in
dense tufts.</def>
<hw>Sea" beast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
large marine mammal, as a seal, walrus, or cetacean.</def>
<hw>Sea" bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
swimming bird frequenting the sea; a sea fowl.</def>
<hw>Sea" blite`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant
(<spn>Su\'91da maritima</spn>) of the Goosefoot family, growing
in salt marches.</def>
<hw>Sea"-blub"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A jellyfish.</def>
<hw>Sea"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sea</ets> + <ets>board</ets>, F. <ets>bord</ets>
side.]</ety> <def>The seashore; seacoast.</def>
<au>Ld. Berners.</au>
<hw>Sea"board`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bordering upon, or being
near, the sea; seaside; seacoast; <as>as, a <ex>seaboard</ex>
town</as>.</def>
<hw>Sea"board`</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward the sea.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sea"boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[AS.
<ets>s<aemac/b\'bet</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A boat or
vessel adapted to the open sea; hence, a vessel considered with
reference to her power of resisting a storm, or maintaining
herself in a heavy sea; <as>as, a good <ex>sea
boat</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A chitin.</def>
<hw>Sea"bord`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Seaboard</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea"-bor"der*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Bordering on the sea; situated beside the sea.</def>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Sea"-born`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Born of the sea; produced by the sea.</def> \'bdNeptune and
his <xex>sea-born</xex> niece.\'b8
<au>Waller.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Born at sea.</def>
<hw>Sea"bound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bounded by
the sea.</def>
<hw>Sea" bow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <cref>Marine
rainbow</cref>, under <er>Rainbow</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" boy`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A boy employed on
shipboard.</def>
<hw>Sea" breach`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A breaking or overflow
of a bank or a dike by the sea.</def>
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<hw>Sea" bream`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
one of several species of sparoid fishes, especially the common
European species (<spn>Pagellus centrodontus</spn>), the Spanish
(<spn>P. Oweni</spn>), and the black sea bream (<spn>Cantharus
lineatus</spn>); -- called also <altname>old
wife</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sea" brief`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Same as <er>Sea
letter</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" bug`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
chiton.</def>
<hw>Sea"-built`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Built at,
in, or by the sea.</def>
<hw>Sea" but"ter*fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A pteropod.</def>
<hw>Sea" cab"bage</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>See <cref>Sea kale</cref>, under <er>Kale</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" calf`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
common seal.</def>
<hw>Sea" ca*na"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called from a
whistling sound which it makes.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The beluga, or white whale.</def>
<hw>Sea" cap"tain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The captain of a vessel
that sails upon the sea.</def>
<hw>Sea" card`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Mariner's card, or
compass.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sea" cat`fish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <hw>Sea" cat`</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>. }</mhw> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
wolf fish.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any marine siluroid fish, as
<spn>\'92lurichthys marinus</spn>, and <spn>Arinus felis</spn>,
of the eastern coast of the United States. Many species are found
on the coasts of Central and South America.</def>
<hw>Sea" chart`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A chart or map on which
the lines of the shore, islands, shoals, harbors, etc., are
delineated.</def>
<hw>Sea" chick"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
fleshy plant (<spn>Arenaria peploides</spn>) growing in large
tufts in the sands of the northern Atlantic seacoast; -- called
also <altname>sea sandwort</altname>, and <altname>sea
purslane</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sea" clam`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
one of the large bivalve mollusks found on the open seacoast,
especially those of the family <spn>Mactrid\'91</spn>, as the
common American species. (<spn>Mactra, <or/ Spisula,
solidissima</spn>); -- called also <altname>beach clam</altname>,
and <altname>surf clam</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sea" coal`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Coal brought by sea; -- a
name by which mineral coal was formerly designated in the south
of England, in distinction from <xex>charcoal</xex>, which was
brought by land.</def>
<cs><col>Sea-coal facing</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>facing
consisting of pulverized bituminous coal.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sea"coast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The shore or
border of the land adjacent to the sea or ocean. Also used
adjectively.</def>
<hw>Sea" cob`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
black-backed gull.</def>
<hw>Sea" cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a
steamship, a cock or valve close to the vessel's side, for
closing a pipe which communicates with the sea.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
black-bellied plover.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A gurnard, as the
European red gurnard (<spn>Trigla pini</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sea" co"coa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
magnificent palm (<spn>Lodoicea Sechellarum</spn>) found only in
the Seychelles Islands. The fruit is an immense two-lobed nut. It
was found floating in the Indian Ocean before the tree was known,
and called <xex>sea cocoanut</xex>, and <xex>double
cocoanut</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sea" col"an*der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
large blackfish seaweed (<spn>Agarum Turneri</spn>), the frond of
which is punctured with many little holes.</def>
<hw>Sea" cole"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Sea
cabbage.</def>
<hw>Sea" com"pass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The mariner's compass.
See under <er>Compass</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" coot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
scoter duck.</def>
<hw>Sea" corn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
yellow cylindrical mass of egg capsule of certain species of
whelks (<spn>Buccinum</spn>), which resembles an ear of
maize.</def>
<hw>Sea" cow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The mantee.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
dugong.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The walrus.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sea" craw"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <hw>Sea"
cray"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. }</mhw> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any crustacean of the genus <spn>Palinurus</spn> and allied
genera, as the European spiny lobster (<spn>P. vulgaris</spn>),
which is much used as an article of food. See
<er>Lobster</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" crow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chough.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cormorant.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The
blackheaded pewit, and other gulls.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The
skua.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The razorbill.</def> <mark>[Orkney
Islands]</mark> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>The coot.</def>
<hw>Sea" cu"cum*ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any large holothurian, especially one of those belonging to
the genus <spn>Pentacta</spn>, or <spn>Cucumaria</spn>, as the
common American and European species. (<spn>P.
frondosa</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sea" dace`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
European sea perch.</def>
<hw>Sea" daf"fo*dil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
European amarylidaceous plant (<spn>Pancratium
maritimum</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sea" dev`il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any very large ray, especially any species of
the genus <spn>Manta</spn> or <spn>Cepholoptera</spn>, some of
which become more than twenty feet across and weigh several tons.
See also <cref>Ox ray</cref>, under <er>Ox</er>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any large cephalopod, as a large Octopus, or a
giant squid (<spn>Architeuthis</spn>). See
<er>Devilfish</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The angler.</def>
<hw>Sea" dog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dogfish.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The common seal.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An old sailor; a salt.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Sea" dot"ter*el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The turnstone.</def>
<hw>Sea" dove`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
little auk, or rotche. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Rotche</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" drag"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A dragonet, or sculpin.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The pegasus.</def>
<hw>Sea" drake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
pewit gull.</def>
<hw>Sea" duck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
one of numerous species of ducks which frequent the seacoasts and
feed mainly on fishes and mollusks. The scoters, eiders, old
squaw, and ruddy duck are examples. They may be distinguished by
the lobate hind toe.</def>
<hw>Sea" ea"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of
fish-eating eagles of the genus <spn>Hali\'91etus</spn> and
allied genera, as the North Pacific sea eagle. (<spn>H.
pelagicus</spn>), which has white shoulders, head, rump, and
tail; the European white-tailed eagle (<spn>H. albicilla</spn>);
and the Indian white-tailed sea eagle, or fishing eagle
(<spn>Polioa\'89tus ichthya\'89tus</spn>). The bald eagle and the
osprey are also sometimes classed as <xex>sea eagles</xex>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The eagle ray. See under
<er>Ray</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea"-ear`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of ear-shaped shells of
the genus Haliotis. See <er>Abalone</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" eel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
conger eel.</def>
<hw>Sea" egg`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sea
urchin.</def>
<hw>Sea" el"e*phant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A very large seal (<spn>Macrorhinus proboscideus</spn>) of
the Antarctic seas, much hunted for its oil. It sometimes attains
a length of thirty feet, and is remarkable for the prolongation
of the nose of the adult male into an erectile elastic proboscis,
about a foot in length. Another species of smaller size (<spn>M.
angustirostris</spn>) occurs on the coast of Lower California,
but is now nearly extinct.</def>
<-- p. 1297 -->
<hw>Sea" fan"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
gorgonian which branches in a fanlike form, especially
<spn>Gorgonia flabellum</spn> of Florida and the West
Indies.</def>
<hw>Sea"far`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sea +
<ets>fare</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who follows the sea as a
business; a mariner; a sailor.</def>
<hw>Sea"far`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Following the business
of a mariner; <as>as, a <ex>seafaring</ex> man</as>.</def>
<hw>Sea" feath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any gorgonian which branches in a plumelike form.</def>
<hw>Sea" fen"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Samphire.</def>
<hw>Sea" fern"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
gorgonian which branches like a fern.</def>
<hw>Sea" fight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>An engagement between
ships at sea; a naval battle.</def>
<hw>Sea" fir`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
sertularian hydroid, especially <xex>Sertularia abietina</xex>,
which branches like a miniature fir tree.</def>
<hw>Sea" flew"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
sea anemone, or any related anthozoan.</def>
<hw>Sea" foam`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>Foam of sea
water.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Meerschaum; -- called also
<altname>sea froth</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sea" fowl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
bird which habitually frequents the sea, as an auk, gannet, gull,
tern, or petrel; also, all such birds, collectively.</def>
<hw>Sea" fox`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
thrasher shark. See <er>Thrasher</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" froth`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>. <def>See <er>Sea
foam</er>, 2.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sea"-gate`</hw>, <hw>Sea"-gait`</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>A long, rolling swell of the sea.</def>
<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>
<hw>Sea" gauge`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under <er>Gauge</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sea" gher`kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Sea"
gir"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
small holothurian resembling in form a gherkin.</def>
<hw>Sea" gin"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
hydroid coral of the genus Millepora, especially <spn>M.
alcicornis</spn>, of the West Indies and Florida. So called
because it stings the tongue like ginger. See <xex>Illust</xex>.
under <er>Millepore</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" gir"dles</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
kind of kelp (<spn>Laminaria digitata</spn>) with palmately cleft
fronds; -- called also <altname>sea wand</altname>,
<altname>seaware</altname>, and <xex>tangle</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sea"girt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Surrounded by
the water of the sea or ocean; <as>as, a <ex>seagirt</ex>
isle</as>.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sea" god`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A marine deity; a fabulous
being supposed to live in, or have dominion over, the sea, or
some particular sea or part of the sea, as Neptune.</def>
<hw>Sea" god"dess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A goddess supposed to
live in or reign over the sea, or some part of the sea.</def>
<hw>Sea"go`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Going upon
the sea; especially, sailing upon the deep sea; -- used in
distinction from <xex>coasting</xex> or <xex>river</xex>, as
applied to vessels.</def>
<hw>Sea" goose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
phalarope.</def>
<hw>Sea" gown`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A gown or frock with short
sleeves, formerly worn by mariners.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sea" grape`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The gulf weed. See under <er>Gulf</er>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A shrubby plant (<spn>Coccoloba uvifera</spn>)
growing on the sandy shores of tropical America, somewhat
resembling the grapevine.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
clusters of gelatinous egg capsules of a squid
(<spn>Loligo</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sea" grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Eelgrass.</def>
<hw>Sea" green`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The green color of sea
water.</def>
<hw>Sea"-green`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a beautiful bluish
green color, like sea water on soundings.</def>
<hw>Sea" gud"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The European black goby (<spn>Gobius niger</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sea" gull`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
gull living on the seacoast.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se"ah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Jewish dry
measure containing one third of an an ephah.</def>
<hw>Sea" hare`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
tectibranchiate mollusk of the genus Aplysia. See
<er>Aplysia</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" hawk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
jager gull.</def>
<hw>Sea" heath`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A low
perennial plant (<spn>Frankenia l\'91vis</spn>) resembling heath,
growing along the seashore in Europe.</def>
<hw>Sea" hedge"hog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A sea urchin.</def>
<hw>Sea" hen`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>the
common guillemot; -- applied also to various other sea
birds.</def>
<hw>Sea" hog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
porpoise.</def>
<hw>Sea" hol"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An
evergeen seashore plant (<spn>Eryngium maritimum</spn>). See
<er>Eryngium</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" holm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A small uninhabited
island.</def>
<hw>Sea" holm`</hw>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Sea holly.</def>
<hw>Sea" horse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fabulous
creature, half horse and half fish, represented in classic
mythology as driven by sea dogs or ridden by the Nereids. It is
also depicted in heraldry. See <er>Hippocampus</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
walrus.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any fish of the genus
Hippocampus.</def>
<note><hand/ In a passage of Dryden's, the word is supposed to
refer to the hippopotamus.</note>
<hw>Sea" hul"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Sea
holly.</def>
<hw>Sea"-is`land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to certain islands along the coast of South Carolina
and Georgia; <as>as, <ex>sea-island</ex> cotton, a superior
cotton of long fiber produced on those islands</as>.</def>
<hw>Sea" jel"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
medusa, or jellyfish.</def>
<hw>Seak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Soap prepared for
use in milling cloth.</def>
<hw>Sea" kale"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See
under <er>Kale</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" king`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>One of the leaders among
the Norsemen who passed their lives in roving the seas in search
of plunder and adventures; a Norse pirate chief. See the Note
under <er>Viking</er>.</def>
<hw>Seal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sele</ets>, AS. <ets>seolh</ets>; akin to OHG.
<ets>selah</ets>, Dan. <ets>s\'91l</ets>, Sw. <ets>sj\'84l</ets>,
Icel. <ets>selr</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
aquatic carnivorous mammal of the families <spn>Phocid\'91</spn>
and <spn>Otariid\'91</spn>.</def>
<note><hand/ Seals inhabit seacoasts, and are found principally
in the higher latitudes of both hemispheres. There are numerous
species, bearing such popular names as <stype>sea lion</stype>,
<stype>sea leopard</stype>, <stype>sea bear</stype>, or
<stype>ursine seal</stype>, <stype>fur seal</stype>, and
<stype>sea elephant</stype>. The bearded seal (<spn>Erignathus
barbatus</spn>), the hooded seal (<spn>Cystophora
crustata</spn>), and the ringed seal (<spn>Phoca
f\'d2tida</spn>), are northern species. See also <cref>Eared
seal</cref>, <cref>Harp seal</cref>, and <cref>Fur seal</cref>,
under <er>Eared</er>, <er>Harp</er>, <er>Monk</er>, and
<er>Fur</er>. Seals are much hunted for their skins and fur, and
also for their oil, which in some species is very
abundant.</note>
<cs><col>Harbor seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common
seal (<spn>Phoca vitulina</spn>). It inhabits both the North
Atlantic and the North Pacific Ocean, and often ascends rivers;
-- called also <altname>marbled seal</altname>, <altname>native
seal</altname>, <altname>river seal</altname>, <altname>bay
seal</altname>, <altname>land seal</altname>, <altname>sea
calf</altname>, <altname>sea cat</altname>, <altname>sea
dog</altname>, <altname>dotard</altname>,
<altname>ranger</altname>, <altname>selchie</altname>,
<altname>tangfish</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>seel</ets>, OF.
<ets>seel</ets>, F. <ets>sceau</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sigillum</ets>
a little figure or image, a seal, dim. of <ets>signum</ets> a
mark, sign, figure, or image. See <er>Sign</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
and cf. <er>Sigil</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An engraved or
inscribed stamp, used for marking an impression in wax or other
soft substance, to be attached to a document, or otherwise used
by way of authentication or security.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wax, wafer, or other tenacious substance, set to
an instrument, and impressed or stamped with a seal; <as>as, to
give a deed under hand and <ex>seal</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Till thou canst rail the <qex>seal</qex> from off my bond
Thou but offend;st thy lungs to speak so loud.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which seals or fastens; esp., the wax or
wafer placed on a letter or other closed paper, etc., to fasten
it.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which confirms, ratifies, or makes stable;
that which authenticates; that which secures; assurance.
\'bdunder the <xex>seal</xex> of silence.\'bd</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>Like a red <qex>seal</qex> is the setting sun
On the good and the evil men have done.</q>
<qau>Lonfellow.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>An arrangement for preventing the entrance or
return of gas or air into a pipe, by which the open end of the
pipe dips beneath the surface of water or other liquid, or a deep
bend or sag in the pipe is filled with the liquid; a
draintrap.</def>
<cs><col>Great seal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Great</er>.</cd> --
<col>Privy seal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Privy</er>,
<pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>Seal lock</col>, <cd>a lock in which
the keyhole is covered by a seal in such a way that the lock can
not be opened without rupturing the seal.</cd> <col>Seal
manual</col>. <cd>See under <er>Manual</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd>
-- <col>Seal ring</col>, <cd>a ring having a seal engraved on it,
or ornamented with a device resembling a seal; a signet
ring.</cd></cs>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Seal</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sealed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Skaling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>selen</ets>; cf.
OF. <ets>seeler</ets>, <ets>seieler</ets>, F. <ets>sceller</ets>,
LL. <ets>sigillare</ets>. See <er>Seal</er> a stamp.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To set or affix a seal to; hence, to
authenticate; to confirm; to ratify; to establish; <as>as, to
<ex>seal</ex> a deed</as>.</def>
<q>And with my hand I <qex>seal</qex> my true heart's love.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark with a stamp, as an evidence of standard
exactness, legal size, or merchantable quality; <as>as, to
<ex>seal</ex> weights and measures; to <ex>seal</ex>
silverware</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fasten with a seal; to attach together with a
wafer, wax, or other substance causing adhesion; <as>as, to
<ex>seal</ex> a letter</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence, to shut close; to keep close; to make
fast; to keep secure or secret.</def>
<q><qex>Seal</qex> up your lips, and give no words but
\'bdmum\'b8.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To fix, as a piece of iron in a wall, with
cement, plaster, or the like.</def>
<au>Gwilt.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To close by means of a seal; <as>as, to
<ex>seal</ex> a drainpipe with water</as>. See 2d <er>Seal</er>,
5.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Among the Mormons, to confirm or set apart as a
second or additional wife.</def> <mark>[Utah, U.S.]</mark>
<q>If a man once married desires a second helpmate . . . she is
<qex>sealed</qex> to him under the solemn sanction of the
church.</q>
<qau>H. Stansbury.</qau>
<hw>Seal</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To affix one's seal, or a
seal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>I will <qex>seal</qex> unto this bond.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sea" la"ces</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind
of seaweed (<spn>Chorda Filum</spn>) having blackish cordlike
fronds, often many feet long.</def>
<hw>Sea" lam"prey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The common lamprey.</def>
<hw>Sea" lan"guage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The peculiar language
or phraseology of seamen; sailor's cant.</def>
<hw>Sea" lark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rock pipit (<spn>Anthus
obscurus</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any one of several small
sandpipers and plovers, as the ringed plover, the turnstone, the
dunlin, and the sanderling.</def>
<hw>Sea" lav"en*der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See
<cref>Marsh rosemary</cref>, under <er>Marsh</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" law"yer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The gray snapper. See under <er>Snapper</er>.</def>
<hw>Seal"-brown`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a rich
dark brown color, like the fur of the fur seal after it is
dyed.</def>
<hw>Sea" legs`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Legs able to maintain
their possessor upright in stormy weather at sea, that is,
ability stand or walk steadily on deck when a vessel is rolling
or pitching in a rough sea.</def> <mark>[Sailor's Cant]</mark>
<au>Totten.</au>
<hw>Sea" lem"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
one of several species of nudibranchiate mollusks of the genus
Doris and allied genera, having a smooth, thick, convex yellow
body.</def>
<hw>Sea" leop"ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of several species of spotted seals, especially
<spn>Ogmorhinus leptonyx</spn>, and <spn>Leptonychotes
Weddelli</spn>, of the Antarctic Ocean. The North Pacific sea
leopard is the harbor seal.</def>
<hw>Seal"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who seals;
especially, an officer whose duty it is to seal writs or
instruments, to stamp weights and measures, or the like.</def>
<hw>Sealer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mariner or a vessel engaged
in the business of capturing seals.</def>
<hw>Sea" let"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mar. Law.)</fld>
<def>The customary certificate of national character which
neutral merchant vessels are bound to carry in time of war; a
passport for a vessel and cargo.</def>
<hw>Sea" let"tuce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
green papery fronds of several seaweeds of the genus
<spn>Ulva</spn>, sometimes used as food.</def>
<hw>Sea" lev"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The level of the surface
of the sea; any surface on the same level with the sea.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sealgh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Selch</hw>,
<pos>n.</pos> }</mhw>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A seal.</def>
<mark>[Scotch]</mark>
<hw>Sea" lil"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
crinoid.</def>
<hw>Seal"ing wax`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A compound of the
resinous materials, pigments, etc., used as a material for seals,
as for letters, documents, etc.</def>
<hw>Sea" li"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
one of several large species of seals of the family
<spn>Otariid\'91</spn> native of the Pacific Ocean, especially
the southern sea lion (<spn>Otaria jubata</spn>) of the South
American coast; the northern sea lion (<spn>Eumetopias
Stelleri</spn>) found from California to Japan; and the black, or
California, sea lion (<spn>Zalophus Californianus</spn>), which
is common on the rocks near San Francisco.</def>
<hw>Sea" loach"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
three-bearded rockling. See <er>Rockling</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" louse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
one of numerous species of isopod crustaceans of
<spn>Cymothoa</spn>, <spn>Livoneca</spn>, and allied genera,
mostly parasites on fishes.</def>
<hw>Seam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Saim</er>.]</ety> <def>Grease; tallow; lard.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Shak. Dryden.</au>
<hw>Seam</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>seem</ets>,
<ets>seam</ets>, AS. <ets>se\'a0m</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>zoom</ets>, OHG. <ets>soum</ets>, G. <ets>saum</ets>, LG.
<ets>soom</ets>, Icel. <ets>saumr</ets>, Sw. & Dan.
<ets>s\'94m</ets>, and E. <ets>sew</ets>. <root/ 156. See
<er>Sew</er> to fasten with thread.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
fold or line formed by sewing together two pieces of cloth or
leather.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a line of junction; a joint; a suture, as
on a ship, a floor, or other structure; the line of union, or
joint, of two boards, planks, metal plates, etc.</def>
<q>Precepts should be so finely wrought together . . . that no
coarse <qex>seam</qex> may discover where they join.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(geol. & Mining)</fld> <def>A thin layer or
stratum; a narrow vein between two thicker strata; <as>as, a
<ex>seam</ex> of coal</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A line or depression left by a cut or wound; a
scar; a cicatrix.</def>
<cs><col>Seam blast</col>, <cd>a blast by putting the powder into
seams or cracks of rocks.</cd> -- <col>Seam lace</col>, <cd>a
lace used by carriage makers to cover seams and edges; -- called
also <altname>seaming lace</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Seam
presser</col>. <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A heavy
roller to press down newly plowed furrows</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>A tailor's sadiron for pressing seams.</cd> <au>Knight.</au>
-- <col>Seam set</col>, <cd>a set for flattering the seams of
metal sheets, leather work, etc.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seam</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Seamed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Seaming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form a seam
upon or of; to join by sewing together; to unite.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark with something resembling a seam; to
line; to scar.</def>
<q><qex>Seamed</qex> o'<?/r with wounds which his own saber
gave.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make the appearance of a seam in, as in
knitting a stocking; hence, to knit with a certain stitch, like
that in such knitting.</def>
<hw>Seam</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become ridgy; to crack
open.</def>
<q>Later their lips began to parch and <qex>seam</qex>.</q>
<qau>L. Wallace.</qau>
<hw>Seam</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>se\'a0m</ets>, LL.
<ets>sauma</ets>, L. <ets>sagma</ets> a packsaddle, fr. Gr. <?/.
See <er>Sumpter</er>.]</ety> <def>A denomination of weight or
measure.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The quantity of
eight bushels of grain.</def> \'bdA <xex>seam</xex> of oats.\'b8
<au>P. Plowman.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The quantity of 120 pounds
of glass</def>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sea"-maid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The mermaid.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sea nymph.</def>
<hw>Sea"-mail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sea</ets> + (perhaps) <ets>Mall</ets> Mally, for
<ets>Mary</ets>; hence, Prov. E. <ets>mally</ets> a hare.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gull; the mew.</def>
<hw>Sea"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Seamen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A merman; the male
of the mermaid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdNot to mention
mermaids or <xex>seamen</xex>.\'b8
<au>Locke.</au>
<hw>Sea"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Seamen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[AS.
<ets>s\'91man</ets>.]</ety> <def>One whose occupation is to
assist in the management of ships at sea; a mariner; a sailor; --
applied both to officers and common mariners, but especially to
the latter. Opposed to <xex>landman</xex>, or
<xex>landsman</xex>.</def>
<cs><col>Able seaman</col>, <cd>a sailor who is practically
conversant with all the duties of common seamanship.</cd> --
<col>ordinary seaman</col>. <cd>See <er>Ordinary</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sea"man*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having or
showing the skill of a practical seaman.</def>
<hw>Sea"man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The skill of a good
seaman; the art, or skill in the art, of working a ship.</def>
<hw>Sea" man"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
squilla.</def>
<-- p. 1298 -->
<hw>Sea" marge`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Land which borders on the
sea; the seashore.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>You are near the <qex>sea marge</qex> of a land teeming with
life.</q>
<qau>J. Burroughs.</qau>
<hw>Sea"mark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any elevated
object on land which serves as a guide to mariners; a beacon; a
landmark visible from the sea, as a hill, a tree, a steeple, or
the like.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sea" mat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
bryozoan of the genus <spn>Flustra</spn> or allied genera which
form frondlike corals.</def>
<hw>Sea" maw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
sea mew.</def>
<hw>Seamed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Falconry)</fld>
<def>Out of condition; not in good condition; -- said of a
hawk.</def>
<hw>Sea"-mell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sea mew.</def>
<hw>Sea" mew`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
gull; the mew.</def>
<hw>Sea" mile`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A geographical mile. See
<er>Mile</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" milk"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
low, fleshy perennial herb (<spn>Glaux maritima</spn>) found
along northern seashores.</def>
<hw>Seam"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act or process of forming a seam or joint.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fishing)</fld> <def>The cord or rope at the
margin of a seine, to which the meshes of the net are
attached.</def>
<cs><col>Seaming machine</col>, <cd>a machine for uniting the
edges of sheet-metal plates by bending them and pinching them
together.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seam"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a seam.</def>
<q>Christ's <qex>seamless</qex> coat, all of a piece.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Sea" monk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Monk seal</er>, under <er>Monk</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" mon"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any large sea animal.</def>
<hw>Sea" moss`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any branched marine bryozoan resembling moss.</def>
<hw>Sea" mouse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A dorsibranchiate annelid, belonging to
<spn>Aphrodite</spn> and allied genera, having long, slender,
hairlike set\'91 on the sides</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
dunlin.</def>
<hw>Seam"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Seamstress</er>.]</ety> <def>One who sews well, or whose
occupation is to sew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Seam"stress</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
older <ets>seamster</ets>, properly fem., AS.
<ets>se\'a0mestre</ets>. See <er>Seam</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman
whose occupation is sewing; a needlewoman.</def>
<hw>Seam"stress*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
business of a seamstress.</def>
<hw>Sea" mud`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A rich slimy deposit in
salt marshes and along the seashore, sometimes used as a manure;
-- called also <altname>sea ooze</altname>.</def>
<hw>Seam"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a seam;
containing seams, or showing them.</def> \'bdMany a
<xex>seamy</xex> scar.\'b8
<au>Burns.</au>
<q>Everything has its fair, as well as its <qex>seamy</qex>,
side.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Sean</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A seine. See
<er>Seine</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8S\'82`ance"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,
fr. L. <ets>sedens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>sedere</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <def>A
session, as of some public body; especially, a meeting of
spiritualists to receive spirit communication, so called.</def>
<hw>Sea" nee"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Garfish</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Sea" net`tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A jellyfish, or
medusa.</def>
<hw>Sean"na*chie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.
<ets>seanachaidh</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bard among the Highlanders
of Scotland, who preserved and repeated the traditions of the
tribes; also, a genealogist.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>senachy</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sea" on"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
officinal squill. See <er>Squill</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" ooze`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Same as <cref>Sea
mud</cref>.</def>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>Sea" or"ange</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
large American holothurian (<spn>Lophothuria Fabricii</spn>)
having a bright orange convex body covered with finely granulated
scales. Its expanded tentacles are bright red.</def>
<hw>Sea"-orb`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A globefish.</def>
<hw>Sea" ot"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An
aquatic carnivore (<spn>Enhydris lutris, <or/ marina</spn>) found
in the North Pacific Ocean. Its fur is highly valued, especially
by the Chinese. It is allied to the common otter, but is larger,
with feet more decidedly webbed.</def>
<cs><col>Sea-otter's cabbage</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
gigantic kelp of the Pacific Ocean (<spn>Nereocystis
Lutkeana</spn>). See <er>Nereocystis</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sea" owl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
lumpfish.</def>
<hw>Sea" pad`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
puffin.</def>
<hw>Sea" par"tridge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The gilthead (<spn>Crenilabrus melops</spn>), a fish of the
British coasts.</def>
<hw>Sea" pass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A document carried by
neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to show their
nationality; a sea letter or passport. See
<er>Passport</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" peach`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
beautiful American ascidian (<spn>Cynthia, <or/ Halocynthia,
pyriformis</spn>) having the size, form, velvety surface, and
color of a ripe peach.</def>
<hw>Sea" pear`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
pedunculated ascidian of the genus <spn>Boltonia</spn>.</def>
<hw>Sea"-pen"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pennatula.</def>
<hw>Sea" perch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European bass (<spn>Roccus, <or/ Labrax,
lupus</spn>); -- called also <altname>sea dace</altname>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cunner.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The sea
bass.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The name is applied also to other
species of fishes.</def>
<hw>Sea" pheas"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The pintail duck.</def>
<hw>Sea" pie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
oyster catcher, a limicoline bird of the genus
<spn>H\'91matopus</spn>.</def>
<hw>Sea" pie`</hw>. <def>A dish of crust or pastry and meat or
fish, etc., cooked together in alternate layers, -- a common food
of sailors; <as>as, a three-decker <ex>sea pie</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sea"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A picture
representing a scene at sea; a marine picture.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Sea" pi"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
1st <er>Sea pie</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" pig`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A porpoise or dolphin.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A dugong.</def>
<hw>Sea" pi"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The common
guillemot.</def>
<hw>Sea" pike`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The garfish.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large
serranoid food fish (<spn>Centropomus undecimalis</spn>) found on
both coasts of America; -- called also
<altname>robalo</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The
merluce.</def>
<hw>Sea" pin`cush`ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sea purse.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
pentagonal starfish.</def>
<hw>Sea" pink`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Thrift</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" plov"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>the black-bellied
plover.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sea" poach"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <hw>Sea" pok"er</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>. }</mhw> <pr>(<it>Zo\'94l</it>.)</pr> <def>The
lyrie.</def>
<hw>Sea" pool`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A pool of salt
water.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sea" pop"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
horn poppy. See under <er>Horn</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" por"cu*pine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any fish of the genus <spn>Diodon</spn>, and allied genera,
whose body is covered with spines. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Diodon</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" pork`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An
American compound ascidian (<spn>Amor\'91cium stellatum</spn>)
which forms large whitish masses resembling salt pork.</def>
<hw>Sea" port`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A port on
the seashore, or one accessible for seagoing vessels. Also used
adjectively; <as>as, a <ex>seaport</ex> town</as>.</def>
<hw>Sea" poy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sepoy</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" pud"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any large holothurian.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sea" purse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
horny egg case of a skate, and of certain sharks.</def>
<hw>Sea" purs"lane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See
under <er>Purslane</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" pye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
1st <er>Sea pie</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea"py"ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
1st <er>Sea pie</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea"quail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
turnstone.</def>
<hw>Sea"quake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A quaking of
the sea.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sear</hw>, <hw>Sere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>[OE. <xex>seer</xex>, AS. <xex>se\'a0r</xex>
(assumed) fr. <xex>se\'a0rian</xex> to wither; akin to D.
<xex>zoor</xex> dry, LG. <xex>soor</xex>, OHG.
<xex>sor<emac/n</xex> to to wither, Gr. <?/ to parch, to dry,
Skr. <cced/ush (for <xex>sush</xex>) to dry, to wither, Zend
<xex>hush</xex> to dry. <root/152. Cf. <er>Austere</er>,
<er>Sorrel</er>, <pos>a.</pos>] Dry; withered; no longer green;
-- applied to leaves.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>I have lived long enough; my way of life
Is fall'n into the <qex>sear</qex>, the yellow leaf.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sear</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Seared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Searing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.<ets>seeren</ets>, AS.
<ets>se\'a0rian</ets>. See <er>Sear</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To wither; to dry up.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To burn (the surface of) to dryness and
hardness; to cauterize; to expose to a degree of heat such as
changes the color or the hardness and texture of the surface; to
scorch; to make callous; <as>as, to <ex>sear</ex> the skin or
flesh</as>. Also used figuratively.</def>
<q>I'm <qex>seared</qex> with burning steel.</q>
<qau>Rowe.</qau>
<q>It was in vain that the amiable divine tried to give salutary
pain to that <qex>seared</qex> conscience.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<q>The discipline of war, being a discipline in destruction of
life, is a discipline in callousness. Whatever sympathies exist
are <qex>seared</qex>.</q>
<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sear</xex> is allied to <xex>scorch</xex> in
signification; but it is applied primarily to animal flesh, and
has special reference to the effect of heat in marking the
surface <xex>hard</xex>. <xex>Scorch</xex> is applied to flesh,
cloth, or any other substance, and has no reference to the effect
of hardness.</note>
<cs><col>To sear</col>, <cd>to close by searing. \'bdCherish
veins of good humor, and <xex>sear<xex> up those of ill.\'b8</cd>
<au>Sir W. Temple.</au></cs>
<hw>Sear</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>serre</ets> a grasp,
pressing, fr. L. <ets>sera</ets>. See <er>Serry</er>.]</ety>
<def>The catch in a gunlock by which the hammer is held cocked or
half cocked.</def>
<cs><col>Sear spring</col>, <cd>the spring which causes the sear
to catch in the notches by which the hammer is held.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sea" rat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pirate.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Massinger.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chim\'91ra.</def>
<hw>Sea" ra"ven</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American cottoid fish (<spn>Hemitripterus
Americanus</spn>) allied to the sculpins, found on the northeren
Atlantic coasts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cormorant.</def>
<hw>Searce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sarse</er>.]</ety> <def>A fine sieve.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Searce</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To sift; to bolt.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>Sear"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who sifts or bolts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A searce, or sieve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Search</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Searched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Searching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>serchen</ets>,
<ets>cerchen</ets>, OF. <ets>cerchier</ets>, F.
<ets>chercher</ets>, L. <ets>circare</ets> to go about, fr. L.
<ets>circum</ets>, <ets>circa</ets>, around. See
<er>Circle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To look over or through,
for the purpose of finding something; to examine; to explore;
<as>as, to <ex>search</ex> the city</as>.</def>
\'bd<xex>Search</xex> the Scriptures.\'b8
<au>John v. 39.</au>
<q>They are come to <qex>search</qex> the house.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q><qex>Search</qex> me, O God, and know my heart.</q>
<qau>Ps. cxxxix. 23.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inquire after; to look for; to seek.</def>
<q>I will both <qex>search</qex> my sheep, and seek them out.</q>
<qau>Ezek. xxxiv. 11.</qau>
<q>Enough is left besides to <qex>search</qex> and know.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To examine or explore by feeling with an
instrument; to probe; <as>as, to <ex>search</ex> a
wound</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To examine; to try; to put to the test.</def>
<cs><col>To search out</col>, <cd>to seek till found; to find by
seeking; <as>as, to <ex>search out<ex> truth</as>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To explore; examine; scrutinize; seek; investigate;
pry into; inquire.</syn>
<hw>Search</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To seek; to look for
something; to make inquiry, exploration, or examination; to
hunt.</def>
<q>Once more <qex>search</qex> with me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>It sufficeth that they have once with care sifted the matter,
and <qex>searched</qex> into all the particulars.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<hw>Search</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>cerche</ets>.
See <er>Search</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>The act of
seeking or looking for something; quest; inquiry; pursuit for
finding something; examination.</def>
<q>Thus the orb he roamed
With narrow <qex>search</qex>, and with inspection deep
Considered every creature.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Nor did my <qex>search</qex> of liberty begin
Till my black hairs were changed upon my chin.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<cs><col>Right of search</col> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld>, <cd>the
right of the lawfully commissioned cruisers of belligerent
nations to examine and search private merchant vessels on the
high seas, for the enemy's property or for articles contraband of
war.</cd> -- <col>Search warrant</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a
warrant legally issued, authorizing an examination or search of a
house, or other place, for goods stolen, secreted, or
concealed.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Scrutiny; examination; exploration; investigation;
research; inquiry; quest; pursuit.</syn>
<hw>Search"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being searched.</def>
<hw>Search"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being
searchable.</def>
<hw>Search"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>cercheor</ets> inspector.]</ety> <def>One who, or that
which, searhes or examines; a seeker; an inquirer; an examiner; a
trier.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, an officer
in London appointed to examine the bodies of the dead, and report
the cause of death.</def> <au>Graunt.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An
officer of the customs whose business it is to search ships,
merchandise, luggage, etc.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An inspector
of leather</def>. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(d)</sd>
<fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>An instrument for examining the bore of a
cannon, to detect cavities.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>An implement
for sampling butter; a butter trier</def>. <sd>(j)</sd>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for feeling after calculi in
the bladder, etc.</def>
<hw>Search"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Exploring thoroughly;
scrutinizing; penetrating; trying; <as>as, a <ex>searching</ex>
discourse; a <ex>searching</ex> eye</as>.</def> \'bdPiercing,
<xex>searching</xex>, biting, cold.\'b8
<au>Dickens.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Search"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Search"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Search"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Impossible to be
searched; inscrutable; impenetrable.</def>
<hw>Sear"cloth`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Cerecloth.</def>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>Sear"cloth</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover, as a sore,
with cerecloth.</def>
<hw>Seared</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Scorched;
cauterized; hence, figuratively, insensible; not susceptible to
moral influences.</def>
<q>A <qex>seared</qex> conscience and a remorseless heart.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Sear"ed*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
of being seared or callous; insensibility.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sea" reed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
sea-sand reed. See under <er>Reed</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" risk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Risk of injury,
destruction, or loss by the sea, or while at sea.</def>
<hw>Sea" rob"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A pirate; a sea
rover.</def>
<hw>Sea" rob"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under <er>Robin</er>,
and <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>
<hw>Sea" rock"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>.<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See
under <er>Rocket</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Room or
space at sea for a vessel to maneuver, drive, or scud, without
peril of running ashore or aground.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<hw>Sea" rov"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>One that cruises or roves
the sea for plunder; a sea robber; a pirate; also, a piratical
vessel.</def>
<hw>Sea"-rov"ing</hw><def>, a. Cruising at random on the
ocean.</def>
<hw>Sea" salm"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A young pollock.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
spotted squeteague.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>See <er>Sea bass</er>
<sd>(b)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Sea" salt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Common salt, obtained from
sea water by evaporation.</def>
<hw>Sea" sand"pi`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The purple sandpiper.</def>
<hw>Sea" sand"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Sea chickweed</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" sau"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marine saurian; esp.
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> the large extinct species of Mosasaurus,
Icthyosaurus, Plesiosaurus, and related genera.</def>
<hw>Sea"scape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Landscape</er>.]</ety> <def>A picture representing a scene at
sea.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<-- p. 1299 -->
<hw>Sea" scor"pi*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European sculpin (<spn>Cottus scorpius</spn>)
having the head armed with short spines.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The scorpene.</def>
<hw>Sea" scurf`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
bryozoan which forms rounded or irregular patches of coral on
stones, seaweeds, etc.</def>
<hw>Sea" ser`pent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marine snake. See <er>Sea
snake</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large marine animal of
unknown nature, often reported to have been seen at sea, but
never yet captured.</def>
<note><hand/ Many accounts of sea serpents are imaginary or
fictitious; others are greatly exaggerated and distorted by
incompetent observers; but a number have been given by competent
and trustworthy persons, which indicate that several diverse
animals have been called sea serpents. Among these are,
apparently, several large snakelike fishes, as the oar fish, or
ribbon fish (<spn>Regalecus</spn>), and huge conger eels. Other
accounts probably refer to the giant squids
(<spn>Architeuthis</spn>). Some of the best accounts seem to
describe a marine saurian, like the fossil Mosasauri, which were
large serpentlike creatures with paddles.</note>
<hw>Sea"shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The shell of any marine mollusk.</def>
<hw>Sea"shore`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The coast of the sea; the land that lies adjacent to the sea
or ocean.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>All the ground between the
ordinary highwater and low-water marks.</def>
<hw>Sea"sick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected with
seasickness.</def>
<hw>Sea"sick`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The peculiar sickness,
characterized by nausea and prostration, which is caused by the
pitching or rolling of a vessel.</def>
<hw>Sea"side`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The land
bordering on, or adjacent to, the sea; the seashore. Also used
adjectively.</def>
<hw>Sea" slat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any isopod crustacean of the genus <spn>Ligia</spn>.</def>
<hw>Sea" slug`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A holothurian.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
nudibranch mollusk.</def>
<hw>Sea" snail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small fish of the genus <spn>Liparis</spn>,
having a ventral sucker. It lives among stones and
seaweeds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any small creeping marine
gastropod, as the species of Littorina, Natica, etc.</def>
<hw>Sea" snake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
one of many species of venomous aquatic snakes of the family
<spn>Hydrophid\'91</spn>, having a flattened tail and living
entirely in the sea, especially in the warmer parts of the Indian
and Pacific Oceans. They feed upon fishes, and are mostly of
moderate size, but some species become eight or ten feet long and
four inches broad.</def>
<hw>Sea" snipe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sandpiper, as the knot and dunlin.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bellows fish.</def>
<hw>Sea"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sesoun</ets>, F. <ets>saison</ets>, properly, the sowing
time, fr. L. <ets>satio</ets> a sowing, a planting, fr.
<ets>serere</ets>, <ets>satum</ets>, to sow, plant; akin to E.
<ets>sow</ets>, v., to scatter, as seed.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One of the divisions of the year, marked by alternations in
the length of day and night, or by distinct conditions of
temperature, moisture, etc., caused mainly by the relative
position of the earth with respect to the sun. In the north
temperate zone, four seasons, namely, spring, summer, autumn, and
winter, are generally recognized. Some parts of the world have
three seasons, -- the dry, the rainy, and the cold; other parts
have but two, -- the dry and the rainy.</def>
<q>The several <qex>seasons</qex> of the year in their
beauty.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a period of time, especially as regards
its fitness for anything contemplated or done; a suitable or
convenient time; proper conjuncture; <as>as, the <ex>season</ex>
for planting; the <ex>season</ex> for rest</as>.</def>
<q>The <qex>season</qex>, prime for sweetest scents and airs.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A period of time not very long; a while; a
time.</def>
<q>Thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun for a
<qex>season</qex>.</q>
<qau>Acts xiii. 11.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which gives relish; seasoning.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>You lack the <qex>season</qex> of all natures, sleep.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>In season</col>, <cd>in good time, or sufficiently early
for the purpose.</cd> -- <col>Out of season</col>, <cd>beyond or
out of the proper time of the usual or appointed time.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sea"son</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Seasoned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Seasoning</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
render suitable or appropriate; to prepare; to fit.</def>
<q>He is fit and <qex>seasoned</qex> for his passage.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fit for any use by time or habit; to
habituate; to accustom; to inure; to ripen; to mature; <as>as, to
<ex>season</ex> one to a climate</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to prepare by drying or hardening, or
removal of natural juices; <as>as, to <ex>season</ex>
timber</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fit for taste; to render palatable; to give
zest or relish to; to spice; <as>as, to <ex>season</ex>
food</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, to fit for enjoyment; to render
agrecable.</def>
<q>You <qex>season</qex> still with sports your serious
hours.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The proper use of wit is to <qex>season</qex>
conversation.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To qualify by admixture; to moderate; to
temper.</def> \'bdWhen mercy <xex>seasons</xex> justice.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To imbue; to tinge or taint.</def> \'bdWho by
his tutor being <xex>seasoned</xex> with the love of the
truth.\'b8
<au>Fuller.</au>
<q><qex>Season</qex> their younger years with prudent and pious
principles.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To copulate with; to impregnate.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Sea"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To become mature; to grow fit for use; to become adapted to
a climate.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become dry and hard, by the escape of the
natural juices, or by being penetrated with other substance;
<as>as, timber <ex>seasons</ex> in the sun</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give token; to savor.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>
<hw>Sea"son*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Occurring
in good time, in due season, or in proper time for the purpose;
suitable to the season; opportune; timely; <as>as, a
<ex>seasonable</ex> supply of rain</as>.</def>
<q>Mercy is <qex>seasonable</qex> in the time of affliction.</q>
<qau>Ecclus. xxxv. 20.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sea"son*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Sea"son*a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sea"son*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
seasoning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>outh.</au>
<hw>Sea"son*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the seasons.</def>
<-- 2. Occurring or being used in a specific season; as, seasonal
items for sale. -->
<cs><col>Seasonal dimorphism</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
condition of having two distinct varieties which appear at
different seasons, as certain species of butterflies in which the
spring brood differs from the summer or autumnal brood.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sea"son*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, seasons, or gives a relish; a seasoning.</def>
<hw>Sea"son*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
process by which anything is seasoned.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is added to any species of food, to
give it a higher relish, as salt, spices, etc.; a
condiment.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, something added to enhance enjoyment or
relieve dullness; <as>as, wit is the <ex>seasoning</ex> of
conversation</as>.</def>
<q>Political speculations are of so dry and austere a nature,
that they will not go down with the public without frequent
<qex>seasonings</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<cs><col>Seasoning tub</col> <fld>(Bakery)</fld>, <cd>a trough in
which dough is set to rise.</cd></cs>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Sea"son*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without succession of
the seasons.</def>
<hw>Sea" spi"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any maioid crab; a spider crab. See
<er>Maioid</er>, and <cref>Spider crab</cref>, under
<er>Spider</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any pycnogonid.</def>
<hw>Sea" squirt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An
ascidian. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Tunicata</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" star`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
starfish, or brittle star.</def>
<hw>Sea" sur"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
surgeon fish.</def>
<hw>Sea" swal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The common tern.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The storm petrel.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The
gannet.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Cornish
chough</cref>, under <er>Chough</er>.</def>
<hw>Seat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sete</ets>, Icel. <ets>s\'91ti</ets>; akin to Sw.
<ets>s\'84te</ets>, Dan. <ets>s\'91de</ets>, MHG.
<ets>s<amac/ze</ets>, AS. <ets>set</ets>, <ets>setl</ets>, and E.
<ets>sit</ets>. <root/154. See <er>Sit</er>, and cf.
<er>Settle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The place
or thing upon which one sits; hence; anything made to be sat in
or upon, as a chair, bench, stool, saddle, or the like.</def>
<q>And Jesus . . . overthrew the tables of the money changers,
and the <qex>seats</qex> of them that sold doves.</q>
<qau>Matt. xxi. 12.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The place occupied by anything, or where any
person or thing is situated, resides, or abides; a site; an
abode, a station; a post; a situation.</def>
<q>Where thou dwellest, even where Satan's <qex>seat</qex>
is.</q>
<qau>Rev. ii. 13.</qau>
<q>He that builds a fair house upon an ill <qex>seat</qex>
committeth himself to prison.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>A <qex>seat</qex> of plenty, content, and tranquillity.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That part of a thing on which a person sits;
<as>as, the <ex>seat</ex> of a chair or saddle; the <ex>seat</ex>
of a pair of pantaloons</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sitting; a right to sit; regular or
appropriate place of sitting; <as>as, a <ex>seat</ex> in a
church; a <ex>seat</ex> for the season in the opera
house</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Posture, or way of sitting, on horseback.</def>
<q>She had so good a <qex>seat</qex> and hand she might be
trusted with any mount.</q>
<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A part or surface on which
another part or surface rests; <as>as, a valve
<ex>seat</ex></as>.</def>
<cs><col>Seat worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
pinworm.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Seated</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Seating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To place on a
seat; to cause to sit down; <as>as, to <ex>seat</ex> one's
self</as>.</def>
<q>The guests were no sooner <qex>seated</qex> but they entered
into a warm debate.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to occupy a post, site, situation, or
the like; to station; to establish; to fix; to settle.</def>
<q>Thus high . . . is King Richard <qex>seated</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>They had <qex>seated</qex> themselves in New Guiana.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To assign a seat to, or the seats of; to give a
sitting to; <as>as, to <ex>seat</ex> a church, or persons in a
church</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fix; to set firm.</def>
<q>From their foundations, loosening to and fro,
They plucked the <qex>seated</qex> hills.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To settle; to plant with inhabitants; as to
<xex>seat</xex> a country.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>W. Stith.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To put a seat or bottom in; <as>as, to
<ex>seat</ex> a chair</as>.</def>
<hw>Seat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rest; to lie down.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sea" tang`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind
of seaweed; tang; tangle.</def>
<q>To their nests of sedge and <qex>sea tang</qex>.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>Sea" term`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A term used specifically
by seamen; a nautical word or phrase.</def>
<hw>Sea" thief`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A pirate.</def>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Sea" thongs`</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
kind of blackish seaweed (<spn>Himanthalia lorea</spn>) found on
the northern coasts of the Atlantic. It has a thonglike forking
process rising from a top-shaped base.</def>
<hw>Seat"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of providong with a seat or seats; <as>as, the
<ex>seating</ex> of an audience</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of making seats; also, the material for
making seats; <as>as, cane <ex>seating</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sea" tit"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The rock pipit.</def>
<hw>Seat"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no
seat.</def>
<hw>Sea" toad`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sculpin.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
toadfish.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The angler.</def>
<hw>Sea" trout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of several species of true trouts which
descend rivers and enter the sea after spawning, as the European
bull trout and salmon trout, and the eastern American spotted
trout.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The common squeteague, and the
spotted squeteague.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A California fish of
the family <spn>Chirid\'91</spn>, especially <spn>Hexagrammus
decagrammus</spn>; -- called also <altname>spotted rock
trout</altname>. See <cref>Rock trout</cref>, under
<er>Rock</er>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A California sci\'91noid
fish (<spn>Cynoscion nobilis</spn>); -- called also
<altname>white sea bass</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sea" trum"pet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A great blackish seaweed of the Southern
Ocean, having a hollow and expanding stem and a pinnate frond,
sometimes twenty feet long.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any large marine univalve
shell of the genus Triton. See <er>Triton</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea" turn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A breeze, gale, or mist
from the sea.</def>
<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>
<hw>Sea" tur"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of several very large species of
chelonians having the feet converted into paddles, as the green
turtle, hawkbill, loggerhead, and leatherback. They inhabit all
warm seas.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sea pigeon, or
guillemot.</def>
<hw>Sea" u"ni*corn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The narwhal.</def>
<hw>Sea" ur"chin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of echinoderms of the order
Echinoidea.</def>
<note> When living they are covered with movable spines which
are often long and sharp.</note>
<hw>Seave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.
<ets>siv</ets>, Sw. <ets>s\'84f</ets>, Icel.
<ets>sef</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rush.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Seav`y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Overgrown with rushes.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sea" wall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[AS.
<ets>s<ae/weall</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wall, or embankment, to
resist encroachments of the sea.</def>
<hw>Sea"-walled`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Surrounded, bounded, or protected by the sea, as if by a
wall.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sea"wan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sea"want</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The name used by the
Algonquin Indians for the shell beads which passed among the
Indians as money.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Seawan</xex> was of two kinds;
<xex>wampum</xex>, white, and <xex>suckanhock</xex>, black or
purple, -- the former having half the value of the latter. Many
writers, however, use the terms <xex>seawan</xex> and
<xex>wampum</xex> indiscriminately.
<au>Bartlett.</au>
</note>
<hw>Sea"wand`</hw> . <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sea
girdles</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Directed or
situated toward the sea.</def>
<au>Donne.</au>
<q>Two still clouds . . . sparkled on their <qex>seaward</qex>
edges like a frosted fleece.</q>
<qau>G. W. Cable.</qau>
<hw>Sea"ward</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward the sea.</def>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Sea"ware`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>s\'d6w\'ber</ets> seaweed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Seaweed; esp., coarse seaweed. See <er>Ware</er>, and
<er>Sea girdles</er>.</def>
<hw>Sea"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Popularly, any plant or plants growing in the sea.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any marine plant of the class
Alg\'91, as kelp, dulse, Fucus, Ulva, etc.</def>
<hw>Sea" whip`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
gorgonian having a simple stem.</def>
<hw>Sea" wid"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The scaup duck.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
pintail duck.</def>
<hw>Sea"wife`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Seawives</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A European wrasse (<spn>Labrus vetula</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sea" wil"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
gorgonian coral with long flexible branches.</def>
<hw>Sea" wing`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
wing shell (<spn>Avicula</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sea" with"wind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>(Bot.) A kind of
bindweed (<spn>Convolvulus Soldanella</spn>) growing on the
seacoast of Europe.</def>
<hw>Sea" wolf`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The wolf fish.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
European sea perch.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The sea
elephant.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A sea lion.</def>
<hw>Sea" wood"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The bar-tailed godwit.</def>
<hw>Sea" wood louse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A sea slater.</def>
<hw>Sea" worm"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
European species of wormwood (<spn>Artemisia maritima</spn>)
growing by the sea.</def>
<hw>Sea"wor`thi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
state or quality of being seaworthy, or able to resist the
ordinary violence of wind and weather.</def>
<au>Kent.</au>
<hw>Sea"wor`thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fit for a
voyage; worthy of being trusted to transport a cargo with safety;
<as>as, a <ex>seaworthy</ex> ship</as>.</def>
<hw>Sea" wrack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Wrack</er>.</def>
<hw>Se*ba"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>sebaceus</ets>, from L. <ets>sebum</ets> tallow,
grease.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or
secreting, fat; composed of fat; having the appearance of fat;
<as>as, the <ex>sebaceous</ex> secretions of some plants, or the
<ex>sebaceous</ex> humor of animals</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sebaceous cyst</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a cyst
formed by distention of a sebaceous gland, due to obstruction of
its excretory duct.</cd> -- <col>Sebaceous glands</col>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>small subcutaneous glands, usually
connected with hair follicles. They secrete an oily semifluid
matter, composed in great part of fat, which softens and
lubricates the hair and skin.</cd></cs>
<hw>Se*bac"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sebum</ets> tallow: cf. F. <ets>s\'82bacique</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to fat; derived from, or
resembling, fat; specifically, designating an acid (formerly
called also <altname>sebic</altname>, and
<altname>pyroleic</altname>, acid), obtained by the distillation
or saponification of certain oils (as castor oil) as a white
crystalline substance.</def>
<hw>Se"bat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.
<ets>sh\'cbb\'bet</ets>.]</ety> <def>The eleventh month of the
ancient Hebrew year, approximately corresponding with
February.</def>
<au>W. Smith (Bibl. Dict. ).</au>
<hw>Se"bate</hw> <pr>(s\'c7"b\ddt)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sebacic acid.</def>
<hw>Se*bes"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>sebest\'ben</ets> the tree: cf. Sp.
<ets>sebesten</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
mucilaginous drupaceous fruit of two East Indian trees
(<spn>Cordia Myxa</spn>, and <spn>C. latifolia</spn>), sometimes
used medicinally in pectoral diseases.</def>
<note><hand/ In the West Indies the name is given to the similar
fruit of <spn>Cordia Sebestana</spn>.</note>
<-- p. 1300 -->
<-- p. 1300 -->
<hw>Se"bic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sebacic</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Se*bif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sebum</ets> tallow + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing vegetable tallow.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Producing fat; sebaceous;
<as>as, the <ex>sebiferous</ex>, or sebaceous, glands</as>.</def>
<hw>Se*bip"a*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sebum</ets> tallow + <ets>parere</ets> to bring
forth.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Sebiferous</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Seb"or*rhe*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. L. <ets>sebum</ets> tallow + Gr. <?/ to flow.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbidly increased discharge of
sebaceous matter upon the skin; stearrhea.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se*ca"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
kind of grain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of cereal
grasses including rye.</def>
<hw>Se"can*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Secant</er>.]</ety> <def>A cutting; an intersection; <as>as,
the point of <ex>secancy</ex> of one line by another</as>.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ).</au>
<hw>Se"cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>secans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>secare</ets>
to cut. See <er>Section</er>.]</ety> <def>Cutting; divivding into
two parts; <as>as, a <ex>secant</ex> line</as>.</def>
<hw>Secant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82cante</ets>. See <er>Secant</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A line that cuts another;
especially, a straight line cutting a curve in two or more
points.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Trig.)</fld> <def>A right line drawn from the
center of a circle through one end of a circular arc, and
terminated by a tangent drawn from the other end; the number
expressing the ratio line of this line to the radius of the
circle. See <cref>Trigonometrical function</cref>, under
<er>Function</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sec"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>
<def>Dry.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Secco painting</col>, <or/ <col>Painting in
secco</col></mcol>, <cd>painting on dry plaster, as distinguished
from <xex>fresco painting<xex>, which is on wet or fresh
plaster.</cd></cs>
<hw>Se"cede"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Seceded</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Seceding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>secedere</ets>, <ets>secessum</ets>; pref <ets>se-</ets>
aside + <ets>cedere</ets> to go, move. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety>
<def>To withdraw from fellowship, communion, or association; to
separate one's self by a solemn act; to draw off; to retire;
especially, to withdraw from a political or religious body.</def>
<hw>Se*ced"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who secedes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a numerous body
of Presbyterians in Scotland who seceded from the communion of
the Established Church, about the year 1733, and formed the
Secession Church, so called.</def>
<hw>Se*cern"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Secerned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Secerning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>secernere</ets>.
See <er>Secrete</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To separate; to
distinguish.</def>
<q>Averroes <qex>secerns</qex> a sense of titillation, and a
sense of hunger and thirst.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To secrete; <as>as, mucus
<ex>secerned</ex> in the nose</as>.</def>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Se*cern"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>secernens</ets>, p.pr.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld><def>Secreting; secretory.</def>
<hw>Se*cern"ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which
promotes secretion.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A vessel in, or by means of,
which the process of secretion takes place; a secreting
vessel.</def>
<hw>Se*cern"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act or process of secreting.</def>
<hw>Se*cess"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>secessus</ets>. See <er>Secede</er>.]</ety> <def>Retirement;
retreat; secession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>R. H. More.</au>
<hw>Se*ces"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>secessio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82cession</ets>. See
<er>Secede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of seceding;
separation from fellowship or association with others, as in a
religious or political organization; withdrawal.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(U.S. Hist.)</fld> <def>The withdrawal of a
State from the national Union.</def>
<cs><col>Secession Church</col><cd> (in Scotland). See
<er>Seceder</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Se*ces"sion*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
doctrine or policy of secession; the tenets of secession; the
tenets of secessionists.</def>
<hw>Se*ces"sion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who
upholds secession.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(U.S. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who holds to the
belief that a State has the right to separate from the Union at
its will.</def>
<hw>Seche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
seek.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Se"chi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.: cf. F.
<ets>s\'82chion</ets>; perhaps formed fr. Gr. <?/
cucumber.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The edible fruit of a
West Indian plant (<spn>Sechium edule</spn>) of the Gourd family.
It is soft, pear-shaped, and about four inches long, and contains
a single large seed. The root of the plant resembles a yam, and
is used for food.</def>
<hw>Seck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sec</ets>, properly, dry, L. <ets>siccua</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Barren; unprofitable. See <cref>Rent seck</cref>, under
<er>Rent</er>.</def>
<hw>Seck"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A small reddish brown sweet and juicy pear. It originated on
a farm near Philadelphia, afterwards owned by a Mr.
<xex>Seckel</xex>.</def>
<hw>Se"cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>saeculum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>si\'8acle</ets>. See
<er>Secular</er>.]</ety> <def>A century.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hammond.</au>
<hw>Se*clude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Secluded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Secluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>secludere</ets>, <ets>seclusum</ets> pref. <ets>se-</ets>
aside + <ets>claudere</ets> to shut. See <er>Close</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shut up apart from others; to
withdraw into, or place in, solitude; to separate from society or
intercourse with others.</def>
<q>Let Eastern tyrants from the light of heaven
<qex>Seclude their bosom slaves</qex>.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shut or keep out; to exclude.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Se*clud"ed*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Se*clud"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Se*clu"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Seclude</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of secluding, or the state
of being secluded; separation from society or connection; a
withdrawing; privacy; <as>as, to live in
<ex>seclusion</ex></as>.</def>
<q>O blest <qex>seclusion</qex> from a jarring world, which he,
thus occupied, enjoys!</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Solitude; separation; withdrawment; retirement;
privacy. See <er>Solitude</er>.</syn>
<hw>Se*clu"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to
seclude; keeping in seclusion; secluding; sequestering.</def>
<hw>Sec"ond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>secundus</ets> second, properly, following, fr.
<ets>sequi</ets> to follow. See <er>Sue</er> to follow, and cf.
<er>Secund</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Immediately following
the first; next to the first in order of place or time; hence,
occuring again; another; other.</def>
<q>And he slept and dreamed the <qex>second</qex> time.</q>
<qau>Gen. xli. 5.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Next to the first in value, power, excellence,
dignity, or rank; secondary; subordinate; inferior.</def>
<q>May the day when we become the <qex>second</qex> people upon
earth . . . be the day of our utter extirpation.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Being of the same kind as another that has
preceded; another, like a protype; <as>as, a <ex>second</ex>
Cato; a <ex>second</ex> Troy; a <ex>second</ex>
deluge</as>.</def>
<q>A Daniel, still say I, a <qex>second</qex> Daniel!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>Second Adventist</col>. <cd>See <er>Adventist</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Second cousin</col>, <cd>the child of a cousin.</cd> --
<col>Second-cut file</col>. <cd>See under <er>File</er>.</cd> --
<col>Second distance</col> <fld>(Art)</fld>, <cd>that part of a
picture between the foreground and the background; -- called also
<altname>middle ground</altname>, or <altname>middle
distance</altname>.</cd> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <col>Second
estate</col></mcol> <fld>(Eng.)</fld>, <cd>the House of
Peers.</cd> -- <col>Second girl</col>, <cd>a female house-servant
who does the lighter work, as chamber work or waiting on table.
-- <col>Second intention</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Intention</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Second story</col>,
<col>Story floor</col></mcol>, <cd>in America, the second range
of rooms from the street level. This, in England, is called the
<altname>first floor</altname>, the one beneath being the
<xex>ground floor<xex>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Second thought</col>
<or/ <col>thoughts</col></mcol>, <cd>consideration of a matter
following a first impulse or impression; reconsideration.</cd>
<q>On <qex>second thoughts</qex>, gentlemen, I don't wish you had
known him.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
</cs>
<hw>Sec"ond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, follows, or comes after; one next and
inferior in place, time, rank, importance, excellence, or
power.</def>
<q>Man
an angel's <qex>second</qex>, nor his <qex>second</qex> long.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who follows or attends another for his
support and aid; a backer; an assistant; specifically, one who
acts as another's aid in a duel.</def>
<q>Being sure enough of <qex>seconds</qex> after the first
onset.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Aid; assistance; help.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Give <qex>second</qex>, and my love
Is everlasting thine.</q>
<qau>J. Fletcher.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An article of merchandise of a
grade inferior to the best; esp., a coarse or inferior kind of
flour.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[F. <ets>seconde</ets>. See <er>Second</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The sixtieth part of a minute of time
or of a minute of space, that is, the <xex>second</xex> regular
subdivision of the degree; <as>as, sound moves about 1,140
English feet in a <ex>second</ex>; five minutes and ten
<ex>seconds</ex> north of this place.</as></def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>In the duodecimal system of mensuration, the
twelfth part of an inch or prime; a line. See <er>Inch</er>, and
<er>Prime</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 8.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The interval
between any tone and the tone which is represented on the degree
of the staff next above it.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The second
part in a concerted piece; -- often popularly applied to the
alto.</def>
<cs><col>Second hand</col>, <cd>the hand which marks the seconds
on the dial of a watch or a clock.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sec"ond</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Seconded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Seconding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>seconder</ets>, L. <ets>secundare</ets>, from
<ets>secundus</ets>. See <er>Second</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To follow in the next place; to succeed; to
alternate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>In the method of nature, a low valley is immediately
<qex>seconded</qex> with an ambitious hill.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<q>Sin is <qex>seconded</qex> with sin.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To follow or attend for the purpose of
assisting; to support; to back; to act as the second of; to
assist; to forward; to encourage.</def>
<q>We have supplies to <qex>second</qex> our attempt.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>In human works though labored on with pain,
A thousand movements scarce one purpose gain;
In God's, one single can its end produce,
Yet serves to <qex>second</qex> too some other use.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Specifically, to support, as a motion or
proposal, by adding one's voice to that of the mover or
proposer.</def>
<hw>Sec"ond*a*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>In a secondary manner or degree.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Secondly; in the second place.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>God hath set some in the church, first apostels,
<qex>secondarily</qex> prophets, thirdly teachers.</q>
<qau>1 Cor. xii. 28.</qau>
<hw>Sec"ond*a*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being
secondary.</def>
<q>Full of a girl's sweet sense of <qex>secondariness</qex> to
the object of her love.</q>
<qau>Mrs. Oliphant.</qau>
<hw>Sec"ond*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>secondaire</ets>, L. <ets>secundaire</ets>. See
<er>Second</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Suceeding
next in order to the first; of second place, origin, rank, rank,
etc.; not primary; subordinate; not of the first order or
rate.</def>
<q>Wheresoever there is normal right on the one hand, no
<qex>secondary</qex> right can discharge it.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<q>Two are the radical differences; the <qex>secondary</qex>
differences are as four.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Acting by deputation or delegated authority;
<as>as, the work of <ex>secondary</ex> hands</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Possessing some quality, or
having been subject to some operation (as substitution), in the
second degree; <as>as, a <ex>secondary</ex> salt, a
<ex>secondary</ex> amine, etc.</as> Cf. <er>primary</er>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Subsequent in origin; -- said
of minerals produced by alteertion or deposition subsequent to
the formation of the original rocks mass; also of characters of
minerals (as <xex>secondary</xex> cleavage, etc.) developed by
pressure or other causes.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the second
joint of the wing of a bird.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dependent or consequent upon
another disease; <as>as, Bright's disease is often
<ex>secondary</ex> to scarlet fever</as>. <sd>(b)</sd> Occuring
in the second stage of a disease; <as>as, the <ex>secondary</ex>
symptoms of syphilis</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Secondary accent</col>. <cd>See the Note under
<er>Accent</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Secondary
age</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>The Mesozoic age, or age before
the Tertiary. See <er>Mesozoic</er>, and Note under <er>Age</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 8.</cd> -- <col>Secondary alcohol</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>any one of a series of alcohols which
contain the radical <chform>CH.OH</chform> united with two
hydrocarbon radicals. On oxidation the secondary alcohols form
ketones.</cd> -- <col>Secondary amputation</col>
<fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>an amputation for injury, performed after
the constitutional effects of the injury have subsided.</cd> --
<col>Secondary axis</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>any line which
passes through the optical center of a lens but not through the
centers of curvature, or, in the case of a mirror, which passes
through the center of curvature but not through the center of the
mirror.</cd> -- <col>Secondary battery</col>. <fld>(Elec.)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>Battery</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</cd> --
<col>Secondary circle</col> <fld>(Geom. & Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a
great circle passes through the poles of another great circle and
is therefore perpendicular to its plane.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Secondary circuit</col>, <col>Secondary
coil</col></mcol> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a circuit or coil in
which a current is produced by the induction of a current in a
neighboring circuit or coil called the <xex>primary circuit<xex>
or <xex>coil<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Secondary color</col>, <cd>a
color formed by mixing any two primary colors in equal
proportions.</cd> -- <col>Secondary coverts</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the longer coverts which overlie the
basal part of the secondary quills of a bird. See
<xex>Illust<xex>. under <er>Bird</er>.</cd> -- <col>Secondary
crystal</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a crystal derived from one
of the primary forms.</cd> -- <col>Secondary current</col>
<fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a momentary current induced in a closed
circuit by a current of electricity passing through the same or a
contiguous circuit at the beginning and also at the end of the
passage of the primary current.</cd> -- <col>Secondary
evidence</col>, <cd>that which is admitted upon failure to obtain
the primary or best evidence.</cd> -- <col>Secondary fever</col>
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a fever coming on in a disease after the
subsidence of the fever with which the disease began, as the
fever which attends the outbreak of the eruption in
smallpox.</cd> -- <col>Secondary hemorrhage</col>
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>hemorrhage occuring from a wounded blood
vessel at some considerable time after the original bleeding has
ceased.</cd> -- <col>Secondary planet</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld>
<cd>See the Note under <er>Planet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Secondary
qualities</col>, <cd>those qualities of bodies which are not
inseparable from them as such, but are dependent for their
development and intensity on the organism of the percipient, such
as color, taste, odor, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Secondary
quills</col> <or/ <col>remiges</col></mcol>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the quill feathers arising from the
forearm of a bird and forming a row continuous with the
primaries; -- called also <altname>secondaries</altname>. See
<xex>Illust<xex>. of <er>Bird</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Secondary
rocks</col> <or/ <col>strata</col></mcol> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>,
<cd>those lying between the Primary, or Paleozoic, and Tertiary
(see <cref>Primary rocks</cref>, under <er>Primary</er>); --
later restricted to strata of the Mesozoic age, and at but little
used.</cd> -- <col>Secondary syphilis</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>,
<cd>the second stage of syphilis, including the period from the
first development of constitutional symptoms to the time when the
bones and the internal organs become involved.</cd> --
<col>Secondary tint</col>, <cd>any subdued tint, as gray.</cd> --
<col>Secondary union</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>the union of
wounds after suppuration; union by the second
intention.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Second; second-rate; subordinate; inferior.</syn>
<hw>Sec"ond*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Secondaries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who occupies a subordinate, inferior, or auxiliary place; a
delegate deputy; one who is second or next to the chief officer;
<as>as, the <ex>secondary</ex>, or undersheriff of the city of
London</as>.</def>
<q>Old Escalus . . . is thy <qex>secondary</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A secondary
circle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A satellite.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A secondary quill.</def>
<hw>Sec"ond-class`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the
rank or degree below the best highest; inferior; second-rate;
<as>as, a <ex>second-class</ex> house; a <ex>second-class</ex>
passage</as>.</def>
<hw>Sec"ond*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
seconds or supports what another attempts, affirms, moves, or
proposes; <as>as, the <ex>seconder</ex> of an enterprise or of a
motion</as>.</def>
<hw>Sec"ond*hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Not original or primary; received from another.</def>
<q>They have but a <qex>secondhand</qex> or implicit
knowledge.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not new; already or previously or used by
another; <as>as, a <ex>secondhand</ex> book, garment</as>.</def>
<cs><col>At second hand</col>. <cd>See <er>Hand</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 10.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sec"ond*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the second
place.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se*con"do</hw> <pr>(?; It.)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The second part in a
concerted piece.</def>
<hw>Sec"ond-rate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the
second size, rank, quality, or value; <as>as, a
<ex>second-rate</ex> ship; <ex>second-rate</ex> cloth; a
<ex>second-rate</ex> champion</as>.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Sec"ond-sight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
power of discerning what is not visible to the physical eye, or
of foreseeing future events, esp. such as are of a disastrous
kind; the capacity of a seer; prophetic vision.</def>
<q>he was seized with a fit of <qex>second-sight</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>Nor less availed his optic sleight,
And Scottish gift of <qex>second-sight</qex>.</q>
<qau>Trumbull.</qau>
<hw>Sec"ond-sight`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the power of
second-sight.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Se"cre</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Secret;
secretive; faithful to a secret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To be holden stable and <qex>secre</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Se"cre</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A secret.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Se"cre*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Secrecies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[From
<er>Secret</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or quality of
being hidden; <as>as, his movements were detected in spite of
their <ex>secrecy</ex></as>.</def>
<q>The Lady Anne,
Whom the king hath in <qex>secrecy</qex> long married.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is concealed; a secret.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Seclusion; privacy; retirement.</def> \'bdThe
pensive <xex>secrecy</xex> of desert cell.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The quality of being secretive; fidelity to a
secret; forbearance of disclosure or discovery.</def>
<q>It is not with public as with private prayer; in this, rather
<qex>secrecy</qex> is commanded than outward show.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<hw>Se"cre*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Secretly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Se"cre*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Secrecy; privacy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Se"cret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>secret</ets> (cf. Sp.& Pg. <ets>secreto</ets>, It.
<ets>secreto</ets>, <ets>segreto</ets>), fr. L.
<ets>secretus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>secrernere</ets> to put apart,
to separate. See <er>Certain</er>, and cf. <er>Secrete</er>,
<er>Secern</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Hidden; concealed;
<as>as, <ex>secret</ex> treasure; <ex>secret</ex> plans; a
<ex>secret</ex> vow</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The <qex>secret</qex> things belong unto the Lord our God; but
those things which are revealed belong unto us.</q>
<qau>Deut. xxix. 29.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Withdraw from general intercourse or notice; in
retirement or secrecy; secluded.</def>
<q>There, <qex>secret</qex> in her sapphire cell,
He with the Na\'8bs wont to dwell.</q>
<qau>Fenton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Faithful to a secret; not inclined to divulge or
betray confidence; secretive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q><qex>Secret</qex> Romans, that have spoke the word,
And will not palter.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Separate; distinct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They suppose two other divine hypostases superior thereunto,
which were perfectly <qex>secret</qex> from matter.</q>
<qau>Cudworth.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Hidden; concealed; secluded; retired; unseen;
unknown; private; obscure; recondite; latent; covert;
clandestine; privy. See <er>Hidden</er>.</syn>
<hw>Se"cret</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>secret</ets> (cf.
Pr. <ets>secret</ets>, Sp. & Pg. <ets>secreto</ets>, It.
<ets>secreto</ets>, <ets>segreto</ets>), from L.
<ets>secretum</ets>. See <er>Secret</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Something studiously concealed; a thing kept
from general knowledge; what is not revealed, or not to be
revealed.</def>
<q>To tell our <qex>secrets</qex> is often folly; to communicate
those of others is treachery.</q>
<qau>Rambler.</qau>
<-- p. 1301 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thing not discovered; what is unknown or
unexplained; a mystery.</def>
<q>All <qex>secrets</qex> of the deep, all nature's works.</q>
<qau>Milton</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The parts which modesty and
propriety require to be concealed; the genital organs.</def>
<cs><col>In secret</col>, <cd>in a private place; in privacy or
secrecy; in a state or place not seen; privately.</cd></cs>
<q>Bread eaten <qex>in secret</qex> is pleasant.</q>
<qau>Prov. ix. 17.</qau>
<hw>Se"cret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To keep
secret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Se"cret*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>A process in which mercury, or some of its salts, is
employed to impart the property of felting to certain kinds of
furs.</def>
<au>Ure.</au>
<hw>Sec`re*ta"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a secretary; befitting a secretary.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q><qex>Secretarial</qex>, diplomatic, or other official
training.</q>
<qau>Carlyle.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sec`re*ta"ri*at</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sec`re*ta"ri*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F. <ets>secr\'82tariat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office of a
secretary; the place where a secretary transacts business, keeps
records, etc.</def>
<hw>Sec"re*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Secretaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.
<ets>secr\'82taire</ets> (cf. Pr. <ets>secretari</ets>, Sp. & Pg.
<ets>secretario</ets>, It. <ets>secretario</ets>,
<ets>segretario</ets>) LL. <ets>secretarius</ets>, originally, a
confidant, one intrusted with secrets, from L.
<ets>secretum</ets> a secret. See <er>Secret</er>, <pos>a.</pos>
& <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who keeps, or is
intrusted with, secrets.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person employed to write orders, letters,
dispatches, public or private papers, records, and the like; an
official scribe, amanuensis, or writer; one who attends to
correspondence, and transacts other business, for an association,
a public body, or an individual.</def>
<q>That which is most of all profitable is acquaintance with the
<qex>secretaries</qex>, and employed men of ambassadors.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An officer of state whose business is to
superintend and manage the affairs of a particular department of
government, and who is usually a member of the cabinet or
advisory council of the chief executive; <as>as, the
<ex>secretary</ex> of state, who conducts the correspondence and
attends to the relations of a government with foreign courts; the
<ex>secretary</ex> of the treasury, who manages the department of
finance; the <ex>secretary</ex> of war, etc.</as></def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A piece of furniture, with conveniences for
writing and for the arrangement of papers; an escritoire.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The secretary bird.</def>
<cs><col>Secretary Bird</col>. <ety>[So called in allusion to the
tufts of feathers at the back of its head, which were fancifully
thought to resemble pens stuck behind the ear.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A large long-legged raptorial bird
(<spn>Gypogeranus serpentarius</spn>), native of South Africa,
but now naturalized in the West Indies and some other tropical
countries. It has a powerful hooked beak, a crest of long
feathers, and a long tail. It feeds upon reptiles of various
kinds, and is much prized on account of its habit of killing and
devouring snakes of all kinds. Called also <altname>serpent
eater</altname>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- See the Note under <er>Clerk</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
4.</syn>
<hw>Sec"re*ta*ry*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office, or the
term of office, of a secretary.</def>
<hw>Se*crete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Secreted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Secreting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>secretus</ets> separated, secret, hidden, p. p. of
<ets>secernere</ets>. See <er>Secret</er>, and cf.
<er>Discrete</er>, <er>Discreet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
deposit in a place of hiding; to hide; to conceal; <as>as, to
<ex>secrete</ex> stolen goods; to <ex>secrete</ex> one's
self</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To separate from the blood
and elaborate by the process of secretion; to elaborate and emit
as a secretion. See <er>Secretion</er>.</def>
<q>Why one set of cells should <qex>secrete</qex> bile, another
urea, and so on, we do not known.</q>
<qau>Carpenter.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To conceal; hide. See <er>Conceal</er>.</syn>
<hw>Se*cre"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>secretio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82cr\'82tion</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of secreting or concealing; <as>as, the
<ex>secretion</ex> of dutiable goods</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of secreting; the
process by which material is separated from the blood through the
agency of the cells of the various glands and elaborated by the
cells into new substances so as to form the various secretions,
as the saliva, bile, and other digestive fluids. The process
varies in the different glands, and hence are formed the various
secretions.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Any substance or fluid
secreted, or elaborated and emitted, as the gastric juice.</def>
<hw>Se"cret*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dealer in
secrets.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Se`cre*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Parted
by animal secretion; <as>as, <ex>secretitious</ex>
humors</as>.</def>
<au>Floyer.</au>
<hw>Se*cret"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to
secrete, or to keep secret or private; <as>as, a
<ex>secretive</ex> disposition</as>.</def>
<hw>Se*cret"ive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
quality of being secretive; disposition or tendency to
conceal.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty or propensity
which impels to reserve, secrecy, or concealment.</def>
<hw>Se"cret*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
secret manner.</def>
<hw>Se"cret*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state
or quality of being secret, hid, or concealed.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Secretiveness; concealment.</def>
<au>Donne.</au>
<hw>Se*cre`te-me"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Causing secretion; -- said of nerves
which go to glands and influence secretion.</def>
<hw>Se*cre"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82cr\'82toire</ets>. See <er>Secrete</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Secreting; performing, or connected
with, the office secretion; secernent; <as>as, <ex>secretory</ex>
vessels, nerves</as>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
secretory vessel; a secernent.</def></def2>
<hw>Sect</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>secare</ets>, <ets>sectum</ets>, to cut.]</ety> <def>A
cutting; a scion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sect</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>secte</ets>, L. <ets>sects</ets>, fr. <ets>sequi</ets> to
follew; often confused with L. <ets>secare</ets>,
<ets>sectum</ets>, to cut. See <er>Sue</er> to follow, and cf.
<er>Sept</er>, <er>Suit</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Those
following a particular leader or authority, or attached to a
certain opinion; a company or set having a common belief or
allegiance distinct from others; in religion, the believers in a
particular creed, or upholders of a particular practice;
especially, in modern times, a party dissenting from an
established church; a denomination; in philosophy, the disciples
of a particular master; a school; in society and the state, an
order, rank, class, or party.</def>
<q>He beareth the sign of poverty,
And in that <qex>sect</qex> our Savior saved all mankind.</q>
<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>
<q>As of the <qex>sect</qex> of which that he was born,
He kept his lay, to which that he was sworn.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The cursed <qex>sect</qex> of that detestable and false
prophet Mohammed.</q>
<qau>Fabyan.</qau>
<q>As concerning this <qex>sect</qex> [Christians], we know that
everywhere it is spoken against.</q>
<qau>Acts xxviii. 22.</qau>
<hw>Sec"tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>secare</ets>, <ets>sectum</ets>, to cut.]</ety> <def>One of
the portions of space bounded by the three coordinate planes.
Specif. <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, one of the parts of a crystal
into which it is divided by the axial planes.</def>
<hw>Sec*ta"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to a sect, or to sects; peculiar to a sect; bigotedly attached to
the tenets and interests of a denomination; <as>as,
<ex>sectarian</ex> principles or prejudices</as>.</def>
<hw>Sec*ta"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a sect; a member
or adherent of a special school, denomination, or religious or
philosophical party; one of a party in religion which has
separated itself from established church, or which holds tenets
different from those of the prevailing denomination in a
state.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Heretic</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sec*ta"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or character of a sectarian; devotion to the interests of
a party; excess of partisan or denominational zeal; adherence to
a separate church organization.</def>
<hw>Sec*ta"ri*an*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
imbue with sectarian feelings; to subject to the control of a
sect.</def>
<hw>Sec"ta*rism</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sectarianism.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sec"ta*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sectary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>T. Warton.</au>
<hw>Sec"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;<plu>pl.
<plw>Sectaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.
<ets>sectaire</ets>. See <er>Sect</er>.]</ety> <def>A sectarian;
a member or adherent of a sect; a follower or disciple of some
particular teacher in philosophy or religion; one who separates
from an established church; a dissenter.</def>
<q>I never knew that time in England when men of truest religion
were not counted <qex>sectaries</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sec*ta"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
<ets>sectari</ets>, v. intens. fr. <ets>sequi</ets> to follow.
See <er>Sue</er> to follow.]</ety> <def>A follower; a disciple;
an adherent to a sect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>
<hw>Sec"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sectilis</ets>, fr. <ets>secare</ets>, <ets>sectum</ets>, to
cut: cf. F. <ets>sectile</ets>. See <er>Section</er>.]</ety>
<def>Capable of being cut; specifically <fld>(Min.)</fld>,
capable of being severed by the knife with a smooth cut; -- said
of minerals.</def>
<hw>Sec*til"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
or quality of being sectile.</def>
<hw>Sec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sectio</ets>, fr. <ets>secare</ets>, <ets>sectum</ets>, to
cut; akin to E. <ets>saw</ets> a cutting instrument: cf. F.
<ets>section</ets>. See <er>Saw</er>, and cf. <er>Scion</er>,
<er>Dissect</er>, <er>Insect</er>, <er>Secant</er>,
<er>Segment</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of cutting, or
separation by cutting; <as>as, the <ex>section</ex> of
bodies</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A part separated from something; a division; a
portion; a slice.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A distinct part or portion of a book or
writing; a subdivision of a chapter; the division of a law or
other writing; a paragraph; an article; hence, the character
<sect/, often used to denote such a division</def>.
<q>It is hardly possible to give a distinct view of his several
arguments in distinct <qex>sections</qex>.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A distinct part of a country or people,
community, class, or the like; a part of a territory separated by
geographical lines, or of a people considered as distinct</def>.
<q>The extreme <qex>section</qex> of one class consists of
bigoted dotards, the extreme <qex>section</qex> of the other
consists of shallow and reckless empirics.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the portions, of one square mile each,
into which the public lands of the United States are divided; one
thirty-sixth part of a township. These sections are subdivided
into quarter sections for sale under the homestead and
pre\'89mption laws.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The figure made up of all the
points common to a superficies and a solid which meet, or to two
superficies which meet, or to two lines which meet. In the first
case the section is a superficies, in the second a line, and in
the third a point.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A division of a genus; a
group of species separated by some distinction from others of the
same genus; -- often indicated by the sign <sect/.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A part of a musical period,
composed of one or more phrases. See <er>Phrase</er>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The description or representation of anything as
it would appear if cut through by any intersecting plane;
depiction of what is beyond a plane passing through, or supposed
to pass through, an object, as a building, a machine, a
succession of strata; profile.</def>
<note><hand/ In mechanical drawing, as in these Illustrations of
a cannon, a <xex>longitudinal section</xex> (<xex>a</xex>)
usually represents the object as cut through its center
lengthwise and vertically; a <xex>cross</xex> or <xex>transverse
section</xex> (<xex>b</xex>), as cut crosswise and vertically;
and a <xex>horizontal section</xex> (<xex>c</xex>), as cut
through its center horizontally. <xex>Oblique sections</xex> are
made at various angles. In architecture, a <xex>vertical
section</xex> is a drawing showing the interior, the thickness of
the walls, ets., as if made on a vertical plane passed through a
building.</note>
<cs><col>Angular sections</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a branch
of analysis which treats of the relations of sines, tangents,
etc., of arcs to the sines, tangents, etc., of their multiples or
of their parts.</cd> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <col>Conic
sections</col></mcol>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Conic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Section liner</col>
<fld>(Drawing)</fld>, <cd>an instrument to aid in drawing a
series of equidistant parallel lines, -- used in representing
sections.</cd> -- <col>Thin sections</col>, <cd>a section or
slice, as of mineral, animal, or vegetable substance, thin enough
to be transparent, and used for study under the
microscope.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Part; portion; division.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Section</er>, <er>Part</er>. The English more commonly apply
the word <xex>section</xex> to a part or portion of a body of
men; as, a <xex>section</xex> of the clergy, a small
<xex>section</xex> of the Whigs, etc. In the United States this
use is less common, but another use, unknown or but little known
in England, is very frequent, as in the phrases \'bdthe eastern
<xex>section</xex> of our country,\'b8 etc., the same sense being
also given to the adjective <xex>sectional</xex> as,
<xex>sectional</xex> feelings, interests, etc.</usage>
<hw>Sec"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to a sections or distinct part of larger
body or territory; local.</def>
<q>All <qex>sectional</qex> interests, or party feelings, it is
hoped, will hereafter yield to schemes of ambition.</q>
<qau>Story.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of sections, or capable of being
divided into sections; <as>as, a <ex>sectional</ex> steam
boiler</as>.</def>
<hw>Sec"tion*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
disproportionate regard for the interests peculiar to a section
of the country; local patriotism, as distinguished from
national.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Sec"tion*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
state or quality of being sectional; sectionalism.</def>
<hw>Sec"tion*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
divide according to gepgraphical sections or local
interests.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<q>The principal results of the struggle were to
<qex>sectionalize</qex> parties.</q>
<qau>Nicilay & Hay (Life of Lincoln).</qau>
<hw>Sec"tion*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sectional
manner.</def>
<hw>Sec"tion*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form
into sections.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sect"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Devotion to a
sect.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sect"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One devoted to a sect; a
soetary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sect"i*un`cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little
or petty sect.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdSome new sect or
<xex>sectiuncle</xex>.\'b8
<au>J. Martineau.</au>
<hw>Sec"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., properly,
a cutter, fr. <ets>secare</ets>, <ets>sectum</ets>, to cut: cf.
F. <ets>secteur</ets>. See <er>Section</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A part of a circle comprehended between
two radii and the included arc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mathematical instrument, consisting of two
rulers connected at one end by a joint, each arm marked with
several scales, as of equal parts, chords, sines, tangents, etc.,
one scale of each kind on each arm, and all on lines radiating
from the common center of motion. The sector is used for
plotting, etc., to any scale.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An astronomical instrument, the limb of which
embraces a small portion only of a circle, used for measuring
differences of declination too great for the compass of a
micrometer. When it is used for measuring zenith distances of
stars, it is called a <xex>zenith sector</xex>.</def>
<cs><col>Dip sector</col>, <cd>an instrument used for measuring
the dip of the horizon.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sector of a
sphere</col>, <or/ <col>Spherical sector</col></mcol>, <cd>the
solid generated by the revolution of the sector of a circle about
one of its radii, or, more rarely, about any straight line drawn
in the plane of the sector through its vertex.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sec"tor*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a sector; <as>as, a <ex>sectoral</ex>
circle</as>.</def>
<hw>Sec*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Adapted for cutting.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A sectorial, or carnassial,
tooth.</def></def2>
<hw>Sec"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>secular</ets>, <ets>seculer</ets>. L. <ets>saecularis</ets>,
fr. <ets>saeculum</ets> a race, generation, age, the times, the
world; perhaps akin to E. <ets>soul</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>s\'82culier</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Coming or
observed once in an age or a century.</def>
<q>The <qex>secular</qex> year was kept but once a century.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to an age, or the progress of ages,
or to a long period of time; accomplished in a long progress of
time; <as>as, <ex>secular</ex> inequality; the <ex>secular</ex>
refrigeration of the globe</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to this present world, or to
things not spiritual or holy; relating to temporal as
distinguished from eternal interests; not immediately or
primarily respecting the soul, but the body; worldly.</def>
<q>New foes arise,
Threatening to bind our souls with <qex>secular</qex> chains.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Not regular; not bound by
monastic vows or rules; not confined to a monastery, or subject
to the rules of a religious community; <as>as, a <ex>secular</ex>
priest</as>.</def>
<q>He tried to enforce a stricter discipline and greater regard
for morals, both in the religious orders and the
<qex>secular</qex> clergy.</q>
<qau>Prescett.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Belonging to the laity; lay; not clerical.</def>
<q>I speak of folk in <qex>secular</qex> estate.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<cs><col>Secular equation</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the
algebraic or numerical expression of the magnitude of the
inequalities in a planet's motion that remain after the
inequalities of a short period have been allowed for.</cd> --
<col>Secular games</col> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>games
celebrated, at long but irregular intervals, for three days and
nights, with sacrifices, theatrical shows, combats, sports, and
the like.</cd> -- <col>Secular music</col>, <cd>any music or
songs not adapted to sacred uses.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Secular
hymn</col> <or/ <col>poem</col></mcol>, <cd>a hymn or poem
composed for the secular games, or sung or rehearsed at those
games.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sec"u*lar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>
<def>A secular ecclesiastic, or one not bound by monastic
rules.</def>
<au>Burke.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A church official whose
functions are confined to the vocal department of the
choir.</def>
<au>Busby.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A layman, as distinguished from a
clergyman.</def>
<hw>Sec"u*lar*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The state or quality of being secular; a secular spirit;
secularity.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The tenets or principles of the
secularists.</def>
<hw>Sec"u*lar*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who theoretically
rejects every form of religious faith, and every kind of
religious worship, and accepts only the facts and influences
which are derived from the present life; also, one who believes
that education and other matters of civil policy should be
managed without the introduction of a religious element.</def>
<hw>Sec`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.F.
<ets>s\'82cularit\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>saecularitas</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Supreme attention to the things of the present life;
worldliness.</def>
<q>A <qex>secularity</qex> of character which makes Christianity
and its principal doctrines distasteful or unintelligible.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Sec`u*lar*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>s\'82cularisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
rendering secular, or the state of being rendered secular;
conversion from regular or monastic to secular; conversion from
religious to lay or secular possession and uses; <as>as, the
<ex>secularization</ex> of church property</as>.</def>
<-- p. 1302 -->
<hw>Sec"u*lar*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Secularized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Secularizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82culaiser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To convert from
regular or monastic into secular; <as>as, to <ex>secularize</ex>
a priest or a monk</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To convert from spiritual or common use; <as>as,
to <ex>secularize</ex> a church, or church property</as>.</def>
<q>At the Reformation the abbey was <qex>secularized</qex>.</q>
<qau>W. Coxe.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make worldly or unspiritual.</def>
<au>Bp. Horsley.</au>
<hw>Sec"u*lar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a secular or
worldly manner.</def>
<hw>Sec"u*lar*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state
of being secular; worldliness; worldly-minded-ness.</def>
<hw>Se"cund</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>secundus</ets> following the course or current of wind of
water. See <er>Second</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arranged on one side only, as flowers or
leaves on a stalk.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Se*cun"date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[L.<ets>secundatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>secundare</ets> to
direct faverably.]</ety> <def>To make prosperous.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sec`un*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Prosperity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sec"un*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>secondine</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The second coat, or integument, of an ovule, lying within
the primine.</def>
<note><hand/ In the ripened seed the primine and secundine are
usually united to form the testa, or outer seed coat. When they
remain distinct the secundine becomes the mesosperm, as in the
castor bean.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>secondines</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
afterbirth, or placenta and membranes; -- generally used in the
plural.</def>
<hw>Se*cun`do-gen"i*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>secundus</ets> second + <ets>genitura</ets> a
begetting, generation.]</ety> <def>A right of inheritance
belonging to a second son; a property or possession so
inherited.</def>
<q>The kingdom of Naples . . . was constituted a
<qex>secundo-geniture</qex> of Spain.</q>
<qau>Bancroft.</qau>
<hw>Se*cur"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may
be secured.</def>
<hw>Se*cure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>securus</ets>; pref. <ets>se-</ets> without +
<ets>cura</ets> care. See <er>Cure</er> care, and cf.
<er>Sure</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Free from
fear, care, or anxiety; easy in mind; not feeling suspicion or
distrust; confident.</def>
<q>But thou, <qex>secure</qex> of soul, unbent with woes.</q>
<qau>DRyden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Overconfident; incautious; careless; -- in a bad
sense.</def>
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Confident in opinion; not entertaining, or not
having reason to entertain, doubt; certain; sure; -- commonly
with <xex>of</xex>; <as>as, <ex>secure</ex> of a
welcome</as>.</def>
<q>Confidence then bore thee on, <qex>secure</qex>
Either to meet no danger, or to find
Matter of glorious trial.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Net exposed to danger; safe; -- applied to
persons and things, and followed by <xex>against</xex> or
<xex>from</xex>.</def> \'bd<xex>Secure</xex> from fortune's
blows.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Safe; undisturbed; easy; sure; certain; assured;
confident; careless; heedless; inattentive.</syn>
<hw>Se*cure"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Secured</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Securing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make
safe; to relieve from apprehensions of, or exposure to, danger;
to guard; to protect.</def>
<q>I spread a cloud before the victor's sight,
Sustained the vanquished, and <qex>secured</qex> his flight.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put beyond hazard of losing or of not
receiving; to make certain; to assure; to insure; -- frequently
with <xex>against</xex> or <xex>from</xex>, rarely with
<xex>of</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>secure</ex> a creditor against
loss; to <ex>secure</ex> a debt by a mortgage</as>.</def>
<q>It <qex>secures</qex> its possessor of eternal happiness.</q>
<qau>T. Dick.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make fast; to close or confine effectually;
to render incapable of getting loose or escaping; <as>as, to
<ex>secure</ex> a prisoner; to <ex>secure</ex> a door, or the
hatches of a ship</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To get possession of; to make one's self secure
of; to acquire certainly; <as>as, to <ex>secure</ex> an
estate</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Secure arms</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a command and a
position in the manual of arms, used in wet weather, the object
being to guard the firearm from becoming wet. The piece is turned
with the barrel to the front and grasped by the right hand at the
lewer band, the muzzle is dropped to the front, and the piece
held with the guard under the right arm, the hand supported
against the hip, and the thumb on the rammer.</cd></cs>
<hw>Se*cure"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a secure manner;
without fear or apprehension; without danger; safely.</def>
<q>His daring foe . . . <qex>securely</qex> him defied.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Se*cure"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
securing; protection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Society condemns the <qex>securement</qex> in all cases of
perpetual protection by means of perpetual imprisonment.</q>
<qau>C. A. Ives.</qau>
<hw>Se*cure"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition or
quality of being secure; exemption from fear; want of vigilance;
security.</def>
<hw>Se*cur"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, secures.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sec`u*rif"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from L. <ets>securis</ets> an ax + <ets>ferre</ets> to
bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Serrifera.</def>
<hw>Se*cu"ri*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>securis</ets> an ax or hatchet + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>s\'82curiforme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>
<def>Having the form of an ax hatchet.</def>
<hw>Se*cu"ri*palp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>securis</ets> ax, hatchet + E. <ets>palp</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a family of beetles having the
maxillary palpi terminating in a hatchet-shaped joint.</def>
<hw>Se*cu"ri*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Securities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>securitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82curit\'82</ets>. See
<er>Secure</er>, and cf. <er>Surety</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The condition or quality of being secure; secureness.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Freedom from apprehension,
anxiety, or care; confidence of power of safety; hence,
assurance; certainty.</def>
<q>His trembling hand had lost the ease,
Which marks <qex>security</qex> to please.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Hence, carelessness; negligence;
heedlessness</def>.
<q>He means, my lord, that we are too remiss,
Whilst Bolingbroke, through our <qex>security</qex>,
Grows strong and great in substance and in power.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Freedom from risk; safety</def>.
<q>Give up yourself merely to chance and hazard,
From firm <qex>security</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Some . . . alleged that we should have no <qex>security</qex>
for our trade.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which secures or makes safe; protection;
guard; defense.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Something
given, deposited, or pledged, to make certain the fulfillment of
an obligation, the performance of a contract, the payment of a
debt, or the like; surety; pledge.</def>
<q>Those who lent him money lent it on no <qex>security</qex> but
his bare word.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who becomes surety for another, or engages
himself for the performance of another's obligation</def>.
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An evidence of debt or of property, as a bond, a
certificate of stock, etc.; <as>as, government
<ex>securities</ex></as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Protection; defense; guard; shelter; safety;
certainty; ease; assurance; carelessness; confidence; surety;
pledge; bail.</syn>
<hw>Se*dan"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Said to be
named from <ets>Sedan</ets>, in France, where it was first made,
and whence it was introduced into England in the time of King
Charles I.]</ety> <def>A portable chair or covered vehicle for
carrying a single person, -- usually borne on poles by two men.
Called also <altname>sedan chair</altname>.</def>
<hw>Se*date"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sedatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>sedare</ets>,
<ets>sedatum</ets>, to allay, calm, causative of
<ets>sedere</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety>
<def>Undisturbed by passion or caprice; calm; tranquil; serene;
not passionate or giddy; composed; staid; <as>as, a
<ex>sedate</ex> soul, mind, or temper</as>.</def>
<q>Disputation carries away the mind from that calm and
<qex>sedate</qex> temper which is so necessary to contemplate
truth.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<q>Whatsoever we feel and know
Too <qex>sedate</qex> for outward show.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Settled; composed; calm; quiet; tranquil; still;
serene; unruffled; undisturbed; conteplative; sober;
serious.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Se*date"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Se*date"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Se*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sedatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of calming, or the state
of being calm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Coles.</au>
<hw>Sed"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82datif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to calm, moderate, or
tranquilize; specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>, allaying
irritability and irritation; assuaging pain.</def>
<hw>Sed"a*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A
remedy which allays irritability and irritation, and irritative
activity or pain.</def>
<hw>Se"dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sedens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sedere</ets>
to sit. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <def>Sitting; inactive;
quiet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sed"en*ta*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
sedentary manner.</def>
<hw>Sed"en*ta*r*i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being
sedentary.</def>
<hw>Sed"en*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sedentarius</ets>, fr. <ets>sedere</ets> to sit: cf. F.
<ets>se\'82dentaire</ets>. See <er>Sedent</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Accustomed to sit much or long; <as>as, a
<ex>sedentary</ex> man</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Sedentary</xex>,
scholastic sophists.\'b8
<au>Bp. Warburton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by, or requiring, much sitting;
<as>as, a <ex>sedentary</ex> employment; a <ex>sedentary</ex>
life</as>.</def>
<q>Any education that confined itself to <qex>sedentary</qex>
pursuits was essentially imperfect.</q>
<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Inactive; motionless; sluggish; hence, calm;
tranquil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>sedentary</xex>
earth.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>The soul, considered abstractly from its passions, is of a
remiss, <qex>sedentary</qex> nature.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Caused by long sitting.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Sedentary</xex> numbness.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Remaining in one place,
especially when firmly attached to some object; <as>as, the
oyster is a <ex>sedentary</ex> mollusk; the barnacles are
<ex>sedentary</ex> crustaceans</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sedentary spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of
a tribe of spiders which rest motionless until their prey is
caught in their web.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Se*de"runt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
they sat, fr. <ets>sedere</ets> to sit.]</ety> <def>A sitting, as
of a court or other body.</def>
<q>'T is pity we have not Burn's own account of that long
<qex>sederunt</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>
<cs><col>Acts of sederunt</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>,
<cd>ordinances of the Court of Session for the ordering of
processes and expediting of justice.</cd></cs>
<au>Bell.</au>
<hw>Sedge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>segge</ets>, AS. <ets>secg</ets>; akin to LG.
<ets>segge</ets>; -- probably named from its bladelike
appearance, and akin to L. <ets>secare</ets> to cut, E.
<ets>saw</ets> a cutting instrument; cf. Ir. <ets>seisg</ets>, W.
<ets>hesg</ets>. Cf. <er>Hassock</er>, <er>Saw</er> the
instrument.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant
of the genus <spn>Carex</spn>, perennial, endogenous herbs, often
growing in dense tufts in marshy places. They have triangular
jointless stems, a spiked inflorescence, and long grasslike
leaves which are usually rough on the margins and midrib. There
are several hundred species.</def>
<note><hand/ The name is sometimes given to any other plant of
the order <spn>Cyperace\'91</spn>, which includes
<spn>Carex</spn>, <spn>Cyperus</spn>, <spn>Scirpus</spn>, and
many other genera of rushlike plants.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A flock of herons.</def>
<cs><col>Sedge ken</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the clapper
rail. See under 5th <er>Rail</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sedge
warbler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small European singing
bird (<spn>Acrocephalus phragmitis</spn>). It often builds its
nest among reeds; -- called also <altname>sedge bird</altname>,
<altname>sedge wren</altname>, <altname>night warbler</altname>,
and <altname>Scotch nightingale</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sedged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made or composed
of sedge.</def>
<q>With your <qex>sedged</qex> crowns and ever-harmless
looks.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sedg"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Overgrown with
sedge.</def>
<q>On the gentle Severn\'b6s <qex>sedgy</qex> bank.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Se*dil"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>;
<sing>sing. <singw>Sedile</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>. <ety>[L.
<ets>sedile</ets> a seat.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Seats in
the chancel of a church near the altar for the officiating clergy
during intervals of service.</def>
<au>Hook.</au>
<hw>Sed"i*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>s\'82diment</ets>, L. <ets>sedimentum</ets> a settling, fr.
<ets>sedere</ets> to sit, to settle. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The matter which subsides to the bottom, frrom
water or any other liquid; settlings; lees; dregs.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The material of which
sedimentary rocks are formed.</def>
<hw>Sed`i*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sedimentary.</def>
<hw>Sed`i*men"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82dimentaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to
sediment; formed by sediment; containing matter that has
subsided.</def>
<cs><col>Sedimentary rocks</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Aqueous rocks</cref>, under <er>Aqueous</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sed`i*men*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of depositing a sediment; specifically <fld>(Geol.)</fld>,
the deposition of the material of which sedimentary rocks are
formed.</def>
<hw>Se*di"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sedicioun</ets>, OF. <ets>sedition</ets>, F.
<ets>s\'82dition</ets>, fr. L. <ets>seditio</ets>, originally, a
going aside; hence, an insurrectionary separation; pref.
<ets>se-</ets>, <ets>sed-</ets>, aside + <ets>itio</ets> a going,
fr. <ets>ire</ets>, <ets>itum</ets>, to go. Cf.
<er>Issue</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The raising of commotion
in a state, not amounting to insurrection; conduct tending to
treason, but without an overt act; excitement of discontent
against the government, or of resistance to lawful
authority.</def>
<q>In soothing them, we nourish 'gainst our senate
The cockle of rebellion, insolence, <qex>sedition</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Noisy demagogues who had been accused of
<qex>sedition</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Dissension; division; schism.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Now the works of the flesh are manifest, . . . emulations,
wrath, strife, <qex>seditions</qex>, heresies.</q>
<qau>Gal. v. 19, 20.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Insurrection; tumult; uproar; riot; rebellion;
revolt. See <er>Insurrection</er>.</syn>
<hw>Se*di"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
inciter or promoter of sedition.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Se*di"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>seditiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82ditieux</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to sedition; partaking of the
nature of, or tending to excite, sedition; <as>as,
<ex>seditious</ex> behavior; <ex>seditious</ex> strife;
<ex>seditious</ex> words</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disposed to arouse, or take part in, violent
opposition to lawful authority; turbulent; factious; guilty of
sedition; <as>as, <ex>seditious</ex> citizens</as>.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Se*di"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Se*di"tious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sed"litz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Seidlitz</er>.</def>
<hw>Se*duce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Seduced</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Seducing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>seducere</ets>,
<ets>seductum</ets>; pref. <ets>se-</ets> aside +
<ets>ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To draw aside from the path of rectitude and duty in any
manner; to entice to evil; to lead astray; to tempt and lead to
iniquity; to corrupt.</def>
<q>For me, the gold of France did not <qex>seduce</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, to induce to surrender chastity;
to debauch by means of solicitation.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To allure; entice; tempt; attract; mislead; decoy;
inveigle. See <er>Allure</er>.</syn>
<hw>Se*duce"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of seducing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The means employed to seduce, as flattery,
promises, deception, etc.; arts of enticing or corrupting.</def>
<au>Pope.</au>
<hw>Se*du"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, seduces; specifically, one who prevails over the
chastity of a woman by enticements and persuasions.</def>
<q>He whose firm faith no reason could remove,
Will melt before that soft <qex>seducer</qex>, love.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Se*du"ci*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being seduced; corruptible.</def>
<hw>Se*du"cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Seductive.</def> \'bdThy sweet <xex>seducing</xex>
charms.\'b8 <au>Cowper</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Se*du"cing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Se*duc*tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>seductio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82duction</ets>.
<ets>See</ets> <er>Seduce</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act
of seducing; enticement to wrong doing; specifically, the offense
of inducing a woman to consent to unlawful sexual intercourse, by
enticements which overcome her scruples; the wrong or crime of
persuading a woman to surrender her chastity.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which seduces, or is adapted to seduce;
means of leading astray; <as>as, the <ex>seductions</ex> of
wealth</as>.</def>
<hw>Se*duc"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to
lead astray; apt to mislead by flattering appearances; tempting;
alluring; <as>as, a <ex>seductive</ex> offer</as>.</def>
<q>This may enable us to understand how <qex>seductive</qex> is
the influence of example.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<hw>Se*duc"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a seductive
manner.</def>
<hw>Se*duc"tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman
who seduces.</def>
<hw>Se*du"li*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sedulitas</ets>. See <er>Sedulous</er>.]</ety> <def>The
quality or state of being sedulous; diligent and assiduous
application; constant attention; unremitting industry;
sedulousness.</def>
<q>The industrious bee, by his <qex>sedulity</qex> in summer,
lives in honey all the winter.</q>
<qau>Feltham.</qau>
<hw>Sed"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sedulus</ets>, perhaps from <ets>sedere</ets> to sit, and so
akin to E. <ets>sit</ets>.]</ety> <def>Diligent in application or
pursuit; constant, steady, and persevering in business, or in
endeavors to effect an object; steadily industrious; assiduous;
<as>as, the <ex>sedulous</ex> bee</as>.</def>
<q>What signifies the sound of words in prayer, without the
affection of the heart, and a <qex>sedulous</qex> application of
the proper means that may naturally lead us to such an end?</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Assiduous; diligent; industrious; laborious;
unremitting; untiring; unwearied; persevering.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sed"u*lous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sed"u*lous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>\'d8Se"dum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L.
<ets>sedere</ets> to sit; so called in allusion to the manner in
which the plants attach themselves to rocks and walls.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, mostly perennial,
having succulent leaves and cymose flowers; orpine;
stonecrop.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>See</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>se</ets>,
<ets>see</ets>, OF. <ets>se</ets>, <ets>sed</ets>,
<ets>sied</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sedes</ets> a seat, or the kindred
<ets>sedere</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>, and cf.
<er>Siege</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A seat; a site; a place
where sovereign power is exercised.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Jove laughed on Venus from his sovereign <qex>see</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> The seat of episcopal
power; a diocese; the jurisdiction of a bishop; <as>as, the
<ex>see</ex> of New York</as>. <sd>(b)</sd> The seat of an
archibishop; a province or jurisdiction of an archibishop;
<as>as, an archiepiscopal <ex>see</ex></as>. <sd>(c)</sd> The
seat, place, or office of the pope, or Roman pontiff; <as>as, the
papal <ex>see</ex></as>. <sd>(d)</sd> The pope or his court at
Rome; <as>as, to appeal to the <ex>see</ex> of Rome</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Apostolic see</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Apostolic</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1303 -->
<hw>See</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Saw</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Seen</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Seeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>seen</ets>,
<ets>sen</ets>, <ets>seon</ets>, As. <ets>se\'a2n</ets>; akin to
OFries. <ets>s\'c6a</ets>, D. <ets>zien</ets>, OS. & OHG.
<ets>sehan</ets>, G. <ets>sehen</ets>, Icel. <ets>sj\'be</ets>,
Sw. <ets>se</ets>, Dan. <ets>see</ets>, Goth.
<ets>sa\'a1hwan</ets>, and probably to L. <ets>sequi</ets> to
follow (and so originally meaning, to follow with the eyes). Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, Skr. <ets>sac</ets>. Cf. <er>Sight</er>,
<er>Sun</er> to follow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To perceive by
the eye; to have knowledge of the existence and apparent
qualities of by the organs of sight; to behold; to descry; to
view.</def>
<q>I will new turn aside, and <qex>see</qex> this great
sight.</q>
<qau>Ex. iii. 3.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perceive by mental vision; to form an idea or
conception of; to note with the mind; to observe; to discern; to
distinguish; to understand; to comprehend; to ascertain.</def>
<q>Go, I pray thee, <qex>see</qex> whether it be well with thy
brethren.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxxvii. 14.</qau>
<q>Jesus <qex>saw</qex> that he answered discreetly.</q>
<qau>Mark xii. 34.</qau>
<q>Who 's so gross
That <qex>seeth</qex> not this palpable device?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To follow with the eyes, or as with the eyes; to
watch; to regard attentivelly; to look after.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>I had a mind to <qex>see</qex> him out, and therefore did not
care for centradicting him.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To have an interview with; especially, to make a
call upon; to visit; <as>as, to go to <ex>see</ex> a
friend</as>.</def>
<q>And Samuel came no more to <qex>see</qex> Saul untill the day
of his death.</q>
<qau>1 Sam. xv. 35.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To fall in with; to have intercourse or
communication with; hence, to have knowledge or experience of;
<as>as, to <ex>see</ex> military service</as>.</def>
<q>Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted
us, and the years wherein we have <qex>seen</qex> evil.</q>
<qau>Ps. xc. 15.</qau>
<q>Verily, verily, I say unto you, if a man keep my saying, he
shall never <qex>see</qex> death.</q>
<qau>John viii. 51.</qau>
<q>Improvement in visdom and prudence by <qex>seeing</qex>
men.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To accompany in person; to escort; to wait upon;
<as>as, to <ex>see</ex> one home; to <ex>see</ex> one aboard the
cars</as>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>God you</col> (<col>him, <or/ me</col>, etc.)
<col>see</col></mcol>, <cd>God keep you (him, me, etc.) in his
sight; God protect you. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To see</col> (anything)
<col>out</col></mcol>, <cd>to see (it) to the end; to be present
at, or attend, to the end.</cd> -- <col>To see stars</col>,
<cd>to see flashes of light, like stars; -- sometimes the result
of concussion of the head.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To
see</col> (one) <col>through</col></mcol>, <cd>to help, watch, or
guard (one) to the end of a course or an undertaking.</cd></cs>
<hw>See</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have the power
of sight, or of perceiving by the proper organs; to possess or
employ the sense of vision; <as>as, he <ex>sees</ex>
distinctly</as>.</def>
<q>Whereas I was blind, now I <qex>see</qex>.</q>
<qau>John ix. 25.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively: To have intellectual apprehension;
to perceive; to know; to understand; to discern; -- often
followed by a preposition, as <xex>through</xex>, or
<xex>into</xex>.</def>
<q>For judgment I am come into this world, that they which
<qex>see</qex> not might <qex>see</qex>; and that they which
<qex>see</qex> might be made blind.</q>
<qau>John ix. 39.</qau>
<q>Many sagacious persons will find us out, . . . and
<qex>see</qex> through all our fine pretensions.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be attentive; to take care; to give heed; --
generally with <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>see</ex> to the
house</as>.</def>
<q><qex>See</qex> that ye fall not out by the way.</q>
<qau>Gen. xiv. 24.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Let me see</xex>, <xex>Let us see</xex>, are
used to express consideration, or to introduce the particular
consideration of a subject, or some scheme or calculation.</note>
<q>Cassio's a proper man, <qex>let me see</qex> now, -
To get his place.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>See</xex> is sometimes used in the imperative
for <xex>look</xex>, or <xex>behold</xex>. \'bd<xex>See</xex>.
<xex>see</xex>! upon the banks of Boyne he stands.\'b8</note>
<au>Halifax.</au>
<cs><col>To see about a thing</col>, <cd>to pay attention to it;
to consider it.</cd> -- <col>To see on</col>, <cd>to look at.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdShe was full more blissful <xex>on to
see<xex>.\'b8 <au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> -- <col>To see to</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To look at; to behold; to view</cd>.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAn altar by Jordan, a great altar <xex>to
see to<xex>\'b8 <au>Josh. xxii. 10</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To take
care about; to look after; <as>as, <ex>to see to<ex> a
fire</as>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Seed</plw> or <plw>Seeds</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.
<ets>seed</ets>, <ets>sed</ets>, AS. <ets>s<?/d</ets>, fr.
<ets>s\'bewan</ets> to sow; akin to D. <ets>zaad</ets> seed, G.
<ets>saat</ets>, Icel. <ets>s\'be<?/</ets>, <ets>s<?/<?/i</ets>,
Goth. mana<ets>s<?/ps</ets> seed of men. world. See <er>Sow</er>
to scatter seed, and cf. <er>Colza</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A ripened ovule, consisting
of an embryo with one or more integuments, or coverings; <as>as,
an apple <ex>seed</ex>; a currant <ex>seed</ex>.</as> By
germination it produces a new plant.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any
small seedlike fruit, though it may consist of a pericarp, or
even a calyx, as well as the seed proper; <as>as, parsnip
<ex>seed</ex>; thistle <ex>seed</ex>.</as></def>
<q>And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb
yielding <qex>seed</qex>, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after
his kind, whose <qex>seed</qex> is in itself.</q>
<qau>Gen. i. 11.</qau>
<note><hand/ The seed proper has an outer and an inner coat, and
within these the kernel or nucleus. The kernel is either the
embryo alone, or the embryo inclosed in the albumen, which is the
material for the nourishment of the developing embryo. The scar
on a seed, left where the stem parted from it, is called the
<xex>hilum</xex>, and the closed orifice of the ovule, the
<xex>micropyle</xex>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The generative fluid of
the male; semen; sperm; -- not used in the plural.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That from which anything springs; first
principle; original; source; <as>as, the <ex>seeds</ex> of virtue
or vice</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The principle of production.</def>
<q>Praise of great acts he scatters as a <qex>seed</qex>,
<qex>Which may the like in coming ages breed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Progeny; offspring; children; descendants;
<as>as, the <ex>seed</ex> of Abraham; the <ex>seed</ex> of
David</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ In this sense the word is applied to one person, or
to any number collectively, and admits of the plural form, though
rarely used in the plural.</note>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Race; generation; birth.</def>
<q>Of mortal <qex>seed</qex> they were not held.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<cs><col>Seed bag</col> <fld>(Artesian well)</fld>, <cd>a packing
to prevent percolation of water down the bore hole. It consists
of a bag encircling the tubing and filled with flax seed, which
swells when wet and fills the space between the tubing and the
sides of the hole.</cd> -- <col>Seed bud</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>the germ or rudiment of the plant in the embryo state; the
ovule.</cd> -- <col>Seed coat</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the
covering of a seed.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Seed corn</col>, <or/
<col>Seed grain</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>corn or grain
for seed.</cd> -- <col>Seed down</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the
soft hairs on certain seeds, as cotton seed.</cd> -- <col>Seed
drill</col>. <cd>See 6th <er>Drill</er>, 2 <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd> --
<col>Seed eater</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any finch of the
genera <spn>Sporophila</spn>, and <spn>Crithagra</spn>. They feed
mainly on seeds.</cd> -- <col>Seed gall</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any gall which resembles a seed,
formed, on the leaves of various plants, usually by some species
of Phylloxera.</cd> -- <col>Seed leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a cotyledon.</cd> -- <col>Seed lobe</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a cotyledon; a seed leaf.</cd> -- <col>Seed oil</col>,
<cd>oil expressed from the seeds of plants.</cd> -- <col>Seed
oyster</col>, <cd>a young oyster, especially when of a size
suitable for transplantation to a new locality.</cd> -- <col>Seed
pearl</col>, <cd>a small pearl of little value.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Seed plat</col>, <or/ <col>Seed plot</col></mcol>,
<cd>the ground on which seeds are sown, to produce plants for
transplanting; a nursery.</cd> -- <col>Seed stalk</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the stalk of an ovule or seed; a
funicle.</cd> -- <col>Seed tick</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>one of several species of ticks resembling seeds in form and
color.</cd> -- <col>Seed vessel</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>that
part of a plant which contains the seeds; a pericarp.</cd> --
<col>Seed weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
numerous small weevels, especially those of the genus
<spn>Apion</spn>, which live in the seeds of various plants.</cd>
-- <col>Seed wool</col>, <cd>cotton wool not yet cleansed of its
seeds.</cd> <mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Seed</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Seeded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Seeding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sprinkle with
seed; to plant seeds in; to sow; <as>as, to <ex>seed</ex> a
field</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover thinly with something scattered; to
ornament with seedlike decorations.</def>
<q>A sable mantle <qex>seeded</qex> with waking eyes.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<cs><col>To seed down</col>, <cd>to sow with grass
seed.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seed"box`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A capsule.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plant
(<spn>Ludwigia alternifolia</spn>) which has somewhat cubical or
box-shaped capsules.</def>
<hw>Seed"cake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sweet cake
or cooky containing aromatic seeds, as caraway.</def>
<au>Tusser.</au>
<hw>Seed"cod`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
seedlip.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Seed"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, sows or plants seed.</def>
<hw>Seed`i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being seedy, shabby, or worn out; a state of
wretchedness or exhaustion.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>G. Eliot.</au>
<q>What is called <qex>seedness</qex>, after a debauch, is a
plain proof that nature has been outraged.</q>
<qau>J. S. Blackie.</qau>
<hw>Seed"-lac`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A species of
lac. See the Note under <er>Lac</er>.</def>
<hw>Seed"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without seed or
seeds.</def>
<hw>Seed"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A plant reared from the seed, as distinguished from one
propagated by layers, buds, or the like.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Seed"lip`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Seed"lop`</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>s<?/dle\'a0p</ets>; <ets>s<?/d</ets> seed +
<ets>le\'a0p</ets> basket.]</ety> <def>A vessel in which a sower
carries the seed to be scattered.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Seed"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>See</pos>
<def><er>Seedsman</er>.</def>
<hw>Seed"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Seedtime.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Seeds"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Seedsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
sower; one who sows or scatters seed.</def>
<q>The <qex>seedsman</qex>
Upon the slime and ooze scatters his grain.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person who deals in seeds.</def>
<hw>Seed"time`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>s<?/d\'c6ma</ets>.]</ety> <def>The season proper for
sowing.</def>
<q>While the earth remaineth, <qex>seedtime</qex> and harvest,
and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night,
shall not cease.</q>
<au>Gen. viii. 22.</au>
<hw>Seed"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Seedier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Seediest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Abounding with seeds; bearing seeds; having run to
seeds.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a peculiar flavor supposed to be derived
from the weeds growing among the vines; -- said of certain kinds
of FRench brandy.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Old and worn out; exhausted; spiritless; also,
poor and miserable looking; shabily clothed; shabby looking;
<as>as, he looked <ex>seedy</ex> coat</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>Little Flanigan here . . . is a little <qex>seedy</qex>, as we
say among us that practice the law.</q>
<au>Goldsmith.</au>
<cs><col>Seedy toe</col>, <cd>an affection of a horse's foot, in
which a cavity filled with horn powder is formed between the
lamin\'91 and the wall of the hoof.</cd></cs>
<hw>See"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos> <def>(but
originally a <xex>present participle</xex>). In view of the fact
(that); considering; taking into account (that); insmuch as;
since; because; -- followed by a dependent clause; <as>as, he did
well, <ex>seeing</ex> that he was so young</as>.</def>
<q>Wherefore come ye to me, <qex>seeing</qex> ye hate me?</q>
<qau>Gen. xxvi. 27.</qau>
<hw>Seek</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sick.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Seek</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sought</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Seeking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE, <ets>seken</ets>, AS.
<ets>s<?/can</ets>, <ets>s<?/cean</ets>; akin to OS.
<ets>s<?/kian</ets>, LG. <ets>s\'94ken</ets>, D.
<ets>zoeken</ets>, OHG. <ets>suohhan</ets>, G. <ets>suchen</ets>,
Icel. <ets>s<?/kja</ets>, Sw. <ets>s\'94ka</ets>, Dan.
<ets>s\'94ge</ets>, Goth. <ets>s<?/kjan</ets>, and E.
<ets>sake</ets>. Cf. <er>Beseech</er>, <er>Ransack</er>,
<er>Sagacious</er>, <er>Sake</er>, <er>Soc</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To go in search of; to look for; to search for;
to try to find.</def>
<q>The man saked him, saying, What <qex>seekest</qex> thou? And
he said, I <qex>seek</qex> my brethren.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxxvii. 15,16.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inquire for; to ask for; to solicit; to
bessech.</def>
<q>Others, tempting him, <qex>sought</qex> of him a sign.</q>
<qau>Luke xi. 16.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To try to acquire or gain; to strive after; to
aim at; <as>as, to <ex>seek</ex> wealth or fame; to <ex>seek</ex>
one's life</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To try to reach or come to; to go to; to resort
to.</def>
<q><qex>Seek</qex> not Bethel, nor enter into Gilgal.</q>
<qau>Amos v. 5.</qau>
<q>Since great Ulysses <qex>sought</qex> the Phrygian plains.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Seek</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make search
or inquiry: to endeavor to make discovery.</def>
<q><qex>Seek</qex> ye out of the book of the Lord, and read.</q>
<qau>Isa. xxxiv. 16.</qau>
<cs><col>To seek</col>, <cd>needing to seek or search; hence,
unpreparated.</cd> \'bdUnpracticed, unpreparated, and still
<xex>to seek</xex>.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>. <mark>[Obs]</mark> --
<col>To seek after</col>, <cd>to make pursuit of; to attempt to
find or take.</cd> -- <col>To seek for</col>, <cd>to endeavor to
find.</cd> -- <col>To seek to</col>, <cd>to apply to; to resort
to; to court. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAll the earth <xex>sought
to<xex> Solomon, to hear his wisdom.\'b8 <au>1. Kings x.
24</au>.</cd> -- <col>To seek upon</col>, <cd>to make strict
inquiry after; to follow up; to persecute.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>
<q><qex>To seek</qex>
<qex>Upon</qex> a man and do his soul unrest.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Seek"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who seeks; that which is used in seeking or searching.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of a small heterogeneous
sect of the 17th century, in Great Britain, who professed to be
seeking the true church, ministry, and sacraments.</def>
<q>A skeptic [is] ever seeking and never finds, like our new
upstart sect of <qex>Seekers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bullokar.</qau>
<hw>Seek"-no-fur`ther</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
kind of choice winter apple, having a subacid taste; -- formerly
called <altname>go-no-further</altname>.</def>
<hw>Seek"-sor`row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
contrives to give himself vexation.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<hw>Seel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Seeled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Seeling</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[F.<ets>siller</ets>, <ets>ciller</ets>, fr. <ets>cil</ets>
an eyelash, L. <ets>cilium</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To close the eyes of (a hawk or other
bird) by drawing through the lids threads which were fastened
over the head.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<q>Fools climbs to fall: fond hopes, like <qex>seeled</qex> doves
for want of better light, mount till they end their flight with
falling.</q>
<qau>J. Reading.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to shut or close, as the eyes; to
blind.</def>
<q>Come, <qex>seeling</qex> night,
Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Gold death, with a violent fate, his sable eyes did
<qex>seel</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<hw>Seel</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>sielen</ets>
to lead off water, F. <ets>siller</ets> to run ahead, to make
headway, E. <ets>sile</ets>, v.t.]</ety> <def>To incline to one
side; to lean; to roll, as a ship at sea.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Seel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Seel"ing</hw>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The rolling or agitation of a ship in a
sterm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sandys.</au>
<hw>Seel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>s<?/l</ets>, from
<ets>s<?/l</ets> good, prosperous. See <er>Silly</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Good fortune; favorable opportunity; prosperity.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSo have I <xex>seel</xex>\'b8.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Time; season; <as>as, hay
<ex>seel</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Seel"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a silly
manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Seel"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Silly</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Seem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Seemed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Seeming</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>semen</ets> to seem, to become, befit, AS.
<ets>s<?/man</ets> to satisfy, pacify; akin to Icel.
<ets>s<?/ma</ets> to honor, to bear with, conform to,
<ets>s<?/mr</ets> becoming, fit, <ets>s<?/ma</ets> to beseem, to
befit, <ets>sama</ets> to beseem, <ets>semja</ets> to arrange,
settle, put right, Goth. <ets>samjan</ets> to please, and to E.
<ets>same</ets>. The sense is probably due to the adj.
<ets>seemly</ets>. <root/191. See <er>Same</er>, <pos>a.</pos>,
and cf. <er>Seemly</er>.]</ety> <def>To appear, or to appear to
be; to have a show or semblance; to present an appearance; to
look; to strike one's apprehension or fancy as being; to be taken
as.</def> \'bdIt now <xex>seemed</xex> probable.\'b8
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<q>Thou picture of what thou <qex>seem'st</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>All <qex>seemed</qex> well pleased; all <qex>seemed</qex>, but
were not all.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>There is a way which <qex>seemeth</qex> right unto a man; but
the end thereof are the ways of death.</q>
<qau>Prov. xiv. 12.</qau>
<cs><col>It seems</col>, <cd>it appears; it is understood as
true; it is said.</cd></cs>
<q>A prince of Italy, <qex>it seems</qex>, entertained his
misstress on a great lake.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To appear; look.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Seem</er>,
<er>Appear</er>. To <xex>appear</xex> has reference to a thing's
being presented to our view; as, the sun <xex>appears</xex>; to
<xex>seem</xex> is connected with the idea of
<xex>semblance</xex>, and usually implies an inference of our
mind as to the probability of a thing's being so; as, a storm
<xex>seems</xex> to be coming. \'bdThe story <xex>appears</xex>
to be true,\'b8 means that the facts, as presented, go to show
its truth; \'bdthe story <xex>seems</xex> to be true,\'b8 means
that it has the semblance of being so, and we infer that it is
true. \'bdHis first and principal care being to <xex>appear</xex>
unto his people such as he would have them be, and to be such as
he <xex>appeared</xex>.\'b8 <au>Sir P. Sidney.</au></usage>
<q><it>Ham.</it> Ay, madam, it is common.
<it>Queen</it>. If it be,
Why <qex>seems</qex> it so particular with thee?
<it>Ham.</it> <qex>Seems</qex>, madam! Nay, it is; I know not
\'bd<qex>seems</qex>.\'b8</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Seem</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To befit; to beseem.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Seem"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who seems;
one who carries or assumes an appearance or semblance.</def>
<q>Hence shall we see,
If power change purpose, what our <qex>seemers</qex> be.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Seem"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a semblance, whether
with or without reality; apparent; specious; befitting; <as>as,
<ex>seeming</ex> friendship; <ex>seeming</ex> truth</as>.</def>
<q>My lord, you have lost a friend indeed;
And I dare swear you borrow not that face
Of <qex>seeming</qex> sorrow, it is sure your own.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Seem"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Appearance;
show; semblance; fair appearance; speciousness.</def>
<q>These keep
<qex>Seeming</qex> and savor all the winter long.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Apprehension; judgment.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Nothing more clear unto their <qex>seeming</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<q>His persuasive words, impregned
With reason, to her <qex>seeming</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Seem"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In appearance; in
show; in semblance; apparently; ostensibly.</def>
<q>This the father <qex>seemingly</qex> complied with.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Seem"ing*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Semblance; fair
appearance; plausibility.</def>
<au>Sir K. Digby.</au>
<hw>Seem"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unseemly.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Seem"li*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
seemly manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Seem"li*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being seemly: comeliness; propriety.</def>
<-- p. 1304 -->
<hw>Seem"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos><er>Seemlier</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Seeliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>s<?/miligr</ets>, fr. <ets>s<?/mr</ets> becoming, fit; akin
to <ets>samr</ets> same, E. <ets>same</ets>; the sense being
properly, the same or like, hence, fitting. See <er>Seem</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Suited to the object, occasion,
purpose, or character; suitable; fit; becoming; comely;
decorous.</def>
<q>He had a <qex>seemly</qex> nose.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>I am a woman, lacking wit
To make a <qex>seemly</qex> answer to such persons.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Suspense of judgment and exercise of charity were safer and
<qex>seemlier</qex> for Christian men than the hot pursuit of
these controversies.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Becoming; fit; suitable; proper; appropriate;
congruous; meet; decent; decorous.</syn>
<hw>Seem"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Seemlier</er>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Seemliest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>In a
decent or suitable manner; becomingly.</def>
<q>Suddenly a men before him stood,
Not rustic as before, but <qex>seemlier</qex> clad,
As one in city or court or place bred.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Seem"ly*hed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>-hood</er>.]</ety> <def>Comely or decent appearance.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Rom. of R. Spenser.</au>
<hw>Seen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>of
<er>See</er>.</def>
<hw>Seen</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Versed; skilled;
accomplished.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Well <qex>seen</qex> in every science that mote be.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Noble Boyle, not less in nature <qex>seen</qex>,
Than his great brother read in states and men.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Seep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Sipe</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>s\'c6pan</ets> to distill.]</ety> <def>To run or soak
through fine pores and interstices; to ooze.</def> <mark>[Scot. &
U. S.]</mark>
<q>Water <qex>seeps</qex> up through the sidewalks.</q>
<qau>G. W. Cable.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Seep"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Sip"age</hw>
}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Water that seeped or oozed through a
porous soil.</def> <mark>[Scot. & U. S.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Seep"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Sip"y</hw>
}</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Oozy; -- applied to land under
cultivation that is not well drained.</def>
<hw>Seer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sore;
painful.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Ray.</au>
<hw>Se"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sees.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Seer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>See</er>.]</ety> <def>A person who foresees events; a
prophet.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Seer"ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female seer; a
prophetess.</def>
<hw>Seer"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A scombroid food fish of Maderia
(<spn>Cybium Commersonii</spn>).</def>
<hw>Seer"hand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>A kind of muslin of a texture between
nainsook and mull.</def>
<hw>Seer"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office or quality of a
seer.</def>
<hw>Seer"suck`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A light
fabric, originally made in the East Indies, of silk and linen,
usually having alternating stripes, and a slightly craped or
puckered surface; also, a cotton fabric of similar
appearance.</def>
<hw>Seer"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sear</er>.]</ety> <def>Dry wood.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>searwood</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>See"saw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably a
reduplication of <ets>saw</ets>, to express the alternate motion
to and fro, as in the act of sawing.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
play among children in which they are seated upon the opposite
ends of a plank which is balanced in the middle, and move
alternately up and down.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A plank or board adjusted for this play.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A vibratory or reciprocating motion.</def>
<q>He has been arguing in a circle; there is thus a
<qex>seesaw</qex> between the hypothesis and fact.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Whist.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Crossruff</er>.</def>
<hw>See"saw`</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Seesawad</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Seesawing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To move with a
reciprocating motion; to move backward and forward, or upward and
downward.</def>
<hw>See"saw`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to move
backward and forward in seesaw fashion.</def>
<q>He <qex>seesaws</qex> himself to and fro.</q>
<qau>Ld. Lytton.</qau>
<hw>See"saw`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moving up and down, or to
and fro; having a reciprocating motion.</def>
<hw>Seet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>imp.</pos>
<mord>of <er>Sit</er></mord>. <def>Sate; sat.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Seeth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Seethe</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Seethe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Seethed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>
(<er>Sod</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>); <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Seethed</er>, <er>Sodden</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Seething</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>sethen</ets>, AS. <ets>se\'a2<?/an</ets>; akin to
D. <ets>sieden</ets>, OHG. <ets>siodan</ets>, G.
<ets>sieden</ets>, Icel. <ets>sj<?/<?/a</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sjuda</ets>, Dan. <ets>syde</ets>, Goth. <ets>saubs</ets> a
burnt offering. Cf. <er>Sod</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Sodden</er>,
<er>Suds</er>.]</ety> <def>To decoct or prepare for food in hot
liquid; to boil; <as>as, to <ex>seethe</ex> flesh</as>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>seeth</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>Set on the great pot, and <qex>seethe</qex> pottage for the
sons of the prophets.</q>
<qau>2 Kings iv. 38.</qau>
<hw>Seethe</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be a state of
ebullition or violent commotion; to be hot; to boil.</def>
<au>1 Sam. ii. 13.</au>
<q>A long Pointe, round which the Mississippi used to whirl, and
<qex>seethe</qex>, and foam.</q>
<qau>G. W. Cable.</qau>
<hw>Seeth"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pot for
boiling things; a boiler.</def>
<q>Like burnished gold the little <qex>seether</qex> shone.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Seg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sedge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Sedge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The gladen, and other species of Iris.</def>
<au>Prior.</au>
<hw>Seg</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably from the root of L.
<ets>secare</ets> to cut.]</ety> <def>A castrated bull.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Se*gar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Cigar</er>.</def>
<hw>Seg"gar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.
<ets>saggard</ets> a seggar, <ets>seggard</ets> a sort of riding
surtout, contr. fr. <ets>safeguard</ets>.]</ety> <def>A case or
holder made of fire clay, in which fine pottery is inclosed while
baking in the kin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>saggar</asp>,
<asp>sagger</asp>, and <asp>segger</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Ure.</au>
<hw>Segge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.The
hedge sparrow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Seg"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>segmentum</ets>, fr. <ets>secare</ets> to cut, cut off: cf.
F. <ets>segment</ets>. See <er>Saw</er> a cutting
instrument.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the parts into which
any body naturally separates or is divided; a part divided or cut
off; a section; a portion; <as>as, a <ex>segment</ex> of an
orange; a <ex>segment</ex> of a compound or divided
leaf.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A part cut off from a figure
by a line or plane; especially, that part of a circle contained
between a chord and an arc of that circle, or so much of the
circle as is cut off by the chord; <as>as, the <ex>segment
acb</ex> in the Illustration</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A piece in the
form of the sector of a circle, or part of a ring; <as>as, the
<ex>segment</ex> of a sectional fly wheel or flywheel
rim</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A segment gear.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the cells
or division formed by segmentation, as in egg cleavage or in
fissiparous cell formation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the
divisions, rings, or joints into which many animal bodies are
divided; a somite; a metamere; a somatome.</def>
<cs><col>Segment gear</col>, <cd>a piece for receiving or
communicating reciprocating motion from or to a cogwheel,
consisting of a sector of a circular gear, or ring, having cogs
on the periphery, or face.</cd> -- <col>Segment of a line</col>,
<cd>the part of a line contained between two points on it.</cd>
-- <col>Segment of a sphere</col>, <cd>the part of a sphere cut
off by a plane, or included between two parallel planes.</cd> --
<col>Ventral segment</col>. <fld>(Acoustics)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Loor</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 5.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seg"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To divide or separate into parts in
growth; to undergo segmentation, or cleavage, as in the
segmentation of the ovum.</def>
<hw>Seg*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Relating to, or being, a segment.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or
pertaining to the segments of animals; <as>as, a
<ex>segmental</ex> duct; <ex>segmental</ex>
papill\'91.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the
segmental organs.</def>
<cs><col>Segmental duct</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the
primitive duct of the embryonic excretory organs which gives rise
to the Wolffian duct and ureter; the pronephric duct.</cd> --
<col>Segmental organs</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<cd>The embryonic excretory organs of vertebrates, consisting
primarily of the segmental tubes and segmental ducts</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>The tubular excretory
organs, a pair of which often occur in each of several segments
in annelids. They serve as renal organs, and often, also, as
oviducts and sperm ducts. See <xex>Illust<xex>. under
<er>Sipunculacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Segmental tubes</col>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the tubes which primarily open into the
segmental duct, some of which become the urinary tubules of the
adult.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seg`men*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
or process of dividing into segments; specifically
<fld>(Biol.)</fld>, a self-division into segments as a result of
growth; cell cleavage; cell multiplication; endogenous cell
formation.</def>
<cs><col>Segmentation cavity</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the
cavity formed by the arrangement of the cells in segmentation or
cleavage of the ovum; the cavity of the blastosphere. In the
gastrula stage, the segmentation cavity in which the mesoblast is
formed lies between the entoblast and ectoblast. See Illust. of
<er>Invagination</er>.</cd> -- <col>Segmentation nucleus</col>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the body formed by fusion of the male and
female pronucleus in an impregnated ovum. See the Note under
<er>Pronucleus</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Segmentation of the
ovum</col>, <or/ <col>Egg cleavage</col></mcol>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the process by which the embryos of all
the higher plants and animals are derived from the germ cell. In
the simplest case, that of small ova destitute of food yolk, the
ovum or egg divides into two similar halves or segments
(blastomeres), each of these again divides into two, and so on,
thus giving rise to a mass of cells (mulberry mass, or
<xex>morula<xex>), all equal and similar, from the growth and
development of which the future animal is to be formed. This
constitutes <xex>regular segmentation<xex>. Quite frequently,
however, the equality and regularity of cleavage is interfered
with by the presence of food yolk, from which results
<xex>unequal segmentation<xex>. See <er>Holoblastic</er>,
<er>Meroblastic</er>, <er>Alecithal</er>,
<er>Centrolecithal</er>, <er>Ectolecithal</er>, and
<er>Ovum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Segmentation sphere</col>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the blastosphere, or morula. See
<er>Morula</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seg"ment*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Divided
into segments or joints; articulated.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Seg"ni*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Seg"ni*ty</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>segnitas</ets>,
fr. <ets>segnis</ets> slow, sluggish.]</ety> <def>Sluggishness;
dullness; inactivity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Se"gno</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. See
<er>Sign</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A sign. See <er>Al
segno</er>, and <er>Dal segno</er>.</def>
<hw>Se"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A liliaceous plant (<spn>Calochortus Nuttallii</spn>) of
Western North America, and its edible bulb; -- so called by the
Ute Indians and the Mormons.</def>
<hw>Seg"re*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>segregatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>segregare</ets> to separate;
pref. <ets>se-</ets> aside + <ets>grex</ets>, <ets>gregis</ets>,
a flock or herd. See <er>Gregarious</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Separate; select.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Separated from others of the
same kind.</def>
<hw>Seg"re*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Segregated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Segregating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To separate from others;
to set apart.</def>
<q>They are still <qex>segregated</qex>, Christians from
Christians, under odious designations.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Seg"re*gate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To
separate from a mass, and collect together about centers or along
lines of fracture, as in the process of crystallization or
solidification.</def>
<hw>Seg`re*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>segregatio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>s\'82gr\'82gation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
segregating, or the state of being segregated; separation from
others; a parting.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Separation from a mass, and
gathering about centers or into cavities at hand through cohesive
attraction or the crystallizing process.</def>
<hw>\'d8Seiches</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Local oscillations in
level observed in the case of some lakes, as Lake Geneva.</def>
<hw>Seid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar
<ets>seyid</ets> prince.]</ety> <def>A descendant of Mohammed
through his daughter Fatima and nephew Ali.</def>
<hw>Seid"litz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Seidlitz, a village in Bohemia.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>Sedlitz</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Seidlitz powders</col>, <cd>effervescing salts,
consisting of two separate powders, one of which contains forty
grains of sodium bicarbonate mixed with two drachms of Rochell<?/
salt (tartrate of potassium and sodium) and the other contains
thirty-five grains of tartaric acid. The powders are mixed in
water, and drunk while effervescing, as a mild cathartic; -- so
called from the resemblance to the natural water of Seidlitz.
Called also <altname>Rochelle powders</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Seidlitz water</col>, <cd>a natural water from Seidlitz,
containing magnesium, sodium, calcium, and potassium sulphates,
with calcium carbonate and a little magnesium chloride. It is
used as an aperient.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seigh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>obs. imp. sing.</pos> of
<er>See</er>. <er>Saw</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Seign*eu"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>seigneur</ets>. See <er>Seignior</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to the lord of a manor; manorial.</def>
<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Vested with large powers; independent.</def>
<hw>Seign"ior</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>seignor</ets>, F. <ets>seigneur</ets>, cf. It.
<ets>signore</ets>, Sp. <ets>se\'a4or</ets> from an objective
case of L. <ets>senier</ets> elder. See <er>Senior</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A lord; the lord of a manor.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A title of honor or of address in the South of
Europe, corresponding to <xex>Sir</xex> or <xex>Mr</xex>. in
English.</def>
<cs><col>Grand Seignior</col>, <cd>the sultan of
Turkey.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seign"ior*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>seigneuriage</ets>, OF. <ets>seignorage</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Something claimed or taken by virtue of
sovereign prerogative; specifically, a charge or toll deducted
from bullion brought to a mint to be coined; the difference
between the cost of a mass of bullion and the value as money of
the pieces coined from it.</def>
<q>If government, however, throws the expense of coinage, as is
reasonable, upon the holders, by making a charge to cover the
expense (which is done by giving back rather less in coin than
has been received in bullion, and is called \'bdlevying a
<qex>seigniorage</qex>\'b8), the coin will rise to the extent of
the <qex>seigniorage</qex> above the value of the bullion.</q>
<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A share of the receipts of a business taken in
payment for the use of a right, as a copyright or a patent.</def>
<hw>Seign"ior*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a seignior; seigneurial.</def> \'bdKingly or
<xex>seignioral</xex> patronage.\'b8
<au>Burke.</au>
<hw>Seign"ior*al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
territory or authority of a seignior, or lord.</def>
<au>Milman.</au>
<hw>Seign*io"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Seigneurial</er>.</def>
<hw>Seign"ior*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
lord it over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>As proud as he that <qex>seigniorizeth</qex> hell.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<hw>Seign"ior*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-ies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.
<ets>seignorie</ets>, OF. <ets>seigneurie</ets>, F.
<ets>seigneurie</ets>; cf. It. <ets>signoria</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The power or authority of a lord;
dominion.</def>
<q>O'Neal never had any <qex>seigniory</qex> over that country
but what by encroachment he got upon the English.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The territory over which a lord holds
jurisdiction; a manor.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>seigneury</asp>, and <asp>seignory</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Seine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>seine</ets>, or AS. <ets>segene</ets>, b<?/th fr. L.
<ets>sagena</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Fishing.)</fld>
<def>A large net, one edge of which is provided with sinkers, and
the other with floats. It hangs vertically in the water, and when
its ends are brought together or drawn ashore incloses the
fish.</def>
<cs><col>Seine boat</col>, <cd>a boat specially constructed to
carry and pay out a seine.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sein"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who fishes
with a seine.</def>
<hw>Sein"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fishing with a seine.</def>
<hw>Seint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Cincture</er>.]</ety> <def>A girdle.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdGirt with a <xex>seint</xex> of silk.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Seint</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A saint.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sein"tu*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sanctuary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Seir"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Seerfish</er>.</def>
<hw>Sei"ro*spore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a cord + E. <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>One of several spores arranged in a chain as in certain
alg\'91 of the genus <spn>Callithamnion</spn>.</def>
<hw>Seise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Seize</er>.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<note><hand/ This is the common spelling in the law phrase
<xex>to be seised of</xex> (an estate).</note>
<hw>Sei"sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Seizin</er>.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Seis"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Seis"mal</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ an
earthquake, from <?/<?/<?/ to shake.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining
to an earthquake; caused by an earthquake.</def>
<cs><col>Seismic vertical</col>, <cd>the point upon the earth's
surface vertically over the center of effort or focal point
whence the earthquake's impulse proceeds, or the vertical line
connecting these two points.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seis"mo*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ an earthquake + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An apparatus for registering the shocks
and undulatory motions of earthquakes.</def>
<hw>Seis`mo*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a seismograph; indicated by a seismograph.</def>
<hw>Seis*mog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A writing about, or a description of, earthquakes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art of registering the shocks and undulatory
movements of earthquakes.</def>
<hw>Seis`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to seismology.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Seis`mo*log"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Seis*mol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ an earthquake + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
science of earthquakes.</def>
<hw>Seis*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ an earthquake + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the
direction, duration, and force of earthquakes and like
concussions.</def>
<hw>Seis`mo*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to seismometry, or seismometer; <as>as,
<ex>seismometric</ex> instruments; <ex>seismometric</ex>
measurements</as>.</def>
<hw>Seis*mom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
mensuration of such phenomena of earthquakes as can be expressed
in numbers, or by their relation to the co\'94rdinates of
space.</def>
<hw>Seis"mo*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ an earthquake + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A seismometer.</def>
<hw>Se"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>se</ets> one's self.]</ety> <def>Something peculiar to one's
self.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Tatler.</au>
<hw>Seiz"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may be
seized.</def>
<hw>Seize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Seized</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Seizing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>seisen</ets>, <ets>saisen</ets>, OF.
<ets>seisir</ets>, <ets>saisir</ets>, F. <ets>saisir</ets>, of
Teutonic origin, and akin to E. <ets>set</ets>. The meaning is
properly, to set, put, place, hence, to put in possession of. See
<er>Set</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fall or
rush upon suddenly and lay hold of; to gripe or grasp suddenly;
to reach and grasp.</def>
<q>For by no means the high bank he could <qex>seize</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Seek you to <qex>seize</qex> and gripe into your hands
The royalties and rights of banished Hereford?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<-- p. 1305 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take possession of by force.</def>
<q>At last they <qex>seize</qex>
The scepter, and regard not David's sons.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To invade suddenly; to take sudden hold of; to
come upon suddenly; <as>as, a fever <ex>seizes</ex> a
patient</as>.</def>
<q>Hope and deubt alternate <qex>seize</qex> her seul.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(law)</fld> <def>To take possession of by virtue
of a warrant or other legal authority; <as>as, the sheriff
<ex>seized</ex> the debtor's goods</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To fasten; to fix.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>As when a bear hath <qex>seized</qex> her cruel claws
Upon the carcass of some beast too weak.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To grap with the mind; to comprehend fully and
distinctly; <as>as, to <ex>seize</ex> an idea</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To bind or fasten together
with a lashing of small stuff, as yarn or marline; <as>as, to
<ex>seize</ex> ropes</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ This word, by writers on law, is commonly written
<xex>seise</xex>, in the phrase <xex>to be seised of</xex> (an
estate), as also, in composition, <xex>disseise</xex>,
<xex>disseisin</xex>.</note>
<cs><col>To be seized of</col>, <cd>to have possession, or right
of possession; as, A B was <xex>seized<xex> and possessed
<xex>of<xex> the manor of Dale. \'bdWhom age might <xex>see
seized of<xex> what youth made prize.\'b8 <au>Chapman</au>.</cd>
-- <mcol><col>To seize on</col> <or/ <col>upon</col></mcol>,
<cd>to fall on and grasp; to take hold on; to take possession of
suddenly and forcibly.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To catch; grasp; clutch; snatch; apprehend; arrest;
take; capture.</syn>
<hw>Seiz"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, seizes.</def>
<hw>Sei"zin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>saisine</ets>. See <er>Seize</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Possession; possession of an estate of
froehold. It may be either in <xex>deed</xex> or in
<xex>law</xex>; the former when there is actual possession, the
latter when there is a right to such possession by construction
of law. In some of the United States <xex>seizin</xex> means
merely <xex>ownership</xex>.</def>
<au>Burrill.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of taking possession.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The thing possessed; property.</def>
<au>Sir M. Halle.</au>
<note><hand/ Commonly spelt by writers on law
<xex>seisin</xex>.</note>
<cs><col>Livery of seizin</col>. <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <cd>See
Note under <er>Livery</er>, 1.</cd></cs>
<hw>Seiz"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of taking or grasping suddenly.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The operation of
fastening together or lashing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cord
or lashing used for such fastening.</def>
<hw>Sei"zor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>One who seizes, or takes possession.</def>
<hw>Sei"zure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of seizing, or the state of being seized; sudden and
violent grasp or gripe; a taking into possession; <as>as, the
<ex>seizure</ex> of a thief, a property, a throne, etc.</as>
</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Retention within one's grasp or power; hold;
possession; ownership.</def>
<q>Make o'er thy honor by a deed of trust,
And give me <qex>seizure</qex> of the mighty wealth.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is seized, or taken possession of; a
thing laid hold of, or possessed.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Se"jant</hw>, <hw>Se"jeant</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>s\'82ant</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>seoir</ets> to sit, L. <ets>sedere</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Sitting, as a lion or other beast.</def>
<cs><col>Sejant rampant</col>, <cd>sitting with the forefeet
lifted up.</cd></cs>
<au>Wright.</au>
<hw>Se*jein"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sejungere</ets>; pref. <ets>se-</ets> aside +
<ets>jungere</ets> to join. See <er>Join</er>.]</ety> <def>To
separate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Se*junc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sejunctio</ets>. See <er>Sejoin</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of
disjoining, or the state of being disjoined.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Pearson.</au>
<hw>Se*jun"gi*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sejoin</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being disjoined.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Pearson.</au>
<hw>Seke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sick.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Seke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
seek.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>\'d8Se"kes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a pen, a sacred inclosure, a shrine.]</ety>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A place in a pagan temple in which the
images of the deities were inclosed.</def>
<hw>Se*la"chi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Selachii. See
<xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se*la"chi*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a fish having cartilages instead of
bones.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of
elasmobranchs including the sharks and rays; the Plagiostomi.
Called also <altname>Selacha</altname>,
<altname>Selache</altname>, and
<altname>Selachoidei</altname>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sel`a*choi"de*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Selachii</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Selachii</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sel`a*chos"to*mi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Selachii</er>, and <er>Stoma</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of ganoid fishes which
includes the paddlefish, in which the mouth is armed with small
teeth.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sel`a*gi*nel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>selago</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, a kind of
plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of cryptogamous
plants resembling Lycopodia, but producing two kinds of spores;
also, any plant of this genus. Many species are cultivated in
conservatories.</def>
<hw>Se"lah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.
<ets>sel\'beh</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A word of
doubtful meaning, occuring frequently in the Psalms; by some,
supposed to signify silence or a pause in the musical performance
of the song.</def>
<q>Beyond the fact that <qex>Selach</qex> is a musical term, we
know absolutely nothing about it.</q>
<qau>Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)</qau>
<hw>Sel"couth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>selc<?/<?/</ets>, <ets>seldc<?/<?/</ets>; <ets>seld</ets>
rare + <ets>c<?/<?/</ets> known. See <er>Uncouth</er>.]</ety>
<def>Rarely known; unusual; strange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>[She] wondered much at his so <qex>selcouth</qex> case.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Seld</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Seldom</er>.]</ety> <def>Rare; uncommon; unusual.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. Spenser.</au>
<hw>Seld</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Rarely; seldom.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sel"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Seldom.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sel"dem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<wordforms>[Usually, <pos>compar</pos>. <er>More seldom</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>superl</pos>. <er>Most seldom</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; but sometimes also, <er>Seldomer</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>, <er>Seldomest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>seldan</ets>, <ets>seldon</ets>, <ets>seldum</ets>, fr.
<ets>seld</ets> rare; akin to OFries. <ets>sielden</ets>, D.
<ets>zelden</ets>, G. <ets>selten</ets>, OHG. <ets>seltan</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sjaldan</ets>, Dan. <ets>sielden</ets>, Sw.
<ets>s\'84llan</ets>, Goth. <ets>sildaleiks</ets>
marvelous.]</ety> <def>Rarely; not often; not frequently.</def>
<q>Wisdom and youth are <qex>seldom</qex> joined in one.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<hw>Sel"dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rare;
infrequent.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark> \'bdA suppressed and
<xex>seldom</xex> anger.\'b8
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Sel"dom*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rareness.</def>
<au>Hooker.</au>
<hw>Seld"seen`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>seldsiene</ets>.]</ety> <def>Seldom seen.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Seld"shewn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Seld</ets> + <ets>shown</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rarely
shown or exhibited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Se*lect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>selectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>seligere</ets> to select;
pref. <ets>se-</ets> aside + <ets>levere</ets> to gather. See
<er>Legend</er>.]</ety> <def>Taken from a number by preferance;
picked out as more valuable or exellent than others; of special
value or exellence; nicely chosen; selected; choice.</def>
<q>A few <qex>select</qex> spirits had separated from the crowd,
and formed a fit audience round a far greater teacher.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Se*lect"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Selected</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Selecting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To choose and take from a
number; to take by preference from among others; to pick out; to
cull; <as>as, to <ex>select</ex> the best authors for
perusal</as>.</def> \'bdOne peculiar nation to
<xex>select</xex>.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>The pious chief . . .
A hundred youths from all his train <qex>selects</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Se*lect"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With care and
selection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Se*lec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>selectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82lection</ets>.]</ety> .
<def>The act of selecting, or the state of being selected;
choice, by preference.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is selected; a collection of things
chosen; <as>as, a choice <ex>selection</ex> of books</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Natural selection</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See
under <er>Natural</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Se*lect"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Selecting;
tending to select.</def>
<q>This <qex>selective</qex> providence of the Almighty.</q>
<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>
<hw>Se*lect"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Selectmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One of a board of
town officers chosen annually in the New England States to
transact the general public business of the town, and have a kind
of executive authority. The number is usually from three to seven
in each town.</def>
<q>The system of delegated town action was then, perhaps, the
same which was defined in an \'bdorder made in 1635 by the
inhabitants of Charlestown at a full meeting for the government
of the town, by <qex>selectmen</qex>;\'b8 the name presently
extended throughout New England to municipal governors.</q>
<qau>Palfrey.</qau>
<hw>Se*lect"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being select.</def>
<hw>Se*lect"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>One who selects.</def>
<hw>Sel"e*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of selenic acid; -- formerly
called also <altname>seleniate</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sel`en*hy"dric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating,
hydrogen selenide, <chform>H2Se</chform>, regarded as an acid
analogous to sulphydric acid.</def>
<hw>Se*len"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82l\'82nique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to selenium; derived from, or containing, selenium;
specifically, designating those compounds in which the element
has a higher valence as contrasted with <xex>selenious</xex>
compounds.</def>
<hw>Sel"e*nide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of selenium, or a
compound regarded as binary; <as>as, ethyl
<ex>selenide</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sel`e*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Selenium</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>. ]</ety>
<def>Containing, or impregnated with, selenium; <as>as,
<ex>seleniferous</ex> pyrites</as>.</def>
<hw>Se*le"ni*o-</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the <xex>presence
of selenium</xex> or <xex>its compounds</xex>; <as>as,
<ex>selenio</ex>-phosphate, a phosphate having selenium in place
of all, or a part, of the oxygen</as>.</def>
<hw>Se*le"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82l\'82nieux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of,
pertaining to, or containing, selenium; specifically, designating
those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as
contrasted with <xex>selenic</xex> compounds.</def>
<hw>Sel"e*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of selenious acid.</def>
<hw>Sel"e*nite</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>selenites</ets>,
Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ (sc. <?/<?/<?/), from <?/<?/<?/ the moon. So
called from a fancied resemblance in luster or appearance to the
moon.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of gypsum, occuring
in transparent crystals or crystalline masses.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sel`e*nit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sel`e*nit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to selenite; resembling
or containing selenite.</def>
<hw>Se*le"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from
Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the moon. So called because of its chemical analogy
to <ets>tellurium</ets> (from L. <ets>tellus</ets> the earth),
being, as it were, a companion to it.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A nonmetallic element of the sulphur group, and analogous to
sulphur in its compounds. It is found in small quantities with
sulphur and some sulphur ores, and obtained in the free state as
a dark reddish powder or crystalline mass, or as a dark
metallic-looking substance. It exhibits under the action of light
a remarkable variation in electric conductivity, and is used in
certain electric apparatus. Symbol Se. Atomic weight 78.9.</def>
<hw>Sel`e*ni"u*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(CHem.)</fld> <def>A selenide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sel`e*ni"u*ret`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with selenium as in a selenide;
<as>as, <ex>seleniureted</ex> hydrogen</as>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>seleniuretted</asp>.]</altsp>
<mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>
<hw>Se*le`ne*cen"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ the moon + E. <ets>centric</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>As seen or estimated from the center of
the moon; with the moon central.</def>
<hw>Se*le"no*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, n. A picture or
delineation of the moon's surface, or of any part of it.</def>
<hw>Sel`e*nog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
skilled in selenography.</def>
<au>Wright.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sel`e*no*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sel`e*no*graph"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>s\'82l\'82nographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to selenography.</def>
<hw>Sel`e*nog"ra*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
selenographer.</def>
<hw>Sel`e*nog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ the moon + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science
that treats of the physical features of the moon; --
corresponding to <xex>physical geography</xex> in respect to the
earth.</def> \'bdAccurate <xex>selenography</xex>, or description
of the moon.\'b8
<au>Sir T. Browne. </au>
<hw>Sel`e*no"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Selenium</ets> + sulph<ets>onium</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical of selenium,
analogous to sulphonium.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sel`e*nol"o*gy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/ the
mean + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of astronomy
which treats of the moon.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sel`e*no*log"i*cal</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Self</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>self</ets>, <ets>seolf</ets>, <ets>sylf</ets>; akin to OS.
<ets>self</ets>, OFries. <ets>self</ets>, D. <ets>zelf</ets>, G.
<ets>selb</ets>, <ets>selber</ets>, <ets>selbst</ets>, Dan.
<ets>selv</ets>. Sw. <ets>sjelf</ets>, Icel.
<ets>sj\'belfr</ets>, Goth. <ets>silba</ets>. Cf.
<er>Selavage</er>.]</ety> <def>Same; particular; very;
identical.</def> <mark>[Obs., except in the compound
selfsame.]</mark> \'bdOn these <xex>self</xex> hills.\'b8
<au>Sir. W. Raleigh.</au>
<q>To shoot another arrow that <qex>self</qex> way
Which you did shoot the first.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>At that <qex>self</qex> moment enters Palamon.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Self</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Selves</plw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The individual as the
object of his own reflective consciousness; the man viewed by his
own cognition as the subject of all his mental phenomena, the
agent in his own activities, the subject of his own feelings, and
the possessor of capacities and character; a person as a distinct
individual; a being regarded as having personality.</def>
\'bdThose who liked their real <xex>selves</xex>.\'b8
<au>Addison.</au>
<q>A man's <qex>self</qex> may be the worst fellow to converse
with in the world.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>The <qex>self</qex>, the I, is recognized in every act of
intelligence as the subject to which that act belongs. It is I
that perceive, I that imagine, I that remember, I that attend, I
that compare, I that feel, I that will, I that am conscious.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, personal interest, or love of private
interest; selfishness; <as>as, <ex>self</ex> is his whole
aim</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Personification; embodiment.</def>
<mark>[Poetic.]</mark>
<q>She was beauty's <qex>self</qex>.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Self</xex> is united to certain personal
pronouns and pronominal adjectives to express emphasis or
distinction. Thus, for emphasis; I <xex>myself</xex> will write;
I will examine for <xex>myself</xex>; thou <xex>thyself</xex>
shalt go; thou shalt see for <xex>thyself</xex>; you
<xex>yourself</xex> shall write; you shall see for
<xex>yourself</xex>; he <xex>himself</xex> shall write; he shall
examine for <xex>himself</xex>; she <xex>herself</xex> shall
write; she shall examine for <xex>herself</xex>; the child
<xex>itself</xex> shall be carried; it shall be present
<xex>itself</xex>. It is also used reflexively; as, I abhor
<xex>myself</xex>; thou enrichest <xex>thyself</xex>; he loves
<xex>himself</xex>; she admires <xex>herself</xex>; it pleases
<xex>itself</xex>; we walue <xex>ourselves</xex>; ye hurry
<xex>yourselves</xex>; they see <xex>themselves</xex>.
<xex>Himself</xex>, <xex>herself</xex>, <xex>themselves</xex>,
are used in the nominative case, as well as in the objective.
\'bdJesus <xex>himself</xex> baptized not, but his disciples.\'b8
<au>John iv. 2.</au>
</note>
<note><hand/ <xex>Self</xex> is used in the formation of
innumerable compounds, usually of obvious signification, in most
of which it denotes either the agent or the object of the action
expressed by the word with which it is joined, or the person in
behalf of whom it is performed, or the person or thing to, for,
or towards whom or which a quality, attribute, or feeling
expressed by the following word belongs, is directed, or is
exerted, or from which it proceeds; or it denotes the subject of,
or object affected by, such action, quality, attribute, feeling,
or the like; as, <xex>self</xex>-abandoning,
<xex>self</xex>-abnegation, self-abhorring,
<xex>self-absorbed</xex>, <xex>self</xex>-accusing,
<xex>self</xex>-adjusting, <xex>self</xex>-balanced,
<xex>self</xex>-boasting, <xex>self</xex>-canceled,
<xex>self</xex>-combating, <xex>self</xex>-commendation,
<xex>self</xex>-condemned, <xex>self</xex>-conflict,
<xex>self</xex>-conquest, <xex>self</xex>-constituted,
<xex>self</xex>-consumed, <xex>self</xex>-contempt,
<xex>self</xex>-controlled, <xex>self</xex>-deceiving,
<xex>self</xex>-denying, <xex>self</xex>-destroyed,
<xex>self</xex>-disclosure, <xex>self</xex>-display,
<xex>self</xex>-dominion, <xex>self</xex>-doomed,
<xex>self</xex>-elected, <xex>self</xex>-evolved,
<xex>self</xex>-exalting, <xex>self</xex>-excusing,
<xex>self</xex>-exile, <xex>self</xex>-fed,
<xex>self</xex>-fulfillment, <xex>self</xex>-governed,
<xex>self</xex>-harming, <xex>self</xex>-helpless,
<xex>self</xex>-humiliation, <xex>self</xex>-idolized,
<xex>self</xex>-inflicted, <xex>self</xex>-improvement,
<xex>self</xex>-instruction, <xex>self</xex>-invited,
<xex>self</xex>-judging, <xex>self</xex>-justification,
<xex>self</xex>-loathing, <xex>self</xex>-loving,
<xex>self</xex>-maintenance, <xex>self</xex>-mastered,
<xex>self</xex>-nourishment, <xex>self</xex>-perfect,
<xex>self</xex>-perpetuation, <xex>self</xex>-pleasing,
<xex>self</xex>-praising, <xex>self</xex>-preserving,
<xex>self</xex>-questioned, <xex>self</xex>-relying,
<xex>self</xex>-restraining, <xex>self</xex>-revelation,
<xex>self</xex>-ruined, <xex>self</xex>-satisfaction,
<xex>self</xex>-support, <xex>self</xex>-sustained,
<xex>self</xex>-sustaining, <xex>self</xex>-tormenting,
<xex>self</xex>-troubling, <xex>self</xex>-trust,
<xex>self</xex>-tuition, <xex>self</xex>-upbraiding,
<xex>self</xex>-valuing, <xex>self</xex>-worshiping, and many
others.</note>
<hw>Self`-a*based"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Humbled
by consciousness of inferiority, unworthiness, guilt, or
shame.</def>
<hw>Self`-a*base"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Degradation of one's self by one's own
act.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Humiliation or abasement proceeding from
consciousness of inferiority, guilt, or shame.</def>
<hw>Self`-a*bas"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lowering or humbling
one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-ab*hor"rence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Abhorrence of one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-ab`ne*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Self-denial; self-renunciation; self-sacrifice.</def>
<hw>Self`-abuse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The abuse of one's own self, powers, or faculties.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Self-deception; delusion.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Masturbation; onanism; self-pollution.</def>
<hw>Self"-ac*cused"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Accused
by one's self or by one's conscience.</def> \'bdDie
<xex>self-accused</xex>.\'b8
<au>Cowper.</au>
<hw>Self`-act"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Acting of
or by one's self or by itself; -- said especially of a machine or
mechanism which is made to perform of or for itself what is
usually done by human agency; automatic; <as>as, a
<ex>self-acting</ex> feed apparatus; a <ex>self-acting</ex> mule;
a <ex>self-acting</ex> press</as>.</def>
<hw>Self`-ac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Action
by, or originating in, one's self or itself.</def>
<hw>Self`-ac"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Acting of
one's self or of itself; acting without depending on other
agents.</def>
<hw>Self`-ac*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being self-active; self-action.</def>
<hw>Self`-ad*just"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Capable of assuming a desired position or
condition with relation to other parts, under varying
circumstances, without requiring to be adjusted by hand; -- said
of a piece in machinery.</def>
<cs><col>Self-adjusting bearing</col> <fld>(Shafting)</fld>,
<cd>a bearing which is supported in such a manner that it may tip
to accomodate flexure or displacement of the shaft.</cd></cs>
<hw>Self`-ad`mi*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Admiration of one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-af*fairs"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<def>One's own affairs; one's private business.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<-- p. 1306 -->
<hw>Self`-af*fright"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Frightened at or by one's self.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Self`-ag*gran"dize*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The aggrandizement of one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-an*ni"hi*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Annihilated by one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-an*ni`hi*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Annihilation by one's own acts; annihilation of one's
desires.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Self`-ap*plause"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Applause of one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-ap*ply"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Applying to or by one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-ap*prov"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Approving one's own action or character by one's own
judgment.</def>
<q>One <qex>self-approving</qex> hour whole years outweighs
Of stupid starers and of loud huzzas.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Self`-as*sert"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>asserting one's self, or one's own rights or claims; hence,
putting one's self forward in a confident or assuming
manner.</def>
<hw>Self`-as*ser"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of asserting one's self, or one's own rights or claims; the
quality of being self-asserting.</def>
<hw>Self`-as*sert"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Disposed to self-assertion; self-asserting.</def>
<hw>Self`-as*sumed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Assumed
by one's own act, or without authority.</def>
<hw>Self`-as*sured`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Assured
by or of one's self; self-reliant; complacent.</def>
<hw>Self`-ban"ished</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Exiled
voluntarily.</def>
<hw>Self"-be*get"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Begotten by one's self, or one's own powers.</def>
<hw>Self"-bern`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Born or
produced by one's self.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Self`-cen"tered</hw>, <hw>Self`-cen"tred</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Centered in itself, or in one's
self.\'3c-- of people? --\'3e</def>
<q>There hangs the ball of earth and water mixt,
<qex>Self-centered</qex> and unmoved.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Self`-cen"ter*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Self`-cen"tring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Centering in one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-cen*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being self-centered.</def>
<hw>Self`-char"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Self-love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Self"-col`or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A color
not mixed or variegated.</def>
<hw>Self`-cel"ored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being of
a single color; -- applied to flowers, animals, and textile
fabrics.</def>
<hw>Self`-com*mand"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Control
over one's own feelings, temper, etc.; self-control.</def>
<hw>Self`-com*mune"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Self-communion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Self`-com*mu"ni*ca*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Imparting or communicating by its own powers.</def>
<hw>Self`-com*mun"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Communion with one's self; thoughts about one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-com*pla"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality of being self-complacent.</def>
<au>J. Foster.</au>
<hw>Self`0com*pla"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Satisfied with one's own character, capacity, and doings;
self-satisfied.</def>
<hw>Self`-con*ceit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Conceit
of one's self; an overweening opinion of one's powers or
endowments.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Egotism</er>.</syn>
<hw>Self`-con*ceit"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having an
overweening opinion of one's own powers, attainments; vain;
conceited.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Self`-con*ceit"ed*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Self`-con*cern"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Concern
for one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-con`dem*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Condemnation of one's self by one's own judgment.</def>
<hw>Self`-con"fi*dence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being self-confident; self-reliance.</def>
<q>A feeling of <qex>self-confidence</qex> which supported and
sustained him.</q>
<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>
<hw>Self`-con"fi*dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Confident of one's own strength or powers; relying on one's
judgment or ability; self-reliant.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Self`-con"fi*dent*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Self`-con"ju*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Having the two things that are conjugate
parts of the same figure; <as>as, <ex>self-conjugate</ex>
triangles</as>.</def>
<hw>Self`-con"scious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Conscious of one's acts or state as belonging to, or
originating in, one's self.</def> \'bdMy
<xex>self-conscious</xex> worth.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conscious of one's self as an object of the
observation of others; <as>as, the speaker was too
<ex>self-conscious</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Self`-con"scious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or
state of being self-conscious.</def>
<hw>Self`-con*sid"er*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Considering in one's own mind; deliberating.</def>
<au>Pope.</au>
<hw>Self`-con*sist"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being self-consistent.</def>
<hw>Self`-ccon*sist"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Consistent with one's self or with itself; not deviation
from the ordinary standard by which the conduct is guided;
logically consistent throughout; having each part consistent with
the rest.</def>
<hw>Self`-con*sum"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Consuming one's self or itself.</def>
<hw>Self`-con*tained"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having self-control; reserved; uncommunicative;
wholly engrossed in one's self.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Having all the essential
working parts connected by a bedplate or framework, or contained
in a case, etc., so that mutual relations of the parts do not
depend upon fastening outside of the machine itself.</def>
<cs><col>Self-contained steam engine</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A
steam engine having both bearings for the crank shaft attached to
the frame of the engine</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A steam engine and
boiler combined and fastened together; a portable steam
engine.</cd></cs>
<hw>Self`-con`tra*dic"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of contradicting one's self or itself; repugnancy in
conceptions or in terms; a proposition consisting of two members,
one of which contradicts the other; <as>as, to be and not to be
at the same time is a <ex>self-contradiction</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Self`-con`tra*dict"o*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Contradicting one's self or itself.</def>
<hw>Self`-con*trol"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Control
of one's self; restraint exercised over one's self;
self-command.</def>
<hw>Self`-con*vict"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Convicted by one's own consciousness, knowledge, avowal, or
acts.</def>
<hw>Self`-con*vic"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of convicting one's self, or the state of being
self-convicted.</def>
<hw>Self`-cre*at"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Created
by one's self; not formed or constituted by another.</def>
<hw>Self`-cul"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Culture,
training, or education of one's self by one's own efforts.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*ceit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of deceiving one's self, or the state of being self-deceived;
self-deception.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*ceived"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Deceived or misled respecting one's self by one's own
mistake or error.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*cep"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Self-deceit.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*fence"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Self-defense</er>.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*fense"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of defending one's own person, property, or reputation.</def>
<cs><col>In self-defense</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>in
protection of self, -- it being permitted in law to a party on
whom a grave wrong is attempted to resist the wrong, even at the
peril of the life of the assailiant.</cd></cs>
<au>Wharton.</au>
<hw>Self`-de*fen"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Defending, or tending to defend, one's own person, property,
or reputation.</def>
<hw>Self`-deg`ra*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of degrading one's self, or the state of being so
degraded.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Accusation of one's self.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Milman.</au>
<hw>Self`-de*lu"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of deluding one's self, or the state of being thus
deluded.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*ni"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
denial of one's self; forbearing to gratify one's own desires;
self-sacrifice.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*ny"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Refusing to gratify one's self; self-sacrificing.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Self`-de*ny"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Self`-de*pend"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Dependent on one's self; self-depending; self-reliant.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*pend"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Depending on one's
self.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*praved"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Corrupted or depraved by one's self.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Self`-de*stroy"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who destroys himself; a suicide.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*struc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
destruction of one's self; self-murder; suicide.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Self`-de*struc"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Destroying, or tending to destroy, one's self or itself;
rucidal.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*ter`mi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Determination by one's self; or, determination of one's acts
or states without the necessitating force of motives; -- applied
to the voluntary or activity.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*ter"min*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of self-determination; <as>as, the
<ex>self-determining</ex> power of will</as>.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*vised"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Devised
by one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*vot"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Devoted
in person, or by one's own will.</def>
<au>Hawthorne.</au>
<hw>Self`-de*vote"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Self-devotion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Self`-de*vo"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of devoting one's self, or the state of being self-devoted;
willingness to sacrifice one's own advantage or happiness for the
sake of others; self-sacrifice.</def>
<hw>Self`-de*vour"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Devouring one's self or itself.</def>
<au>Danham.</au>
<hw>Self`-dif*fu"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having power to diffuse itself; diffusing itself.</def>
<au>Norris.</au>
<hw>Self`-dis"ci*pline</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Correction or government of one's self for the sake of
improvement.</def>
<hw>Self`-dis*trust"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Want
of confidence in one' self; diffidence.</def>
<hw>Self`-ed"u*ca`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Educated by one's own efforts, without instruction, or
without pecuniary assistance from others.</def>
<hw>Self`-e*lect"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the right of electing one's self, or, as a body, of electing its
own members.</def>
<hw>Self`-en*joy"ment</hw>, <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Enjoyment of one's self; self-satisfaction.</def>
<hw>Self`-es*teem"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
holding a good opinion of one's self; self-complacency.</def>
<hw>Self`-es`ti*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of estimating one's self; self-esteem.</def>
<hw>Self`-ev"i*dence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being self-evident.</def>
<au>Locke.</au>
<hw>Self`-ev"i*dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Evident
without proof or reasoning; producing certainty or conviction
upon a bare presentation to the mind; <as>as, a
<ex>self-evident</ex> proposition or truth</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Self`-ev"i*dent*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Self`-ev`o*lu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Evolution of one's self; development by inherent quality or
power.</def>
<hw>Self`-ex`al*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of exalting one's self, or the state of being so
exalted.</def>
<hw>Self`-ex*am"i*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who examines himself; one given to self-examination.</def>
<q>The humiliated <qex>self-examinant</qex> feels that there is
evil in our nature as well as good.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Self`-ex*am`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>An examination into one's own state, conduct, and motives,
particularly in regard to religious feelings and duties.</def>
<hw>Self`-ex*ist"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Inherent existence; existence possessed by virtue of a
being's own nature, and independent of any other being or cause;
-- an attribute peculiar to God.</def>
<au>Blackmore.</au>
<hw>Self`-ex*ist"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Existing of or by himself,independent of any other being or
cause; -- as, God is the only <xex>self-existent</xex>
being.</def>
<hw>self`-ex*plain"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Explaining itself; capable of being understood without
explanation.</def>
<hw>Self`-ex*po"sure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of exposing one's self; the state of being so exposed.</def>
<hw>Self`-fer`ti*li*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fertilization of a flower by pollen
from the same flower and without outer aid; autogamy.</def>
<hw>Self`-fer"ti*lized</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fertilized by pollen from the same
flower.</def>
<hw>Self`-glo"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Springing from vainglory or vanity; vain; boastful.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Self`-gov"ern*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of governing one's self, or the state of
being governed by one's self; self-control; self-command.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, government of a community, state, or
nation by the joint action of the mass of people constituting
such a civil body; also, the state of being so governed;
democratic government; democracy.</def>
<q>It is to <qex>self-government</qex>, the great principle of
popular representation and administration, -- the system that
lets in all to participate in the councels that are to assign the
good or evil to all, -- that we may owe what we are and what we
hope to be.</q>
<qau>D. Webster.</qau>
<hw>Self`-grat`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Gratulation of one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-heal"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A blue-flowered labiate plant
(<spn>Brunella vulgaris</spn>); the healall.</def>
<hw>Self`-heal"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the power or property of healing itself.</def>
<hw>Self`-help"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
aiding one's self, without depending on the aid of others.</def>
<hw>Self`-hom"i*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of killing one's self; suicide.</def>
<au>Hakewill.</au>
<hw>Self"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Existence as
a separate self, or independent person; conscious personality;
individuality.</def>
<au>Bib. Sacra.</au>
<hw>Self`-ig"no*rance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Ignorance of one's own character, powers, and
limitations.</def>
<hw>Self`-ig"no*rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Ignorant of one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-im*part"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Imparting by one's own, or by its own, powers and
will.</def>
<au>Norris.</au>
<hw>Self`-im*por"tance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
exaggerated estimate of one's own importance or merit, esp. as
manifested by the conduct or manners; self-conceit.</def>
<hw>Self`-im*por"tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having or manifesting an exaggerated idea of one's own
importance or merit.</def>
<hw>Self`-im*posed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Voluntarily taken on one's self; <as>as,
<ex>self-imposed</ex> tasks</as>.</def>
<hw>Self`-im*pos"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Imposture practiced on one's self; self-deceit.</def>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Self`-in`dig*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Indignation at one's own character or actions.</def>
<au>Baxter.</au>
<hw>Self`-in*dul"gence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Indulgence of one's appetites, desires, or inclinations; --
the opposite of <xex>self-restraint</xex>, and
<xex>self-denial</xex>.</def>
<hw>Self`-in*dul"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Indulging one's appetites, desires, etc., freely.</def>
<hw>Self`-in"ter*est</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Private interest; the interest or advantage of one's
self.</def>
<hw>Self`-in"ter*est*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Particularly
concerned for one's own interest or happiness.</def>
<hw>Self`-in`vo*lu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Involution in one's self; hence, abstraction of thought;
reverie.</def>
<hw>Self"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Caring supremely or unduly for one's self; regarding one's
own comfort, advantage, etc., in disregard, or at the expense, of
those of others.</def>
<q>They judge of things according to their own private appetites
and <qex>selfish</qex> passions.</q>
<qau>Cudworth.</qau>
<q>In that throng of <qex>selfish</qex> hearts untrue.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Ethics)</fld> <def>Believing or teaching that
the chief motives of human action are derived from love of
self.</def>
<q>Hobbes and the <qex>selfish</qex> school of philosophers.</q>
<qau>Fleming.</qau>
<hw>Self"ish*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a selfish manner;
with regard to private interest only or chiefly.</def>
<hw>Self"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state
of being selfish; exclusive regard to one's own interest or
happiness; that supreme self-love or self-preference which leads
a person to direct his purposes to the advancement of his own
interest, power, or happiness, without regarding those of
others.</def>
<q><qex>Selfishness</qex>,- a vice utterly at variance with the
happiness of him who harbors it, and, as such, condemned by
self-love.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Mackintosh.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Self-love</er>.</syn>
<hw>Self"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Concentration
of one's interests on one's self; self-love; selfishness.</def>
<au>Emerson.</au>
<hw>Self"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A selfish person.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>I. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Self`-jus"ti*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who excuses or justifies himself.</def>
<au>J. M. Mason.</au>
<hw>Self`-kin"dled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Kindled
of itself, or without extraneous aid or power.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Self`-know"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Knowing one's self, or one's own character, powers, and
limitations.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Knowing of itself, without help from
another.</def>
<hw>Self`-knowl"edge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Knowledge of one's self, or of one's own character, powers,
limitations, etc.</def>
<hw>Self"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no regard to self;
unselfish.</def>
<q>Lo now, what hearts have men! they never mount
As high as woman in her <qex>selfless</qex> mood.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Self"less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being selfless.</def>
<hw>Self"-life`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Life for
one's self; living solely or chiefly for one's own pleasure or
good.</def>
<hw>Self`-love`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The love of
one's self; desire of personal happiness; tendency to seek one's
own benefit or advantage.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q><qex>Self-love</qex>, the spring of motion, acts the soul.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Selfishness.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Self-love</er>,
<er>Selfishness</er>. The term <xex>self-love</xex> is used in a
twofold sense: 1. It denotes that longing for <xex>good</xex> or
for <xex>well-being</xex> which actuates the breasts of all,
entering into and characterizing every special desire. In this
sense it has no moral quality, being, from the nature of the
case, neither good nor evil. 2. It is applied to a voluntary
regard for the gratification of special desires. In this sense it
is morally good or bad according as these desires are conformed
to duty or opposed to it. <xex>Selfishness</xex> is always
voluntary and always wrong, being that regard to our own
interests, gratification, etc., which is sought or indulged at
the expense, and to the injury, of others. \'bdSo long as
<xex>self-love</xex> does not degenerate into
<xex>selfishness</xex>, it is quite compatible with true
benevolence.\'b8 <au>Fleming</au>. \'bdNot only is the phrase
<xex>self-love</xex> used as synonymous with the desire of
happiness, but it is often confounded with the word
<xex>selfishness</xex>, which certainly, in strict propriety,
denotes a very different disposition of mind.\'b8
<au>Slewart</au>.</usage>
<hw>Self`-lu"mi*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Possessing in itself the property of emitting light.</def>
<au>Sir D. Brewster.</au>
<-- p. 1307 -->
<hw>Self"-made`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made by
one's self.</def>
<cs><col>Self-made man</col>, <cd>a man who has risen from
poverty or obscurity by means of his own talentss or
energies.</cd></cs>
<hw>Self"-met`tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <def>Inborn
mettle or courage; one's own temper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Self`-mo"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Motion
given by inherent power, without external impulse; spontaneus or
voluntary motion.</def>
<q>Matter is not induced with <qex>self-motion</qex>.</q>
<qau>Cheyne.</qau>
<hw>Self`-moved"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moved by
inherent power., without the aid of external impulse.</def>
<hw>Self`-mov"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moving by
inherent power, without the aid of external impulse.</def>
<hw>Self`-mur"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Suicide.</def>
<hw>Self`-mur"der*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
suicide.</def>
<hw>Self`-neg*lect"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
neglecting of one's self, or of one's own interests.</def>
<q>Self-love, my liege, is not so vile a sin
As <qex>self-neglecting</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Self"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Selfishness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir. P. Sidney.</au>
<hw>Self`-one"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Secret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Marston.</au>
<hw>Self`-o*pin"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Opinion, especially high opinion, of one's self; an
overweening estimate of one's self or of one's own opinion.</def>
<au>Collier.</au>
<hw>Self`-o*pin"ioned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having a high opinion of one's self; opinionated;
conceited.</def>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Self`-o*pin"i*na`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Beginning wwith, or springing from, one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-par`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>That partiality to himself by which a man overrates his own
worth when compared with others.</def>
<au>Kames.</au>
<hw>Self`-per*plexed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Perplexed by doubts originating in one's own mind.</def>
<hw>Self`-pos"it*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Disposed or arranged by an action originating in one's self
or in itself.</def>
<q>These molecular blocks of salt are
<qex>self-posited</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tyndall.</qau>
<hw>Self`-pos"it*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>The act of
disposing or arranging one's self or itself.</def>
<q>The <qex>self-positing</qex> of the molecules.</q>
<qau>R. Watts.</qau>
<hw>Self"-pos*sessed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Composed or tranquill in mind, manner, etc.;
undisturbed.</def>
<hw>Self`-pos*ses"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
possession of one's powers; calmness; self-command; presence of
mind; composure.</def>
<hw>Self"-praise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Praise of
one's self.</def>
<hw>Self`-pres`er*va"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The preservation of one's self from destruction or
injury.</def>
<hw>Self`-prop"a*ga`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Propagating by one's self or by itself.</def>
<hw>Self`-reg"is*ter*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Registering itself; -- said of any instrument so contrived
as to record its own indications of phenomena, whether
continuously or at stated times, as at the maxima and minima of
variations; <as>as, a <ex>self-registering</ex> anemometer or
barometer</as>.</def>
<hw>Self`-reg"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Regulated by one's self or by itself.</def>
<hw>Self`-reg"u*la*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Tending or serving to regulate one's self or itself.</def>
<au>Whewell.</au>
<hw>Self`-re*li"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Reliance on one's own powers or judgment; self-trust.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*li"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Reliant
upon one's self; trusting to one's own powers or judgment.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of renouncing, or setting aside, one's own wishes,
claims, etc.; self-sacrifice.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*pel"len*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being self-repelling.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*pel"ling</hw>, <pr>(<?/)</pr> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Made up of parts, as molecules or atoms, which mutually
repel each other; <as>as, gases are
<ex>self-repelling</ex></as>.</def>
<-- gases aren't self-repelling! Like charges are. -->
<hw>Self`-rep`e*ti"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Repetition of one's self or of one's acts; the saying or
doing what one has already said or done.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*proach"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of reproaching one's self; censure by one's own
conscience.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*proached"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reproached by one's own conscience or judgment.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*proach"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reproaching one's self.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Self`-re*proach"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Self`-re*proof"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of reproving one's self; censure of one's conduct by one's own
judgment.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*proved"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reproved by one's own conscience or one's own sense of
guilt.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*prov"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Reproving one's self; reproving by consciousness of
guilt.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*prov"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
self-reproving way.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*pug"nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Self-contradictory; inconsistent.</def>
<au>Brougham.</au>
<hw>Self`-re*pul"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Self-repelling.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*spect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Respect
for one's self; regard for one's character; laudable
self-esteem.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*strained"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Restrained by one's self or itself; restrained by one's own
power or will.</def>
<hw>Self`-re*straint"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Restraint over one's self; self-control; self-command.</def>
<hw>Self`-rev"er*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
reverent respect for one's self.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Self`-right"eous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Righteous in one's own esteem; pharisaic.</def>
<hw>Self`-right"eous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or
state of being self-righteous; pharisaism.</def>
<hw>Self`-sac"ri*fice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of sacrificing one's self, or one's interest, for others;
self-devotion.</def>
<hw>Self`-sac"ri*fi`cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Yielding up one's own interest, ffeelings, etc; sacrificing
one's self.</def>
<hw>Self"same</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Self</ets>, a. + <ets>same</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Precisely the same; the very same; identical.</def>
<q>His servant was healed in the <qex>selfsame</qex> hour.</q>
<qau>Matt. viii. 13.</qau>
<hw>Self`-sat`is*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being self-satisfied.</def>
<hw>Self`-sat"is*fied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Satisfied with one's self or one's actions;
self-complacent.</def>
<hw>Self`-sat"is*fy`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Giving satisfaction to one's self.</def>
<hw>Self"-seek`er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who seeks only his
own interest, advantage, or pleasure.</def>
<hw>Self"-seek`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Seeking one's own
interest or happiness; selfish.</def>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Self"-seek`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or habit of
seeking one's own interest or happiness; selfishness.</def>
<hw>Self`-slaugh"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Suicide.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Self`-suf*fi"cien*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being self-sufficient.</def>
<hw>Self`-suf*fi"cient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Sufficient for one's self without external aid
or co\'94peration.</def>
<q>Neglect of friends can never be proved rational till we prove
the person using it omnipotent and <qex>self-sufficient</qex>,
and such as can never need any mortal assistance.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having an overweening confidence in one's own
abilities or worth; hence, haughty; overbearing.</def> \'bdA rash
and <xex>self-sufficient</xex> manner.\'b8
<au>I. Watts.</au>
<hw>Self`-suf*fi"cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sufficing for one's self or for itself, without needing
external aid; self-sufficient.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Self`-suf*fi"cing*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<au>J. C. Shairp.</au>
<hw>Self`-sus*pend"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Suspended by one's self or by itself; balanced.</def>
<au>Southey.</au>
<hw>Self`-sus*pi"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Suspicious or distrustful of one's self.</def>
<au>Baxter.</au>
<hw>Self"-taught`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Taught by
one's own efforts.</def>
<hw>Self`-tor*ment"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who torments himself.</def>
<hw>Self`-tor"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of inflicting pain on one's self; pain inflicted on one's
self.</def>
<hw>Self"-trust`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Faith in one's self;
self-reliance.</def>
<hw>Self`-uned"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[E.
<ets>self</ets> + L. <ets>unus</ets> one.]</ety> <def>One with
itself; separate from others.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sylvester.</au>
<hw>Self"-view`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A view if
one's self; specifically, carefulness or regard for one's own
interests</def>
<hw>Self`-will"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>selfwill</ets>.]</ety> <def>One's own will, esp. when
opposed to that of others; obstinacy.</def>
<hw>Self`-willed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Governed
by one's own will; not yielding to the wishes of others;
obstinate.</def>
<hw>Self`-willed"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Obstinacy.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Self"-wor`ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
idolizing of one's self; immoderate self-conceit.</def>
<hw>Self"-wrong`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Wrong done
by a person himself.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sel"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>seillon</ets> a measure of land, F. <ets>sillon</ets> a
ridge, furrow, LL. <ets>selio</ets> a measure of land.]</ety>
<def>A short piece of land in arable ridges and furrows, of
uncertain quantity; also, a ridge of land lying between two
furrows.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sel*juk"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to <xex>Seljuk</xex>, a Tartar chief who embraced
Mohammedanism, and began the subjection of Western Asia to that
faith and rule; of or pertaining to the dynasty founded by him,
or the empire maintained by his descendants from the 10th to the
13th century.</def>
<au>J. H. Newman.</au>
<hw>Sel*juck"i*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member of the family
of <xex>Seljuk</xex>; an adherent of that family, or subject of
its government; (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) the dynasty of Turkish sultans
sprung from Seljuk.</def>
<hw>Sell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Self.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Sell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sill.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cell; a house.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>selle</ets>, L.
<ets>sella</ets>, akin to <ets>sedere</ets> to sit. See
<er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A saddle for a horse.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>He left his lofty steed with golden <qex>self</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A throne or lofty seat.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fairfax.</au>
<hw>Sell</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sold</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Selling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sellen</ets>,
<ets>sillen</ets>, AS. <ets>sellan</ets>, <ets>syllan</ets>, to
give, to deliver; akin to OS. <ets>sellian</ets>, OFries.
<ets>sella</ets>, OHG. <ets>sellen</ets>, Icel. <ets>selja</ets>
to hand over, to sell, Sw. <ets>s\'84lja</ets> to sell, Dan.
<ets>s<?/lge</ets>, Goth. <ets>saljan</ets> to offer a sacrifice;
all from a noun akin to E. <ets>sale</ets>. Cf.
<er>Sale</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To transfer to another for
an equivalent; to give up for a valuable consideration; to
dispose of in return for something, especially for money.</def>
<q>If thou wilt be perfect, go and <qex>sell</qex> that thou
hast, and give to the poor.</q>
<qau>Matt. xix. 21.</qau>
<q>I am changed; I'll go <qex>sell</qex> all my land.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sell</xex> is corellative to <xex>buy</xex>, as
one party <xex>buys</xex> what the other <xex>sells</xex>. It is
distinguished usually from <xex>exchange</xex> or
<xex>barter</xex>, in which one commodity is given for another;
whereas in <xex>selling</xex> the consideration is usually money,
or its representative in current notes.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a matter of bargain and sale of; to
accept a price or reward for, as for a breach of duty, trust, or
the like; to betray.</def>
<q>You would have <qex>sold</qex> your king to slaughter.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To impose upon; to trick; to deceive; to make a
fool of; to cheat.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<cs><col>To sell one's life dearly</col>, <cd>to cause much loss
to those who take one's life, as by killing a number of one's
assailants.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To sell</col> (anything)
<col>out</col></mcol>, <cd>to dispose of it wholly or entirely;
as, he had <xex>sold out<xex> his corn, or his interest in a
business.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sell</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To practice
selling commodities.</def>
<q>I will buy with you, <qex>sell</qex> with you; . . . but I
will not eat with you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be sold; <as>as, corn <ex>sells</ex> at a
good price</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To sell out</col>, <cd>to sell one's whole stockk in
trade or one's entire interest in a property or a
business.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An imposition; a cheat; a
hoax.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sel"lan*ders</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sel"len*ders</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos> <fld>(Far.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Sallenders</er>.</def>
<hw>Sell"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sells.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sel"ters wa"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A mineral water from
<xex>Sellers</xex>, in the district of Nassan, Germany,
containing much free carbonic acid.</def>
<hw>Selt"zer wa"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Selters
water</er>.</def>
<hw>Selt"zo-gene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Seltzer</ets> water + the root of Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to be
born.]</ety> <def>A gazogene.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sel"vage</hw>, <hw>Sel"vedge</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Self</ets> +
<ets>edge</ets>, i. e., its own proper edge; cf. OD.
<ets>selfegge</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The edge of cloth
which is woven in such a manner as to prevent raveling.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The edge plate of a lock, through which the bolt
passes.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>A layer of clay or
decomposed rock along the wall of a vein. See <er>Gouge</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>
<au>Raymond.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sel"vaged</hw>, <hw>Sel"vedged</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a selvage.</def>
<hw>Sel`va*gee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A skein or hank of rope yarns wound round
with yarns or marline, -- used for stoppers, straps, etc.</def>
<hw>Selve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Self; same.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Selves</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <def><pos>pl.</pos>
of <er>Self</er>.</def>
<hw>Se"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Silly.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. Wyclif.</au>
<hw>\'d8Se*m\'91`o*stom"a*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a military standard + <?/<?/<?/,
<?/<?/<?/, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of
Discophora having large free mouth lobes. It includes
<spn>Aurelia</spn>, and <spn>Pelagia</spn>. Called also
<altname>Semeostoma</altname>. See <xex>Illustr</xex>. under
<er>Discophora</er>, and <er>Medusa</er>.</def>
<hw>Sem"a*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a seign + <?/<?/<?/ to bear: cf. F.
<ets>s\'82maphore</ets>.]</ety> <def>A signal telegraph; an
apparatus for giving signals by the disposition of lanterns,
flags, oscillating arms, etc.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sem`a*phor"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sem`a*phor"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>s\'82maphorique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to a semaphore, or semaphores; telegraphic.</def>
<hw>Sem`a*phor"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By means a
semaphore.</def>
<hw>Se*maph"o*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
manages or operates a semaphore.</def>
<hw>Sem`a*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, sign + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
doctrine of signs as the expression of thought or reasoning; the
science of indicating thought by signs.</def>
<au>Smart.</au>
<hw>Sem"a*trope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ sign + <?/<?/<?/ to turn. ]</ety> <def>An instrument
for signaling by reflecting the rays of the sun in different
directions.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Sem"bla*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., from
<ets>sembler</ets> to seem, resemble, L. <ets>similare</ets>,
<ets>simulare</ets>. See <er>Simulate</er>.]</ety> <def>Like;
similar; resembling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sem"bla*ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Likeness;
representation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sem"bla*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In like manner.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sem"blance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Semblable</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Seeming; appearance; show; figure; form.</def>
<q>Thier <qex>semblance</qex> kind, and mild their gestures
were.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Likeness; resemblance, actual or apparent;
similitude; <as>as, the <ex>semblance</ex> of worth;
<ex>semblance</ex> of virtue</as>.</def>
<q>Only <qex>semblances</qex> or imitations of shells.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>
<hw>Sem"blant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>semblant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Like;
resembling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Prior.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Seeming, rather than real; apparent.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Carlyle.</au>
<hw>Sem"blant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Show; appearance; figure; semblance.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>His flatterers made <qex>semblant</qex> of weeping.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif (Luke xxiv. 5).</au>
<hw>Sem"bla*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Resembling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>And all is <qex>semblative</qex> a woman's part.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sem"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sembler</ets>. See <er>Semblable</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To imitate; to make a representation or
likeness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Where <qex>sembling</qex> art may carve the fair effect.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>It seems; -- chiefly used
impersonally in reports and judgments to express an opinion in
reference to the law on some point not necessary to be decided,
and not intended to be definitely settled in the cause.</def>
<hw>Sem"ble</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like; resembling.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>T. Hudson.</au>
<hw>Sem"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Assemble</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The practice
of attracting the males of Lepidoptera or other insects by
exposing the female confined in a cage.</def>
<note><hand/ It is often adopted by collectors in order to
procure specimens of rare species.</note>
<hw>\'d8Se*m\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sem\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>semer</ets> to sow.]</ety>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Sprinkled or sown; -- said of field, or a
charge, when strewed or covered with small charges.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Se`mei*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/
<hw>Se`mi*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Gr. <grk>shmei^on</grk> sign + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A description of the signs of
disease.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Se`mei*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/
<hw>Se`mi*o*log"io*al</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the science of signs, or the systematic use of
signs; <as>as, a <ex>semeiological</ex> classification of the
signs or symptoms of disease; a <ex>semeiological</ex>
arrangement of signs used as signals.</as></def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Se`mei*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/
<hw>Se`mi*ol"o*gy</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>shmei^on</grk> a mark, a sign + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The science or art of signs.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The science of the signs or
symptoms of disease; symptomatology</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
art of using signs in signaling.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Se`mei*ot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/
<hw>Se`mi*ot"ic</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <grk>shmei^on</grk> a mark, a sign.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to signs or indications; pertaining to
the language of signs, or to language generally as indicating
thought.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the signs
or symptoms of diseases.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Se`mei*ot"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/
<hw>Se`mi*ot"ics</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Semeiology.</def>
<hw>Sem"e*le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A daughter of
Cadmus, and by Zeus mother of Bacchus.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Semina</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., from the root of
<ets>serere</ets>, <ets>satum</ets>, to sow. See <er>Sow</er> to
scatter seed.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The seed
of plants.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The seed or fecundating
fluid of male animals; sperm. It is a white or whitish viscid
fluid secreted by the testes, characterized by the presence of
spermatozoids to which it owes its generative power.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Semen contra</col>, <or/ <col>Semen cin\'91 or
cyn\'91</col></mcol>, <cd>a strong aromatic, bitter drug,
imported from Aleppo and Barbary, said to consist of the leaves,
peduncles, and unexpanded flowers of various species of
<spn>Artemisia</spn>; wormseed.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sem`e*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Seminiferous.</def>
<-- p. 1308 -->
<hw>Se*mes"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., from L.
<ets>semestris</ets> half-yearly; <ets>sex</ets> six +
<ets>mensis</ets> a month.]</ety> <def>A period of six months;
especially, a term in a college or uneversity which divides the
year into two terms.</def>
<hw>Sem"i-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>semi</ets>; akin to
Gr. <?/<?/<?/, Skr. <ets>s\'bemi</ets>-, AS. <ets>s\'bem</ets>-,
and prob. to E. <ets>same</ets>, from the division into two
parts of the same size. Cf. <er>Hemi-</er>,
<er>Sandelend</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying
<xex>half</xex>, and sometimes <xex>partly</xex> or
<xex>imperfectly</xex>; <as>as, <ex>semi</ex>annual, half yearly;
<ex>semi</ex>transparent, imperfectly transparent</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ The prefix <xex>semi</xex> is joined to another word
either with the hyphen or without it. In this book the hyphen is
omitted except before a capital letter; as, <xex>semi</xex>acid,
<xex>semi</xex>aquatic, <xex>semi</xex>-Arian,
<xex>semi</xex>axis, <xex>semi</xex>calcareous.</note>
<hw>Sem`i*ac"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slightly
acid; subacid.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*a*cid"i*fied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
acidified.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*ad*her"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Adherent part way.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*am*plex"i*caul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Partially amplexicaul; embracing the stem
half round, as a leaf.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*an`gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The half of a given, or measuring,
angle.</def>
<hw>Semi`i*an"nu*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Half-yearly.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*an"nu*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Every half
year.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*an"nu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the figure of a half circle; forming a semicircle.</def>
<au>Grew.</au>
<hw>Sem`i-A"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Arian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of
a branch of the Arians which did not acknowledge the Son to be
consubstantial with the Father, that is, of the same substance,
but admitted him to be of a like substance with the Father, not
by nature, but by a peculiar privilege.</def>
<hw>Sem"i-A"ri*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to
Semi-Arianism.</def>
<hw>Sem`i-A"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
doctrines or tenets of the Semi-Arians.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*ax"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One half of the axis of an <?/llipse or
other figure.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*bar*ba"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
barbarous; partially civilized.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<def>One partly civilized.</def></def2>
<hw>Sem`i*bar*bar"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
barbarous or uncivilized; <as>as, <ex>semibarbaric</ex>
display</as>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*bar"ba*rism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being half barbarous or uncivilized.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*bar"ba*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
barbarous.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*breve`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>semi-</ets> + <ets>breve</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>semi-breve</ets>, It. <ets>semibreve</ets>.]</ety>
<altsp>[Formerly written <asp>semibref</asp>.]</altsp>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A note of half the time or duration of the
breve; -- now usually called a <xex>whole note</xex>. It is the
longest note in general use.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*brief`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A semibreve.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sem"i*bull`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A bull issued by a pope in the period
between his election and coronation.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*cal*ca"re*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Half or partially calcareous; <as>as, a
<ex>semicalcareous</ex> plant</as>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*cal*cined"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
calcined; <as>as, <ex>semicalcined</ex> iron</as>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*cas"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
deprive of one testicle.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sem`i*cas*tra"tion</wf>
<pr>(#)</pr>,<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sem`i*cen*ten"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
or pertaining to half of a century, or a period of fifty years;
<as>as, a <ex>semicentennial</ex> commemoration</as>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*cen*ten"ni*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fiftieth
anniversary.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*cha*ot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Partially chaotic.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*cho`rus</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A
half chorus; a passage to be sung by a selected portion of the
voices, as the female voices only, in contrast with the full
choir.</def>
<hw>Sem`i-Chris"tian*ized</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Half Christianized.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*cir`cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The half of a circle; the part of a circle
bounded by its diameter and half of its circumference.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A semicircumference.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A body in the form of half of a circle, or half
of a circumference.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An instrument for measuring angles.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*cir`cled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Semicircular.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*cir"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the form of half of a circle.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<cs><col>Semicircular canals</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>,
<cd>certain canals of the inner ear. See under
<er>Ear</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sem`i cir*cum"fer*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Half of a circumference.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*cirque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
semicircular hollow or opening among trees or hills.</def>
<au>Wordsworth.</au>
<hw>Sem"i*co`lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
punctuation mark [;] indicating a separation between parts or
members of a sentence more distinct than that marked by a
comma.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*col`umn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A half
column; a column bisected longitudinally, or along its
axis.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*co*lum"nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a
semicolumn; flat on one side and round on the other; imperfectly
columnar.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*com*pact"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
compact; imperfectly indurated.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*con"scious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
conscious; imperfectly conscious.</def>
<au>De Quincey.</au>
<hw>Sem"i*cope`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A short
cope, or an inferier kind of cope.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sem`i crus*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Half crustaceous; partially crustaceous.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*crys"tal*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Half crystalline; -- said of certain
cruptive rocks composed partly of crystalline, partly of
amorphous matter.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*cu"bic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the square root of
the cube of a quantity.</def>
<cs><col>Semicubical parabola</col>, <cd>a curve in which the
ordinates are proportional to the square roots of the cubes of
the abscissas.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sem`i*cu"bi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sem`i*cu"pi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>semi</ets> half + <ets>cupa</ets> tub,
cask.]</ety> <def>A half bath, or one that covers only the lewer
extremities and the hips; a sitz-bath; a half bath, or hip
bath.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sem`i*cy*lin"dric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sem`i*cy*lyn"dric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Half cylindrical.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*de*is"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
deisticsl; bordering on deism.</def>
<au>S. Miller.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*dem"i*qua`ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A demisemiquaver; a thirty-second
note.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*de*tached"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
detached; partly distinct or separate.</def>
<cs><col>Semidetached house</col>, <cd>one of two tenements under
a single roof, but separated by a party wall.</cd>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Sem`i*di*am"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Half of a diameter; a right line, or the
length of a right line, drawn from the center of a circle, a
sphere, or other curved figure, to its circumference or
periphery; a radius.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*di`a*pa"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An imperfect octave.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*di`a*pen"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An imperfect or diminished fifth.</def>
<au>Busby.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*di`a*pha*ne"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Half or imperfect transparency; translucency.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*di*aph"a*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Half or imperfectly transparent; translucent.</def>
<au>Woodward.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*di`a*tes"sa*ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An imperfect or diminished fourth.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sem`i*di"tone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>semi-</ets> + <ets>ditone</ets>: cf. It.
<ets>semiditono</ets>. Cf. <er>Hemiditone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr.
Mus.)</fld> <def>A lesser third, having its terms as 6 to 5; a
hemiditone.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sem`i*di*ur"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Pertaining to, or accomplished in, half a day, or twelve
hours; occurring twice every day.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or traversed in, six hours, or in
half the time between the rising and setting of a heavenly body;
<as>as, a <ex>semidiurnal</ex> arc</as>.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*dome`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A roof or ceiling covering a semicircular
room or recess, or one of nearly that shape, as the apse of a
church, a niche, or the like. It is approximately the quarter of
a hollow sphere.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*dou`ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An office or feast celebrated with less
solemnity than the double ones. See <er>Double</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 8.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*dou"ble</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having the outermost stamens converted into petals, while
the inner ones remain perfect; -- said of a flower.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*fa`ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which
is part fable and part truth; a mixture of truth and fable.</def>
<au>De Quincey.</au>
<hw>Sem"i*flexed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
bent.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*flo`ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Semifloscule</er>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*flos"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Semiflosculous.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*flos`cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A floscule, or florest, with its corolla
prolonged into a strap-shaped petal; -- called also
<altname>semifloret</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*flos"cu*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having all the florets ligulate, as in the
dandelion.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*flu"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Imperfectly fluid.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
semifluid substance.</def></def2>
<hw>Sem"i*form`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A half
form; an imperfect form.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*formed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
formed; imperfectly formed; <as>as, <ex>semiformed</ex>
crystals</as>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*glu"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.
Chem.)</fld> <def>A peptonelike body, insoluble in alcohol,
formed by boiling collagen or gelatin for a long time in water.
<xex>Hemicollin</xex>, a like body, is also formed at the same
time, and differs from semiglutin by being partly soluble in
alcohol.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*his*tor"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Half or party historical.</def>
<au>Sir G. C. Lewis.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*ho"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Half-hourly.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*in"du*ra`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Imperfectly indurated or hardened.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*la*pid"i*fied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Imperfectly changed into stone.</def>
<au>Kirwan.</au>
<hw>Sem"i*lens`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The half of a lens divided along a plane
passing through its axis.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*len*tic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Half lenticular or convex; imperfectly resembling a
lens.</def>
<au>Kirwan.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*lig"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
or partially ligneous, as a stem partly woody and partly
herbaceous.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*liq"uid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
liquid; semifluid.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*li*quid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being semiliquid; partial liquidity.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
logical; partly logical; said of fallacies.</def>
<au>Whately.</au>
<hw>Sem"i*lor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>similor</ets>, <ets>semilor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A yellowish
alloy of copper and zinc. See <er>Simplor</er>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*lu"nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped
like a half moon.</def>
<cs><col>Semilunar bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a bone of
the carpus; the lunar. See <er>Lunar</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> --
<mcol><col>Semilunar</col>, <or/ <col>Sigmoid</col>,
<col>valves</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the valves at
the beginning of the aorta and of the pulmonary artery which
prevent the blood from flowing back into the ventricle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sem`i*lu"nar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The
semilunar bone.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*lu"na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Semilunar.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*lu"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Semilunar.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*lune`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The half of a lune.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*met`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An element possessing metallic properties
in an inferior degree and not malleable, as arsenic, antimony,
bismuth, molybdenum, uranium, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sem`i*me*tal"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a semimetal;
possessing metallic properties in an inferior degree; resembling
metal.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*month"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Coming or
made twice in a month; <as>as, <ex>semimonthly</ex> magazine; a
<ex>semimonthly</ex> payment.</as></def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<def>Something done or made every half month; esp., a semimonthly
periodical.</def></def2> -- <def2><pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
semimonthly manner; at intervals of half a month.</def></def2>
<hw>Semi`i*mute"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the
faculty of speech but imperfectly developed or partially
lost.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*mute`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A semimute
person.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>seminalis</ets>, fr. <ets>semen</ets>, <ets>seminis</ets>,
seed, akin to <ets>serere</ets> to sow: cf. F.
<ets>seminal</ets>. See <er>Sow</er> to scatter seed.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of,
seed or semen; <as>as, the <ex>seminal</ex> fluid</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Contained in seed; holding the relation of seed,
source, or first principle; holding the first place in a series
of developed results or consequents; germinal; radical; primary;
original; <as>as, <ex>seminal</ex> principles of generation;
<ex>seminal</ex> virtue.</as></def>
<q>The idea of God is, beyond all question or comparison, the one
great <qex>seminal</qex> principle.</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>
<cs><col>Seminal leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a seed leaf,
or cotyleden.</cd> -- <col>Seminal receptacle</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Spermatheca</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sem"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A seed.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*nal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being seminal.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sem`i*na"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sem"i*na*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>s\'82minariste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A member of,
or one educated in, a seminary; specifically, an ecclesiastic
educated for the priesthood in a seminary.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Seminaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>seminarium</ets>, fr. <ets>seminarius</ets> belonging to
seed, fr. <ets>semon</ets>, <ets>seminis</ets>, seed. See
<er>Seminal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of ground where
seed is sown for producing plants for transplantation; a nursery;
a seed plat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<q>But if you draw them [seedling] only for the thinning of your
<qex>seminary</qex>, prick them into some empty beds.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, the place or original stock whence
anything is brought or produced.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Woodward.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place of education, as a scool of a high
grade, an academy, college, or university.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Seminal state.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Fig.: A seed bed; a source.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Harvey.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A Roman Catholic priest educated in a foreign
seminary; a seminarist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Sem"i*na*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>seminarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to seed;
seminal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sem"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Seminated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Seminating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>seminatus</ets>,
p. p. of <ets>seminare</ets> to sow, fr. <ets>semen</ets>,
<ets>seminis</ets>, seed.]</ety> <def>To sow; to spread; to
propagate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Waterhouse.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>seminatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82mination</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of sowing or spreading.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Natural dispersion of
seeds.</def>
<au>Martyn.</au>
<hw>Sem"ined</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Semen</er>.]</ety> <def>Thickly covered or sown, as with
seeds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>semen</ets>, <ets>semenis</ets>, seed
<ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Seed-bearing;
producing seed; pertaining to, or connected with, the formation
of semen; <as>as, <ex>seminiferous</ex> cells or
vesicles</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sem`i*nif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sem`*nif"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>semen</ets>, <ets>seminis</ets>, seed +
<ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Forming
or producing seed, or the male generative product of animals or
of plants.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Propagation from seed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>
<hw>Sem"i*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A believer in the old theory that the
newly created being is formed by the admixture of the seed of the
male with the supposed seed of the female.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*noles</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.
<singw>Seminole</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>.
<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians who formerly
occupied Florida, where some of them still remain. They belonged
to the Creek Confideration.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*nose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>semen</ets> seed + <ets>glucose</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A carbohydrate of the glucose group found
in the thickened endosperm of certain seeds, and extracted as
yellow sirup having a sweetish-bitter taste.</def>
<-- same as D-mannose; C6H12O6, a hexose opticaly isomeric with
glucose. -->
<hw>Sem`i*nude"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Partially
nude; half naked.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*nymph`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pupa of insects which undergo only
a slight change in passing to the imago state.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*oc*ca"sion*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Once in a while; on rare occasions.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.
S.]</mark>
<hw>Sem`i*of*fi"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
official; having some official authority or importance; <as>as, a
<ex>semiofficial</ex> statement</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sem`i*of*fi"cial*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<mhw>{ <hw>Se`mi*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Se`mi*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Se`mi*o*log"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>. <def>Same as <er>Semeiography</er>,
<er>Semeiology</er>, <er>Semeiological</er>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*o*pa"cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Semiopaque.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*o`pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of opal not possessing
opalescence.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*o*paque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
opaque; only half transparent.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*or*bic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having the shape of a half orb or sphere.</def>
<hw>Se`mi*ot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Semeiotic</er>.</def>
<hw>Se`mi*ot"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Semeiotics</er>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*o"val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
oval.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*o"vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
ovate.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*ox"y*gen*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Combined with oxygen only in part.</def>
<au>Kirwan.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*pa"gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
pagan.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sem`i*pal"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sem`i*pal"ma*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the anterior toes joined only
part way down with a web; half-webbed; <as>as, a
<ex>semipalmate</ex> bird or foot</as>. See <xex>Illust</xex>.
<it>k</it> under <er>Aves</er>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*pa*rab"o*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One branch of a parabola, being
terminated at the principal vertex of the curve.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*ped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>semipes</ets>, <ets>semipedis</ets>; pref. <ets>semi-</ets>
half + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot.]</ety>
<fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A half foot in poetry.</def>
<hw>Se*mip"e*dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Pres.)</fld> <def>Containing a half foot.</def>
<hw>Sem`i-Pe*la"gi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of John Cassianus, a
French monk (died about 448), who modified the doctrines of
Pelagius, by denying human merit, and maintaining the necessity
of the Spirit's influence, while, on the other hand, he rejected
the Augustinian doctrines of election, the inability of man to do
good, and the certain perseverance of the saints.</def>
<hw>Sem`i-Pe*la"gi*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining
to the Semi-Pelagians, or their tenets.</def>
<-- p. 1309 -->
<hw>Sem`i-Pe*la"gi*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The doctrines or tenets of the Semi-Pelagians.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*pel*lu"cid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
clear, or imperfectly transparent; <as>as, a
<ex>semipellucid</ex> gem</as>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*pel`lu*cid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The qualiti or state of being imperfectly transparent.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*pen"ni*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Half or partially penniform; <as>as, a
<ex>semipenniform</ex> muscle</as>.</def>
<hw>Sem`o*per"ma*nent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Half or partly
permanent.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*per*spic"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Half transparent; imperfectly clear; semipellucid.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*phlo*gis"ti*ca`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Partially impregnated with
phlogiston.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*plume`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A feather which has a plumelike web,
with the shaft of an ordinary feather.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*pre"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Somewhat precious; <as>as, <ex>semiprecious</ex> stones or
metals</as>.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Half
proof; evidence from the testimony of a single witness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Sem`i pu"pa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The young of an insect in a stage
between the larva and pupa.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sem"i*quad`rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sem"i*quar"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>An aspect of the planets when distant
from each other the half of a quadrant, or forty-five degrees, or
one sign and a half.</def>
<au>Hutton.</au>
<hw>Sem"i*qua`ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A note of half the duration of the quaver;
-- now usually called a <xex>sixsteenth note</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*quin`tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>An aspect of the planets when distant
from each other half of the quintile, or thirty-six
degrees.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*rec"on*dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>Half hidden or half covered; said of the
head of an insect when half covered by the shield of the
thorax.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*ring`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the incomplete rings of the upper
part of the bronchial tubes of most birds. The semerings form an
essential part of the syrinx, or musical organ, of singing
birds.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*sav"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
savage.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*sav`age</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is half
savage.</def>
<hw>Sem`i-Sax"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
Saxon; -- specifically applied to the language intermediate
between Saxon and English, belonging to the period
1150-1250.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*sex"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>An aspect of the planets when they are
distant from each other the twelfth part of a circle, or thirty
degrees.</def>
<au>Hutton.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*sol"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Partially
solid.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*soun</hw> <pr>(-s<oomac/n)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
half sound; a low tone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSoft he
cougheth with a <xex>semisoun</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sem`i*spher"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sem`i*spher"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having the figure of a half sphere.</def>
<au>Kirwan.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*sphe*roid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Formed like a half spheroid.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*steel`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Puddled
steel</def>. <mark>[U. S. ]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sem"i*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Semit\'91</plw></plu>. <ety>[L., a path.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fasciole of a spatangoid sea
urchin.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*tan`gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The tangent of half an arc.</def>
<hw>Sem"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One belonging
to the Semitic race. Also used adjectively.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>Shemite</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sem`i*te*rete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Nat.
Hist.)</fld> <def>Half terete.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*ter"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having the characteristics of both a
tertian and a quotidian intermittent.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>An intermittent combining the
characteristics of a tertian and a quotidian.</def></def2>
<hw>Sem*it"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Shem or his descendants; belonging to that division
of the Caucasian race which includes the Arabs, Jews, and related
races.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Shemitic</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Semitic language</col>, <cd>a name used to designate a
group of Asiatic and African languages, some living and some
dead, namely: Hebrew and Ph<oe/nician, Aramaic, Assyrian, Arabic,
Ethiopic (Geez and Ampharic).</cd></cs>
<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>
<hw>Sem"i*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Semitic
idiom; a word of Semitic origin.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>Shemitism</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sem"i*tone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>semi-</ets> + <ets>tone</ets>. CF. <er>Hemitone</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Half a tone; -- the name commonly applied
to the smaller intervals of the diatonic scale.</def>
<note><hand/ There is an impropriety in the use of this word, and
<xex>half step</xex> is now preferred. See <er>Tone</er>.</note>
<au>J. S. Dwight.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*ton"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a semitone; consisting of a semitone, or of
semitones.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*tran`sept</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The half of a transept; <as>as, the north
<ex>semitransept</ex> of a church</as>.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*trans*lu"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Slightly clear; transmitting light in a slight degree.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*trans*par"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Imperfect or partial transparency.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*trans*par"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Half or imperfectly transparent.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*ver*tic"il*late</hw>, <pr>(<?/)</pr> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Partially verticillate.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*vif</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>semivivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Only half alive.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<hw>Sem`i*vit"re*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Partially vitreous.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*vit"ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being
semivitrified.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A substance imperfectly vitrified.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*vit"ri*fied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
or imperfectly vitrified; partially converted into glass.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*vo"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a semivowel; half
cocal; imperfectly sounding.</def>
<hw>Sem"i*vow`el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Phon.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sound intermediate between
a vowel and a consonant, or partaking of the nature of both, as
in the English <xex>w</xex> and <xex>y</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The sign or letter representing such a sound.</def>
<hw>Sem`i*week"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Coming,
or made, or done, once every half week; <as>as, a
<ex>semiweekly</ex> newspaper; a <ex>semiweekly</ex>
trip.</as></def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>That which comes or
happens once every half week, esp. a semiweekly
periodical.</def></def2> -- <def2><pos>adv.</pos> <def>At
intervals of half a week each.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Sem`o*lel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>See <er>Semolina</er>.</def>
<hw>Sem`o*li"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>semolino</ets>, from <ets>semola</ets> bran, L.
<ets>simila</ets> the finest wheat flour. Cf. <er>Semoule</er>,
<er>Simnel</er>.]</ety> <def>The fine, hard parts of wheat,
rounded by the attrition of the millstones, -- used in
cookery.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sem`o*li"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Semolina</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se*moule"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Semolina</er>.</def>
<hw>Sem`per*vi"rent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>semper</ets> always + <ets>virens</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>virere</ets> to be green.]</ety> <def>Always fresh;
evergreen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Smart.</au>
<hw>Sem"per*vive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>semperviva</ets>, <ets>sempervivum</ets>, fr.
<ets>sempervivus</ets> ever-living; <ets>semper</ets> always +
<ets>vivus</ets> living.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
houseleek.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sem`per*vi"vum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of fleshy-leaved plants, of which
the houseleek (<spn>Sempervivum tectorum</spn>) is the commonest
species.</def>
<hw>Sem`pi*ter"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sempiternus</ets>, fr. <ets>semper</ets> always: cf. F.
<ets>sempiternel</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of neverending
duration; everlasting; endless; having beginning, but no
end.</def>
<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without beginning or end; eternal.</def>
<au>Blackmore.</au>
<hw>Sem"pi*terne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sempiternal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sem`pi*ter"ni*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sempiternitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Future duration without
end; the relation or state of being sempiternal.</def>
<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>
<hw>Sem"pre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[It., fr. L.
<ets>semper</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Always;
throughout; <as>as, <ex>sempre</ex> piano, always
soft</as>.</def>
<hw>Semp"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
seamster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Semp"stress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
seamstress.</def>
<q>Two hundred <qex>sepstress</qex> were employed to make me
shirts.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Semp"stress*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Seamstressy.</def>
<hw>Sem"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
seamster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Se*mun"ci*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fr. <ets>semi</ets> half + <ets>uncia</ets> ounce.]</ety>
<fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A Roman coin equivalent to one
twenty-fourth part of a Roman pound.</def>
<hw>Sen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Japanese coin,
worth about one half of a cent.</def>
<hw>Sen</hw>, <pos>adv., prep., & conj.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Since</er>.]</ety> <def>Since.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sen"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>senarius</ets>, fr. <ets>seni</ets> six each, fr.
<ets>sex</ets> six. See <er>Six</er>.]</ety> <def>Of six;
belonging to six; containing six.</def>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Sen"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>senat</ets>, F. <ets>s\'82nat</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>senatus</ets>, fr. <ets>senex</ets>, gen. <ets>senis</ets>,
old, an old man. See <er>Senior</er>, <er>Sir</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An assembly or council having the highest
deliberative and legislative functions.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Anc. Rom.)</fld> <def>A body of elders
appointed or elected from among the nobles of the nation, and
having supreme legislative authority.</def>
<q>The <qex>senate</qex> was thus the medium through which all
affairs of the whole government had to pass.</q>
<qau>Dr. W. Smith.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The upper and less numerous branch of a
legislature in various countries, as in France, in the United
States, in most of the separate States of the United States, and
in some Swiss cantons</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In general, a
legislative body; a state council; the legislative department of
government</def>.
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The governing body of the Universities of
Cambridge and London.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>In some American colleges, a council of elected
students, presided over by the president of the college, to which
are referred cases of discipline and matters of general concern
affecting the students.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<cs><col>Senate chamber</col>, <cd>a room where a senate meets
when it transacts business.</cd> -- <col>Senate house</col>,
<cd>a house where a senate meets when it transacts
business.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sen"a*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>senatour</ets>, OF. <ets>senatour</ets>, F.
<ets>s\'82nateur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>senator</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A member of a senate.</def>
<q>The duke and <qex>senators</qex> of Venice greet you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ In the United States, each State sends two senators
for a term of six years to the national Congress.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>A member of the king's
council; a king's councilor.</def>
<au>Burrill.</au>
<hw>Sen`a*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>s\'82natorial</ets>, or L. <ets>senatorius</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a senator, or a senate;
becoming to a senator, or a senate; <as>as, <ex>senatorial</ex>
duties; <ex>senatorial</ex> dignity</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Entitled to elect a senator, or by senators;
<as>as, the <ex>senatorial</ex> districts of a State</as>.</def>
<mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Sen`a*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a senatorial
manner.</def>
<hw>Sen`a*to"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Senatorial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>De Quincey.</au>
<hw>Sen`a*to"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Senatorial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sen"a*tor*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
office or dignity of a senator.</def>
<au>Carew.</au>
<hw>Se*na`tus*con*sult"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>senatus consultum</ets>.]</ety> <def>A decree of the Roman
senate.</def>
<hw>Send</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sent</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sending</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[AS. <ets>sendan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>sendian</ets>, D.
<ets>zenden</ets>, G. <ets>senden</ets>, OHG. <ets>senten</ets>,
Icel. <ets>senda</ets>, Sw. <ets>s\'84nda</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sende</ets>, Goth. <ets>sandjan</ets>, and to Goth.
<ets>sinp</ets> a time (properly, a going), ga<ets>sinpa</ets>
companion, OHG. <ets>sind</ets> journey, AS. <ets>s\'c6<?/</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sinni</ets> a walk, journey, a time. W.
<ets>hynt</ets> a way, journey, OIr. <ets>s<?/t</ets>. Cf.
<er>Sense</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to go in any
manner; to dispatch; to commission or direct to go; <as>as, to
<ex>send</ex> a messenger</as>.</def>
<q>I have not <qex>sent</qex> these prophets, yet they ran.</q>
<qau>Jer. xxiii. 21.</qau>
<q>I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself,
but he <qex>sent</qex> me.</q>
<qau>John viii. 42.</qau>
<q>Servants, <qex>sent</qex> on messages, stay out somewhat
longer than the message requires.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give motion to; to cause to be borne or
carried; to procure the going, transmission, or delivery of;
<as>as, to <ex>send</ex> a message</as>.</def>
<q>He . . . <qex>sent</qex> letters by posts on horseback.</q>
<qau>Esther viii. 10.</qau>
<q>O <qex>send</qex> out thy light an thy truth; let them lead
me.</q>
<qau>Ps. xliii. 3.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To emit; to impel; to cast; to throw; to hurl;
<as>as, to <ex>send</ex> a ball, an arrow, or the
like</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to be or to happen; to bestow; to
inflict; to grant; -- sometimes followed by a dependent
proposition.</def> \'bdGod <xex>send</xex> him well!\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The Lord shall <qex>send</qex> upon thee cursing, vexation,
and rebuke.</q>
<qau>Deut. xxviii. 20.</qau>
<q>And <qex>sendeth</qex> rain on the just and on the unjust.</q>
<qau>Matt. v. 45.</qau>
<q>God <qex>send</qex> your mission may bring back peace.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Send</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
dispatch an agent or messenger to convey a message, or to do an
errand.</def>
<q>See ye how this son of a murderer hath <qex>sent</qex> to take
away my head?</q>
<qau>2 Kings vi. 32.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To pitch; <as>as, the ship
<ex>sends</ex> forward so violently as to endanger her
masts</as>.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<cs><col>To send for</col>, <cd>to request or require by message
to come or be brought.</cd></cs>
<hw>Send</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The impulse
of a wave by which a vessel is carried bodily.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>scend</asp>.]</altsp> <au>W. C.
Russell</au>. \'bdThe <xex>send</xex> of the sea\'b8.
<au>Longfellow.</au>
<hw>Sen"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>cendal</ets> (cf. Pr. & Sp. <ets>cendal</ets>, It.
<ets>zendale</ets>), LL. <ets>cendallum</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a
fine Indian cloth.]</ety> <def>A light thin stuff of silk.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>cendal</asp>, and
<asp>sendal</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Wore she not a veil of twisted <qex>sendal</qex> embroidered
with silver?</q>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Send"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sends.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sen"e*cas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.
<singw>Seneca</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>
<def>A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Western
New York. This tribe was the most numerous and most warlike of
the Five Nations.</def>
<cs><col>Seneca grass</col><fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>holy grass. See
under <er>Holy</er>.</cd> -- <col>Seneca eil</col>, <cd>petroleum
or naphtha.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Seneca root</col>, <or/
<col>Seneca snakeroot</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the
rootstock of an American species of milkworth (<spn>Polygala
Senega</spn>) having an aromatic but bitter taste. It is often
used medicinally as an expectorant and diuretic, and, in large
doses, as an emetic and cathartic.</cd> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>Senega root<asp>, and <asp>Seneka root<asp>.]</altsp></cs>
<hw>\'d8Se*ne"ci*o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
groundsel, lit., an old man. So called in allusion to the hoary
appearance of the pappus.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A very
large genus of composite plants including the groundsel and the
golden ragwort.</def>
<hw>Se*nec"ti*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>senectus</ets> aged, old age, <ets>senex</ets> old.]</ety>
<def>Old age.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Senectitude</xex>,
weary of its toils.\'b8
<au>H. Miller.</au>
<hw>Sen"e*ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Seneca root.</def>
<hw>Sen"e*gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Gum senegal.
See under <er>Gum</er>.</def>
<hw>Sen"e*gin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.
Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance extracted from the rootstock of the
<spn>Polygala Senega</spn> (Seneca root), and probably identical
with polygalic acid.</def>
<hw>Se*nes"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Senescent</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of growing old; decay
by time.</def>
<hw>Se*nes"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>senescent</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>senescere</ets> to grow old,
incho. fr. <ets>senere</ets> to be old.]</ety> <def>Growing old;
decaying with the lapse of time.</def> \'bdThe night was
<xex>senescent</xex>.\'b8 <au>Poe</au>. \'bdWith too
<xex>senescent</xex> air.\'b8
<au>Lowell.</au>
<hw>Sen"es*chal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>seneschal</ets>, LL. <ets>seniscalcus</ets>, of Teutonic
origin; cf. Goth. <ets>sineigs</ets> old, <ets>skalks</ets>, OHG.
<ets>scalch</ets>, AS. <ets>scealc</ets>. Cf. <er>Senior</er>,
<er>Marshal</er>.]</ety> <def>An officer in the houses of princes
and dignitaries, in the Middle Ages, who had the superintendence
of feasts and domestic ceremonies; a steward. Sometimes the
seneschal had the dispensing of justice, and was given high
military commands.</def>
<q>Then marshaled feast
Served up in hall with sewers and <qex>seneschale</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Philip Augustus, by a famous ordinance in 1190, first
established royal courts of justice, held by the officers called
baitiffs, or <qex>seneschals</qex>, who acted as the king's
lieutenants in his demains.</q>
<qau>Hallam.</qau>
<hw>Sen"es*chal*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office,
dignity, or jurisdiction of a seneschal.</def>
<hw>Senge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
singe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sen"green</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[AS.
<ets>singr<?/ne</ets>, properly, evergreen, fr. <ets>sin</ets>
(in composition) always + <ets>gr\'89ne</ets> green; akin to OHG.
<ets>sin-</ets> ever, L. <ets>semper</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The houseleek.</def>
<hw>Se"nile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>senilis</ets>, from <ets>senex</ets>, gen. <ets>senis</ets>,
old, an old man: cf. F. <ets>s\'82nile</ets>. See
<er>Senior</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to old age;
proceeding from, or characteristic of, old age; affected with the
infirmities of old age; <as>as, <ex>senile</ex>
weakness</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Senile</xex> maturity of
judgment.\'b8
<au>Boyle.</au>
<cs><col>Senile gangrene</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a form of
gangrene occuring particularly in old people, and caused usually
by insufficient blood supply due to degeneration of the walls of
the smaller arteries.</cd></cs>
<hw>Se*nil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82nilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of
being senile; old age.</def>
<hw>Sen"ior</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>senior</ets>, compar. of <ets>senex</ets>, gen.
<ets>senis</ets>, old. See <er>Sir</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>More advanced than another in age; prior in age; elder;
hence, more advanced in dignity, rank, or office; superior;
<as>as, <ex>senior</ex> member; <ex>senior</ex>
counsel</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Belonging to the final year of the regular
course in American colleges, or in professional schools.</def>
<hw>Sen"ior</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person who is
older than another; one more advanced in life.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One older in office, or whose entrance upon
office was anterior to that of another; one prior in grade.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An aged person; an older.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>Each village <qex>senior</qex> paused to scan,
And speak the lovely caravan.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>One in the fourth or final year of his
collegiate course at an American college; -- originally called
<xex>senior sophister</xex>; also, one in the last year of the
course at a professional schools or at a seminary.</def>
<hw>Sen*ior"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being senior.</def>
<hw>Sen"ior*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
exercise authority; to rule; to lord it.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Fairfax.</au>
<hw>Sen"ior*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Seniority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sen"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It. & Sp.
<ets>sena</ets>, Pg. <ets>sene</ets>, F. <ets>s\'82n\'82</ets>;
all fr. Ar. <ets>san\'be</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The leaves of several leguminous plants of
the genus Cassia. (<spn>C. acutifolia</spn>. <spn>C.
angustifolia</spn>, etc.). They constitute a valuable but
nauseous cathartic medicine.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The plants themselves, native
to the East, but now cultivated largely in the south of Europe
and in the West Indies.</def>
<cs><col>Bladder senna</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Bladder</er>.</cd> -- <col>Wild senna</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Cassia Marilandica</spn>, growing
in the United States, the leaves of which are used medicinally,
like those of the officinal senna.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1310 -->
<hw>Sen"na*chy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Seannachie</er>.</def>
<hw>Sen"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Properly, a
sign given for the entrance or exit of actors, from OF.
<ets>sinet</ets>, <ets>signet</ets>, dim. of <ets>signe</ets>.
See <er>Signet</er>.]</ety> <def>A signal call on a trumpet or
cornet for entrance or exit on the stage.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sen"net</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
barracuda.</def>
<hw>Sen"night</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. fr.
<ets>sevennight</ets>.]</ety> <def>The space of seven nights and
days; a week.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>se'nnight</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>
<au>Shak. Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Sen"nit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Seven</ets> + <ets>knit</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A braided cord or fabric formed by
plaiting together rope yarns or other small stuff.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Plaited straw or palm leaves for making
hats.</def>
<hw>Se*noc"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>seni</ets> six each (fr. <ets>sex</ets> six) +
<ets>oculus</ets> eye.]</ety> <def>Having six eyes.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Derham.</au>
<hw>Se*no"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>s\'82nonien</ets>, from the district of
<ets>S\'82nonais</ets>, in France.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>
<def>In european geology, a name given to the middle division of
the Upper Cretaceous formation.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se*\'a4or"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. Cf.
<er>Senior</er>.]</ety> <def>A Spanish title of courtesy
corresponding to the English <xex>Mr</xex>. or <xex>Sir</xex>;
also, a gentleman.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se*\'a4o"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A Spanish title of courtesy given to a
lady; Mrs.; Madam; also, a lady.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se`\'a4o*ri"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A Spanish title of courtesy given to a
young lady; Miss; also, a young lady.</def>
<hw>Sens</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Since</er>.]</ety> <def>Since.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sen"sate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sensated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sensating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Sensated</er>.]</ety> <def>To feel or apprehend more or less
distinctly through a sense, or the senses; <as>as, to
<ex>sensate</ex> light, or an odor</as>.</def>
<q>As those of the one are <qex>sensated</qex> by the ear, so
those of the other are by the eye.</q>
<qau>R. Hooke.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sen"sate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sen"sa*ted</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>sensatus</ets>
gifted with sense, intelligent, fr. <ets>sensus</ets> sense. See
<er>Sense</er>.]</ety> <def>Felt or apprehended through a sense,
or the senses.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Baxter.</au>
<hw>Sen*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sensation</ets>. See <er>Sensate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An impression, or the consciousness of
an impression, made upon the central nervous organ, through the
medium of a sensory or afferent nerve or one of the organs of
sense; a feeling, or state of consciousness, whether agreeable or
disagreeable, produced either by an external object (stimulus),
or by some change in the internal state of the body.</def>
<q>Perception is only a special kind of knowledge, and
<qex>sensation</qex> a special kind of feeling. . . . Knowledge
and feeling, perception and <qex>sensation</qex>, though always
coexistent, are always in the inverse ratio of each other.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A purely spiritual or psychical affection;
agreeable or disagreeable feelings occasioned by objects that are
not corporeal or material.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A state of excited interest or feeling, or that
which causes it.</def>
<q>The <qex>sensation</qex> caused by the appearance of that work
is still remembered by many.</q>
<qau>Brougham.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Perception.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Sensation</er>,
<er>Perseption</er>. The distinction between these words, when
used in mental philosophy, may be thus stated; if I simply smell
a rose, I have a <xex>sensation</xex>; if I refer that smell to
the external object which occasioned it, I have a
<xex>perception</xex>. Thus, the former is mere feeling, without
the idea of an object; the latter is the mind's apprehension of
some external object as occasioning that feeling.
\'bd<xex>Sensation</xex> properly expresses <xex>that change in
the state of the mind</xex> which is produced by an impression
upon an organ of sense (of which change we can conceive the mind
to be conscious, without any knowledge of external objects).
<xex>Perception</xex>, on the other hand, expresses the
<xex>knowledge</xex> or the intimations we obtain by means of our
<xex>sensations</xex> concerning the qualities of matter, and
consequently involves, in every instance, the notion of
<xex>externality</xex>, or <xex>outness</xex>, which it is
necessary to exclude in order to seize the precise import of the
word <xex>sensation</xex>.\'b8 <au>Fleming</au>.</usage>
<hw>Sen*sa"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to sensation; <as>as, <ex>sensational</ex>
nerves</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to sensationalism, or the
doctrine that sensation is the sole origin of knowledge.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Suited or intended to excite temporarily great
interest or emotion; melodramatic; emotional; <as>as,
<ex>sensational</ex> plays or novels; <ex>sensational</ex>
preaching; <ex>sensational</ex> journalism; a
<ex>sensational</ex> report</as>.</def>
<hw>Sen*sa"tion*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The doctrine held by
Condillac, and by some ascribed to Locke, that our ideas
originate solely in sensation, and consist of sensations
transformed; sensualism; -- opposed to <xex>intuitionalism</xex>,
and <xex>rationalism</xex>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The practice or methods of sensational writing
or speaking; <as>as, the <ex>sensationalism</ex> of a
novel</as>.</def>
<hw>Sen*sa"tion*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>An advocate of, or believer in,
philosophical sensationalism.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who practices sensational writing or
speaking.</def>
<hw>Sense</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sensus</ets>, from <ets>sentire</ets>, <ets>sensum</ets>, to
perceive, to feel, from the same root as E. <ets>send</ets>; cf.
OHG. <ets>sin</ets> sense, mind, <ets>sinnan</ets> to go, to
journey, G. <ets>sinnen</ets> to meditate, to think: cf. F.
<ets>sens</ets>. For the change of meaning cf. <er>See</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos> See <er>Send</er>, and cf. <er>Assent</er>,
<er>Consent</er>, <er>Scent</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,
<er>Sentence</er>, <er>Sentient</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A faculty, possessed by animals, of
perceiving external objects by means of impressions made upon
certain organs (sensory or sense organs) of the body, or of
perceiving changes in the condition of the body; <as>as, the
<ex>senses</ex> of sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch</as>.
See <cref>Muscular sense</cref>, under <er>Muscular</er>, and
<cref>Temperature sense</cref>, under <er>Temperature</er>.</def>
<q>Let fancy still my <qex>sense</qex> in Lethe steep.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>What surmounts the reach
Of human <qex>sense</qex> I shall delineate.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>The traitor <qex>Sense</qex> recalls
The soaring soul from rest.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Perception by the sensory organs of the body;
sensation; sensibility; feeling.</def>
<q>In a living creature, though never so great, the
<qex>sense</qex> and the affects of any one part of the body
instantly make a transcursion through the whole.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Perception through the intellect; apprehension;
recognition; understanding; discernment; appreciation.</def>
<q>This Basilius, having the quick <qex>sense</qex> of a
lover.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<q>High disdain from <qex>sense</qex> of injured merit.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Sound perception and reasoning; correct
judgment; good mental capacity; understanding; also, that which
is sound, true, or reasonable; rational meaning.</def> \'bdHe
speaks <xex>sense</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>He raves; his words are loose
As heaps of sand, and scattering wide from <qex>sense</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which is felt or is held as a sentiment,
view, or opinion; judgment; notion; opinion.</def>
<q>I speak my private but impartial <qex>sense</qex>
With freedom.</q>
<qau>Roscommon.</qau>
<q>The municipal council of the city had ceased to speak the
<qex>sense</qex> of the citizens.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Meaning; import; signification; <as>as, the true
<ex>sense</ex> of words or phrases; the <ex>sense</ex> of a
remark</as>.</def>
<q>So they read in the book in the law of God distinctly, and
gave the <qex>sense</qex>.</q>
<qau>Neh. viii. 8.</qau>
<q>I think 't was in another <qex>sense</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Moral perception or appreciation.</def>
<q>Some are so hardened in wickedness as to have no
<qex>sense</qex> of the most friendly offices.</q>
<qau>L' Estrange.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One of two opposite
directions in which a line, surface, or volume, may be supposed
to be described by the motion of a point, line, or surface.</def>
<cs><col>Common sense</col>, <cd>according to Sir W. Hamilton:
<sd>(a)</sd> \'bdThe complement of those cognitions or
convictions which we receive from nature, which all men possess
in common, and by which they test the truth of knowledge and the
morality of actions.\'b8</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>\'bdThe faculty of
first principles.\'b8 These two are the philosophical
significations.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>\'bdSuch ordinary
complement of intelligence, that,if a person be deficient
therein, he is accounted mad or foolish.\'b8</cd> <sd>(d)</sd>
<cd>When the substantive is emphasized: \'bdNative practical
intelligence, natural prudence, mother wit, tact in behavior,
acuteness in the observation of character, in contrast to habits
of acquired learning or of speculation.\'b8</cd> -- <col>Moral
sense</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Moral</er>,
<sd>(a)</sd>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>The inner</col>, <or/
<col>internal</col>, <col>sense</col></mcol>, <cd>capacity of the
mind to be aware of its own states; consciousness; reflection.
\'bdThis source of ideas every man has wholly in himself, and
though it be not sense, as having nothing to do with external
objects, yet it is very like it, and might properly enough be
called <xex>internal sense<xex>.\'b8 <au>Locke</au>.</cd> --
<col>Sense capsule</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the
cartilaginous or bony cavities which inclose, more or less
completely, the organs of smell, sight, and hearing.</cd> --
<col>Sense organ</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a specially
irritable mechanism by which some one natural force or form of
energy is enabled to excite sensory nerves; as the eye, ear, an
end bulb or tactile corpuscle, etc.</cd> -- <col>Sense
organule</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the modified
epithelial cells in or near which the fibers of the sensory
nerves terminate.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Understanding; reason.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Sense</er>, <er>Understanding</er>, <er>Reason</er>. Some
philosophers have given a technical signification to these terms,
which may here be stated. <xex>Sense</xex> is the mind's acting
in the direct cognition either of material objects or of its own
mental states. In the first case it is called the
<xex>outer</xex>, in the second the <xex>inner</xex>, sense.
<xex>Understanding</xex> is the logical faculty, <it>i. e.</it>,
the power of apprehending under general conceptions, or the power
of classifying, arranging, and making deductions.
<xex>Reason</xex> is the power of apprehending those first or
fundamental truths or principles which are the conditions of all
real and scientific knowledge, and which control the mind in all
its processes of investigation and deduction. These distinctions
are given, not as established, but simply because they often
occur in writers of the present day.</usage>
<hw>Sense</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sensed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sensing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To
perceive by the senses; to recognize.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Colloq.]</mark>
<q>Is he sure that objects are not otherwise <qex>sensed</qex> by
others than they are by him?</q>
<qau>Glanvill.</qau>
<hw>Sense"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of
sense, meaning, or reason; reasonable; judicious.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Senseful</xex> speech.\'b8
<au>Spenser</au>. \'bdMen, otherwise <xex>senseful</xex> and
ingenious.\'b8 <au>Norris</au>.
<hw>Sense"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of, deficient
in, or contrary to, sense; without sensibility or feeling;
unconscious; stupid; foolish; unwise; unreasonable.</def>
<q>You blocks, you stones, you worse than <qex>senseless</qex>
things.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The ears are <qex>senseless</qex> that should give us
hearing.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The <qex>senseless</qex> grave feels not your pious
sorrows.</q>
<qau>Rowe.</qau>
<q>They were a <qex>senseless</qex>, stupid race.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<q>They would repent this their <qex>senseless</qex> perverseness
when it would be too late.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>
--- <wordforms><wf>Sense"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sense"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sen`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sensibilities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sensibilit\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>sensibilitas</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The quality or state of
being sensible, or capable of sensation; capacity to feel or
perceive.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The capacity of emotion or feeling, as
distinguished from the intellect and the will; peculiar
susceptibility of impression, pleasurable or painful; delicacy of
feeling; quick emotion or sympathy; <as>as, <ex>sensibility</ex>
to pleasure or pain; <ex>sensibility</ex> to shame or praise;
exquisite <ex>sensibility</ex></as>; -- often used in the
plural.</def> \'bd<xex>Sensibilities</xex> so fine!\'b8
<au>Cowper.</au>
<q>The true lawgiver ought to have a heart full of
<qex>sensibility</qex>.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<q>His <qex>sensibilities</qex> seem rather to have been those of
patriotism than of wounded pride.</q>
<qau>Marshall.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Experience of sensation; actual feeling.</def>
<q>This adds greatly to my <qex>sensibility</qex>.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That quality of an instrument which makes it
indicate very slight changes of condition; delicacy; <as>as, the
<ex>sensibility</ex> of a balance, or of a
thermometer</as>.</def><-- usu. sensitivity -->
<syn>Syn. -- Taste; susceptibility; feeling. See
<er>Taste</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sen"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>sensibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>sensus</ets> sense.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being perceived by the senses;
apprehensible through the bodily organs; hence, also, perceptible
to the mind; making an impression upon the sense, reason, or
understanding; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ heat; <xex>sensible</xex>
resistance.</def>
<q>Air is <qex>sensible</qex> to the touch by its motion.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<q>The disgrace was more <qex>sensible</qex> than the pain.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<q>Any very <qex>sensible</qex> effect upon the prices of
things.</q>
<qau>A. Smith.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the capacity of receiving impressions
from external objects; capable of perceiving by the
instrumentality of the proper organs; liable to be affected
physsically or mentally; impressible.</def>
<q>Would your cambric were <qex>sensible</qex> as your
finger.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence: Liable to impression from without; easily
affected; having nice perception or acute feeling; sensitive;
also, readily moved or affected by natural agents; delicate;
<as>as, a <ex>sensible</ex> thermometer</as>.</def> \'bdWith
affection wondrous <xex>sensible</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Perceiving or having perception, either by the
senses or the mind; cognizant; perceiving so clearly as to be
convinced; satisfied; persuaded.</def>
<q>He [man] can not think at any time, waking or sleeping,
without being <qex>sensible</qex> of it.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<q>They are now <qex>sensible</qex> it would have been better to
comply than to refuse.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Having moral perception; capable of being
affected by moral good or evil.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Possessing or containing sense or reason;
giftedwith, or characterized by, good or common sense;
intelligent; wise.</def>
<q>Now a <qex>sensible</qex> man, by and by a fool.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>Sensible note</col> <or/ <col>tone</col></mcol>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the major seventh note of any scale; -- so
called because, being but a half step below the octave, or key
tone, and naturally leading up to that, it makes the ear
<xex>sensible<xex> of its approaching sound. Called also the
<altname>leading tone</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sensible
horizon</col>. <cd>See <er>Horizon</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.
<sd>(a)</sd>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Intelligent; wise.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Sensible</er>, <er>Intelligent</er>. We call a man
<xex>sensible</xex> whose judgments and conduct are marked and
governed by sound judgment or good common semse. We call one
<xex>intelligent</xex> who is quick and clear in his
understanding, <it>i. e.</it>, who discriminates readily and
nicely in respect to difficult and important distinction. The
sphere of the <xex>sensible</xex> man lies in matters of
practical concern; of the <xex>intelligent</xex> man, in subjects
of intellectual interest. \'bdI have been tired with accounts
from <xex>sensible</xex> men, furnished with matters of fact
which have happened within their own knowledge.\'b8
<au>Addison</au>. \'bdTrace out numerous footsteps . . . of a
most wise and <xex>intelligent</xex> architect throughout all
this stupendous fabric.\'b8
<au>Woodward.</au>
</usage>
<hw>Sen"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Sensation; sensibility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'b8Our
temper changed . . . which must needs remove the
<xex>sensible</xex> of pain.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which impresses itself on the sense;
anything perceptible.</def>
<q>Aristotle distinguished <qex>sensibles</qex> into common and
proper.</q>
<qau>Krauth-Fleming.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which has sensibility; a sensitive
being.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>This melancholy extends itself not to men only, but even to
vegetals and <qex>sensibles</qex>.</q>
<qau>Burton.</qau>
<hw>Sen"si*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
quality or state of being sensible; sensibility; appreciation;
capacity of perception; susceptibility.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>sensibleness</xex> of the eye.\'b8 <au>Sharp</au>.
\'bd<xex>Sensibleness</xex> and sorrow for sin.\'b8
<au>Hammond.</au>
<q>The <qex>sensibleness</qex> of the divine presence.</q>
<qau>Hallywell.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Intelligence; reasonableness; good sense.</def>
<hw>Sen"si*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a
sensible manner; so as to be perceptible to the senses or to the
mind; appreciably; with perception; susceptibly;
sensitively.</def>
<q>What remains past cure,
Bear not too <qex>sensibly</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>With intelligence or good sense;
judiciously.</def>
<hw>Sen`si*fa"cient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sensus</ets> sense + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety>
<def>Converting into sensation.</def>
<au>Huxley.</au>
<hw>Sen*sif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sensifer</ets>; <ets>sensus</ets> sense + <ets>ferre</ets>
to bear.]</ety> <def>Exciting sensation; conveying
sensation.</def>
<au>Huxley.</au>
<hw>Sen*sif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sensificus</ets>; <ets>sensus</ets> sense +
<ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Exciting sensation.</def>
<hw>Sen*sif"i*ca*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Susceptible of, or converting into, sensation; <as>as, the
<ex>sensificatory</ex> part of a nervous system</as>.</def>
<au>Huxley.</au>
<hw>Sen*sig"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sensus</ets> sense + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing
or exciting sensation.</def>
<au>Huxley.</au>
<hw>Sens"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sensualism</er>, 2 & 3.</def>
<hw>Sens"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, in philosophy,
holds to sensism.</def>
<hw>Sen"si*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sensitif</ets>. See <er>Sense</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having sense of feeling; possessing or exhibiting the
capacity of receiving impressions from external objects; <as>as,
a <ex>sensitive</ex> soul</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having quick and acute sensibility, either to
the action of external objects, or to impressions upon the mind
and feelings; highly susceptible; easily and acutely
affected.</def>
<q>She was too <qex>sensitive</qex> to abuse and calumny.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Having a
capacity of being easily affected or moved; <as>as, a
<ex>sensitive</ex> thermometer; <ex>sensitive</ex>
scales</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Chem. & Photog.)</fld>
<def>Readily affected or changed by certain appropriate agents;
<as>as, silver chloride or bromide, when in contact with certain
organic substances, is extremely <ex>sensitive</ex> to actinic
rays</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Serving to affect the sense; sensible.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>A sensitive love of some <qex>sensitive</qex> objects.</q>
<qau>Hammond.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to sensation; depending on
sensation; <as>as, <ex>sensitive</ex> motions; <ex>sensitive</ex>
muscular motions excited by irritation</as>.</def>
<au>E. Darwin.</au>
<cs><col>Sensitive fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American
fern (<spn>Onoclea sensibilis</spn>), the leaves of which, when
plucked, show a slight tendency to fold together.</cd> --
<col>Sensitive flame</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a gas flame
so arranged that under a suitable adjustment of pressure it is
exceedingly sensitive to sounds, being caused to roar, flare, or
become suddenly shortened or extinguished, by slight sounds of
the proper pitch.</cd> -- <col>Sensitive joint vetch</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an annual leguminous herb
(<spn>\'92schynomene hispida</spn>), with sensitive foliage.</cd>
-- <col>Sensitive paper</col>, <cd>paper prepared for
photographic purpose by being rendered sensitive to the effect of
light.</cd> -- <col>Sensitive plant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A leguminous plant (<spn>Mimosa pudica</spn>, or
<spn>M. sensitiva</spn>, and other allied species), the leaves of
which close at the slightest touch.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any
plant showing motions after irritation, as the sensitive brier
(<spn>Schrankia</spn>) of the Southern States, two common
American species of Cassia (<spn>C. nictitans</spn>, and <spn>C.
Cham\'91crista</spn>), a kind of sorrel (<spn>Oxalis
sensitiva</spn>), etc.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1311 -->
-- <wordforms><wf>Sen"si*tive*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Sen"si*tive*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sen`si*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being sensitive; -- used chiefly in science
and the arts; <as>as, the <ex>sensitivity</ex> of iodized
silver</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Sensitivity</qex> and emotivity have also been used as
the scientific term for the capacity of feeling.</q>
<qau>Hickok.</qau>
<hw>Sen"si*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To render sensitive, or susceptible of
being easily acted on by the actinic rays of the sun; <as>as,
<ex>sensitized</ex> paper or plate</as>.</def>
<hw>Sen"si*ti`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>An agent that sensitizes.</def>
<q>The <qex>sensitizer</qex> should be poured on the middle of
the sheet.</q>
<qau>Wilis & Clements (The Platinotype).</qau>
<hw>Sen"si*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sensory</er>.</def>
<hw>Sens"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having sense
or sensibility; sensitive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<hw>Sen"sor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sensory;
<as>as, the <ex>sensor</ex> nerves</as>.</def>
<hw>Sen*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sensorial</ets>. See <er>Sensorium</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to the sensorium; <as>as, <ex>sensorial</ex>
faculties, motions, powers</as>.</def>
<au>A. Tucker.</au>
<hw>Sen*so"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Sensoriums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Sensoria</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>sentire</ets>,
<ets>sensum</ets>, <ets>to discern or perceive by the
senses</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The seat of
sensation; the nervous center or centers to which impressions
from the external world must be conveyed before they can be
perceived; the place where external impressions are localized,
and transformed into sensations, prior to being reflected to
other parts of the organism; hence, the whole nervous system,
when animated, so far as it is susceptible of common or special
sensations.</def>
<hw>Sen*so`ri-vo*li"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Concerned both in sensation and
volition; -- applied to those nerve fibers which pass to and from
the cerebro-spinal axis, and are respectively concerned in
sensation and volition.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>Sen"se*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sensories</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Sensorium</er>.</def>
<hw>Sen"so*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of
or pertaining to the sensorium or sensation; <as>as,
<ex>sensory</ex> impulses; -- especially applied to those nerves
and nerve fibers which convey to a nerve center impulses
resulting in sensation; also sometimes loosely employed in the
sense of <ex>afferent</ex>, to indicate nerve fibers which convey
impressions of any kind to a nerve center</as>.</def>
<hw>Sen"su*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sensualis</ets>, from <ets>sensus</ets> sense: cf. F.
<ets>sensuel</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to,
consisting in, or affecting, the sense, or bodily organs of
perception; relating to, or concerning, the body, in distinction
from the spirit.</def>
<q>Pleasing and <qex>sensual</qex> rites and ceremonies.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>Far as creation's ample range extends,
The scale of <qex>sensual</qex>, mental powers ascends.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, not spiritual or intellectual; carnal;
fleshly; pertaining to, or consisting in, the gratification of
the senses, or the indulgence of appetites; wordly.</def>
<q>These be they who separate themselves, <qex>sensual</qex>,
having not the Spirit.</q>
<qau>Jude 19.</qau>
<q>The greatest part of men are such as prefer . . . that good
which is <qex>sensual</qex> before whatsoever is most divine.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Devoted to the pleasures of sense and appetite;
luxurious; voluptuous; lewd; libidinous.</def>
<q>No small part of virtue consists in abstaining from that
wherein <qex>sensual</qex> men place their felicity.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Pertaining or peculiar to the philosophical
doctrine of sensualism.</def>
<hw>Sen"su*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sensualisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition or
character of one who is sensual; subjection to sensual feelings
and appetite; sensuality.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that all our
ideas, or the operations of the understanding, not only originate
in sensation, but are transformed sensations, copies or relics of
sensations; sensationalism; sensism.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Ethics)</fld> <def>The regarding of the
gratification of the senses as the highest good.</def>
<au>Krauth-Fleming.</au>
<hw>Sen"su*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. F.
<ets>sensualiste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is
sensual; one given to the indulgence of the appetites or senses
as the means of happiness.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who holds to the doctrine of
sensualism.</def>
<hw>Sen`su*al*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Sensual.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Adopting or teaching the doctrines of
sensualism.</def>
<hw>Sen`su*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. F.
<ets>sensualit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>sensualitas</ets> sensibility,
capacity for sensation.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being
sensual; devotedness to the gratification of the bodily
appetites; free indulgence in carnal or sensual pleasures;
luxuriousness; voluptuousness; lewdness.</def>
<q>Those pampered animals
That rage in savage <qex>sensuality</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>They avoid dress, lest they should have affections tainted by
any <qex>sensuality</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Sen`su*al*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of sensualizing, or the state of being sensualized.</def>
<hw>Sen"su*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sensualized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sensualizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To make sensual; to subject to
the love of sensual pleasure; to debase by carnal gratifications;
to carnalize; <as>as, <ex>sensualized</ex> by
pleasure</as>.</def>
<au>Pope.</au>
<q>By the neglect of prayer, the thoughts are
<qex>sensualized</qex>.</q>
<qau>T. H. Skinner.</qau>
<hw>Sen"su*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sensual
manner.</def>
<hw>Sen"su*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sensuality;
fleshliness.</def>
<hw>Sen"su*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sensualism.</def>
<hw>Sen`su*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being sensuous; sensuousness.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sen"su*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to the senses, or sensible objects;
addressing the senses; suggesting pictures or images of
sense.</def>
<q>To this poetry would be made precedent, as being less subtle
and fine, but more simple, <qex>sensuous</qex>, and
passionate.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Highly susceptible to influence through the
senses.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sen"su*ous*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Sen"su*ous*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. & n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scent</er>, <pos>v. & n.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sent</hw>, <def><pos>obs. 3d pers. sing. pres.</pos> of
<er>Send</er>, for <xex>sendeth</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sent</hw>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Send</er>.</def>
<hw>Sen"tence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from L.
<ets>sententia</ets>, for <ets>sentientia</ets>, from
<ets>sentire</ets> to discern by the senses and the mind, to
feel, to think. See <er>Sense</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Sentiensi</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sense; meaning;
significance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Tales of best <qex>sentence</qex> and most solace.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The discourse itself, voluble enough, and full of
<qex>sentence</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An opinion; a decision; a
determination; a judgment, especially one of an unfavorable
nature.</def>
<q>My <qex>sentence</qex> is for open war.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>That by them [Luther's works] we may pass <qex>sentence</qex>
upon his doctrines.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A philosophical or theological opinion; a
dogma; <as>as, Summary of the <ex>Sentences</ex>; Book of the
<ex>Sentences</ex></as></def>.
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>In civil and admiralty law, the
judgment of a court pronounced in a cause; in criminal and
ecclesiastical courts, a judgment passed on a criminal by a court
or judge; condemnation pronounced by a judgical tribunal; doom.
In common law, the term is exclusively used to denote the
judgment in criminal cases.</def>
<q>Received the <qex>sentence</qex> of the law.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A short saying, usually containing moral
instruction; a maxim; an axiom; a saw.</def>
<au>Broome.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A combination of words which
is complete as expressing a thought, and in writing is marked at
the close by a period, or full point. See <er>Proposition</er>,
4.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sentences</xex> are simple or compound. A
simple sentence consists of one subject and one finite verb; as,
\'bdThe Lord reigns.\'b8 A compound sentence contains two or more
subjects and finite verbs, as in this verse: -</note>
<q>He fills, he bounds, connects, and equals all.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<cs><col>Dark sentence</col>, <cd>a saving not easily
explained.</cd></cs>
<q>A king . . . understanding <qex>dark sentences</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dan. vii. 23.</qau>
<hw>Sen"tence</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sentenced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sentencing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To pass or pronounce judgment upon; to doom; to
condemn to punishment; to prescribe the punishment of.</def>
<q>Nature herself is <qex>sentenced</qex> in your doom.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To decree or announce as a sentence.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To utter sentenciously.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Feltham.</au>
<hw>Sen"ten*cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
pronounced a sentence or condemnation.</def>
<hw>sen*ten"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Comprising sentences; <as>as, a <ex>sentential</ex>
translation</as>.</def>
<au>Abp. Newcome.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a sentence, or full period;
<as>as, a <ex>sentential</ex> pause</as>.</def>
<hw>Sen*ten"tial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sentential
manner.</def>
<hw>Sen*ten"ti*a*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sententiary.</def>
<au>Barnas Sears (Life of Luther).</au>
<hw>Sen*ten"ti*ary</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>sententiarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who read lectures, or
commented, on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, Bishop of Paris
(1159-1160), a school divine.</def>
<au>R. Henry.</au>
<hw>Sen*ten`ti*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being sententious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sen*ten"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>sentenciosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sentencieux</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Abounding with sentences, axioms, and maxims;
full of meaning; terse and energetic in expression; pithy;
<as>as, a <ex>sententious</ex> style or discourse;
<ex>sententious</ex> truth</as>.</def>
<q>How he apes his sire,
Ambitiously <qex>sententious</qex>!</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Comprising or representing sentences;
sentential.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Sententious</xex>
marks.\'b8
<au>Grew.</au>
--- <wordforms><wf>Sen*ten"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sen*ten"tious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sen"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sentry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sen"teur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>Scent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sen"ti*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sen"ti*en*cy</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sentient</er>,
<er>Sentence</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being
sentient; esp., the quality or state of having sensation.</def>
<au>G. H. Lewes </au>
<q>An example of harmonious action between the intelligence and
the <qex>sentieny</qex> of the mind.</q>
<qau>Earle.</qau>
<hw>Sen"ti*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sentiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>sentire</ets> to discern or perceive by the senses. See
<er>Sense</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a faculty, or faculties, of
sensation and perception. Specif. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>,
especially sensitive; <as>as, the <ex>sentient</ex> extremities
of nerves, which terminate in the various organs or
tissues</as>.</def>
<hw>Sen"ti*ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who has the faculty
of perception; a sentient being.</def>
<hw>Sen"ti*ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sentient or
perceptive way.</def>
<hw>Sen"ti*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sentement</ets>, OF. <ets>sentement</ets>, F.
<ets>sentiment</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sentire</ets> to perceive by
the senses and mind, to feel, to think. See <er>Sentient</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thought prompted by
passion or feeling; a state of mind in view of some subject;
feeling toward or respecting some person or thing; disposition
prompting to action or expression.</def>
<q>The word <qex>sentiment</qex>, agreeably to the use made of it
by our best English writers, expresses, in my own opinion very
happily, those complex determinations of the mind which result
from the co\'94peration of our rational powers and of our moral
feelings.</q>
<qau>Stewart.</qau>
<q>Alike to council or the assembly came,
With equal souls and <qex>sentiments</qex> the same.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, generally, a decision of the mind formed
by deliberation or reasoning; thought; opinion; notion; judgment;
<as>as, to express one's <ex>sentiments</ex> on a
subject</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Sentiments</qex> of philosophers about the perception of
external objects.</q>
<qau>Reid.</qau>
<q>Sentiment, as here and elsewhere employed by Reid in the
meaning of opinion (sententia), is not to be imitated.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sentence, or passage, considered as the
expression of a thought; a maxim; a saying; a toast.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Sensibility; feeling; tender
susceptibility.</def>
<q>Mr. Hume sometimes employs (after the manner of the French
metaphysicians) <qex>sentiment</qex> as synonymous with feeling;
a use of the word quite unprecedented in our tongue.</q>
<qau>Stewart.</qau>
<q>Less of <qex>sentiment</qex> than sense.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Thought; opinion; notion; sensibility;
feeling.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Sentiment</er>, <er>Opinion</er>,
<er>Feeling</er>. An <xex>opinion</xex> is an intellectual
judgment in respect to any and every kind of truth.
<xex>Feeling</xex> describes those affections of pleasure and
pain which spring from the exercise of our sentient and emotional
powers. <xex>Sentiment</xex> (particularly in the plural) lies
between them, denoting <xex>settled opinions</xex> or principles
in regard to subjects which interest the feelings strongly, and
are presented more or less constantly in practical life. Hence,
it is more appropriate to speak of our religious
<xex>sentiments</xex> than <xex>opinions</xex>, unless we mean to
exclude all reference to our feelings. The word
<xex>sentiment</xex>, in the singular, leans ordinarily more to
the side of feeling, and denotes a refined sensibility on
subjects affecting the heart. \'bdOn questions of feeling, taste,
observation, or report, we define our <xex>sentiments</xex>. On
questions of science, argument, or metaphysical abstraction, we
define our <xex>opinions</xex>. The <xex>sentiments</xex> of the
heart. The <xex>opinions</xex> of the mind . . . There is more of
instinct in <xex>sentiment</xex>, and more of definition in
<xex>opinion</xex>. The admiration of a work of art which results
from first impressions is classed with our <xex>sentiments</xex>;
and, when we have accounted to ourselves for the approbation, it
is classed with our <xex>opinions</xex>.\'b8 <au>W.
Taylor</au>.</usage>
<hw>Sen`ti*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sentimental</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having,
expressing, or containing a sentiment or sentiments; abounding
with moral reflections; containing a moral reflection;
didactic.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>
<q>Nay, ev'n each moral <qex>sentimental</qex> stroke,
Where not the character, but poet, spoke,
He lopped, as foreign to his chaste design,
Nor spared a useless, though a golden line.</q>
<qau>Whitehead.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inclined to sentiment; having an excess of
sentiment or sensibility; indulging the sensibilities for their
own sake; artificially or affectedly tender; -- often in a
reproachful sense.</def>
<q>A <qex>sentimental</qex> mind is rather prone to overwrought
feeling and exaggerated tenderness.</q>
<qau>Whately.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Addressed or pleasing to the emotions only,
usually to the weaker and the unregulated emotions.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Romantic.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Sentimental</er>,
<er>Romantic</er>. <xex>Sentimental</xex> usually describes an
error or excess of the sensibilities; <xex>romantic</xex>, a vice
of the imagination. The votary of the former gives indulgence to
his sensibilities for the mere luxury of their excitement; the
votary of the latter allows his imagination to rove for the
pleasure of creating scenes of ideal enjoiment. \'bdPerhaps there
is no less danger in works called <xex>sentimental</xex>. They
attack the heart more successfully, because more cautiously.\'b8
<au>V. Knox</au>. \'bdI can not but look on an indifferency of
mind, as to the good or evil things of this life, as a mere
<xex>romantic</xex> fancy of such who would be thought to be much
wiser than they ever were, or could be.\'b8 <au>Bp.
Stillingfleet</au>.</usage>
<hw>Sen`ti*men"tal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>sentimentalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being
sentimental; the character or behavior of a sentimentalist;
sentimentality.</def>
<hw>Sen`ti*men"tal*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sentimentaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who has, or affects,
sentiment or fine feeling.</def>
<hw>Sen`ti*men*tal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[CF. F. <ets>sentimentalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
quality or state of being sentimental.</def>
<hw>Sen`ti*men"tal*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To regard in a sentimental manner; <as>as, to
<ex>sentimentalize</ex> a subject</as>.</def>
<hw>Sen`ti*men"tal*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To think or
act in a sentimental manner, or like a sentimentalist; to affect
exquisite sensibility.</def>
<au>C. Kingsley.</au>
<hw>Sen`ti*men"tal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sentimental
manner.</def>
<hw>Sen"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sentina</ets> bilge water, hold of a ship, dregs: cf. F.
<ets>sentine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A place for dregs and dirt; a
sink; a sewer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Latimer.</au>
<hw>Sen"ti*nel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sentinelle</ets>
(cf. It. <ets>sentinella</ets>); probably originally, a litle
path, the sentinel's beat,, and a dim. of a word meaning, path;
cf. F. <ets>sente</ets> path. L. <ets>semita</ets>; and OF.
<ets>sentine</ets>, <ets>sentele</ets>, <ets>senteret</ets>,
diminutive words. Cf. <er>Sentry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who watches or guards; specifically <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, a
soldier set to guard an army, camp, or other place, from
surprise, to observe the approach of danger, and give notice of
it; a sentry.</def>
<q>The <qex>sentinels</qex> who paced the ramparts.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Watch; guard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThat
princes do keep due <xex>sentinel</xex>.\'b8
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine crab
(<spn>Podophthalmus vigil</spn>) native of the Indian Ocean,
remarkable for the great length of its eyestalks; -- called also
<altname>sentinel crab</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sen"ti*nel</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sentineled</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or
<er>Sentinelled</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sentineling</er> or <er>Sentinelling</er>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To watch over like a sentinel.</def> \'bdTo
<xex>sentinel</xex> enchanted land.\'b8 <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with a sentinel; to place under the
guard of a sentinel or sentinels.</def>
<hw>Sen`ti*sec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sentire</ets> to feel + E. <ets>section</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Painful vivisection; -- opposed to
<xex>callisection</xex>.</def>
<au>B. G. Wilder.</au>
<hw>Sen"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sentires</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Probably from OF.
<ets>senteret</ets> a little patch; cf. F. <ets>sentier</ets>
path, and OF. <ets>sente</ets>. See <er>Sentinel</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A soldier placed on guard; a
sentinel.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Guard; watch, as by a sentinel.</def>
<q>Here toils, and death, and death's half-brother, sleep,
Forms terrible to view, their <qex>sentry</qex> keep.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<cs><col>Sentry box</col>, <cd>a small house or box to cover a
sentinel at his post, and shelter him from the weather.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Sen"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Without; <as>as,
<ex>senza</ex> stromenti, without instruments</as>.</def>
<hw>Se"pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>sepalum</ets>, formed in imitation of NL.
<ets>petalum</ets>, petal, to denote one of the divisions of the
calyx: cf. F. <ets>s\'82pale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A leaf or division of the calyx.</def>
<note><hand/ When the calyx consists of but one part, it is said
to be <xex>monosepalous</xex>; when of two parts, it is said to
be <xex>disepalous</xex>; when of a variable and indefinite
number of parts, it is said to be <xex>polysepalous</xex>; when
of several parts united, it is properly called
<xex>gamosepalous</xex>.</note>
<-- p. 1312 -->
<hw>Se"paled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having one or more sepals.</def>
<hw>Sep"al*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Relating to, or having the nature of, sepals.</def>
<hw>Se*pal"o*dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sepal</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ form.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The metamorphosis of other floral organs
into sepals or sepaloid bodies.</def>
<hw>Sep"al*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sepal</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Like a sepal, or a division of a
calyx.</def>
<hw>Sep"al*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having, or relating to, sepals; -- used mostly in
composition. See under <er>Sepal</er>.</def>
<hw>Sep`a*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Quality of being separable or divisible; divisibility;
separableness.</def>
<hw>Sep"a*ra*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>separabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82parable</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Capable of being separated, disjoined, disunited, or
divided; <as>as, the <ex>separable</ex> parts of plants;
qualities not <ex>separable</ex> from the substance in which they
exist.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sep"a*ra*ble*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos> -- <wf>Sep"a*ra*bly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<q>Trials permit me not to doubt of the <qex>separableness</qex>
of a yellow tincture from gold.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<hw>Sep"a*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Separated</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Separating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>separatus</ets>,
p. p. of <ets>separare</ets> to separate; pfref. <ets>se-</ets>
aside + <ets>parare</ets> to make ready, prepare. See
<er>Parade</er>, and cf. <er>Sever</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To disunite; to divide; to disconnect; to sever; to part in
any manner.</def>
<q>From the fine gold I <qex>separate</qex> the alloy.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q><qex>Separate</qex> thyself, I pray thee, from me.</q>
<qau>Gen. xiii. 9.</qau>
<q>Who shall <qex>separate</qex> us from the love of Christ?</q>
<qau>Rom. viii. 35.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come between; to keep apart by occupying the
space between; to lie between; <as>as, the Mediterranean Sea
<ex>separates</ex> Europe and Africa</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To set apart; to select from among others, as
for a special use or service.</def>
<q><qex>Separate</qex> me Barnabas and Saul for the work
whereunto I have called thaem.</q>
<qau>Acts xiii. 2.</qau>
<cs><col>Separated flowers</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>flowers
which have stamens and pistils in separate flowers; diclinous
flowers.</cd></cs>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Sep"a*rate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To part; to become
disunited; to be disconnected; to withdraw from one another;
<as>as, the family <ex>separated</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sep"a*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>separatus</ets>, p. p. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Divided from
another or others; disjoined; disconnected; separated; -- said of
things once connected.</def>
<q>Him that was <qex>separate</qex> from his brethren.</q>
<qau>Gen. xlix. 26.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unconnected; not united or associated; distinct;
-- said of things that have not been connected.</def>
<q>For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless,
undefiled, <qex>separate</qex> from sinnere.</q>
<qau>Heb. vii. 26.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Disunited from the body; disembodied; <as>as, a
<ex>separate</ex> spirit; the <ex>separate</ex> state of
souls</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Separate estate</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an estate
limited to a married woman independent of her husband.</cd> --
<col>Separate maintenance</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an
allowance made to a wife by her husband under deed of
separation.</cd></cs>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sep"a*rate*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sep"a*rate*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sep`a*rat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to separatism in religion; schismatical.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dr. T. Dwight.</au>
<hw>Sep"a*ra`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Designed
or employed to separate.</def>
<cs><col>Separating funnel</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a
funnel, often globe-shaped, provided with a stopcock for the
separate drawing off of immiscible liquids of different specific
gravities.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sep`a*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>separatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82paration</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The act of separating, or the state of being separated, or
separate.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Chemical
analysis</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Divorce</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld> <def>The operation of removing water
from steam.</def>
<cs><col>Judicial separation</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a form
of divorce; a separation of man and wife which has the effect of
making each a single person for all legal purposes but without
ability to contract a new marriage.</cd> <au>Mozley &
W.</au></cs>
<hw>Sep"a*ra*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. F.
<ets>s\'82paratisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The character or act of a
separatist; disposition to withdraw from a church; the practice
of so withdrawing.</def>
<hw>Sep`a*ra*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82paratiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who withdraws or
separates himself; especially, one who withdraws from a church to
which he has belonged; a seceder from an established church; a
dissenter; a nonconformist; a schismatic; a sectary.</def>
<q>Heavy fines on divines who should preach in any meeting of
<qex>separatist</qex> .</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Sep`a*ra*tis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to separatists; characterizing separatists;
schismatical.</def>
<hw>Sep"a*ra*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>separativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing, or being to cause,
separation.</def> \'bd<xex>Separative</xex> virtue of extreme
cold.\'b8
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Sep"a*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>One who, or that which, separates.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld> <def>A device for
depriving steam of particles of water mixed with it</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An apparatus for sorting
pulverized ores into grades, or separating them from
gangue</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>An
instrument used for spreading apart the threads of the warp in
the loom, etc.</def>
<hw>Sep"a*ra*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Separative.</def>
<au>Cheyne.</au>
<hw>Sep"a*ra*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82paratoire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>An apparatus used in separating, as a separating
funnel.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A surgical instrument for
separating the pericranium from the cranium.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sep`a*ra"trix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>-trices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>-trixes</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., she that separates.]</ety>
<fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>The decimal point; the dot placed at the
left of a decimal fraction, to separate it from the whole number
which it follows. The term is sometimes also applied to other
marks of separation.</def>
<hw>Se*pawn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Supawn</er>. </def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sep"e*li*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sepelibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>sepelire</ets> to bury.]</ety>
<def>Admitting of burial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Sep`e*li"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Burial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Se"phen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large sting ray of the genus
<spn>Trygon</spn>, especially <spn>T. sephen</spn> of the Indian
Ocean and the Red Sea. The skin is an article of commerce.</def>
<hw>Se"pi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Sepias</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Sepi\'91</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the cuttlefish,
or squid.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The common European cuttlefish.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
genus comprising the common cuttlefish and numerous similar
species. See <xex>Illustr</xex>. under <er>Cuttlefish</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pigment prepared from the ink, or black
secretion, of the sepia, or cuttlefish. Treated with caustic
potash, it has a rich brown color; and this mixed with a red
forms <xex>Roman sepia</xex>. Cf. <xex>India ink</xex>, under
<er>India</er>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Sepia drawing</col> <or/
<col>picture</col></mcol>, <cd>a drawing in monochrome, made in
sepia alone, or in sepia with other brown pigments.</cd></cs>
<hw>Se"pi*a</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a dark brown color, with
a little red in its composition; also, made of, or done in,
sepia.</def>
<hw>Se"pic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining
to sepia; done in sepia; <as>as, a <ex>sepic</ex>
drawing</as>.</def>
<hw>Sep`i*da"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the cuttlefishes
of the genus Sepia.</def>
<hw>Sep"i*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sepimentum</ets>, <ets>saepimentum</ets>, from
<ets>sepire</ets>, <ets>saepire</ets>, to hedge in.]</ety>
<def>Something that separates; a hedge; a fence.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Se"pi*o*lite`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Septa</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Meerschaum. See <er>Meerschaum</er>.</def>
<hw>Se"pi*o*stare`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sepia</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a bone.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bone or shell of cuttlefish. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Cuttlefish</er>.</def>
<hw>Se*pon"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Supawn</er></def>. <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Se*pose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. pref
<ets>se-</ets> aside + E. <ets>pose</ets>.]</ety> <def>To set
apart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Donne.</au>
<hw>Se*pos"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sepositus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>seponere</ets> to set
aside.]</ety> <def>To set aside; to give up.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sep`o*si"tion</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sepositio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of setting aside, or of
giving up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Se"poy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.
<ets>sip\'beh\'c6</ets>, fr. <ets>sip\'beh</ets> an army. Cf.
<er>Spahi</er>.]</ety> <def>A native of India employed as a
soldier in the service of a European power, esp. of Great
Britain; an Oriental soldier disciplined in the European
manner.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sep*pu"ku</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Hara-kiri</er>.</def>
<q><qex>Seppuku</qex>, or hara-kiri, also came into vogue.</q>
<qau>W. E. Griffis.</qau>
<hw>Sep"sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/
putrefaction.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A soluble
poison (ptomaine) present in putrid blood. It is also formed in
the putrefaction of proteid matter in general.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sep"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/<?/<?/ putrefaction.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The
poisoning of the system by the introduction of putrescent
material into the blood.</def>
<hw>Sept</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A corruption of
<ets>sect</ets>, n.]</ety> <def>A clan, tribe, or family,
proceeding from a common progenitor; -- used especially of the
ancient clans in Ireland.</def>
<q>The chief, struck by the illustration, asked at once to be
baptized, and all his <qex>sept</qex> followed his example.</q>
<qau>S. Lover.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Sep*t\'91"mi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ putrid + <?/<?/<?/ blood.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Septic\'91mia.</def>
<hw>Sep"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a septum or septa, as of a coral or a shell.</def>
<hw>Sep"tane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>septem</ets> seven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Heptane</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sep"tan`gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Septi-</ets> + <ets>angle</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A figure which has seven angles; a
heptagon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sep*tan"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Heptagonal.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sep*ta"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;<plu>pl.
<plw>Septaria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L.
<ets>septum</ets>, <ets>saeptum</ets>, an inclosure, a partition,
fr. <ets>sepire</ets>, <ets>saepire</ets>, to inclose.]</ety>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A flattened concretionary nodule, usually
of limestone, intersected within by cracks which are often filled
with calcite, barite, or other minerals.</def>
<hw>Sep"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>septum</ets>, <ets>saeptum</ets>, partition.]</ety>
<def>Divided by partition or partitions; having septa; <as>as, a
<ex>septate</ex> pod or shell</as>.</def>
<hw>Sep*tem"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
<ets>septem</ets> seven, as being the seventh month of the Roman
year, which began with March: cf. F. <ets>septembre</ets>. See
<er>Seven</er>.]</ety> <def>The ninth month of the year,
containing thurty days.</def>
<hw>Sep*tem"ber*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
Setembrist.</def>
<au>Carlyle.</au>
<hw>Sep*tem"brist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>septembriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>An agent in the massacres in
Paris, committed in patriotic frenzy, on the 22d of September,
1792.</def>
<hw>Sep*tem"flu*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>septemfluus</ets>; <ets>septem</ets> seven +
<ets>fluere</ets> to flow.]</ety> <def>Flowing sevenfold; divided
into seven streams or currents.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Sep*tem"par*tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>septem</ets> seven + E. <ets>partite</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Divided nearly to the base into seven parts; <as>as, a
<ex>septempartite</ex> leaf</as>.</def>
<hw>Sep*tem"tri*oun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Septentrion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sep*tem"vir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Septemvirs</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Septemviri</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>septemviri</ets>, pl.;
<ets>septem</ets> seven + <ets>viri</ets>, pl. of <ets>vir</ets>
man.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a board of seven
men associated in some office.</def>
<hw>Sep*tem"vi*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>septemviratus</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office of septemvir; a
government by septimvirs.</def>
<hw>Sep"ten*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>septenairus</ets>, from <ets>septeni</ets> seven each,
<ets>septem</ets> seven: cf. F. <ets>sept\'82naire</ets>. See
<er>Seven</er>. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of, or
relating to, seven; <as>as, a <ex>septenary</ex>
number</as>.</def>
<au>I. Watts.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lasting seven years; continuing seven
years.</def> \'bd<xex>Septenary</xex> penance.\'b8
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Sep"ten*a*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The number seven.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Sep"ten*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>septeni</ets> seven each.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having parts in sevens; heptamerous.</def>
<hw>Sep*ten"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>septennat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A period of seven years;
<as>as, the <ex>septennate</ex> during which the President of the
French Republic holds office</as>.</def>
<hw>Sep*ten"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>septennium</ets> a period of seven years; <ets>septem</ets>
seven + <ets>annus</ets> year. See <er>Seven</er>, and
<er>Annual</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Lasting or continuing
seven years; <as>as, <ex>septennial</ex> parliaments</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Happening or returning once in every seven
years; <as>as, <ex>septennial</ex> elections in
England</as>.</def>
<hw>Sep*ten"ni*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Once in seven
years.</def>
<hw>Sep*ten"tri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Septentrional.</def>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sep*ten"tri*o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
See <er>Septentrion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The
constellation Ursa Major.</def>
<hw>Sep*ten"tri*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>septentrio</ets> the northern regions, the north, fr.
<ets>septentriones</ets> the seven stars near the north pole,
called Charles's Wain, or the Great Bear, also those called the
Little Bear; properly, the seven plow oxen; <ets>septem</ets>
seven + <ets>trio</ets>, orig., a plow ox: cf. F.
<ets>septentrion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The north or northern
regions.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Both East West, South and <qex>Septentrioun</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sep*ten"tri*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sep*ten"tri*on*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>septentrionalis</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>septentrional</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the
north; northern.</def> \'bdFrom cold <xex>septentrion</xex>
blasts.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sep*ten`tri*on*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Northerliness.</def>
<hw>Sep*ten"tri*on*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Northerly.</def>
<hw>Sep*ten"tri*on*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<def>To tend or point toward the north; to north.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sep*tet"</hw>, <hw>Sep*tette"</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L. <ets>septem</ets>
seven, like <ets>duet</ets>, from L. <ets>duo</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A set of seven persons or objects; <as>as, a
<ex>septet</ex> of singers</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A musical composition for
seven instruments or seven voices; -- called also
<altname>septuor</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sept"foil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sept</ets> seven (L. <ets>septem</ets>) + E. <ets>foil</ets>
leaf: cf. L. <ets>septifolium</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A European herb, the tormentil. See
<er>Tormentil</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornamental foliation
having seven lobes. Cf. <er>Cinquefoil</er>,
<er>Quarterfoil</er>, and <er>Trefoil</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.Art.)</fld> <def>A typical figure,
consisting of seven equal segments of a circle, used to denote
the gifts of the Holy Chost, the seven sacraments as recognized
by the Roman Catholic Church, etc.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sep"ti-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[L. <ets>septem</ets>
seven.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning <xex>seven</xex>;
<as>as, <ex>septi</ex>folious, seven-leaved;
<ex>septi</ex>-lateral, seven-sided</as>.</def>
<hw>Sep"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Septi-</ets> + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of the seventh degree or order.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A quantic of the
seventh degree.</def></def2>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sep"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sep"tic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>septicus</ets>,
Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to make putrid: cf. F.
<ets>septique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to promote
putrefaction.</def>
<hw>Sep"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A substance that promotes
putrefaction.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sep`ti*c\'91"mi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/ putrefactive + <?/<?/<?/
blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A poisoned condition of the
blood produced by the absorption into it of septic or putrescent
material; blood poisoning. It is marked by chills, fever,
prostration, and inflammation of the different serous membranes
and of the lungs, kidneys, and other organs.</def>
<-- Now septicemia. A condition caused by bacterial infection,
the effects being mediated by the release of toxins by bacteria,
within the circulation. (local infection is sepsis) Also
septemia, septic fever, hematosepsis, sapremia -->
<hw>Sep"tic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
septic manner; in a manner tending to promote putrefaction.</def>
<hw>Sep"ti*ci`dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Septum</ets> + L. <ets>caedere</ets> to cut: cf. F.
<ets>septicide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dividing the
partitions; -- said of a method of dehiscence in which a pod
splits through the partitions and is divided into its component
carpels.</def>
<hw>Sep*tic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Septic</er>.]</ety> <def>Tendency to putrefaction; septic
quality.</def>
<hw>Sep`ti*fa"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>septifariam</ets> sevenfold. Cf. <er>Bifarious</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Turned in seven different ways.</def>
<hw>Sep*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Septum</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>septif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing a
partition; -- said of the valves of a capsule.</def>
<hw>Sep*tif"er*ous</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/
putrefied + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conveying putrid
poison; <as>as, the virulence of <ex>septiferous</ex>
matter</as>.</def>
<hw>Sep*tif"lu*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[CF.
<er>Septemfluous</er>.]</ety> <def>Flowing in seven streams;
septemfluous.</def>
<hw>Sep`ti*fo"li*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Septi-</ets> + L. <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having seven leaves.</def>
<hw>Sep"ti*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Septum</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having
the form of a septum.</def>
<hw>Sep*tif"ra*gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Septum</ets> + L. <ets>frangere</ets>,
<ets>fractum</ets>, to break.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Breaking from the partitions; -- said of a method of
dehiscence in which the valves of a pod break away from the
partitions, and these remain attached to the common axis.</def>
<hw>Sep`ti*lat"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Septi-</ets> + <ets>lateral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having
seven sides; <as>as, a <ex>septilateral</ex> figure</as>.</def>
<hw>Sep*til"lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>septilion</ets>, formed fr. L. <ets>septem</ets> seven, in
imitation of <ets>million</ets>.]</ety> <def>According to the
French method of numeration (which is followed also in the United
States), the number expressed by a unit with twenty-four ciphers
annexed. According to the English method, the number expressed by
a unit with forty-two ciphers annexed. See
<er>Numeration</er>.</def>
<hw>Sep"ti*mole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>septem</ets> seven.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A group of
seven notes to be played in the time of four or six.</def>
<hw>Sep*tin"su*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sept</ets>i- + <ets>insular</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Consisting of seven islands; <as>as, the
<ex>septinsular</ex> republic of the Ionian Isles</as>.</def>
<hw>Sep"ti*syl`la*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Septi-</ets> + <ets>syllable</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word
of seven syllables.</def>
<hw>Sep*to"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>septem</ets> seven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Heptoic</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sep`to*max"il*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the nasal septum and
the maxilla; situated in the region of these parts.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A small bone between the nasal septum
and the maxilla in many reptiles and amphibians.</def></def2>
<hw>Sep`tu*a*ge*na"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
person who is seventy years of age; a septuagenary.</def>
<hw>Sep`tu*ag"e*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>septuagenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>septuageny</ets> seventy
each; akin to <ets>septuaginta</ets> seventy, <ets>septem</ets>
seven. See <er>Seven</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of seventy;
also, seventy years old.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
septuagenarian.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Sep`tu*a*ges"i*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>septuagesimus</ets> the seventieth, fr.
<ets>septuaginta</ets> seventy.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>
<def>The third Sunday before Lent; -- so called because it is
about seventy days before Easter.</def>
<-- p. 1313 -->
<hw>Sep`tu*a*ges"i*mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Consisting of seventy days, years, etc.; reckoned by
seventies.</def>
<q>Our abridged and <qex>septuagesimal</qex> age.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<hw>Sep"tu*a*gint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.
<ets>septuaginta</ets> seventy.]</ety> <def>A Greek version of
the Old Testament; -- so called because it was believed to be the
work of seventy (or rather of seventy-two) translators.</def>
<note><hand/ The causes which produced it [the Septuagint], the
number and names of the translators, the times at which different
portions were translated, are all uncertain. The only point in
which all agree is that Alexandria was the birthplace of the
version. On one other point there is a near agreement, namely, as
to time, that the version was made, or at least commenced, in the
time of the early Ptolemies, in the first half of the third
century b.c.</note>
<au>Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)</au>
<cs><col>Septuagint chronology</col>, <cd>the chronology founded
upon the dates of the Septuagint, which makes 1500 years more
from the creation to Abraham than the Hebrew Bible.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sep"tu*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>septem</ets> seven.]</ety> <def>Something composed of seven;
a week.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Ash.</au>
<hw>Sep"tu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Dim. fr.
<ets>septum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having imperfect
or spurious septa.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sep"tu*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Septula</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L.
<ets>septum</ets> septum.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A little
septum; a division between small cavities or parts.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sep"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Septa</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>septum</ets>,
<ets>saeptum</ets>, an inclosure, hedge, fence, fr.
<ets>sepire</ets>, <ets>saepire</ets>, to hedge in,
inclose.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A wall separating two cavities;
a partition; <as>as, the nasal <ex>septum</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A partition that separates the
cells of a fruit.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the
radial calcareous plates of a coral.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One
of the transverse partitions dividing the shell of a mollusk, or
of a rhizopod, into several chambers. See <xex>Illust</xex>.
under <er>Nautilus</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the
transverse partitions dividing the body cavity of an
annelid.</def>
<hw>Sep"tu*or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A septet.</def>
<hw>Sep"tu*ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>septuplus</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/:cf. F.
<ets>septuple</ets>. Cf. <er>Double</er>,
<er>Quadruple</er>.]</ety> <def>Seven times as much; multiplied
by seven; sevenfold.</def>
<hw>Sep"tu*ple</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Septupled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Septupling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
multiply by seven; to make sevenfold.</def>
<au>Sir J. Herschel.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sep"ul*cher</hw>, <hw>Sep"ul*chre</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sepulcre</ets>, OF.
sepulcre, F. <ets>s\'82pulcre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sepulcrum</ets>,
<ets>sepulchrum</ets>, fr. <ets>sepelire</ets> to bury.]</ety>
<def>The place in which the dead body of a human being is
interred, or a place set apart for that purpose; a grave; a
tomb.</def>
<q>The stony entrance of this <qex>sepulcher</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it
was yet dark, unto the <qex>sepulcher</qex>.</q>
<qau>John xx. 1.</qau>
<cs><col>A whited sepulcher</col>. <cd>Fig.: Any person who is
fair outwardly but unclean or vile within. See <xex>Matt<xex>.
<xex>xxiii<xex>.<xex>27<xex>.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sep"ul*cher</hw>, <hw>Sep"ul*chre</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sepulchered</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Sepulchred</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sepulchering</er>
<pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Sepulchring</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<def>To bury; to inter; to entomb; <as>as, obscurely
<ex>sepulchered</ex></as>.</def>
<q>And so <qex>sepulchered</qex> in such pomp dost lie
That kings for such a tomb would wish to die.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Se*pul"chral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sepulcralis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82pulcral</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to burial, to the grave, or to
monuments erected to the memory of the dead; <as>as, a
<ex>sepulchral</ex> stone; a <ex>sepulchral</ex>
inscription.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unnaturally low and grave; hollow in tone; --
said of sound, especially of the voice.</def>
<q>This exaggerated dulling of the voice . . . giving what is
commonly called a <qex>sepulchral</qex> tone.</q>
<qau>H. Sweet.</qau>
<hw>Sep"ul*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>s\'82pulture</ets>, L. <ets>sepultura</ets>, fr.
<ets>sepelire</ets>, <ets>sepultum</ets>, to bury.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of depositing the dead body of a human
being in the grave; burial; interment.</def>
<q>Where we may royal <qex>sepulture</qex> prepare.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sepulcher; a grave; a place of burial.</def>
<q>Drunkeness that the horrible <qex>sepulture</qex> of man's
reason.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Se*qua"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sequax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, fr. <ets>suquit</ets> to
follow. See <er>Sue</er> to follow. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Inclined to follow a leader; following; attendant.</def>
<q>Trees uprooted left their place,
<qex>Sequacious</qex> of the lyre.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, ductile; malleable; pliant;
manageable.</def>
<q>In the greater bodies the forge was easy, the matter being
ductile and <qex>sequacious</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ray.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having or observing logical sequence; logically
consistent and rigorous; consecutive in development or transition
of thought.</def>
<q>The scheme of pantheistic omniscience so prevalent among the
<qex>sequacious</qex> thinkers of the day.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<q>Milton was not an extensive or discursive thinker, as
Shakespeare was; for the motions of his mind were slow, solemn,
and <qex>sequacious</qex>, like those of the planets.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Se*qua"cious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being
sequacious.</def>
<hw>Se*quac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sequacitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Quality or state of being
sequacious; sequaciousness.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Se"quel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sequela</ets>, fr. <ets>sequit</ets> to follow: cf. F.
<ets>s\'82quelle</ets> a following. See <er>Sue</er> to
follow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which follows; a succeeding
part; continuation; <as>as, the <ex>sequel</ex> of a man's
advantures or history</as>.</def>
<q>O, let me say no more!
Gather the <qex>sequel</qex> by that went before.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consequence; event; effect; result; <as>as, let
the sun cease, fail, or swerve, and the <ex>sequel</ex> would be
ruin</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Conclusion; inference.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Whitgift.</au>
<hw>\'d8Se*que"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sequel\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a follower, a
result, from <ets>sequit</ets> to follow.]</ety> <def>One who, or
that which, follows.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An
adherent, or a band or sect of adherents</def>. \'bdColeridge and
his <xex>sequela</xex>.\'b8 <au>G. P. Marsh</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>That which follows as the logical result of reasoning;
inference; conclusion; suggestion.</def>
<q><qex>Sequel\'91</qex>, or thoughts suggested by the preceding
aphorisms.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid phenomenon left as
the result of a disease; a disease resulting from another</def>.
<hw>Se"quence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>s\'82quence</ets>, L. <ets>sequentia</ets>, fr.
<ets>sequens</ets>. See <er>Sequent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The state of being sequent; succession; order of following;
arrangement.</def>
<q>How art thou a king
But by fair <qex>sequence</qex> and succession?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q><qex>Sequence</qex> and series of the seasons of the year.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which follows or succeeds as an effect;
sequel; consequence; result.</def>
<q>The inevitable <qex>sequences</qex> of sin and punishment.</q>
<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>Simple succession, or the
coming after in time, without asserting or implying causative
energy; <as>as, the reactions of chemical agents may be conceived
as merely invariable <ex>sequences</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any succession of
chords (or harmonic phrase) rising or falling by the regular
diatonic degrees in the same scale; a succession of similar
harmonic steps.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A melodic phrase or
passage successively repeated one tone higher; a rosalia.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A hymn introduced in the
Mass on certain festival days, and recited or sung immediately
before the gospel, and after the gradual or introit, whence the
name.</def>
<au>Bp. Fitzpatrick.</au>
<q>Originally the <qex>sequence</qex> was called a Prose, because
its early form was rhythmical prose.</q>
<qau>Shipley.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<fld>(Whist)</fld> <def>Three or more cards of the same suit in
immediately consecutive order of value; as, ace, king, and queen;
or knave, ten, nine, and eight.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Poker)</fld> <def>All five cards, of a hand, in consecutive
order as to value, but not necessarily of the same suit; when of
one suit, it is called a <stype>sequence flush</stype>.</def>
<-- sequence is usu. called a run, and five are now called
straight and straight flush -->
<hw>Se"quent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sequens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sequi</ets>
to follow. See <er>Sue</er> to follow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Following; succeeding; in continuance.</def>
<q>What to this was <qex>sequent</qex>
Thou knowest already.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Following as an effect; consequent.</def>
<hw>Se"quent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
follower.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which follows as a result; a
sequence.</def>
<hw>Se*quen"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Succeeding
or following in order.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Se*quen"tial*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Se*ques"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sequestered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sequestering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>s\'82questrer</ets>, L. <ets>sequestrare</ets> to give up
for safe keeping, from <ets>sequester</ets> a depositary or
trustee in whose hands the thing contested was placed until the
dispute was settled. Cf. <er>Sequestrate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To separate from the owner for a time; to
take from parties in controversy and put into the possession of
an indifferent person; to seize or take possession of, as
property belonging to another, and hold it till the profits have
paid the demand for which it is taken, or till the owner has
performed the decree of court, or clears himself of contempt; in
international law, to confiscate.</def>
<q>Formerly the goods of a defendant in chancery were, in the
last resort, <qex>sequestered</qex> and detained to enforce the
decrees of the court. And now the profits of a benefice are
<qex>sequestered</qex> to pay the debts of ecclesiastics.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause (one) to submit to the process of
sequestration; to deprive (one) of one's estate, property,
etc.</def>
<q>It was his tailor and his cook, his fine fashions and his
French ragouts, which <qex>sequestered</qex> him.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To set apart; to put aside; to remove; to
separate from other things.</def>
<q>I had wholly <qex>sequestered</qex> my civil affairss.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to retire or withdraw into obscurity;
to seclude; to withdraw; -- often used reflexively.</def>
<q>When men most <qex>sequester</qex> themselves from action.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<q>A love and desire to <qex>sequester</qex> a man's self for a
higher conversation.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<-- 5. (Chem.) To bind, so as to make [a metal ion] unavailable
in its normal form; -- said of chelating agents, such as EDTA,
which, in a solution, bind tightly to multivalent metal cations,
thereby lowering their effective concentration in solution.
Compounds employed particularly for this purpose are called
sequestering agents, or chelating agents. In biochemistry,
sequestration is one means of reversibly inhibiting enzymes which
depend on divalent metal cations (such as Magnesium) for their
activity. Such agents are used, for example, to help preserve
blood for storage and subsequent use in transfusion. -->
<hw>Se*ques"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
withdraw; to retire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To <qex>sequester</qex> out of the world into Atlantic and
Utopian politics.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To renounce (as a widow may)
any concern with the estate of her husband.</def>
<hw>Se*ques"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Sequestration; separation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person with whom two or more
contending parties deposit the subject matter of the controversy;
one who mediates between two parties; a mediator; an umpire or
referee.</def>
<au>Bouvier.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Sequestrum</er>.</def>
<hw>Se*ques"tered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Retired;
secluded.</def> \'bd<xex>Sequestered</xex> scenes.\'b8
<au>Cowper.</au>
<q>Along the cool, <qex>sequestered</qex> vale of life.</q>
<qau>Gray.</qau>
<hw>Se*ques"tra*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being sequestered; subject or liable to sequestration.</def>
<hw>Se*ques"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a sequestrum.</def>
<au>Quian.</au>
<hw>Se*ques"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sequestrated</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sequestrating</er>.]</wordforms>
<def>To sequester.</def>
<hw>Seg`ues*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sequestratio</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>s\'82questration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd>
<fld>(Civil & Com. Law)</fld> <def>The act of separating, or
setting aside, a thing in controversy from the possession of both
the parties that contend for it, to be delivered to the one
adjudged entitled to it. It may be voluntary or
involuntary.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Chancery)</fld> <def>A
prerogative process empowering certain commissioners to take and
hold a defendant's property and receive the rents and profits
thereof, until he clears himself of a contempt or performs a
decree of the court.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld>
<def>A kind of execution for a rent, as in the case of a
beneficed clerk, of the profits of a benefice, till he shall have
satisfied some debt established by decree; the gathering up of
the fruits of a benefice during a vacancy, for the use of the
next incumbent; the disposing of the goods, by the ordinary, of
one who is dead, whose estate no man will meddle with.</def>
<au>Craig</au>. <au>Tomlins</au>. <au>Wharton</au>. <sd>(d)</sd>
<fld>(Intrnat. Law)</fld> <def>The seizure of the property of an
individual for the use of the state; particularly applied to the
seizure, by a belligerent power, of debts due from its subjects
to the enemy.</def>
<au>Burrill.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being separated or set aside;
separation; retirement; seclusion from society.</def>
<q>Since Henry Monmouth first began to reign, . . .
This loathsome <qex>sequestration</qex> have I had.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Disunion; disjunction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<-- 4. (Chem.) the act or process of sequestering (v. t. sense 5)
-->
<hw>Seq"ues*tra`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
one that hinders or impedes.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>One who sequesters property, or takes the possession of it
for a time, to satisfy a demand out of its rents or
profits.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One to whom the keeping of
sequestered property is committed.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se*ques"trum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sequestra</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See
<er>Sequester</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A portion of
dead bone which becomes separated from the sound portion, as in
necrosis.</def>
<hw>Se"quin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sequin</ets>, It. <ets>zecchino</ets>, from <ets>zecca</ets>
the mint, fr. Ar. <ets>sekkah</ets>, <ets>sikkah</ets>, a die, a
stamp. Cf. <er>Zechin</er>.]</ety> <def>An old gold coin of Italy
and Turkey. It was first struck at Venice about the end of the
13th century, and afterward in the other Italian cities, and by
the Levant trade was introduced into Turkey. It is worth about
9s. 3d. sterling, or about $2.25. The different kinds vary
somewhat in value.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chequin</asp>,
and <asp>zequin</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Se*quoi"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. So
called by Dr. Endlicher in honor of <ets>Sequoyah</ets>, who
invented the Cherokee alphabet.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
genus of coniferous trees, consisting of two species,
<spn>Sequoia Washingtoniana</spn>, syn. <spn>S. gigantea</spn>,
the \'bdbig tree\'b8 of California, and <spn>S.
sempervirens</spn>, the redwood, both of which attain an immense
height.</def>
<hw>Se*quoi"\'89ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon (<chform>C13H10</chform>)
obtained in white fluorescent crystals, in the distillation
products of the needles of the California \'bdbig tree\'b8
(<spn>Sequoia gigantea</spn>).</def>
<hw>Se*ragl"io</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>serraglio</ets>, originally, an inclosure of palisades,
afterwards also, a palace, seraglio (by confusion with Per.
<ets>ser\'be\'8b</ets>a a palace, an entirely different word),
fr. <ets>serrare</ets> to shut, fr. LL. <ets>serra</ets> a bar
for fastening doors, L. <ets>sera</ets>. See <er>Serry</er>,
<er>Series</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An inclosure; a place of
separation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell as in a suburb, by
themselves. I passed by the piazza Judea, where their
<qex>seraglio</qex> begins.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The palace of the Grand Seignior, or Turkish
sultan, at Constantinople, inhabited by the sultan himself, and
all the officers and dependents of his court. In it are also kept
the females of the harem.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A harem; a place for keeping wives or
concubines; sometimes, loosely, a place of licentious pleasure; a
house of debauchery.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se*ra"i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.
<ets>ser\'be\'8b</ets>, or <ets>sar\'be</ets>\'8b, a palace, a
king's court, a seraglio, an inn. Cf.
<er>Caravansary</er>.]</ety> <def>A palace; a seraglio; also, in
the East, a place for the accommodation of travelers; a
caravansary, or rest house.</def>
<hw>Ser`al*bu"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.
CHem.)</fld> <def>Serum albumin.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se*rang"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.
<ets>sarhang</ets> a commander.]</ety> <def>The boatswain of a
Lascar or East Ondian crew.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se*ra"pe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. Amer.
<ets>sarape</ets>.]</ety> <def>A blanket or shawl worn as an
outer garment by the Spanish Americans, as in Mexico.</def>
<hw>Ser"aph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Seraphs</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, Heb. <plw>Seraphim</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Heb. <ets>ser\'bephim</ets>, pl.]</ety>
<def>One of an order of celestial beings, each having three pairs
of wings. In ecclesiastical art and in poetry, a seraph is
represented as one of a class of angels.</def>
<au>Isa. vi. 2.</au>
<q>As full, as perfect, in vile man that mourns,
As the rapt <qex>seraph</qex> that adores and burns.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<cs><col>Seraph moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
numerous species of geometrid moths of the genus
<spn>Lobophora</spn>, having the hind wings deeply bilobed, so
that they seem to have six wings.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Se*raph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Se*raph"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82raphique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a
seraph; becoming, or suitable to, a seraph; angelic; sublime;
pure; refined.</def> \'bd<xex>Seraphic</xex> arms and
trophies.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>. \'bd<xex>Seraphical</xex>
fervor.\'b8 <au>Jer. Taylor</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Se*raph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Se*raph"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Se*raph"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
character, quality, or state of a seraph; seraphicalness.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Cudworth.</au>
<hw>Ser"a*phim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The Hebrew
plural of <er>Seraph</er>. Cf. <er>Cherubim</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ The double plural form <xex>seraphims</xex> is
sometimes used, as in the King James version of the Bible,
<au>Isa. vi. 2 and 6</au>.</note>
<-- p. 1314 -->
<hw>Ser`a*phi"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A seraphine.</def>
<hw>Ser"a*phine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Seraph</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind instrument
whose sounding parts are reeds, consisting of a thin tongue of
brass playing freely through a slot in a plate. It has a case,
like a piano, and is played by means of a similar keybord, the
bellows being worked by the foot. The <xex>melodeon</xex> is a
portable variety of this instrument.</def>
<hw>\'d8Se*ra"pis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>An
Egyptian deity, at first a symbol of the Nile, and so of
fertility; later, one of the divinities of the lower world. His
worship was introduced into Greece and Rome.</def>
<hw>Se*ras"kier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk., fr.
Per. <ets>ser</ets> head, chief + Ar. <ets>'asker</ets> an
army.]</ety> <def>A general or commander of land forces in the
Turkish empire; especially, the commander-in-chief of minister of
war.</def>
<hw>Se*ras"kier*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
office or authority of a seraskier.</def>
<hw>Ser*bo"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating
to the lake of Serbonis in Egypt, which by reason of the sand
blowing into it had a deceptive appearance of being solid land,
but was a bog.</def>
<q>A gulf profound as that <qex>Serbonian</qex> bog . . .
Where armies whole have sunk.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dry; withered.
Same as <er>Sear</er>.</def>
<q>But with its sound it shook the sails
That were so thin and <qex>sere</qex>.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Sere</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>serre</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Claw; talon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>\'d8Se*rein"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. Cf.
<er>Serenade</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld>
<def>A mist, or very fine rain, which sometimes falls from a
clear sky a few moments after sunset.</def>
<au>Tyndall.</au>
<hw>Ser`*enade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>s\'82r\'82nade</ets>, It. <ets>serenata</ets>, probably fr.
L. <ets>serenus</ets> serene (cf. <er>Serene</er>), misunderstood
as a derivative fr. L. <ets>serus</ets> late. Cf.
<er>Soir\'82e</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>Music sung or performed in the open air at nights; --
usually applied to musical entertainments given in the open air
at night, especially by gentlemen, in a spirit of gallantry,
under the windows of ladies.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of
music suitable to be performed at such times.</def>
<hw>Ser`e*nade"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Serenaded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Serenading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To entertain with a
serenade.</def>
<hw>Ser`e*nade"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To perform a
serenade.</def>
<hw>Ser`e*nad"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
serenades.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ser`e*na"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ser"e*nate</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>serenata</ets>. See <er>Serenade</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A piece of vocal music, especially one on
an amoreus subject; a serenade.</def>
<q>Or <qex>serenate</qex>, which the starved lover sings
To his pround fair.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<note><hand/ The name <xex>serenata</xex> was given by Italian
composers in the time of Handel, and by Handel himself, to a
cantata of a pastoreal of dramatic character, to a secular ode,
etc.; also by Mozart and others to an orchectral composition, in
several movements, midway between the suite of an earlier period
and the modern symphony.</note>
<au>Grove.</au>
<hw>Se*rene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>serenus</ets> to grow dry, Gr. <?/<?/<?/ hot,
scorching.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Bright; clear; unabscured;
<as>as, a <ex>serene</ex> sky</as>.</def>
<q>The moon <qex>serene</qex> in glory mounts the sky.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>Full many a gem of purest ray <qex>serene</qex>
The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear.</q>
<qau>Gray.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Calm; placid; undisturbed; unruffled; <as>as, a
<ex>serene</ex> aspect; a <ex>serene</ex> soul</as>.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<note><hand/ In several countries of Europe, <xex>Serene</xex> is
given as a tittle to princes and the members of their families;
as, His <xex>Serene</xex> Highness.</note>
<cs><col>Drop serene</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Amaurosis</er>.</cd></cs>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Se*rene"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Serenity;
clearness; calmness.</def> <mark>[Poetic.]</mark> \'bdThe
<xex>serene</xex> of heaven.\'b8
<au>Southey.</au>
<q>To their master is denied
To share their sweet <qex>serene</qex>.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[F. <ets>serein</ets> evening dew or damp. See
<er>Serein</er>.]</ety> <def>Evening air; night chill.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSome <xex>serene</xex> blast me.\'b8
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Se*rene"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>serenare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make serene.</def>
<q>Heaven and earth, as if contending, vie
To raise his being, and <qex>serene</qex> his soul.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<hw>Se*rene"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a serene
manner; clearly.</def>
<q>Now setting Ph<oe/bus shone <qex>serenely</qex> bright.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>With unruffled temper; coolly; calmly.</def>
<au>Prior.</au>
<hw>Se*rene"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Serenity.</def>
<au>Feltham.</au>
<hw>Se*ren"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Serenity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Se*ren"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>serenuas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82r\'82nit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being serene; clearness
and calmness; quietness; stillness; peace.</def>
<q>A general peace and <qex>serenity</qex> newly succeeded a
general trouble.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Calmness of mind; eveness of temper; undisturbed
state; coolness; composure.</def>
<q>I can not see how any men should ever transgress those moral
rules with confidence and <qex>serenity</qex>.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Serenity</xex> is given as a title to the
members of certain princely families in Europe; as, Your
<xex>Serenity</xex>.</note>
<hw>Serf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>serus</ets> servant, slave; akin to <ets>servare</ets> to
protect, preserve, observe, and perhaps originally, a client, a
man under one's protection. Cf. <er>Serve</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A servant or slave employed in husbandry,
and in some countries attached to the soil and transferred with
it, as formerly in Russia.</def>
<q>In England, at least from the reign of Henry II, one only, and
that the inferior species [of villeins], existed . . . But by the
customs of France and Germany, persons in this abject state seem
to have been called <qex>serfs</qex>, and distinguished from
<qex>villeins</qex>, who were only bound to fixed payments and
duties in respect of their lord, though, as it seems, without any
legal redress if injured by him.</q>
<qau>Hallam.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Serf</er>, <er>Slave</er>.</syn> <usage> A
<xex>slave</xex> is the absolute property of his master, and may
be sold in any way. A <xex>serf</xex>, according to the strict
sense of the term, is one bound to work on a certain estate, and
thus attached to the soil, and sold with it into the service of
whoever purchases the land.</usage>
<mhw>{ <hw>Serf"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Serf"dom</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or condition
of a serf.</def>
<mhw><hw>Serf"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Serf"ism</hw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Serfage.</def>
<hw>Serge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>serge</ets>, <ets>sarge</ets>, <ets>originally</ets>, <ets>a
silken stuff</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>L</ets>.
<ets>serica</ets>, f. or neut. pl. of <ets>sericus</ets> silken.
See <er>Sericeous</er>, <er>Silk</er>.]</ety> <def>A woolen
twilled stuff, much used as material for clothing for both
sexes.</def>
<cs><col>Silk serge</col>, <cd>a twilled silk fabric used mostly
by tailors for lining parts of gentlemen's coats.</cd></cs>
<hw>Serge</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>cierge</ets>.]</ety>
<def>A large wax candle used in the ceremonies of various
churches.</def>
<hw>Ser"gean*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sergeancies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf.
<er>Sergeanty</er>.]</ety> <def>The office of a sergeant;
sergeantship.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>serjeancy</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Ser"geant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sergent</ets>, fr. L. <ets>serviens</ets>,
<ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>servire</ets> to serve. See
<er>Serve</er>, and cf. <er>Servant</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>serjeant</asp>. Both spellings are authorized. In
England <asp>serjeant</asp> is usually preferred, except for
military officers. In the United States <asp>sergeant</asp> is
common for civil officers also.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Formerly, in England, an officer nearly answering to the
more modern bailiff of the hundred; also, an officer whose duty
was to attend on the king, and on the lord high steward in court,
to arrest traitors and other offenders. He is now called
<xex>sergeant-at-arms</xex>, and two of these officers, by
allowance of the sovereign, attend on the houses of Parliament
(one for each house) to execute their commands, and another
attends the Court Chancery.</def>
<q>The <qex>sergeant</qex> of the town of Rome them sought.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The magistrates sent the <qex>serjeant</qex>, saying, Let
those men go.</q>
<qau>Acts xvi. 35.</qau>
<q>This fell <qex>sergeant</qex>, Death,
Is strict in his arrest.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>(Mil.) In a company, battery, or troop, a
noncommissioned officer next in rank above a corporal, whose duty
is to instruct recruits in discipline, to form the ranks,
etc.</def>
<note><hand/ In the United States service, besides the
<xex>sergeants</xex> belonging to the companies there are, in
each regiment, a <xex>sergeant major</xex>, who is the chief
noncommissioned officer, and has important duties as the
assistant to the adjutant; a <xex>quartermaster sergeant</xex>,
who assists the quartermaster; a <xex>color sergeant</xex>, who
carries the colors; and a <xex>commissary sergeant</xex>, who
assists in the care and distribution of the stores. <xex>Ordnance
sergeants</xex> have charge of the ammunition at military
posts.</note>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A lawyer of the highest rank,
answering to the <xex>doctor</xex> of the civil law; -- called
also <altname>serjeant at law</altname>.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A title sometimes given to the servants of the
sovereign; <as>as, <ex>sergeant</ex> surgeon, that is, a servant,
or attendant, surgeon</as>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cobia.</def>
<cs><col>Drill sergeant</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Drill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sergeant-at-arms</col>, <cd>an
officer of a legislative body, or of a deliberative or judicial
assembly, who executes commands in preserving order and arresting
offenders. See <er>Sergeant</er>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Sergeant
major</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>See the Note
under def. 2, above.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<cd>The cow pilot.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ser"geant*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sergeancy</er>.</def>
<hw>Ser"geant*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. OF.
<ets>sergenteric</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Sergeanty</er>.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>serjeantry</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Ser"geant*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of
sergeant.</def>
<hw>Ser"geant*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>sergentie</ets>, LL. <ets>sergentia</ets>. See
<er>Sergeant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Tenure of
lands of the crown by an honorary kind of service not due to any
lord, but to the king only.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>serjeanty</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Grand sergeanty</col>, <cd>a particular kind of tenure
by which the tenant was bound to do some special honorary service
to the king in person, as to carry his banner, his sword, or the
like. <au>Tomlins</au>. <au>Cowell</au>.
<au>Blackstone</au>.</cd> -- <col>Petit sergeanty</col>. <cd>See
under <er>Petit</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Se"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of
or pertaining to a series; consisting of a series; appearing in
successive parts or numbers; <as>as, a <ex>serial</ex> work or
publication</as>.</def> \'bdClassification . . . may be more or
less <xex>serial</xex>.\'b8
<au>H. Spencer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to
rows.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<cs><col>Serial homology</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Homology</er>.</cd> -- <col>Serial symmetry</col>.
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Symmetry</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Se"ri*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A publication appearing in
a series or succession of part; a tale, or other writing,
published in successive numbers of a periodical.</def>
<hw>Se`ri*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of succession in a series; sequence.</def>
<au>H. Spenser.</au>
<hw>Se"ri*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a series, or
regular order; in a serial manner; <as>as, arranged
<ex>serially</ex>; published <ex>serially</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Se"ri*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Arranged in a
series or succession; pertaining to a series.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Se"ri*ate*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Se`ri*a"tim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>In regular order; one after the other;
severally.</def>
<hw>Se`ri*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Arrangement or position in a
series.</def>
<hw>Se*ri"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sericus</ets> silken, <ets>sericum</ets> Seric stuff, silk,
fr. <ets>Sericus</ets> belonging to the <ets>Seres</ets>, Gr.
<?/<?/<?/, a people of Eastern Asia, the modern Chinese,
celebrated for their silken fabrics. Cf. <er>Silk</er>,
<er>Serge</er> a woolen stuff.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or
pertaining to silk; consisting of silk; silky.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with very soft hairs
pressed close to the surface; <as>as, a <ex>sericeous</ex>
leaf</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a silklike luster,
usually due to fine, close hairs.</def>
<hw>Ser"i*cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sericus</ets> silken.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
gelatinous nitrogenous material extracted from crude silk and
other similar fiber by boiling water; -- called also
<altname>silk gelatin</altname>.</def>
<hw>Ser"i*cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sericus</ets> silken.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind
of muscovite occuring in silky scales having a fibrous structure.
It is characteristic of sericite schist.</def>
<hw>\'d8Ser`ic*te"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Sericeous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
silk gland, as in the silkworms.</def>
<hw>Ser"i*cul`ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sericeous</er>, and <er>Culture</er>.]</ety> <def>The raising
of silkworms.</def>
<hw>Se"rie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82rie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Series.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Ser`i*e"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native
name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South American
bird (<spn>Dicholophus, <or/ Cariama cristata</spn>) related to
the cranes. It is often domesticated. Called also
<altname>cariama</altname>.</def>
<hw>Se"ries</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>series</ets>, fr. <ets>serere</ets>, <ets>sertum</ets>, to
join or bind together; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to fasten, Skr.
<ets>sarit</ets> thread. Cf. <er>Assert</er>, <er>Desert</er> a
solitude, <er>Exert</er>, <er>Insert</er>,
<er>Seraglio</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A number of things or
events standing or succeeding in order, and connected by a like
relation; sequence; order; course; a succession of things;
<as>as, a continuous <ex>series</ex> of calamitous
events</as>.</def>
<q>During some years his life a <qex>series</qex> of
triumphs.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Any comprehensive group of
animals or plants including several subordinate related
groups.</def>
<note><hand/ Sometimes a series includes several classes;
sometimes only orders or families; in other cases only
species.</note>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An indefinite number of terms
succeeding one another, each of which is derived from one or more
of the preceding by a fixed law, called the <xex>law</xex> of the
series; <as>as, an arithmetical <ex>series</ex>; a geometrical
<ex>series</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Ser"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>serin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European
finch (<spn>Serinus hortulanus</spn>) closely related to the
canary.</def>
<hw>Ser"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sericus</ets> silken.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white
crystalline nitrogenous substance obtained by the action of
dilute sulphuric acid on silk gelatin<-- an amino acid -->.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Se`ri*o-com"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Se`ri*o-com"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having a mixture of seriousness and sport; serious and
comical.</def>
<hw>Se"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>serius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82rieux</ets>, LL.
<ets>seriosus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Grave in manner or
disposition; earnest; thoughtful; solemn; not light, gay, or
volatile.</def>
<q>He is always <qex>serious</qex>, yet there is about his manner
a graceful ease.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Really intending what is said; being in earnest;
not jesting or deceiving.</def>
<au>Beaconsfield.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Important; weighty; not trifling; grave.</def>
<q>The holy Scriptures bring to our ears the most
<qex>serious</qex> things in the world.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence, giving rise to apprehension; attended
with danger; <as>as, a <ex>serious</ex> injury</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Grave; solemn; earnest; sedate; important; weighty.
See <er>Grave</er>.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Se"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Se"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Ser"iph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Type
Founding)</fld> <def>See <er>Ceriph</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ser"jeant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ser"jeant*cy</hw>,
etc. }</mhw><def>See <er>Sergeant</er>, <er>Sergeantcy</er>,
etc.</def>
<cs><col>Serjeant-at-arms</col>. <cd>See
<cref>Sergeant-at-arms</cref>, under <er>Sergeant</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ser*moc`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sermocinatio</ets>. See <er>Sermon</er>.]</ety> <def>The
making of speeches or sermons; sermonizing.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Peacham.</au>
<hw>Ser*moc"i*na`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who makes sermons or speeches.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Ser"mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sermoun</ets>, <ets>sermun</ets>, F. <ets>sermon</ets>,
<ets>fr</ets>. <ets>L</ets>. <ets>sermo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>,
a speaking, discourse, probably fr. <ets>serer</ets>,
<ets>sertum</ets>, to join, connect; hence, a connected speech.
See <er>Series</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A discourse or
address; a talk; a writing; <as>as, the <ex>sermens</ex> of
Chaucer</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, a discourse delivered in public,
usually by a clergyman, for the purpose of religious instruction
and grounded on some text or passage of Scripture.</def>
<q>This our life exempt from public haunts
Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,
<qex>Sermons</qex> in stones and good in everything.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>His preaching much, but more his practice, wrought,
A living <qex>sermon</qex> of the truths he taught.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, a serious address; a lecture on one's
conduct or duty; an exhortation or reproof; a homily; -- often in
a depreciatory sense.</def>
<hw>Ser"mon</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>sermoner</ets>, F. <ets>sermonner</ets> to lecture
one.]</ety> <def>To speak; to discourse; to compose or deliver a
sermon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<q>What needeth it to <qex>sermon</qex> of it more?</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Ser"mon</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To discourse
to or of, as in a sermon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tutor; to lecture.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Ser`mon*eer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sermonizer.</def>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Ser"mon*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A preacher;
a sermonizer.</def> <mark>[Derogative or Jocose.]</mark>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Ser`mon*et"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A short
sermon.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sermonette</asp>.]</altsp>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ser*mon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ser*mon"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like, or appropriate to,
a sermon; grave and didactic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bdConversation . . . satirical or <xex>sermonic</xex>.\'b8
<au>Prof. Wilson</au>. \'bd<xex>Sermonical</xex> style.\'b8
<au>V. Knox</au>.
<hw>Ser"mon*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
discoursing; discourse; instruction; preaching.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Ser"mon*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a
sermon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Ser"mon*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sermonizer</er>.</def>
<hw>Ser"mon*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sermonized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sermonizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To compose or write a
sermon or sermons; to preach.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inculcate rigid rules.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Chesterfield.</au>
<hw>Ser"mon*ize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To preach or
discourse to; to affect or influence by means of a sermon or of
sermons.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Which of us shall sing or <qex>sermonize</qex> the other fast
asleep?</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<hw>Ser"mon*i`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sermonizes.</def>
<hw>Ser"o*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Ser</ets>um + L. <ets>ole</ets>um oil.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A peculiar fatty
substance found in the blood, probably a mixture of fats,
cholesterin, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A body found in fecal
matter and thought to be formed in the intestines from the
cholesterin of the bile; -- called also
<altname>stercorin</altname>, and
<altname>stercolin</altname>.</def>
<-- p. 1315 -->
<mhw>{ <hw>Se*ron"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Se*roon"</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>seron</ets> a
kind of hamper or pannier, aug. of <ets>sera</ets> a large
pannier or basket.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Ceroon</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ This word as expressing a quantity or weight has no
definite signification.</note>
<au>McElrath.</au>
<hw>Se"rose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serous.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Se*ros"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>serosit\'82</ets>. See <er>Serous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The quality or state of being serous.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A thin watery animal
fluid, as synovial fluid and pericardial fluid.</def>
<hw>Ser"o*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>s\'82rotine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>serotinus</ets> that comes or
happens late.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European
long-eared bat (<spn>Vesperugo serotinus</spn>).</def>
<hw>Se*rot"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>serotinus</ets>, fr. <ets>serus</ets> late.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Appearing or blossoming later in the
season than is customary with allied species.</def>
<hw>Se"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>s\'82reux</ets>. See <er>Serum</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Thin; watery; like serum;
as the <xex>serous</xex> fluids.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or
pertaining to serum; <as>as, the <ex>serous</ex> glands,
membranes, layers</as>. See <er>Serum</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Serous membrane</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Membrane</er>.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ser"ow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sur"row</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The thar.</def>
<hw>\'d8Ser"pens</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See
<er>Serpent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A
constellation represented as a serpent held by
Serpentarius.</def>
<hw>Ser"pent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>serpens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets> (sc. <ets>bestia</ets>),
fr. <ets>serpens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>serpere</ets> to creep;
akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/, Skr. <ets>sarp</ets>, and perhaps to L.
<ets>repere</ets>, E. <ets>reptile</ets>. Cf.
<er>Herpes</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any reptile of the order Ophidia; a snake, especially a
large snake. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Ophidia</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ The serpents are mostly long and slender, and move
partly by bending the body into undulations or folds and pressing
them against objects, and partly by using the free edges of their
ventral scales to cling to rough surfaces. Many species glide
swiftly over the ground, some burrow in the earth, others live in
trees. A few are entirely aquatic, and swim rapidly. See
<er>Ophidia</er>, and <er>Fang</er>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: A subtle, treacherous, malicious
person.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A species of firework having a serpentine motion
as it passess through the air or along the ground.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The constellation
Serpens.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A bass wind instrument, of a
loud and coarse tone, formerly much used in military bands, and
sometimes introduced into the orchestra; -- so called from its
form.</def>
<cs><col>Pharaoh's serpent</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>mercuric
sulphocyanate, a combustible white substance which in burning
gives off a poisonous vapor and leaves a peculiar brown
voluminous residue which is expelled in a serpentine from. It is
employed as a scientific toy.</cd> -- <col>Serpent cucumber</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the long, slender, serpentine fruit of the
cucurbitaceous plant <spn>Trichosanthes colubrina</spn>; also,
the plant itself.</cd> -- <col>Serpent eage</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of
raptorial birds of the genera <spn>Circa\'89tus</spn> and
<spn>Spilornis</spn>, which prey on serpents. They inhabit
Africa, Southern Europe, and India. The European serpent eagle is
<spn>Circa\'89tus Gallicus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Serpent
eater</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The secretary
bird</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An Asiatic antelope; the
markhoor.</cd> -- <col>Serpent fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>a fish (<spn>Cepola rubescens</spn>) with a long, thin,
compressed body, and a band of red running lengthwise.</cd> --
<col>Serpent star</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an ophiuran; a
brittle star.</cd> -- <col>Serpent's tongue</col>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld>, <cd>the fossil tooth of a shark; -- so
called from its resemblance to a tongue with its root.</cd> --
<col>Serpent withe</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian
climbing plant (<spn>Aristolochia odoratissima</spn>).</cd> --
<col>Tree serpent</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of
African serpents belonging to the family
<spn>Dendrophid\'91</spn>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ser"pent</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Serpented</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Serpenting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wind like a serpent; to
crook about; to meander.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe
<xex>serpenting</xex> of the Thames.\'b8
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<hw>Ser"pent</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To wind; to
encircle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<hw>\'d8Ser`pen*ta"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
(sc. <ets>herba</ets>), fr. <ets>serpens</ets> serpent.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The fibrous aromatic root of the Virginia
snakeroot (<spn>Aristolochia Serpentaria</spn>).</def>
<hw>\'d8Ser`pen*ta"ri*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos><ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>serpens</ets> serpent.]</ety>
<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation on the equator, lying
between Scorpio and Hercules; -- called also
<spn>Ophiuchus</spn>.</def>
<hw>Ser*pen"ti*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>serpens</ets> a serpent + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Having the form of a serpent.</def>
<hw>Ser`pen*tig"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>serpens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, a serpent +
<ets>-genous</ets>: cf. L. <ets>serpentigena</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Bred of a serpent.</def>
<hw>Ser"pen*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>serpentinus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>serpentin</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Resembling a serpent; having the shape or qualities of a
serpent; subtle; winding or turning one way and the other, like a
moving serpent; anfractuous; meandering; sinuous; zigzag; <as>as,
<ex>serpentine</ex> braid</as>.</def>
<q>Thy shape
Like his, and color <qex>serpentine</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Ser"pen*tine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. (for sense 1) F.
<ets>serpentine</ets>, (for sense 2) <ets>serpentin</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral or rock consisting
chiefly of the hydrous silicate of magnesia. It is usually of an
obscure green color, often with a spotted or mottled appearance
resembling a serpent's skin. <xex>Precious</xex>, or
<xex>noble</xex>, <xex>serpentine</xex> is translucent and of a
rich oil-green color.</def>
<note><hand/ Serpentine has been largely produced by the
alteration of other minerals, especially of chrysolite.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Ordnance)</fld> <def>A kind of ancient
cannon.</def>
<hw>Ser"pen*tine</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To serpentize.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Lyttleton.</au>
<hw>Ser"pen*tine*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a serpentine
manner.</def>
<hw>Ser`pen*tin"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>See 2d <er>Ophite</er>.</def>
<hw>Ser"pen*tin*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>To convert (a magnesian silicate) into
serpentine.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ser`pen*tin`i*za"tion</wf>
<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Ser"pen*ti`nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Relating to, or like, serpentine; <as>as, a rock
<ex>serpentinous</ex> in character</as>.</def>
<hw>Ser"pent*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To turn
or bend like a serpent, first in one direction and then in the
opposite; to meander; to wind; to serpentine.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The river runs before the door, and <qex>serpentizes</qex>
more than you can conceive.</q>
<qau>Walpole.</qau>
<hw>Ser"pent*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A winding like a serpent's.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place inhabited or infested by serpents.</def>
<hw>Ser"pent-tongued`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a forked tongue, like a
serpent.</def>
<hw>Ser"pet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sirpus</ets>, <ets>scirpus</ets>, a rush, bulrush.]</ety>
<def>A basket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ainsworth.</au>
<hw>\'d8Ser*pette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A pruning knife with a curved blade.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Ser*pig"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>serpigineux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Creeping;
-- said of lesions which heal over one portion while continuing
to advance at another.</def>
<hw>\'d8Ser*pi"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL., fr.
L. <ets>serpere</ets> to creep.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A
dry, scaly eruption on the skin; especially, a ringworm.</def>
<hw>Ser"po*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Wild thyme.</def>
<hw>\'d8Ser"pu*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Serpul\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Serpulas</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a little snake. See
<er>Serpent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of
numerous species of tubicolous annelids of the genus
<spn>Serpula</spn> and allied genera of the family
<spn>Serpulid\'91</spn>. They secrete a calcareous tube, which is
usually irregularly contorted, but is sometimes spirally coiled.
The worm has a wreath of plumelike and often bright-colored gills
around its head, and usually an operculum to close the aperture
of its tube when it retracts.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ser*pu"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ser*pu"li*dan</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
serpula.</def>
<hw>Ser"pu*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fossil
serpula shell.</def>
<hw>Serr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>serrer</ets>. See <er>Serry</er>.]</ety> <def>To crowd,
press, or drive together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Ser*ra"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>Serranus</ets>, a typical genus (fr. L. <ets>serra</ets> a
saw) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
fish of the family <spn>Serranid\'91</spn>, which includes the
striped bass, the black sea bass, and many other food
fishes.</def> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to the
<spn>Serranid\'91</spn>.</def></def2>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ser"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ser"ra*ted</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>serratus</ets>,
fr. <ets>serra</ets> a saw; perhaps akin to <ets>secare</ets> to
cut, E. <ets>saw</ets> a cutting instrument. Cf.
<er>Sierra</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Notched on the edge,
like a saw.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Beset with teeth pointing
forwards or upwards; <as>as, <ex>serrate</ex> leaves</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Doubly serrate</col>, <cd>having small serratures upon
the large ones, as the leaves of the elm.</cd> --
<col>Serrate-ciliate</col>, <cd>having fine hairs, like the
eyelashes, on the serratures; -- said of a leaf.</cd> --
<col>Serrate-dentate</col>, <cd>having the serratures
toothed.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ser*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Condition of being serrate; formation in the shape of a
saw.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the teeth in a serrate or serrulate
margin.</def>
<hw>Ser*ra`ti*ros"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Serrate</ets> + <ets>rostral</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a toothed bill, like that of a
toucan.</def>
<hw>Ser*ra"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ivory gull (<spn>Larus
eburneus</spn>).</def>
<hw>Ser"ra*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>serratura</ets> a sawing, fr. <ets>serrare</ets> to
saw.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A notching, like that between the
teeth of a saw, in the edge of anything.</def>
<au>Martyn.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the teeth in a serrated edge; a
serration.</def>
<hw>Ser"ri*ca`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sericeous</er>.]</ety> <def>Covered with fine silky
down.</def>
<hw>Ser"ri*corn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>serra</ets> saw + <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having serrated antenn<?/.</def>
<hw>Ser"ri*corn</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of a numerous tribe of beetles
(<spn>Serricornia</spn>). The joints of the antenn\'91 are
prominent, thus producing a serrate appearance. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Antenna</er>.</def>
<hw>Ser"ried</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Serry</er>.]</ety> <def>Crowded; compact; dense; pressed
together.</def>
<q>Nor seemed it to relax their <qex>serried</qex> files.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Ser*rif"e*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>serra</ets> saw + <ets>ferre</ets> to
bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Hymenoptera
comprising the sawflies.</def>
<hw>\'d8Ser`ri*ros"tres</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. fr. L. <ets>serra</ets> saw + <ets>rostrum</ets>
beak.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Lamellirostres</er>.</def>
<hw>Ser"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>serra</ets> a saw.]</ety> <def>Like the teeth off a saw;
jagged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Ser"ru*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a little
saw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red-breasted
merganser.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ser"rulate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ser"ru*la`ted</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>serrula</ets> a
lttle saw, dim. of <ets>serra</ets> a saw.]</ety> <def>Finely
serrate; having very minute teeth.</def>
<hw>Ser`ru*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The state of being notched minutely, like a fine saw.</def>
<au>Wright.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the teeth in a serrulate margin.</def>
<hw>Ser"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Serried</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Serrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>serrer</ets>, LL.
<ets>serrare</ets>, <ets>serare</ets>, from L. <ets>sera</ets> a
bar, bolt; akin to <ets>serere</ets> to join or bind together.
See <er>Serries</er>.]</ety> <def>To crowd; to press together.
<note>[Now perhaps only in the form <xex>serried</xex>, p. p. or
a.]</note></def>
<hw>\'d8Ser`tu*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., dim. fr. L. <ets>serta</ets> a garland.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of delicate branching hydroids
having small sessile hydrothec\'91 along the sides of the
branches.</def>
<hw>Ser`tu*la"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of Sertularia, or of
<spn>Sertularid\'91</spn>, a family of hydroids having branched
chitinous stems and simple sessile hydrothec\'91. Also used
adjectively.</def>
<hw>Se"rum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., akin to Gr.
<?/<?/<?/, Skr. <ets>s\'bera</ets> curd.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The watery portion of
certain animal fluids, as blood, milk, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A thin watery fluid, containing more or less albumin,
secreted by the serous membranes of the body, such as the
pericardium and peritoneum.</def>
<cs><col>Blood serum</col>, <cd>the pale yellowish fluid which
exudes from the clot formed in the coagulation of the blood; the
loquid portion of the blood, after removal of the blood
corpuscles and the fibrin.</cd> -- <col>Muscle serum</col>,
<cd>the thin watery fluid which separates from the muscles after
coagulation of the muscle plasma; the watery portion of the
plasma. See <cref>Muscle plasma</cref>, under
<er>Plasma</er>.</cd> -- <col>Serum albumin</col> <fld>(Physiol.
Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an albuminous body, closely related to egg
albumin, present in nearly all serous fluids; esp., the albumin
of blood serum.</cd> -- <col>Serum globulin</col> <fld>(Physiol.
Chem.)</fld>, <cd>paraglobulin.</cd> -- <col>Serum of milk</col>
<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the whey, or fluid portion of
milk, remaining after removal of the casein and fat.</cd></cs>
<hw>Serv"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Serve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being
served.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[L. <ets>servabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable
of being preserved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Serv"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>servage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serfage; slavery;
servitude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Ser"val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>serval</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African
wild cat (<spn>Felis serval</spn>) of moderate size. It has
rather long legs and a tail of moderate length. Its color is
tawny, with black spots on the body and rings of black on the
tail.</def>
<hw>Ser"val*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Related to, or resembling, the
serval.</def>
<hw>Serv"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>servant</ets>, <ets>servaunt</ets>, F. <ets>servant</ets>, a
& p. pr. of <ets>servir</ets> to serve, L. <ets>servire</ets>.
See <er>Serve</er>, and cf. <er>Sergeant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who serves, or does services, voluntarily or on
compulsion; a person who is employed by another for menial
offices, or for other labor, and is subject to his command; a
person who labors or exerts himself for the benefit of another,
his master or employer; a subordinate helper.</def> \'bdA yearly
hired <xex>servant</xex>.\'b8
<au>Lev. xxv. 53.</au>
<q>Men in office have begun to think themselves mere agents and
<qex>servants</qex> of the appointing power, and not agents of
the government or the country.</q>
<qau>D. Webster.</qau>
<note><hand/ In a legal sense, stewards, factors, bailiffs, and
other agents, are <xex>servants</xex> for the time they are
employed in such character, as they act in subordination to
others. So any person may be legally the servant of another, in
whose business, and under whose order, direction, and control, he
is acting for the time being.</note>
<au>Chitty.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One in a state of subjection or bondage.</def>
<q>Thou wast a <qex>servant</qex> in the land of Egypt.</q>
<qau>Deut. v. 15.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A professed lover or suitor; a gallant.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>In my time a <qex>servant</qex> was I one.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<cs><col>Servant of servants</col>, <cd>one debased to the lowest
condition of servitude.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Your humble
servant</col>, <or/ <col>Your obedient servant</col></mcol>,
<cd>phrases of civility often used in closing a letter.</cd></cs>
<q>Our betters tell us they are <qex>our humble servants</qex>,
but understand us to be their slaves.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Serv"ant</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To subject.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Serv"ant*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A maidservant.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif.</au>
<hw>Serv"ant*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A body of
servants; servants, collectively.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Serve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Served</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Serving</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>serven</ets>, <ets>servien</ets>, OF. & F.
<ets>servir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>servire</ets>; akin to
<ets>servus</ets> a servant or slave, <ets>servare</ets> to
protect, preserve, observe; cf. Zend <ets>har</ets> to protect,
<ets>haurva</ets> protecting. Cf. <er>Conserve</er>,
<er>Desert</er> merit, <er>Dessert</er>, <er>Observe</er>,
<er>Serf</er>, <er>Sergeant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To work
for; to labor in behalf of; to exert one's self continuously or
statedly for the benefit of; to do service for; to be in the
employment of, as an inferior, domestic, serf, slave, hired
assistant, official helper, etc.; specifically, in a religious
sense, to obey and worship.</def>
<q>God is my witness, whom I <qex>serve</qex> with my spirit.</q>
<qau>Rom. i. 9.</qau>
<q>Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will <qex>serve</qex> thee
seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxix. 18.</qau>
<q>No man can <qex>serve</qex> two masters.</q>
<qau>Matt. vi. 24.</qau>
<q>Had I but <qex>served</qex> my God with half the zeal
I <qex>served</qex> my king, he would not in mine age
Have left me naked to mine enemies.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be subordinate to; to act a secondary part
under; to appear as the inferior of; to minister to.</def>
<q>Bodies bright and greater should not <qex>serve</qex>
The less not bright.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be suitor to; to profess love to.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To <qex>serve</qex> a lady in his beste wise.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To wait upon; to supply the wants of; to attend;
specifically, to wait upon at table; to attend at meals; to
supply with food; <as>as, to <ex>serve</ex> customers in a
shop</as>.</def>
<q>Others, pampered in their shameless pride,
Are <qex>served</qex> in plate and in their chariots ride.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, to bring forward, arrange, deal, or
distribute, as a portion of anything, especially of food prepared
for eating; -- often with <xex>up</xex>; formerly with
<xex>in</xex>.</def>
<q>Bid them cover the table, <qex>serve</qex> in the meat, and we
will come in to dinner.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Some part he roasts, then <qex>serves</qex> it up so
dressed.</q>
<qau>Dryde.</qau>
<-- p. 1316 -->
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To perform the duties belonging to, or required
in or for; hence, to be of use to; <as>as, a curate may
<ex>serve</ex> two churches; to <ex>serve</ex> one's
country</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To contribute or conduce to; to promote; to be
sufficient for; to satisfy; <as>as, to <ex>serve</ex> one's
turn</as>.</def>
<q>Turn it into some advantage, by observing where it can
<qex>serve</qex> another end.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To answer or be (in the place of something) to;
<as>as, a sofa <ex>serves</ex> one for a seat and a
couch</as>.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To treat; to behave one's self to; to requite;
to act toward; <as>as, he <ex>served</ex> me very ill</as>.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>To work; to operate; <as>as, to <ex>serve</ex>
the guns</as>.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To bring to
notice, deliver, or execute, either actually or constructively,
in such manner as the law requires; <as>as, to <ex>serve</ex> a
summons</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To make legal service opon
(a person named in a writ, summons, etc.); <as>as, to
<ex>serve</ex> a witness with a subp<oe/na</as>.</def>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>To pass or spend, as time, esp. time of
punishment; <as>as, to <ex>serve</ex> a term in
prison</as>.</def>
<sn>13.</sn> <def>To copulate with; to cover; <as>as, a horse
<ex>serves</ex> a mare</as>; -- said of the male.</def>
<sn>14.</sn> <fld>(Tennis)</fld> <def>To lead off in delivering
(the ball).</def>
<sn>15.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To wind spun yarn, or the
like, tightly around (a rope or cable, etc.) so as to protect it
from chafing or from the weather. See under
<er>Serving</er>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>To serve an attachment</col> <or/ <col>a writ of
attachment</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to levy it on the
person or goods by seizure, or to seize.</cd> -- <col>To serve an
execution</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to levy it on a lands,
goods, or person, by seizure or taking possession.</cd> --
<col>To serve an office</col>, <cd>to discharge a public
duty.</cd> -- <col>To serve a process</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,
<cd>in general, to read it, so as to give due notice to the party
concerned, or to leave an attested copy with him or his attorney,
or his usual place of abode.</cd> -- <col>To serve a
warrant</col>, <cd>to read it, and seize the person against whom
it is issued.</cd> -- <col>To serve a writ</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to read it to the defendant, or to leave an
attested copy at his usual place of abode.</cd> -- <col>To serve
one out</col>, <cd>to retaliate upon; to requite. \'bdI'll
<xex>serve you out<xex> for this.\'b8 <au>C. Kingsley</au>.</cd>
-- <col>To serve one right</col>, <cd>to treat, or cause to
befall one, according to his deserts; -- used commonly of ill
deserts; <as>as, it <ex>serves</ex> the scoundrel <ex>right</ex>;
-- <col>To serve one's self of</col>, <cd>to avail one's self of;
to make use of</as>.</cd> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark>
<q>I will <qex>serve myself of</qex> this concession.</q>
<qau>Chillingworth.</qau>
-- <col>To serve out</col>, <cd>to distribute; <as>as, <ex>to
serve out</ex> rations</as>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To serve the
time</col> <or/ <col>the hour</col></mcol>, <cd>to regulate one's
actions by the requirements of the time instead of by one's duty;
to be a timeserver.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They think herein we <qex>serve the time</qex>, because
thereby we either hold or seek preferment.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
</cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To obey; minister to; subserve; promote; aid; help;
assist; benefit; succor.</syn>
<hw>Serve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
be a servant or a slave; to be employed in labor or other
business for another; to be in subjection or bondage; to render
menial service.</def>
<q>The Lord shall give thee rest . . . from the hard bondage
wherein thou wast made to <qex>serve</qex>.</q>
<qau>Isa. xiv. 3.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perform domestic offices; to be occupied with
household affairs; to prepare and dish up food, etc.</def>
<q>But Martha . . . said, Lord, dost thou not care that my sister
hath left me to <qex>serve</qex> alone?</q>
<qau>Luke x. 40.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be in service; to do duty; to discharge the
requirements of an office or employment. Specifically, to act in
the public service, as a soldier, seaman. etc.</def>
<q>Many . . . who had before been great commanders, but now
<qex>served</qex> as private gentlemen without pay.</q>
<qau>Knolles.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be of use; to answer a purpose; to suffice;
to suit; to be convenient or favorable.</def>
<q>This little brand will <qex>serve</qex> to light your
fire.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>As occasion <qex>serves</qex>, this noble queen
And prince shall follow with a fresh supply.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Tennis)</fld> <def>To lead off in delivering
the ball.</def>
<hw>Serv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who serves.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tray for dishes; a salver.</def>
<au>Randolph.</au>
<hw>Ser"vi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Servia, a kingdom of Southern Europe.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of
Servia.</def></def2>
<-- modern spelling, Serbia -->
<mhw>{ <hw>Serv"ice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <or/
<hw>Serv"ice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>. <ety>[Properly, the tree
which bears <ets>serve</ets>, OE. <ets>serves</ets>, pl., service
berries, AS. <ets>syrfe</ets> service tree; akin to L.
<ets>sorbus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to
several trees and shrubs of the genus <spn>Pyrus</spn>, as
<spn>Pyrus domestica</spn> and <spn>P. torminalis</spn> of
Europe, the various species of mountain ash or rowan tree, and
the American shad bush (see <cref>Shad bush</cref>, under
<er>Shad</er>). They have clusters of small, edible, applelike
berries.</def>
<cs><col>Service berry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fruit of
any kind of service tree. In British America the name is
especially applied to that of the several species or varieties of
the shad bush (<spn>Amelanchier</spn>.)</cd></cs>
<hw>Serv"ice</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>servise</ets>,
OF. <ets>servise</ets>, <ets>service</ets>, F.
<ets>service</ets>, from L. <ets>servitium</ets>. See
<er>Serve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of serving; the
occupation of a servant; the performance of labor for the benefit
of another, or at another's command; attendance of an inferior,
hired helper. slave, etc., on a superior, employer, master, or
the like; also, spiritual obedience and love.</def> \'bdO God . .
. whose <xex>service</xex> is perfect freedom.\'b8
<au>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</au>
<q>Madam, I entreat true peace of you,
Which I will purchase with my duteous <qex>service</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>God requires no man's <qex>service</qex> upon hard and
unreasonable terms.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The deed of one who serves; labor performed for
another; duty done or required; office.</def>
<q>I have served him from the hour of my nativity, . . . and have
nothing at his hands for my <qex>service</qex> but blows.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>This poem was the last piece of <qex>service</qex> I did for
my master, King Charles.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>To go on the forlorn hope is a <qex>service</qex> of peril;
who will understake it if it be not also a <qex>service</qex> of
honor?</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Office of devotion; official religious duty
performed; religious rites appropriate to any event or
ceremonial; <as>as, a burial <ex>service</ex></as>.</def>
<q>The outward <qex>service</qex> of ancient religion, the rites,
ceremonies, and ceremonial vestments of the old law.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence, a musical composition for use in
churches.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Duty performed in, or appropriate to, any office
or charge; official function; hence, specifically, military or
naval duty; performance of the duties of a soldier.</def>
<q>When he cometh to experience of <qex>service</qex> abroad . .
. ne maketh a worthy soldier.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Useful office; advantage conferred; that which
promotes interest or happiness; benefit; avail.</def>
<q>The stork's plea, when taken in a net, was the
<qex>service</qex> she did in picking up venomous creatures.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Profession of respect; acknowledgment of duty
owed.</def> \'bdPray, do my <xex>service</xex> to his
majesty.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>The act and manner of bringing food to the
persons who eat it; order of dishes at table; also, a set or
number of vessels ordinarily used at table; <as>as, the
<ex>service</ex> was tardy and awkward; a <ex>service</ex> of
plate or glass</as>.</def>
<q>There was no extraordinary <qex>service</qex> seen on the
board.</q>
<qau>Hakewill.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of bringing to notice,
either actually or constructively, in such manner as is
prescribed by law; <as>as, the <ex>service</ex> of a subp<oe/na
or an attachment</as>.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The materials used for
serving a rope, etc., as spun yarn, small lines, etc.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Tennis)</fld> <def>The act of serving the
ball.</def>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>Act of serving or covering. See <er>Serve</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>, 13.</def>
<cs><col>Service book</col>, <cd>a prayer book or missal.</cd> --
<col>Service line</col> <fld>(Tennis)</fld>, <cd>a line parallel
to the net, and at a distance of 21 feet from it.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Service of a writ</col>, <col>process</col>,
etc.</mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>personal delivery or
communication of the writ or process, etc., to the party to be
affected by it, so as to subject him to its operation; the
reading of it to the person to whom notice is intended to be
given, or the leaving of an attested copy with the person or his
attorney, or at his usual place of abode.</cd> -- <col>Service of
an attachment</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the seizing of the
person or goods according to the direction.</cd> -- <col>Service
of an execution</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the levying of it
upon the goods, estate, or person of the defendant.</cd> --
<col>Service pipe</col>, <cd>a pipe connecting mains with a
dwelling, as in gas pipes, and the like.
<au>Tomlinson</au>.</cd> -- <col>To accept service</col>.
<fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Accept</er>.</cd> -- <col>To
see service</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to do duty in the
presence of the enemy, or in actual war.</cd></cs>
<hw>Serv"ice*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Doing service; promoting happiness, interest, advantage, or
any good; useful to any end; adapted to any good end use;
beneficial; advantageous.</def> \'bd<xex>Serviceable</xex> to
religion and learning\'b8. <au>Atterbury</au>.
\'bd<xex>Serviceable</xex> tools.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>.
<q>I know thee well, a <qex>serviceable</qex> villain.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Prepared for rendering service; capable of, or
fit for, the performance of duty; hence, active; diligent.</def>
<q>Courteous he was, lowly, and <qex>servysable</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Bright-hearnessed angels sit in order
<qex>serviceable</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Seeing her so sweet and <qex>serviceable</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennnyson.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Serv"ice*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Serv"ice*a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Serv"ice*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Servitude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fairfax.</au>
<hw>Serv"i*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>serviens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. See
<er>Serve</er>.]</ety> <def>Subordinate.</def> <mark>[Obs. except
in law.]</mark>
<au>Dyer.</au>
<cs><mcol><col>Servient tenement</col> <or/
<col>estate</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that on which the
burden of a servitude or an easement is imposed. Cf.
<xex>Dominant estate<xex>, under <er>Dominant</er>.</cd></cs>
<au>Gale & Whately.</au>
<hw>\'d8Ser`viette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A table napkin.</def>
<hw>Serv"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>servile</ets>, fr. <ets>servus</ets> a servant or slave: cf.
F. <ets>servile</ets>. See <er>Serve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to a servant or slave; befitting a servant
or a slave; proceeding from dependence; hence, meanly submissive;
slavish; mean; cringing; fawning; <as>as, <ex>servile</ex>
flattery; <ex>servile</ex> fear; <ex>servile</ex>
obedience.</as></def>
<q>She must bend the <qex>servile</qex> knee.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<q>Fearing dying pays death <qex>servile</qex> breath.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Held in subjection; dependent; enslaved.</def>
<q>Even fortune rules no more, O <qex>servile</qex> land!</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not belonging to
the original root; <as>as, a <ex>servile</ex> letter</as>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not itself sounded, but serving to lengthen the
preceeding vowel, as <xex>e</xex> in <xex>tune</xex>.</def>
<hw>Serv"ile</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>An
element which forms no part of the original root; -- opposed to
<xex>radical</xex>.</def>
<hw>Serv"ile*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a servile manner;
slavishly.</def>
<hw>Serv"ile*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being
servile; servility.</def>
<hw>Ser*vil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>servilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of
being servile; servileness.</def>
<q>To be a queen in bondage is more vile
Than is a slave in base <qex>servility</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Serv"ing</hw>, <def><pos>a & n. from</pos>
<er>Serve</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Serving board</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a flat piece
of wood used in serving ropes.</cd> -- <col>Serving maid</col>,
<cd>a female servant; a maidservant.</cd> -- <col>Serving
mallet</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a wooden instrument shaped
like a mallet, used in serving ropes.</cd> -- <col>Serving
man</col>, <cd>a male servant, or attendant; a manservant.</cd>
-- <col>Serving stuff</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>small lines
for serving ropes.</cd></cs>
<hw>Serv"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>servita</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>One of the
order of the Religious Servants of the Holy Virgin, founded in
Florence in 1223.</def>
<hw>Serv"i*for</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
<ets>servire</ets> to serve: cf. F. <ets>serviteur</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who serves; a servant; an attendant; one who
acts under another; a follower or adherent.</def>
<q>Your trusty and most valiant <qex>servitor</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Univ. of Oxford, Eng.)</fld> <def>An
undergraduate, partly supported by the college funds, whose duty
it formerly was to wait at table. A <xex>servitor</xex>
corresponded to a <xex>sizar</xex> in Cambridge and Dublin
universities.</def>
<hw>Serv"i*tor*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office, rank, or
condition of a servitor.</def>
<au>Boswell.</au>
<hw>Serv"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>servitudo</ets>: cf. F. <ets>servitude</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of voluntary or compulsory subjection
to a master; the condition of being bound to service; the
condition of a slave; slavery; bondage; hence, a state of slavish
dependence.</def>
<q>You would have sold your king to slaughter,
His princes and his peers to <qex>servitude</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>A splendid <qex>servitude</qex>; . . . for he that rises up
early, and goe<?/ to bed late, only to receive addresses, is
really as much abridged in his freedom as he that waits to
present one.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Servants, collectively.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>After him a cumbrous train
Of herds and flocks, and numerous <qex>servitude</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A right whereby one thing is
subject to another thing or person for use or convenience,
contrary to the common right.</def>
<note><hand/ The object of a <xex>servitude</xex> is either to
suffer something to be done by another, or to omit to do
something, with respect to a thing. The <xex>easements</xex> of
the English correspond in some respects with the
<xex>servitudes</xex> of the Roman law. Both terms are used by
common law writers, and often indiscriminately. The former,
however, rather indicates the right enjoyed, and the latter the
burden imposed.</note>
<au>Ayliffe. Erskine. E. Washburn.</au>
<cs><col>Penal servitude</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Penal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Personal servitude</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that which arises when the use of a thing
is granted as a real right to a particular individual other than
the proprietor.</cd> -- <col>Predial servitude</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that which one estate owes to another
estate. When it related to lands, vineyards, gardens, or the
like, it is called <xex>rural<xex>; when it related to houses and
buildings, it is called <xex>urban<xex>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Serv"i*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Servants,
collectively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Serv"i*tute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>servitus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Servitude.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Se"rye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A series.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Ses"a*me</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sesamum</ets>, <ets>sesama</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/,
<?/<?/<?/: cf. F. <ets>s\'82same</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Either of two annual herbaceous plants of the genus
<spn>Sesamum</spn> (<spn>S. Indicum</spn>, and <spn>S.
orientale</spn>), from the seeds of which an oil is expressed;
also, the small obovate, flattish seeds of these plants,
sometimes used as food. See <er>Benne</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Open Sesame</col>, <cd>the magical command which opened
the door of the robber's den in the Arabian Nights' tale of
\'bd<xex>The Forty Thieves<xex>;\'b8 hence, a magical
password.</cd> -- <col>Sesame grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>Same as <er>Gama grass</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ses"a*moid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ like sesame; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ sesame + <?/<?/<?/
form: cf. F. <ets>s\'82samo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Resembling in shape the seeds of sesame.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
sesamoid bones or cartilages; sesamoidal.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Sesamoid bones</col>, <col>Sesamoid
cartilages</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>small bones or
cartilages formed in tendons, like the patella and pisiform in
man.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ses"a*moid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A
sesamoid bone or cartilage.</def>
<hw>Ses`a*moid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Sesamoid.</def>
<hw>Ses"ban</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. Ar.
<ets>saisab\'ben</ets>, <ets>seiseb\'ben</ets>, a kind of tree,
fr. Per. <ets>s\'c6sab\'ben</ets> seed of cinquefoil.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous shrub (<spn>Sesbania
aculeata</spn>) which furnishes a fiber used for making
ropes.</def>
<note><hand/ The name is applied also to the similar plant,
<spn>Sesbania \'92gyptiaca</spn>, and other species of the same
genus.</note>
<hw>\'d8Ses`qui-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L., one half more, one
and a half.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form (also
used adjectively) denoting that <xex>three atoms or
equivalents</xex> of the substance to the name of which it is
prefixed are combined with <xex>two</xex> of some other element
or radical; <as>as, <ex>sesqui</ex>bromide,
<ex>sesqui</ex>carbonate, <ex>sesqui</ex>chloride,
<ex>sesqui</ex>oxide</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sesquidupli-</xex> is sometimes, but rarely,
used in the same manner to denote the proportions of <xex>two and
a half</xex> to <xex>one</xex>, or rather of <xex>five</xex> to
<xex>two</xex>.</note>
<hw>Ses`qui*al"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sesquialteral.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ses`qui*al"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Ses`qui*al"ter*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL. <ets>sesquialtera</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<def>A stop on the organ, containing several ranks of pipes which
re\'89nforce some of the high harmonics of the ground tone, and
make the sound more brilliant.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ses`qui*al"ter*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Ses`qui*al"ter*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>sesquialter</ets> once and a half;
<ets>sesqui-</ets> + <ets>alter</ets> other: cf. F.
<ets>sesquialt\'82re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Once and a half times as
great as another; having the ratio of one and a half to
one.</def>
<cs><col>Sesquialteral ratio</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the
ratio of one and a half to one; <as>thus, 9 and 6 are in a
<ex>sequialteral ratio<ex></as>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ses`qui*al"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sesquialteral.</def>
<hw>Ses`qui*ba"sic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sesqui-</ets> + <ets>basic</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing, or acting as, a base in the
proportions of a sesqui compound.</def>
<hw>Ses`qui*du"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sesqui-</ets> + <ets>duplicate</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Twice and a half as great (as another thing); having the
ratio of two and a half to one.</def>
<cs><col>Sesquiduplicate ratio</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the
ratio of two and a half to one, or one in which the greater term
contains the lesser twice and a half, as that of 50 to
20.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ses`qui*ox"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sesqui-</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen
with two atoms (or radicals) of some other substance; <as>thus,
alumina, <chform>Al2O3</chform> is a
<ex>sesquioxide</ex></as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ses*quip"e*dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Ses`qui*pe*da"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sesqui-</ets> + <ets>pedal</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sesquip\'82dal</ets>, L. <ets>sesquipedalis</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Measuring or containing a foot and a half; <as>as, a
<ex>sesquipedalian</ex> pygmy</as>; -- sometimes humorously
applied to long words.</def>
<-- 2. having a tendency to use long words. -->
<mhw>{ <hw>Ses`qui*pe*da"li*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Ses*quip"e*dal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sesquipedality.</def>
<hw>Ses`qyi*pe*dal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or condition of being
sesquipedal.</def>
<au>Sterne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The use of sesquipedalian words; style
characterized by the use of long words; sesquipedalism.</def>
<hw>Ses*quip"li*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sesqui-</ets> + <ets>plicate</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Subduplicate of the triplicate; -- a term
applied to ratios; thus, <xex>a</xex> and <xex>a\'b7</xex> are in
the <xex>sesquiplicate</xex> ratio of <xex>b</xex> and
<xex>b\'b7</xex>, when <xex>a</xex> is to <xex>a\'b7</xex> as the
square root of the cube of <xex>b</xex> is to the square root of
the cube of <xex>b\'b7</xex>, or
<mathex>a:a\'b7::<root/b<exp>3</exp>:<root/b\'b7<exp>3</exp></ma-
thex>.</def>
<q>The periodic times of the planets are in the
<qex>sesquiplicate</qex> ratio of their mean distances.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>
<hw>Ses"qui*salt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sesqui-</ets> + <ets>salt</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt derived from a sesquioxide base,
or made up on the proportions of a sesqui compound.</def>
<-- p. 1317 -->
<hw>Ses`qui*sul"phide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sesqui-</ets> + <ets>sulphide</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sulphide, analogous to a sesquioxide,
containing three atoms of sulphur to two of the other ingredient;
-- formerly called also <altname>sesquisulphuret</altname>;
<as>as, orpiment, <chform>As2S3</chform> is arsenic
<ex>sesquisulphide</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Ses`qui*ter"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sesquitertian.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ses`qui*ter"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Ses`qui*ter"tian*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<pos>Sesqui-</ets> + L. <ets>tertianus</ets> belonging to
the third. Cf. <er>Tertian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld>
<def>Having the ratio of one and one third to one (as 4 :
3).</def>
<hw>Ses"qui*tone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sesqui-</ets> + <ets>tone</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A minor third, or interval of three
semitones.</def>
<hw>Sess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Aphetic form
of <ets>assess</ets>. See <er>Assess</er>, <er>Cess</er>.]</ety>
<def>To lay a tax upon; to assess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tax; an assessment. See
<er>Cess</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Ses"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Hurry;
run.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Ses"sile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sessilis</ets> low, dwarf, from <ets>sedere</ets>,
<ets>sessum</ets>, to sit: cf. F. <ets>sessile</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Attached without any sensible projecting
support.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resting directly upon the main
stem or branch, without a petiole or footstalk; <as>as, a
<ex>sessile</ex> leaf or blossom</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Permanently attached; --
said of the gonophores of certain hydroids which never became
detached.</def>
<hw>Ses"sile-eyed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having eyes which are not elevated on
a stalk; -- opposed to <xex>stalk-eyed</xex>.</def>
<cs><col>Sessile-eyed Crustacea</col>, <cd>the
Arthrostraca.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ses"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sessio</ets>, fr. <ets>sedere</ets>, <ets>sessum</ets>, to
sit: cf. F. <ets>session</ets>. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of sitting, or the state of being
seated.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<q>So much his ascension into heaven and his <qex>session</qex>
at the right hand of God do import.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<q>But Viven, gathering somewhat of his mood, . . .
Leaped from her <qex>session</qex> on his lap, and stood.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The actual sitting of a court, council,
legislature, etc., or the actual assembly of the members of such
a body, for the transaction of business.</def>
<q>It's fit this royal <qex>session</qex> do proceed.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, also, the time, period, or term during
which a court, council, legislature, etc., meets daily for
business; or, the space of time between the first meeting and the
prorogation or adjournment; thus, a <xex>session</xex> of
Parliaments is opened with a speech from the throne, and closed
by prorogation. The <xex>session</xex> of a judicial court is
called a <xex>term</xex>.</def>
<q>It was resolved that the convocation should meet at the
beginning of the next <qex>session</qex> of Parliament.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sessions</xex>, in some of the States, is
particularly used as a title for a court of justices, held for
granting licenses to innkeepers, etc., and for laying out
highways, and the like; it is also the title of several courts of
criminal jurisdiction in England and the United States.</note>
<cs><col>Church session</col>, <cd>the lowest court in the
Presbyterian Church, composed of the pastor and a body of elders
elected by the members of a particular church, and having the
care of matters pertaining to the religious interests of that
church, as the admission and dismission of members, discipline,
etc.</cd> -- <col>Court of Session</col>, <cd>the supreme civil
court of Scotland.</cd> -- <col>Quarter sessions</col>.
<fld>(Eng.Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Quarter</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sessions of the peace</col>, <cd>sittings held by justices
of the peace.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Ses"sion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a session or sessions.</def>
<hw>Sess"pool`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.
<ets>suss</ets> hogwash, <ets>soss</ets> a dirty mess, a puddle +
E. <ets>pool</ets> a puddle; cf. Gael. <ets>ses</ets> a coarse
mess.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Cesspool</er>.</def>
<hw>Ses"terce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sestertius</ets> (sc. <ets>nummus</ets>), fr.
<ets>sestertius</ets> two and a half; <ets>semis</ets> half +
<ets>tertius</ets> third: cf. F. <ets>sesterce</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A Roman coin or denomination of
money, in value the fourth part of a denarius, and originally
containing two asses and a half, afterward four asses, -- equal
to about two pence sterling, or four cents.</def>
<note><hand/ The sestertium was equivalent to one thousand
sesterces, equal to \'9c8 17s 1d. sterling, or about $43, before
the reign of Augustus. After his reign its value was about \'9c7
16s. 3d. sterling. The sesterce was originally coined only in
silver, but later both in silver and brass.</note>
<hw>Ses*tet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>sestetto</ets>, fr. <ets>sesto</ets> sixth, L.
<ets>sextus</ets>, fr. <ets>sex</ets> six.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A piece of music composed for six voices
or six instruments; a sextet; -- called also
<altname>sestuor</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sestett</asp>, <asp>sestette</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Poet.)</fld> <def>The last six lines of a
sonnet.</def>
<hw>\'d8Ses*tet"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos><ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A
sestet.</def>
<hw>Ses"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sextain</er>.</def>
<hw>Ses"tu*or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>A sestet.</def>
<hw>Set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.
& p. p.</pos> <er>Set</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Setting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>setten</ets>, AS.
<ets>setton</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>settian</ets>, OFries.
<ets>setta</ets>, D. <ets>zetten</ets>, OHG. <ets>sezzen</ets>,
G. <ets>setzen</ets>, Icel. <ets>setja</ets>, Sw.
<ets>s\'84tta</ets>, Dan. <ets>s<?/tte</ets>, Goth.
<ets>satjan</ets>; causative from the root of E. <ets>sit</ets>.
<?/154. See <er>Sit</er>, and cf. <er>Seize</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to sit; to make to assume a specified
position or attitude; to give site or place to; to place; to put;
to fix; <as>as, to <ex>set</ex> a house on a stone foundation; to
<ex>set</ex> a book on a shelf; to <ex>set</ex> a dish on a
table; to <ex>set</ex> a chest or trunk on its bottom or on
end</as>.</def>
<q>I do <qex>set</qex> my bow in the cloud.</q>
<qau>Gen. ix. 13.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to attach or affix (something) to
something else, or in or upon a certain place.</def>
<q><qex>Set</qex> your affection on things above.</q>
<qau>Col. iii. 2.</qau>
<q>The Lord <qex>set</qex> a mark upon Cain.</q>
<qau>Gen. iv. 15.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make to assume specified place, condition, or
occupation; to put in a certain condition or state (described by
the accompanying words); to cause to be.</def>
<q>The Lord thy God will <qex>set</qex> thee on hihg.</q>
<qau>Deut. xxviii. 1.</qau>
<q>I am come to <qex>set</qex> a man at variance against his
father, and the daughter against her mother.</q>
<qau>Matt. x. 35.</qau>
<q>Every incident <qex>sets</qex> him thinking.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fix firmly; to make fast, permanent, or
stable; to render motionless; to give an unchanging place, form,
or condition to.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To cause to stop or stick; to obstruct; to
fsten to a spot; hence, to occasion difficulty to; to embarrass;
as, to <xex>set</xex> a coach in the mud</def>.
<q>They show how hard they are <qex>set</qex> in this
particular.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To fix beforehand; to determine; hence, to make
unyielding or obstinate; to render stiff, unpliant, or rigid; as,
to <xex>set</xex> one's countenance</def>.
<q>His eyes were <qex>set</qex> by reason of his age.</q>
<qau>1 Kings xiv. 4.</qau>
<q>On these three objects his heart was <qex>set</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<q>Make my heart as a millstone, <qex>set</qex> my face as a
flint.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To fix in the ground, as a post or a tree; to
plant; <as>as, to <ex>set</ex> pear trees in an
orchard</as></def>.
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To fix, as a precious stone, in a border of
metal; to place in a setting; hence, to place in or amid
something which serves as a setting; <as>as, to <ex>set</ex>
glass in a sash</as></def>.
<q>And him too rich a jewel to be <qex>set</qex>
In vulgar metal for a vulgar use.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To render stiff or solid; especially, to
convert into curd; to curdle; <as>as, to <ex>set</ex> milk for
cheese</as></def>.
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To put into a desired position or condition; to
adjust; to regulate; to adapt.</def> Specifically: --
<-- to set a table -->
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To put in order in a particular manner; to
prepare; <as>as, to <ex>set</ex> (that is, to hone) a razor; to
<ex>set</ex> a saw</as></def>.
<q>Tables for to <qex>sette</qex>, and beddes make.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To extend and bring into position; to spread;
<as>as, to <ex>set</ex> the sails of a ship</as></def>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To give a pitch to, as a tune; to start by
fixing the keynote; <as>as, to <ex>set</ex> a psalm</as></def>.
<au>Fielding.</au>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To reduce from a dislocated or fractured state;
to replace; <as>as, to <ex>set</ex> a broken bone</as></def>.
<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To make to agree with some standard; <as>as, to
<ex>set</ex> a watch or a clock</as></def>.
<sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To lower into place and
fix silidly, as the blocks of cut stone in a structure</def>.
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To stake at play; to wager; to risk.</def>
<q>I have <qex>set</qex> my life upon a cast,
And I will stand the hazard of the die.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To fit with music; to adapt, as words to notes;
to prepare for singing.</def>
<q><qex>Set</qex> thy own songs, and sing them to thy lute.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To determine; to appoint; to assign; to fix;
<as>as, to <ex>set</ex> a time for a meeting; to <ex>set</ex> a
price on a horse</as>.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To adorn with something infixed or affixed; to
stud; to variegate with objects placed here and there.</def>
<q>High on their heads, with jewels richly <qex>set</qex>,
Each lady wore a radiant coronet.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Pastoral dales thin <qex>set</qex> with modern farms.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>To value; to rate; -- with <xex>at</xex>.</def>
<q>Be you contented, wearing now the garland,
To have a son <qex>set</qex> your decrees at naught.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>I do not <qex>set</qex> my life at a pin's fee.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>To point out the seat or position of, as birds,
or other game; -- said of hunting dogs.</def>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>To establish as a rule; to furnish; to
prescribe; to assign; <as>as, to <ex>set</ex> an example; to
<ex>set</ex> lessons to be learned</as>.</def>
<sn>13.</sn> <def>To suit; to become; <as>as, it <ex>sets</ex>
him ill</as>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<sn>14.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To compose; to arrange in
words, lines, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>set</ex> type; to <ex>set</ex>
a page.</as></def>
<cs><col>To set abroach</col>. <cd>See <er>Abroach</er>.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak<au>.</cd> -- <col>To set
against</col>, <cd>to oppose; to set in comparison with, or to
oppose to, as an equivalent in exchange; as, <xex>to set<xex> one
thing <xex>against<xex> another.</cd> -- <col>To set
agoing</col>, <cd>to cause to move.</cd> -- <col>To set
apart</col>, <cd>to separate to a particular use; to separate
from the rest; to reserve.</cd> -- <col>To set a saw</col>,
<cd>to bend each tooth a little, every alternate one being bent
to one side, and the intermediate ones to the other side, so that
the opening made by the saw may be a little wider than the
thickness of the back, to prevent the saw from sticking.</cd> --
<col>To set aside</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To leave out of
account; to pass by; to omit; to neglect; to reject; to
annul.</cd>
<q><qex>Setting aside</qex> all other considerations, I will
endeavor to know the truth, and yield to that.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To set apart; to reserve; as, <xex>to set
aside</xex> part of one's income.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Aside</er>.</cd> -- <col>To
set at defiance</col>, to defy.</cd> -- <col>To set at
ease</col>, <cd>to quiet; to tranquilize; <as>as, <ex>to set</ex>
the heart <ex>at ease</ex></as>.</cd></cd> -- <col>To set at
naught</col>, <cd>to undervalue; to contemn; to despise.</cd>
\'bdYe have <xex>set at naught</xex> all my counsel.\'b8
<au>Prov. i. 25</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To set a trap</col>,
<cd><col>snare</col>, <cd><or/ <col>gin</col></mcol>, to put it
in a proper condition or position to catch prey; hence, to lay a
plan to deceive and draw another into one's power.</cd> --
<mcol><col>To set at work</col>, <cd><or/ <col>To set to
work</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cause to enter on work or
action, or to direct how tu enter on work.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>To apply one's self; -- used reflexively.</cd> -- <col>To set
before</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To bring out to view before; to
exhibit.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To propose for choice to; to offer
to.</cd> -- <col>To set by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To set apart
or on one side; to reject.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To attach the
value of (anything) to</cd>. \'bdI <xex>set</xex> not a straw
<xex>by</xex> thy dreamings.\'b8 <au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> --
<col>To set by the compass</col>, <cd>to observe and note the
bearing or situation of by the compass.</cd> -- <col>To set
case</col>, <cd>to suppose; to assume. Cf. <cref>Put case</cref>,
under <er>Put</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> -- <col>To set down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>To enter in writing; to register.</cd>
<q>Some rules were to be <qex>set down</qex> for the government
of the army.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To fix; to establish; to ordain.</cd>
<q>This law we may name eternal, being that order which God . . .
hath <qex>set down</qex> with himself, for himself to do all
things by.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To humiliate.</cd> -- <col>To set eyes on</col>,
<cd>to see; to behold; to fasten the eyes on.</cd> --
<mcol><col>To set fire to</col>, <cd><or/ <col>To set on
fire</col></mcol>, <cd>to communicate fire to; fig., to inflame;
to enkindle the passions of; to irritate.</cd> -- <col>To set
flying</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to hook to halyards, sheets,
etc., instead of extending with rings or the like on a stay; --
said of a sail.</cd> -- <col>To set forth</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>To manifest; to offer or present to view; to exhibt; to
display.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To publish; to promulgate; to make
appear</cd>. <au>Waller</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To send out; to
prepare and send.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The Venetian admiral had a fleet of sixty galleys, <qex>set
forth</qex> by the Venetians.</q>
<qau>Knolles.</qau>
-- <col>To set forward</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cause to
advance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To promote.</cd> -- <col>To set
free</col>, <cd>to release from confinement, imprisonment, or
bondage; to liberate; to emancipate.</cd> -- <col>To set
in</col>, <cd>to put in the way; to begin; to give a start to.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>If you please to assist and <qex>set</qex> me <qex>in</qex>, I
will recollect myself.</q>
<qau>Collier.</qau>
-- <col>To set in order</col>, <cd>to adjust or arrange; to
reduce to method. \'bdThe rest will I <xex>set in order</xex>
when I come.\'b8 <au>1 Cor. xi. 34</au>.</cd> -- <col>To set
milk</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To expose it in open dishes in order
that the cream may rise to the surface.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To
cause it to become curdled as by the action of rennet</cd>. See 4
<sd>(e)</sd>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To set much</col>, <cd><or/
<col>little</col>, <col>by</col></mcol>, <cd>to care much, or
little, for.</cd> -- <col>To set of</col>, <cd>to value; to set
by. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdI <xex>set</xex> not an haw
<xex>of</xex> his proverbs.\'b8 <au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> -- <col>To
set off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To separate from a whole; to
assign to a particular purpose; to portion off; as, <xex>to set
off</xex> a portion of an estate.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To adorn;
to decorate; to embellish</cd>.
<q>They . . . <qex>set off</qex> the worst faces with the best
airs.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To give a flattering description of.</cd> --
<col>To set off against</col>, <cd>to place against as an
equivalent; <as>as, <ex>to set off</ex> one man's services
<ex>against</ex> another's</as>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To set
on</col> <cd> <or/ <col>upon</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To
incite; to instigate.</cd> \'bdThou, traitor, hast <xex>set
on</xex> thy wife to this.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To
employ, as in a task.</cd> \'bd <xex>Set on</xex> thy wife to
observe.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To fix upon; to
attach strongly to; as, <xex>to set</xex> one's heart or
affections <xex>on</xex> some object. See definition 2,
above.</cd> -- <col>To set one's cap for</col>. See under
<er>Cap</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>To set one's self
against</col>, <cd>to place one's self in a state of enmity or
opposition to.</cd> -- <col>To set one's teeth</col>, <cd>to
press them together tightly.</cd> -- <col>To set on foot</col>,
<cd>to set going; to put in motion; to start.</cd> -- <col>To set
out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To assign; to allot; to mark off; to
limit; <as>as, <ex>to set out</ex> the share of each proprietor
or heir of an estate; <ex>to set out</ex> the widow's
thirds</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To publish, as a
proclamation</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To adorn;
to embellish.</cd>
<q>An ugly woman, in rich habit <qex>set out</qex> with jewels,
nothing can become.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To raise, equip, and send forth; to
furnish.</cd> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The Venetians pretend they could <qex>set out</qex>, in case
of great necessity, thirty men-of-war.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To show; to display; to recommend; to set
off.</cd>
<q>I could <qex>set out</qex> that best side of Luther.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To show; to prove.</cd> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bdThose very reasons <xex>set out</xex> how heinous his sin
was.\'b8 <au>Atterbury</au>. <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>To
recite; to state at large.</cd> -- <col>To set over</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To appoint or constitute as supervisor,
inspector, ruler, or commander.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To assign;
to transfer; to convey.</cd> -- <col>To set right</col>, <cd>to
correct; to put in order.</cd> -- <col>To set sail</col>.
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sail</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>To set store by</col>, <cd>to consider
valuable.</cd> -- <col>To set the fashion</col>, <cd>to determine
what shall be the fashion; to establish the mode.</cd> -- <col>To
set the teeth on edge</col>, <cd>to affect the teeth with a
disagreeable sensation, as when acids are brought in contact with
them.</cd> -- <col>To set the watch</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>to place the starboard or port watch on duty.</cd> -- <col>To
set to</col>, <cd>to attach to; to affix to. \'bdHe . . . hath
<xex>set to</xex> his seal that God is true.\'b8 <au>John iii.
33</au>.</cd> -- <col>To set up</col>. <fld>(a)</fld> <cd>To
erect; to raise; to elevate; as, <xex>to set up</xex> a building,
or a machine; <xex>to set up</xex> a post, a wall, a pillar.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Hence, to exalt; to put in power</cd>. \'bdI
will . . . <xex>set up</xex> the throne of David over Israel.\'b8
<au>2 Sam. iii. 10</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To begin, as a new
institution; to institute; to establish; to found; <as>as, <ex>to
set up</ex> a manufactory; to <ex>set up</ex> a school</as>.</cd>
<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To enable to commence a new business; <as>as,
<ex>to set up</ex> a son in trade</as></cd>. <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To
place in view; <as>as, <ex>to set up</ex> a mark</as></cd>.
<sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To raise; to utter loudly; <as>as, <ex>to set
up</ex> the voice</as></cd>.
<q>I'll <qex>set up</qex> such a note as she shall hear.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sd>(g)</sd> <cd>To advance; to propose as truth or for
reception; <as>as, <ex>to set up</ex> a new opinion or
doctrine</as>.</cd> <au>T. Burnet</au>. <sd>(h)</sd> <cd>To raise
from depression, or to a sufficient fortune; <as>as, this good
fortune quite <ex>set</ex> him <ex>up</ex></as>.</cd>
<sd>(i)</sd> <cd>To intoxicate</cd>. <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<sd>(j)</sd> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <cd>To put in type; <as>as,
<ex>to set up</ex> copy; to arrange in words, lines, etc., ready
for printing; <as>as, <ex>to set up</ex> type</as>.</cd> --
<col>To set up the rigging</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to make
it taut by means of tackles.</cd> <au>R. H. Dana, Jr.</au></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Put</er>.</syn>
<hw>Set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
pass below the horizon; to go down; to decline; to sink out of
sight; to come to an end.</def>
<q>Ere the weary sun <qex>set</qex> in the west.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Thus this century <qex>sets</qex> with little mirth, and the
next is likely to arise with more mourning.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fit music to words.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To place plants or shoots in the ground; to
plant.</def> \'bdTo sow dry, and <xex>set</xex> wet.\'b8
<au>Old Proverb.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be fixed for growth; to strike root; to begin
to germinate or form; <as>as, cuttings <ex>set</ex> well; the
fruit has <ex>set</ex> well (<it>i. e.</it>, not blasted in the
blossom)</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To become fixed or rigid; to be fastened.</def>
<q>A gathering and serring of the spirits together to resist,
maketh the teeth to <qex>set</qex> hard one against another.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To congeal; to concrete; to solidify.</def>
<q>That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to
<qex>set</qex>.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To have a certain direction in motion; to flow;
to move on; to tend; <as>as, the current <ex>sets</ex> to the
north; the tide <ex>sets</ex> to the windward</as>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To begin to move; to go out or forth; to start;
-- now followed by <xex>out</xex>.</def>
<q>The king is <qex>set</qex> from London.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To indicate the position of game; -- said of a
dog; <as>as, the dog <ex>sets</ex> well</as>; also, to hunt game
by the aid of a setter.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>To apply one's self; to undertake earnestly; --
now followed by <xex>out</xex>.</def>
<q>If he <qex>sets</qex> industriously and sincerely to perform
the commands of Christ, he can have no ground of doubting but it
shall prove successful to him.</q>
<qau>Hammond.</qau>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>To fit or suit one; to sit; <as>as, the coat
<ex>sets</ex> well.</def> <note>[Colloquially used, but
improperly, for <ex>sit</ex></as>.]</note>
<note><hand/ The use of the verb <xex>set</xex> for
<xex>sit</xex> in such expressions as, the hen is
<xex>setting</xex> on thirteen eggs; a <xex>setting</xex> hen,
etc., although colloquially common, and sometimes tolerated in
serious writing, is not to be approved.</note>
<cs><col>To set about</col>, <cd>to commence; to begin.</cd> --
<col>To set forward</col>, <cd>to move or march; to begin to
march; to advance.</cd> -- <col>To set forth</col>, <cd>to begin
a journey.</cd> -- <col>To set in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To
begin; to enter upon a particular state; as, winter <xex>set
in<xex> early</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To settle one's self; to
become established</cd>. \'bdWhen the weather was <xex>set
in<xex> to be very bad.\'b8 <au>Addyson</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To
flow toward the shore; -- said of the tide.</cd> -- <col>To set
off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To enter upon a journey; to
start</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Typog.)</fld> <cd>To deface or
soil the next sheet; -- said of the ink on a freshly printed
sheet, when another sheet comes in contract with it before it has
had time to dry.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To set on</col> <or/
<col>upon</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To begin, as a journey
or enterprise; to set about.</cd>
<q>He that would seriously <qex>set upon</qex> the search of
truth.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> To assault; to make an attack.
<au>Bacon.</au>
<q>Cassio hath here been <qex>set on</qex> in the dark.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
-- <col>To set out</col>, <cd>to begin a journey or course;
<as>as, <ex>to set out</ex> for London, or from London; <ex>to
set out</ex> in business;<ex>to set out</ex> in life or the
world</as>.</cd> -- <col>To set to</col>, <cd>to apply one's self
to.</cd> -- <col>To set up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To begin
business or a scheme of life; <as>as, <ex>to set up</ex> in
trade; <ex>to set up</ex> for one's self</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>To profess openly; to make pretensions</cd>.
<q>Those men who <qex>set up</qex> for mortality without regard
to religion, are generally but virtuous in part.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
</cs>
<-- p. 1318 -->
<hw>Set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fixed
in position; immovable; rigid; <as>as, a <ex>set</ex> line; a
<ex>set</ex> countenance</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Firm; unchanging; obstinate; <as>as,
<ex>set</ex> opinions or prejudices</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Regular; uniform; formal; <as>as, a <ex>set</ex>
discourse; a <ex>set</ex> battle</as>.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>set</xex> phrase of peace.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Established; prescribed; <as>as, <ex>set</ex>
forms of prayer</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Adjusted; arranged; formed; adapted.</def>
<cs><col>Set hammer</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A hammer the head of
which is not tightly fastened upon the handle, but may be
reversed</cd>. <au>Knight</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A hammer with a
concave face which forms a die for shaping anything, as the end
of a bolt, rivet, etc.</cd> -- <col>Set line</col>, <cd>a line to
which a number of baited hooks are attached, and which, supported
by floats and properly secured, may be left unguarded during the
absence of the fisherman.</cd> -- <col>Set nut</col>, <cd>a jam
nut or lock nut. See under <er>Nut</er>.</cd> -- <col>Set
screw</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a screw, sometimes cupped or
printed at one end, and screwed through one part, as of a
machine, tightly upon another part, to prevent the one from
slipping upon the other.</cd> -- <col>Set speech</col>, <cd>a
speech carefully prepared before it is delivered in public; a
formal or methodical speech.</cd></cs>
<hw>Set</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of setting,
as of the sun or other heavenly body; descent; hence, the close;
termination.</def> \'bdLocking at the <xex>set</xex> of day.\'b8
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<q>The weary sun hath made a golden <qex>set</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is set, placed, or fixed.</def>
Specifically: -- <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A young plant for growth;
<as>as, a <ex>set</ex> of white thorn</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>That which is staked; a wager; a venture; a stake; hence, a
game at venture.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>
<q>We will in France, by God's grace, play a <qex>set</qex>
Shall strike his father's crown into the hazard.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>That was but civil war, an equal <qex>set</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Permanent change of figure
in consequence of excessive strain, as from compression, tension,
bending, twisting, etc.; as, the <xex>set</xex> of a
spring.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A kind of punch used for bending, indenting, or
giving shape to, metal; as, a saw <xex>set</xex>.</def>
<sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Pile Driving)</fld> <def>A piece placed
temporarily upon the head of a pile when the latter cannot be
reached by the weight, or hammer, except by means of such an
intervening piece</def>. <altsp>[Often incorrectly written
<asp>sett</asp>.]</altsp>
<sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A short steel spike used for
driving the head of a nail below the surface</def>.
<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps due to confusion with <ets>sect</ets>,
<ets>sept</ets>.]</ety> <def>A number of things of the same kind,
ordinarily used or classed together; a collection of articles
which naturally complement each other, and usually go together;
an assortment; a suit; <as>as, a <ex>set</ex> of chairs, of
china, of surgical or mathematical instruments, of books,
etc.</as></def> <altsp>[In this sense, sometimes incorrectly
written <asp>sett</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A number of persons associated by custom,
office, common opinion, quality, or the like; a division; a
group; a clique.</def> \'bdOthers of our <xex>set</xex>.\'b8
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<q>This falls into different divisions, or <qex>sets</qex>, of
nations connected under particular religions.</q>
<qau>R. P. Ward.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Direction or course; <as>as, the <ex>set</ex> of
the wind, or of a current</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>In dancing, the number of persons necessary to
execute a quadrille; also, the series of figures or movements
executed.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>The deflection of a tooth, or of the teeth, of a
saw, which causes the the saw to cut a kerf, or make an opening,
wider than the blade.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A young oyster when first
attached.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Collectively, the crop of young
oysters in any locality.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Tennis)</fld> <def>A series of as many games as
may be necessary to enable one side to win six. If at the end of
the tenth game the score is a tie, the set is usually called a
<xex>deuce set</xex>, and decided by an application of the rules
for playing off deuce in a game. See <er>Deuce</er>.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Type Founding)</fld> <def>That dimension of
the body of a type called by printers the <xex>width</xex>.</def>
<cs><col>Dead set</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The act of a setter dog
when it discovers the game, and remains intently fixed in
pointing it out</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A fixed or stationary
condition arising from obstacle or hindrance; a deadlock; as, to
be at a <xex>dead set<xex>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A concerted
scheme to defraud by gaming; a determined onset.</cd> -- <col>To
make a dead set</col>, <cd>to make a determined onset, literally
or figuratively.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Collection; series; group. See <er>Pair</er>.</syn>
<hw>\'d8Se"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Set\'91</plw></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>seta</ets>,
<ets>saeta</ets>, a bristle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Any slender, more or less rigid,
bristlelike organ or part; as the hairs of a caterpillar, the
slender spines of a crustacean, the hairlike processes of a
protozoan, the bristles or stiff hairs on the leaves of some
plants, or the pedicel of the capsule of a moss.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the
movable chitinous spines or hooks of an annelid. They usually
arise in clusters from muscular capsules, and are used in
locomotion and for defense. They are very diverse in form.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the spinelike feathers at the base of
the bill of certain birds.</def>
<hw>Se*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>seta</ets> a bristle: cf. F. <ets>s\'82tac\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Set with, or consisting of, bristles; bristly;
<as>as, a stiff, <ex>setaceous</ex> tail</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bristelike in form or texture; <as>as, a
<ex>setaceous</ex> feather; a <ex>setaceous</ex> leaf.</as></def>
<hw>Set"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Offset, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A backset; a countercurrent; an eddy.</def>
<mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A backset; a check; a repulse; a reverse; a
relapse.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Set"bolt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An iron pin, or bolt,
for fitting planks closely together.</def>
<au>Craig.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bolt used for forcing another bolt out of its
hole.</def>
<hw>Set"down`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The humbling
of a person by act or words, especially by a retort or a reproof;
the retort or the reproof which has such effect.</def>
<hw>Set*ee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>See 2d <er>Settee</er>.</def>
<hw>Set"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>obs. imp. pl.</pos> of
<er>Sit</er>. Sat.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Set"e*wale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Cetewale</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Set"-fair`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>In
plastering, a particularly good troweled surface.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Set"foil`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Septfoil</er>.</def>
<hw>Seth"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. & conj.</pos> <def>See
<er>Since</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Seth"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sothic</er>.</def>
<hw>Se*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>seta</ets> a bristle + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Producing, or having one or more, bristles.</def>
<hw>Se"ti*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Seta</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>s\'82tiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form or structure
of set\'91.</def>
<hw>Se"ti*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See
<er>Setigerous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An annelid
having set\'91; a ch\'91topod.</def>
<hw>Se*tig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Seta</ets> + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Covered
with bristles; having or bearing a seta or set\'91; setiferous;
<as>as, <ex>setigerous</ex> glands; a <ex>setigerous</ex> segment
of an annelid</as>; specifically <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, tipped with a
bristle.</def>
<hw>Se"tim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shittim</er>.</def>
<hw>Se*tip"a*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Seta</ets> + L. <ets>papere</ets> to produce.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing set\'91; -- said of the
organs from which the set\'91 of annelids arise.</def>
<hw>Se"ti*reme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Seta</ets> + L. <ets>remus</ets> an oar.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A swimming leg (of an insect) having a
fringe of hairs on the margin.</def>
<hw>Set"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or
state of being set; formality; obstinacy.</def> \'bdThe starched
<xex>setness</xex> of a sententious writer.\'b8
<au>R. Masters.</au>
<hw>Set"-off`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Set</ets> + <ets>off</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>That which is set off against another thing; an
offset.</def>
<q>I do not contemplate such a heroine as a <qex>set-off</qex> to
the many sins imputed to me as committed against woman.</q>
<qau>D. Jerrold.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is used to improve the appearance of
anything; a decoration; an ornament.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A counterclaim; a cross debt or
demand; a distinct claim filed or set up by the defendant against
the plaintiff's demand.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Set-off</xex> differs from
<xex>recoupment</xex>, as the latter generally grows out of the
same matter or contract with the plaintiff's claim, while the
former grows out of distinct matter, and does not of itself deny
the justice of the plaintiff's demand. <xex>Offset</xex> is
sometimes improperly used for the legal term <xex>set-off</xex>.
See <er>Recoupment</er>.</note>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Offset</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>See <er>Offset</er>,
7.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Set-off</er>, <er>Offset</er>.</syn> <usage> --
<xex>Offset</xex> originally denoted that which branches off or
projects, as a shoot from a tree, but the term has long been used
in America in the sense of <xex>set-off</xex>. This use is
beginning to obtain in England; though Macaulay uses
<xex>set-off</xex>, and so, perhaps, do a majority of English
writers.</usage>
<hw>Se"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>s\'82ton</ets> (cf. It. <ets>setone</ets>), from L.
<ets>seta</ets> a thick, stiff hair, a bristle.]</ety> <fld>(Med.
& Far.)</fld> <def>A few silk threads or horsehairs, or a strip
of linen or the like, introduced beneath the skin by a knife or
needle, so as to form an issue; also, the issue so formed.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Se*tose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Se"tous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>setosus</ets>,
<ets>saetosus</ets>, from <ets>seta</ets>, <ets>saeta</ets>,
bristle: cf. F. <ets>s\'82teux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Thickly set
with bristles or bristly hairs.</def>
<hw>Set"out`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A display, as
of plate, equipage, etc.; that which is displayed.</def>
<mark>[Coloq.]</mark>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<hw>Set"-stitched`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stitched
according to a formal pattern.</def> \'bdAn old
<xex>set-stiched</xex> chair, valanced, and fringed with
party-colored worsted bobs.\'b8
<au>Sterne.</au>
<hw>Sett</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Set</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 2 <sd>(e)</sd> and 3.</def>
<hw>Set*tee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Set</er>; cf. <er>Settle</er> a seat.]</ety> <def>A long seat
with a back, -- made to accommodate several persons at
once.</def>
<hw>Set*tee"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sc\'82tie</ets>,
<ets>scitie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel with a
very long, sharp prow, carrying two or three masts with lateen
sails, -- used in the Mediterranean.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>setee</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Set"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, sets; -- used mostly in composition with a
noun, as type<xex>setter</xex>; or in combination with an adverb,
as a <xex>setter</xex> on (or inciter), a <xex>setter</xex> up, a
<xex>setter</xex> forth.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hunting dog of a special
breed originally derived from a cross between the spaniel and the
pointer. Modern setters are usually trained to indicate the
position of game birds by standing in a fixed position, but
originally they indicated it by sitting or crouching.</def>
<note><hand/ There are several distinct varieties of setters; as,
the <xex>Irish</xex>, or <xex>red</xex>, <xex>setter</xex>; the
<xex>Gordon setter</xex>, which is usually red or tan varied with
black; and the <xex>English setter</xex>, which is variously
colored, but usually white and tawny red, with or without
black.</note>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who hunts victims for sharpers.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who adapts words to music in
composition.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>An adornment; a decoration; -- with
<xex>off</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They come as . . . <qex>setters</qex> off of thy graces.</q>
<qau>Whitlock.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Pottery)</fld> <def>A shallow seggar for
porcelain.</def>
<au>Ure.</au>
<hw>Set"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut the dewlap (of a
cow or an ox), and to insert a seton, so as to cause an
issue.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Set"ter*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bear's-foot (<spn>Helleborus
f<oe/tidus</spn>); -- so called because the root was used in
<xex>settering</xex>, or inserting setons into the dewlaps of
cattle. Called also <altname>pegroots</altname>.</def>
<au>Dr. Prior.</au>
<hw>Set"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of one who, or that which, sets; <as>as, the
<ex>setting</ex> of type, or of gems; the <ex>setting</ex> of the
sun; the <ex>setting</ex> (hardening) of moist plaster of Paris;
the <ex>setting</ex> (set) of a current.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of marking the position of game, as a
setter does; also, hunting with a setter.</def>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something set in, or inserted.</def>
<q>Thou shalt set in it <qex>settings</qex> of stones.</q>
<qau>Ex. xxviii. 17.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That in which something, as a gem, is set;
<as>as, the gold <ex>setting</ex> of a jeweled pin</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Setting coat</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the finishing
or last coat of plastering on walls or ceilings.</cd> --
<col>Setting dog</col>, <cd>a setter. See <er>Setter</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Setting pole</col>, <cd>a pole,
often iron-pointed, used for pushing boats along in shallow
water.</cd> -- <col>Setting rule</col>. <fld>(Print.)</fld> <cd>A
composing rule.</cd></cs>
<hw>Set"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>setel</ets>, <ets>setil</ets>, a seat, AS. <ets>setl</ets>:
akin to OHG. <ets>sezzal</ets>, G. <ets>sessel</ets>, Goth.
<ets>sitls</ets>, and E. <ets>sit</ets>. <root/154. See
<er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A seat of any kind.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdUpon the <xex>settle</xex> of his
majesty\'b8
<au>Hampole.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bench; especially, a bench with a high
back.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place made lower than the rest; a wide step or
platform lower than some other part.</def>
<q>And from the bottom upon the ground, even to the lower
<qex>settle</qex>, shall be two cubits, and the breadth one
cubit.</q>
<qau>Ezek. xliii. 14.</qau>
<cs><col>Settle bed</col>, <cd>a bed convertible into a
seat.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Set"tle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Settled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Settling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>setlen</ets>, AS. <ets>setlan</ets>. <root/154. See
<er>Settle</er>, <pos>n.</pos> In senses 7, 8, and 9 perhaps
confused with OE. <ets>sahtlen</ets> to reconcile, AS.
<ets>sahtlian</ets>, fr. <ets>saht</ets> reconciliation,
<ets>sacon</ets> to contend, dispute. Cf. <er>Sake</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To place in a fixed or permanent condition; to
make firm, steady, or stable; to establish; to fix; esp., to
establish in life; to fix in business, in a home, or the
like.</def>
<q>And he <qex>settled</qex> his countenance steadfastly upon
him, until he was ashamed.</q>
<qau>2 Kings viii. 11. (Rev. Ver.) </qau>
<q>The father thought the time drew on
Of <qex>setting</qex> in the world his only son.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To establish in the pastoral office; to ordain
or install as pastor or rector of a church, society, or parish;
<as>as, to <ex>settle</ex> a minister</as>.</def> <mark>[U.
S.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to be no longer in a disturbed
condition; to render quiet; to still; to calm; to compose.</def>
<q>God <qex>settled</qex> then the huge whale-bearing lake.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<q>Hoping that sleep might <qex>settle</qex> his brains.</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To clear of dregs and impurities by causing them
to sink; to render pure or clear; -- said of a liquid; <as>as, to
<ex>settle</ex> coffee, or the grounds of coffee</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To restore or bring to a smooth, dry, or
passable condition; -- said of the ground, of roads, and the
like; <as>as, clear weather <ex>settles</ex> the
roads</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To cause to sink; to lower; to depress; hence,
also, to render close or compact; <as>as, to <ex>settle</ex> the
contents of a barrel or bag by shaking it</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To determine, as something which is exposed to
doubt or question; to free from unscertainty or wavering; to make
sure, firm, or constant; to establish; to compose; to quiet;
<as>as, to <ex>settle</ex> the mind when agitated; to
<ex>settle</ex> questions of law; to <ex>settle</ex> the
succession to a throne; to <ex>settle</ex> an
allowance</as>.</def>
<q>It will <qex>settle</qex> the wavering, and confirm the
doubtful.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To adjust, as something in discussion; to make
up; to compose; to pacify; <as>as, to <ex>settle</ex> a
quarrel</as>.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To adjust, as accounts; to liquidate; to
balance; <as>as, to <ex>settle</ex> an account</as>.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>Hence, to pay; <as>as, to <ex>settle</ex> a
bill</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Abbott.</au>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>To plant with inhabitants; to colonize; to
people; <as>as, the French first <ex>settled</ex> Canada; the
Puritans <ex>settled</ex> New England; Plymouth was
<ex>settled</ex> in 1620.</as></def>
<cs><mcol><col>To settle on</col> <or/ <col>upon</col></mcol>,
<cd>to confer upon by permanent grant; to assure to. \'bdI . . .
have <xex>settled upon<xex> him a good annuity.\'b8
<au>Addison</au>.</cd> -- <col>To settle the land</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to cause it to sink, or appear lower, by
receding from it.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To fix; establish; regulate; arrange; compose;
adjust; determine; decide.</syn>
<hw>Set"tle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become
fixed or permanent; to become stationary; to establish one's self
or itself; to assume a lasting form, condition, direction, or the
like, in place of a temporary or changing state.</def>
<q>The wind came about and <qex>settled</qex> in the west.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>Chyle . . . runs through all the intermediate colors until it
<qex>settles</qex> in an intense red.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fix one's residence; to establish a dwelling
place or home; <as>as, the Saxons who <ex>settled</ex> in
Britain</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To enter into the married state, or the state of
a householder.</def>
<q>As people marry now and <qex>settle</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be established in an employment or
profession; <as>as, to <ex>settle</ex> in the practice of
law</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To become firm, dry, and hard, as the ground
after the effects of rain or frost have disappeared; <as>as, the
roads <ex>settled</ex> late in the spring</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To become clear after being turbid or obscure;
to clarify by depositing matter held in suspension; <as>as, the
weather <ex>settled</ex>; wine <ex>settles</ex> by
standing</as>.</def>
<q>A government, on such occasions, is always thick before it
<qex>settles</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To sink to the bottom; to fall to the bottom, as
dregs of a liquid, or the sediment of a reserveir.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To sink gradually to a lower level; to subside,
as the foundation of a house, etc.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To become calm; to cease from agitation.</def>
<q>Till the fury of his highness <qex>settle</qex>,
Come not before him.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>To adjust differences or accounts; to come to
an agreement; <as>as, he has <ex>settled</ex> with his
creditors</as>.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>To make a jointure for a wife.</def>
<q>He sighs with most success that <qex>settles</qex> well.</q>
<qau>Garth.</qau>
<hw>Set"tled*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being settled; confirmed state.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Set"tle*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of setting, or the state of being settled.</def>
Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Establishment in life, in business, condition,
etc.; ordination or installation as pastor.</def>
<q>Every man living has a design in his head upon wealth power,
or <qex>settlement</qex> in the world.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act of peopling, or state of being peopled;
act of planting, as a colony; colonization; occupation by
settlers; as, the <xex>settlement</xex> of a new country</def>.
<-- p. 1319 -->
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The act or process of adjusting or determining;
composure of doubts or differences; pacification; liquidation of
accounts; arrangement; adjustment; <as>as, <ex>settlement</ex> of
a controversy, of accounts, etc.</as></def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Bestowal, or giving possession, under legal
sanction; the act of giving or conferring anything in a formal
and permanent manner</def>.
<q>My flocks, my fields, my woods, my pastures take,
With <qex>settlement</qex> as good as law can make.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A disposition of property for
the benefit of some person or persons, usually through the medium
of trustees, and for the benefit of a wife, children, or other
relatives; jointure granted to a wife, or the act of granting
it</def>.
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which settles, or is settled, established,
or fixed.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Matter that subsides; settlings; sediment;
lees; dregs</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Fuller's earth left a thick <qex>settlement</qex>.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A colony newly established; a place or region
newly settled; <as>as, <ex>settlement</ex> in the
West</as></def>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>That which is bestowed formally and
permanently; the sum secured to a person; especially, a jointure
made to a woman at her marriage; also, in the United States, a
sum of money or other property formerly granted to a pastor in
additional to his salary</def>.
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The gradual
sinking of a building, whether by the yielding of the ground
under the foundation, or by the compression of the joints or the
material.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Fractures or
dislocations caused by settlement.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A settled place of abode;
residence; a right growing out of residence; legal residence or
establishment of a person in a particular parish or town, which
entitles him to maintenance if a pauper, and subjects the parish
or town to his support.</def>
<au>Blackstone. Bouvier.</au>
<cs><col>Act of settlement</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the
statute of 12 and 13 William III, by which the crown was limited
to the present reigning house (the house of Hanover).</cd></cs>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<hw>Set"tler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who settles, becomes fixed, established, etc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, one who establishes himself in a new
region or a colony; a colonist; a planter; <as>as, the first
<ex>settlers</ex> of New England</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which settles or finishes; hence, a blow,
etc., which settles or decides a contest.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A vessel, as a tub, in which something, as
pulverized ore suspended in a liquid, is allowed to settle.</def>
<hw>Set"tling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of one who, or that which, settles; the act of
establishing one's self, of colonizing, subsiding, adjusting,
etc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>That which settles at the
bottom of a liquid; lees; dregs; sediment.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<cs><col>Settling day</col>, <cd>a day for settling accounts, as
in the stock market.</cd></cs>
<hw>Set"-to`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A contest in
boxing, in an argument, or the like.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>\'d8Set"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Setul\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>setula</ets>, <ets>saetula</ets>, dim. of <ets>seta</ets>,
<ets>saeta</ets>, bristle.]</ety> <def>A small, short hair or
bristle; a small seta.</def>
<hw>Set"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Setula</er>.]</ety> <def>A setula.</def>
<hw>Set"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
small bristles or set\'91.</def>
<hw>Set"wall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF.
<er>Cetewale</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant formerly
valued for its restorative qualities (<spn>Valeriana
officinalis</spn>, or <spn>V. Pyrenaica</spn>).</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>setwal</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sev"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>seven</ets>, <ets>seoven</ets>, <ets>seofen</ets>, AS.
<ets>seofon</ets>, <ets>seofan</ets>, <ets>seofen</ets>; akin to
D. <ets>zeven</ets>, OS., Goth., & OHG. <ets>sibun</ets>, G.
<ets>sieben</ets>, Icel. <ets>sjau</ets>, <ets>sj\'94</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sju</ets>, Dan. <ets>syv</ets>, Lith. <ets>septyni</ets>,
Russ. <ets>seme</ets>, W. <ets>saith</ets>, Gael.
<ets>seachd</ets>, Ir. <ets>seacht</ets>, L. <ets>septem</ets>,
Gr. <?/<?/<?/, Skr. <ets>saptan</ets>. <root/305. Cf.
<er>Hebdomad</er>, <er>Heptagon</er>, <er>September</er>.]</ety>
<def>One more than six; six and one added; <as>as, <ex>seven</ex>
days make one week</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Seven sciences</col>. <cd>See the Note under
<er>Science</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Seven
stars</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the Pleiades.</cd> --
<col>Seven wonders of the world</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Wonders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Seven-year apple</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a rubiaceous shrub (<spn>Genipa
clusiifolia</spn>) growing in the West Indies; also, its edible
fruit.</cd> -- <col>Seven-year vine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a tropical climbing plant (<spn>Ipom<oe/a tuberosa</spn>)
related to the morning-glory.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sev"en</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The number
greater by one than six; seven units or objects.</def>
<q>Of every beast, and bird, and insect small,
Game <qex>sevens</qex> and pairs.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbol representing seven units, as 7, or
vii.</def>
<hw>Sev"en*fold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Repeated
seven times; having seven thicknesses; increased to seven times
the size or amount.</def> \'bd<xex>Sevenfold</xex> rage.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sev"en*fold`</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Seven times as much
or as often.</def>
<q>Whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him
<qex>sevenfold</qex>.</q>
<qau>Gen. iv. 15.</qau>
<hw>Seven"night</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A week; any
period of seven consecutive days and nights. See
<er>Sennight</er>.</def>
<hw>Sev"en*score`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & a.</pos>
<def>Seven times twenty, that is, a hundred and forty.</def>
<q>The old Countess of Desmond . . . lived <qex>sevenscore</qex>
years.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<hw>Sev"en-shoot`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
firearm, esp. a pistol, with seven barrels or chambers for
cartridges, or one capable of firing seven shots without
reloading.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Sev"en*teen`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>seventene</ets>, AS. <ets>seofont<ymac/ne</ets>, i. e.,
<ets>seven-ten</ets>. Cf. <er>Seventy</er>.]</ety> <def>One more
than sixteen; ten and seven added; <as>as, <ex>seventeen</ex>
years</as>.</def>
<hw>Sev"en*teen`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The number
greater by one than sixteen; the sum of ten and seven; seventeen
units or objects.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbol denoting seventeen units, as 17, or
xvii.</def>
<hw>Sev"en*teenth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Seventeen</er>: cf. AS. <ets>seofonte\'a2<edh/a</ets>,
<ets>seofonteoge<edh/a</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Next in
order after the sixteenth; coming after sixteen others.</def>
<q>In . . . the <qex>seventeenth</qex> day of the month . . .
were all the fountains of the great deep broken up.</q>
<qau>Gen. vii. 11.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Constituting or being one of seventeen equal
parts into which anything is divided.</def>
<hw>Sev"en*teenth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The next in order after the sixteenth; one coming after
sixteen others.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quotient of a unit divided by seventeen; one
of seventeen equal parts or divisions of one whole.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An interval of two octaves and
a third.</def>
<hw>Sev"enth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Seven</er>: cf. AS. <ets>seofo<edh/a</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Next in order after the sixth;; coming after six
others.</def>
<q>On the <qex>seventh</qex> day, God ended his work which he had
made; and he rested on the <qex>seventh</qex> day from all his
work which he had made.</q>
<qau>Gen. ii. 2.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Constituting or being one of seven equal parts
into which anything is divided; <as>as, the <ex>seventh</ex>
part</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Seventh day</col>, <cd>the seventh day of the week;
Saturday.</cd> -- <col>Seventh-day Baptists</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Baptist</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sev"enth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One next in
order after the sixth; one coming after six others.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quotient of a unit divided by seven; one of
seven equal parts into which anything is divided.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An interval
embracing seven diatonic degrees of the scale.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A chord which includes the interval of a seventh whether
major, minor, or diminished.</def>
<hw>Sev`en-thir"ties</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>A
name given to three several issues of United States Treasury
notes, made during the Civil War, in denominations of $50 and
over, bearing interest at the rate of seven and three tenths
(thirty hundredths) per cent annually. Within a few years they
were all redeemed or funded.</def>
<hw>Sev"enth*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the
seventh place.</def>
<hw>Sev"en*ti*eth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
hund<ets>-seofontigo<edh/a</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Next in
order after the sixty-ninth; <as>as, a man in the
<ex>seventieth</ex> year of his age</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Constituting or being one of seventy equal
parts.</def>
<hw>Sev"en*ti*eth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One next
in order after the sixty-ninth.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quotient of a unit divided by seventy; one
of seventy equal parts or fractions.</def>
<hw>Sev"en*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
hund<ets>-seofontig</ets>. See <er>Seven</er>, and <er>Ten</er>,
and cf. <er>Seventeen</er>, <er>Sixty</er>.]</ety> <def>Seven
times ten; one more than sixty-nine.</def>
<hw>Sev"en*ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Seventies</plw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The sum of seven times
ten; seventy units or objects.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbol representing seventy units, as 70, or
lxx.</def>
<cs><col>The Seventy</col>, <cd>the translators of the Greek
version of the Old Testament called the Septuagint. See
<er>Septuagint</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sev`en*ty-four"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A naval vessel carrying seventy-four
guns.</def>
<hw>Sev"en-up`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The game of cards called
also <altname>all fours</altname>, and <altname>old
sledge</altname>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Sev"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. &. p. p.</pos> <er>Severed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Severing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>sevrer</ets>,
<ets>severer</ets>, to separate, F. <ets>sevrer</ets> to wean,
fr. L. <ets>separare</ets>. See <er>Separate</er>, and cf.
<er>Several</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To separate, as one
from another; to cut off from something; to divide; to part in
any way, especially by violence, as by cutting, rending, etc.;
<as>as, to <ex>sever</ex> the head from the body</as>.</def>
<q>The angels shall come forth, and <qex>sever</qex> the wicked
from among the just.</q>
<qau>Matt. xiii. 49.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut or break open or apart; to divide into
parts; to cut through; to disjoin; <as>as, to <ex>sever</ex> the
arm or leg</as>.</def>
<q>Our state can not be <qex>severed</qex>; we are one.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To keep distinct or apart; to except; to
exempt.</def>
<q>I will <qex>sever</qex> in that day the land of Goshen, in
which my people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be
there.</q>
<qau>Ex. viii. 22.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To disunite; to disconnect; to
terminate; <as>as, to <ex>sever</ex> an estate in joint
tenancy</as>.</def>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<hw>Sev"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To suffer
disjunction; to be parted, or rent asunder; to be separated; to
part; to separate.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a separation or distinction; to
distinguish.</def>
<q>The Lord shall <qex>sever</qex> between the cattle of Israel
and the cattle of Egypt.</q>
<qau>Ex. ix. 4.</qau>
<q>They claimed the right of <qex>severing</qex> in their
challenge.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Sev"er*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being severed.</def>
<au>Encyc. Dict.</au>
<hw>Sev"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF., fr. LL.
<ets>separalis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>separ</ets> separate,
different. See <er>Sever</er>, <er>Separate</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Separate; distinct; particular; single.</def>
<q>Each <qex>several</qex> ship a victory did gain.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Each might his <qex>several</qex> province well command,
Would all but stoop to what they understand.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Diverse; different; various.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>Habits and faculties, <qex>several</qex>, and to be
distinguished.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>Four <qex>several</qex> armies to the field are led.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Consisting of a number more than two, but not
very many; divers; sundry; <as>as, <ex>several</ex> persons were
present when the event took place</as>.</def>
<hw>Sev"er*al</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By itself;
severally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Every kind of thing is laid up <qex>several</qex> in barns or
storehoudses.</q>
<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>
<hw>Sev"er*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Each
particular taken singly; an item; a detail; an individual.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>There was not time enough to hear . . .
The <qex>severals</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Persons oe objects, more than two, but not very
many.</def>
<q><qex>Several</qex> of them neither rose from any conspicuous
family, nor left any behind them.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An inclosed or separate place; inclosure.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They had their <qex>several</qex> for heathen nations, their
<qex>several</qex> for the people of their own nation.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<cs><col>In several</col>, <cd>in a state of separation.
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdWhere pastures <xex>in several<xex>
be.\'b8</cd></cs>
<au>Tusser.</au>
<hw>Sev`er*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Severalities</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>Each
particular taken singly; distinction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sev"er*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
distinguish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sev"er*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Separately;
distinctly; apart from others; individually.</def>
<q>There must be an auditor to check and revise each
<qex>severally</qex> by itself.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Sev"er*al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state of
separation from the rest, or from all others; a holding by
individual right.</def>
<q>Forests which had never been owned in
<qex>severalty</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bancroft.</qau>
<cs><col>Estate in severalty</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an
estate which the tenant holds in his own right, without being
joined in interest with any other person; -- distinguished from
<xex>joint tenancy<xex>, <xex>coparcenary<xex>, and
<xex>common<xex>.</cd></cs>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<hw>Sev"er*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of severing, or the state of being severed;
partition; separation.</def>
<au>Milman.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of dividing; the
singling or severing of two or more that join, or are joined, in
one writ; the putting in several or separate pleas or answers by
two or more disjointly; the destruction of the unity of interest
in a joint estate.</def>
<au>Bouvier.</au>
<hw>Se*vere"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Severer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Severest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>severus</ets>; perhaps akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/ awe, <?/<?/<?/
revered, holy, solemn, Goth. <ets>swikns</ets> innocent, chaste:
cf. F. <ets>s\'82v\'8are</ets>. Cf. <er>Asseverate</er>,
<er>Persevere</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Serious in feeeling
or manner; sedate; grave; austere; not light, lively, or
cheerful.</def>
<q>Your looks alter, as your subject does,
From kind to fierce, from wanton to <qex>severe</qex>.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Very strict in judgment, discipline, or
government; harsh; not mild or indulgent; rigorous; <as>as,
<ex>severe</ex> criticism; <ex>severe</ex> punishment</as>.</def>
\'bdCustody <xex>severe</xex>.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>Come! you are too <qex>severe</qex> a moraler.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Let your zeal, if it must be expressed in anger, be always
more <qex>severe</qex> against thyself than against others.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rigidly methodical, or adherent to rule or
principle; exactly conformed to a standard; not allowing or
employing unneccessary ornament, amplification, etc.; strict; --
said of style, argument, etc.</def> \'bdRestrained by reason and
<xex>severe</xex> principles.\'b8
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<q>The Latin, a most <qex>severe</qex> and compendious
language.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Sharp; afflictive; distressing; violent;
extreme; <as>as, <ex>severe</ex> pain, anguish, fortune;
<ex>severe</ex> cold</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Difficult to be endured; exact; critical;
rigorous; <as>as, a <ex>severe</ex> test</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Strict; grave; austere; stern; morose; rigid; exact;
rigorous; hard; rough; harsh; censorious; tart; acrimonious;
sarcastic; satirical; cutting; biting; keen; bitter; cruel. See
<er>Strict</er>.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Se*vere"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Se*vere"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Se*ver"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Severities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>severitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s\'82v\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The quality or state of being severe.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Gravity or austerity; extreme strictness;
rigor; harshness; <as>as, the <ex>severity</ex> of a reprimand or
a reproof; <ex>severity</ex> of discipline or government;
<ex>severity</ex> of penalties</as></def>. \'bdStrict age, and
sour <xex>severity</xex>.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The quality or power of distressing or paining;
extreme degree; extremity; intensity; inclemency; <as>as, the
<ex>severity</ex> of pain or anguish; the <ex>severity</ex> of
cold or heat; the <ex>severity</ex> of the winter</as></def>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of
punishment; <as>as, <ex>severity</ex> practiced on prisoners of
war</as></def>.
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Exactness; rigorousness; strictness; <as>as,
the <ex>severity</ex> of a test</as></def>.
<q>Confining myself to the <qex>severity</qex> of truth.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sev"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.
corrupted fr. <ets>ciborium</ets>. <ets>Oxf</ets>.
<ets>Gloss</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A bay or
compartment of a vaulted ceiling.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>civery</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sev`o*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sevocare</ets>, <ets>sevocatum</ets>, to call aside.]</ety>
<def>A calling aside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>S\'8a"vres blue`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A very light
blue.</def>
<hw>S\'8a"vres ware`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Porcelain
manufactured at <xex>S\'8avres</xex>, France, ecpecially in the
national factory situated there.</def>
<hw>Sew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE. See
<er>Sewer</er> household officer.]</ety> <def>Juice; gravy; a
seasoned dish; a delicacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Gower.</au>
<q>I will not tell of their strange <qex>sewes</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sew</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sue</er> to
follow.]</ety> <def>To follow; to pursue; to sue.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Sewed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Sewed</er>, rarely <er>Sewn</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sewing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>sewen</ets>, <ets>sowen</ets>, AS.
<ets>si\'a2wian</ets>, <ets>s\'c6wian</ets>; akin to OHG.
<ets>siuwan</ets>, Icel. <ets>s<?/ja</ets>, Sw. <ets>sy</ets>,
Dan. <ets>sye</ets>, Goth. <ets>siujan</ets>, Lith.
<ets>siuti</ets>, Russ, <ets>shite</ets>, L. <ets>ssuere</ets>,
Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, Skr. <ets>siv</ets>. <root/156. Cf.
<er>Seam</er> a suture, <er>Suture</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To unite or fasten together by stitches, as with a needle
and thread.</def>
<q>No man also <qex>seweth</qex> a piece of new cloth on an old
garment.</q>
<qau>Mark ii. 21.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To close or stop by ssewing; -- often with
<xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>sew</ex> up a rip</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To inclose by sewing; -- sometimes with
<xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>sew</ex> money in a bag</as>.</def>
<hw>Sew</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To practice sewing; to work
with needle and thread.</def>
<hw>Sew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[<root/151
<it>b.</it> See <er>Sewer</er> a drain.]</ety> <def>To drain, as
a pond, for taking the fish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Tusser.</au>
<hw>Sew"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
contents of a sewer or drain; refuse liquids or matter carried
off by sewers</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sewerage, 2.</def>
<hw>Sewe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To perform the
duties of a sewer. See 3d <er>Sewer</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sew"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>A scarecrow, generally made of feathers
tied to a string, hung up to prevent deer from breaking into a
place.</def>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Se*wel"lel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of American
Indian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar
gregarious burrowing rodent (<spn>Haplodon rufus</spn>), native
of the coast region of the Northwestern United States. It
somewhat resembles a muskrat or marmot, but has only a
rudimentary tail. Its head is broad, its eyes are small and its
fur is brownish above, gray beneath. It constitutes the family
<spn>Haplodontid\'91</spn>. Called also
<altname>boomer</altname>, <altname>showt'l</altname>, and
<altname>mountain beaver</altname>.</def>
<-- p. 1320 -->
<hw>Sew"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A British trout usually regarded as a variety (var.
<spn>Cambricus</spn>) of the salmon trout.</def>
<hw>Sew"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who sews, or stitches.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small tortricid moth
whose larva sews together the edges of a leaf by means of silk;
<as>as, the apple-leaf <ex>sewer</ex> (<spn>Phoxopteris
nubeculana</spn>)</as></def>
<hw>Sew"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>sewiere</ets>, <ets>seuwiere</ets>, ultimately fr. L.
<ets>ex</ets> out + a derivative of <ets>aqua</ets> water; cf.
OF. <ets>essevour</ets> a drain, <ets>essever</ets>,
<ets>esseuwer</ets>, <ets>essiaver</ets>, to cause to flow, to
drain, to flow, LL. <ets>exaquatorium</ets> a channel through
which water runs off. Cf. <er>Ewer</er>,
<er>Aquarium</er>.]</ety> <def>A drain or passage to carry off
water and filth under ground; a subterraneous channel,
particularly in cities.</def>
<hw>Sew"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>assewer</ets>,
and <ets>asseour</ets>, OF. <ets>asseour</ets>, F.
<ets>asseoir</ets> to seat, to set, L. <ets>assidere</ets> to sit
by; <ets>ad + sedere</ets> to sit (cf. <er>Sit</er>); or cf. OE.
<ets>sew</ets> pottage, sauce, boiled meat, AS.
<ets>se\'a0w</ets> juice, Skr. <ets>su</ets> to press out.]</ety>
<def>Formerly, an upper servant, or household officer, who set on
and removed the dishes at a feast, and who also brought water for
the hands of the guests.</def>
<q>Then the <qex>sewer</qex>
Poured water from a great and golden ewer,
That from their hands to a silver caldron ran.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<hw>Sew"er*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The construction of a sewer or sewers.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The system of sewers in a city, town, etc.; the
general drainage of a city or town by means of sewers.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The material collected in, and discharged by,
sewers.</def> <altsp>[In this sense <asp>sewage</asp> is
preferable and common.]</altsp>
<hw>Sew"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Sewen</er>.</def>
<hw>Sew"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act or occupation of one who sews.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is sewed with the needle.</def>
<cs><col>Sewing horse</col> <fld>(Harness making)</fld>, <cd>a
clamp, operated by the foot, for holding pieces of leather while
being sewed.</cd> -- <col>Sewing machine</col>, <cd>a machine for
sewing or stitching.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sewing press</col>, <or/
<col>Sewing table</col></mcol> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld>, <cd>a
fixture or table having a frame in which are held the cords to
which the back edges of folded sheets are sewed to form a
book.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sew"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
seamstress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Sex-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>sex</ets> six. See
<er>Six</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning
<xex>six</xex>; <as>as, <ex>sex</ex>digitism;
<ex>sex</ex>ennial</as>.</def>
<hw>Sex</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>sexus</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sexe</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The distinguishing
peculiarity of male or female in both animals and plants; the
physical difference between male and female; the assemblage of
properties or qualities by which male is distinguished from
female.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the two divisions of organic beings
formed on the distinction of male and female.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The capability in
plants of fertilizing or of being fertilized; <as>as, staminate
and pistillate flowers are of opposite <ex>sexes</ex></as>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the groups founded on this
distinction.</def>
<cs><col>The sex</col>, <cd>the female sex; women, in
general.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sex`a*ge*na"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sexagenary</er>.]</ety> <def>A person who is sixty years
old.</def>
<hw>Sex*ag"e*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sexagenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>sexageni</ets> sixty each, akin
to <ets>sexaginta</ets> sixty, <ets>sex</ets> six: cf.
<ets>sexag\'82naire</ets>. See <er>Six</er>.]</ety>
<def>Pertaining to, or designating, the number sixty; poceeding
by sixties; sixty years old.</def>
<cs><col>Sexagenary arithmetic</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Sexagesimal</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sexagenary</col>, <or/
<col>Sexagesimal</col>, <col>scale</col></mcol>
<fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a scale of numbers in which the modulus
is sixty. It is used in treating the divisions of the
circle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sex*ag"e*na*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something
composed of sixty parts or divisions.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sexagenarian.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sex`a*ges"i*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fem. of <ets>sexagesimus</ets> sixtieth, fr. <ets>sexaginta</ets>
sixty.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The second Sunday before
Lent; -- so called as being about the sixtieth day before
Easter.</def>
<hw>Sex`a*ges"i*mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sexag\'82simal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or founded
on, the number sixty.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Sexagesimal fractions</col> <or/
<col>numbers</col></mcol> <fld>(Arith. & Alg.)</fld>, <cd>those
fractions whose denominators are some power of sixty; as,
<frac1x60/, <frac1x3600/, <frac1x216000/; -- called also
<altname>astronomical fractions</altname>, because formerly there
were no others used in astronomical calculations.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Sexagesimal</col>, <or/ <col>Sexagenary</col>,
<col>arithmetic</col></mcol>, <cd>the method of computing by the
sexagenary scale, or by sixties.</cd> -- <col>Sexagesimal
scale</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the sexagenary
scale.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sex`a*ges"i*mal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sexagesimal
fraction.</def>
<hw>Sex"an`gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sexangulus</ets> sexangular; <ets>sex</ets> six +
<ets>angulus</ets> angle: cf. F. <ets>sexangle</ets>. Cf.
<er>Hexangular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A
hexagon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Hutton.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sex"an`gled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sex*an"gu*lar</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sexangulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having six angles;
hexagonal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Sex*an"gu*lar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Hexagonally.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sex*av"a*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sexivalent</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sex*dig"it*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sex-</ets> + <ets>digit</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state
of having six fingers on a hand, or six toes on a foot.</def>
<hw>Sex*dig"it*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who has six
fingers on a hand, or six toes on a foot.</def>
<hw>Sexed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to sex;
having sex; distinctively male of female; <as>as, the
<ex>sexed</ex> condition</as>.</def>
<hw>Sex"e*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Proceeding
by sixes; sextuple; -- applied especially to a system of
arithmetical computation in which the base is six.</def>
<hw>Sex*en"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sexennium</ets> a period of six years, <ets>sexennis</ets>
of six years; <ets>sex</ets> six + <ets>annus</ets> a year. See
<er>Six</er>, and <er>Annual</er>.]</ety> <def>Lasting six years,
or happening once in six years.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<def>A sexennial event.</def></def2>
<hw>Sex*en"ni*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Once in six
years.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sex"fid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sex"i*fid</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Sex-</ets> + root
of L. <ets>findere</ets> to split: cf. F.
<ets>sexfide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Six-cleft;
<as>as, a <ex>sexfid</ex> calyx or nectary</as>.</def>
<hw>Sex`i*syl*lab"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sex-</ets> + <ets>syllabic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having
six syllables.</def>
<au>Emerson.</au>
<hw>Sex"i*syl`la*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sex-</ets> + <ets>syllable</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word
of six syllables.</def>
<hw>Sex*iv"a*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sex-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, p. pr. See
<er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(hem.)</fld> <def>Hexavalent.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sex"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no
sex.</def>
<hw>Sex`loc"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sex-</ets> + <ets>locular</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sexloculaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having six
cells for seeds; six-celled; <as>as, a <ex>sexlocular</ex>
pericarp</as>.</def>
<hw>Sex"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to
sex.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Should I ascribe any of these things unto myself or my
<qex>sexly</qex> weakness, I were not worthy to live.</q>
<qau>Queen Elizabeth.</qau>
<hw>Sex*ra"di*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sex-</ets> + <ets>radiate</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having six rays; -- said of certain
sponge spicules. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Spicule</er>.</def>
<hw>Sext</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sexta</ets>, fem. of <ets>sextus</ets> sixtt, fr.
<ets>sex</ets> six: cf. F. <ets>sexte</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The office for the sixth
canonical hour, being a part of the Breviary.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The sixth book of the decretals, added by Pope Boniface
VIII.</def>
<hw>Sex"tain</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>sextus</ets>
sixth, fr. <ets>sex</ets> six: cf. It. <ets>sestina</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A stanza of six lines; a sestine.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sex"tans</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See
<er>Sextant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>
<def>A Roman coin, the sixth part of an as.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation on the
equator south of Leo; the Sextant.</def>
<hw>Sex"tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sextans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, the sixth part of an as,
fr. <ets>sextus</ets> sixth, <ets>sex</ets> six. See
<er>Six</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The
sixth part of a circle.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for measuring angular distances
between objects, -- used esp. at sea, for ascertaining the
latitude and longitude. It is constructed on the same optical
principle as Hadley's quadrant, but usually of metal, with a
nicer graduation, telescopic sight, and its arc the sixth, and
sometimes the third, part of a circle. See
<er>Quadrant</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The constellation
Sextans.</def>
<cs><col>Box sextant</col>, <cd>a small sextant inclosed in a
cylindrical case to make it more portable.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sex"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sextaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>sextarius</ets> the sixth part of a measure, weight, etc.,
fr. <ets>sextus</ets> sixth, <ets>sex</ets> six.]</ety>
<fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An ancient Roman liquid and dry
measure, about equal to an English pint.</def>
<hw>Sex"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>sextonry</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sacristy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sex*tet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sex*tet"to</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Sestet</er>.</def>
<hw>Sex"teyn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sacristan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sex"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sextus</ets> sixth.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of the
sixth degree or order.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A quantic of the sixth
degree.</def></def2>
<hw>Sex"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sextil</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sextus</ets> the sixth, from
<ets>sex</ets> six. See <er>Six</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld>
<def>Measured by sixty degrees; fixed or indicated by a distance
of sixty degrees.</def>
<au>Glanvill.</au>
<hw>Sex"tile</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. aspect
<ets>sextil</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The aspect or
position of two planets when distant from each other sixty
degrees, or two signs. This position is marked thus:
<8star/.</def>
<au>Hutton.</au>
<hw>Sex*til"lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formed
(in imitation of <ets>million</ets>) fr. L. <ets>sextus</ets>
sixth, <ets>sex</ets> six: cf. F. <ets>sextilion</ets>.]</ety>
<def>According to the method of numeration (which is followed
also in the United States), the number expressed by a unit with
twenty-one ciphers annexed. According to the English method, a
million raised to the sixth power, or the number expressed by a
unit with thirty-six ciphers annexed. See
<er>Numeration</er>.</def>
<hw>Sex"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sextos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>sextus</ets>
sixth.]</ety> <def>A book consisting of sheets each of which is
folded into six leaves.</def>
<hw>Sex`to*dec"i*mo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sextus-decimus</ets> the sixteenth; <ets>sextus</ets> the
sixth (fr. <ets>sex</ets> six) + <ets>decimus</ets> the tenth,
from <ets>decem</ets> ten. See <er>-mo</er>.]</ety> <def>Having
sixteen leaves to a sheet; of, or equal to, the size of one fold
of a sheet of printing paper when folded so as to make sixteen
leaves, or thirty-two pages; <as>as, a <ex>sextodecimo</ex>
volume</as>.</def>
<hw>Sex`to*dec"imo</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sextodecimos</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A book
composed of sheets each of which is folded into sixteen leaves;
hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of a book; --
usually written 16mo, or 16<deg/.</def>
<hw>Sex"to*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<def>A double triplet; a group of six equal notes played in the
time of four.</def>
<hw>Sex"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sextein</ets>, contr. fr. <ets>sacristan</ets>.]</ety>
<def>An under officer of a church, whose business is to take care
of the church building and the vessels, vestments, etc.,
belonging to the church, to attend on the officiating clergyman,
and to perform other duties pertaining to the church, such as to
dig graves, ring the bell, etc.</def>
<cs><col>Sexton beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a burying
beetle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sex"ton*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female sexton; a
sexton's wife.</def>
<hw>Sex"ton*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sextonship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ld. Bernes.</au>
<hw>Sex"ton*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a
sexton.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Sex"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sacristy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sex"tu*ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Formed (in
imitation of <ets>quadruple</ets>) fr. L. <ets>sextus</ets>
sixth: cf. F. <ets>sextuple</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Six
times as much; sixfold.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Divisible by six; having six
beats; <as>as, <ex>sixtuple</ex> measure</as>.</def>
<hw>Sex"u*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sexualis</ets>, fr. <ets>sexus</ets> sex: cf. F.
<ets>sexuel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to sex, or the
sexes; distinguishing sex; peculiar to the distinction and office
of male or female; relating to the distinctive genital organs of
the sexes; proceeding from, or based upon, sex; <as>as,
<ex>sexual</ex> characteristics; <ex>sexual</ex> intercourse,
connection, or commerce; <ex>sexual</ex> desire; <ex>sexual</ex>
diseases; <ex>sexual</ex> generation</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sexual dimorphism</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the
condition of having one of the sexes existing in two forms, or
varieties, differing in color, size, etc., as in many species of
butterflies which have two kinds of females.</cd> -- <col>Sexual
method</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a method of classification
proposed by Linn\'91us, founded mainly on difference in number
and position of the stamens and pistils of plants.</cd> --
<col>Sexual selection</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the selective
preference of one sex for certain characteristics in the other,
such as bright colors, musical notes, etc.; also, the selection
which results from certain individuals of one sex having more
opportunities of pairing with the other sex, on account of
greater activity, strength, courage, etc.; applied likewise to
that kind of evolution which results from such sexual
preferences.</cd> <au>Darwin.</au>
<q>In these cases, therefore, natural selection seems to have
acted independently of <qex>sexual selection</qex>.</q>
<qau>A. R. Wallace.</qau>
</cs>
<hw>Sex"u*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One
who classifies plants by the sexual method of Linn\'91us.</def>
<hw>Sex`u*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being distinguished by sex.</def>
<au>Lindley.</au>
<hw>Sex"u*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
attribute sex to.</def>
<hw>Sex"u*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sexual manner or
relation.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Seyh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>, <pos>obs. imp. sing. & 2d pers. pl.</pos> <def>of
<er>See</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Seye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Seyen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>, <pos>obs. imp. pl. & p. p.</pos> <def>of
<er>See</er>.</def>
<hw>Seynd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>obs. p. p.</pos> <def>of
<er>Senge</er>, to singe.</def>
<au> Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Seynt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gridle. See 1st
<er>Seint</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Sfor*zan"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>\'d8Sfor*za"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[It. <ets>sforzando</ets>, p. pr., and <ets>sforzato</ets>,
p. p. of <ets>sforzare</ets> to force.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<def>Forcing or forced; -- a direction placed over a note, to
signify that it must be executed with peculiar emphasis and
force; -- marked <xex>fz</xex> (an abbreviation of
<xex>forzando</xex>), <xex>sf</xex>, <xex>sfz</xex>, or
<?/.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sfu*ma"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Having vague outlines,
and colors and shades so mingled as to give a misty appearance;
-- said of a painting.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sgraf*fi"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Scratched; -- said of
decorative painting of a certain style, in which a white overland
surface is cut or scratched through, so as to form the design
from a dark ground underneath.</def>
<hw>Shab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shabbe</ets>, AS. <ets>sc<?/b</ets>. See
<er>Scab</er>.]</ety> <def>The itch in animals; also, a
scab.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shab</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shabbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shabbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Scab</er>,
3.]</ety> <def>To play mean tricks; to act shabbily.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov.Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shab</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To scratch; to rub.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Farquhar.</au>
<hw>Shab"bed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shabby.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wood.</au>
<hw>Shab"bi*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
shabby manner.</def>
<hw>Shab"bi*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being sghabby.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shab"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shab"ble</hw>
}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[Cf. D. <ets>sabel</ets>, and G.
<ets>s\'84bel</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of crooked sword or
hanger.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Shab"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Shabbier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Shabbiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Shab</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Scabby</er>, and
<er>Scab</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Torn or worn to rage;
poor; mean; ragged.</def>
<q>Wearing <qex>shabby</qex> coats and dirty shirts.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Clothed with ragged, much worn, or soiled
garments.</def> \'bdThe dean was so <xex>shabby</xex>.\'b8
<au>Swift.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Mean; paltry; despicable; <as>as,
<ex>shabby</ex> treatment</as>.</def> \'bdVery <xex>shabby</xex>
fellows.\'b8
<au>Clarendon.</au>
<hw>\'d8Shab"rack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.
<ets>tsh\'bepr\'bek</ets>, whence F. <ets>chabraque</ets>, G.
<ets>shabracke</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The
saddlecloth or housing of a cavalry horse.</def>
<hw>Shack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E., to
shake, to shed. See <er>Shake</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
shed or fall, as corn or grain at harvest.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Grose.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To feed in stubble, or upon waste corn.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To wander as a vagabond or a tramp.</def>
<mark>[Prev.Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>shag</ets>
refuse of barley or oats.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The grain left
after harvest or gleaning; also, nuts which have fallen to the
ground.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Liberty of winter pasturage.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A shiftless fellow; a low, itinerant beggar; a
vagabond; a tramp.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<au>Forby.</au>
<q>All the poor old <qex>shacks</qex> about the town found a
friend in Deacon Marble.</q>
<qau>H. W. Beecher.</qau>
<cs><col>Common of shack</col> <fld>(Eng.Law)</fld>, <cd>the
right of persons occupying lands lying together in the same
common field to turn out their cattle to range in it after
harvest.</cd></cs>
<au>Cowell.</au>
<hw>Shack"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
hound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shac"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stubble.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Pegge.</au>
<hw>Shac"kle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Generally used in the
plural.]</ety> <ety>[OE. <ets>schakkyll</ets>,
<ets>schakle</ets>, AS. <ets>scacul</ets>, <ets>sceacul</ets>, a
shackle, fr. <ets>scacan</ets> to shake; cf. D.
<ets>schakel</ets> a link of a chain, a mesh, Icel.
<ets>sk\'94kull</ets> the pole of a cart. See
<er>Shake</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something which confines
the legs or arms so as to prevent their free motion;
specifically, a ring or band inclosing the ankle or wrist, and
fastened to a similar shackle on the other leg or arm, or to
something else, by a chain or a strap; a gyve; a fetter.</def>
<q>His <qex>shackles</qex> empty left; himself escaped clean.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, that which checks or prevents free
action.</def>
<q>His very will seems to be in bonds and
<qex>shackles</qex>.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fetterlike band worn as an ornament.</def>
<q>Most of the men and women . . . had all earrings made of gold,
and gold <qex>shackles</qex> about their legs and arms.</q>
<qau>Dampier.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A link or loop, as in a chain, fitted with a
movable bolt, so that the parts can be separated, or the loop
removed; a clevis.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A link for connecting railroad cars; -- called
also <altname>drawlink</altname>, <altname>draglink</altname>,
etc.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The hinged and curved bar of a padlock, by which
it is hung to the staple.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<cs><col>Shackle joint</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a joint
formed by a bony ring passing through a hole in a bone, as at the
bases of spines in some fishes.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1321 -->
<hw>Shac"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shackled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shackling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To tie or
confine the limbs of, so as to prevent free motion; to bind with
shackles; to fetter; to chain.</def>
<q>To lead him <qex>shackled</qex>, and exposed to scorn
Of gathering crowds, the Britons' boasted chief.</q>
<qau>J. Philips.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively: To bind or confine so as to
prevent or embarrass action; to impede; to cumber.</def>
<q><qex>Shackled</qex> by her devotion to the king, she seldom
could pursue that object.</q>
<qau>Walpole.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To join by a link or chain, as railroad
cars.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<cs><col>Shackle bar</col>, <cd>the coupling between a locomotive
and its tender.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Shackle
bolt</col></mcol>, <cd>a shackle.</cd></cs>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Shack"lock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sort of
shackle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shack"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaky; rickety.</def>
<mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Shad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sceadda</ets> a kind of fish, akin to Prov. G.
<ets>schade</ets>; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>sgadan</ets> a herring,
W. <ets>ysgadan</ets> herrings; all perhaps akin to E.
<ets>skate</ets> a fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
one of several species of food fishes of the Herring family. The
American species (<spn>Clupea sapidissima</spn>), which is
abundant on the Atlantic coast and ascends the larger rivers in
spring to spawn, is an important market fish. The European allice
shad, or alose (<spn>C. alosa</spn>), and the twaite shad.
(<spn>C. finta</spn>), are less important species.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>chad</asp>.]</altsp>
<note><hand/ The name is loosely applied, also, to several other
fishes, as the gizzard shad (see under <er>Gizzard</er>), called
also <altname>mud shad</altname>, <altname>white-eyed
shad</altname>, and <altname>winter shad</altname>.</note>
<cs><mcol><col>Hardboaded</col>, <or/ <col>Yellow-tailed</col>,
<col>shad</col></mcol>, <cd>the menhaden.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Hickory</col>, <or/ <col>Tailor</col>,
<col>shad</col></mcol>, <cd>the mattowacca.</cd> --
<col>Long-boned shad</col>, <cd>one of several species of
important food fishes of the Bermudas and the West Indies, of the
genus <spn>Gerres</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Shad bush</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to the North American shrubs
or small trees of the rosaceous genus <spn>Amelanchier</spn>
(<spn>A. Canadensis</spn>, and <spn>A. alnifolia</spn>) Their
white racemose blossoms open in April or May, when the shad
appear, and the edible berries (pomes) ripen in June or July,
whence they are called <xex>Juneberries<xex>. The plant is also
called <altname>service tree</altname>, and
<altname>Juneberry</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Shad frog</col>,
<cd>an American spotted frog (<spn>Rana halecina</spn>); -- so
called because it usually appears at the time when the shad begin
to run in the rivers.</cd> -- <col>Trout shad</col>, <cd>the
squeteague.</cd> -- <col>White shad</col>,<cd>the common
shad.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shad"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The American, or
Wilson's, snipe. See under <er>Snipe</er>. So called because it
appears at the same time as the shad.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
common European sandpiper.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shadd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining.)</fld>
<def>Rounded stones containing tin ore, lying at the surface of
the ground, and indicating a vein.</def>
<au>Raymond.</au>
<hw>Shad"de</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>obs. imp.</pos> of
<er>Shed</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shad"dock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Said to be
so called from a Captain <ets>Shaddock</ets>, who first brought
this fruit from the East Indies.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
tree (<spn>Citrus decumana</spn>) and its fruit, which is a large
species of orange; -- called also <altname>forbidden
fruit</altname>, and <altname>pompelmous</altname>.</def>
<hw>Shade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shade</ets>, <ets>shadewe</ets>, <ets>schadewe</ets>, AS.
<ets>sceadu</ets>, <ets>scead</ets>; akin to OS.
<ets>skado</ets>, D. <ets>schaduw</ets>, OHG. <ets>scato</ets>,
(gen. <ets>scatewes</ets>), G. <ets>schatten</ets>, Goth.
<ets>skadus</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>sgath</ets>, and probably to
Gr. <?/<?/<?/ darkness. <root/162. Cf. <er>Shadow</er>,
<er>Shed</er> a hat.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Comparative
obscurity owing to interception or interruption of the rays of
light; partial darkness caused by the intervention of something
between the space contemplated and the source of light.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Shade</xex> differs from <xex>shadow</xex> as
it implies no particular form or definite limit; whereas a
<xex>shadow</xex> represents in form the object which intercepts
the light. When we speak of the <xex>shade</xex> of a tree, we
have no reference to its form; but when we speak of measuring a
pyramid or other object by its <xex>shadow</xex>, we have
reference to its form and extent.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Darkness; obscurity; -- often in the
plural.</def>
<q>The <qex>shades</qex> of night were falling fast.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An obscure place; a spot not exposed to light;
hence, a secluded retreat.</def>
<q>Let us seek out some desolate <qex>shade</qex>, and there
Weep our sad bosoms empty.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which intercepts, or shelters from, light
or the direct rays of the sun; hence, also, that which protects
from heat or currents of air; a screen; protection; shelter;
cover; <as>as, a lamp <ex>shade</ex></as>.</def>
<q>The Lord is thy <qex>shade</qex> upon thy right hand.</q>
<qau>Ps. cxxi. 5.</qau>
<q>Sleep under a fresh tree's <qex>shade</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Let the arched knife well sharpened now assail the spreading
<qex>shades</qex> of vegetables.</q>
<qau>J. Philips.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Shadow.</def> <mark>[Poetic.]</mark>
<q>Envy will merit, as its <qex>shade</qex>, pursue.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The soul after its separation from the body; --
so called because the ancients it to be perceptible to the sight,
though not to the touch; a spirit; a ghost; <as>as, the
<ex>shades</ex> of departed heroes</as>.</def>
<q>Swift as thought the flitting <qex>shade</qex>
Thro' air his momentary journey made.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Painting, Drawing, etc.)</fld> <def>The darker
portion of a picture; a less illuminated part. See Def. 1,
above.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Degree or variation of color, as darker or
lighter, stronger or paler; <as>as, a delicate <ex>shade</ex> of
pink</as>.</def>
<q>White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees, or
<qex>shades</qex> and mixtures, as green only in by the eyes.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>A minute difference or variation, as of thought,
belief, expression, etc.; also, the quality or degree of anything
which is distinguished from others similar by slight differences;
<as>as, the <ex>shades</ex> of meaning in synonyms</as>.</def>
<q>New <qex>shades</qex> and combinations of thought.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<q>Every <qex>shade</qex> of religious and political opinion has
its own headquarters.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<cs><col>The Shades</col>, <cd>the Nether World; the supposed
abode of souls after leaving the body.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shaded</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Shading</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
shelter or screen by intercepting the rays of light; to keep off
illumination from.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>I went to crop the sylvan scenes,
And <qex>shade</qex> our altars with their leafy greens.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to
screen; to hide; <as>as, to <ex>shade</ex> one's eyes</as>.</def>
<q>Ere in our own house I do <qex>shade</qex> my head.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To obscure; to dim the brightness of.</def>
<q>Thou <qex>shad'st</qex>
The full blaze of thy beams.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To pain in obscure colors; to darken.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To mark with gradations of light or color.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To present a shadow or image of; to shadow
forth; to represent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>[The goddess] in her person cunningly did <qex>shade</qex>
That part of Justice which is Equity.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Shade"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of
shade; shady.</def>
<hw>Shade"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being without shade; not
shaded.</def>
<hw>Shad"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, shades.</def>
<hw>Shad"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a shady
manner.</def>
<hw>Shad"i*ness</hw><def>, n. Quality or state of being
shady.</def>
<hw>Shad"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act or process
of making a shade.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That filling up which represents the effect of
more or less darkness, expressing rotundity, projection, etc., in
a picture or a drawing.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sha*doof"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>sh\'bed<?/f</ets>.]</ety> <def>A machine, resembling a well
sweep, used in Egypt for raising water from the Nile for
irrigation.</def>
<hw>Shad"ow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Originally the
same word as <ets>shade</ets>. <root/162. See
<er>Shade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Shade within defined
limits; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on a surface,
and representing the form of the body which intercepts the rays
of light; <as>as, the <ex>shadow</ex> of a man, of a tree, or of
a tower</as>. See the Note under <er>Shade</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
1.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Darkness; shade; obscurity.</def>
<q>Night's sable <qex>shadows</qex> from the ocean rise.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A shaded place; shelter; protection;
security.</def>
<q>In secret <qex>shadow</qex> from the sunny ray,
On a sweet bed of lilies softly laid.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A reflected image, as in a mirror or in
water.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which follows or attends a person or thing
like a shadow; an inseparable companion; hence, an obsequious
follower.</def>
<q>Sin and her <qex>shadow</qex> Death.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A spirit; a ghost; a shade; a phantom.</def>
\'bdHence, horrible <xex>shadow</xex>!\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>An imperfect and faint representation;
adumbration; indistinct image; dim bodying forth; hence, mystical
reprresentation; type.</def>
<q>The law having a <qex>shadow</qex> of good things to come.</q>
<qau>Heb. x. 1.</qau>
<q>[Types] and <qex>shadows</qex> of that destined seed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>A small degree; a shade.</def> \'bdNo
variableness, neither <xex>shadow</xex> of turning.\'b8
<au>James i. 17.</au>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>An uninvited guest coming with one who is
invited.</def> <mark>[A Latinism]</mark>
<au>Nares.</au>
<q>I must not have my board pastered with <qex>shadows</qex>
That under other men's protection break in
Without invitement.</q>
<qau>Massinger.</qau>
<cs><col>Shadow of death</col>, <cd>darkness or gloom like that
caused by the presence or the impending of death.</cd></cs>
<au>Ps. xxiii. 4.</au>
<hw>Shad"ow</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shadowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shadowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shadowen</ets>, AS. <ets>sceadwian</ets>. See <er>adow</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut off light from; to
put in shade; to shade; to throw a shadow upon; to overspead with
obscurity.</def>
<q>The warlike elf much wondered at this tree,
So fair and great, that <qex>shadowed</qex> all the ground.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To conceal; to hide; to screen.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Let every soldier hew him down a bough.
And bear't before him; thereby shall we <qex>shadow</qex>
The numbers of our host.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To protect; to shelter from danger; to
shroud.</def>
<q><qex>Shadoving</qex> their right under your wings of war.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To mark with gradations of light or color; to
shade.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To represent faintly or imperfectly; to
adumbrate; hence, to represent typically.</def>
<q>Augustus is <qex>shadowed</qex> in the person of <?/neas.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To cloud; to darken; to cast a gloom over.</def>
<q>The <qex>shadowed</qex> livery of the burnished sun.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Why sad?
I must not see the face O love thus <qex>shadowed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To attend as closely as a shadow; to follow and
watch closely, especially in a secret or unobserved manner;
<as>as, a detective <ex>shadows</ex> a criminal</as>.</def>
<hw>Shad"ow*i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being shadowy.</def>
<hw>Shad"ow*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Shade, or
gradation of light and color; shading.</def>
<au>Feltham.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A faint representation; an adumbration.</def>
<q>There are . . . in savage theology <qex>shadowings</qex>,
quaint or majestic, of the conception of a Supreme Deity.</q>
<qau>Tylor.</qau>
<hw>Shad"ow*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shadowy; vague.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hooker.</au>
<hw>Shad"ow*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no shadow.</def>
<hw>Shad"ow*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Full of shade or shadows; causing shade or shadow.</def>
\'bd<xex>Shadowy</xex> verdure.\'b8
<au>Fenton.</au>
<q>This <qex>shadowy</qex> desert, unfrequented woods.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, dark; obscure; gloomy; dim.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>shadowy</xex> past.\'b8
<au>Longfellow.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not brightly luminous; faintly light.</def>
<q>The moon . . . with more pleasing light,
<qex>Shadowy</qex> sets off the face things.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Faintly representative; hence, typical.</def>
<q>From <qex>sshadowy</qex> types to truth, from flesh to
spirit.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Unsubstantial; unreal; <as>as, <ex>shadowy</ex>
honor</as>.</def>
<q>Milton has brought into his poems two actors of a
<qex>shadowy</qex>
and fictitious nature, in the persons of Sin and Death.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Sha"drach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A mass of iron on which the operation of
smelting has failed of its intended effect; -- so called from
<xex>Shadrach</xex>, one of the three Hebrews who came forth
unharmed from the fiery furnace of Nebuchadnezzar. (See <au>Dan.
iii. 26, 27</au>.)</def>
<hw>Shad"-spir`it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shadbird</er> <sd>(a)</sd></def>
<hw>Shad"-wait`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lake whitefish; the roundfish. See
<er>Roundfish</er>.</def>
<hw>Shad"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Shadier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Shadiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Abounding in shade or shades; overspread with shade; causing
shade.</def>
<q>The <qex>shady</qex> trees cover him with their shadow.</q>
<qau>Job. xl. 22.</qau>
<q>And Amaryllis fills the <qex>shady</qex> groves.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry
heat.</def>
<q>Cast it also that you may have rooms <qex>shady</qex> for
summer and warm for winter.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to shade or darkness; hence,
unfit to be seen or known; equivocal; dubious or corrupt.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>shady</xex> business.\'b8
<au>London Sat. Rev.</au>
<q><qex>Shady</qex> characters, disreputable, criminal.</q>
<qau>London Spectator.</qau>
<cs><col>On the shady side of</col>, <cd>on the thither side of;
as, <xex>on the shady side of</xex> fifty; that is, more than
fifty.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To keep shady</col>,
<cd>to stay in concealment; also, to be reticent.</cd>
<mark>[Slang]</mark></cs>
<hw>Shaf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Shuffle</er>.]</ety> <def>To hobble or limp; to
shuffle.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shaf"fler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hobbler;
one who limps; a shuffer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sha"fi*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member of
one of the four sects of the Sunnites, or Orthodox Mohammedans;
-- so called from its founder, Mohammed
al-<xex>Shafe\'8b</xex>.</def>
<hw>Shaft</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shaft</ets>, <ets>schaft</ets>, AS. <ets>sceaft</ets>; akin
to D. <ets>schacht</ets>, OHG. <ets>scaft</ets>, G.
<ets>schaft</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>skaft</ets> handle, haft,
Icel. <ets>skapt</ets>, and probably to L. <ets>scapus</ets>, Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, a staff. Probably originally, a
shaven or smoothed rod. Cf. <er>Scape</er>, <er>Scepter</er>,
<er>Shave</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The slender, smooth stem
of an arrow; hence, an arrow.</def>
<q>His sleep, his meat, his drink, is him bereft,
That lean he wax, and dry as is a <qex>shaft</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>A <qex>shaft</qex> hath three principal parts, the stele
[stale], the feathers, and the head.</q>
<qau>Ascham.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The long handle of a spear or similar weapon;
hence, the weapon itself; (<mark>Fig.</mark>) anything regarded
as a shaft to be thrown or darted; <as>as, <ex>shafts</ex> of
light</as>.</def>
<q>And the thunder,
Winged with red lightning and impetuous rage,
Perhaps hath spent his <qex>shafts</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Some kinds of literary pursuits . . . have been attacked with
all the <qex>shafts</qex> of ridicule.</q>
<qau>V. Knox.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which resembles in some degree the stem or
handle of an arrow or a spear; a long, slender part, especially
when cylindrical.</def> Specifically: (a) <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The trunk, stem, or stalk of a plant</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The stem or midrib of a feather</def>.
See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Feather</er>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The
pole, or tongue, of a vehicle; also, a thill</def>. <sd>(d)</sd>
<def>The part of a candlestick which supports its branches.</def>
<q>Thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold . . . his
<qex>shaft</qex>, and his branches, his bowls, his knops, and his
flowers, shall be of the same.</q>
<qau>Ex. xxv. 31.</qau>
<sd>(e)</sd> <def>The handle or helve of certain tools,
instruments, etc., as a hammer, a whip, etc.</def> <sd>(f)</sd>
<def>A pole, especially a Maypole</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Stow</au>. <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The body of a
column; the cylindrical pillar between the capital and base (see
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Column</er>). Also, the part of a
chimney above the roof. Also, the spire of a steeple.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark> <au>Gwilt</au>. <sd>(h)</sd> <def>A
column, an obelisk, or other spire-shaped or columnar
monument</def>.
<q>Bid time and nature gently spare
The <qex>shaft</qex> we raise to thee.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<sd>(i)</sd> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A rod at the end of a
heddle</def>. <sd>(j)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A solid or
hollow cylinder or bar, having one or more journals on which it
rests and revolves, and intended to carry one or more wheels or
other revolving parts and to transmit power or motion; <as>as,
the <ex>shaft</ex> of a steam engine</as></def>. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Countershaft</er>.
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A humming bird
(<spn>Thaumastura cora</spn>) having two of the tail feathers
next to the middle ones very long in the male; -- called also
<altname>cora humming bird</altname>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>schacht</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A well-like excavation in the earth,
perpendicular or nearly so, made for reaching and raising ore,
for raising water, etc.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A long passage for the admission or outlet of
air; an air shaft.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>The chamber of a blast furnace.</def>
<cs><col>Line shaft</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a main shaft of
considerable length, in a shop or factory, usually bearing a
number of pulleys by which machines are driven, commonly by means
of countershafts; -- called also <altname>line</altname>, or
<altname>main line</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Shaft alley</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a passage extending from the engine room
to the stern, and containing the propeller shaft.</cd> --
<col>Shaft furnace</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a furnace, in
the form of a chimney, which is charged at the top and tapped at
the bottom.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shaft"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Furnished with
a shaft, or with shafts; <as>as, a <ex>shafted</ex>
arch</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having a shaft; -- applied to
a spear when the head and the shaft are of different
tinctures.</def>
<hw>Shaft"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Shafts,
collectivelly; a system of connected shafts for communicating
motion.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shaft"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shaft"ment</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sceaftmund</ets>.]</ety> <def>A measure of about six
inches.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<-- p. 1322 -->
<hw>Shag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sceacga</ets> a bush of hair; akin to Icel. <ets>skegg</ets>
the beard, Sw. <ets>sk\'84gg</ets>, Dan. <ets>skj<?/g</ets>. Cf.
<er>Schock</er> of hair.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Coarse hair or
nap; rough, woolly hair.</def>
<q>True Witney broadcloth, with its <qex>shag</qex> unshorn.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of cloth having a long, coarse nap.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A kind of prepared tobacco cut
fine.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of
cormorant.</def>
<hw>Shag</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hairy; shaggy.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shagged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shagging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make hairy or
shaggy; hence, to make rough.</def>
<q><qex>Shag</qex> the green zone that bounds the boreal
skies.</q>
<qau>J. Barlow.</qau>
<-- (Sport) To chase, as (a) to chase and return balls hit out
of bounds. (b) (Baseball) to catch fly balls for practise. -->
<hw>Shag"bark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A rough-barked species of hickory (<spn>Carya alba</spn>),
its nut. Called also <spn>shellbark</spn>. See
<er>Hickory</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The West Indian
<spn>Pithecolobium micradenium</spn>, a legiminous tree with a
red coiled-up pod.</def>
<hw>Shage"bush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sackbut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shag"ged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaggy;
rough.</def> <au>Milton</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Shag"ged*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> <au>Dr. H.
More.</au></wordforms>
<hw>Shag"gi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being shaggy; roughness; shaggedness.</def>
<hw>Shag"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Shaggier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Shaggiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Shag</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Rough with long hair or
wool.</def>
<q>About his shoulders hangs the <qex>shaggy</qex> skin.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rough; rugged; jaggy.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>[A rill] that winds unseen beneath the <qex>shaggy</qex>
fell.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>
<hw>Shag"-haired`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
shaggy hair.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shag"-rag`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The unkempt
and ragged part of the community.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or
Slang.]</mark>
<au>R. Browning.</au>
<hw>Sha*green"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
chagrin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sha*green"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>chagrin</ets>,
It. <ets>zigrino</ets>, fr. Turk. <ets>saghri</ets> the back of a
horse or other beast of burden, shagreen. Cf.
<er>Chagrin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of untanned
leather prepared in Russia and the East, from the skins of
horses, asses, and camels, and grained so as to be covered with
small round granulations. This characteristic surface is produced
by pressing small seeds into the grain or hair side when moist,
and afterward, when dry, scraping off the roughness left between
them, and then, by soaking, causing the portions of the skin
which had been compressed or indented by the seeds to swell up
into relief. It is used for covering small cases and boxes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The skin of various small sharks and other
fishes when having small, rough, bony scales. The dogfishes of
the genus <spn>Scyllium</spn> furnish a large part of that used
in the arts.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sha*green"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sha*greened"</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Made or
covered with the leather called shagreen.</def> \'bdA
<xex>shagreen</xex> case of lancets.\'b8
<au>T. Hook.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Covered with rough scales
or points like those on shagreen.</def>
<hw>Shah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.
<ets>sh\'beh</ets> a king, sovereign, prince. Cf.
<er>Checkmate</er>, <er>Chess</er>, <er>Pasha</er>.]</ety>
<def>The title of the supreme ruler in certain Eastern countries,
especially Persia.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>schah</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Shah Nameh</col>. <ety>[Per., Book of Kings.]</ety>
<cd>A celebrated historical poem written by Firdousi, being the
most ancient in the modern Persian language.</cd></cs>
<au>Brande & C.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sha*hin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>sh\'beh\'c6n</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
large and swift Asiatic falcon (<spn>Falco pregrinator</spn>)
highly valued in falconry.</def>
<hw>Shaik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sheik</er>.</def>
<hw>Shail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>sceolh</ets> squinting, Icel. <ets>skj\'begr</ets> wry,
oblique, Dan. <ets>skele</ets> to squint.]</ety> <def>To walk
sidewise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<hw>Shake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>obs. p. p.</pos> of
<er>Shake</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shake</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos>
<er>Shook</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Shaken</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>, (<er>Shook</er>, <mark>obs.</mark>); <pos>p. pr. &
vb. n.</pos> <er>Shaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shaken</ets>, <ets>schaken</ets>, AS. <ets>scacan</ets>,
<ets>sceacan</ets>; akin to Icel. & Sw. <ets>skaka</ets>, OS.
<ets>skakan</ets>, to depart, to flee. <root/161. Cf.
<er>Shock</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
move with quick or violent vibrations; to move rapidly one way
and the other; to make to tremble or shiver; to agitate.</def>
<q>As a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is
<qex>shaken</qex> of a mighty wind.</q>
<qau>Rev. vi. 13.</qau>
<q>Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels
That <qex>shake</qex> heaven's basis.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To move from firmness; to weaken the
stability of; to cause to waver; to impair the resolution
of.</def>
<q>When his doctrines grew too strong to be <qex>shook</qex> by
his enemies, they persecuted his reputation.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<q>Thy equal fear that my firm faith and love
Can by his fraud be <qex>shaken</qex> or seduced.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To give a tremulous tone to;
to trill; <as>as, to <ex>shake</ex> a note in music</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To move or remove by agitating; to throw off by
a jolting or vibrating motion; to rid one's self of; -- generally
with an adverb, as <xex>off</xex>, <xex>out</xex>, etc.; <as>as,
to <ex>shake</ex> fruit down from a tree</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Shake</qex> off the golden slumber of repose.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>'Tis our fast intent
To <qex>shake</qex> all cares and business from our age.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>I could scarcely <qex>shake</qex> him out of my company.</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<cs><col>To shake a cask</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to knock a
cask to pieces and pack the staves.</cd> -- <col>To shake
hands</col>, <cd>to perform the customary act of civility by
clasping and moving hands, as an expression of greeting,
farewell, good will, agreement, etc.</cd> -- <col>To shake out a
reef</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to untile the reef points and
spread more canvas.</cd> -- <col>To shake the bells</col>.
<cd>See under <er>Bell</er>.</cd> -- <col>To shake the
sails</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to luff up in the wind,
causing the sails to shiver. <au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au></cd></cs>
<hw>Shake</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be agitated with a
waving or vibratory motion; to tremble; to shiver; to quake; to
totter.</def>
<q>Under his burning wheels
The steadfast empyrean <qex>shook</qex> throughout,
All but the throne itself of God.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>What danger? Who 's that that <qex>shakes</qex> behind
there?</q>
<qau>Beau & FL.</qau>
<cs><col>Shaking piece</col>, <cd>a name given by butchers to the
piece of beef cut from the under side of the neck. See
<xex>Illust<xex>. of <er>Beef</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act or result of shaking; a vacillating or wavering motion; a
rapid motion one way and other; a trembling, quaking, or
shivering; agitation.</def>
<q>The great soldier's honor was composed
Of thicker stuff, which could endure a <qex>shake</qex>.</q>
<qau>Herbert.</qau>
<q>Our salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of
many kind <qex>shakes</qex> of the hand.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fissure or crack in timber, caused by its
being dried too suddenly.</def>
<au>Gwilt.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fissure in rock or earth.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A rapid alternation of a
principal tone with another represented on the next degree of the
staff above or below it; a trill.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the staves of a
hogshead or barrel taken apart.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A shook of staves and headings.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The redshank; -- so called
from the nodding of its head while on the ground.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<cs><col>No great shakes</col>, <cd>of no great importance.
<mark>[Slang]</mark> <au>Byron</au>.</cd> -- <col>The
shakes</col>, <cd>the fever and ague.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.
U.S.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Shake"down`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A temporary
substitute for a bed, as one made on the floor or on chairs; --
perhaps originally from the shaking down of straw for this
purpose.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<-- shake down, v. t. subject to extortion. -->
<hw>Shake"fork`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fork for
shaking hay; a pitchfork.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shak"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Caused to shake; agitated; <as>as, a <ex>shaken</ex>
bough</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cracked or checked; split. See <er>Shake</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>
<q>Nor is the wood <qex>shaken</qex> or twisted.</q>
<qau>Barroe.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Impaired, as by a shock.</def>
<hw>Shak"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
person or thing that shakes, or by means of which something is
shaken.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of a religious sect who do not marry,
popularly so called from the movements of the members in dancing,
which forms a part of their worship.</def>
<note><hand/ The sect originated in England in 1747, and came to
the United States in 1774, under the leadership of Mother Ann
Lee. The Shakers are sometimes nicknamed <xex>Shaking
Quakers</xex>, but they differ from the Quakers in doctrine and
practice. They style themselves the \'bdUnited Society of
Believers in Christ's Second Appearing.\'b8 The sect is now
confined in the United States.</note>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of pigeon.</def>
<au>P. J. Selby.</au>
<hw>Shak"er*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female Shaker.</def>
<hw>Shak"er*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Doctrines
of the Shakers.</def>
<hw>Shake*spear"e*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,
pertaining to, or in the style of, Shakespeare or his
works.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Shakespearian</asp>,
<asp>Shakspearean</asp>, <asp>Shakspearian</asp>,
<asp>Shaksperean</asp>, <asp>Shaksperian</asp>.etc.]</altsp>
<hw>Shak"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of
being shaky.</def>
<hw>Shak"ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Deck sweepings, refuse of cordage,
canvas, etc.</def>
<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>
<hw>Shak"o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hung.
<ets>cs\'a0k\'a2</ets>: cf. F. <ets>shako</ets>,
<ets>schako</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of military cap or
headress.</def>
<hw>Shak"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Shakier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Shakiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Shaking or trembling; <as>as, a <ex>shaky</ex> spot in a
marsh; a <ex>shaky</ex> hand</as>.</def>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full of shakes or cracks; cracked; <as>as,
<ex>shaky</ex> timber</as>.</def>
<au>Gwilt.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Easily shaken; tottering; unsound; <as>as, a
<ex>shaky</ex> constitution; <ex>shaky</ex> business
credit</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Shale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scealy</ets>, <ets>scalu</ets>. See <er>Scalme</er>, and cf.
<er>Shell</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A shell or husk; a cod or
pod.</def> \'bdThe green <xex>shales</xex> of a bean.\'b8
<au>Chapman.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[G. <ets>shale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>
<def>A fine-grained sedimentary rock of a thin, laminated, and
often friable, structure.</def>
<cs><col>Bituminous shale</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Bituminous</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shale</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To take off the shell or
coat of; to shell.</def>
<q>Life, in its upper grades, was bursting its shell, or was
<qex>shaling</qex> off its husk.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Shall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & auxiliary.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Should</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>shal</ets>,
<ets>schal</ets>, imp. <ets>sholde</ets>, <ets>scholde</ets>, AS.
<ets>scal</ets>, <ets>sceal</ets>, I am obliged, imp.
<ets>scolde</ets>, <ets>sceolde</ets>, inf. <ets>sculan</ets>;
akin to OS. <ets>skulan</ets>, pres. <ets>skal</ets>, imp.
<ets>skolda</ets>, D. <ets>zullen</ets>, pres. <ets>zal</ets>,
imp. <ets>zoude</ets>, <ets>zou</ets>, <ets>OHG</ets>.
<ets>solan</ets>, <ets>scolan</ets>, <ets>pres</ets>.
<ets>scal</ets>, <ets>sol</ets>. <ets>imp</ets>.
<ets>scolta</ets>, <ets>solta</ets>, <ets>G</ets>.
<ets>sollen</ets>, pres. <ets>soll</ets>, imp. <ets>sollte</ets>,
Icel. <ets>skulu</ets>, pres. <ets>skal</ets>, imp. skyldi, SW.
<ets>skola</ets>, pres. <ets>skall</ets>, imp. skulle, Dan.
<ets>skulle</ets>, pres. <ets>skal</ets>, imp. <ets>skulde</ets>,
Goth. <ets>skulan</ets>, pres. <ets>skal</ets>, imp.
<ets>skulda</ets>, and to AS. <ets>scyld</ets> guilt, G.
<ets>schuld</ets> guilt, fault, debt, and perhaps to L.
<ets>scelus</ets> crime.]</ety> <note>[<xex>Shall</xex> is
defective, having no infinitive, imperative, or
participle.]</note> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To owe; to be under
obligation for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdBy the faith I
<xex>shall</xex> to God\'b8
<au>Court of Love.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be obliged; must.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdMe athinketh [I am sorry] that I <xex>shall</xex> rehearse it
her.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>As an auxiliary, <xex>shall</xex> indicates a
duty or necessity whose obligation is derived from the person
speaking; <as>as, you <ex>shall</ex> go; he <xex>shall</xex> go;
that is, I order or promise your going. It thus ordinarily
expresses, in the second and third persons, a command, a threat,
or a promise. If the auxillary be emphasized, the command is made
more imperative, the promise or that more positive and sure. It
is also employed in the language of prophecy; <as>as, \'bdthe day
<ex>shall</ex> come when</as> . . . , \'b8 since a promise or
threat and an authoritative prophecy nearly coincide in
significance. In <xex>shall</xex> with the first person, the
necessity of the action is sometimes implied as residing
elsewhere than in the speaker; <as>as, I <ex>shall</ex> suffer;
we <xex>shall</xex> see; and there is always a less distinct and
positive assertion of his volition than is indicated by
<xex>will</xex>. \'bdI <xex>shall</xex> go\'b8 implies nearly a
simple futurity; more exactly, a foretelling or an expectation of
my going, in which, naturally enough, a certain degree of plan or
intention may be included; emphasize the <xex>shall</xex>, and
the event is described as certain to occur, and the expression
approximates in meaning to our emphatic \'bdI <xex>will</xex>
go.\'b8 In a question, the relation of speaker and source of
obligation is of course transferred to the person addressed; as,
\'bd<xex>Shall</xex> you go?\'b8 (answer, \'bdI <xex>shall</xex>
go\'b8); \'bd<xex>Shall</xex> he go?\'b8 <it>i. e.</it>, \'bdDo
you require or promise his going?\'b8 (answer, \'bdHe
<xex>shall</xex> go\'b8.) The same relation is transferred to
either second or third person in such phrases as \'bdYou say, or
think, you <xex>shall</xex> go;\'b8 \'bdHe says, or thinks, he
<xex>shall</xex> go.\'b8 After a conditional conjunction (as
<xex>if</xex>, whether) <xex>shall</xex> is used in all persons
to express futurity simply; <as>as, if I, you, or he
<ex>shall</ex> say they are right</as>. <xex>Should</xex> is
everywhere used in the same connection and the same senses as
<xex>shall</xex>, as its imperfect. It also expresses duty or
moral obligation; <as>as, he <ex>should</ex> do it whether he
will or not</as>. In the early English, and hence in our English
Bible, <ex>shall</ex> is the auxiliary mainly used, in all the
persons, to express simple futurity. (Cf. <er>Will</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>) <ex>Shall</ex> may be used elliptically; thus, with an
adverb or other word expressive of motion <xex>go</xex> may be
omitted.</def> \'bdHe to England <xex>shall</xex> along with
you.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<note><hand/ <xex>Shall</xex> and <xex>will</xex> are often
confounded by inaccurate speakers and writers. Say: I
<xex>shall</xex> be glad to see you. <xex>Shall</xex> I do this?
<xex>Shall</xex> I help you? (not <xex>Will</xex> I do this?) See
<er>Will</er>.</note>
<hw>Shal"li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Challis</er>.</def>
<hw>Shal"lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>An evergreen shrub (<spn>Gaultheria Shallon</spn>) of
Northwest America; also, its fruit. See
<er>Salal-berry</er>.</def>
<hw>Shal*loon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>chalon</ets>, from <ets>Ch\'83lons</ets>, in France, where
it was first made.]</ety> <def>A thin, loosely woven, twilled
worsted stuff.</def>
<q>In blue <qex>shalloon</qex> shall Hannibal be clad.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Shal"lop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>chaloupe</ets>, probably from D. <ets>sloep</ets>. Cf.
<er>Sloop</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A boat.</def>
<q>[She] thrust the <qex>shallop</qex> from the floating
strand.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<note><hand/ The term <xex>shallop</xex> is applied to boats of
all sizes, from a light canoe up to a large boat with masts and
sails.</note>
<hw>Shal*lot"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>eschalote</ets> (for <ets>escalone</ets>), F.
<ets>\'82chalote</ets>. See <er>Scallion</er>, and cf.
<er>Eschalot</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small kind of
onion (<spn>Allium Ascalonicum</spn>) growing in clusters, and
ready for gathering in spring; a scallion, or eschalot.</def>
<hw>Shal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Shallower</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Shallowest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schalowe</ets>, probably originally, sloping or shelving;
cf. Icel. <ets>skj\'belgr</ets> wry, squinting, AS.
<ets>sceolh</ets>, D. & G. <ets>scheel</ets>, OHG.
<ets>schelah</ets>. Cf. <er>Shelve</er> to slope, <er>Shoal</er>
shallow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not deep; having little depth;
shoal.</def> \'bd<xex>Shallow</xex> brooks, and rivers wide.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not deep in tone.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The sound perfecter and not so <qex>shallow</qex> and
jarring.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not intellectually deep; not profound; not
penetrating deeply; simple; not wise or knowing; ignorant;
superficial; <as>as, a <ex>shallow</ex> mind; <ex>shallow</ex>
learning</as>.</def>
<q>The king was neither so <qex>shallow</qex>, nor so ill
advertised, as not to perceive the intention of the French
king.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>Deep versed in books, and <qex>shallow</qex> in himself.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Shal"low</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place in a
body of water where the water is not deep; a shoal; a flat; a
shelf.</def>
<q>A swift stream is not heard in the channel, but upon
<qex>shallows</qex> of gravel.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>Dashed on the <qex>shallows</qex> of the moving sand.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The rudd.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shal"low</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make shallow.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Shal"low</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become shallow, as
water.</def>
<hw>Shal"low-bod`ied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having a moderate depth of hold; -- said
of a vessel.</def>
<hw>Shal"low-brained`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Weak
in intellect; foolish; empty-headed.</def>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Shal"low-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Incapable of deep feeling.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Shal"low*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a shallow
manner.</def>
<hw>Shal"low*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being shallow.</def>
<hw>Shal"low-pat`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Shallow-brained.</def>
<hw>Shal"low-waist`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having a flush deck, or with only a
moderate depression amidships; -- said of a vessel.</def>
<hw>Shalm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shawm</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Knolles.</au>
<hw>Shalt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>2d per. sing.</pos> of
<er>Shall</er>.</def>
<hw>Shal"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling shale
in structure.</def>
<hw>Sham</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Originally the
same word as <ets>shame</ets>, hence, a disgrace, a trick. See
<er>Shame</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which
deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes
and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture,
humbug.</def> \'bdA mere <xex>sham</xex>.\'b8
<au>Bp. Stillingfleet.</au>
<q>Believe who will the solemn <qex>sham</qex>, not I.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A false front, or removable ornamental
covering.</def>
<cs><col>Pillow sham</col>, <cd>a covering to be laid on a
pillow.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sham</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>False; counterfeit; pretended;
feigned; unreal; <as>as, a <ex>sham</ex> fight</as>.</def>
<q>They scorned the <qex>sham</qex> independence proffered to
them by the Athenians.</q>
<qau>Jowett (Thucyd)</qau>
<hw>Sham</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shammed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shamming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.</def>
<q>Fooled and <qex>shammed</qex> into a conviction.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To obtrude by fraud or imposition.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>We must have a care that we do not . . . <qex>sham</qex>
fallacies upon the world for current reason.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To assume the manner and character of; to
imitate; to ape; to feign.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>To sham Abram</col> <or/
<col>Abraham</col></mcol>, <cd>to feign sickness; to malinger.
Hence a malingerer is called, in sailors' cant, <xex>Sham
Abram<xex>, or <xex>Sham Abraham<xex>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sham</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make false pretenses; to
deceive; to feign; to impose.</def>
<q>Wondering . . . whether those who lectured him were such fools
as they professed to be, or were only <qex>shamming</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Sha"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.
<ets>sh\'bem\'be</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
saxicoline singing bird (<spn>Kittacincla macroura</spn>) of
India, noted for the sweetness and power of its song. In
confinement it imitates the notes of other birds and various
animals with accuracy. Its head, neck, back, breast, and tail are
glossy black, the rump white, the under parts chestnut.</def>
<hw>Sha"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the
native name.]</ety> <def>A priest of Shamanism; a wizard among
the Shamanists.</def>
<-- p. 1323 -->
<hw>Sha*man"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Shamanism.</def>
<hw>Sha"man*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The type of
religion which once prevalied among all the Ural-Altaic peoples
(Tungusic, Mongol, and Turkish), and which still survives in
various parts of Northern Asia. The Shaman, or wizard priest,
deals with good as well as with evil spirits, especially the good
spirits of ancestors.</def>
<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>
<hw>Sha"man*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An adherent of
Shamanism.</def>
<hw>Sham"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schamel</ets> a bench, stool, AS. <ets>scamel</ets>,
<ets>sceamol</ets>, a bench, form, stool, fr. L.
<ets>scamellum</ets>, dim. of <ets>scamnum</ets> a bench,
stool.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>One of a
succession of niches or platforms, one above another, to hold ore
which is thrown successively from platform to platform, and thus
raised to a higher level.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A place where butcher's meat is
sold.</def>
<q>As summer flies are in the <qex>shambles</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A place for slaughtering
animals for meat.</def>
<q>To make a <qex>shambles</qex> of the parliament house.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sham"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shambled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shambling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.
OD. <ets>schampelen</ets> to slip, <ets>schampen</ets> to slip
away, escape. Cf. <er>Scamble</er>, <er>Scamper</er>.]</ety>
<def>To walk awkwardly and unsteadily, as if the knees were weak;
to shuffle along.</def>
<hw>Sham"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Characterized by an awkward, irregular pace; <as>as, a
<ex>shambling</ex> trot; <ex>shambling</ex> legs.</as></def>
<hw>Sham"bling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An awkward, irregular
gait.</def>
<hw>Shame</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shame</ets>, <ets>schame</ets>, AS. <ets>scamu</ets>,
<ets>sceamu</ets>; akin to OS. & OHG. <ets>scama</ets>, G.
<ets>scham</ets>, Icel. <ets>sk\'94mm</ets>, <ets>shkamm</ets>,
Sw. & Dan. <ets>skam</ets>, D. & G. <ets>schande</ets>, Goth.
<ets>skanda</ets> shame, <ets>skaman sik</ets> to be ashamed;
perhaps from a root <ets>skam</ets> meaning to cover, and akin to
the root (<ets>kam</ets>) of G. <ets>hemd</ets> shirt, E.
<ets>chemise</ets>. Cf. <er>Sham</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt or
impropriety, or of having done something which injures
reputation, or of the exposure of that which nature or modesty
prompts us to conceal.</def>
<q>HIde, for <qex>shame</qex>,
Romans, your grandsires' images,
That blush at their degenerate progeny.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Have you no modesty, no maiden <qex>shame</qex>?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reproach incurred or suffered; dishonor;
ignominy; derision; contempt.</def>
<q>Ye have borne the <qex>shame</qex> of the heathen.</q>
<qau>Ezek. xxxvi. 6.</qau>
<q>Honor and <qex>shame</qex> from no condition rise.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>And every woe a tear can claim
Except an erring sister's <qex>shame</qex>.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The cause or reason of shame; that which brings
reproach, and degrades a person in the estimation of others;
disgrace.</def>
<q>O C<?/sar, what a wounding <qex>shame</qex> is this!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Guides who are the <qex>shame</qex> of religion.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The parts which modesty requires to be covered;
the private parts.</def>
<au>Isa. xlvii. 3.</au>
<cs><col>For shame!</col> <cd>you should be ashamed; shame on
you!</cd> -- <col>To put to shame</col>, <cd>to cause to feel
shame; to humiliate; to disgrace.</cd> \'bdLet them be driven
backward and <xex>put to shame<xex> that wish me evil.\'b8</cs>
<au>Ps. xl. 14.</au>
<hw>Shame</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shamed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shaming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make ashamed;
to excite in (a person) a comsciousness of guilt or impropriety,
or of conduct derogatory to reputation; to put to shame.</def>
<q>Were there but one righteous in the world, he would . . .
<qex>shame</qex> the world, and not the world him.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover with reproach or ignominy; to dishonor;
to disgrace.</def>
<q>And with foul cowardice his carcass <qex>shame</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To mock at; to deride.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
R.]</mark>
<q>Ye have <qex>shamed</qex> the counsel of the poor.</q>
<qau>Ps. xiv. 6.</qau>
<hw>Shame</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>scamian</ets>,
<ets>sceamian</ets>. See <er>Shame</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<def>To be ashamed; to feel shame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>I do <qex>shame</qex>
To think of what a noble strain you are.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Shame"faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>shamefast</ets>; AS. <ets>scamf<?/st</ets>. See
<er>Shame</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and <er>Fast</er> firm.]</ety>
<def>Easily confused or put out of countenance; diffident;
bashful; modest.</def>
<q>Your <qex>shamefaced</qex> virtue shunned the people's
prise.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Shamefaced</xex> was once <xex>shamefast</xex>,
<xex>shamefacedness</xex> was <xex>shamefastness</xex>, like
<xex>steadfast</xex> and <xex>steadfastness</xex>; but the
ordinary manifestations of shame being by the face, have brought
it to its present orthography.
<au>Trench.</au>
</note>
-- <wordforms><wf>Shame"faced</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Shame"faced`ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Shame"fast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scamf<ae/st</ets>.]</ety> <def>Modest; shamefaced.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Shame"fast*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Shame"fast*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
See <er>Shamefaced</er>.</wordforms>
<q><qex>Shamefast</qex> she was in maiden
<qex>shamefastness</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>[Conscience] is a blushing <qex>shamefast</qex> spirit.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Modest apparel with <qex>shamefastness</qex>.</q>
<qau>1 Tim. ii. 9 (Rev. Ver.).</qau>
<hw>Shame"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Bringing shame or disgrace; injurious to reputation;
disgraceful.</def>
<q>His naval preparations were not more surprising than his quick
and <qex>shameful</qex> retreat.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exciting the feeling of shame in others;
indecent; <as>as, a <ex>shameful</ex> picture; a
<ex>shameful</ex> sight.</as></def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Disgraceful; reproachful; indecent; unbecoming;
degrading; scandalous; ignominious; infamous.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Shame"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Shame"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Shame"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scamle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Destitute of
shame; wanting modesty; brazen-faced; insensible to
disgrace.</def> \'bdSuch <xex>shameless</xex> bards we have.\'b8
<au>Pope.</au>
<q>Shame enough to shame thee, wert thou not
<qex>shameless</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Indicating want of modesty, or sensibility to
disgrace; indecent; <as>as, a <ex>shameless</ex> picture or
poem</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Impudent; unblushing; audacious; immodest; indecent;
indelicate.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Shame"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Shame"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Shame"-proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Shameless.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sham"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, disgraces, or makes ashamed.</def>
<au>Beau & Fl.</au>
<hw>Sham"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who shams;
an impostor.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>Sham"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>chamious</ets> a chamois, shammy leather. See
<er>Chamois</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The chamois.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A soft, pliant leather, prepared originally from
the skin of the chamois, but now made also from the skin of the
sheep, goat, kid, deer, and calf. See <er>Shamoying</er>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>chamois</asp>, <asp>shamoy</asp>, and
<asp>shamois</asp>.]</altsp>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sham"ois</hw>, <hw>Sham"oy</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Shammy</er>.</def>
<hw>Sha*moy"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Shammy</er>.]</ety> <def>A process used in preparing certain
kinds of leather, which consists in frizzing the skin, and
working oil into it to supply the place of the astringent
(tannin, alum, or the like) ordinarily used in tanning.</def>
<hw>Sham*poo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shampooed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shampooing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Hind.
<ets>ch\'bempn\'be</ets> to press, to squeeze.]</ety>
<altsp>[Writing also <asp>champoo</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To press or knead the whole surface of the body of (a
person), and at the same time to stretch the limbs and joints, in
connection with the hot bath.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wash throughly and rub the head of (a
person), with the fingers, using either soap, or a soapy
preparation, for the more thorough cleansing.</def>
<hw>Sham*poo"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
shampooing.</def>
<hw>Sham*poo"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
shampoos.</def>
<hw>Sham"rock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>seamrog</ets>, <ets>seamar</ets>, trefoil, white clover,
white honeysuckle; akin to Gael. <ets>seamrag</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A trifoliate plant used as a national
emblem by the Irish. The legend is that St. Patrick once plucked
a leaf of it for use in illustrating the doctrine of the
trinity.</def>
<note><hand/ The original plant was probably a kind of wood
sorrel (<spn>Oxalis Acetocella</spn>); but now the name is given
to the white clover (<spn>Trifolium repens</spn>), and the black
medic (<spn>Medicago lupulina</spn>).</note>
<hw>Shan"dry*dan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A jocosely
depreciative name for a vehicle.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>
<hw>Shan"dy*gaff</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
mixture of strong beer and ginger beer</def>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shang`hai"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shanghaied</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shanghaiing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To intoxicate and ship (a
person) as a sailor while in this condition.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>shanghae</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Slang,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Shang`hai"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and tall breed of domestic
fowl.</def>
<hw>Shank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Chank</er>.</def>
<hw>Shank</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>shanke</ets>,
<ets>schanke</ets>, <ets>schonke</ets>, AS. <ets>scanca</ets>,
<ets>sceanca</ets>, <ets>sconca</ets>, <ets>sceonca</ets>; akin
to D. <ets>schonk</ets> a bone, G. <ets>schenkel</ets> thigh,
shank, <ets>schinken</ets> ham, OHG. <ets>scincha</ets> shank,
Dan. & Sw. <ets>skank</ets>. <root/161. Cf. <er>Skink</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The part of the leg from
the knee to the foot; the shin; the shin bone; also, the whole
leg.</def>
<q>His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk <qex>shank</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, that part of an instrument, tool, or
other thing, which connects the acting part with a handle or
other part, by which it is held or moved.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a key which is between the bow and
the part which enters the wards of the lock</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The middle part of an anchor, or that part which is between
the ring and the arms</def>. See <xex>Illustr</xex>. of
<er>Anchor</er>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>That part of a hoe, rake,
knife, or the like, by which it is secured to a handle</def>.
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A loop forming an eye to a button.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The space between two
channels of the Doric triglyph.</def>
<au>Gwilt.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A large ladle for molten
metal, fitted with long bars for handling it.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The body of a type.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Shoemaking)</fld> <def>The part of the sole
beneath the instep connecting the broader front part with the
heel.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wading bird with long
legs; <as><as>as, the green-legged <ex>shank</ex>, or knot; the
yellow <ex>shank</ex>, or tattler</as></as>; -- called also
<altname>shanks</altname>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Flat-nosed pliers, used by
opticians for nipping off the edges of pieces of glass to make
them round.</def>
<cs><col>Shank painter</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a short rope
or chain which holds the shank of an anchor against the side of a
vessel when it is secured for a voyage.</cd> -- <col>To ride
shank's mare</col>, <cd>to go on foot; to walk.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shank</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fall off, as a leaf,
flower, or capsule, on account of disease affecting the
supporting footstalk; -- usually followed by
<xex>off</xex>.</def>
<au>Darwin.</au>
<hw>Shank"beer`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Schenkbeer</er>.</def>
<hw>Shanked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
shank.</def>
<hw>Shank"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Chancre</er>.</def>
<hw>Shan"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Shannies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European smooth
blenny (<spn>Blennius pholis</spn>). It is olive-green with
irregular black spots, and without appendages on the head.</def>
<hw>Shan't</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A contraction of <xex>shall
not</xex>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Shan"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Jaunty;
showy.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shan"ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>;<plu>pl. <plw>Shanties</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Said to be fr. Ir. <ets>sean</ets> old
+ <ets>tig</ets>. a house.]</ety> <def>A small, mean dwelling; a
rough, slight building for temporary use; a hut.</def>
<hw>Shan"ty</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To inhabit a
shanty.</def>
<au>S. H. Hammond.</au>
<hw>Shap"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>That may be shaped.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Shapely.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdRound and
<xex>shapable</xex>.\'b8
<au>De Foe.</au>
<hw>Shape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp</pos>. <er>Shaped</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Shaped</er> or <er>Shapen</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Shaping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shapen</ets>, <ets>schapen</ets>, AS. <ets>sceapian</ets>.
The p. p. <ets>shapen</ets> is from the strong verb, AS.
<ets>scieppan</ets>, <ets>scyppan</ets>, <ets>sceppan</ets>, p.
p. <ets>sceapen</ets>. See <er>Shape</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To form or create; especially, to mold or make
into a particular form; to give proper form or figure to.</def>
<q>I was <qex>shapen</qex> in iniquity.</q>
<qau>Ps. li. 5.</qau>
<q>Grace <qex>shaped</qex> her limbs, and beauty decked her
face.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adapt to a purpose; to regulate; to adjust;
to direct; <as>as, to <ex>shape</ex> the course of a
vessel</as>.</def>
<q>To the stream, when neither friends, nor force,
Nor spead nor art avail, he <qex>shapes</qex> his course.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<q>Charmed by their eyes, their manners I acqire,
And <qex>shape</qex> my foolishness to their desire.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To image; to conceive; to body forth.</def>
<q>Oft my jealousy
<qex>Shapes</qex> faults that are not.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To design; to prepare; to plan; to
arrange.</def>
<q>When <qex>shapen</qex> was all this conspiracy,
From point to point.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<cs><col>Shaping machine</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<er>Shaper</er>.</cd> -- <col>To shape one's self</col>, <cd>to
prepare; to make ready. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>
<q>I will early <qex>shape me</qex> therefor.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Shape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To suit; to be
adjusted or conformable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shape</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>shap</ets>,
<ets>schap</ets>, AS. <ets>sceap</ets> in <ets>gesceap</ets>
creation, creature, fr. the root of <ets>scieppan</ets>,
<ets>scyppan</ets>, <ets>sceppan</ets>, to shape, to do, to
effect; akin to OS. gi<ets>skeppian</ets>, OFries.
<ets>skeppa</ets>, D. <ets>scheppen</ets>, G.
<ets>schaffen</ets>, OHG. <ets>scaffan</ets>, <ets>scepfen</ets>,
<ets>skeffen</ets>, Icer. <ets>skapa</ets>, <ets>skepja</ets>,
Dan. <ets>skabe</ets>, <ets>skaffe</ets>, Sw. <ets>skapa</ets>,
<ets>skaffa</ets>, Goth. ga<ets>skapjan</ets>, and perhaps to E.
<ets>shave</ets>, v. Cf. <er>-ship</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Character or construction of a thing as determining its
external appearance; outward aspect; make; figure; form; guise;
<as>as, the <ex>shape</ex> of a tree; the <ex>shape</ex> of the
head; an elegant <ex>shape</ex></as>.</def>
<q>He beat me grievously, in the <qex>shape</qex> of a woman.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which has form or figure; a figure; an
appearance; a being.</def>
<q>Before the gates three sat,
On either side, a formidable <qex>shape</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A model; a pattern; a mold.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Form of embodiment, as in words; form, as of
thought or conception; concrete embodiment or example, as of some
quality.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Dress for disguise; guise.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Look better on this virgin, and consider
This Persian <qex>shape</qex> laid by, and she appearing
In a Greekish dress.</q>
<qau>Messinger.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A rolled
or hammered piece, as a bar, beam, angle iron, etc., having a
cross section different from merchant bar.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A piece which has been roughly forged nearly to the form it
will receive when completely forged or fitted.</def>
<cs><col>To take shape</col>, <cd>to assume a definite
form.</cd></cs>
<-- in shape, having a good muscle tone; healthy.
Get into shape, to exercise so as to acquire a good muscle
tone. -->
<hw>Shape"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of shape or
regular form; wanting symmetry of dimensions; misshapen; --
opposed to <ant>shapely</ant>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Shape"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<q>The <qex>shapeless</qex> rock, or hanging precipice.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Shape"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being shapely.</def>
<hw>Shape"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Shapelier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Shapeliest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Well-formed;
having a regular shape; comely; symmetrical.</def>
<au>T. Warton.</au>
<q>Waste sandy valleys, once perplexed with thorn,
The spiry fir and <qex>shapely</qex> box adorn.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>Where the <qex>shapely</qex> column stood.</q>
<qau>Couper.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fit; suitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Shaply</qex> for to be an alderman.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Shap"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who shapes; <as>as, the <ex>shaper</ex> of one's
fortunes</as>.</def>
<q>The secret of those old <qex>shapers</qex> died with them.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which shapes; a machine for giving a
particular form or outline to an object.</def> Specifically;
<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <def>A kind of planer in
which the tool, instead of the work, receives a reciprocating
motion, usually from a crank.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Wood
Working)</fld> <def>A machine with a vertically revolving cutter
projecting above a flat table top, for cutting irregular
outlines, moldings, etc.</def>
<hw>Sha"poo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The o\'94rial.</def>
<hw>Shard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A plant;
chard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Shard</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>sceard</ets>,
properly a p. p. from the root of <ets>scearn</ets> to shear, to
cut; akin to D. <ets>schaard</ets> a fragment, G.
<ets>scharte</ets> a notch, Icel. <ets>skar<?/</ets>. See
<er>Shear</er>, and cf. <er>Sherd</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>sheard</asp>, and <asp>sherd</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece or fragment of an earthen vessel, or a
like brittle substance, as the shell of an egg or snail.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The precious dish
Broke into <qex>shards</qex> of beauty on the board.</q>
<qau>E. Arnold.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hard wing case of a
beetle.</def>
<q>They are his <qex>shards</qex>, and he their beetle.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A gap in a fence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Stanyhurst.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A boundary; a division.</def> <mark>[Obs. &
R.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Shard"-borne`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Borne on
shards or scaly wing cases.</def> \'bdThe <xex>shard-borne</xex>
beetle.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shard"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Having elytra, as a beetle.</def>
<hw>Shard"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having, or
consisting of, shards.</def>
<hw>Share</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schar</ets>, AS. <ets>scear</ets>; akin to OHG.
<ets>scaro</ets>, G. <ets>schar</ets>, pflug<ets>shar</ets>, and
E. <ets>shear</ets>, v. See <er>Shear</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The part (usually an iron or steel plate) of a plow which
cuts the ground at the bottom of a furrow; a plowshare.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The part which opens the ground for the
reception of the seed, in a machine for sowing seed.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Share</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>share</ets>, AS.
<ets>scearu</ets>, <ets>scaru</ets>, fr. <ets>sceran</ets> to
shear, cut. See <er>Shear</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A certain quantity; a portion; a part; a division; <as>as, a
small <ex>share</ex> of prudence</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, the part allotted or belonging to
one, of any property or interest owned by a number; a portion
among others; an apportioned lot; an allotment; a dividend.</def>
\'bdMy <xex>share</xex> of fame.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, one of a certain number of equal portions
into which any property or invested capital is divided; <as>as, a
ship owned in ten <ex>shares</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The pubes; the sharebone.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<cs><col>To go shares</col>, <cd>to partake; to be equally
concerned.</cd> -- <col>Share and share alike</col>, <cd>in equal
shares.</cd></cs>
<hw>Share</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sharing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To part among two
or more; to distribute in portions; to divide.</def>
<q>Suppose I <qex>share</qex> my fortune equally between my
children and a stranger.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<-- p. 1324 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To partake of, use, or experience, with others;
to have a portion of; to take and possess in common; <as>as, to
<ex>share</ex> a shelter with another</as>.</def>
<q><qex>While avarice and rapine share</qex> the land.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cut; to shear; to cleave; to divide.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>shared</qex> visage hangs on equal sides.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Share</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To have part;
to receive a portion; to partake, enjoy, or suffer with
others.</def>
<q>A right of inheritance gave every one a title to
<qex>share</qex> in the goods of his father.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<hw>Share"beam`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The part of
the plow to which the share is attached.</def>
<hw>Share"bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The public bone.</def>
<hw>Share"bro`ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A broker
who deals in railway or other shares and securities.</def>
<hw>Share"hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
holds or owns a share or shares in a joint fund or
property.</def>
<hw>Shar"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who shares;
a participator; a partaker; also, a divider; a distributer.</def>
<hw>Share"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A composite plant (<spn>Aster
Tripolium</spn>) growing along the seacoast of Europe.</def>
<hw>Shark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of uncertain
origin; perhaps through OF. fr. <ets>carcharus</ets> a kind of
dogfish, Gr. <?/<?/<?/, so called from its sharp teeth, fr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ having sharp or jagged teeth; or perhaps named from
its rapacity (cf. <er>Shark</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>&<ets>i</ets>.); cf. <er>Corn</er>.
<ets>scarceas</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes of the
order Plagiostomi, found in all seas.</def>
<note><hand/ Some sharks, as the basking shark and the whale
shark, grow to an enormous size, the former becoming forty feet
or more, and the latter sixty feet or more, in length. Most of
them are harmless to man, but some are exceedingly voracious. The
man-eating sharks mostly belong to the genera
<spn>Carcharhinus</spn>, <spn>Carcharodon</spn>, and related
genera. They have several rows of large sharp teeth with serrated
edges, as the great white shark (<spn>Carcharodon carcharias,
<or/ Rondeleti</spn>) of tropical seas, and the great blue shark
(<spn>Carcharhinus glaucus</spn>) of all tropical and temperate
seas. The former sometimes becomes thirty-six feet long, and is
the most voracious and dangerous species known. The rare
man-eating shark of the United States coast (<spn>Charcarodon
Atwoodi</spn>) is thought by some to be a variety, or the young,
of <spn>C. carcharias</spn>. The dusky shark (<spn>Carcharhinus
obscurus</spn>), and the smaller blue shark (<spn>C.
caudatus</spn>), both common species on the coast of the United
States, are of moderate size and not dangerous. They feed on
shellfish and bottom fishes.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rapacious, artful person; a sharper.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Trickery; fraud; petty rapine; <as>as, to live
upon the <ex>shark</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>South.</au>
<cs><mcol><col>Baskin shark</col>, <col>Liver shark</col>,
<col>Nurse shark</col>, <col>Oil shark</col>, <col>Sand
shark</col>, <col>Tiger shark</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under
<er>Basking</er>, <er>Liver</er>, etc. See also
<er>Dogfish</er>, <er>Houndfish</er>, <er>Notidanian</er>, and
<er>Tope</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gray shark</col>, <cd>the sand
shark.</cd> -- <col>Hammer-headed shark</col>. <cd>See
<er>Hammerhead</er>.</cd> -- <col>Port Jackson shark</col>.
<cd>See <er>Cestraciont</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shark barrow</col>,
<cd>the eggcase of a shark; a sea purse.</cd> -- <col>Shark
ray</col>. <cd>Same as <spn>Angel fish</spn> <sd>(a)</sd>, under
<er>Angel</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Thrasher</col> shark, <or/
<col>Thresher shark</col></mcol>, <cd>a large, voracious shark.
See <er>Thrasher</er>.</cd> -- <col>Whale shark</col>, <cd>a huge
harmless shark (<spn>Rhinodon typicus</spn>) of the Indian Ocean.
It becomes sixty feet or more in length, but has very small
teeth.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shark</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Of uncertain origin;
perhaps fr. <ets>shark</ets>, n., or perhaps related to E.
<ets>shear</ets> (as <ets>hearken</ets> to <ets>hear</ets>), and
originally meaning, to clip off. Cf. <er>Shirk</er>.]</ety>
<def>To pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shark</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sharked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sharking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To play
the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to swindle.</def>
<q>Neither <qex>sharks</qex> for a cup or a reckoning.</q>
<qau>Bp. Earle.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To live by shifts and stratagems.</def>
<au>Beau & Fl.</au>
<hw>Shark"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who lives
by sharking.</def>
<hw>Shark"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Petty rapine; trick; also,
seeking a livelihood by shifts and dishonest devices.</def>
<hw>Shar"ock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An East Indian
coin of the value of 12<frac12/ pence sterling, or about 25
cents.</def>
<hw>Sharp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sharper</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sharpest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sharp</ets>, <ets>scharp</ets>, <ets>scarp</ets>, AS.
<ets>scearp</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>skarp</ets>, LG.
<ets>scharp</ets>, D. <ets>scherp</ets>, G. <ets>scharf</ets>,
Dan. & Sw. <ets>skarp</ets>, Icel. <ets>skarpr</ets>. Cf.
<er>Escarp</er>, <er>Scrape</er>, <er>Scorpion</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a very thin edge or fine point; of a
nature to cut or pierce easily; not blunt or dull; keen.</def>
<q>He dies upon my scimeter's <qex>sharp</qex> point.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse or
rounded; somewhat pointed or edged; peaked or ridged; <as>as, a
<ex>sharp</ex> hill; <ex>sharp</ex> features.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Affecting the sense as if pointed or cutting,
keen, penetrating, acute: to the taste or smell, pungent, acid,
sour, as ammonia has a <xex>sharp</xex> taste and odor; to the
hearing, piercing, shrill, as a <xex>sharp</xex> sound or voice;
to the eye, instantaneously brilliant, dazzling, as a
<xex>sharp</xex> flash.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>High in pitch;
acute; <as>as, a <ex>sharp</ex> note or tone</as>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Raised a semitone in pitch; <as>as, C
<ex>sharp</ex> (C<sharp/), which is a half step, or semitone,
higher than C</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>So high as to be out
of tune, or above true pitch; <as>as, the tone is <ex>sharp</ex>;
that instrument is <ex>sharp</ex></as>. Opposed in all these
senses to <ant>flat</ant>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Very trying to the feelings; pierching; keen;
severe; painful; distressing; <as>as, <ex>sharp</ex> pain,
weather; a <ex>sharp</ex> and frosty air</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Sharp</qex> misery had worn him to the bones.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The morning <qex>sharp</qex> and clear.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<q>In <qex>sharpest</qex> perils faithful proved.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Cutting in language or import; biting;
sarcastic; cruel; harsh; rigorous; severe; <as>as, a
<ex>sharp</ex> rebuke</as>.</def> \'bdThat <xex>sharp</xex>
look.\'b8
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<q>To that place the <qex>sharp</qex> Athenian law
Can not pursue us.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Be thy words severe,
<qex>Sharp</qex> as merits but the sword forbear.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Of keen perception; quick to discern or
distinguish; having nice discrimination; acute; penetrating;
sagacious; clever; <as>as, a <ex>sharp</ex> eye; <ex>sharp</ex>
sight, hearing, or judgment</as>.</def>
<q>Nothing makes men <qex>sharper</qex> . . . than want.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>Many other things belong to the material world, wherein the
<qex>sharpest</qex> philosophers have never ye<?/ arrived at
clear and distinct ideas.</q>
<qau>L. Watts.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Eager in pursuit; keen in quest; impatient for
gratification; keen; <as>as, a <ex>sharp</ex>
appetite</as>.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Fierce; ardent; fiery; violent; impetuous.</def>
\'bdIn <xex>sharp</xex> contest of battle.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>A <qex>sharp</qex> assault already is begun.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>Keenly or unduly attentive to one's own
interest; close and exact in dealing; shrewd; <as>as, a
<ex>sharp</ex> dealer; a <ex>sharp</ex> customer.</as></def>
<q>The necessity of being so <qex>sharp</qex> and exacting.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>Composed of hard, angular grains; gritty;
<as>as, <ex>sharp</ex> sand</as>.</def>
<au>Moxon.</au>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>Steep; precipitous; abrupt; <as>as, a
<ex>sharp</ex> ascent or descent; a <ex>sharp</ex> turn or
curve</as>.</def>
<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Uttered in a whisper, or
with the breath alone, without voice, as certain consonants, such
as <xex>p</xex>, <xex>k</xex>, <xex>t</xex>, <xex>f</xex>; surd;
nonvocal; aspirated.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sharp</xex> is often used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>sharp</xex>-cornered,
<xex>sharp</xex>-edged, <xex>sharp</xex>-pointed,
<xex>sharp</xex>-tasted, <xex>sharp</xex>-visaged, etc.</note>
<cs><col>Sharp practice</col>, <cd>the getting of an advantage,
or the attempt to do so, by a tricky expedient.</cd> --
<mcol><col>To brace sharp</col>, <or/ <col>To sharp
up</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn the yards to the
most oblique position possible, that the ship may lie well up to
the wind.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Keen; acute; piercing; penetrating; quick;
sagacious; discerning; shrewd; witty; ingenious; sour; acid;
tart; pungent; acrid; severe; poignant; biting; acrimonious;
sarcastic; cutting; bitter; painful; afflictive; violent; harsh;
fierce; ardent; fiery.</syn>
<hw>Sharp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
a point or edge; piercingly; eagerly; sharply.</def>
<au>M. Arnold.</au>
<q>The head [of a spear] full <qex>sharp</qex> yground.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>You bite so <qex>sharp</qex> at reasons.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Precisely; exactly; <as>as, we shall start at
ten o'clock <ex>sharp</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<cs><col>Look sharp</col>, <cd>attend; be alert.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Sharp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sharp tool or
weapon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>If butchers had but the manners to go to <qex>sharps</qex>,
gentlemen would be contented with a rubber at cuffs.</q>
<qau>Collier.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The character
[<sharp/] used to indicate that the note before which it is
placed is to be raised a half step, or semitone, in pitch.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sharp tone or note.</def> <au>Shak</au>.
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A portion of a stream where the water runs very
rapidly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>C. Kingsley.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sewing needle having a very slender point; a
needle of the most pointed of the three grades,
<xex>blunts</xex>, <xex>betweens</xex>, and
<xex>sharps</xex>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Same as <er>Middlings</er>,
1.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>An expert.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<hw>Sharp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sharped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sharping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
sharpen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To raise above the proper
pitch; to elevate the tone of; especially, to raise a half step,
or semitone, above the natural tone.</def>
<hw>Sharp</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To play tricks
in bargaining; to act the sharper.</def>
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To sing above the proper
pitch.</def>
<hw>Sharp-cut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cut sharply
or definitely, or so as to make a clear, well-defined impression,
as the lines of an engraved plate, and the like; clear-cut;
hence, having great distinctness; well-defined; clear.</def>
<hw>Sharp"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sarpened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sharpening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Sharp</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To make sharp.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To give a keen edge or fine point to; to make
sharper; <as>as, to <ex>sharpen</ex> an ax, or the teeth of a
saw</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To render more quick or acute
in perception; to make more ready or ingenious.</def>
<q>The air . . . <qex>sharpened</qex> his visual ray
To objects distant far.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and
<qex>sharpens</qex> our skill.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To make more eager; <as>as, to <ex>sharpen</ex>
men's desires</as></def>.
<q>Epicurean cooks
<qex>Sharpen</qex> with cloyless sauce his appetite.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To make more pungent and intense; <as>as, to
<ex>sharpen</ex> a pain or disease</as></def>. <sd>(e)</sd>
<def>To make biting, sarcastic, or severe</def>.
\'bd<xex>Sharpen</xex> each word.\'b8 <au>E. Smith</au>.
<sd>(f)</sd> <def>To render more shrill or piercing</def>.
<q>Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase and
<qex>sharpen</qex> it.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sd>(g)</sd> <def>To make more tart or acid; to make sour;
<as>as, the rays of the sun <ex>sharpen</ex> vinegar</as></def>.
<sd>(h)</sd> <fld>(Mus.<def>)</fld> To raise, as a sound, by
means of a sharp; to apply a sharp to</def>.
<hw>Sharp"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow or become
sharp.</def>
<hw>Sharp"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person who
bargains closely, especially, one who cheats in bargains; a
swinder; also, a cheating gamester.</def>
<q><qex>Sharpers</qex>, as pikes, prey upon their own kind.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Swindler; cheat; deceiver; trickster; rogue. See
<er>Swindler</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sharp"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>A long, sharp, flat-bottomed boat, with one or two masts
carrying a triangular sail. They are often called <altname>Fair
Haven sharpies</altname>, after the place on the coast of
Connecticut where they originated.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sharp"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stickleback.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sharp"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sharp manner,;
keenly; acutely.</def>
<q>They are more <qex>sharply</qex> to be chastised and reformed
than the rude Irish.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>The soldiers were <qex>sharply</qex> assailed with wants.</q>
<qau>Hayward.</qau>
<q>You contract your eye when you would see
<qex>sharply</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<hw>Sharp"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scearpness</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of
being sharp; keenness; acuteness.</def>
<hw>Sharp"saw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The great titmouse; -- so called from
its harsh call notes.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sharp"-set`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Eager in
appetite or desire of gratification; affected by keen hunger;
ravenous; <as>as, an eagle or a lion
<ex>sharp-set</ex></as>.</def>
<q>The town is <qex>sharp-set</qex> on new plays.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Sharp"shoot`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
skilled in shooting at an object with exactness; a good
marksman.</def>
<hw>Sharp"shoot`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shooting with
great precision and effect; hence, a keen contest of wit or
argument.</def>
<hw>Sharp"-sight`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
quick or acute sight; -- used literally and figuratively.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sharp`-sight`ed*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sharp"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The pintail duck.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The pintail grouse, or prairie chicken.</def>
<hw>Sharp"-wit`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
an acute or nicely discerning mind.</def>
<hw>Shash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sash</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The scarf of a
turban.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Shas"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Shas"tra</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.
<ets>c\'bestra</ets> an order or command, a sacred book, fr.
<ets>c\'bes</ets> to order, instruct, govern. Cf.
<er>Sastra</er>.]</ety> <def>A treatise for authoritative
instruction among the Hindoos; a book of institutes; especially,
a treatise explaining the Vedas.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sastra</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Shath"mont</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
shaftment</def>. <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Shat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shattered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shattering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>schateren</ets>,
<ets>scateren</ets>, to scatter, to dash, AS.
<ets>scateran</ets>; cf. D. <ets>schateren</ets> to crack, to
make a great noise, OD. <ets>schetteren</ets> to scatter, to
burst, to crack. Cf. <er>Scatter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
break at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, or part violently
into fragments; to rend into splinters; <as>as, an explosion
<ex>shatters</ex> a rock or a bomb; too much steam
<ex>shatters</ex> a boiler; an oak is <ex>shattered</ex> by
lightning.</as></def>
<q>A monarchy was <qex>shattered</qex> to pieces, and divided
amongst revolted subjects.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To disorder; to derange; to render unsound;
<as>as, to be <ex>shattered</ex> in intellect; his constitution
was <ex>shattered</ex>; his hopes were
<ex>shattered</ex></as>.</def>
<q>A man of a loose, volatile, and <qex>shattered</qex>
humor.</q>
<qau>Norris.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To scatter about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Shatter</qex> your leaves before the mellowing year.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Shat"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be broken into
fragments; to fal<?/ or crumble to pieces by any force
applied.</def>
<q>Some fragile bodies break but where the force is; some
<qex>shatter</qex> and fly in many places.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<hw>Shat"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fragment of anything
shattered; -- used chiefly or soley in the phrase <xex>into
shatters</xex>; <as>as, to break a glass into
<ex>shatters</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shat"ter-brained`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Shat"ter-pat`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Disordered or wandering in intellect; hence, heedless;
wild.</def>
<au>J. Goodman.</au>
<hw>Shat"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Easily
breaking into pieces; not compact; loose of texture; brittle;
<as>as, <ex>shattery</ex> spar</as>.</def>
<hw>Shave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>obs. p. p.</pos> of
<er>Shave</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>His beard was <qex>shave</qex> as nigh as ever he can.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Shave</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos>
<er>Shaved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Shaved</er> or
<er>Shaven</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>shaven</ets>,
<ets>schaven</ets>, AS. <ets>scafan</ets>, <ets>sceafan</ets>;
akin to D. <ets>schaven</ets>, G. <ets>schaben</ets>, Icel.
<ets>skafa</ets>, Sw. <ets>skafva</ets>, Dan. <ets>skave</ets>,
Goth. <ets>scaban</ets>, Russ. <ets>kopate</ets> to dig, Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/, and probably to L. <ets>scabere</ets> to scratch,
to scrape. Cf. <er>Scab</er>, <er>Shaft</er>,
<er>Shape</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut or pare off from
the surface of a body with a razor or other edged instrument; to
cut off closely, as with a razor; <as>as, to <ex>shave</ex> the
beard</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make bare or smooth by cutting off closely
the surface, or surface covering, of; especially, to remove the
hair from with a razor or other sharp instrument; to take off the
beard or hair of; <as>as, to <ex>shave</ex> the face or the crown
of the head; he <ex>shaved</ex> himself.</as></def>
<q>I'll <qex>shave</qex> your crown for this.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The laborer with the bending scythe is seen
<qex>Shaving</qex> the surface of the waving green.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cut off thin slices from; to cut in thin
slices.</def>
<q>Plants bruised or <qex>shaven</qex> in leaf or root.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To skim along or near the surface of; to pass
close to, or touch lightly, in passing.</def>
<q>Now <qex>shaves</qex> with level wing the deep.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To strip; to plunder; to fleece.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<cs><col>To shave a note</col>, <cd>to buy it at a discount
greater than the legal rate of interest, or to deduct in
discounting it more than the legal rate allows.</cd> <mark>[Cant,
U.S.]</mark></cs>
<-- p. 1325 -->
<hw>Shave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use a razor
for removing the beard; to cut closely; hence, to be hard and
severe in a bargain; to practice extortion; to cheat.</def>
<hw>Shave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scafa</ets>, sceafa, a sort of knife. See <er>Shave</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thin slice; a
shaving.</def>
<au>Wright.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cutting of the beard; the operation of
shaving.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An exorbitant discount on a
note.</def> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A premium
paid for an extension of the time of delivery or payment, or for
the right to vary a stock contract in any particular.</def>
<mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark>
<au>N. Biddle.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A hand tool consisting of a sharp blade with a
handle at each end; a drawing knife; a spokeshave.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The act of passing very near to, so as almost to
graze; <as>as, the bullet missed by a close
<ex>shave</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<cs><col>Shave grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the scouring
rush. See the Note under <er>Equisetum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shave
hook</col>, <cd>a tool for scraping metals, consisting of a
sharp-edged triangular steel plate attached to a shank and
handle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shave"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A man
shaved; hence, a monk, or other religious; -- used in
contempt.</def>
<q>I am no longer a <qex>shaveling</qex> than while my frock is
on my back.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Shav"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who shaves; one whose occupation is to shave.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is close in bargains; a sharper.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer.</def>
<q>By these <qex>shavers</qex> the Turks were stripped.</q>
<qau>Knolles.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A boy; a lad; a little fellow.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdThese unlucky little
<xex>shavers</xex>.\'b8
<-- often little shaver -->
<au>Salmagundi.</au>
<q>As I have mentioned at the door to this young
<qex>shaver</qex>, I am on a chase in the name of the king.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A tool or machine for
shaving.</def>
<cs><col>A note shaver</col>, <cd>a person who buys notes at a
discount greater than the legal rate of interest.</cd>
<mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Shav"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one
who, or that which, shaves; specifically, the act of cutting off
the beard with a razor.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is shaved off; a thin slice or strip
pared off with a shave, a knife, a plane, or other cutting
instrument.</def> \'bd<xex>Shaving</xex> of silver.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<cs><col>Shaving brush</col>, <cd>a brush used in lathering the
face preparatory to shaving it.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shaw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schawe</ets>, <ets>scha<?/e</ets>, thicket, grove, AS.
<ets>scaga</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>skov</ets>, Sw.
<ets>skog</ets>, Icel. <ets>sk<?/gr</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A thicket; a small wood or grove.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov.Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<au>Burns.</au>
<q>Gaillard he was as goldfinch in the <qex>shaw</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The green <qex>shaws</qex>, the merry green woods.</q>
<qau>Howitt.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The leaves and tops of
vegetables, as of potatoes, turnips, etc.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Jamieson.</au>
<hw>Shaw"fowl`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot. <ets>schaw</ets>,
<ets>shaw</ets>, show + <ets>fowl</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
representation or image of a fowl made by fowlers to shoot
at.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>Shawl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per. & Hind.
<ets>sh\'bel</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ch\'83le</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
square or oblong cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or other textile or
netted fabric, used, especially by women, as a loose covering for
the neck and shoulders.</def>
<cs><col>India shawl</col>, <cd>a kind of rich shawl made in
India from the wool of the Cashmere goat. It is woven in pieces,
which are sewed together.</cd> -- <col>Shawl goat</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Cashmere goat.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shawl</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To wrap in a shawl.</def>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Shawm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shalmie</ets>, OF. <ets>chalemie</ets>; cf. F.
<ets>chalumeau</ets> shawm, <ets>chaume</ets> haulm, stalk; all
fr. L. <ets>calamus</ets> a reed, reed pipe. See <er>Haulm</er>,
and cf. <er>Calumet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind
instrument of music, formerly in use, supposed to have resembled
either the clarinet or the hautboy in form.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>shalm</asp>, <asp>shaum</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Otway.</au>
<q>Even from the shrillest <qex>shaum</qex> unto the
cornamute.</q>
<qau>Drayton.</qau>
<hw>Shaw`nees"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.
<singw>Shawnee</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>.
<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of North American Indians who
occupied Western New York and part of Ohio, but were driven away
and widely dispersed by the Iroquois.</def>
<hw>Shay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chaise.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>She</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>pron.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>sing. nom.</pos> <er>She</er>; <pos>poss.</pos>
<er>Her</er>. <pr>(<?/)</pr> or <er>Hers</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;
<pos>obj.</pos> <er>Her</er>; <pos>pl. nom.</pos> <er>They</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>poss.</pos> <er>Their</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or
<er>Theirs</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>obj.</pos> <er>Them</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>she</ets>,
<ets>sche</ets>, <ets>scheo</ets>, <ets>scho</ets>, AS.
<ets>se\'a2</ets>, fem. of the definite article, originally a
demonstrative pronoun; cf. OS. <ets>siu</ets>, D. <ets>zij</ets>,
G. <ets>sie</ets>, OHG. <ets>siu</ets>, <ets>s\'c6</ets>,
<ets>si</ets>, Icel. <ets>s<umac/</ets>, <ets>sj\'be</ets>, Goth.
<ets>si</ets> she, <ets>s<omac/</ets>, fem. article, Russ.
<ets>siia</ets>, fem., this, Gr. <?/, fem. article, Skr.
<ets>s\'be</ets>, <ets>sy\'be</ets>. The possessive
<ets>her</ets> or <ets>hers</ets>, and the objective
<ets>her</ets>, are from a different root. See
<er>Her</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>This or that female; the
woman understood or referred to; the animal of the female sex, or
object personified as feminine, which was spoken of.</def>
<q><qex>She</qex> loved her children best in every wise.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Then Sarah denied, . . . for <qex>she</qex> was afraid.</q>
<qau>Gen. xviii. 15.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A woman; a female; -- used substantively.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Lady, you are the cruelest <qex>she</qex> alive.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>She</xex> is used in composition with nouns of
common gender, for <xex>female</xex>, to denote an animal of the
female sex; as, a <xex>she</xex>-bear; a
<xex>she</xex>-cat.</note>
<hw>Shead"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From AS.
<ets>sc\'bedan</ets>, <ets>sce\'a0dan</ets>, to separate, divide.
See <er>Shed</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A tithing, or
division, in the Isle of Man, in which there is a coroner, or
chief constable. The island is divided into six sheadings.</def>
<hw>Sheaf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>
<def>A sheave.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sheaf</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Sheaves</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>sheef</ets>, <ets>shef</ets>,
<ets>schef</ets>, AS. <ets>sce\'a0f</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>schoof</ets>, OHG. <ets>scoub</ets>, G. <ets>schaub</ets>,
Icel. <ets>skauf</ets> a fox's brush, and E. <ets>shove</ets>.
See <er>Shove</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A quantity of the
stalks and ears of wheat, rye, or other grain, bound together; a
bundle of grain or straw.</def>
<q>The reaper fills his greedy hands,
And binds the golden <qex>sheaves</qex> in brittle bands.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any collection of things bound together; a
bundle; specifically, a bundle of arrows sufficient to fill a
quiver, or the allowance of each archer, -- usually
twenty-four.</def>
<q>The <qex>sheaf</qex> of arrows shook and rattled in the
case.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sheaf</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To gather and bind into a
sheaf; to make into sheaves; <as>as, to <ex>sheaf</ex>
wheat</as>.</def>
<hw>Sheaf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To collect and
bind cut grain, or the like; to make sheaves.</def>
<q>They that reap must <qex>sheaf</qex> and bind.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sheaf"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to,
or consisting of, a sheaf or sheaves; resembling a sheaf.</def>
<hw>Sheal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sheeling</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sheal</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put under a sheal or
shelter.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sheal</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Shell</er>.]</ety>
<def>To take the husks or pods off from; to shell; to empty of
its contents, as a husk or a pod.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.Eng.
& Scot.]</mark>
<au>Jamieson.</au>
<q>That's a <qex>shealed</qex> peascod.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sheal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shell or pod.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov.Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sheal"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The outer husk, pod, or
shell, as of oats, pease, etc.; sheal; shell.</def> <mark>[Obs.
or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sheal"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sheeling</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Shear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Sheared</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or
<er>Shore</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Sheared</er>
or <er>Shorn</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sheren</ets>,
<ets>scheren</ets>, to shear, cut, shave, AS. <ets>sceran</ets>,
<ets>scieran</ets>, <ets>scyran</ets>; akin to D. & G.
<ets>scheren</ets>, Icel. <ets>skera</ets>, Dan.
<ets>ski<?/re</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Jeer</er>,
<er>Score</er>, <er>Shard</er>, <er>Share</er>, <er>Sheer</er> to
turn aside.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut, clip, or sever
anything from with shears or a like instrument; <as>as, to
<ex>shear</ex> sheep; to <ex>shear</ex> cloth</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ It is especially applied to the cutting of wool from
sheep or their skins, and the nap from cloth.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To separate or sever with shears or a similar
instrument; to cut off; to clip (something) from a surface;
<as>as, to <ex>shear</ex> a fleece</as>.</def>
<q>Before the golden tresses . . . were <qex>shorn</qex>
away.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To reap, as grain.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Jamieson.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: To deprive of property; to fleece.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To produce a change of shape
in by a shear. See <er>Shear</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>
<hw>Shear</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>sceara</ets>. See
<er>Shear</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pair
of shears; -- now always used in the plural, but formerly also in
the singular. See <er>Shears</er>.</def>
<q>On his head came razor none, nor <qex>shear</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Short of the wool, and naked from the <qex>shear</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A shearing; -- used in designating the age of
sheep.</def>
<q>After the second shearing, he is a two-<qex>sher</qex> ram; .
. . at the expiration of another year, he is a
three-<qex>shear</qex> ram; the name always taking its date from
the time of shearing.</q>
<qau>Youatt.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>An action, resulting from
applied forces, which tends to cause two contiguous parts of a
body to slide relatively to each other in a direction parallel to
their plane of contact; -- also called <altname>shearing
stress</altname>, and <altname>tangential stress</altname>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A strain, or change of shape,
of an elastic body, consisting of an extension in one direction,
an equal compression in a perpendicular direction, with an
unchanged magnitude in the third direction.</def>
<cs><col>Shear blade</col>, <cd>one of the blades of shears or a
shearing machine.</cd> -- <col>Shear hulk</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Hulk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shear steel</col>, <cd>a steel
suitable for shears, scythes, and other cutting instruments,
prepared from fagots of blistered steel by repeated heating,
rolling, and tilting, to increase its malleability and fineness
of texture.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shear</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To deviate. See
<er>Sheer</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>To become more or less
completely divided, as a body under the action of forces, by the
sliding of two contiguous parts relatively to each other in a
direction parallel to their plane of contact.</def>
<hw>Shear"bill`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The black skimmer. See <er>Skimmer</er>.</def>
<hw>Sheard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shard</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shear"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who shears.</def>
<q>Like a lamb dumb before his <qex>shearer</qex>.</q>
<qau>Acts viii. 32.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A reaper.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Jamieson.</au>
<hw>Shear"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
operation of clipping with shears or a shearing machine, as the
wool from sheep, or the nap from cloth.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The product of the act or operation of clipping
with shears or a shearing machine; <as>as, the whole
<ex>shearing</ex> of a flock; the <ex>shearings</ex> from
cloth</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Shearling</er>.</def>
<au>Youatt.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act or operation of reaping.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The act or operation of dividing with shears;
<as>as, the <ex>shearing</ex> of metal plates</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The process of preparing shear steel;
tilting.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The process of making a
vertical side cutting in working into a face of coal.</def>
<cs><col>Shearing machine</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A machine with
blades, or rotary disks, for dividing plates or bars of
metal</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A machine for shearing
cloth.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shear"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sheep but
once sheared.</def>
<hw>Shear"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Shearmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One whose
occupation is to shear cloth.</def>
<hw>Shearn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scearn</ets>. Cf. <er>Scarn</er>.]</ety> <def>Dung;
excrement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>shern</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Shears</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Formerly
used also in the singular. See <er>Shear</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>,<ets>1</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cutting
instrument.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument
consisting of two blades, commonly with bevel edges, connected by
a pivot, and working on both sides of the material to be cut, --
used for cutting cloth and other substances</def>.
<q>Fate urged the <qex>shears</qex>, and cut the sylph in
twain.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A similar instrument the blades of which are
extensions of a curved spring, -- used for shearing sheep or
skins</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A shearing machine; a blade, or a
set of blades, working against a resisting edge</def>.
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything in the form of shears.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pair of wings</def>.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Spenser</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An
apparatus for raising heavy weights, and especially for stepping
and unstepping the lower masts of ships. It consists of two or
more spars or pieces of timber, fastened together near the top,
steadied by a guy or guys, and furnished with the necessary
tackle.</def></def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sheers</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The bedpiece of a machine
tool, upon which a table or slide rest is secured; <as>as, the
<ex>shears</ex> of a lathe or planer</as>. See <xex>Illust</xex>.
under <er>Lathe</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Rotary shears</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Rotary</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shear"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The common tern.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any one of several species of humming birds of
the genus <spn>Thaumastura</spn> having a long forked tail.</def>
<hw>Shear"wa`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Shear</ets> + <ets>water</ets>; cf. G.
<ets>wassersherer</ets>; -- so called from its running lightly
along the surface of the water.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of long-winged oceanic birds of
the genus <spn>Puffinus</spn> and related genera. They are allied
to the petrels, but are larger. The Manx shearwater (<spn>P.
Anglorum</spn>), the dusky shearwater (<spn>P. obscurus</spn>),
and the greater shearwater (<spn>P. major</spn>), are well-known
species of the North Atlantic. See <er>Hagdon</er>.</def>
<hw>Sheat"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. dial.
G. <ets>scheid</ets>, <ets>schaid</ets>,
<ets>schaiden</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European
siluroid fish (<spn>Silurus glanis</spn>) allied to the
cat-fishes. It is the largest fresh-water fish of Europe,
sometimes becoming six feet or more in length. See
<er>Siluroid</er>.</def>
<hw>Sheath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schethe</ets>, AS. <ets>sc<aemac/<edh/</ets>,
<ets>sce\'a0<edh/</ets>, <ets>sc<emac/<edh/</ets>; akin to OS.
<ets>sk<emac/<edh/ia</ets>, D. <ets>scheede</ets>, G.
<ets>scheide</ets>, OHG. <ets>sceida</ets>, Sw. <ets>skida</ets>,
Dan. <ets>skede</ets>, Icel. <ets>skei<edh/ir</ets>, pl., and to
E. <ets>shed</ets>, v.t., originally meaning, to separate, to
part. See <er>Shed</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A case for the
reception of a sword, hunting knife, or other long and slender
instrument; a scabbard.</def>
<q>The dead knight's sword out of his <qex>sheath</qex> he
drew.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any sheathlike covering, organ, or part.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The base of a
leaf when sheathing or investing a stem or branch, as in
grasses</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the
elytra of an insect.</def>
<cs><col>Medullary sheath</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Medullary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Primitive sheath</col>.
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Neurilemma</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sheath knife</col>, <cd>a knife with a fixed blade, carried
in a sheath.</cd> -- <col>Sheath of Schwann</col>.
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Schwann's sheath</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sheath"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Either one of two species of birds
composing the genus <spn>Chionis</spn>, and family
<spn>Chionid\'91</spn>, native of the islands of the
Antarctic.seas.</def>
<note><hand/ They are related to the gulls and the plovers, but
more nearly to the latter. The base of the bill is covered with a
saddle-shaped horny sheath, and the toes are only slightly
webbed. The plumage of both species is white.</note>
<hw>Sheathe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sheathed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sheating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also
<ets>sheath</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put into a sheath,
case, or scabbard; to inclose or cover with, or as with, a sheath
or case.</def>
<q>The leopard . . . keeps the claws of his fore feet turned up
from the ground, and <qex>sheathed</qex> in the skin of his
toes.</q>
<qau>Grew.</qau>
<q>'T is in my breast she <qex>sheathes</qex> her dagger now.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fit or furnish, as with a sheath.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To case or cover with something which protects,
as thin boards, sheets of metal, and the like; <as>as, to
<ex>sheathe</ex> a ship with copper</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To obtund or blunt, as acrimonious substances,
or sharp particles.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<cs><col>To sheathe the sword</col>, <cd>to make peace.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sheathed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Povided with, or inclosed in, sheath.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Invested by a sheath, or
cylindrical membranaceous tube, which is the base of the leaf, as
the stalk or culm in grasses; vaginate.</def>
<hw>Sheath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sheathes.</def>
<hw>Sheath"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Sheatfish</er>.</def>
<hw>Sheath"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. pr. & a.</pos>
<def>from <er>Sheathe</er>. Inclosing with a sheath; <as>as, the
<ex>sheathing</ex> leaves of grasses; the <ex>sheathing</ex>
stipules of many polygonaceous plants</as>.</def>
<hw>Sheath"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which
sheathes.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The casing or
covering of a ship's bottom and sides; the materials for such
covering; <as>as, copper <ex>sheathing</ex></as>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The first covering of boards
on the outside wall of a frame house or on a timber roof; also,
the material used for covering; ceiling boards in general.</def>
<hw>Sheath"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a
sheath or case for covering; unsheathed.</def>
<hw>Sheath"-winged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having elytra, or wing cases, as a
beetle.</def>
<hw>Sheath"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Forming or
resembling a sheath or case.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>She"a tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An
African sapotaceous tree (<spn>Bassia, <or/ Butyrospermum,
Parkii</spn>), from the seeds of which a substance resembling
butter is obtained; the African butter tree.</def>
<-- p. 1326 -->
<hw>Sheave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to OD.
<ets>schijve</ets> orb, disk, wheel, D. <ets>schiff</ets>, G.
<ets>scheibe</ets>, Icel. <ets>sk\'c6fa</ets> a shaving, slice;
cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a staff. Cf. <er>Shift</er>, <pos>v.</pos>,
<er>Shive</er>.]</ety> <def>A wheel having a groove in the rim
for a rope to work in, and set in a block, mast, or the like; the
wheel of a pulley.</def>
<cs><col>Sheave hole</col>, <cd>a channel cut in a mast, yard,
rail, or other timber, in which to fix a sheave.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sheave</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sheaf</er> of
straw.]</ety> <def>To gather and bind into a sheaf or sheaves;
hence, to collect.</def>
<au>Ashmole.</au>
<hw>Sheaved</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of
straw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sheb"an*der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.
<ets>sh\'behbandar</ets>.]</ety> <def>A harbor master, or ruler
of a port, in the East Indies.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>shebunder</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>She*bang"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Shebeen</er>.]</ety> <def>A jocosely depreciative name for a
dwelling or shop.</def> <mark>[Slang,U.S.]</mark>
<hw>She*been"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Irish
origin; cf. Ir. <ets>seapa</ets> a shop.]</ety> <def>A low public
house; especially, a place where spirits and other excisable
liquors are illegally and privately sold.</def>
<mark>[Ireland]</mark><-- in the 1920's, termed a speakeasy -->
<hw>She*chi"nah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shekinah</er>.</def>
<hw>Sheck"la*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Ciclatoun</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of gilt leather. See
<er>Checklaton</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Shed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The same word as
<ets>shade</ets>. See <er>Shade</er>.]</ety> <def>A slight or
temporary structure built to shade or shelter something; a
structure usually open in front; an outbuilding; a hut; <as>as, a
wagon <ex>shed</ex>; a wood <ex>shed</ex></as>.</def>
<q>The first Aletes born in lowly <qex>shed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<q><qex>Sheds</qex> of reeds which summer's heat repel.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>
<hw>Shed</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shed</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shedding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>scheden</ets>,
<ets>sch<?/den</ets>, to pour, to part, AS. <ets>sc\'bedan</ets>,
<ets>sce\'a0dan</ets>, to pert, to separate; akin to OS.
<ets>sk<?/<?/an</ets>, OFries. sk<?/tha, G. <ets>scheiden</ets>,
OHG. <ets>sceidan</ets>, Goth. <ets>skaidan</ets>, and probably
to Lith. <ets>sk\'89du</ets> I part, separate, L.
<ets>scindere</ets> to cleave, to split, Gr. <?/<?/<?/, Skr.
<ets>chid</ets>, and perch. also to L. <ets>caedere</ets> to cut.
<root/159. Cf. <er>Chisel</er>, <er>Concise</er>,
<er>Schism</er>, <er>Sheading</er>, <er>Sheath</er>,
<er>Shide</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To separate; to
divide.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.Eng.]</mark>
<au>Robert of Brunne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To part with; to throw off or give forth from
one's self; to emit; to diffuse; to cause to emanate or flow; to
pour forth or out; to spill; <as>as, the sun <ex>sheds</ex>
light; she <ex>shed</ex> tears; the clouds <ex>shed</ex>
rain</as>.</def>
<q>Did Romeo's hand <qex>shed</qex> Tybalt's blood?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Twice seven consenting years have <qex>shed</qex>
Their utmost bounty on thy head.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To let fall; to throw off, as a natural covering
of hair, feathers, shell; to cast; <as>as, fowls <ex>shed</ex>
their feathers; serpents <ex>shed</ex> their skins; trees
<ex>shed</ex> leaves</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to flow off without penetrating;
<as>as, a tight roof, or covering of oiled cloth, <ex>sheeds</ex>
water</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To sprinkle; to intersperse; to cover.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdHer hair . . . is <xex>shed</xex> with
gray.\'b8
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>To divide, as the warp
threads, so as to form a shed, or passageway, for the
shuttle.</def>
<hw>Shed</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fall in
drops; to pour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Such a rain down from the welkin <qex>shadde</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To let fall the parts, as seeds or fruit; to
throw off a covering or envelope.</def>
<q>White oats are apt to <qex>shed</qex> most as they lie, and
black as they stand.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<hw>Shed</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A parting; a
separation; a division.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.Eng.]</mark>
<q>They say also that the manner of making the <qex>shed</qex> of
newwedded wives' hair with the iron head of a javelin came up
then likewise.</q>
<qau>Sir T. North.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of shedding or spilling; -- used only in
composition, as in blood<xex>shed</xex>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which parts, divides, or sheds; -- used in
composition, as in water<xex>shed</xex>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>The passageway between the
threads of the warp through which the shuttle is thrown, having a
sloping top and bottom made by raising and lowering the alternate
threads.</def>
<hw>Shed"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, sheds; <as>as, a <ex>shedder</ex> of
blood; a <ex>shedder</ex> of tears</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A crab in the act of
casting its shell, or immediately afterwards while still soft; --
applied especially to the edible crabs, which are most prized
while in this state.</def>
<hw>Shed"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of shedding, separating, or casting off or out;
<as>as, the <ex>shedding</ex> of blood</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is shed, or cast off.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Wordsworth.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shel"fa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shil"fa</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The chaffinch; -- so named from its call note.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sheel"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>skj<?/l</ets> a shelter, a cover; akin to Dan. & Sw.
<ets>skjul</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hut or small cottage in an
expessed or a retired place (as on a mountain or at the seaside)
such as is used by shepherds, fishermen, sportsmen, etc.; a
summer cottage; also, a shed.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sheel</asp>, <asp>shealing</asp>, <asp>sheiling</asp>,
etc.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sheel"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Sheelfa</er>.</def>
<hw>Sheen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sehene</ets>, AS. <ets>sci\'82ne</ets>, <ets>sc<?/ne</ets>,
<ets>sc<?/ne</ets>, splendid, beautiful; akin to OFries.
<ets>sk<?/ne</ets>, <ets>sk<?/ne</ets>, OS. <ets>sc<?/ni</ets>,
D. <ets>schoon</ets>, G. <ets>sch\'94n</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sc<?/ni</ets>, Goth, <ets>skanus</ets>, and E.
<ets>shew</ets>; the original meaning being probably, visible,
worth seeing. It is not akin to E. <ets>shine</ets>. See
<er>Shew</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Bright; glittering;
radiant; fair; showy; sheeny.</def> <mark>[R., except in
poetry.]</mark>
<q>This holy maiden, that is so bright and <qex>sheen</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Up rose each warrier bold and brave,
Glistening in filed steel and armor <qex>sheen</qex>.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<hw>Sheen</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To shine; to glisten.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<q>This town,
That, <qex>sheening</qex> far, celestial seems to be.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<hw>Sheen</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Brightness; splendor;
glitter.</def> \'bdThroned in celestial <xex>sheen</xex>.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sheen""ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Brightly</def>.
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>
<hw>Sheen"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bright;
shining; radiant; sheen.</def> \'bdA <xex>sheeny</xex> summer
morn.\'b8
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Sheep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shep</ets>, <ets>scheep</ets>, AS. <ets>sc<?/p</ets>,
<ets>sce\'a0p</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>sk<?/p</ets>, LG. & D.
<ets>schaap</ets>, G. <ets>schaf</ets>, OHG. <ets>sc\'bef</ets>,
Skr. <ets>ch\'bega</ets>. <root/295. Cf.
<er>Sheepherd</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of several species of ruminants of the genus
<spn>Ovis</spn>, native of the higher mountains of both
hemispheres, but most numerous in Asia.</def>
<note><hand/ The domestic sheep (<spn>Ovis aries</spn>) varies
much in size, in the length and texture of its wool, the form and
size of its horns, the length of its tail, etc. It was
domesticated in prehistoric ages, and many distinct breeds have
been produced; as the merinos, celebrated for their fine wool;
the Cretan sheep, noted for their long horns; the fat-tailed, or
Turkish, sheep, remarkable for the size and fatness of the tail,
which often has to be supported on trucks; the Southdowns, in
which the horns are lacking; and an Asiatic breed which always
has four horns.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A weak, bashful, silly fellow.</def>
<au>Ainsworth.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Fig.: The people of God, as
being under the government and protection of Christ, the great
Shepherd.</def>
<cs><col>Rocky mountain sheep</col>.<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Bighorn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Maned sheep</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Aoudad</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sheep
bot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the sheep
botfly. See <er>Estrus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sheep dog</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a shepherd dog, or collie.</cd> --
<col>Sheep laurel</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small North
American shrub (<spn>Kalmia angustifolia</spn>) with deep
rose-colored flowers in corymbs.</cd> -- <col>Sheep pest</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian plant (<spn>Ac\'91na
ovina</spn>) related to the burnet. The fruit is covered with
barbed spines, by which it adheres to the wool of sheep.</cd> --
<col>Sheep run</col>, <cd>an extensive tract of country where
sheep range and graze.</cd> -- <col>Sheep's beard</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a cichoraceous herb (<spn>Urospermum
Dalechampii</spn>) of Southern Europe; -- so called from the
conspicuous pappus of the achenes.</cd> -- <col>Sheep's
bit</col><cd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, a European herb (<spn>Jasione
montana</spn>) having much the appearance of scabious.</cd> --
<col>Sheep pox</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a contagious disease
of sheep, characterixed by the development of vesicles or pocks
upon the skin.</cd> -- <col>Sheep scabious</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Sheep's bit</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sheep shears</col>, <cd>shears in which the blades form the
two ends of a steel bow, by the elasticity of which they open as
often as pressed together by the hand in cutting; -- so called
because used to cut off the wool of sheep.</cd> -- <col>Sheep
sorrel</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a prerennial herb
(<spn>Rumex Acetosella</spn>) growing naturally on poor, dry,
gravelly soil. Its leaves have a pleasant acid taste like
sorrel.</cd> -- <col>Sheep's-wool</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the highest grade of Florida commercial sponges (<spn>Spongia
equina</spn>, variety <spn>gossypina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Sheep
tick</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wingless parasitic insect
(<spn>Melophagus ovinus</spn>) belonging to the Diptera. It fixes
its proboscis in the skin of the sheep and sucks the blood,
leaving a swelling. Called also <altname>sheep pest</altname>,
and <altname>sheep louse</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sheep
walk</col>, <cd>a pasture for sheep; a sheep run.</cd> --
<col>Wild sheep</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Argali</er>, <er>Mouflon</er>, and
<er>O\'94rial</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sheep"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A rounded knoll of rock resembling the
back of a sheep. -- produced by glacial action. Called also
<altname>roche moutonn\'82e</altname>; -- usually in the
plural.</def>
<hw>Sheep"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The edible fruit of a small North American
tree of the genus <spn>Viburnum</spn> (<spn>V. Lentago</spn>),
having white flowers in flat cymes; also, the tree itself. Called
also <altname>nannyberry</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sheep"bite`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bite
or nibble like a sheep; hence, to practice petty thefts.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sheep"bit`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
practices petty thefts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>There are political <qex>sheepbiters</qex> as well as
pastoral; betrayers of public trusts as well as of private.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sheep"cot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sheep"cote`</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small inclosure for
sheep; a pen; a fold.</def>
<hw>Sheep"-faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Over-bashful; sheepish.</def>
<hw>Sheep"fold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fold or
pen for sheep; a place where sheep are collected or
confined.</def>
<hw>Sheep"-head`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Silly;
simple-minded; stupid.</def>
<au>Taylor (1630)</au>
<hw>Sheep"hook`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hook
fastened to pole, by which shepherds lay hold on the legs or
necks of their sheep; a shepherd's crook.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Sheep"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or
pertaining to sheep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Like a sheep; bashful; over-modest; meanly or
foolishly diffident; timorous to excess.</def>
<q>Wanting change of company, he will, when he comes abroad, be a
<qex>sheepish</qex> or conceited creature.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sheep"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sheep"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sheep"mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A keeper
or feeder of sheep; also, an owner of sheep.</def>
<au>2 Kings iii. 4.</au>
<hw>Sheep"rack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The starling.</def>
<hw>Sheep's"-eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A modest,
diffident look; a loving glance; -- commonly in the plural.</def>
<q>I saw her just now give him the languishing eye, as they call
it; . . . of old called the <qex>sheep's-eye</qex>.</q>
<qau>Wycherley.</qau>
<hw>Sheep's-foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
printer's tool consisting of a metal bar formed into a hammer
head at one end and a claw at the other, -- used as a lever and
hammer.</def>
<hw>Sheep"shank`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A hitch by which a rope may be
temporarily shortened.</def>
<hw>Sheeps"head`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So
called because of the fancied resemblance of its head and front
teeth to those of a sheep.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
large and valuable sparoid food fish (<spn>Archosargus, <or/
Diplodus, probatocephalus</spn>) found on the Atlantic coast of
the United States. It often weighs from ten to twelve
pounds.</def>
<note><hand/ The name is also locally, in a loose way, applied to
various other fishes, as the butterfish, the fresh-water
drumfish, the parrot fish, the porgy, and the moonfish.</note>
<hw>Sheep"-shear`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
shears, or cuts off the wool from, sheep.</def>
<hw>Sheep"-shear`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Act of shearing sheep.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A feast at the time of sheep-shearing.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sheep"skin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The skin of a sheep; or, leather prepared from it.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A diploma; -- so called because usually written
or printed on parchment prepared from the skin of the
sheep.</def> <mark>[College Cant]</mark>
<hw>Sheep"split`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A split of
a sheepskin; one of the thin sections made by splitting a
sheepskin with a cutting knife or machine.</def>
<hw>Sheep"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling
sheep; sheepish.</def>
<au>Testament of Love.</au>
<hw>Sheer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shere</ets>, <ets>skere</ets>, pure, bright, Icel.
<ets>sk<?/rr</ets>; akin to <ets>sk\'c6rr</ets>, AS.
<ets>sc\'c6r</ets>, OS. <ets>sk\'c6ri</ets>, MHG.
<ets>sch\'c6r</ets>, G. <ets>schier</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sk<?/r</ets>, Sw. <ets>sk\'84r</ets>, Goth.
<ets>skeirs</ets> clear, and E. <ets>shine</ets>. <root/157. See
<er>Shine</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Bright;
clear; pure; unmixed.</def> \'bd<xex>Sheer</xex> ale.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Thou <qex>sheer</qex>, immaculate, and silver fountain.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Very thin or transparent; -- applied to fabrics;
<as>as, <ex>sheer</ex> muslin</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Being only what it seems to be; obvious; simple;
mere; downright; <as>as, <ex>sheer</ex> folly; <ex>sheer</ex>
nonsense</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>sheer</xex> impossibility.\'b8
<au>De Quincey.</au>
<q>It is not a <qex>sheer</qex> advantage to have several strings
to one's bow.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Stright up and down; vertical;
prpendicular.</def>
<q>A <qex>sheer</qex> precipice of a thousand feet.</q>
<qau>J. D. Hooker.</qau>
<q>It was at least
Nine roods of <qex>sheer</qex> ascent.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<hw>Sheer</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Clean; quite; at once.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sheer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Shear</er>.]</ety>
<def>To shear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Sheer</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sheered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sheering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D.
<ets>sheren</ets> to shear, cut, withdraw, warp. See
<er>Shear</er>.]</ety> <def>To decline or deviate from the line
of the proper course; to turn aside; to swerve; <as>as, a ship
<ex>sheers</ex> from her course; a horse <ex>sheers</ex> at a
bicycle</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To sheer off</col>, <cd>to turn or move aside to a
distance; to move away.</cd> -- <col>To sheer up</col>, <cd>to
approach obliquely.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sheer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The longitudinal upward curvature of the deck,
gunwale, and lines of a vessel, as when viewed from the
side.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The position of a vessel riding at
single anchor and swinging clear of it.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A turn or change in a course.</def>
<q>Give the canoe a <qex>sheer</qex> and get nearer to the
shore.</q>
<qau>Cooper.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Shears See
<er>Shear</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Sheer batten</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>a long
strip of wood to guide the carpenters in following the sheer
plan.</cd> -- <col>Sheer boom</col>, <cd>a boom slanting across a
stream to direct floating logs to one side.</cd> -- <col>Sheer
hulk</col>. <cd>See <cref>Shear hulk</cref>, under
<er>Hulk</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sheer plan</col>, <or/
<col>Sheer draught</col></mcol> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>a
projection of the lines of a vessel on a vertical longitudinal
plane passing through the middle line of the vessel.</cd> --
<col>Sheer pole</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an iron rod lashed
to the shrouds just above the dead-eyes and parallel to the
ratlines.</cd> -- <col>Sheer strake</col>
<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>the strake under the gunwale on
the top side. <au>Totten</au>.</cd> -- <col>To break sheer</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to deviate from sheer, and risk fouling
the anchor.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sheer"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>At once;
absolutely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sheer"wa`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The shearwater.</def>
<hw>Sheet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shete</ets>, <ets>schete</ets>, AS. <ets>sc<?/te</ets>,
<ets>sc<?/te</ets>, fr. <ets>sce\'a0t</ets> a projecting corner,
a fold in a garment (akin to D. <ets>schoot</ets> sheet, bosom,
lap, G. <ets>schoss</ets> bosom, lap, flap of a coat, Icel.
<ets>skaut</ets>, Goth. <ets>skauts</ets> the hem of a garment);
originally, that which shoots out, from the root of AS.
<ets>sce\'a2tan</ets> to shoot. <root/159. See <er>Shoot</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>In general, a large, broad piece of
anything thin, as paper, cloth, etc.; a broad, thin portion of
any substance; an expanded superficies.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A broad piece of cloth, usually linen or
cotton, used for wrapping the body or for a covering; especially,
one used as an article of bedding next to the body.</def>
<q>He fell into a trance, and saw heaven opened, and a certain
vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great
<qex>sheet</qex> knit at the four corners.</q>
<qau>Acts x. 10, 11.</qau>
<q>If I do die before thee, prithee, shroud me
In one of those same <qex>sheets</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A broad piece of paper, whether folded or
unfolded, whether blank or written or printed upon; hence, a
letter; a newspaper, etc.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A single
signature of a book or a pamphlet; in <pluf>pl.</pluf>, the book
itself.
<q>To this the following <qex>sheets</qex> are intended for a
full and distinct answer.</q>
<qau>Waterland.</qau>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A broad, thinly expanded portion of metal or
other substance; <as>as, a <ex>sheet</ex> of copper, of glass, or
the like; a plate; a leaf</as></def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A broad
expanse of water, or the like</def>. \'bdThe two beautiful
<xex>sheets</xex> of water.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>. <sd>(f)</sd>
<def>A sail</def>. <au>Dryden</au>. <sd>(g)</sd>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An extensive bed of an eruptive rock
intruded between, or overlying, other strata</def>.
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[AS. <ets>sce\'a0ta</ets>. See the Etymology
above.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A rope or
chain which regulates the angle of adjustment of a sail in
relation in relation to the wind; -- usually attached to the
lower corner of a sail, or to a yard or a boom.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The space in the forward or
the after part of a boat where there are no rowers; <as>as, fore
<ex>sheets</ex>; stern <ex>sheets</ex>.</as></def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sheet</xex> is often used adjectively, or in
combination, to denote that the substance to the name of which it
is prefixed is in the form of sheets, or thin plates or leaves;
as, <xex>sheet</xex> brass, or <xex>sheet</xex>-brass;
<xex>sheet</xex> glass, or <xex>sheet</xex>-glass;
<xex>sheet</xex> gold, or <xex>sheet</xex>-gold; sheet iron, or
<xex>sheet</xex>-iron, etc.</note>
<cs><col>A sheet in the wind</col>, <cd>half drunk.</cd>
<mark>[Sailors' Slang]</mark> -- <col>Both sheets in the
wind</col>, <cd>very drunk.</cd> <mark>[Sailors' Slang]</mark> --
<col>In sheets</col>, <cd>lying flat or expanded; not folded, or
folded but not bound; -- said especially of printed sheets.</cd>
-- <col>Sheet bend</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a bend or hitch
used for temporarily fastening a rope to the bight of another
rope or to an eye.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sheet lightning</col>,
<col>Sheet piling</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under
<er>Lightning</er>, <er>Piling</er>, etc.</cd></cs>
<-- Three sheets to the wind, very drunk (now more common than
"both sheets in the wind" -->
<hw>Sheet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sheeted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sheeting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To furnish with
a sheet or sheets; to wrap in, or cover with, a sheet, or as with
a sheet.</def> \'bdThe <xex>sheeted</xex> dead.\'b8 \'bdWhen snow
the pasture <xex>sheets</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<-- p. 1327 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To expand, as a sheet.</def>
<q>The star shot flew from the welkin blue,
As it fell from the <qex>sheeted</qex> sky.</q>
<qau>J. R. Drake.</qau>
<cs><col>To sheet home</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to haul upon
a sheet until the sail is as flat, and the clew as near the wind,
as possible.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sheet" an"chor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[OE.
<ets>scheten</ets> to shoot, AS. <ets>sce\'a2tan</ets>; cf. OE.
<ets>shoot anchor</ets>. See <er>Shoot</er>, <ets>v.
t.</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large
anchor stowed on shores outside the waist of a vessel; -- called
also <altname>waist anchor</altname>. See the Note under
<er>Anchor</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything regarded as a sure support or
dependence in danger; the best hope or refuge.</def>
<hw>Sheet" ca"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The
cable belonging to the sheet anchor.</def>
<hw>Sheet" chain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A
chain sheet cable.</def>
<hw>Sheet"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sheetfuls</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>Enough to fill a
sheet; as much as a sheet can hold.</def>
<hw>Sheet"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Cotton or
linen cloth suitable for bed sheets. It is sometimes made of
double width.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Hydraul. Engin.)</fld> <def>A lining of planks
or boards (rarely of metal) for protecting an embankment.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act or process of forming into sheets, or
flat pieces; also, material made into sheets.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sheik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>sheikh</ets>, <ets>shaykh</ets>, a venerable old man, a
chief, fr. <ets>sh\'bekha</ets> to grow or be old.]</ety>
<def>The head of an Arab family, or of a clan or a tribe; also,
the chief magistrate of an Arab village. The name is also applied
to Mohammedan ecclesiastics of a high grade.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>scheik</asp>, <asp>shaik</asp>,
<asp>sheikh</asp>.]</altsp>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shell"ing</hw>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Sheeling</er>.</def>
<hw>Shek"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.
<ets>shegel</ets>, fr. <ets>sh\'begal</ets> to weigh.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An ancient weight and coin used by the Jews and
by other nations of the same stock.</def>
<note><hand/ A common estimate makes the shekel equal in weight
to about 130 grains for gold, 224 grains for silver, and 450
grains for copper, and the approximate values of the coins are
(gold) $5.00, (silver) 60 cents, and (copper half shekel), one
and one half cents.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A jocose term for
<xex>money</xex>.</def>
<hw>She*ki"nah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb Talmud
<ets>shek\'c6n\'beh</ets>, fr. <ets>sh\'bekan</ets> to
inhabit.]</ety> <def>The visible majesty of the Divine Presence,
especially when resting or dwelling between the cherubim on the
mercy seat, in the Tabernacle, or in the Temple of Solomon; -- a
term used in the Targums and by the later Jews, and adopted by
Christians.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>Shechinah</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)</au>
<hw>Sheld</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE., fr.
<ets>sheld</ets> a shield, probably in allusion to the
ornamentation of shields. See <er>Shield</er>.]</ety>
<def>Variegated; spotted; speckled; piebald.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sheld"a*fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sheld"a*ple</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps for <ets>sheld
dapple</ets>. Cf. <er>Sheldrake</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A chaffinch.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>sheldapple</asp>, and <asp>shellapple</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sheld"fowl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common sheldrake.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shel"drake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sheld</ets> + <ets>drake</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of large
Old World ducks of the genus <spn>Tadorna</spn> and allied
genera, especially the European and Asiatic species. (<spn>T.
cornuta, <or/ tadorna</spn>), which somewhat resembles a goose in
form and habit, but breeds in burrows.</def>
<note><hand/ It has the head and neck greenish black, the breast,
sides, and forward part of the back brown, the shoulders and
middle of belly black, the speculum green, and the bill and
frontal bright red. Called also <altname>shelduck</altname>,
<altname>shellduck</altname>, <altname>sheldfowl</altname>,
<altname>skeelduck</altname>, <altname>bergander</altname>,
<altname>burrow duck</altname>, and <altname>links
goose</altname>.</note>
<note><hand/ The Australian sheldrake (<spn>Tadorna radja</spn>)
has the head, neck, breast, flanks, and wing coverts white, the
upper part of the back and a band on the breast deep chestnut,
and the back and tail black. The chestnut sheldrake of Australia
(<spn>Casarca tadornoides</spn>) is varied with black and
chestnut, and has a dark green head and neck. The ruddy
sheldrake, or Braminy duck (<spn>C. rutila</spn>), and the
white-winged sheldrake (<spn>C. leucoptera</spn>), are related
Asiatic species.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any one of the American mergansers.</def>
<note><hand/ The name is also loosely applied to other ducks, as
the canvasback, and the shoveler.</note>
<hw>Shel"duck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sheld</ets> variegated + <ets>duck</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sheldrake.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>shellduck</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Shelf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Shelves</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.
<ets>shelfe</ets>, <ets>schelfe</ets>, AS. <ets>scylfe</ets>;
akin to G. <ets>schelfe</ets>, Icel. <ets>skj\'belf</ets>. In
senses 2 & 3, perhaps a different word (cf. <er>Shelve</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>).]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A
flat tablet or ledge of any material set horizontally at a
distance from the floor, to hold objects of use or
ornament.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sand bank in the sea, or a rock, or ledge of
rocks, rendering the water shallow, and dangerous to ships.</def>
<q>On the tawny sands and <qex>shelves</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>On the secret <qex>shelves</qex> with fury cast.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A stratum lying in a very
even manner; a flat, projecting layer of rock.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of timber running the
whole length of a vessel inside the timberheads.</def>
<au>D. Kemp.</au>
<cs><col>To lay on the shelf</col>, <cd>to lay aside as
unnecessary or useless; to dismiss; to discard.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shelf"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Abounding in shelves; full of dangerous shallows.</def>
\'bdA <xex>shelfy</xex> coast.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full of strata of rock.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The tillable fields are in some places . . . so
<qex>shelfy</qex> that the corn hath much ado to fasten its
root.</q>
<qau>Carew.</qau>
<hw>Shell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shelle</ets>, <ets>schelle</ets>, AS. <ets>scell</ets>,
<ets>scyll</ets>; akin to D. <ets>shel</ets>, Icel.
<ets>skel</ets>, Goth. <ets>skalja</ets> a tile, and E.
<ets>skill</ets>. Cf. <er>Scale</er> of fishes, <er>Shale</er>,
<er>Skill</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hard outside covering,
as of a fruit or an animal.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The covering, or outside part, of a nut; <as>as, a hazelnut
<ex>shell</ex></as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A pod</def>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The hard covering of an egg.</def>
<q>Think him as a serpent's egg, . . .
And kill him in the <qex>shell</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hard calcareous or
chitinous external covering of mollusks, crustaceans, and some
other invertebrates. In some mollusks, as the cuttlefishes, it is
internal, or concealed by the mantle. Also, the hard covering of
some vertebrates, as the armadillo, the tortoise, and the
like.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Hence, by
extension, any mollusks having such a covering</def>.
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A hollow projectile, of
various shapes, adapted for a mortar or a cannon, and containing
an explosive substance, ignited with a fuse or by percussion, by
means of which the projectile is burst and its fragments
scattered. See <er>Bomb</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The case which holds the powder, or charge of
powder and shot, used with breechloading small arms.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or
exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in;
<as>as, the <ex>shell</ex> of a house</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A coarse kind of coffin; also, a thin interior
coffin inclosed in a more substantial one.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>An instrument of music, as a lyre, -- the first
lyre having been made, it is said, by drawing strings over a
tortoise shell.</def>
<q>When Jubal struck the chorded <qex>shell</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>An engraved copper roller used in print
works.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The husks of cacao seeds, a
decoction of which is often used as a substitute for chocolate,
cocoa, etc.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The outer frame or case of a
block within which the sheaves revolve.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>A light boat the frame of which is covered with
thin wood or with paper; <as>as, a racing
<ex>shell</ex></as>.</def>
<cs><col>Message shell</col>, <cd>a bombshell inside of which
papers may be put, in order to convey messages.</cd> --
<col>Shell bit</col>, <cd>a tool shaped like a gouge, used with a
brace in boring wood. See <er>Bit</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd> --
<col>Shell button</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A button made of
shell</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A hollow button made of two pieces,
as of metal, one for the front and the other for the back, --
often covered with cloth, silk, etc.</cd> -- <col>Shell
cameo</col>, <cd>a cameo cut in shell instead of stone.</cd> --
<col>Shell flower</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<er>Turtlehead</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shell gland</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A glandular organ in which
the rudimentary shell is formed in embryonic mollusks</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A glandular organ which secretes the eggshells
of various worms, crustacea, mollusks, etc.</cd> -- <col>Shell
gun</col>, <cd>a cannon suitable for throwing shells.</cd> --
<col>Shell ibis</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the openbill of
India.</cd> -- <col>Shell jacket</col>, <cd>an undress military
jacket.</cd> -- <col>Shell lime</col>, <cd>lime made by burning
the shells of shellfish.</cd> -- <col>Shell marl</col>
<fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of marl characterized by an
abundance of shells, or fragments of shells.</cd> -- <col>Shell
meat</col>, <cd>food consisting of shellfish, or testaceous
mollusks. <au>Fuller</au>.</cd> -- <col>Shell mound</col>.
<cd>See under <er>Mound</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shell of a
boiler</col>, <cd>the exterior of a steam boiler, forming a case
to contain the water and steam, often inclosing also flues and
the furnace; the barrel of a cylindrical, or locomotive,
boiler.</cd> -- <col>Shell road</col>, <cd>a road of which the
surface or bed is made of shells, as oyster shells.</cd> --
<col>Shell sand</col>, <cd>minute fragments of shells
constituting a considerable part of the seabeach in some
places.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shell</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shelled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shelling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
strip or break off the shell of; to take out of the shell, pod,
etc.; <as>as, to <ex>shell</ex> nuts or pease; to <ex>shell</ex>
oysters.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To separate the kernels of (an ear of Indian
corn, wheat, oats, etc.) from the cob, ear, or husk.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To throw shells or bombs upon or into; to
bombard; <as>as, to <ex>shell</ex> a town</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To shell out</col>, <cd>to distribute freely; to bring
out or pay, as money.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Shell</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fall off, as
a shell, crust, etc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall
out of the pod or husk; <as>as, nuts <ex>shell</ex> in
falling</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be disengaged from the ear or husk; <as>as,
wheat or rye <ex>shells</ex> in reaping</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shell"-lac`</hw>, <hw>Shel"lac`</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Shell</ets> +
<ets>lac</ets> a resinous substance; cf. D. <ets>shellak</ets>,
G. <ets>schellack</ets>.]</ety> <def>See the Note under 2d
<er>Lac</er>.</def>
<hw>Shell"ap`ple</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Sheldafle</er>.</def>
<hw>Shell"bark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of hickory (<spn>Carya
alba</spn>) whose outer bark is loose and peeling; a shagbark;
also, its nut.</def>
<hw>Shelled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a shell.</def>
<hw>Shell"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, shells; <as>as, an oyster <ex>sheller</ex>; a corn
<ex>sheller</ex>.</as></def>
<hw>Shell"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any aquatic animal whose external
covering consists of a shell, either testaceous, as in oysters,
clams, and other mollusks, or crustaceous, as in lobsters and
crabs.</def>
<hw>Shell"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Groats; hulled oats.</def>
<au>Simmonds.</au>
<hw>Shell"-less</hw><def>, <pos>a.</pos> Having no shell.</def>
<au>J. Burroughs.</au>
<hw>Shell"proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
resisting bombs or other shells; bombproof.</def>
<hw>Shell"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Work
composed of shells, or adorned with them.</def>
<au>Cotgrave.</au>
<hw>Shell"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding with
shells; consisting of shells, or of a shell.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>shelly</xex> shore.\'b8
<au>Prior.</au>
<q>Shrinks backward in his <qex>shelly</qex> cave.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Shel"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.
<ets>scheltrun</ets>, <ets>shiltroun</ets>,
<ets>schelltrome</ets>, <ets>scheldtrome</ets>, a guard,
squadron, AS. <ets>scildtruma</ets> a troop of men with shields;
<ets>scild</ets> shield + <ets>truma</ets> a band of men. See
<er>Shield</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which
covers or defends from injury or annoyance; a protection; a
screen.</def>
<q>The sick and weak the healing plant shall aid,
From storms a <qex>shelter</qex>, and from heat a shade.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who protects; a guardian; a defender.</def>
<q>Thou [God] hast been a <qex>shelter</qex> for me.</q>
<qau>Ps. lxi. 3. </qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being covered and protected;
protection; security.</def>
<q>Who into <qex>shelter</qex> takes their tender bloom.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<cs><col>Shelter tent</col>,<cd>a small tent made of pieces of
cotton duck arranged to button together. In field service the
soldiers carry the pieces.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Asylum; refuge; retreat; covert; sanctuary;
protection; defense; security.</syn>
<hw>Shel"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sheltered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sheltering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be a
shelter for; to provide with a shelter; to cover from injury or
annoyance; to shield; to protect.</def>
<q>Those ruins <qex>sheltered</qex> once his sacred head.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>You have no convents . . . in which such persons may be
received and <qex>sheltered</qex>.</q>
<qau>Southey.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To screen or cover from notice; to
disguise.</def>
<q>In vain I strove to cheek my growing flame,
Or <qex>shelter</qex> passion under friendship's name.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To betake to cover, or to a safe place; -- used
reflexively.</def>
<q>They <qex>sheltered</qex> themselves under a rock.</q>
<qau>Abp. Abbot.</qau>
<hw>Shel"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take shelter.</def>
<q>There oft the Indian herdsman, shunning heat,
<qex>Shelters</qex> in cool.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Shel"ter*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of shelter
or protection.</def>
<q>Now sad and <qex>shelterless</qex> perhaps she lies.</q>
<qau>Rowe.</qau>
<hw>Shel"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affording
shelter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shel"tie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shel"ty</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Shetland pony.</def>
<hw>Shelve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To furnish with shelves; <as>as, to <ex>shelve</ex> a closet
or a library</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To place on a shelf. Hence: To lay on the shelf;
to put aside; to dismiss from service; to put off indefinitely;
<as>as, to <ex>shelve</ex> an officer; to <ex>shelve</ex> a
claim</as>.</def>
<hw>Shelve</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shelved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shelving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perhapss
originally from the same source as <ets>shallow</ets>, but
influenced by <ets>shelf</ets> a ledge, a platform.]</ety>
<def>To incline gradually; to be slopping; <as>as, the bottom
<ex>shelves</ex> from the shore</as>.</def>
<hw>Shelv"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sloping gradually;
inclining; <as>as, a <ex>shelving</ex> shore</as>.</def>
<au>Shak</au>. \'bd<xex>Shelving</xex> arches.\'b8
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Shelv"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
fitting up shelves; <as>as, the job of <ex>shelving</ex> a
closet</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of laying on a shelf, or on the shelf;
putting off or aside; <as>as, the <ex>shelving</ex> of a
claim</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Material for shelves; shelves,
collectively.</def>
<hw>Shelv"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sloping
gradually; shelving.</def>
<q>The shore was <qex>shelving</qex> and shallow.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Shem"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A descendant
of Shem.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shem*it"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shem"i*tish</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to
<xex>Shem</xex>, the son of Noah, or his descendants. See
<er>Semitic</er>.</def>
<hw>Shem"i*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Semitism</er>.</def>
<hw>Shend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shent</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Shending</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[AS. <ets>scendan</ets> to disgrace, bring to shame, from
<ets>sceand</ets>, <ets>sceond</ets>, disgrace, dishonor, shame;
akin to G. <ets>schande</ets>, Goth. <ets>skanda</ets>. See
<er>Shame</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To injure,
mar, spoil, or harm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdLoss of time
<xex>shendeth</xex> us.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>I fear my body will be <qex>shent</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To blame, reproach, or revile; to degrade,
disgrace, or put to shame.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<au>R. Browning.</au>
<q>The famous name of knighthood foully <qex>shend</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>She passed the rest as Cynthia doth <qex>shend</qex>
The lesser stars.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Shend"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destructive;
ruinous; disgraceful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --
<wordforms><wf>Shend"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>
<au>Fabyan.</au>
<hw>Shend"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Harm; ruin; also,
reproach; disgrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>obs. 3d pers. sing.
pres.</pos> of <er>Shend</er>, for <xex>shendeth</xex>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shent</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shend.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>She"ol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.
<ets>sh<?/<?/l</ets>.]</ety> <def>The place of departed spirits;
Hades; also, the grave.</def>
<q>For thou wilt not leave my soul to <qex>sheel</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ps. xvi. 10. (Rev. Ver.)</qau>
<hw>Shep"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stable; a
shippen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>shepne</qex> brenning with the blacke smoke.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Shep"herd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schepherde</ets>, <ets>schephirde</ets>, AS.
<ets>sce\'a0phyrde</ets>; <ets>sce\'a0p</ets> sheep +
<ets>hyrde</ets>, <ets>hirde</ets>, <ets>heorde</ets>, a herd, a
guardian. See <er>Sheep</er>, and <er>Herd</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A man employed in tending, feeding, and guarding
sheep, esp. a flock grazing at large.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The pastor of a church; one with the religious
guidance of others.</def>
<cs><col>Shepherd bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
crested screamer. See <er>Screamer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shepherd
dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a breed of dogs used largely
for the herding and care of sheep. There are several kinds, as
the collie, or Scotch shepherd dog, and the English shepherd dog.
Called also <altname>shepherd's dog</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Shepherd dog</col>, <cd>a name of Pan. <au>Keats</au>.</cd>
-- <col>Shepherd kings</col>, <cd>the chiefs of a nomadic people
who invaded Egypt from the East in the traditional period, and
conquered it, at least in part. They were expelled after about
five hundred years, and attempts have been made to connect their
expulsion with narrative in the book of Exodus.</cd> --
<col>Shepherd's club</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common
mullein. See <er>Mullein</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shepherd's
crook</col>, <cd>a long staff having the end curved so as to form
a large hook, -- used by shepherds.</cd> -- <col>Shepherd's
needle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the lady's comb.</cd> --
<col>Shepherd's plaid</col>, <cd>a kind of woolen cloth of a
checkered black and white pattern.</cd> -- <col>Shephered
spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a daddy longlegs, or
harvestman.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Shepherd's pouch</col>, <or/
<col>Shepherd's purse</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an
annual cruciferous plant (<spn>Capsella Bursapastoris</spn>)
bearing small white flowers and pouchlike pods. See
<xex>Illust<xex>. of <er>Silicle</er>.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Shepherd's rod</col>, <or/ <col>Shepherd's
staff</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the small
teasel.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shep"herd</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shepherded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shepherding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To tend as a shepherd; to
guard, herd, lead, or drive, as a shepherd.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<q>White, fleecy clouds . . . </q>
<q><qex>Shepherded</qex> by the slow, unwilling wind.</q>
<qau>Shelley.</qau>
<hw>Shep"herd*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who tends
sheep; hence, a rural lass.</def>
<q>She put herself into the garb of a <qex>shepherdess</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<hw>Shep*her"di*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Shepherdias</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. So called
from John <ets>Shepherd</ets>, an English botanist.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs having silvery scurfy
leaves, and belonging to the same family as El\'91agnus; also,
any plant of this genus. See <cref>Buffalo berry</cref>, under
<er>Buffalo</er>.</def>
<-- p. 1328 -->
<hw>Shep"herd*ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Resembling a shepherd; suiting a shepherd; pastoral.</def>
<au>Sir T. Sidney.</au>
<hw>Shep"herd*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Pastoral
life or occupation.</def>
<hw>Shep"herd*ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little
shepherd.</def>
<hw>Shep"herd*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Resembling, or becoming to, a shepherd; pastoral;
rustic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Shep"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
seamstress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Caxton.</au>
<hw>Sher"bet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>sherbet</ets>, <ets>shorbet</ets>, <ets>sharbat</ets>,
properly, one drink or sip, a draught, beverage, from
<ets>shariba</ets> to drink. Cf. <er>Sorbet</er>, <er>Sirup</er>,
<er>Shrub</er> a drink.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A refreshing
drink, common in the East, made of the juice of some fruit,
diluted, sweetened, and flavored in various ways; <as>as, orange
<ex>sherbet</ex>; lemon <ex>sherbet</ex>; raspberry
<ex>sherbet</ex>, etc.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flavored water ice.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A preparation of bicarbonate of soda, tartaric
acid, sugar, etc., variously flavored, for making an effervescing
drink; -- called also <altname>sherbet powder</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sherd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fragment; --
now used only in composition, as in pot<xex>sherd</xex>. See
<er>Shard</er>.</def>
<q>The thigh . . . which all in <qex>sherds</qex> it drove.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Sher"eef</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Sher"if</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>sher\'c6f</ets> noble, holy, n., a prince.]</ety> <def>A
member of an Arab princely family descended from Mohammed through
his son-in-law Ali and daughter Fatima. The Grand Shereef is the
governor of Mecca.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sher"i*at</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.
<ets>sher\'c6 'at</ets>]</ety> <def>The sacred law of the Turkish
empire.</def>
<hw>Sher"iff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>shereve</ets>,
AS. <ets>sc\'c6r-ger<?/fa</ets>; <ets>sc\'c6r</ets> a shire +
<ets>ger<?/fa</ets> a reeve. See Shire, and <er>Reeve</er>, and
cf. <er>Shrievalty</er>.]</ety> <def>The chief officer of a shire
or county, to whom is intrusted the execution of the laws, the
serving of judicial writs and processes, and the preservation of
the peace.</def>
<note><hand/ In England, sheriffs are appointed by the king. In
the United States, sheriffs are elected by the legislature or by
the citizens, or appointed and commissioned by the executive of
the State. The office of sheriff in England is judicial and
ministerial. In the United States, it is mainly ministerial. The
sheriff, by himself or his deputies, executes civil and criminal
process throughout the county, has charge of the jail and
prisoners, attends courts, and keeps the peace. His judicial
authority is generally confined to ascertaining damages on writs
of inquiry and the like. <xex>Sheriff</xex>, in Scotland, called
<xex>sheriff depute</xex>, is properly a judge, having also
certain ministerial powers. <xex>Sheriff clerk</xex> is the clerk
of the Sheriff's Court in Scotland. <xex>Sheriff's Court in
London</xex> is a tribunal having cognizance of certain personal
actions in that city.</note>
<au>Wharton, Tomlins. Erskine.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sher"iff*al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sher"iff*dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sher"iff*ry</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sher"iff*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sher"iff*wick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> }</mhw>
<def>The office or jurisdiction of sheriff. See
<er>Shrievalty</er>.</def>
<hw>Shern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shearn</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sher"ris</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sherry.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sher"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from
<ets>Xeres</ets>, a Spanish town near Cadiz, <ets>x</ets> in
Spanish having been formerly pronounced like <ets>sh</ets> in
English.]</ety> <def>A Spanish light-colored dry wine, made in
Andalusia. As prepared for commerce it is colored a straw color
or a deep amber by mixing with it cheap wine boiled down.</def>
<cs><col>Sherry cobbler</col>, <cd>a beverage prepared with
sherry wine, water, lemon or orange, sugar, ice, etc., and
usually imbided through a straw or a glass tube.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sher"ry*val`lies</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>zaraquelles</ets> wide breeches or
overalls.]</ety> <def>Trousers or overalls of thick cloth or
leather, buttoned on the outside of each leg, and generally worn
to protect other trousers when riding on horseback.</def>
<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Shet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Shet</er>. (<mark>Obs.</mark>
<er>Shette</er> <pr>(<?/ <or/ <?/)</pr>); <pos>p. pr.</pos>
<er>Shet</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shetting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shut.</def> <mark>[Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shete</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
shoot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sheth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The part of a
plow which projects downward beneath the beam, for holding the
share and other working parts; -- also called
<altname>standard</altname>, or <altname>post</altname>.</def>
<hw>Shet"land po"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>One of a small, hardy
breed of horses, with long mane and tail, which originated in the
Shetland Islands; a sheltie.</def>
<hw>Shew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Show</er>.</def>
<hw>Shew</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Show.</def> <mark>[Obs.
<plain>except in</plain> shewbread.]</mark>
<hw>Shew"bread`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See
<er>Showbread</er>.</def>
<hw>Shew"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
scarecrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Trench.</au>
<hw>Shew"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who shews.
See <er>Shower</er>.</def>
<hw>Shewn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Shew</er>.</def>
<hw>Shi"ah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Shiite</er>.</def>
<hw>Shib"bo*leth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.
<ets>shibb<omac/leth</ets> an ear of corn, or a stream, a
flood.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A word which was made the
criterion by which to distinguish the Ephraimites from the
Gileadites. The Ephraimites, not being able to pronounce
<xex>sh</xex>, called the word <xex>sibboleth</xex>. See
<au>Judges xii</au>.</def>
<q>Without reprieve, adjudged to death,
For want of well pronouncing <qex>shibboleth</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<def>Also in an extended sense</def>.
<q>The <qex>th</qex>, with its twofold value, is . . . the
<qex>shibboleth</qex> of foreigners.</q>
<qau>Earle.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, the criterion, test, or watchword of a
party; a party cry or pet phrase.</def>
<hw>Shide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shide</ets>, <ets>schide</ets>, AS. <ets>sc\'c6de</ets>;
akin to OHG. <ets>sc\'c6t</ets>, G. <ets>scheit</ets>, Icel.
<ets>sk\'c6<?/</ets>, and E. <ets>shed</ets>, v.t.]</ety> <def>A
thin board; a billet of wood; a splinter.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shy</er>, to throw.</def>
<hw>Shied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Shy</er>.</def>
<hw>Shiel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sheeling.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Burns.</au>
<hw>Shield</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sheld</ets>, <ets>scheld</ets>, AS. <ets>scield</ets>,
<ets>scild</ets>, <ets>sceld</ets>, <ets>scyld</ets>; akin to OS.
<ets>scild</ets>, OFries. <ets>skeld</ets>, D. & G.
<ets>schild</ets>, OHG. <ets>scilt</ets>, Icel.
<ets>skj\'94ldr</ets>, Sw. <ets>sk\'94ld</ets>, Dan.
<ets>skiold</ets>, Goth. <ets>skildus</ets>; of uncertain origin.
Cf. <er>Sheldrake</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A broad piece of
defensive armor, carried on the arm, -- formerly in general use
in war, for the protection of the body. See
<er>Buckler</er>.</def>
<q>Now put your <qex>shields</qex> before your hearts and fight,
With hearts more proof than <qex>shields</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which protects or defends; defense;
shelter; protection.</def> \'bdMy council is my
<xex>shield</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Figuratively, one who protects or defends.</def>
<q>Fear not, Abram; I am thy <qex>shield</qex>, and thy exceeding
great reward.</q>
<qau>Gen. xv. 1.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>In lichens, a Hardened cup or
disk surrounded by a rim and containing the fructification, or
asci.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The escutcheon or field on
which are placed the bearings in coats of arms. Cf.
<er>Lozenge</er>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Escutcheon</er>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mining & Tunneling)</fld> <def>A framework used
to protect workmen in making an adit under ground, and capable of
being pushed along as excavation progresses.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A spot resembling, or having the form of, a
shield.</def> \'bdBespotted as with <xex>shields</xex> of red and
black.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>A coin, the old French crown, or \'82cu, having
on one side the figure of a shield.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<cs><col>Shield fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any fern of the
genus <spn>Aspidium</spn>, in which the fructifications are
covered with shield-shaped indusia; -- called also <altname>wood
fern</altname>. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<er>Indusium</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shield</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shielded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Shielding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scidan</ets>, <ets>scyldan</ets>. <ets>See</ets>
<er>Shield</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover
with, or as with, a shield; to cover from danger; to defend; to
protect from assault or injury.</def>
<q>Shouts of applause ran ringing through the field,
To see the son the vanquished father <qex>shield</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>A woman's shape doth <qex>shield</qex> thee.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To ward off; to keep off or out.</def>
<q>They brought with them their usual weeds, fit to
<qex>shield</qex> the cold to which they had been inured.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To avert, as a misfortune; hence, as a
supplicatory exclamation, forbid!</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>God <qex>shield</qex> that it should so befall.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>God <qex>shield</qex> I should disturb devotion!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Shield"-bear`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, carries a shield.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small moth of the
genus <spn>Aspidisca</spn>, whose larva makes a shieldlike
covering for itself out of bits of leaves.</def>
<hw>Shield"drake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sheldrake.</def>
<hw>Shield"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of a shield,
or of protection.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Shield"less*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Shield"less*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Shield"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of small burrowing snakes
of the family <spn>Uropeltid\'91</spn>, native of Ceylon and
Southern Asia. They have a small mouth which can not be
dilated.</def>
<hw>Shiel"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hut or
shelter for shepherds of fishers. See <er>Sheeling</er>.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Shift</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shifted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Shifting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shiften</ets>, <ets>schiften</ets>, to divide, change,
remove. AS. <ets>sciftan</ets> to divide; akin to LG. & D.
<ets>schiften</ets> to divide, distinguish, part Icel.
<ets>skipta</ets> to divide, to part, to shift, to change, Dan
<ets>skifte</ets>, Sw. <ets>skifta</ets>, and probably to Icel.
<ets>sk\'c6fa</ets> to cut into slices, as n., a slice, and to E.
<ets>shive</ets>, <ets>sheave</ets>, n., <ets>shiver</ets>,
n.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To divide; to distribute; to
apportion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To which God of his bounty would <qex>shift</qex>
Crowns two of flowers well smelling.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To change the place of; to move or remove from
one place to another; <as>as, to <ex>shift</ex> a burden from one
shoulder to another; to <ex>shift</ex> the blame.</as></def>
<q>Hastily he <qex>schifte</qex> him[self].</q>
<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>
<q>Pare saffron between the two St. Mary's days,
Or set or go <qex>shift</qex> it that knowest the ways.</q>
<qau>Tusser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To change the position of; to alter the bearings
of; to turn; <as>as, to <ex>shift</ex> the helm or
sails</as>.</def>
<q>Carrying the oar loose, [they] <qex>shift</qex> it hither and
thither at pleasure.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To exchange for another of the same class; to
remove and to put some similar thing in its place; to change;
<as>as, to <ex>shift</ex> the clothes; to <ex>shift</ex> the
scenes.</as></def>
<q>I would advise you to <qex>shift</qex> a shirt.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To change the clothing of; -- used
reflexively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>As it were to ride day and night; and . . . not to have
patience to <qex>shift</qex> me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To put off or out of the way by some
expedient.</def> \'bdI <xex>shifted</xex> him away.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>To shift off</col>, <cd>to delay; to defer; to put off;
to lay aside.</cd> -- <col>To shift the scene</col>, <cd>to
change the locality or the surroundings, as in a play or a
story.</cd></cs>
<q><qex>Shift the scene</qex> for half an hour;
Time and place are in thy power.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Shiff</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To divide; to
distribute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Some this, some that, as that him liketh <qex>shift</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a change or changes; to change position;
to move; to veer; to substitute one thing for another; -- used in
the various senses of the transitive verb.</def>
<q>The sixth age <qex>shifts</qex>
Into the lean and slippered pantaloon.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Here the Baillie <qex>shifted</qex> and fidgeted about in his
seat.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To resort to expedients for accomplishing a
purpose; to contrive; to manage.</def>
<q>Men in distress will look to themselves, and leave their
companions to <qex>schift</qex> as well as they can.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To practice indirect or evasive methods.</def>
<q>All those schoolmen, though they were exceeding witty, yet
better teach all their followers to <qex>shift</qex>, than to
resolve by their distinctions.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To slip to one side of a
ship, so as to destroy the equilibrum; -- said of ballast or
cargo; <as>as, the cargo <ex>shifted</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Shift</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel
<ets>skipti</ets>. See <er>Shift</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of shifting.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of putting one thing in the place of
another, or of changing the place of a thing; change;
substitution</def>.
<q>My going to Oxford was not merely for <qex>shift</qex> of
air.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> A turning from one thing to another; hence, an
expedient tried in difficalty; often, an evasion; a trick; a
fraud. \'bdReduced to pitiable <xex>shifts</xex>.\'b8
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<q>I 'll find a thousand <qex>shifts</qex> to get away.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Little souls on little <qex>shifts</qex> rely.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something frequently shifted; especially, a
woman's under-garment; a chemise.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The change of one set of workmen for another;
hence, a spell, or turn, of work; also, a set of workmen who work
in turn with other sets; <as>as, a night
<ex>shift</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>In building, the extent, or arrangement, of the
overlapping of plank, brick, stones, etc., that are placed in
courses so as to break joints.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A breaking off and
dislocation of a seam; a fault.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A change of the position of
the hand on the finger board, in playing the violin.</def>
<cs><col>To make shift</col>, <cd>to contrive or manage in an
exigency. \'bdI shall <xex>make shift<xex> to go without
him.\'b8</cd>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>[They] <qex>made a shift</qex> to keep their own in
Ireland.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
</cs>
<hw>Shift"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Admitting
of being shifted.</def>
<hw>Shift"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, shifts; one who plays tricks or
practices artifice; a cozener.</def>
<q>'T was such a <qex>shifter</qex> that, if truth were known,
Death was half glad when he had got him down.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An assistant to the ship's
cook in washing, steeping, and shifting the salt
provisions.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An arrangement
for shifting a belt sidewise from one pulley to another.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Knitting Mach.)</fld> <def>A wire for changing
a loop from one needle to another, as in narrowing, etc.</def>
<hw>Shift"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being shifty.</def>
<q>Diplomatic <qex>shiftiness</qex> and political
versatility.</q>
<qau>J. A. Syminds.</qau>
<hw>Shift"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Changing in
place, position, or direction; varying; variable; fickle; <as>as,
<ex>shifting</ex> winds; <ex>shifting</ex> opinions or
principles</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Adapted or used for shifting anything.</def>
<cs><col>Shifting backstays</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>temporary stays that have to be let go whenever the vessel
tacks or jibes.</cd> -- <col>Shifting ballast</col>, <cd>ballast
which may be moved from one side of a vessel to another as safety
requires.</cd> -- <col>Shifting center</col>. <cd>See
<er>Metacenter</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shifting locomotive</col>.
<cd>See <cref>Switching engine</cref>, under
<er>Switch</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shift"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a shifting
manner.</def>
<hw>Shift"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of expedients,
or not using successful expedients; characterized by failure,
especially by failure to provide for one's own support, through
negligence or incapacity; hence, lazy; improvident; thriftless;
<as>as, a <ex>shiftless</ex> fellow; <ex>shiftless</ex>
management.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Shift"less*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Shift"less*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Shift"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of, or
ready with, shifts; fertile in expedients or contrivance.</def>
<au>Wright.</au>
<q><qex>Shifty</qex> and thrifty as old Greek or modern Scot,
there were few things he could not invent, and perhaps nothing he
could not endure.</q>
<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shi"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shi"ah</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>sh\'c6'a\'c6</ets>a follower of the sect of Ali, fr.
<ets>sh\'c6'at</ets>, <ets>sh\'c6'ah</ets>, a multitude following
one another in pursuit of the same object, the sect of Ali, fr.
<ets>sh\'be'a</ets> to follow.]</ety> <def>A member of that
branch of the Mohammedans to which the Persians belong. They
reject the first three caliphs, and consider Ali as being the
first and only rightful successor of Mohammed. They do not
acknowledge the Sunna, or body of traditions respecting Mohammed,
as any part of the law, and on these accounts are treated as
heretics by the Sunnites, or orthodox Mohammedans.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shi*ka"ree</hw>, <hw>\'d8Shi*ka"ri</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Hind</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
sportsman; esp., a native hunter.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>
<hw>Shilf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. G.
<ets>shilf</ets> sedge.]</ety> <def>Straw.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
shell.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shill</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Sheal</er>.]</ety>
<def>To put under cover; to sheal.</def> <mark>[Prov.ng.]</mark>
<au>Brockett.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shil*la"lah</hw>, <hw>Shil*le"lah</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An oaken sapling or cudgel; any
cudgel; -- so called from <xex>Shillelagh</xex>, a place in
Ireland of that name famous for its oaks.</def>
<mark>[Irish]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>shillaly</asp>,
and <asp>shillely</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Shil"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shilling</ets>, <ets>schilling</ets>, AS.
<ets>scilling</ets>; akin to D. <ets>schelling</ets>, OS. & OHG.
<ets>scilling</ets>, G. <ets>schilling</ets>, Sw. & Dan.
<ets>skilling</ets>, Icel. <ets>skillingr</ets>, Goth.
<ets>skilliggs</ets>, and perh. to OHG. <ets>scellan</ets> to
sound, G. <ets>schallen</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A silver
coin, and money of account, of Great Britain and its
dependencies, equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a
pound, equivalent to about twenty-four cents of the United States
currency.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the United States, a denomination of money,
differing in value in different States. It is not now legally
recognized.</def>
<note><hand/ Many of the States while colonies had issued bills
of credit which had depreciated in different degrees in the
different colonies. Thus, in New England currency (used also in
Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri,
Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida), after the adoption of the
decimal system, the pound in paper money was worth only $3.333,
and the shilling 16<?/ cts., or 6s. to $1; in New York currency
(also in North Carolina, Ohio, and Michigan), the pound was worth
$2.50, and the shilling 12\'ab cts., or 8s. to $1; in
Pennsylvania currency (also in New Jersey, Delaware, and
Maryland), the pound was worth $2.70, and the shilling 13\'ab
cts., or 7s. 6d. to $1; and in Georgia currency (also in South
Carolina), the pound was worth $4.29<?/, and the shilling 21<?/
cts., or 4s 8d. to $1. In many parts of the country . . . the
reckoning by shillings and pence is not yet entirely
abandoned.</note>
<au>Am. Cyc.</au>
<-- p. 1329 -->
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The Spanish real, of the value of one eight of a
dollar, or 12<?/ cets; -- formerly so called in New York and some
other States. See Note under 2.</def>
<cs><col>York shilling</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Shilling</er>,
3.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shill"-I-shall`-I</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Shil"ly-shal`ly</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[A
reduplication of <ets>shall I</ets>.]</ety> <def>In an
irresolute, undecided, or hesitating manner.</def>
<q>I am somewhat dainty in making a resolution, because when I
make it, I keep it; I don't stand <qex>shill-I-shall-I</qex>
then; if I say 't, I'll do 't.</q>
<qau>Congreve.</qau>
<hw>Shil"ly-shal`ly</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To hesitate; to
act in an irresolute manner; hence, to occupy one's self with
trifles.</def>
<hw>Shil"ly-shal`ly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Irresolution;
hesitation; also, occupation with trifles.</def>
<q><qex>She lost not one of her forty-five minutes in picking and
choosing</qex>, -- <qex>no shilly-shally</qex> in Kate.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Shi"loh</hw> <pr>(sh\'c6\'b6l\'d3)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Heb. <ets>sh\'c6l\'d3h</ets>, literally, quiet, rest, fr.
<ets>sh\'bel\'beh</ets> to rest.]</ety> <fld>(Script.)</fld>
<def>A word used by Jacob on his deathbed, and interpreted
variously, as \'bdthe Messiah,\'b8 or as the city \'bdShiloh,\'b8
or as \'bdRest.\'b8</def>
<hw>Shi"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shyly</er>.</def>
<hw>Shim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind
of shallow plow used in tillage to break the ground, and clear it
of weeds.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A thin piece of metal placed
between two parts to make a fit.</def>
<hw>Shim"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shimmered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shimmering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>schimeren</ets>,
AS. <ets>scimerian</ets>; akin to <ets>sc\'c6mian</ets>,
<ets>sc\'c6man</ets>, to glitter, D. <ets>schemeren</ets>, G.
<ets>schimmern</ets>, Dan. <ets>skimre</ets>, Sw.
<ets>skimra</ets>, AS. <ets>sc\'c6ma</ets> a light, brightness,
Icel. <ets>sk\'c6ma</ets>, Goth. <ets>skeima</ets> a torch, a
lantern, and E. <ets>shine</ets>. <root/157. See <er>Shine</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To shine with a tremulous or
intermittent light; to shine faintly; to gleam; to glisten; to
glimmer.</def>
<q>The <qex>shimmering</qex> glimpses of a stream.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Shim"mer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A faint, tremulous light; a
gleaming; a glimmer.</def>
<q>TWo silver lamps, fed with perfumed oil, diffused . . . a
trembling twilight-seeming <qex>shimmer</qex> through the quiet
apartment.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Shim"mer*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gleam or
glimmering.</def> \'bdA little <xex>shimmering</xex> of a
light.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shim"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
chemise.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Shin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shine</ets>, <ets>schine</ets>, AS. scina; akin to D.
<ets>scheen</ets>, OHG. <ets>scina</ets>, G. <ets>schiene</ets>,
<ets>schien</ets>bein, Dan. <ets>skinne</ets>been, Sw.
<ets>sken</ets>ben. Cf. <er>Chine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The front part of the leg below the knee; the front edge of
the shin bone; the lower part of the leg; the shank.</def> \'bdOn
his <xex>shin</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Railbroad)</fld> <def>A fish plate for
rails.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<cs><col>Shin bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the tibia.</cd>
-- <col>Shin leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a perennial
ericaceous herb (<spn>Pyrola elliptica</spn>) with a cluster of
radical leaves and a raceme of greenish white flowers.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shin</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shinned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shinning</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
climb a mast, tree, rope, or the like, by embracing it
alternately with the arms and legs, without help of steps, spurs,
or the like; -- used with <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>shin</ex>
up a mast</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<-- now usu. shinny -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To run about borrowing money hastily and
temporarily, as for the payment of one's notes at the bank.</def>
<mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Shin</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To climb (a pole, etc.) by
shinning up.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<hw>Shin"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d
<er>Shingle</er>.]</ety> <def>A shingle; also, a slate for
roofing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Shin"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover or roof with
shindles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shin"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Shindies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Etymol. uncertain;
cf. <er>Shinney</er>, <er>Shinty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
uproar or disturbance; a spree; a row; a riot.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hockey; shinney.</def>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fancy or liking.</def> <mark>[Local, U.
S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Shine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shone</er> <pr>(<?/ <or/
<?/; 277)</pr> (<mark>archaic</mark> <er>Shined</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>shinen</ets>,
<ets>schinen</ets>, AS. <ets>sc\'c6nan</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>schijnen</ets>, OFries. <ets>sk\'c6na</ets>, OS. & OHG.
<ets>sc\'c6nan</ets>, G. <ets>scheinen</ets>,
Icel.<ets>sk\'c6na</ets>, Sw. <ets>skina</ets>, Dan.
<ets>skinne</ets>, Goth. <ets>skeinan</ets>, and perh. to Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ shadow. <root/157. Cf. <er>Sheer</er> pure, and
<er>Shimmer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit rays of light;
to give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit
brightness or splendor; <as>as, the sun <ex>shines</ex> by day;
the moon <ex>shines</ex> by night.</as></def>
<q>Hyperion's quickening fire doth <qex>shine</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>God, who commanded the light to <qex>shine</qex> out of
darkness, hath <qex>shined</qex> in our hearts, to give the light
of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus
Cghrist.</q>
<qau>2 Cor. iv. 6.</qau>
<q>Let thine eyes <qex>shine</qex> forth in their full
luster.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be bright by reflection of light; to gleam;
to be glossy; <as>as, to <ex>shine</ex> like polished
silver</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be effulgent in splendor or beauty.</def>
\'bdSo proud she <xex>shined</xex> in her princely state.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>Once brightest <qex>shined</qex> this child of heat and
air.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be eminent, conspicuous, or distinguished; to
exhibit brilliant intellectual powers; <as>as, to <ex>shine</ex>
in courts; to <ex>shine</ex> in conversation</as>.</def>
<q>Few are qualified to <qex>shine</qex> in company; but it in
most men's power to be agreeable.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>To make</col>, <or/ <col>cause</col>, <col>the
face to shine upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to be propitious to; to be
gracious to.</cd></cs>
<au>Num. vi. 25.</au>
<hw>Shine</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
shine, as a light.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>He [God] doth not rain wealth, nor <qex>shine</qex> honor and
virtues, upon men equally.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make bright; to cause to shine by reflected
light; <as>as, in hunting, to <ex>shine</ex> the eyes of a deer
at night by throwing a light on them</as>.</def> <mark>[U.
S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Shine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or
state of shining; brightness; luster, gloss; polish; sheen.</def>
<q>Now sits not girt with taper's holy <qex>shine</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Fair opening to some court's propitious <qex>shine</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>The distant <qex>shine</qex> of the celestial city.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sunshine; fair weather.</def>
<q>Be it fair or foul, or rain or <qex>shine</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A liking for a person; a fancy.</def>
<mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Caper; antic; row.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<cs><col>To cut up shines</col>, <cd>to play pranks.
<mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>
<hw>Shine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sc\'c6n</ets>. See <er>Shine</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<def>Shining; sheen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Shin"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which
shines.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A luminary</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bright piece of money.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<q>Has she the <qex>shiners</qex>, d' ye think?</q>
<qau>Foote.</qau>
<-- [Colloq.] A bruised eye; a <cref>black eye</cref>. -->
<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of small freshwater American cyprinoid fishes, belonging
to <spn>Notropis</spn>, or <spn>Minnilus</spn>, and allied
genera; as the redfin (<spn>Notropis megalops</spn>), and the
golden <ex>shiner</ex> (<spn>Notemigonus chrysoleucus</spn>) of
the Eastern United States; also loosely applied to various other
silvery fishes, as the dollar fish, or horsefish, menhaden,
moonfish, sailor's choice, and the sparada</def>. <sd>(d)</sd>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common Lepisma, or furniture
bug</def>.
<cs><col>Blunt-nosed shiner</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
silver moonfish.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shi"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shyness</er>.</def>
<hw>Shin"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from
Norw. <ets>singl</ets>, <ets>singling</ets>, coarse gravel, small
round stones.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Round, water-worn,
and loose gravel and pebbles, or a collection of roundish stones,
such as are common on the seashore and elsewhere.</def>
<hw>Shin"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>shingle</ets>,
<ets>shindle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>scindula</ets>,
<ets>scandula</ets>; cf. <ets>scindere</ets> to cleave, to split,
E. <ets>shed</ets>, v.t., Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, shingle,
<?/<?/<?/ to slit.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of wood sawed
or rived thin and small, with one end thinner than the other, --
used in covering buildings, especially roofs, the thick ends of
one row overlapping the thin ends of the row below.</def>
<q>I reached St. Asaph, . . . where there is a very poor
cathedral church covered with <qex>shingles</qex> or tiles.</q>
<qau>Ray.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sign for an office or a shop; <as>as, to hang
out one's <ex>shingle</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Jocose, U.
S.]</mark>
<cs><col>Shingle oak</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of oak
(<spn>Quercus imbricaria</spn>) used in the Western States for
making shingles.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shin"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &. p.
p.</pos> <er>Shingled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shingling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with shingles; <as>as, to
<ex>shingle</ex> a roof</as>.</def>
<q>They <qex>shingle</qex> their houses with it.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut, as hair, so that the ends are evenly
exposed all over the head, as shingles on a roof.</def>
<hw>Shin"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To subject to the
process of shindling, as a mass of iron from the pudding
furnace.</def>
<hw>Shin"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who shingles.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A machine for shingling puddled iron.</def>
<hw>Shin"gles</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>cengle</ets> a girth, F. <ets>sangle</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>cingulum</ets> a girdle, fr. <ets>cingere</ets> to gird. Cf.
<er>Cincture</er>, <er>Cingle</er>, <er>Surcingle</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of herpes (<spn>Herpes
zoster</spn>) which spreads half way around the body like a
girdle, and is usually attended with violent neuralgic
pain.</def>
<hw>Shin"gling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of covering with shingles; shingles, collectively; a
covering made of shingles.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metal)</fld> <def>The process of expelling
scori\'91 and other impurities by hammering and squeezing, in the
production of wrought iron.</def>
<cs><col>Shingling hammer</col>, <cd>a ponderous hammer moved by
machinery, used in shingling puddled iron.</cd> -- <col>Shingling
mill</col>, <cd>a mill or forge where puddled iron is
shingled.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shin"gly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding with
shingle, or gravel.</def>
<hw>Shin"hop`ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
hobblebush.</def>
<hw>Shin"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Emitting light, esp. in a continuous manner; radiant;
<as>as, <ex>shining</ex> lamps</as>; also, bright by the
reflection of light; <as>as, <ex>shining</ex> armor</as>.</def>
\'bdFish . . . with their fins and <xex>shining</xex> scales.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Splendid; illustrious; brilliant; distinguished;
conspicious; <as>as, a <ex>shining</ex> example of
charity</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having the surface smooth and polished; -- said
of leaves, the surfaces of shells, etc.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Glistening; bright; radiant; resplendent; effulgent;
lustrous; brilliant; glittering; splendid; illustrious.</syn>
<usage> -- <er>Shining</er>, <er>Brilliant</er>,
<er>Sparking</er>. <xex>Shining</xex> describes the steady
emission of a strong light, or the steady reflection of light
from a clear or polished surface. <xex>Brilliant</xex> denotes a
shining of great brightness, but with gleams or flashes.
<xex>Sparkling</xex> implies a fitful, intense shining from
radiant points or sparks, by which the eye is dazzled. The same
distinctions obtain when these epithets are figuratively applied.
A man of <xex>shining</xex> talents is made conspicious by
possessing them; if they flash upon the mind with a peculiarly
striking effect, we call them <xex>brilliant</xex>; if his
brilliancy is marked by great vivacity and occasional intensity,
he is <xex>sparkling</xex>.</usage>
<q>True paradise . . . inclosed with <qex>shining</qex> rock.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Some in a <qex>brilliant</qex> buckle bind her waist,
Some round her neck a circling light display.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<q>His <qex>sparkling</qex> blade about his head he blest.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Shin"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Emission or reflection of
light.</def>
<hw>Shin"ing*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Brightness.</def>
<au>J. Spence.</au>
<hw>Shin"ney</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF.
<er>Shindy</er>.]</ety> <def>The game of hockey; -- so called
because of the liability of the players to receive blows on the
shin.</def>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<-- shinny. Same as shin, to climb with hands and feet -->
<hw>Shin"plas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Formerly,
a jocose term for a bank note greatly depreciated in value; also,
for paper money of a denomination less than a dollar.</def>
<mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shin"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shin"ti*ism</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Chin. <ets>shin</ets>
god + <ets>tao</ets> way, doctrine.]</ety> <def>One of the two
great systems of religious belief in Japan. Its essence is
ancestor worship, and sacrifice to dead heroes.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>Sintu</asp>, and
<asp>Sintuism</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Shin"to*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An adherent
of Shintoism.</def>
<hw>Shin"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gael.
<ets>sinteag</ets> a skip, a bound.]</ety> <def>A Scotch game
resembling hockey; also, the club used in the game.</def>
<au>Jamieson.</au>
<hw>Shin"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Shinier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Shiniest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Bright;
luminous; clear; unclouded.</def>
<q>Like distant thunder on a <qex>shiny</qex> day.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>-ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[OE. <ets>-schipe</ets>, AS.
<ets>-scipe</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>-skipe</ets>, OLG.
<ets>-skepi</ets>, D. <ets>-schap</ets>, OHG. <ets>-scaf</ets>,
G. <ets>-schaft</ets>. Cf. <er>Shape</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and
<er>Landscape</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix denoting
<xex>state</xex>, <xex>office</xex>, <xex>dignity</xex>,
<xex>profession</xex>, or <xex>art</xex>; as in
lord<xex>ship</xex>, friend<xex>ship</xex>,
chancellor<xex>ship</xex>, steward<xex>ship</xex>,
horseman<xex>ship</xex>.</def>
<hw>Ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scipe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pay; reward.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>In withholding or abridging of the <qex>ship</qex> or the hire
or the wages of servants.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ship</ets>,
<ets>schip</ets>, AS. <ets>scip</ets>; akin to OFries.
<ets>skip</ets>, OS. <ets>scip</ets>, D. <ets>schip</ets>, G.
<ets>schiff</ets>, OHG. <ets>scif</ets>, Dan. <ets>skib</ets>,
Sw. <ets>skeep</ets>, Icel. & Goth. <ets>skip</ets>; of unknown
origin. Cf. <er>Equip</er>, <er>Skiff</er>,
<er>Skipper</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any large seagoing
vessel.</def>
<q>Like a stately <qex>ship</qex> . . .
With all her bravery on, and tackle trim,
Sails filled, and streamers waving.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Thou, too, sail on, O <qex>Ship</qex> of State!</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, a vessel furnished with a bowsprit
and three masts (a mainmast, a foremast, and a mizzenmast), each
of which is composed of a lower mast, a topmast, and a topgallant
mast, and square-rigged on all masts. See <xex>Illustation</xex>
in Appendix.</def>
<-- illustration: Deck plan of a ship -->
<caption><xex>l</xex> Port or Larboard Side; <qex>s</qex>
Starboard Side; 1 Roundhouse or Deck House; 2 Tiller; 3 Grating;
4 Wheel; 5 Wheel Chains; 6 Binnacle; 7 Mizzenmast; 8 Skylight; 9
Capstan; 10 Mainmast; 11 Pumps; 12 Galley or Caboose; 13 Main
Hatchway; 14 Windlass; 15 Foremast; 16 Fore Hatchway; 17 Bitts;
18 Bowsprit; 19 Head Rail; 20 Boomkins; 21 Catheads on Port Bow
and Starboard Bow; 22 Fore Chains; 23 Main Chains; 24 Mizzen
Chains; 25 Stern.</caption>
<--illustration: Outline of a ship -->
<caption>1 Fore Royal Stay; 2 Flying Jib Stay; 3 Fore Topgallant
Stay;4 Jib Stay; 5 Fore Topmast Stays; 6 Fore Tacks; 8 Flying
Martingale; 9 Martingale Stay, shackled to Dolphin Striker; 10
Jib Guys; 11 Jumper Guys; 12 Back Ropes; 13 Robstays; 14 Flying
Jib Boom; 15 Flying Jib Footropes; 16 Jib Boom; 17 Jib
Foottropes; 18 Bowsprit; 19 Fore Truck; 20 Fore Royal Mast; 21
Fore Royal Lift; 22 Fore Royal Yard; 23 Fore Royal Backstays; 24
Fore Royal Braces; 25 Fore Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 26 Fore
Topgallant Lift; 27 Fore Topgallant Yard; 28 Fore Topgallant
Backstays; 29 Fore Topgallant Braces; 30 Fore Topmast and
Rigging; 31 Fore Topsail Lift; 32 Fore Topsail Yard; 33 Fore
Topsail Footropes; 34 Fore Topsail Braces; 35 Fore Yard; 36 Fore
Brace; 37 Fore Lift; 38 Fore Gaff; 39 Fore Trysail Vangs; 40 Fore
Topmast Studding-sail Boom; 41 Foremast and Rigging; 42 Fore
Topmast Backstays; 43 Fore Sheets; 44 Main Truck and Pennant; 45
Main Royal Mast and Backstay; 46 Main Royal Stay; 47 Main Royal
Lift; 48 Main Royal Yard; 49 Main Royal Braces; 50 Main
Topgallant Mast and Rigging; 51 Main Topgallant Lift; 52 Main
Topgallant Backstays; 53 Main Topgallant Yard; 54 Main Topgallant
Stay; 55 Main Topgallant Braces; 56 Main Topmast and Rigging; 57
Topsail Lift; 58 Topsail Yard; 59 Topsail Footropes; 60 Topsail
Braces; 61 Topmast Stays; 62 Main Topgallant Studding-sail Boom;
63 Main Topmast Backstay; 64 Main Yard; 65 Main Footropes; 66
Mainmast and Rigging; 67 Main Lift; 68 Main Braces; 69 Main
Tacks; 70 Main Sheets; 71 Main Trysail Gaff; 72 Main Trysail
Vangs; 73 Main Stays; 74 Mizzen Truck; 75 Mizzen Royal Mast and
Rigging; 76 Mizzen Royal Stay; 77 Mizzen Royal Lift; 78 Mizzen
Royal Yard; 79 Mizzen Royal Braces; 80 Mizzen Topgallant Mast and
Rigging; 81 Mizzen Topgallant Lift; 82 Mizzen Topgallant
Backstays; 83 Mizzen Topgallant Braces; 84 Mizzen Topgallant
Yard; 85 Mizzen Topgallant Stay; 86 Mizzen Topmast and Rigging;
87 Mizzen Topmast Stay; 88 Mizzen Topsail Lift; 89 Mizzen Topmast
Backstays; 90 Mizzen Topsail Braces; 91 Mizzen Topsail Yard; 92
Mizzen Topsail Footropes; 93 Crossjack Yard; 94 Crossjack
Footropes; 95 Crossjack Lift; 96 Crossjack Braces; 97 Mizzenmast
and Rigging; 98 Mizzen Stay; 99 Spanker Gaff; 100 Peak Halyards;
101 Spanker Vangs; 102 Spanker Boom; 103 Spanker Boom Topping
Lift; 104 Jacob's Ladder, or Stern Ladder; 105 Spanker Sheet; 106
Cutwater; 107 Starboard Bow; 108 Starboard Beam; 109 Water Line;
110 Starboard Quarter; 111 Rudder.</caption>
<-- p. 1330 -->
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A dish or utensil (originally fashioned like the
hull of a ship) used to hold incense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Tyndale.</au>
<cs><col>Armed ship</col>, <cd>a private ship taken into the
service of the government in time of war, and armed and equipped
like a ship of war.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <au>Brande & C.</au>
-- <col>General ship</col>. <cd>See under <er>General</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Ship biscuit</col>, <cd>hard biscuit prepared for use on
shipboard; -- called also <altname>ship bread</altname>. See
<er>Hardtack</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ship boy</col>, <cd>a boy who
serves in a ship. \'bdSeal up the <xex>ship boy's<xex> eyes.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au></cd> -- <col>Ship breaker</col>, <cd>one who
breaks up vessels when unfit for further use.</cd> -- <col>Ship
broker</col>, <cd>a mercantile agent employed in buying and
selling ships, procuring cargoes, etc., and generally in
transacting the business of a ship or ships when in port.</cd> --
<col>Ship canal</col>, <cd>a canal suitable for the passage of
seagoing vessels.</cd> -- <col>Ship carpenter</col>, <cd>a
carpenter who works at shipbuilding; a shipwright.</cd> --
<col>Ship chandler</col>, <cd>one who deals in cordage, canvas,
and other, furniture of vessels.</cd> -- <col>Ship
chandlery</col>, <cd>the commodities in which a ship chandler
deals; also, the business of a ship chandler.</cd> -- <col>Ship
fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a form of typhus fever; --
called also <altname>putrid, jail, <or/ hospital
fever</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Ship joiner</col>, <cd>a joiner who
works upon ships.</cd> -- <col>Ship letter</col>, <cd>a letter
conveyed by a ship not a mail packet.</cd> -- <col>Ship
money</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>an imposition formerly
charged on the ports, towns, cities, boroughs, and counties, of
England, for providing and furnishing certain ships for the
king's service. The attempt made by Charles I. to revive and
enforce this tax was resisted by John Hampden, and was one of the
causes which led to the death of Charles. It was finally
abolished.</cd> -- <col>Ship of the line</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Line</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ship pendulum</col>, <cd>a pendulum
hung amidships to show the extent of the rolling and pitching of
a vessel.</cd> -- <col>Ship railway</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An
inclined railway with a cradelike car, by means of which a ship
may be drawn out of water, as for repairs</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>A railway arranged for the transportation of vessels overland
between two water courses or harbors.</cd> -- <col>Ship's
company</col>, <cd>the crew of a ship or other vessel.</cd> --
<col>Ship's days</col>, <cd>the days allowed a vessel for loading
or unloading.</cd> -- <col>Ship's husband</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Husband</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ship's papers</col> <fld>(Mar.
Law)</fld>, <cd>papers with which a vessel is required by law to
be provided, and the production of which may be required on
certain occasions. Among these papers are the register, passport
or sea letter, charter party, bills of lading, invoice, log book,
muster roll, bill of health, etc. <au>Bouvier</au>.
<au>Kent</au>.</cd> -- <col>To make ship</col>, <cd>to embark in
a ship or other vessel.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shipped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shipping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put on board
of a ship, or vessel of any kind, for transportation; to send by
water.</def>
<q>The timber was . . . <qex>shipped</qex> in the bay of Attalia,
from whence it was by sea transported to Pelusium.</q>
<qau>Knolles.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>By extension, in commercial usage, to commit to
any conveyance for transportation to a distance; <as>as, to
<ex>ship</ex> freight by railroad</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to send away; to get rid of.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To engage or secure for service on board of a
ship; <as>as, to <ex>ship</ex> seamen</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To receive on board ship; <as>as, to
<ex>ship</ex> a sea</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To put in its place; <as>as, to <ex>ship</ex>
the tiller or rudder</as>.</def>
<hw>Ship</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To engage to
serve on board of a vessel; <as>as, to <ex>ship</ex> on a
man-of-war</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To embark on a ship.</def>
<au>Wyclif (Acts xxviii. 11)</au>
<hw>Ship"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Ship</ets> + <ets>board.</ets> See <er>Board</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 8]</ety> <def>A ship's side; hence, by extension,
a ship; -- found chiefly in adverbial phrases; <as>as, on
<ex>shipboard</ex>; a <ex>shipboard</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Ship"build`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person
whose occupation is to construct ships and other vessels; a naval
architect; a shipwright.</def>
<hw>Ship"build`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Naval architecturel
the art of constructing ships and other vessels.</def>
<hw>Ship"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Shipfuls</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>As much or as many
as a ship will hold; enough to fill a ship.</def>
<hw>Ship"hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
shipowner.</def>
<hw>Ship"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of ships.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Ship"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little
ship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Ship"load`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The load, or
cargo, of a ship.</def>
<hw>Ship"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Shipmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A seaman, or
sailor.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. R. Browning.</au>
<q>About midnight the <qex>shipmen</qex> deemed that they drew
near to some country.</q>
<qau>Acts xxvii. 27.</qau>
<cs><col>Shipman's card</col>, <cd>the mariner's compass.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Ship"mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
captain, master, or commander of a ship.</def>
<au>Jonah i. 6.</au>
<hw>Ship"mate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
serves on board of the same ship with another; a fellow
sailor.</def>
<hw>Ship"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act or process of shipping; <as>as, he was engaged in
the <ex>shipment</ex> of coal for London; an active
<ex>shipment</ex> of wheat from the West</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is shipped.</def>
<q>The question is, whether the share of M. in the
<qex>shipment</qex> is exempted from condemnation by reason of
his neutral domicle.</q>
<qau>Story.</qau>
<hw>Ship"own`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Owner of a
ship or ships.</def>
<hw>Ship"pen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scypen</ets>. Cf. <er>Shop</er>, <er>Shepen</er>.]</ety>
<def>A stable; a cowhouse.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Ship"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Ship</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Skipper</er>.]</ety>
<def>One who sends goods from one place to another not in the
same city or town, esp. one who sends goods by water.</def>
<hw>Ship"ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Relating to ships, their ownership, transfer, or employment;
<as>as, <ex>shiping</ex> concerns</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating to, or concerned in, the forwarding of
goods; <as>as, a <ex>shipping</ex> clerk</as>.</def>
<hw>Ship"ping</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one
who, or of that which, ships; <as>as, the <ex>shipping</ex> of
flour to Liverpool</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The collective body of ships in one place, or
belonging to one port, country, etc.; vessels, generally;
tonnage.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Navigation.</def> \'bdGod send 'em good
<xex>shipping</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Shipping articles</col>, <cd>articles of agreement
between the captain of a vessel and the seamen on board, in
respect to the amount of wages, length of time for which they are
shipping, etc. <xex>Bouvier<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To take
shipping</col>, <cd>to embark; to take ship. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<xex>John vi<xex>.<xex>24<xex>. <xex>Shak<xex>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ship"pon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cowhouse; a
shippen.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<q>Bessy would either do fieldwork, or attend to the cows, the
<qex>shippon</qex>, or churn, or make cheese.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<hw>Ship"-rigged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Rigged like a ship, that is, having three
masts, each with square sails.</def>
<hw>Ship"shape`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Arranged in
a manner befitting a ship; hence, trim; tidy; orderly.</def>
<q>Even then she expressed her scorn for the lubbery
executioner's mode of tying a knot, and did it herself in a
<qex>shipshape</qex> orthodox manner.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<q>Keep everything <qex>shipshape</qex>, for I must go</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Ship"shape`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
shipshape or seamanlike manner.</def>
<hw>Ship"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any long, slender, worm-shaped bivalve
mollusk of <spn>Teredo</spn> and allied genera. The shipworms
burrow in wood, and are destructive to wooden ships, piles of
wharves, etc. See <er>Teredo</er>.</def>
<hw>Ship"wreck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The breaking in pieces, or shattering, of a ship or other
vessel by being cast ashore or driven against rocks, shoals,
etc., by the violence of the winds and waves.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ship wrecked or destroyed upon the water, or
the parts of such a ship; wreckage.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Destruction; ruin; irretrievable
loss.</def>
<q>Holding faith and a good conscience, which some having put
away concerning faith have made <qex>shipwreck</qex>.</q>
<qau>1 Tim. 1. 19.</qau>
<q>It was upon an Indian bill that the late ministry <qex>had
made shipwreck</qex>.</q>
<qau>J. Morley.</qau>
<hw>Ship"wreck`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shipwrecked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shipwrecking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
destroy, as a ship at sea, by running ashore or on rocks or
sandbanks, or by the force of wind and waves in a tempest.</def>
<q><qex>Shipwrecking</qex> storms and direful thunders break.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to experience shipwreck, as sailors or
passengers. Hence, to cause to suffer some disaster or loss; to
destroy or ruin, as if by shipwreck; to wreck; <as>as, to
<ex>shipwreck</ex> a business</as>.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Ship"wright`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose
occupation is to construct ships; a builder of ships or other
vessels.</def>
<hw>Ship"yard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A yard,
place, or inclosure where ships are built or repaired.</def>
<hw>Shi*raz"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
Persian wine; -- so called from the place whence it is
brought.</def>
<hw>Shire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sc\'c6re</ets>, <ets>sc\'c6r</ets>, a division, province,
county. Cf. <er>Sheriff</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A portion
of Great Britain originally under the supervision of an earl; a
territorial division, usually identical with a county, but
sometimes limited to a smaller district; <as>as,
Wilt<ex>shire</ex>, York<ex>shire</ex>, Richmond<ex>shire</ex>,
Hallam<ex>shire</ex></as>.</def>
<q>An indefinite number of these hundreds make up a county or
<qex>shire</qex>.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A division of a State, embracing several
contiguous townships; a county.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<note><hand/ <xex>Shire</xex> is commonly added to the specific
designation of a county as a part of its name; as,
York<xex>shire</xex> instead of York <xex>shire</xex>, or the
<xex>shire</xex> of York; Berk<xex>shire</xex> instead of Berks
<xex>shire</xex>. Such expressions as <xex>the county of
Yorkshire</xex>, which in a strict sense are tautological, are
used in England. In the United States the composite word is
sometimes the only name of a county; as, <xex>Berkshire
county</xex>, as it is called in Massachusetts, instead of
<xex>Berks county</xex>, as in Pensylvania.</note>
<q>The Tyne, Tees, Humber, Wash, Yare, Stour, and Thames separate
the counties of Northumberland, Durham, York<qex>shire</qex>,
Lincoln<qex>shire</qex>, etc.</q>
<qau>Encyc. Brit.</qau>
<cs><col>Knight of the shire</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Knight</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shire clerk</col>, <cd>an officer
of a county court; also, an under sheriff.</cd>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Shire mote</col></mcol> <fld>(Old.
Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the county court; sheriff's turn, or court.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Cowell</au>. <au>Blackstone</au>.</cd> --
<col>Shire reeve</col> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the reeve,
or bailiff, of a shire; a sheriff. <au>Burrill</au>.</cd> --
<col>Shire town</col>, <cd>the capital town of a county; a county
town.</cd> -- <col>Shire wick</col>, <cd>a county; a shire.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Holland</au>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shirk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shirked</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shirking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably the same word as
<ets>shark</ets>. See <er>Shark</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to
obtain by mean solicitation.</def>
<q>You that never heard the call of any vocation, . . . that
<qex>shirk</qex> living from others, but time from
Yourselves.</q>
<qau>Bp. Rainbow.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To avoid; to escape; to neglect; -- implying
unfaithfulness or fraud; <as>as, to <ex>shirk</ex>
duty</as>.</def>
<q>The usual makeshift by which they try to <qex>shirk</qex>
difficulties.</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>
<hw>Shirk</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To live by
shifts and fraud; to shark.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance
of duty, as by running away.</def>
<q>One of the cities <qex>shirked</qex> from the league.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<hw>Shirk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who lives by shifts and
tricks; one who avoids the performance of duty or labor.</def>
<hw>Shirk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
shirks.</def>
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<hw>Shirk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disposed to
shirk.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Shirl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shrill.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au> Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Shirl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Schorl</er>.</def>
<hw>Shir"ley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bullfinch.</def>
<hw>Shirr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Sewing)</fld>
<def>A series of close parallel runnings which are drawn up so as
to make the material between them set full by gatherings; --
called also <altname>shirring</altname>, and
<altname>gauging</altname>.</def>
<hw>Shirred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Sewing)</fld> <def>Made or gathered into a shirr; <as>as, a
<ex>shirred</ex> bonnet</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Broken into an earthen dish
and baked over the fire; -- said of eggs.</def>
<hw>Shirt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schirte</ets>, <ets>sherte</ets>, <ets>schurte</ets>; akin
to Icel. <ets>skyrta</ets>, Dan. <ets>skiorte</ets>, Sw.
<ets>skjorta</ets>, Dan. <ets>ski\'94rt</ets> a petticoat, D.
<ets>schort</ets> a petticoat, an argon, G. <ets>schurz</ets>,
<ets>sch\'81rze</ets>, an argon; all probably from the root of E.
<ets>short</ets>, as being originally a short garment. See
<er>Short</er>, and cf. <er>Skirt</er>.]</ety> <def>A loose
under-garment for the upper part of the body, made of cotton,
linen, or other material; -- formerly used of the under-garment
of either sex, now commonly restricted to that worn by men and
boys.</def>
<q>Several persons in December had nothing over their shoulders
but their <qex>shirts</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>She had her <qex>shirts</qex> and girdles of hair.</q>
<qau>Bp. Fisher.</qau>
<hw>Shirt</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shirted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shirting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or clothe with a
shirt, or as with a shirt.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Shirt"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cloth, specifically cotton
cloth, suitable for making shirts.</def>
<hw>Shirt"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not having or wearing a
shirt.</def>
<au>Pope.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Shirt"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shis*tose"</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>. <def>See <er>Shist</er>,
<er>Schistose</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shit"tah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shit"tah tree`</hw>
}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb. <ets>shitt\'beh</ets>, pl.
<ets>shitt\'c6m</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tree that furnished the
precious wood of which the ark, tables, altars, boards, etc., of
the Jewish tabernacle were made; -- now believed to have been the
wood of the <spn>Acacia Seyal</spn>, which is hard, fine grained,
and yellowish brown in color.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shit"tim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shit"tim wood`</hw>
}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The wood of the shittah tree.</def>
<hw>Shit"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Shuttle</er>.]</ety> <def>A shuttle.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Shit"tle</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wavering; unsettled;
inconstant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Shit"tle*cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
shuttlecock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shit"tle*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Instability;
inconstancy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The vain <qex>shittlenesse</qex> of an unconstant head.</q>
<qau>Baret.</qau>
<hw>Shive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sheave</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A slice;
<as>as, a <ex>shive</ex> of bread</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thin piece or fragment; specifically, one of
the scales or pieces of the woody part of flax removed by the
operation of breaking.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A thin, flat cork used for stopping a
wide-mouthed bottle; also, a thin wooden bung for casks.</def>
<hw>Shiv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schivere</ets>, fr. <ets>shive</ets>; cf. G.
<ets>schifer</ets> a splinter, slate, OHG. <ets>scivere</ets> a
splinter, Dan. & Sw. <ets>skifer</ets> a slate. See
<er>Shive</er>, and cf. <er>Skever</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One of the small pieces, or splinters, into which a brittle
thing is broken by sudden violence; -- generally used in the
plural.</def> \'bdAll to <xex>shivers</xex> dashed.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thin slice; a shive.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>shiver</xex> of their own loaf.\'b8
<au>Fuller.</au>
<q>Of your soft bread, not but a <qex>shiver</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A variety of blue
slate.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A sheave or small wheel in a
pulley.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A small wedge, as for fastening the bolt of a
window shutter.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A spindle.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shiv"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shivered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shivering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schiveren</ets>, <ets>scheveren</ets>; cf. OD.
<ets>scheveren</ets>. See <er>Shiver</er> a fragment.]</ety>
<def>To break into many small pieces, or splinters; to shatter;
to dash to pieces by a blow; <as>as, to <ex>shiver</ex> a glass
goblet</as>.</def>
<q>All the ground
With <qex>shivered</qex> armor strown.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Shiv"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To separate suddenly into
many small pieces or parts; to be shattered.</def>
<q>There <qex>shiver</qex> shafts upon shields thick.</q>
<qau>Chaucer</qau>
<q>The natural world, should gravity once cease, . . . would
instantly <qex>shiver</qex> into millions of atoms.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>
<hw>Shiv"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>chiveren</ets>,
<ets>cheveren</ets>; of uncertain origin. This word seems to have
been confused with <ets>shiver</ets> to shatter.]</ety> <def>To
tremble; to vibrate; to quiver; to shake, as from cold or
fear.</def>
<q>Prometheus is laid
On icy Caucasus to <qex>shiver</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<q>The man that <qex>shivered</qex> on the brink of sin,
Thus steeled and hardened, ventures boldly in.</q>
<qau>Creech.</qau>
<hw>Shiv"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To
cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the
wind.</def>
<hw>Shiv"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of shivering or
trembling.</def>
<hw>Shiv"er*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a shivering
manner.</def>
<hw>Shiv"er-spar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>schiefer-spath</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A
variety of calcite, so called from its slaty structure; -- called
also <altname>slate spar</altname>.</def>
<hw>Shiv"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Tremulous; shivering.</def>
<au>Mallet.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Easily broken; brittle; shattery.</def>
<hw>Shoad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>schutt</ets> rubbish.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A
train of vein material mixed with rubbish; fragments of ore which
have become separated by the action of water or the weather, and
serve to direct in the discovery of mines.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>shode</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Shoad"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The
tracing of veins of metal by shoads.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>shoding</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Pryce.</au>
<hw>Shoal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>scolu</ets>, <ets>sceolu</ets>, a company, multitude, crowd,
akin to OS. <ets>skola</ets>; probably originally, a division,
and akin to Icel. <ets>skilja</ets> to part, divide. See
<er>Skill</er>, and cf. <er>School</er>. of fishes.]</ety> <def>A
great multitude assembled; a crowd; a throng; -- said especially
of fish; <as>as, a <ex>shoal</ex> of bass</as>.</def> \'bdGreat
<xex>shoals</xex> of people.\'b8
<au>Bacon.</au>
<q>Beneath, a <qex>shoal</qex> of silver fishes glides.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<hw>Shoal</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shoaled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shoaling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To assemble in a
multitude; to throng; <as>as, the fishes <ex>shoaled</ex> about
the place</as>.</def>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Shoal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Shallow</er>; or cf.
G. <ets>scholle</ets> a clod, glebe, OHG. <ets>scollo</ets>,
<ets>scolla</ets>, prob. akin to E. <ets>shoal</ets> a
multitude.]</ety> <def>Having little depth; shallow; <as>as,
<ex>shoal</ex> water</as>.</def>
<hw>Shoal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place where the
water of a sea, lake, river, pond, etc., is shallow; a
shallow.</def>
<q>The depth of your pond should be six feet; and on the sides
some <qex>shoals</qex> for the fish to lay their span.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<q>Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory,
And sounded all the depths and <qex>shoals</qex> of honor.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sandbank or bar which makes the water
shoal.</def>
<q>The god himself with ready trident stands,
And opes the deep, and spreads the moving sands,
Then heaves them off the <qex>shoals</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Shoal</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become shallow; <as>as,
the color of the water shows where it <ex>shoals</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Shoal</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to become more
shallow; to come to a more shallow part of; <as>as, a ship
<ex>shoals</ex> her water by advancing into that which is less
deep</as>.</def>
<au>Marryat.</au>
<hw>Shoal"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being shoaly; little depth of water;
shallowness.</def>
<hw>Shoal"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Becoming shallow
gradually.</def> \'bdA <xex>shoaling</xex> estuary.\'b8
<au>Lyell.</au>
<hw>Shoal"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of shoals,
or shallow places.</def>
<q>The tossing vessel sailed on <qex>shoaly</qex> ground.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Shoar</hw> <pr>(sh<omac/r)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A prop.
See 3d <er>Shore</er>.</def>
<hw>Shoat</hw> <pr>(sh<omac/t)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A young
hog. Same as <er>Shote</er>.</def>
<-- p. 1331 -->
<hw>Shock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schokke</ets>; cf. OD <ets>schocke</ets>, G.
<ets>schock</ets> a heap, quantity, threescore, MHG.
<ets>schoc</ets>, Sw. <ets>skok</ets>, and also G.
<ets>hocke</ets> a heap of hay, Lith. <ets>kugis</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A pile or assemblage of sheaves of grain, as
wheat, rye, or the like, set up in a field, the sheaves varying
in number from twelve to sixteen; a stook.</def>
<q>And cause it on <qex>shocks</qex> to be by and by set.</q>
<qau>Tusser.</qau>
<q>Behind the master walks, builds up the <qex>shocks</qex>.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[G. <ets>schock</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld>
<def>A lot consisting of sixty pieces; -- a term applied in some
Baltic ports to loose goods.</def>
<hw>Shock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To collect, or make up,
into a shock or shocks; to stook; <as>as, to <ex>shock</ex>
rye</as>.</def>
<hw>Shock</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be occupied with making
shocks.</def>
<q>Reap well, scatter not, gather clean that is shorn,
Bind fast, <qex>shock</qex> apace.</q>
<qau>Tusser.</qau>
<hw>Shock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>schok</ets> a
bounce, jolt, or leap, OHG. <ets>scoc</ets> a swing, MHG.
<ets>schoc</ets>, Icel. <ets>skykkjun</ets> tremuously, F.
<ets>choc</ets> a shock, collision, a dashin<mhw>g or striking
against, Sp. <ets>choque</ets>, It. <ets>ciocco</ets> a log.
<root/161. Cf. <er>Shock</er> to shake.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> A
quivering or shaking which is the effect of a blow, collision, or
violent impulse; a blow, impact, or collision; a concussion; a
sudden violent impulse or onset.</def>
<q>These strong, unshaken mounds resist the <qex>shocks</qex>
Of tides and seas tempestuous.</q>
<qau>Blackmore.</qau>
<q>He stood the <qex>shock</qex> of a whole host of foes.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden agitation of the mind or feelings; a
sensation of pleasure or pain caused by something unexpected or
overpowering; also, a sudden agitating or overpowering
event.</def> \'bdA <xex>shock</xex> of pleasure.\'b8
<au>Talfourd.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sudden depression of the
vital forces of the entire body, or of a port of it, marking some
profound impression produced upon the nervous system, as by
severe injury, overpowering emotion, or the like.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The sudden convulsion or
contraction of the muscles, with the feeling of a concussion,
caused by the discharge, through the animal system, of
electricity from a charged body.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Concussion</er>, <er>Shock</er>.</syn> <usage>
Both words signify a sudden violent shaking caused by impact or
colision; but <xex>concussion</xex> is restricted in use to
matter, while <xex>shock</xex> is used also of mental
states.</usage>
<hw>Shock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shocked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shocking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schokken</ets>; cf. D. <ets>schokken</ets>, F.
<ets>choquer</ets>, Sp. <ets>chocar</ets>. <root/161. Cf.
<er>Chuck</er> to strike, <er>Jog</er>, <er>Shake</er>,
<er>Shock</er> a striking, <er>Shog</er>, <pos>n.</pos> &
<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give a shock to; to
cause to shake or waver; hence, to strike against suddenly; to
encounter with violence.</def>
<q>Come the three corners of the world in arms,
And we shall <qex>shock</qex> them.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>A shall never forget the force with which he
<qex>shocked</qex> De Vipont.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike with surprise, terror, horror, or
disgust; to cause to recoil; <as>as, his violence
<ex>shocked</ex> his associates</as>.</def>
<q>Advise him not to <qex>shock</qex> a father's will.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Shock</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To meet with a shock; to
meet in violent encounter.</def> \'bdThey saw the moment approach
when the two parties would <xex>shock</xex> together.\'b8
<au>De Quincey.</au>
<hw>Shock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Shag</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dog with long hair or
shag; -- called also <altname>shockdog</altname>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thick mass of bushy hair; <as>as, a head
covered with a <ex>shock</ex> of sandy hair</as>.</def>
<hw>Shock</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bushy; shaggy; <as>as, a
<ex>shock</ex> hair</as>.</def>
<q>His red <qex>shock</qex> peruke . . . was laid aside.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Shock"dog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See 7th <er>Shock</er>, 1.</def>
<hw>Shock"-head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Shock-headed.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Shock"-head`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a thick and
bushy head of hair.</def>
<hw>Shock"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing to shake or
tremble, as by a blow; especially, causing to recoil with horror
or disgust; extremely offensive or disgusting.</def>
<q>The grossest and most <qex>shocking</qex> villainies.</q>
<qau>Secker.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Shock"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Shock"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<-- Shock troops, a highly trained or seasoned group within an
army used to spearhead a strong offensive action. -->
<hw>Shod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <def>f
<er>Shoe</er>.</def>
<hw>Shod"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps fr.
<er>Shed</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>; as meaning originally, waste
stuff <ets>shed</ets>or thrown off.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
fibrous material obtained by \'bddeviling,\'b8 or tearing into
fibers, refuse woolen goods, old stockings, rags, druggets, etc.
See <er>Mungo</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fabric of inferior quality made of, or
containing a large amount of, shoddy.</def>
<note><hand/ The great quantity of shoddy goods furnished as army
supplies in the late Civil War in the United States gave wide
currency to the word, and it came to be applied to persons who
pretend to a higher position in society than that to which their
breeding or worth entitles them.</note>
<hw>Shod"dy</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made wholly or in part of
shoddy; containing shoddy; <as>as, <ex>shoddy</ex> cloth;
<ex>shoddy</ex> blankets</as>; hence, colloquially, not genuine;
sham; pretentious; <as>as, <ex>shoddy</ex>
aristocracy</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Shoddy</qex> inventions designed to bolster up a
factitious pride.</q>
<qau>Compton Reade.</qau>
<hw>Shod"dy*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being shoddy. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> See the Note
under <er>Shoddy</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>
<hw>Shode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sc\'bede</ets>, fr. <ets>sce\'a0dan</ets>. See
<er>Shed</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
parting of the hair on the head.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Full straight and even lay his jolly <qex>shode</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The top of the head; the head.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shode</hw>, <hw>Shod"ing</hw> }</mhw>. <def>See
<er>Shoad</er>, <er>Shoading</er>.</def>
<hw>Sho"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A package of
gold beater's skins in which gold is subjected to the second
process of beating.</def>
<hw>Shoe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Shoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <xex>formerly</xex>
<plw>Shoon</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <xex>now provincial</xex></plu>.
<ety>[OE. <ets>sho</ets>, <ets>scho</ets>, AS. <ets>sc<?/h</ets>,
<ets>sce\'a2h</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>sk<?/</ets>, OS.
<ets>sk<?/h</ets>, D. <ets>schoe</ets>, <ets>schoen</ets>, G.
<ets>schuh</ets>, OHG. <ets>scuoh</ets>, Icel. <ets>sk<?/r</ets>,
Dan. & Sw. <ets>sko</ets>, Goth. <ets>sk<?/hs</ets>; of unknown
origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A covering for the human foot,
usually made of leather, having a thick and somewhat stiff sole
and a lighter top. It differs from a boot on not extending so far
up the leg.</def>
<q>Your hose should be ungartered, . . . your<qex>shoe</qex>
untied.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Spare none but such as go in clouted <qex>shoon</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything resembling a shoe in form, position, or
use.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plate or rim of iron
nailed to the hoof of an animal to defend it from injury.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A band of iron or steel, or a ship of wood,
fastened to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle
which slides on the snow.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A drag, or
sliding piece of wood or iron, placed under the wheel of a loaded
vehicle, to retard its motion in going down a hill.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>The part of a railroad car brake which presses
upon the wheel to retard its motion.</def> <sd>(e)</sd>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A trough-shaped or spout-shaped member,
put at the bottom of the water leader coming from the eaves
gutter, so as to throw the water off from the building.</def>
<sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Milling.)</fld> <def>The trough or spout for
conveying the grain from the hopper to the eye of the
millstone.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>An inclined trough in an
ore-crushing mill.</def> <sd>(h)</sd> <def>An iron socket or
plate to take the thrust of a strut or rafter.</def> <sd>(i)</sd>
<def>An iron socket to protect the point of a wooden pile.</def>
<sd>(j)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A plate, or notched piece,
interposed between a moving part and the stationary part on which
it bears, to take the wear and afford means of adjustment; --
called also <altname>slipper</altname>, and
<altname>gib</altname>.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Shoe</xex> is often used adjectively, or in
composition; as, <xex>shoe</xex> buckle, or
<xex>shoe</xex>-buckle; <xex>shoe</xex> latchet, or
<xex>shoe</xex>-latchet; <xex>shoe</xex> leathet, or
<xex>shoe</xex>-leather; <xex>shoe</xex> string,
<xex>shoe</xex>-string, or <xex>shoe</xex>string.</note>
<cs><col>Shoe of an anchor</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>A small block of wood, convex on the back, with a hole to
receive the point of the anchor fluke, -- used to prevent the
anchor from tearing the planks of the vessel when raised or
lowered.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A broad, triangular piece of plank
placed upon the fluke to give it a better hold in soft
ground.</cd> -- <col>Shoe block</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a
block with two sheaves, one above the other, and at right angles
to each other.</cd> -- <col>Shoe bolt</col>, <cd>a bolt with a
flaring head, for fastening shoes on sleigh runners.</cd> --
<col>Shoe pac</col>, <cd>a kind of moccasin. See
<er>Pac</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shoe stone</col>, <cd>a sharpening
stone used by shoemakers and other workers in leather.</cd></cs>
<-- brake shoe. the movable portion of a drum brake on a vehicle
which is pressed against the rotating drum to slow or stop the
vehicle by the friction of the brakeshoe against the drum. -->
<hw>Shoe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shod</er>; <pos>p. pr. &
vb. n.</pos> <er>Shoeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sc<?/ian</ets>, <ets>sce<?/ian</ets>. See <er>Shoe</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To furnish with a shoe or
shoes; to put a shoe or shoes on; <as>as, to <ex>shoe</ex> a
horse, a sled, an anchor</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To protect or ornament with something which
serves the purpose of a shoe; to tip.</def>
<q>The sharp and small end of the billiard stick, which is
<qex>shod</qex> with brass or silver.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<hw>Shoe"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large African wading bird
(<spn>Bal\'91niceps rex</spn>) allied to the storks and herons,
and remarkable for its enormous broad swollen bill. It inhabits
the valley of the White Nile. See <xex>Illust</xex>.
(<it>l.</it>) of <er>Beak</er>.</def>
<hw>Shoe"black`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
polishes shoes.</def><-- = bootblack -->
<mhw>{ <hw>Shoe"horn`</hw>, <hw>Shoe"ing-horn`</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A curved piece of
polished horn, wood, or metal used to facilitate the entrance of
the foot into a shoe.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> Figuratively: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Anything by which a
transaction is facilitated; a medium; -- by way of
contempt.</def> <au>Spectator</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Anything
which draws on or allures; an inducement.</def>
<mark>[Low]</mark>
<au>Beau & Fl.</au>
<-- verb shoehorn = squeeze into a tight-fitting place, as with a
shoehorn. Also fig. -->
<hw>Shoe"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of shoes.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Shoe"mak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One whose occupation it is to make shoes and boots.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
threadfish.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The runner, 12.</def>
<hw>Shoe"mak`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The business of a
shoemaker.</def>
<hw>Sho"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who fits
shoes to the feet; one who furnishes or puts on shoes; <as>as, a
<ex>shoer</ex> of horses</as>.</def>
<hw>Shog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Shock</er> a striking.]</ety> <def>A shock; a jog; a violent
concussion or impulse.</def> <mark>[R. or Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Shog</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shake; to shock.</def>
<mark>[R. or Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Shog</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>ysgogi</ets> to
wag, to stir. Cf. <er>Jog</er>.]</ety> <def>To jog; to move
on.</def> <mark>[R. or Scot.]</mark>
<au>Beau & Fl.</au>
<hw>Shog"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Shog</er>, <er>Joggle</er>.]</ety> <def>To joggle.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<au>Pegge.</au>
<hw>Sho"gun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Chin.
<ets>tsiang ki\'9an</ets> commander in chief.]</ety> <def>A title
originally conferred by the Mikado on the military governor of
the eastern provinces of Japan. By gradual usurpation of power
the <xex>Shoguns</xex> (known to foreigners as
<xex>Tycoons</xex>) became finally the virtual rulers of Japan.
The title was abolished in 1867.</def> <altsp>[Written variously,
<asp>Shiogun</asp>, <asp>Shiogoon</asp>, etc.]</altsp>
<-- Jap. Shogun = military general -->
<hw>Sho*gun"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office
or dignity of a Shogun.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>Siogoonate</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sho"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Sola</er>.</def>
<hw>Shole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A plank fixed
beneath an object, as beneath the rudder of a vessel, to protect
it from injury; a plank on the ground under the end of a shore or
the like.</def>
<hw>Shole</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Shoal</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shonde</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sceond</ets>. Cf. <er>Shend</er>.]</ety> <def>Harm;
disgrace; shame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Shine</er>.</def>
<hw>Shoo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>scheuchen</ets> to scare, drive away.]</ety> <def>Begone;
away; -- an expression used in frightening away animals,
especially fowls.</def>
<hw>Sho"oi</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
Richardson's skua (<spn>Stercorarius parasiticus</spn>);- so
called from its cry.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & obs.</pos> or
<mark>poet.</mark> <pos>p. p.</pos> of <er>Shake</er>.</def>
<hw>Shook</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Shock</er> a bundle
of sheaves.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A set of
staves and headings sufficient in number for one hogshead, cask,
barrel, or the like, trimmed, and bound together in compact
form.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A set of boards for a sugar
box.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The parts of a piece of house
furniture, as a bedstead, packed together.</def>
<hw>Shook</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pack, as staves, in a
shook.</def>
<hw>Shoon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <def><pos>pl.</pos>
of <er>Shoe</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>They shook the snow from hats and <qex>shoon</qex>.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Shoop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Shape</er>. Shaped.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shoot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>chute</ets>. See <er>Chute</er>. Confused with
<ets>shoot</ets> to let fly.]</ety> <def>An inclined plane,
either artificial or natural, down which timber, coal, etc., are
caused to slide; also, a narrow passage, either natural or
artificial, in a stream, where the water rushes rapidly; esp., a
channel, having a swift current, connecting the ends of a bend in
the stream, so as to shorten the course.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>chute</asp>, and <asp>shute</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[U.
S.]</mark>
<cs><col>To take a shoot</col>, <cd>to pass through a shoot
instead of the main channel; to take the most direct course.
<mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>
<hw>Shoot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shot</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Shooting</er>. The old participle
<er>Shotten</er> is obsolete. See <er>Shotten</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>shotien</ets>, <ets>schotien</ets>, AS.
<ets>scotian</ets>, v. i., <ets>sce\'a2tan</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>schieten</ets>, G. <ets>schie<?/en</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sciozan</ets>, Icel. <ets>skj<?/ta</ets>, Sw.
<ets>skjuta</ets>, Dan. <ets>skyde</ets>; cf. Skr.
<ets>skund</ets> to jump. <root/159. Cf. <er>Scot</er> a
contribution, <er>Scout</er> to reject, <er>Scud</er>,
<er>Scuttle</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, <er>Shot</er>,
<er>Sheet</er>, <er>Shut</er>, <er>Shuttle</er>,
<er>Skittish</er>, <er>Skittles</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
let fly, or cause to be driven, with force, as an arrow or a
bullet; -- followed by a word denoting the missile, as an
object.</def>
<q>If you please
To shoot an arrow that self way.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To discharge, causing a missile to be driven
forth; -- followed by a word denoting the weapon or instrument,
as an object; -- often with <xex>off</xex>; <as>as, to
<ex>shoot</ex> a gun</as>.</def>
<q>The two ends od a bow, <qex>shot</qex> off, fly from one
another.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To strike with anything shot; to hit with a
missile; often, to kill or wound with a firearm; -- followed by a
word denoting the person or thing hit, as an object.</def>
<q>When Roger <qex>shot</qex> the hawk hovering over his master's
dove house.</q>
<qau>A. Tucker.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To send out or forth, especially with a rapid or
sudden motion; to cast with the hand; to hurl; to discharge; to
emit.</def>
<q>An honest weaver as ever <qex>shot</qex> shuttle.</q>
<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>
<q>A pit into which the dead carts had nightly <qex>shot</qex>
corpses by scores.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To push or thrust forward; to project; to
protrude; -- often with <xex>out</xex>; <as>as, a plant
<ex>shoots</ex> out a bud</as>.</def>
<q>They <qex>shoot</qex> out the lip, they shake the head.</q>
<qau>Ps. xxii. 7.</qau>
<q>Beware the secret snake that <qex>shoots</qex> a sting.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>To plane straight; to fit by
planing.</def>
<q>Two pieces of wood that are <qex>shot</qex>, that is, planed
or else pared with a paring chisel.</q>
<qau>Moxon.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To pass rapidly through, over, or under; <as>as,
to <ex>shoot</ex> a rapid or a bridge; to <ex>shoot</ex> a sand
bar.</as></def>
<q>She . . . <qex>shoots</qex> the Stygian sound.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To variegate as if by sprinkling or
intermingling; to color in spots or patches.</def>
<q>The tangled water courses slept,
<qex>Shot</qex> over with purple, and green, and yellow.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<cs><col>To be shot of</col>, <cd>to be discharged, cleared, or
rid of. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdAre you not glad <xex>to be
shot of<xex> him?\'b8</cd></cs>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Shoot</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause an
engine or weapon to discharge a missile; -- said of a person or
an agent; <as>as, they <ex>shot</ex> at a target; he
<ex>shoots</ex> better than he rides</as>.</def>
<q>The archers have . . . <qex>shot</qex> at him.</q>
<qau>Gen. xlix. 23.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To discharge a missile; -- said of an engine or
instrument; <as>as, the gun <ex>shoots</ex> well</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be shot or propelled forcibly; -- said of a
missile; to be emitted or driven; to move or extend swiftly, as
if propelled; <as>as, a <ex>shooting</ex> star</as>.</def>
<q>There <qex>shot</qex> a streaming lamp along the sky.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To penetrate, as a missile; to dart with a
piercing sensation; <as>as, <ex>shooting</ex> pains</as>.</def>
<q>Thy words <qex>shoot</qex> through my heart.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To feel a quick, darting pain; to throb in
pain.</def>
<q>These preachers make
His head to <qex>shoot</qex> and ache.</q>
<qau>Herbert.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To germinate; to bud; to sprout.</def>
<q>Onions, as they hang, will <qex>shoot</qex> forth.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>But the wild olive <qex>shoots</qex>, and shades the
ungrateful plain.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To grow; to advance; <as>as, to <ex>shoot</ex>
up rapidly</as>.</def>
<q>Well <qex>shot</qex> in years he seemed.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Delightful task! to rear the tender thought,
To teach the young idea how to <qex>shoot</qex>.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To change form suddenly; especially, to
solidify.</def>
<q>If the menstruum be overcharged, metals will <qex>shoot</qex>
into crystals.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To protrude; to jut; to project; to extend;
<as>as, the land <ex>shoots</ex> into a promontory</as>.</def>
<q>There <qex>shot</qex> up against the dark sky, tall, gaunt,
straggling houses.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To move ahead by force of
momentum, as a sailing vessel when the helm is put hard
alee.</def>
<cs><col>To shoot ahead</col>, <cd>to pass or move quickly
forward; to outstrip others.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shoot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
shooting; the discharge of a missile; a shot; <as>as, the
<ex>shoot</ex> of a shuttle</as>.</def>
<q>The Turkish bow giveth a very forcible <qex>shoot</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>One underneath his horse to get a <qex>shoot</qex> doth
stalk.</q>
<qau>Drayton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A young branch or growth.</def>
<q>Superfluous branches and <qex>shoots</qex> of this second
spring.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A rush of water; a rapid.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A vein of ore running in the
same general direction as the lode.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A weft thread shot through
the shed by the shuttle; a pick.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <ety>[Perh. a different word.]</ety> <def>A shoat; a
young hog.</def>
<hw>Shoot"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who shoots, as an archer or a gunner.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which shoots.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A firearm; <as>as, a
five-<ex>shooter</ex></as></def>. <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A shooting star.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Shoot"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one
who, or that which, shoots; <as>as, the <ex>shooting</ex> of an
archery club; the <ex>shooting</ex> of rays of light.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wounding or killing with a firearm;
specifically <fld>(Sporting)</fld>, the killing of game; <as>as,
a week of <ex>shooting</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sensation of darting pain; <as>as, a
<ex>shooting</ex> in one's head</as>.</def>
<hw>Shoot"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to
shooting; for shooting; darting.</def>
<cs><col>Shooting board</col> <fld>(Joinery)</fld>, <cd>a fixture
used in planing or shooting the edge of a board, by means of
which the plane is guided and the board held true.</cd> --
<col>Shooting box</col>, <cd>a small house in the country for use
in the shooting season. <au>Prof. Wilson</au>.</cd> --
<col>Shooting gallery</col>, <cd>a range, usually covered, with
targets for practice with firearms.</cd><-- [Slang] a place,
often a building or neighborhood, where addicts "shoot up" drugs.
--> -- <col>Shooting iron</col>, <cd>a firearm.</cd>
<mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Shooting star</col></mcol>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>A starlike, luminous
meteor, that, appearing suddenly, darts quickly across some
portion of the sky, and then as suddenly disappears, leaving
sometimes, for a few seconds, a luminous train, -- called also
<altname>falling star</altname>. <xex>Shooting stars<xex> are
small cosmical bodies which encounter the earth in its annual
revolution, and which become visible by coming with planetary
velocity into the upper regions of the atmosphere. At certain
periods, as on the 13th of November and 10th of August, they
appear for a few hours in great numbers, apparently diverging
from some point in the heavens, such displays being known as
<xex>meteoric showers<xex>, or <xex>star showers<xex>. These
bodies, before encountering the earth, were moving in orbits
closely allied to the orbits of comets. See <er>Leonids</er>,
<er>Perseids</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>The
American cowslip (<spn>Dodecatheon Meadia</spn>)</cd>. See under
<er>Cowslip</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shooting stick</col>
<fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a tapering piece of wood or iron, used
by printers to drive up the quoins in the chase.</cd>
<au>Hansard.</au></cs>
<-- p. 1332 -->
<hw>Shoot"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sprouting or
coming up freely and regularly.</def> <mark>[Prev. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Grose.</au>
<hw>Shop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Shape</er>. Shaped.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>shoppe</ets>,
<ets>schoppe</ets>, AS. <ets>sceoppa</ets> a treasury, a
storehouse, stall, booth; akin to <ets>scypen</ets> a shed, LG.
<ets>schup</ets> a shed, G. <ets>schoppen</ets>,
<ets>schuppen</ets>, a shed, a coachhouse, OHG.
<ets>scopf</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A building or an
apartment in which goods, wares, drugs, etc., are sold by
retail.</def>
<q>From <qex>shop</qex> to <qex>shop</qex>
Wandering, and littering with unfolded silks
The polished counter.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A building in which mechanics or artisans work;
<as>as, a shoe <ex>shop</ex>; a car <ex>shop</ex>.</as></def>
<q>A tailor called me in his <qex>shop</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Shop</xex> is often used adjectively or in
composition; as, <xex>shop</xex> rent, or <xex>shop</xex>-rent;
<xex>shop thief</xex>, <xex>or shop</xex>-thief; <xex>shop</xex>
window, or <xex>shop</xex>-window, etc.</note>
<cs><col>To smell of the shop</col>, <cd>to indicate too
distinctively one's occupation or profession.</cd> -- <col>To
talk shop</col>, <cd>to make one's business the topic of social
conversation; also, to use the phrases peculiar to one's
employment.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Store; warehouse. See <er>Store</er>.</syn>
<hw>Shop</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shopped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shopping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To visit shops for
the purpose of purchasing goods.</def>
<q>He was engaged with his mother and some ladies to go
<qex>shopping</qex>.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<hw>Shop"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bench or
board on which work is performed; a workbench.</def>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Shop"book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A book in
which a tradesman keeps his accounts.</def>
<au>Locke.</au>
<hw>Shop"boy`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boy
employed in a shop.</def>
<hw>Sho"pen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.
p.</pos> of <er>Shape</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shop"girl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A girl
employed in a shop.</def>
<hw>Shop"keep`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A trader
who sells goods in a shop, or by retail; -- in distinction from
one who sells by wholesale.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Shop"lift`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Shop</ets> + <ets>lift.</ets> See <er>Lift</er> to
steal.]</ety> <def>One who steals anything in a shop, or takes
goods privately from a shop; one who, under pretense of buying
goods, takes occasion to steal.</def>
<hw>Shop"lift`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Larceny committed in a
shop; the stealing of anything from a shop.</def>
<hw>Shop"like`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suiting a shop;
vulgar.</def>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Shop"maid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
shopgirl.</def>
<hw>Shop"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Shopmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
shopkeeper; a retailer.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who serves in a shop; a salesman.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who works in a shop or a factory.</def>
<hw>Shop"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
shops.</def>
<hw>Shop"pish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the
appearance or qualities of a shopkeeper, or shopman.</def>
<hw>Shop"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Abounding with shops.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to shops, or one's own shop or
business; <as>as, <ex>shoppy</ex> talk</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Mrs. Gaskell.</au>
<hw>Shop"shift`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The trick
of a shopkeeper; deception.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Shop"walk`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
walks about in a shop as an overseer and director. Cf.
<er>Floorwalker</er>.</def>
<hw>Shop"wom`an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Shopwomen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A woman employed
in a shop.</def>
<hw>Shop"worn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
worn or damaged by having been kept for a time in a shop.</def>
<hw>Shor"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Duty paid for
goods brought on shore.</def>
<au>Grabb.</au>
<hw>Shore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Shear</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shore</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sewer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shore</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>schore</ets>; akin
to LG. <ets>schore</ets>, D. <ets>schoor</ets>, OD.
<ets>schoore</ets>, Icel. <ets>skor<?/a</ets>, and perhaps to E.
<ets>shear</ets>, as being a piece cut off.]</ety> <def>A prop,
as a timber, placed as a brace or support against the side of a
building or other structure; a prop placed beneath anything, as a
beam, to prevent it from sinking or sagging.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>shoar</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Shore</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>schoren</ets>. See
<er>Shore</er> a prop.]</ety> <def>To support by a shore or
shores; to prop; -- usually with <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to
<ex>shore</ex> up a building</as>.</def>
<hw>Shore</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>schore</ets>, AS.
<ets>score</ets>, probably fr. <ets>scieran</ets>, and so meaning
properly, that which is shorn off, edge; akin to OD.
<ets>schoore</ets>, <ets>schoor</ets>. See <er>Shear</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>The coast or land adjacent to a
large body of water, as an ocean, lake, or large river.</def>
<q>Michael Cassio,
Lieutenant to the warlike Moor Othello,
Is come <qex>shore</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The fruitful <qex>shore</qex> of muddy Nile.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<cs><col>In shore</col>, <cd>near the shore.
<au>Marryat</au>.</cd> -- <col>On shore</col>. <cd>See under
<er>On</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shore birds</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a collective name for the various
limicoline birds found on the seashore.</cd> -- <col>Shore
crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any crab found on the
beaches, or between tides, especially any one of various species
of grapsoid crabs, as <spn>Heterograpsus nudus</spn> of
California.</cd> -- <col>Shore lark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>a small American lark (<spn>Otocoris alpestris</spn>) found
in winter, both on the seacoast and on the Western plains. Its
upper parts are varied with dark brown and light brown. It has a
yellow throat, yellow local streaks, a black crescent on its
breast, a black streak below each eye, and two small black
erectile ear tufts. Called also <altname>horned
lark</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Shore plover</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large-billed Australian plover
(<spn>Esacus magnirostris</spn>). It lives on the seashore, and
feeds on crustaceans, etc.</cd> -- <col>Shore teetan</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rock pipit (<spn>Anthus
obscurus</spn>).</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Shore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To set on
shore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shore"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no shore or coast;
of indefinite or unlimited extent; <as>as, a <ex>shoreless</ex>
ocean</as>.</def>
<au>Young.</au>
<hw>Shore"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shorling</er>.</def>
<hw>Shor"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, shores or props; a prop; a shore.</def>
<hw>Shore"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward the
shore.</def>
<hw>Shor"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
supporting or strengthening with a prop or shore.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A system of props; props, collectively.</def>
<mhw><hw>Shorl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,
<hw>Shor*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,<pos>a.</pos><mhw>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Schorl</er>,
<er>Schorlaceous</er>.</def>
<hw>Shor"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The skin of a sheen after the fleece is shorn off, as
distinct from the <xex>morling</xex>, or skin taken from the dead
sheep; also, a sheep of the first year's shearing.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person who is shorn; a shaveling; hence, in
contempt, a priest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell</au>.
<hw>Shorn</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Shear</er>.</def>
<hw>Short</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Shorter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Shortest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>short</ets>, <ets>schort</ets>, AS. <ets>scort</ets>,
<ets>sceort</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>scurz</ets>, Icel.
<ets>skorta</ets> to be short of, to lack, and perhaps to E.
<ets>shear</ets>, v. t. Cf. <er>Shirt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Not long; having brief length or linear extension; <as>as, a
<ex>short</ex> distance; a <ex>short</ex> piece of timber; a
<ex>short</ex> flight.</as></def>
<q>The bed is <qex>shorter</qex> than that a man can stretch
himself on it.</q>
<qau>Isa. xxviii. 20.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not extended in time; having very limited
duration; not protracted; <as>as, <ex>short</ex>
breath</as>.</def>
<q>The life so <qex>short</qex>, the craft so long to learn.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>To <qex>short</qex> absense I could yield.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient;
scanty; <as>as, a <ex>short</ex> supply of provisions, or of
water</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied;
scantily furnished; lacking; not coming up to a resonable, or the
ordinary, standard; -- usually with <xex>of</xex>; <as>as, to be
<ex>short</ex> of money</as>.</def>
<q>We shall be <qex>short</qex> in our provision.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Deficient; defective; imperfect; not coming up,
as to a measure or standard; <as>as, an account which is
<ex>short</ex> of the trith</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Not distant in time; near at hand.</def>
<q>Marinell was sore offended
That his departure thence should be so <qex>short</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>He commanded those who were appointed to attend him to be
ready by a <qex>short</qex> day.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Limited in intellectual power or grasp; not
comprehensive; narrow; not tenacious, as memory.</def>
<q>Their own <qex>short</qex> understandings reach
No farther than the present.</q>
<qau>Rowe.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Less important, efficaceous, or powerful; not
equal or equivalent; less (than); -- with <xex>of</xex>.</def>
<q>Hardly anything <qex>short</qex> of an invasion could rouse
them again to war.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant; <as>as, he
gave a <ex>short</ex> answer to the question</as>.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Breaking or crumbling
readily in the mouth; crisp; <as>as, <ex>short</ex>
pastry</as>.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Metal)</fld> <def>Brittle.</def>
<note><hand/ Metals that are brittle when hot are called
<xex><?/ot-short</xex>; as, cast iron may be
<xex>hot-short</xex>, owing to the presence of sulphur. Those
that are brittle when cold are called <xex>cold-short</xex>; as,
cast iron may be <xex>cold-short</xex>, on account of the
presence of phosphorus.</note>
<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>Engaging or engaged
to deliver what is not possessed; <as>as, <ex>short</ex>
contracts; to be <ex>short</ex> of stock. See <ex>The
shorts</ex>, under <er>Short</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and <ex>To sell
short</ex>, under <er>Short</er>, <pos>adv.</pos></as></def>
<note><hand/ In mercantile transactions, a note or bill is
sometimes made payable <xex>at short sight</xex>, that is, in a
little time after being presented to the payer.</note>
<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Not prolonged, or relatively
less prolonged, in utterance; -- opposed to <xex>long</xex>, and
applied to vowels or to syllables. In English, the long and short
of the same letter are not, in most cases, the long and short of
the same sound; thus, the <xex>i</xex> in <xex>ill</xex> is the
short sound, not of <xex>i</xex> in <xex>isle</xex>, but of
<xex>ee</xex> in <xex>eel</xex>, and the <xex>e</xex> in
<xex>pet</xex> is the short sound of <xex>a</xex> in
<xex>pate</xex>, etc. See <er>Quantity</er>, and <xex>Guide to
Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/<sect/22, 30.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Short</xex> is much used with participles to
form numerous self-explaining compounds; as,
<xex>short</xex>-armed, <xex>short</xex>-billed,
<xex>short</xex>-fingered, <xex>short</xex>-haired,
<xex>short</xex>-necked, <xex>short</xex>-sleeved,
<xex>short</xex>-tailed, <xex>short</xex>-winged,
<xex>short</xex>-wooled, etc.</note>
<cs><col>At short notice</col>, <cd>in a brief time;
promptly.</cd> -- <col>Short rib</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>,
<cd>one of the false ribs.</cd> -- <col>Short suit</col>
<fld>(Whist)</fld>, <cd>any suit having only three cards, or less
than three. <au>R. A. Proctor</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To come
short</col>, <col>To cut short</col>, <col>To fall
short</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Come</er>,
<er>Cut</er>, etc.</cd></cs>
<hw>Short</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A summary
account.</def>
<q>The <qex>short</qex> and the long is, our play is
preferred.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The part of milled grain sifted
out which is next finer than the bran.</def>
<q>The first remove above bran is <qex>shorts</qex>.</q>
<qau>Halliwell.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Short, inferior hemp.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Breeches; shortclothes.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>A short sound, syllable,
or vowel.</def>
<q>If we compare the nearest conventional <qex>shorts</qex> and
longs in English, as in \'bdbit\'b8 and \'bdbeat,\'b8 \'bdnot\'b8
and \'bdnaught,\'b8 we find that the short vowels are generally
wide, the long narrow, besides being generally diphthongic as
well. Hence, originally short vowels can be lengthened and yet
kept quite distinct from the original longs.</q>
<qau>H. Sweet.</qau>
<cs><col>In short</col>, <cd>in few words; in brief;
briefly.</cd> -- <col>The long and the short</col>, <cd>the
whole; a brief summing up.</cd> -- <col>The shorts</col>
<fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>, <cd>those who are unsupplied with
stocks which they contracted to deliver.</cd></cs>
<hw>Short</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a short
manner; briefly; limitedly; abruptly; quickly; <as>as, to stop
<ex>short</ex> in one's course; to turn
<ex>short</ex>.</as></def>
<q>He was taken up very <qex>short</qex>, and adjudged corrigible
for such presumptuous language.</q>
<qau>Howell.</qau>
<cs><col>To sell short</col> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>, <cd>to
sell, for future delivery, what the party selling does not own,
but hopes to buy at a lower rate.</cd></cs>
<hw>Short</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sceortian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To shorten.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Short</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fail; to decrease.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Short"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Amount or
extent of deficiency, as determined by some requirement or
standard; <as>as, a <ex>shortage</ex> in money
accounts</as>.</def>
<hw>Short"-breathed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having short-breath, or quick respiration.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having short life.</def>
<hw>Short"cake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
unsweetened breakfast cake shortened with butter or lard, rolled
thin, and baked.</def>
<hw>Short" cir"cuit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A
circuit formed or closed by a conductor of relatively low
resistance because shorter or of relatively great
conductivity.</def>
<hw>Short"-cir`cuit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.
& p. p.</pos> <er>Short-circuited</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Short-circuiting</er>.]</wordforms>
<fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>To join, as the electrodes of a battery
or dynamo or any two points of a circuit, by a conductor of low
resistance.</def>
<hw>Short"clothes`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Coverings for the legs of men or boys, consisting of
trousers which reach only to the knees, -- worn with long
stockings.</def>
<hw>Short"com`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of falling, or coming short</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
failure of a crop, or the like</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Neglect
of, or failure in, performance of duty.</def>
<hw>Short"-dat`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
little time to run from the date.</def> \'bdThy
<xex>short-dated</xex> life.\'b8
<au>Sandys.</au>
<hw>Short"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shortened <?/</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Shortening</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[See <er>Short</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To make short or shorter in measure, extent, or time;
<as>as, to <ex>shorten</ex> distance; to <ex>shorten</ex> a road;
to <ex>shorten</ex> days of calamity.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or
extent; to lessen; to abridge; to curtail; to contract; <as>as,
to <ex>shorten</ex> work, an allowance of food, etc.</as></def>
<q>Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I am
<qex>shortened</qex> by my chain.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make deficient (as to); to deprive; -- with
<xex>of</xex>.</def>
<q>Spoiled of his nose, and <qex>shortened</qex> of his ears.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make short or friable, as pastry, with
butter, lard, pot liquor, or the like.</def>
<cs><col>To shorten a rope</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to take
in the slack of it.</cd> -- <col>To shorten sail</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to reduce sail by taking it in.</cd></cs>
<hw>Short"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become short or
shorter; <as>as, the day <ex>shortens</ex> in northern latitudes
from June to December; a metallic rod <ex>shortens</ex> by
cold.</as></def>
<hw>Short"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, shortens.</def>
<hw>Short"en*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
making or becoming short or shorter.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>That which renders pastry
short or friable, as butter, lard, etc.</def>
<hw>Short"hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
compendious and rapid method or writing by substituting
characters, abbreviations, or symbols, for letters, words, etc.;
short writing; stenography. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Phonography</er>.</def>
<hw>Short`-hand"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Short of, or lacking
the regular number of, servants or helpers.</def>
<hw>Short"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sucking
whale less than one year old; -- so called by sailors.</def>
<hw>Short"horn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>One of a
breed of large, heavy domestic cattle having short horns. The
breed was developed in England.</def>
<hw>Short"-joint`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
short intervals between the joints; -- said of a plant or an
animal, especially of a horse whose pastern is too short.</def>
<hw>Short"-lived`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not
living or lasting long; being of short continuance; <as>as, a
<ex>short-lived</ex> race of beings; <ex>short-lived</ex>
pleasure; <ex>short-lived</ex> passion</as>.</def>
<hw>Short"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sceortlice</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a short or
brief time or manner; soon; quickly.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>I shall grow jealous of you <qex>shortly</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The armies came <qex>shortly</qex> in view of each other.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>In few words; briefly; abruptly; curtly; <as>as,
to express ideas more <ex>shortly</ex> in verse than in
prose</as>.</def>
<hw>Short"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being short; want of reach or extension; brevity; deficiency;
<as>as, the <ex>shortness</ex> of a journey; the
<ex>shortness</ex> of the days in winter; the <ex>shortness</ex>
of an essay; the <ex>shortness</ex> of the memory; a
<ex>shortness</ex> of provisions; <ex>shortness</ex> of
breath</as>.</def>
<hw>Short"sight`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Not able to see far; nearsighted; myopic. See
<er>Myopic</er>, and <er>Myopia</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Not able to look far into futurity; unable
to understand things deep; of limited intellect.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having little regard for the future;
heedless.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Short"sight`ed*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Short"sight`ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<q>Cunning is a kind of <qex>shortsightedness</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Short"-spo`ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Speaking
in a quick or short manner; hence, gruff; curt.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Short"stop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The player stationed in the field
bewtween the second and third bases.</def>
<hw>Short"-waist`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
a short waist.</def>
<hw>Short"-wind`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected
with shortness of breath; having a quick, difficult respiration,
as dyspnoic and asthmatic persons.</def>
<au>May.</au>
<hw>Short"wing`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small
wrenlike Asiatic birds having short wings and a short tail. They
belong to <xex>Brachypterix</xex>, <xex>Callene</xex>, and allied
genera.</def>
<-- p. 1333 -->
<hw>Short"-wit`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
little wit; not wise; having scanty intellect or judgment.</def>
<hw>Shor"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lying near the
shore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sho*sho"nes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.
<singw>Shoshone</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>.
<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> A linguistic family or stock of North
American Indians, comprising many tribes, which extends from
Montana and Idaho into Mexico. In a restricted sense the name is
applied especially to the Snakes, the most northern of the
tribes.</def>
<hw>Shot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>
<er>Shoot</er>.</def>
<hw>Shot</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Woven in such a way as to
produce an effect of variegation, of changeable tints, or of
being figured; <as>as, <ex>shot</ex> silks</as>. See
<er>Shoot</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 8.</def>
<hw>Shot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>scot</ets>,
<ets>sceot</ets>, fr. <ets>sce\'a2tan</ets> to shoot; akin to D.
<ets>sschot</ets>, Icel. <ets>skot</ets>. <root/159. See
<er>Scot</er> a share, <er>Shoot</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Shot</er> a shooting.]</ety> <def>A share or proportion; a
reckoning; a scot.</def>
<q>Here no <qex>shots</qex> are where all shares be.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<q>A man is never . . . welcome to a place till some certain
<qex>shot</qex> be paid and the hostess say \'bdWelcome.\'b8</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Shot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Shot</plw>or
<plw>Shots</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>shot</ets>,
<ets>schot</ets>, AS. <ets>gesceot</ets> a missile; akin to D.
<ets>schot</ets> a shot, shoot, G. <ets>schuss</ets>,
ge<ets>schoss</ets> a missile, Icel. <ets>skot</ets> a throwing,
a javelin, and E. <ets>shoot</ets>, v.t. <root/159. See
<er>Shoot</er>, and cf. <er>Shot</er> a share.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of shooting; discharge of a firearm or other weapon
which throws a missile.</def>
<q>He caused twenty <qex>shot</qex> of his greatest cannon to be
made at the king's army.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A missile weapon, particularly a ball or bullet;
specifically, whatever is discharged as a projectile from
firearms or cannon by the force of an explosive.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Shot</xex> used in war is of various kinds,
classified according to the material of which it is composed,
into <xex>lead</xex>, <xex>wrought-iron</xex>, and
<xex>cast-iron</xex>; according to form, into
<xex>spherical</xex> and <xex>oblong</xex>; according to
structure and modes of operation, into <xex>solid</xex>,
<xex>hollow</xex>, and <xex>case</xex>. See <cref>Bar
shot</cref>, <cref>Chain shot</cref>, etc., under <er>Bar</er>,
<er>Chain</er>, etc.</note>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Small globular masses of lead, of various sizes,
-- used chiefly for killing game; <as>as, bird <ex>shot</ex>;
buck<ex>shot</ex>.</as></def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The flight of a missile, or the distance which
it is, or can be, thrown; <as>as, the vessel was distant more
than a cannon <ex>shot</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A marksman; one who practices shooting; <as>as,
an exellent <ex>shot</ex></as>.</def>
<cs><col>Shot belt</col>, <cd>a belt having a pouch or
compartment for carrying shot.</cd> -- <col>Shot cartridge</col>,
<cd>a cartridge containing powder and small shot, forming a
charge for a shotgun.</cd> -- <col>Shot garland</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a wooden frame to contain shot, secured
to the coamings and ledges round the hatchways of a ship.</cd> --
<col>Shot gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the
diameter of round shot. <au>Totten</au>.</cd> -- <col>shot
hole</col>, <cd>a hole made by a shot or bullet discharged.</cd>
-- <col>Shot locker</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a strongly
framed compartment in the hold of a vessel, for containing
shot.</cd> -- <col>Shot of a cable</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>the splicing of two or more cables together, or the whole
length of the cables thus united.</cd> -- <col>Shot prop</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a wooden prop covered with tarred hemp,
to stop a hole made by the shot of an enemy in a ship's
side.</cd> -- <col>Shot tower</col>, <cd>a lofty tower for making
shot, by dropping from its summit melted lead in slender streams.
The lead forms spherical drops which cool in the descent, and are
received in water or other liquid.</cd> -- <col>Shot
window</col>, <cd>a window projecting from the wall. Ritson,
quoted by Halliwell, explains it as a window that opens and
shuts; and Wodrow describes it as a window of shutters made of
timber and a few inches of glass above them.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shotted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To load with shot, as a
gun.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<hw>Shot"-clog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person
tolerated only because he pays the shot, or reckoning, for the
rest of the company, otherwise a mere clog on them.</def>
<mark>[Old Slang]</mark>
<q>Thou common <qex>shot-clog</qex>, gull of all companies.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<hw>Shote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sce\'a2ta</ets> a darting fish, a trout, fr.
<ets>sce\'a2tan</ets>. See <er>Shoot</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish
resembling the trout.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Garew.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Perh. a different word.]</ety> <def>A young
hog; a shoat.</def>
<hw>Shot"-free`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not to be
injured by shot; shot-proof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Feltham.</au>
<hw>Shot"-free`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from charge or
expense; hence, unpunished; scot-free.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shot"gun`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A light,
smooth-bored gun, often double-barreled, especially designed for
firing small shot at short range, and killing small game.</def>
<hw>Shot"-proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Impenetrable by shot.</def>
<hw>Shots</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>The refuse of
cattle taken from a drove.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Shot"ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Loaded with shot.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having a shot attached;
<as>as, a <ex>shotten</ex> suture</as>.</def>
<hw>Shot"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Properly p.
p. of <ets>shoot</ets>; AS. <ets>scoten</ets>,
<ets>sceoten</ets>, p. p. of <ets>sce\'a2tan</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having ejected the spawn; <as>as, a
<ex>shotten</ex> herring</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Shot out of its socket; dislocated, as a
bone.</def>
<hw>Shough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A shockdog.</def>
<hw>Shough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shoo</er>.</def>
<au>Beau & Fl.</au>
<hw>Should</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp.</pos> <mord>of
<er>Shall</er></mord>. <ety>[OE. <ets>sholde</ets>,
<ets>shulde</ets>, <ets>scholde</ets>, <ets>schulde</ets>, AS.
<ets>scolde</ets>, <ets>sceolde</ets>. See <er>Shall</er>.]</ety>
<def>Used as an auxiliary verb, to express a conditional or
contingent act or state, or as a supposition of an actual fact;
also, to express moral obligation (see <er>Shall</er>); <it>e.
g.</it>: they <xex>should</xex> have come last week; if I
<xex>should</xex> go; I <xex>should</xex> think you could
go.</def> \'bdYou have done that you <xex>should</xex> be sorry
for.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Ought</er>.</syn>
<hw>Shoul"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shulder</ets>, <ets>shuldre</ets>, <ets>schutder</ets>, AS.
<ets>sculdor</ets>; akin to D. <ets>schoulder</ets>, G.
<ets>schulter</ets>, OHG. <ets>scultarra</ets>, Dan.
<ets>skulder</ets>, Sw. <ets>skuldra</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The joint, or the region of the joint, by
which the fore limb is connected with the body or with the
shoulder girdle; the projection formed by the bones and muscles
about that joint.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The flesh and muscles connected with the
shoulder joint; the upper part of the back; that part of the
human frame on which it is most easy to carry a heavy burden; --
often used in the plural.</def>
<q>Then by main force pulled up, and on his <qex>shoulders</qex>
bore
The gates of Azza.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Adown her <qex>shoulders</qex> fell her length of hair.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: That which supports or sustains;
support.</def>
<q>In thy <qex>shoulder</qex> do I build my seat.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which resembles a human shoulder, as any
protuberance or projection from the body of a thing.</def>
<q>The north western <qex>shoulder</qex> of the mountain.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The upper joint of the fore leg and adjacent
parts of an animal, dressed for market; <as>as, a
<ex>shoulder</ex> of mutton</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The angle of a bastion
included between the face and flank. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Bastion</er>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>An abrupt projection which forms an abutment on
an object, or limits motion, etc., as the projection around a
tenon at the end of a piece of timber, the part of the top of a
type which projects beyond the base of the raised character,
etc.</def>
<cs><col>Shoulder belt</col>, <cd>a belt that passes across the
shoulder.</cd> -- <col>Shoulder blade</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>,
<cd>the flat bone of the shoulder, to which the humerus is
articulated; the scapula.</cd> -- <col>Shoulder block</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a block with a projection, or shoulder,
near the upper end, so that it can rest against a spar without
jamming the rope.</cd> -- <col>Shoulder clapper</col>, <cd>one
who claps another on the shoulder, or who uses great familiarity.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak.</au></cd> -- <col>Shoulder
girdle</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Pectoral
girdle</cref>, under <er>Pectoral</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shoulder
knot</col>, <cd>an ornamental knot of ribbon or lace worn on the
shoulder; a kind of epaulet or braided ornament worn as part of a
military uniform.</cd> -- <col>Shoulder-of-mutton sail</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a triangular sail carried on a boat's
mast; -- so called from its shape.</cd> -- <col>Shoulder
slip</col>, <cd>dislocation of the shoulder, or of the humerous.
<au>Swift</au>.</cd> -- <col>Shoulder strap</col>, <cd>a strap
worn on or over the shoulder. Specifically <fld>(Mil. &
Naval)</fld>, a narrow strap worn on the shoulder of a
commissioned officer, indicating, by a suitable device, the rank
he holds in the service. See <xex>Illust<xex>. in App.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shoul"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shouldered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shouldering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To push or
thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence; to jostle.</def>
<q>As they the earth would <qex>shoulder</qex> from her seat.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Around her numberless the rabble flowed,
<qex>Shouldering</qex> each other, crowding for a view.</q>
<qau>Rowe.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take upon the shoulder or shoulders; <as>as,
to <ex>shoulder</ex> a basket</as>; hence, to assume the burden
or responsibility of; <as>as, to <ex>shoulder</ex> blame; to
<ex>shoulder</ex> a debt.</as></def>
<q>As if Hercules
Or burly Atlas <qex>shouldered</qex> up their state.</q>
<qau>Marston.</qau>
<cs><col>Right shoulder arms</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a
position in the Manual of Arms which the piece is placed on the
right shoulder, with the lock plate up, and the muzzle elevated
and inclined to the left, and held as in the
illustration.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shoul"dered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
shoulders; -- used in composition; <as>as, a
broad-<ex>shouldered</ex> man</as>.</def> \'bdHe was
short-<xex>shouldered</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shoul"der-shot`ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sprained in the shoulder, as a horse.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shouted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Shouting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shouten</ets>, of unknown origin; perhaps akin to
<ets>shoot</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>sk<?/ta</ets>,
<ets>sk<?/ti</ets>, a taunt.]</ety> <def>To utter a sudden and
loud outcry, as in joy, triumph, or exultation, or to attract
attention, to animate soldiers, etc.</def>
<q>Shouting of the men and women eke.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>They <qex>shouted</qex> thrice: what was the last cry for?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>To shout at</col>, <cd>to utter shouts at; to deride or
revile with shouts.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shout</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter with a
shout; to cry; -- sometimes with <xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to
<ex>shout</ex>, or to <ex>shout</ex> out, a man's
name</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To treat with shouts or clamor.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Shout</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A loud burst of voice or
voices; a vehement and sudden outcry, especially of a multitudes
expressing joy, triumph, exultation, or animated courage.</def>
<q>The Rhodians, seeing the enemy turn their backs, gave a great
<qex>shout</qex> in derision.</q>
<qau>Knolles.</qau>
<hw>Shout"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
shouts.</def>
<hw>Shove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shoved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Shoving</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>shoven</ets>, AS. <ets>scofian</ets>, fr.
<ets>sc<?/fan</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>sk<?/va</ets>, D.
<ets>schuiven</ets>, G. <ets>schieben</ets>, OHG.
<ets>scioban</ets>, Icel. <ets>sk<?/fa</ets>, <ets>sk<?/fa</ets>,
Sw. <ets>skuffa</ets>, Dan. <ets>skuffe</ets>, Goth.
af<ets>skiuban</ets> to put away, cast away; cf. Skr.
<ets>kshubh</ets> to become agitated, to quake, Lith.
<ets>skubrus</ets> quick, <ets>skubinti</ets> to hasten.
<root/160. Cf. <er>Sheaf</er> a bundle of stalks,
<er>Scoop</er>, <er>Scuffle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
drive along by the direct and continuous application of strength;
to push; especially, to push (a body) so as to make it move along
the surface of another body; <as>as, to <ex>shove</ex> a boat on
the water; to <ex>shove</ex> a table across the floor.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To push along, aside, or away, in a careless or
rude manner; to jostle.</def>
<q>And <qex>shove</qex> away the worthy bidden guest.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>He used to <qex>shove</qex> and elbow his fellow servants.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<hw>Shove</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To push or
drive forward; to move onward by pushing or jostling.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move off or along by an act pushing, as with
an oar a pole used by one in a boat; sometimes with
<xex>off</xex>.</def>
<q>He grasped the oar,<
eceived his guests on board, and <qex>shoved</qex> from
shore.</q>
<qau>Garth.</qau>
<hw>Shove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
shoving; a forcible push.</def>
<q>I rested . . . and then gave the boat another
<qex>shove</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Thrust</er>.</syn>
<hw>Shove</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Shove</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shove"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shove"groat`</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The same as
<er>Shovelboard</er>.</def>
<hw>Shov"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shovele</ets>, <ets>schovele</ets>, AS. <ets>scoft</ets>,
<ets>sceoft</ets>; akin to D. <ets>schoffel</ets>, G.
<ets>schaufel</ets>, OHG. <ets>sc<?/vala</ets>, Dan.
<ets>skovl</ets>, Sw. <ets>skofvel</ets>, <ets>skyffel</ets>, and
to E. <ets>shove</ets>. <root/160. See <er>Shove</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>An implement consisting of a broad scoop, or
more or less hollow blade, with a handle, used for lifting and
throwing earth, coal, grain, or other loose substances.</def>
<cs><col>Shovel hat</col>, a broad-brimmed hat, turned up at the
sides, and projecting in front like a shovel, -- worn by some
clergy of the English Church. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> --
<col>Shovelspur</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a flat,
horny process on the tarsus of some toads, -- used in
burrowing.</cd> -- <col>Steam shovel</col>, <cd>a machine with a
scoop or scoops, operated by a steam engine, for excavating
earth, as in making railway cuttings.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shov"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shoveled</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Shovelled</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Shoveling</er> or
<er>Shovelling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take up and
throw with a shovel; <as>as, to <ex>shovel</ex> earth into a
heap, or into a cart, or out of a pit</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To gather up as with a shovel.</def>
<hw>Shov"el*ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shoveler.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shov"el*bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The shoveler.</def>
<hw>Shov"el*board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A board on which a game is played, by pushing or driving
pieces of metal or money to reach certain marks; also, the game
itself. Called also <altname>shuffleboard</altname>,
<altname>shoveboard</altname>, <altname>shovegroat</altname>,
<altname>shovelpenny</altname>.</def><-- now usu. shuffleboard.
-->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A game played on board ship in which the aim is
to shove or drive with a cue wooden disks into divisions chalked
on the deck; -- called also
<altname>shuffleboard</altname>.</def>
<hw>Shov"el*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Also
<ets>shoveller</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that
which, shovels.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A river duck (<spn>Spatula
clypeata</spn>), native of Europe and America. It has a large
bill, broadest towards the tip. The male is handsomely variegated
with green, blue, brown, black, and white on the body; the head
and neck are dark green. Called also
<altname>broadbill</altname>, <altname>spoonbill</altname>,
<altname>shovelbill</altname>, and <altname>maiden
duck</altname>. The Australian shoveler, or shovel-nosed duck
(<spn>S. rhynchotis</spn>), is a similar species.
<hw>Shov"el*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Shovelfuls</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>As much as a
shovel will hold; enough to fill a shovel.</def>
<hw>Shov"el*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shark (<spn>Sphryna tiburio</spn>)
allied to the hammerhead, and native of the warmer parts of the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans; -- called also <altname>bonnet
shark</altname>.</def>
<hw>Shov"el*nose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The common sand shark.
See under <er>Snad</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small
California shark (<spn>Heptranchias maculatus</spn>), which is
taken for its oil.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A Pacific Ocean shark
(<spn>Hexanchus corinus</spn>).</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A ganoid
fish of the Sturgeon family (<spn>Scaphirhynchus
platyrhynchus</spn>) of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers; --
called also <altname>white sturgeon</altname>.</def>
<hw>Shov"el-nosed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a broad, flat nose; <as>as, the
<ex>shovel-nosed</ex> duck, or shoveler</as>.</def>
<hw>Shov"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.
p.</pos> of <er>Shove</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Show</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Showed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Shown</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Showed</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Showing</er>. <altsp>It is sometimes
written <asp>shew</asp>, <asp>shewed</asp>, <asp>shewn</asp>,
<asp>shewing</asp>.</altsp>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schowen</ets>, <ets>shewen</ets>, <ets>schewen</ets>,
<ets>shawen</ets>, AS. <ets>sce\'a0wian</ets>, to look, see,
view; akin to OS. <ets>scaw<?/n</ets>, OFries. <ets>skawia</ets>,
D. <ets>schouwen</ets>, OHG. <ets>scouw<?/n</ets>, G.
<ets>schauen</ets>, Dan. <ets>skue</ets>, Sw. <ets>sk<?/da</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sko<?/a</ets>, Goth. us<ets>skawjan</ets> to waken,
<ets>skuggwa</ets> a mirror, Icel. <ets>skuggy</ets> shade,
shadow, L. <ets>cavere</ets> to be on one's guard, Gr. <?/<?/<?/
to mark, perceive, hear, Skr. <ets>kavi</ets> wise. Cf.
<er>Caution</er>, <er>Scavenger</er>, <er>Sheen</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To exhibit or present to view; to place in
sight; to display; -- the thing exhibited being the object, and
often with an indirect object denoting the person or thing seeing
or beholding; <as>as, to <ex>show</ex> a house; <ex>show</ex>
your colors; shopkeepers <ex>show</ex> customers goods (show
goods to customers).</as></def>
<q>Go thy way, <qex>shew</qex> thyself to the priest.</q>
<qau>Matt. viii. 4.</qau>
<q>Nor want we skill or art from whence to raise
Magnificence; and what can heaven <qex>show</qex> more?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exhibit to the mental view; to tell; to
disclose; to reveal; to make known; <as>as, to <ex>show</ex>
one's designs</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Shew</qex> them the way wherein they must walk.</q>
<qau>Ex. xviii. 20.</qau>
<q>If it please my father to do thee evil, then I will
<qex>shew</qex> it thee, and send thee away.</q>
<qau>1 Sam. xx. 13.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Specifically, to make known the way to (a
person); hence, to direct; to guide; to asher; to conduct;
<as>as, to <ex>show</ex> a person into a parlor; to <ex>show</ex>
one to the door</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make apparent or clear, as by evidence,
testimony, or reasoning; to prove; to explain; also, to manifest;
to evince; <as>as, to <ex>show</ex> the truth of a statement; to
<ex>show</ex> the causes of an event</as>.</def>
<q>I 'll <qex>show</qex> my duty by my timely care.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To bestow; to confer; to afford; <as>as, to
<ex>show</ex> favor</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Shewing</qex> mercy unto thousands of them that love
me.</q>
<qau>Ex. xx. 6.</qau>
<cs><col>To show forth</col>, <cd>to manifest; to publish; to
proclaim.</cd> -- <col>To show his paces</col>, <cd>to exhibit
the gait, speed, or the like; -- said especially of a horse.</cd>
-- <col>To show off</col>, <cd>to exhibit ostentatiously.</cd> --
<col>To show up</col>, <cd>to expose.
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>
<hw>Show</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Written also
<ets>shew</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To exhibit or manifest
one's self or itself; to appear; to look; to be in appearance; to
seem.</def>
<q>Just such she <qex>shows</qex> before a rising storm.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>All round a hedge upshoots, and <qex>shows</qex>
At distance like a little wood.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<-- p. 1334 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a certain appearance, as well or ill,
fit or unfit; to become or suit; to appear.</def>
<q>My lord of York, it better <qex>showed</qex> with you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>To show off</col>, <cd>to make a show; to display one's
self.</cd></cs>
<hw>Show</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formerly written
also <ets>shew</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of showing,
or bringing to view; exposure to sight; exhibition.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which os shown, or brought to view; that
which is arranged to be seen; a spectacle; an exhibition; <as>as,
a traveling <ex>show</ex>; a cattle <ex>show</ex></as>.</def>
<q>As for triumphs, masks, feasts, and such <qex>shows</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Proud or ostentatious display; parade;
pomp.</def>
<q>I envy none their pageantry and <qex>show</qex>.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Semblance; likeness; appearance.</def>
<q>He through the midst unmarked,
In <qex>show</qex> plebeian angel militant
Of lowest order, passed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>False semblance; deceitful appearance;
pretense.</def>
<q>Beware of the scribes, . . . which devour widows' houses, and
for a <qex>shew</qex> make long prayers.</q>
<qau>Luke xx. 46. 47.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A discharge, from the vagina,
of mucus streaked with blood, occuring a short time before
labor.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A pale blue flame, at the
top of a candle flame, indicating the presence of fire
damp.</def>
<au>Raymond.</au>
<cs><col>Show bill</col>, <cd>a broad sheet containing an
advertisement in large letters.</cd> -- <col>Show box</col>,
<cd>a box xontaining some object of curiosity carried round as a
show.</cd> -- <col>Show card</col>, <cd>an advertising placard;
also, a card for displaying samples.</cd> -- <col>Show
case</col>, <cd>a gla<?/ed case, box, or cabinet for displaying
and protecting shopkeepers' wares, articles on exhibition in
museums, etc.</cd> -- <col>Show glass</col>, <cd>a glass which
displays objects; a mirror.</cd> -- <col>Show of hands</col>,
<cd>a raising of hands to indicate judgment; as, the vote was
taken by a <xex>show of hands<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Show
stone</col>, <cd>a piece of glass or crystal supposed to have the
property of exhibiting images of persons or things not present,
indicating in that way future events.</cd></cs>
<hw>Show"bread`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Jewish
Antiq.)</fld> <def>Bread of exhibition; loaves to set before God;
-- the term used in translating the various phrases used in the
Hebrew and Greek to designate the loaves of bread which the
priest of the week placed before the Lord on the golden table in
the sanctuary. They were made of fine flour unleavened, and were
changed every Sabbath. The loaves, twelve in number, represented
the twelve tribes of Israel. They were to be eaten by the priests
only, and in the Holy Place.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>shewbread</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Mark ii. 26.</au>
<hw>Show"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who shows or exhibits.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which shows; a mirror.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif.</au>
<hw>Show"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shour</ets>, <ets>schour</ets>, AS. <ets>se<?/r</ets>; akin
to D. <ets>schoer</ets>, G. <ets>schauer</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sc<?/r</ets>, Icel. <ets>sk<?/r</ets>, Sw. <ets>skur</ets>,
Goth. <ets>sk<?/ra windis</ets> a storm of wind; of uncertain
origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fall or rain or hail of short
duration; sometimes, but rarely, a like fall of snow.</def>
<q>In drought or else <qex>showers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Or wet the thirsty earth with falling <qex>showers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which resembles a shower in falling or
passing through the air copiously and rapidly.</def>
<q>With <qex>showers</qex> of stones he drives them far away.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A copious supply bestowed.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>He and myself
Have travail'd in the great <qex>shower</qex> of your gifts.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>Shower bath</col>, <cd>a bath in which water is showered
from above, and sometimes from the sides also.</cd></cs>
<hw>Show"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Showered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Showering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
water with a shower; to <?/<?/t copiously with rain.</def>
<q>Lest it again dissolve and <qex>shower</qex> the earth.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bestow liberally; to destribute or scatter in
<?/undance; to rain.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>C<?/sar's favor,
That <qex>showers</qex> down greatness on his friends.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Show"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rain in showers; to
fall, as in a hower or showers.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Show"er*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of
showers.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Show"er*i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality
of being showery.</def>
<hw>Show"er*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rainless; freo from
showers.</def>
<hw>Show"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Raining in showers; abounding with frequent showers of
rain.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a shower or showers.</def>
\'bdColors of the <xex>showery</xex> arch.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Show"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a showy
manner; pompously; with parade.</def>
<hw>Show"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being showy; pompousness; great parade; ostentation.</def>
<hw>Show"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Appearance;
display; exhibition.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Presentation of facts; statement.</def>
<au>J. S. Mill.</au>
<hw>Show"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Showy; ostentatious.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Show"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Showmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>One who exhibits a
show; a proprietor of a show</plu>.</def>
<-- 1 (b) esp. a producer of an entertainment .
2. One who has a knack for dramatic or entertaining presentation.
-->
<hw>Shown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Show</er>.</def>
<hw>Show"room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A room or
apartment where a show is exhibited.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A room where merchandise is exposed for sale, or
where samples are displayed.</def>
<hw>Show"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Compar</ets>. <er>Showier</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;
<ets>superl</ets>. <er>Showiest</er>.]</ety> <def>Making a show;
attracting attention; presenting a marked appearance;
ostentatious; gay; gaudy.</def>
<q>A present of everything that was rich and
<qex>showy</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Splendid; gay; gaudy; gorgeous; fine; magnificent;
grand; stately; sumptuous; pompous.</syn>
<hw>Shrag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF.
<er>Scrag</er>.]</ety> <def>A twig of a tree cut off.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shrag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To trim, as trees; to
lop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shrag"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who lops;
one who trims trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Huloet.</au>
<hw>Shram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
Shrink.]</ety> <def>To cause to shrink or shrivel with cold; to
benumb.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shrank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Shrink</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Shrap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Shrape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Scrap</er>, and
<er>Scrape</er>.]</ety> <def>A place baited with chaff to entice
birds.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>scrap</asp>.]</altsp>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Bedell.</au>
<hw>Shrap"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Applied as an
appellation to a kind of shell invented by Gen. H.
<xex>Shrapnel</xex> of the British army.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A shrapnel shell; shrapnel shells,
collectively.</def></def2>
<cs><col>Shrapnel shell</col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>a
projectile for a cannon, consisting of a shell filled with
bullets and a small bursting charge to scatter them at any given
point while in flight. See the Note under <er>Case
shot</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shrede</ets>, <ets>schrede</ets>, AS. <ets>scre\'a0de</ets>;
akin to OD. <ets>schroode</ets>, G. <ets>schrot</ets> a piece cut
off, Icel. <ets>skrjo\'ebr</ets> a shred, and to E.
<ets>shroud</ets>. Cf. <er>Screed</er>, <er>Scroll</er>,
<er>Scrutiny</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long, narrow piece
cut or torn off; a strip.</def> \'bd<xex>Shreds</xex> of tanned
leather.\'b8
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>In general, a fragment; a piece; a
particle.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shred</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shred</er> or <er>Shredded</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Shredding</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>shreden</ets>, <ets>schreden</ets>, AS.
<ets>scre\'a0dian</ets>; akin to OD. <ets>schrooden</ets>, OHG.
<ets>scr<?/tan</ets>, G. <ets>schroten</ets>. See <er>Shred</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut or tear into small
pieces, particularly narrow and long pieces, as of cloth or
leather.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lop; to prune; to trim.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shred"cook`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fieldfare; -- so called from its
harsh cry before rain.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shred"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of cutting or tearing into shreds.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is cut or torn off; a piece.</def>
<au>Hooker.</au>
<hw>Shred"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of
shreds.</def>
<hw>Shred"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no shreds; without
a shred.</def>
<q>And those which waved are <qex>shredless</qex> dust ere
now.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<hw>Shrew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shrewe</ets>, <ets>schrewe</ets>. Cf.
<er>Shrewd</er>.]</ety> <def>Wicked; malicious.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shrew</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Shrew</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Originally, a brawling,
turbulent, vexatious person of either sex, but now restricted in
use to females; a brawler; a scold.</def>
<q>A man . . . grudgeth that <qex>shrews</qex> [i. e., bad men]
have prosperity, or else that good men have adversity.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>A man had got a <qex>shrew</qex> to his wife, and there could
be no quiet in the house for her.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[AS. <ets>scre\'a0wa</ets>; -- so called because
supposed to be venomous. ]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
small insectivore of the genus <spn>Sorex</spn> and several
allied genera of the family <spn>Sorecid\'91</spn>. In form and
color they resemble mice, but they have a longer and more pointed
nose. Some of them are the smallest of all mammals.</def>
<note><hand/ The common European species are the house shrew
(<spn>Crocidura araneus</spn>), and the erd shrew (<spn>Sorex
vulgaris</spn>) (see under <er>Erd</er>.). In the United States
several species of <spn>Sorex</spn> and <spn>Blarina</spn> are
common, as the broadnosed shrew (<spn>S. platyrhinus</spn>),
Cooper's shrew (<spn>S. Cooperi</spn>), and the short-tailed, or
mole, shrew (<spn>Blarina brevicauda</spn>). Th American water,
or marsh, shrew (<spn>Neosorex palustris</spn>), with fringed
feet, is less common. The common European water shrews are
<spn>Crossopus fodiens</spn>, and the oared shrew (see under
<er>Oared</er>).</note>
<cs><col>Earth shrew</col>, <cd>any shrewlike burrowing animal of
the family <spn>Centetid\'91</spn>, as the tendrac.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Elephant shrew</col>, <col>Jumping shrew</col>,
<col>Mole shrew</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Elephant</er>,
<er>Jumping</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Musk shrew</col>. <cd>See
<er>Desman</er>.</cd> -- <col>River shrew</col>, <cd>an aquatic
West African insectivore (<spn>Potamogale velox</spn>) resembling
a weasel in form and size, but having a large flattened and
crested tail adapted for rapid swimming. It feeds on fishes.</cd>
-- <col>Shrew mole</col>, <cd>a common large North American mole
(<spn>Scalops aquaticus</spn>). Its fine, soft fur is gray with
iridescent purple tints.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shrew</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Shrew</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Beshrew</er>.]</ety> <def>To beshrew;
to curse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdI <xex>shrew</xex>
myself.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shrewd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Shrewder</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Shrewdest</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Originally the p. p. of <ets>shrew</ets>, v.t.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Inclining to shrew; disposing to curse or scold;
hence, vicious; malicious; evil; wicked; mischievous; vexatious;
rough; unfair; shrewish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>[Egypt] hath many <qex>shrewd</qex> havens, because of the
great rocks that ben strong and dangerous to pass by.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Mandeville.</qau>
<q>Every of this happy number
That have endured <qex>shrewd</qex> days and nights with us.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Artful; wily; cunning; arch.</def>
<q>These women are <qex>shrewd</qex> tempters with their
tongues.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Able or clever in practical affairs; sharp in
business; astute; sharp-witted; sagacious; keen; <as>as, a
<ex>shrewd</ex> observer; a <ex>shrewd</ex> design; a
<ex>shrewd</ex> reply.</as></def>
<q>Professing to despise the ill opinion of mankind creates a
<qex>shrewd</qex> suspicion that we have deserved it.</q>
<qau>Secker.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Keen; critical; subtle; artful; astute; sagacious;
discerning; acute; penetrating.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Shrewd</er>,
<er>Sagacious</er>. One who is shrewd is keen to detect errors,
to penetrate disguises, to foresee and guard against the
selfishness of others. <xex>Shrewd</xex> is a word of less
dignity than <xex>sagacious</xex>, which implies a comprehensive
as well as penetrating mind, whereas <xex>shrewd</xex> does
not.</usage>
-- <wordforms><wf>Shrewd"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Shrewd"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Shrew"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>having the
qualities of a shrew; having a scolding disposition; froward;
peevish.</def>
<q>My wife is <qex>shrewish</qex> when I keep not hours.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Shrew"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Shrew"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Shrew"mouse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shrew; especially, the erd
shrew.</def>
<-- Sorex vulgaris -->
<hw>Shriek</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shrieked</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shrieking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>shriken</ets>,
originallythe same word as E. <ets>screech</ets>. See
<er>Screech</er>, and cf. <er>Screak</er>.]</ety> <def>To utter a
loud, sharp, shrill sound or cry, as do some birds and beasts; to
scream, as in a sudden fright, in horror or anguish.</def>
<q>It was the owl that <qex>shrieked</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>At this she <qex>shrieked</qex> aloud; the mournful train
Echoed her grief.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Shriek</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter
sharply and shrilly; to utter in or with a shriek or
shrieks.</def>
<q>On top whereof aye dwelt the ghostly owl,
<qex>Shrieking</qex> his baleful note.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>She <qex>shrieked</qex> his name
To the dark woods.</q>
<qau>Moore.</qau>
<hw>Shriek</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sharp, shrill outcry or
scream; a shrill wild cry such as is caused by sudden or extreme
terror, pain, or the like.</def>
<q><qex>Shrieks</qex>, clamors, murmurs, fill the frighted
town.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<cs><col>Shriek owl</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>The screech owl</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The swift; -- so
called from its cry.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shriek"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
utters a shriek.</def>
<hw>Shriev"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a sheriff.</def>
<hw>Shriev"al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr.
from <ets>sheriffalty</ets>. See <er>Shrieve</er>, <pos>n.</pos>
<er>Sheriff</er>.]</ety> <def>The office, or sphere of
jurisdiction, of a sheriff; sheriffalty.</def>
<q>It was ordained by 28 Edward I that the people shall have
election of sheriff in every shire where the
<qex>shrievalty</qex> is not of inheritance.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<hw>Shrieve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. from
OE. <ets>shereve</ets>. See <er>Sheriff</er>.]</ety> <def>A
sheriff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shrieve</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shrive; to
question.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdShe gan him soft to
<xex>shrieve</xex>.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Shrift</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shrift</ets>, <ets>schrift</ets>, AS. <ets>scrift</ets>, fr.
<ets>scr\'c6fan</ets> to shrive. See <er>Shrive</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of shriving.</def>
<q>In <qex>shrift</qex> and preaching is my diligence.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Confession made to a priest, and the absolution
consequent upon it.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Have you got leave to go to <qex>shrift</qex> to-day?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Therefore, my lord, address you to your <qex>shrift</qex>,
And be yourself; for you must die this instant.</q>
<qau>Rowe.</qau>
<cs><col>Shrift father</col>, <cd>a priest to whom confession is
made.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shright</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp. &
p. p.</pos> of <er>Shriek</er>.</def>
<q>She cried alway and <qex>shright</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Shright</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Shriek</er>.]</ety>
<def>A shriek; shrieking.</def> <mark>[Obs]</mark>
<au>Spenser</au>. \'bdAll hoarse for <xex>shright</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Shrike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to Icel.
<ets>skr\'c6kja</ets> a shrieker, the shrike, and E.
<ets>shriek</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>scr\'c6c</ets> a thrush. See
<er>Shriek</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of oscinine birds of the family
<spn>Laniid\'91</spn>, having a strong hooked bill, toothed at
the tip. Most shrikes are insectivorous, but the common European
gray shrike (<spn>Lanius excubitor</spn>), the great northern
shrike (<spn>L. borealis</spn>), and several others, kill mice,
small birds, etc., and often impale them on thorns, and are, on
that account called also <altname>butcher birds</altname>. See
under <er>Butcher</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ The ant shrikes, or bush shrikes, are clamatorial
birds of the family <spn>Formicarid\'91</spn>. The cuckoo shrikes
of the East Indies and Australia are Oscines of the family
<spn>Campephagid\'91</spn>. The drongo shrikes of the same
regions belong to the related family <spn>Dicrurid\'91</spn>. See
<er>Drongo</er>.</note>
<cs><col>Crow shrike</col>. <cd>See under <er>Crow</er>.</cd> --
<col>Shrike thrush</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any one of several
species of Asiatic timaline birds of the genera
<spn>Thamnocataphus</spn>, <spn>Gampsorhynchus</spn>, and
allies</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any one of several species of
shrikelike Australian singing birds of the genus
<spn>Colluricincla</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Shrike tit</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any one of several Australian birds of the genus
<spn>Falcunculus</spn>, having a strong toothed bill and sharp
claws. They creep over the bark of trees, like titmice, in search
of insects.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any one of several species of
small Asiatic birds belonging to <spn>Allotrius</spn>,
<spn>Pteruthius</spn>, <spn>Cutia</spn>, <spn>Leioptila</spn>,
and allied genera, related to the true tits. Called also
<altname>hill tit</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Swallow shrike</col>.
<cd>See under <er>Swallow</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shrill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Shriller</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Shrillest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shril</ets>, <ets>schril</ets>; akin to LG.
<ets>schrell</ets>, G. <ets>schrill</ets>. See
<er>Shrill</er>,<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Acute; sharp;
piercing; having or emitting a sharp, piercing tone or sound; --
said a sound, or of that which produces a sound.</def>
<q>Hear the <qex>shrill</qex> whistle which doth order give
To sounds confused.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Let winds be <qex>shrill</qex>, let waves roll high.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<hw>Shrill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shrill sound.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Shrill</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shrilled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shrilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schrillen</ets>, akin to G. <ets>schrillen</ets>; cf. AS.
<ets>scralletan</ets> to resound loudly, Icel.
<ets>skr\'94lta</ets> to jolt, Sw. <ets>skr\'84lla</ets> to
shrill, Norw. <ets>skryla</ets>, <ets>skr<?/la</ets>. Cf.
<er>Skirl</er>.]</ety> <def>To utter an acute, piercing sound; to
sound with a sharp, shrill tone; to become shrill.</def>
<q>Break we our pipes, that <qex>shrilled</qex>loud as lark.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>No sounds were heard but of the <qex>shrilling</qex> cock.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<q>His voice <qex>shrilled</qex> with passion.</q>
<qau>L. Wallace.</qau>
<hw>Shrill</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter or express in a
shrill tone; to cause to make a shrill sound.</def>
<q>How poor Andromache <qex>shrills</qex> her dolors forth.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Shrill"-gorged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
a throat which produces a shrill note.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shrill"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being shrill.</def>
<hw>Shrill"-tongued`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
a shrill voice.</def> \'bdWhen <xex>shrill-tongued</xex> Fulvia
scolds.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shril"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a shrill manner;
acutely; with a sharp sound or voice.</def>
<hw>Shril"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat shrill.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<q>Some kept up a <qex>shrilly</qex> mellow sound.</q>
<qau>Keats.</qau>
<hw>Shrimp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>scrimman</ets> to dry up, wither, MHG. <ets>schrimpfen</ets>
to shrink, G. <ets>schrumpfen</ets>, Dan. <ets>skrumpe</ets>,
<ets>skrumpes</ets>, Da. & Sw. <ets>skrumpen</ets> shriveled. Cf.
<er>Scrimp</er>, <er>Shrink</er>, <er>Shrivel</er>.]</ety>
<def>To contract; to shrink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shrimp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>shrimp</ets>; --
probably so named from its shriveled appearance. See
<er>Shrimp</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of numerous
species of macruran Crustacea belonging to <spn>Crangon</spn> and
various allied genera, having a slender body and long legs. Many
of them are used as food. The larger kinds are called also
<stype>prawns</stype>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Decapoda</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a more general
sense, any species of the macruran tribe <spn>Caridea</spn>, or
any species of the order Schizopoda, having a similar form.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>In a loose sense, any small crustacean,
including some amphipods and even certain entomostracans; <as>as,
the fairy <ex>shrimp</ex>, and brine <ex>shrimp</ex></as>. See
under <er>Fairy</er>, and <er>Brine</er>.</def>
<-- p. 1335 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively, a little wrinkled man; a dwarf; --
in contempt.</def>
<q>This weak and writhled <qex>shrimp</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>Opossum shrimp</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
under <er>Opossum</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Spector shrimp</col>,
<or/ <col>Skeleton shrimp</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>any slender amphipod crustacean of the genus
<spn>Caprella</spn> and allied genera. See <xex>Illust<xex>.
under <er>L\'91modopoda</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shrimp catcher</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the little tern (<spn>Sterna
minuta</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Shrimp net</col>, <cd>a dredge net
fixed upon a pole, or a sweep net dragged over the fishing
ground.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shrimp"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
fishes for shrimps.</def>
<hw>Shrine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>schrin</ets>, AS. <ets>scr\'c6n</ets>, from L.
<ets>scrinium</ets> a case, chest, box.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
case, box, or receptacle, especially one in which are deposited
sacred relics, as the bones of a saint.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any sacred place, as an altar, tromb, or the
like.</def>
<q>Too weak the sacred <qex>shrine</qex> guard.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place or object hallowed from its history or
associations; <as>as, a <ex>shrine</ex> of art</as>.</def>
<hw>Shrine</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enshrine; to place
reverently, as in a shrine.</def> \'bd<xex>Shrined</xex> in his
sanctuary.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Shrink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Shrank</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or
<er>Shrunk</er> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Shrunk</er> or
<er>Shrunken</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, but the latter is now seldom
used except as a participial adjective; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shrinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shrinken</ets>, <ets>schrinken</ets>, AS.
<ets>scrincan</ets>; akin to OD. <ets>schrincken</ets>, and
probably to Sw. <ets>skrynka</ets> a wrinkle, <ets>skrynkla</ets>
to wrinkle, to rumple, and E. <ets>shrimp</ets>, n. & v.,
<ets>scrimp</ets>. CF. <er>Shrimp</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To wrinkle, bend, or curl; to shrivel; hence, to contract
into a less extent or compass; to gather together; to become
compacted.</def>
<q>And on a broken reed he still did stay
His feeble steps, which <qex>shrunk</qex> when hard thereon he
lay.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>I have not found that water, by mixture of ashes, will
<qex>shrink</qex> or draw into less room.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>Against this fire do I <qex>shrink</qex> up.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>And <qex>shrink</qex> like parchment in consuming fire.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>All the boards did <qex>shrink</qex>.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To withdraw or retire, as from danger; to
decline action from fear; to recoil, as in fear, horror, or
distress.</def>
<q>What happier natures <qex>shrink</qex> at with affright,
The hard inhabitant contends is right.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>They assisted us against the Thebans when you
<qex>shrank</qex> from the task.</q>
<qau>Jowett (Thucyd.)</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To express fear, horror, or pain by contracting
the body, or part of it; to shudder; to quake.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shrink</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
contract or shrink; <as>as, to <ex>shrink</ex> finnel by imersing
it in boiling water</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw back; to withdraw.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The Libyc Hammon <qex>shrinks</qex> his horn.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<cs><col>To shrink on</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>to fix (one
piece or part) firmly around (another) by natural contraction in
cooling, as a tire on a wheel, or a hoop upon a cannon, which is
made slightly smaller than the part it is to fit, and expanded by
heat till it can be slipped into place.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shrink</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act shrinking; shrinkage;
contraction; also, recoil; withdrawal.</def>
<q>Yet almost wish, with sudden <qex>shrink</qex>,
That I had less to praise.</q>
<qau>Leigh Hunt.</qau>
<hw>Shrink"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of shrinking; a contraction into less bulk or
measurement.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The amount of such contraction; the bulk or
dimension lost by shrinking, as of grain, castings, etc.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Decrease in value; depreciation.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Shrink"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
shrinks; one who withdraws from danger.</def>
<hw>Shrink"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Shrink</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Shrinking head</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>a body
of molten metal connected with a mold for the purpose of
supplying metal to compensate for the shrinkage of the casting;
-- called also <altname>sinking head</altname>, and
<altname>riser</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shrink"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a shrinking
manner.</def>
<hw>Shriv"al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Shrievalty.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>Shrive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Shrived</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or
<er>Shrove</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Shriven</er>
<pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Shrived</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shriving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>shriven</ets>,
<ets>schriven</ets>, AS. <ets>scr\'c6van</ets> to shrive, to
impose penance or punishment; akin to OFries.
<ets>skr\'c6va</ets> to impose punishment; cf. OS.
bi<ets>skr\'c6ban</ets> to be troubled. Cf. <er>Shrift</er>,
<er>Shrovetide</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hear or receive
the confession of; to administer confession and absolution to; --
said of a priest as the agent.</def>
<q>That they should <qex>shrive</qex> their parishioners.</q>
<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>
<q>Doubtless he <qex>shrives</qex> this woman, . . .
Else ne'er could he so long protract his speech.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Till my guilty soul be <qex>shriven</qex>.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To confess, and receive absolution; -- used
reflexively.</def>
<q>Get you to the church and <qex>shrive</qex> yourself.</q>
<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>
<hw>Shrive</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To receive confessions, as
a priest; to administer confession and absolution.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Shriv"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shriveled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Shrivelled</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shriveling</er> or <er>Shrivelling</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Probably akin to <ets>shrimp</ets>, <ets>shrink</ets>; cf.
dial. AS. <ets>screpa</ets> to pine away, Norw. <ets>skrypa</ets>
to waste, <ets>skryp</ets>, <ets>skryv</ets>, transitory, frail,
Sw. <ets>skr\'94pling</ets> feeble, Dan. <ets>skr\'94belig</ets>,
Icel. <ets>skrj<?/pr</ets> brittle, frail.]</ety> <def>To draw,
or be drawn, into wrinkles; to shrink, and form corrugations;
<as>as, a leaf <ex>shriveles</ex> in the hot sun; the skin
<ex>shrivels</ex> with age</as>; -- often with
<xex>up</xex>.</def>
<hw>Shriv"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to
shrivel or contract; to cause to shrink onto corruptions.</def>
<hw>Shriv"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Shrive</er>.</def>
<hw>Shriv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
shrives; a confessor.</def>
<hw>Shriv"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Shrift; confession.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Shroff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>sarr\'bef</ets>.]</ety> <def>A banker, or changer of
money.</def> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>
<hw>Shroff"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
examination of coins, and the separation of the good from the
debased.</def> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>
<hw>Shrood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Shroud</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>shroud</asp>,
and <asp>shrowd</asp>.]</altsp> <def>To trim; to lop.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shroud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shroud</ets>, <ets>shrud</ets>, <ets>schrud</ets>, AS.
<ets>scr<?/d</ets> a garment, clothing; akin to Icel.
<ets>skru<?/</ets> the shrouds of a ship, furniture of a church,
a kind of stuff, Sw. <ets>skrud</ets> dress, attire, and E.
<ets>shred</ets>. See <er>Shred</er>, and cf.
<er>Shrood</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which clothes,
covers, conceals, or protects; a garment.</def>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<q>Swaddled, as new born, in sable <qex>shrouds</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, the dress for the dead; a winding
sheet.</def> \'bdA dead man in his <xex>shroud</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which covers or shelters like a
shroud.</def>
<q>Jura answers through her misty <qex>shroud</qex>.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A covered place used as a retreat or shelter, as
a cave or den; also, a vault or crypt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>shroud</qex> to which he won
His fair-eyed oxen.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<q>A vault, or <qex>shroud</qex>, as under a church.</q>
<qau>Withals.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The branching top of a tree; foliage.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The Assyrian wad a cedar in Lebanon, with fair branches and
with a shadowing <qex>shroad</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ezek. xxxi. 3.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A set of
ropes serving as stays to support the masts. The lower shrouds
are secured to the sides of vessels by heavy iron bolts and are
passed around the head of the lower masts.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>One of the two annular plates
at the periphery of a water wheel, which form the sides of the
buckets; a shroud plate.</def>
<cs><col>Bowsprit shrouds</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>ropes
extending from the head of the bowsprit to the sides of the
vessel.</cd> -- <col>Futtock shrouds</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>iron rods connecting the topmast rigging with the lower
rigging, passing over the edge of the top.</cd> -- <col>Shroud
plate</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>An iron plate
extending from the dead-eyes to the ship's side</cd>. <au>Ham.
Nav. Encyc.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>A shroud.
See def. 7, above.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shroud</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shrouded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shrouding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>scr<?/dan</ets>. See <er>Shroud</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with a shroud; especially, to inclose
in a winding sheet; to dress for the grave.</def>
<q>The ancient Egyptian mummies were <qex>shrouded</qex> in a
number of folds of linen besmeared with gums.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover, as with a shroud; to protect
completely; to cover so as to conceal; to hide; to veil.</def>
<q>One of these trees, with all his young ones, may
<qex>shroud</qex> four hundred horsemen.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<q>Some tempest rise,
And blow out all the stars that light the skies,
To <qex>shroud</qex> my shame.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Shroud</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take shelter or
harbor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>If your stray attendance be yet lodged,
Or <qex>shroud</qex> within these limits.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Shroud</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To lop. See
<er>Shrood</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shroud"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Provided with a shroud or
shrouds.</def>
<cs><col>Shrouded gear</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a cogwheel
or pinion having flanges which form closed ends to the spaces
between the teeth and thus strengthen the teeth by tying them
together.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shroud"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The shrouds. See
<er>Shroud</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 7.</def>
<hw>Shroud"-laid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Composed
of four strands, and laid right-handed with a heart, or center;
-- said of rope. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Cordage</er>.</def>
<hw>Shroud"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a shroud.</def>
<hw>Shroud"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affording
shelter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Shrove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Shrive</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Shrove Sunday</col>, <cd>Quinguagesima Sunday.</cd> --
<col>Shrove Tuesday</col>, <cd>the Tuesday following
Quinguagesima Sunday, and preceding the first day of Lent, or Ash
Wednesday.</cd> <note>It was formerly customary in England, on
this day, for the people to confess their sins to their parish
priests, after which they dined on pancakes, or fritters, and the
occasion became one of merriment. The bell rung on this day is
popularly called <xex>Pancake Bell<xex>, and the day itself
<xex>Pancake Tuesday<xex>. <au>P. Cyc.</au></note></cs>
<hw>Shrove</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To join in the festivities
of Shrovetide; hence, to make merry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>J. Fletcher.</au>
<hw>Shrove"tide`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<ets>shrive</ets> to take a confession (OE. imp.
<ets>shrof</ets>, AS. <ets>scr\'bef</ets>) +
<ets>tide</ets>.]</ety> <def>The days immediately preceding Ash
Widnesday, especially the period between the evening before
Quinguagesima Sunday and the morning of Ash Wednesday.</def>
<hw>Shrov"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The festivity of
Shrovetide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Shrow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shrew.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shrowd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shrood</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shrub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>shirb</ets>, <ets>shurb</ets>, a drink, beverage, fr.
<ets>shariba</ets> to drink. Cf. <er>Sirup</er>,
<er>Sherbet</er>.]</ety> <def>A liquor composed of vegetable
acid, especially lemon juice, and sugar, with spirit to preserve
it.</def>
<hw>Shrub</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>schrob</ets>, AS.
<ets>scrob</ets>, <ets>scrobb</ets>; akin to Norw.
<ets>skrubba</ets> the dwarf cornel tree.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A woody plant of less size than a tree,
and usually with several stems from the same root.</def>
<hw>Shrub</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To lop; to prune.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Anderson (1573).</au>
<hw>Shrub"ber*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Shrubberies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
collection of shrubs.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place where shrubs are planted.</def>
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<hw>Shrub"bi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality
of being shrubby.</def>
<hw>Shrub"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Shrubbier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Shrubbiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Full of shrubs.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of the nature of a shrub; resembling a
shrub.</def> \'bd<xex>Shrubby</xex> browse.\'b8
<au>J. Philips.</au>
<hw>Shrub"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>having no shrubs.</def>
<au>Byron.</au>
<hw>Shruff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scruff</er>, <er>Scurf</er>.]</ety> <def>Rubbish.
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> Dross or refuse of metals.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> Light, dry wood, or stuff used
for fuel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shrug</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shrugged</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Shrugging</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably akin to
<ets>shrink</ets>, p. p. <ets>shrunk</ets>; cf. Dan.
<ets>skrugge</ets>, <ets>skrukke</ets>, to stoop, dial. Sw.
<ets>skrukka</ets>, <ets>skruga</ets>, to crouch.]</ety> <def>To
draw up or contract (the shoulders), especially by way of
expressing dislike, dread, doubt, or the like.</def>
<q>He <qex>shrugs</qex> his shoulders when you talk of
securities.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Shrug</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To raise or draw up the
shoulders, as in expressing dislike, dread, doubt, or the
like.</def>
<q>They grin, they <qex>shrug</qex>.
They bow, they snarl, they snatch, they hug.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Shrug</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A drawing up of the shoulders,
-- a motion usually expressing dislike, dread, or doubt.</def>
<q>The Spaniards talk in dialogues
Of heads and shoulders, nods and <qex>shrugs</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hudibras.</qau>
<hw>Shrunk"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <def>from
<er>Shrink</er>.</def>
<hw>Shuck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shock of
grain.</def> <mark>[Prev.Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shuck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps akin to G.
<ets>shote</ets> a husk, pod, shell.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
shell, husk, or pod; especially, the outer covering of such nuts
as the hickory nut, butternut, peanut, and chestnut.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The shell of an oyster or clam.</def> <mark>[U.
S.]</mark>
<hw>Shuck</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shucked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Shucking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deprive of the
shucks or husks; <as>as, to <ex>shuck</ex> walnuts, Indian corn,
oysters, etc.</as></def>
<hw>Shuck"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who shucks
oysters or clams</def>
<hw>Shud"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shuddered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shuddering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>shoderen</ets>,
<ets>schuderen</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>schuddern</ets>, D.
<ets>schudden</ets> to shake, OS. <ets>skuddian</ets>, G.
<ets>schaudern</ets> to shudder, <ets>sch\'81tteln</ets> to
shake, <ets>sch\'81tten</ets> to pour, to shed, OHG.
<ets>scutten</ets>, <ets>scuten</ets>, to shake.]</ety> <def>To
tremble or shake with fear, horrer, or aversion; to shiver with
cold; to quake.</def> \'bdWith <xex>shuddering</xex> horror
pale.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>The <qex>shuddering</qex> tennant of the frigid zone.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<hw>Shud"der</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of shuddering, as
with fear.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Shud"der*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a shuddering
manner.</def>
<hw>Shude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The husks and
other refuse of rice mills, used to adulterate oil cake, or
linseed cake.</def>
<hw>Shuf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shuffled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Shuffling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Originally the same word as
<ets>scuffle</ets>, and properly a freq. of <ets>shove</ets>. See
<er>Shove</er>, and <er>Scuffle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
shove one way and the other; to push from one to another; <as>as,
to <ex>shuffle</ex> money from hand to hand</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mix by pushing or shoving; to confuse; to
throw into disorder; especially, to change the relative positions
of, as of the cards in a pack.</def>
<q>A man may <qex>shuffle</qex> cards or rattle dice from noon to
midnight without tracing a new idea in his mind.</q>
<qau>Rombler.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To remove or introduce by artificial
confusion.</def>
<q>It was contrived by your enemies, and <qex>shuffled</qex> into
the papers that were seizen.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<cs><col>To shuffe off</col>, <cd>to push off; to rid one's self
of.</cd> -- <col>To shuffe up</col>, <cd>to throw together in
hastel to make up or form in confusion or with fraudulent
disorder; as, he <xex>shuffled up<xex> a peace.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shuf"fle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To change
the relative position of cards in a pack; <as>as, to
<ex>shuffle</ex> and cut</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To change one's position; to shift ground; to
evade questions; to resort to equivocation; to prevaricate.</def>
<q>I muself, . . . hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to
<qex>shuffle</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To use arts or expedients; to make shift.</def>
<q>Your life, good master,
Must <qex>shuffle</qex> for itself.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To move in a slovenly, dragging manner; to drag
or scrape the feet in walking or dancing.</def>
<q>The aged creature came
<qex>Shuffling</qex> along with ivory-headed wand.</q>
<qau>Keats.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To equivicate; prevaricate; quibble; cavil; shift;
siphisticate; juggle.</syn>
<hw>Shuf"fle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
shuffling; a mixing confusedly; a slovenly, dragging
motion.</def>
<q>The unguided agitation and rude <qex>shuffles</qex> of
matter.</q>
<qau>Bentley.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trick; an artifice; an evasion.</def>
<q>The gifts of nature are beyond all shame and
<qex>shuffles</qex>.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<hw>Shuf"fle*board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shovelboard</er>.</def>
<hw>Shuf"fle*cap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>,.A play performed by
shaking money in a hat or cap.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Shuf"fler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who shuffles.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Either one of the three
common American scaup ducks. See <xex>Scaup duck</xex>, under
<er>Scaup</er>.</def>
<hw>Shuf"fle*wing`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hedg sparrow.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Shuf"fling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Moving with a dragging, scraping step.</def> \'bdA
<xex>shuffling</xex> nag.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Evasive; <as>as, a <ex>shuffling</ex>
excuse</as>.</def>
<au>T. Burnet.</au>
<hw>Shuf"fling</hw>, <pos>v.</pos> <def>In a shuffling
manner.</def>
<hw>Shug</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Shrug</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To writhe the body so as
to produce friction against one's clothes, as do those who have
the itch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to crawl; to sneak.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>There I 'll <qex>shug</qex> in and get a noble
countenance.</q>
<qau>Ford.</qau>
<hw>Shu"mac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Sumac.</def>
<hw>Shun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shunned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shunning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>shunien</ets>,
<ets>schunien</ets>, <ets>schonien</ets>, AS. <ets>scunian</ets>,
<ets>sceonian</ets>; cf. D. <ets>schuinen</ets> to slepe,
<ets>schuin</ets> oblique, sloping, Icel. <ets>skunda</ets>,
<ets>skynda</ets>, to hasten. Cf. <er>Schooner</er>,
<er>Scoundrel</er>, <er>Shunt</er>.]</ety> <def>To avoid; to keep
clear of; to get out of the way of; to escape from; to eschew;
<as>as, to <ex>shun</ex> rocks, shoals, vice</as>.</def>
<q>I am pure from the blood of all men. For I have not shunned to
declare unto you all the counsel of God.</q>
<qau>Acts xx. 26,27.</qau>
<q>Scarcity and want shall <qex>shun</qex> you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Avoid</er>.</syn>
<hw>Shun"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not to be shunned;
inevitable; unavoidable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Shunless</xex> destiny.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<-- p. 1336 -->
<hw>Shunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shunted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Shunting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prov. E., to
move from, to put off, fr. OE. <ets>shunten</ets>,
<ets>schunten</ets>, <ets>schounten</ets>; cf. D.
<ets>schuinte</ets> a slant, slope, Icel. <ets>skunda</ets> to
hasten. Cf. <er>Shun</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shun; to
move from.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to move suddenly; to give a sudden
start to; to shove.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.Eng.]</mark>
<au>Ash.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To turn off to one side; especially, to turn
off, as a grain or a car upon a side track; to switch off; to
shift.</def>
<q>For <qex>shunting</qex> your late partner on to me.</q>
<qau>T. Hughes.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>To provide with a shunt;
<as>as, to <ex>shunt</ex> a galvanometer</as>.</def>
<hw>Shunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To go aside;
to turn off.</def>
<hw>Shunt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>schuinte</ets>
slant, slope, declivity. See <er>Shunt</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A turning
off to a side or short track, that the principal track may be
left free.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A conducting circuit joining
two points in a conductor, or the terminals of a galvanometer or
dynamo, so as to form a parallel or derived circuit through which
a portion of the current may pass, for the purpose of regulating
the amount passing in the main circuit.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld> <def>The shifting of the studs
on a projectile from the deep to the shallow sides of the grooves
in its discharge from a shunt gun.</def>
<cs><col>Shunt dynamo</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a dynamo in
which the field circuit is connected with the main circuit so as
to form a shunt to the letter, thus employing a portion of the
current from the armature to maintain the field.</cd> --
<col>Shunt gun</col>, <cd>a firearm having shunt rifling. See
under <er>Rifling</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shunt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A person employed to shunt cars from
one track to another.</def>
<hw>Shut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Shut</er>; <pos>p. pr. &
vb. n.</pos> <er>Shutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>shutten</ets>, <ets>schutten</ets>, <ets>shetten</ets>,
<ets>schitten</ets>, AS. <ets>scyttan</ets> to shut or lock up
(akin to D. <ets>schutten</ets>, G. <ets>sch\'81tzen</ets> to
protect), properly, to fasten with a bolt or bar <ets>shot</ets>
across, fr. AS. <ets>sce\'a2tan</ets> to shoot. <root/159. See
<er>Shoot</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To close so as to hinder
ingress or egress; <as>as, to <ex>shut</ex> a door or a gate; to
<ex>shut</ex> one's eyes or mouth.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To forbid entrance into; to prohibit; to bar;
<as>as, to <ex>shut</ex> the ports of a country by a
blockade</as>.</def>
<q>Shall that be <qex>shut</qex> to man which to the beast
Is open?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To preclude; to exclude; to bar out.</def>
\'bd<xex>Shut</xex> from every shore.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fold together; to close over, as the fingers;
to close by bringing the parts together; <as>as, to <ex>shut</ex>
the hand; to <ex>shut</ex> a book.</as></def>
<cs><col>To shut in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To inclose; to
confine</cd>. \'bdThe Lord <xex>shut<xex> him <xex>in<xex>.\'b8
<au>Cen. vii. 16</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cover or intercept the
view of; as, one point <xex>shuts in<xex> another.</cd> --
<col>To shut off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To exclude</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To prevent the passage of, as steam through a
pipe, or water through a flume, by closing a cock, valve, or
gate.</cd> -- <col>To shut out</col>, <cd>to preclude from
entering; to deny admission to; to exclude; <as>as, <ex>to shut
out<ex> rain by a tight roof</as>.</cd> -- <col>To shut
together</col>, <cd>to unite; to close, especially to close by
welding.</cd> -- <col>To shut up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To
close; to make fast the entrances into; as, <xex>to shut up<xex>
a house</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To obstruct</cd>. \'bdDangerous
rocks <xex>shut up<xex> the passage.\'b8 <au>Sir W. Raleigh</au>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To inclose; to confine; to imprison; to fasten
in; <as>as, <ex>to shut up<ex> a prisoner</as>.</cd>
<q>Before faith came, we were kept under the law, <qex>shut
up</qex> unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed.</q>
<qau>Gal. iii. 23.</qau>
<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To end; to terminate; to conclude</cd>.
<q>When the scene of life is <qex>shut up</qex>, the slave will
be above his master if he has acted better.</q>
<qau>Collier.</qau>
<sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To unite, as two pieces of metal by
welding.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To cause to become silent by
authority, argument, or force</cd>.
</cs>
<hw>Shut</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To close itself; to become
closed; <as>as, the door <ex>shuts</ex>; it <ex>shuts</ex>
hard.</as></def>
<cs><col>To shut up</col>, <cd>to cease speaking.
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>
<au>T. Hughes.</au>
<hw>Shut</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Closed or fastened;
<as>as, a <ex>shut</ex> door</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rid; clear; free; <as>as, to get <ex>shut</ex>
of a person</as>.</def> <mark>[Now dialectical or local, Eng. &
U.S.]</mark>
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formed by
complete closure of the mouth passage, and with the nose passage
remaining closed; stopped, as are the mute consonants,
<it>p</it>, <it>t</it>, <it>k</it>, <it>b</it>, <it>d</it>, and
hard <it>g</it></def>. <au>H. Sweet</au>. <sd>(b)</fld> <def>Cut
off sharply and abruptly by a following consonant in the same
syllable, as the English short vowels, <acr/, <ecr/, <icr/,
<ocr/, <urcr/, always are.</def>
<hw>Shut</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or time of shutting;
close; <as>as, the <ex>shut</ex> of a door</as>.</def>
<q>Just then returned at <qex>shut</qex> of evening flowers.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A door or cover; a shutter.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir I. Newton.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The line or place where two pieces of metal are
united by welding.</def>
<cs><col>Cold shut</col>, <cd>the imperfection in a casting
caused by the flowing of liquid metal upon partially chilled
metal; also, the imperfect weld in a forging caused by the
inadequate heat of one surface under working.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Chute</er>, or <er>Shoot</er>.</def>
<hw>Shut"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who shuts or closes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A movable cover or screen for a window, designed
to shut out the light, to obstruct the view, or to be of some
strength as a defense; a blind.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A removable cover, or a gate, for closing an
aperture of any kind, as for closing the passageway for molten
iron from a ladle.</def>
<hw>Shut"tered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished
with shutters.</def>
<hw>Shut"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Also
<ets>shittle</ets>, OE. <ets>schitel</ets>, <ets>scytyl</ets>,
<ets>schetyl</ets>; cf. OE. <ets>schitel</ets> a bolt of a door,
AS. <ets>scyttes</ets>; all from AS. <ets>sce\'a2tan</ets> to
shoot; akin to Dan. <ets>skyttel</ets>, <ets>skytte</ets>,
shuttle, dial. Sw. <ets>skyttel</ets>, <ets>sk\'94ttel</ets>.
<root/159. See <er>Shoot</er>, and cf. <er>Shittle</er>,
<er>Skittles</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument used in
weaving for passing or shooting the thread of the woof from one
side of the cloth to the other between the threads of the
warp.</def>
<q>Like <qex>shuttles</qex> through the loom, so swiftly glide
My feathered hours.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sliding thread holder in a sewing machine,
which carries the lower thread through a loop of the upper
thread, to make a lock stitch.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A shutter, as for a channel for molten
metal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<cs><col>Shuttle box</col> <fld>(Weaving)</fld>, <cd>a case at
the end of a shuttle race, to receive the shuttle after it has
passed the thread of the warp; also, one of a set of compartments
containing shuttles with different colored threads, which are
passed back and forth in a certain order, according to the
pattern of the cloth woven.</cd> -- <col>Shutten race</col>,
<cd>a sort of shelf in a loom, beneath the warp, along which the
shuttle passes; a channel or guide along which the shuttle passes
in a sewing machine.</cd> -- <col>Shuttle shell</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of marine
gastropods of the genus <spn>Volva</spn>, or <spn>Radius</spn>,
having a smooth, spindle-shaped shell prolonged into a channel at
each end.</cd></cs>
<hw>Shut"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To move
backwards and forwards, like a shuttle.</def>
<q>I had to fly far and wide, <qex>shutting</qex> athwart the big
Babel, wherever his calls and pauses had to be.</q>
<qau>Carlyle.</qau>
<hw>Shut"tle*cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cork
stuck with feathers, which is to be struck by a battledoor in
play; also, the play itself.</def>
<hw>Shut"tle*cock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To send or toss to
and fro; to bandy; <as>as, to <ex>shuttlecock</ex>
words</as>.</def>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Shut"tle*cork`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shuttlecock</er>.</def>
<hw>Shut"tle*wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Back
and forth, like the movement of a shuttle.</def>
<hw>Shwan"-pan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Schwan-pan</er>.</def>
<hw>Shy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Shier</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or
<er>Shyer</er>; <pos>superl.</pos> <er>Shiest</er> or
<er>Shyest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>schey</ets>,
<ets>skey</ets>, <ets>sceouh</ets>, AS. <ets>sce\'a2h</ets>; akin
to Dan. <ets>sky</ets>, Sw. <ets>skygg</ets>, D.
<ets>schuw</ets>, MHG. <ets>schiech</ets>, G. <ets>scheu</ets>,
OHG. <ets>sciuhen</ets> to be or make timid. Cf.
<er>Eschew</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Easily frightened;
timid; <as>as, a <ex>shy</ex> bird</as>.</def>
<q>The horses of the army . . . were no longer <qex>shy</qex>,
but would come up to my very feet without starting.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reserved; coy; disinclined to familiar
approach.</def>
<q>What makes you so <qex>shy</qex>, my good friend? There's
nobody loves you better than I.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<q>The embarrassed look of <qex>shy</qex> distress
And maidenly shamefacedness.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Cautious; wary; suspicious.</def>
<q>I am very <qex>shy</qex> of using corrosive liquors in the
preparation of medicines.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<q>Princes are, by wisdom of state, somewhat <qex>shy</qex> of
thier successors.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>
<cs><col>To fight shy</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fight</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos></cd></cs>
<hw>Shy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Shied</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Shying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Shy</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To start suddenly aside through fright
or suspicion; -- said especially of horses.</def>
<hw>Shy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To throw sidewise with a
jerk; to fling; <as>as, to <ex>shy</ex> a stone; to <ex>shy</ex>
a slipper</as>.</def>
<au>T. Hughes.</au>
<hw>Shy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden start
aside, as by a horse.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A side throw; a throw; a fling.</def>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<q>If Lord Brougham gets a stone in his hand, he must, it seems,
have a <qex>shy</qex> at somebody.</q>
<qau>Punch.</qau>
<hw>Shy"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a shy or timid manner;
not familiarly; with reserve.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>shily</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Shy"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being shy.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>shiness</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>Frequency in heavenly contemplation is particularly important
to prevent a <qex>shyness</qex> bewtween God and thy soul.</q>
<qau>Baxter.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Bashfulness; reserve; coyness; timidity; diffidence.
See <er>Bashfulness</er>.</syn>
<hw>Shy"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. from G.
<ets>scheisse</ets> excrement.]</ety> <def>A trickish knave; one
who carries on any business, especially legal business, in a mean
and dishonest way.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Si</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<def>A syllable applied, in solmization, to the note B; more
recently, to the seventh tone of any major diatonic scale. It was
added to Guido's scale by Le Maire about the end of the 17th
century.</def><-- now called ti -->
<hw>\'d8Si*a"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ahu, or jairou.</def>
<hw>Si*al"o*gogue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>si`alon</grk> saliva + <?/<?/<?/<?/ leading, from <?/<?/<?/
to lead: cf. F. <ets>sialagogue</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>An agent which promotes the flow of saliva.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si"a*mang`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay
<ets>si\'bemang</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A gibbon
(<spn>Hylobates syndactylus</spn>), native of Sumatra. It has the
second and third toes partially united by a web.</def>
<hw>Si`a*mese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Siam, its native people, or their language.</def>
<hw>Si`a*mese`</hw>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
native or inhabitant of Siam; <pluf>pl.</pluf>, the people of
Siam.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <singf>sing.</singf> <def>The language of the
Siamese.</def>
<hw>Sib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sibb</ets> alliance, <ets>gesib</ets> a relative. <root/289.
See <er>Gossip</er>.]</ety> <def>A blood relation.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Nash.</au>
<hw>Sib</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Related by blood; akin.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<q>Your kindred is but . . . little <qex>sib</qex> to you.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>[He] is no fairy birn, ne <qex>sib</qex> at all
To elfs, but sprung of seed terrestrial.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Sib"bens</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A contagious disease,
endemic in Scotland, resembling the yaws. It is marked by
ulceration of the throat and nose and by pustules and soft
fungous excrescences upon the surface of the body. In the Orkneys
the name is applied to the itch.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sivvens</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Si*be"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<ets>Siberia</ets>, Russ. <ets>Sibire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to Siberia, a region comprising all northern Asia and
belonging to Russia; <as>as, a <ex>Siberian</ex>
winter</as>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or
inhabitant of Siberia.</def></def2>
<cs><col>Siberian crab</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the Siberian
crab apple. See <cref>Crab apple</cref>, under
<er>Crab</er>.</cd> -- <col>Siberian dog</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a large breed of dogs having
erect ears and the hair of the body and tail very long. It is
distinguished for endurance of fatigue when used for the purpose
of draught.</cd> -- <col>Siberian pea tree</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small leguminous tree (<spn>Cragana
arborescens</spn>) with yellow flowers. It is a native of
Siberia.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sib"i*lance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sib"i*lan*cy</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being sibilant; sibilation.</def>
<q>Milton would not have avoided them for their
<qex>sibilancy</qex>, he who wrote . . . verses that hiss like
Medusa's head in wrath.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<hw>Sib"i*lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sibilans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>sibilare</ets> to hiss: cf. F. <ets>sibilant</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Making a hissing sound; uttered with a hissing sound;
hissing; <as>as, <it>s</it>, <it>z</it>, <it>sh</it>, and
<it>zh</it>, are <ex>sibilant</ex> elementary sounds</as>.</def>
-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A sibiliant letter.</def></def2>
<hw>Sib"i*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
pronounce with a hissing sound, like that of the letter
<it>s</it>; to mark with a character indicating such
pronunciation.</def>
<hw>Sib`i*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sibilatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Utterance with a hissing sound;
also, the sound itself; a hiss.</def>
<q>He, with a long, low <qex>sibilation</qex>, stared.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Sib"i*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hissing;
sibilant.</def>
<hw>Sib"i*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sibilus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a hissing sound; hissing;
sibilant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Pennant.</au>
<hw>Sib"yl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sibylla</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Class. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A woman supposed to be endowed
with a spirit of prophecy.</def>
<note><hand/ The number of the sibyls is variously stated by
different authors; but the opinion of Varro, that there were ten,
is generally adopted. They dwelt in various parts of Persia,
Greece, and Italy.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A female fortune teller; a pythoness; a
prophetess.</def> \'bdAn old highland <xex>sibyl</xex>.\'b8
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Sib"yl*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who believes in a
sibyl or the sibylline prophecies.</def>
<au>Cudworth.</au>
<hw>Sib"yl*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sibyllinus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the sibyls;
uttered, written, or composed by sibyls; like the productions of
sibyls.</def>
<cs><col>Sibylline books</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Rom.
Antiq.)</fld> <cd>Books or documents of prophecies in verse
concerning the fate of the Roman empire, said to have been
purchased by Tarquin the Proud from a sibyl.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>Certain Jewish and early Christian writings purporting to
have been prophetic and of sibylline origin. They date from 100
<sc>b. c.</sc> to <sc>a. d.</sc> 500.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Such.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>Thus.</def>
<note><hand/ This word is sometimes inserted in a quotation
[<it>sic</it>], to call attention to the fact that some
remarkable or inaccurate expression, misspelling, or the like, is
literally reproduced.</note>
<hw>Sic"a*more</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Sycamore</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sic"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>sikka</ets>.]</ety> <def>A seal; a coining die; -- used
adjectively to designate the silver currency of the Mogul
emperors, or the Indian rupee of 192 grains.</def>
<cs><col>Sicca rupee</col>, <cd>an East Indian coin, valued
nominally at about two shillings sterling, or fifty
cents.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sic"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>siccatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>siccare</ets> to dry, fr.
<ets>siecus</ets> dry.]</ety> <def>To dry.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sic*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>siccatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of
drying.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Sic"ca*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>siccativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Drying; causing to dry.</def>
-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>That which promotes
drying.</def></def2>
<hw>Sic*cif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>siccificus</ets>; <ets>siccus</ets> dry + <ets>facere</ets>
to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>Causing dryness.</def>
<hw>Sic"ci*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>siccitas</ets>, fr. <ets>siccus</ets> dry.]</ety>
<def>Dryness; aridity; destitution of moisture.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>siccity</qex> and dryness of its flesh.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<hw>Sice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>six</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sex</ets> six. See
<er>Six</er>.]</ety> <def>The number six at dice.</def>
<hw>Si"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sicera</ets>. See <er>Cider</er>.]</ety> <def>A strong
drink; cider.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Such.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Si*cil"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Sicily or its inhabitants.</def>
<cs><col>Sicilian vespers</col>, <cd>the great massacre of the
French in Sicily, in the year 1282, on the evening of Easter
Monday, at the hour of vespers.</cd></cs>
<hw>Si*cil"i*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant
of Sicily.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si*ci`li*a"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,
Sicilian.]</ety> <def>A Sicilian dance, resembling the pastorale,
set to a rather slow and graceful melody in 12-8 or 6-8 measure;
also, the music to the dance.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si`ci`lienne"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,
fem. of <ets>sicilien</ets> Sicilian.]</ety> <def>A kind of rich
poplin.</def>
<hw>Sick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sicker</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sickest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sek</ets>, <ets>sik</ets>, ill, AS. <ets>se\'a2c</ets>; akin
to OS. <ets>siok</ets>, <ets>seoc</ets>, OFries. <ets>siak</ets>,
D. <ets>ziek</ets>, G. <ets>siech</ets>, OHG. <ets>sioh</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sj<?/kr</ets>, Sw. <ets>sjuk</ets>, Dan.
<ets>syg</ets>, Goth. <ets>siuks</ets> ill, <ets>siukan</ets> to
be ill.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Affected with disease of any
kind; ill; indisposed; not in health. See the Synonym under
<er>Illness</er>.</def>
<q>Simon's wife's mother lay <qex>sick</qex> of a fever.</q>
<qau>Mark i. 30.</qau>
<q>Behold them that are <qex>sick</qex> with famine.</q>
<qau>Jer. xiv. 18.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affected with, or attended by, nausea; inclined
to vomit; <as>as, <ex>sick</ex> at the stomach; a <ex>sick</ex>
headache.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having a strong dislike; disgusted; surfeited;
-- with <xex>of</xex>; <as>as, to be <ex>sick</ex> of
flattery</as>.</def>
<q>He was not so <qex>sick</qex> of his master as of his
work.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Corrupted; imperfect; impaired; weakned.</def>
<q>So great is his antipathy against episcopacy, that, if a
seraphim himself should be a bishop, he would either find or make
some <qex>sick</qex> feathers in his wings.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<cs><col>Sick bay</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an apartment in a
vessel, used as the ship's hospital.</cd> -- <col>Sick bed</col>,
<cd>the bed upon which a person lies sick.</cd> -- <col>Sick
berth</col>, <cd>an apartment for the sick in a ship of war.</cd>
-- <col>Sick headache</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of
headache attended with disorder of the stomach and nausea.</cd>
-- <col>Sick list</col>, <cd>a list containing the names of the
sick.</cd> -- <col>Sick room</col>, <cd>a room in which a person
lies sick, or to which he is confined by sickness.</cd>
<note>[These terms, <xex>sick bed<xex>, <xex>sick berth<xex>,
etc., are also written both hyphened and solid.]</note></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Diseased; ill; disordered; distempered; indisposed;
weak; ailing; feeble; morbid.</syn>
<hw>Sick</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sickness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sick</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fall sick; to
sicken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sick"-brained`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Disordered in the brain.</def>
<hw>Sick"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sickened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sickening</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make sick;
to disease.</def>
<q>Raise this strength, and <qex>sicken</qex> that to death.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make qualmish; to nauseate; to disgust;
<as>as, to <ex>sicken</ex> the stomach</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To impair; to weaken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sick"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become
sick; to fall into disease.</def>
<q>The judges that sat upon the jail, and those that attended,
<qex>sickened</qex> upon it and died.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be filled to disgust; to be disgusted or
nauseated; to be filled with abhorrence or aversion; to be
surfeited or satiated.</def>
<q>Mine eyes did <qex>sicken</qex> at the sight.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<-- p. 1337 -->
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To become disgusting or tedious.</def>
<q>The toiling pleasure <qex>sickens</qex> into pain.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To become weak; to decay; to languish.</def>
<q>All pleasures <qex>sicken</qex>, and all glories sink.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Sick"en*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing
sickness; specif., causing surfeit or disgust; nauseating.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sick"en*ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sick"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sicerian</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To
percolate, trickle, or ooze, as water through a crack.</def>
<altsp>[Also written <asp>sigger</asp>, <asp>zigger</asp>, and
<asp>zifhyr</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sick"er</hw>, <hw>Sik"er</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[OE. <ets>siker</ets>; cf. OS. <ets>sikur</ets>, LG.
<ets>seker</ets>, D. <ets>zeker</ets>, Dan. <ets>sikker</ets>,
OHG. <ets>sihhur</ets>, G. <ets>sicher</ets>; all fr. L.
<ets>securus</ets>. See <er>Secure</er>, <er>Sure</er>.]</ety>
<def>Sure; certain; trusty.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>
<au>Burns.</au>
<q>When he is <qex>siker</qex> of his good name.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sick"er</hw>, <hw>Sik"er</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>adv.</pos> <def>Surely; certainly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Believe this as <qex>siker</qex> as your creed.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q><qex>Sicker</qex>, Willye, thou warnest well.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sick"er*ly</hw>, <hw>Sik"er*ly</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>adv.</pos> <def>Surely; securely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>But <qex>sikerly</qex>, withouten any fable.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sick"er*ness</hw>, <hw>Sik"er*ness</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being sicker, or
certain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sick"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Somewhat sick
or diseased.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Somewhat sickening; <as>as, a <ex>sickish</ex>
taste</as>.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sick"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sick"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sic"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sikel</ets>, AS. <ets>sicol</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>sikkel</ets>, G. <ets>sichel</ets>, OHG. <ets>sihhila</ets>,
Dan. <ets>segel</ets>, <ets>segl</ets>, L. <ets>secula</ets>, fr.
<ets>secare</ets> to cut; or perhaps from L. <ets>secula</ets>.
See <er>Saw</er> a cutting instrument.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
reaping instrument consisting of a steel blade curved into the
form of a hook, and having a handle fitted on a tang. The sickle
has one side of the blade notched, so as always to sharpen with a
serrated edge. Cf. <cref>Reaping hook</cref>, under
<er>Reap</er>.</def>
<q>When corn has once felt the <qex>sickle</qex>, it has no more
benefit from the sunshine.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A group of stars in the
constellation Leo. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Leo</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Sickle pod</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of rock
cress (<spn>Arabis Canadensis</spn>) having very long curved
pods.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sic"kle*bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of three species
of humming birds of the genus <spn>Eutoxeres</spn>, native of
Central and South America. They have a long and strongly curved
bill. Called also the <altname>sickle-billed
hummer</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A curlew.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A bird of the genus <spn>Epimachus</spn> and
allied genera.</def>
<hw>Sic"kled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with
a sickle.</def>
<hw>Sic"kle*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sicklemen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who uses a
sickle; a reaper.</def>
<q>You sunburned <qex>sicklemen</qex>, of August weary.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sic"kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who uses a
sickle; a sickleman; a reaper.</def>
<hw>Sick"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from
sickness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Give me long breath, young beds, and <qex>sickless</qex>
ease.</q>
<qau>Marston.</qau>
<hw>Sic"kle*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sicolwyrt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A plant of the genus <spn>Coronilla</spn> (<spn>C.
scorpioides</spn>); -- so named from its curved pods.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The healall (<spn>Brunella
vulgaris</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sick"lied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made sickly.
See <er>Sickly</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<hw>Sick"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being sickly.</def>
<hw>Sick"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sicklier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sickliest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Somewhat sick; disposed to illness; attended with disease;
<as>as, a <ex>sickly</ex> body</as>.</def>
<q>This physic but prolongs thy <qex>sickly</qex> days.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Producing, or tending to, disease; <as>as, a
<ex>sickly</ex> autumn; a <ex>sickly</ex> climate</as>.</def>
<au>Cowper.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Appearing as if sick; weak; languid; pale.</def>
<q>The moon grows <qex>sickly</qex> at the sight of day.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Nor torrid summer's <qex>sickly</qex> smile.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Tending to produce nausea; sickening; <as>as, a
<ex>sickly</ex> smell; <ex>sickly</ex> sentimentality.</as></def>
<syn>Syn. -- Diseased; ailing; infirm; weakly; unhealthy;
healthless; weak; feeble; languid; faint.</syn>
<hw>Sick"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sick manner or
condition; ill.</def>
<q>My people <qex>sickly</qex> [with ill will] beareth our
marriage.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sick"ly</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make sick or sickly;
-- with <xex>over</xex>, and probably only in the past
participle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q><qex>Sicklied</qex> o'er with the pale cast of thought.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Sentiments <qex>sicklied</qex> over . . . with that cloying
heaviness into which unvaried sweetness is too apt to
subside.</q>
<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>
<hw>Sick"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>se\'a2cness</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or
state of being sick or diseased; illness; sisease or
malady.</def>
<q>I do lament the <qex>sickness</qex> of the king.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Trust not too much your now resistless charms;
Those, age or <qex>sickness</qex> soon or late disarms.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Nausea; qualmishness; <as>as, <ex>sickness</ex>
of stomach</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Illness; disease; malady. See
<er>Illness</er>.</syn>
<hw>Si"cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>silcus</ets>, Heb. <ets>shegel</ets>. See
<er>Shekel</er>.]</ety> <def>A shekel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The holy mother brought five <qex>sicles</qex> and a pair of
turtledoves to redeem the Lamb of God.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Si"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a kind of plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus
of malvaceous plants common in the tropics. All the species are
mucilaginous, and some have tough ligneous fibers which are used
as a substitute for hemp and flax.</def>
<au>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</au>
<hw>Sid"dow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Soft;
pulpy.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Side</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>s\'c6de</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zijde</ets>, G.
<ets>seite</ets>, OHG. <ets>s\'c6ta</ets>, Icel.
<ets>s\'c6<?/a</ets>, Dan. <ets>side</ets>, Sw. <ets>sida</ets>;
cf. AS. <ets>s\'c6d</ets> large, spacious, Icel.
<ets>s\'c6<?/r</ets> long, hanging.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
margin, edge, verge, or border of a surface; especially (when the
thing spoken of is somewhat oblong in shape), one of the longer
edges as distinguished from the shorter edges, called
<xex>ends</xex>; a bounding line of a geometrical figure; <as>as,
the <ex>side</ex> of a field, of a square or triangle, of a
river, of a road, etc.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any outer portion of a thing considered apart
from, and yet in relation to, the rest; <as>as, the upper
<ex>side</ex> of a sphere</as>; also, any part or position viewed
as opposite to or contrasted with another; <as>as, this or that
<ex>side</ex></as>.</def>
<-- any part of the surface which can be viewed from one vantage
point. -->
<q>Looking round on every <qex>side</qex> beheld
A pathless desert.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the halves of the body, of
an animals or man, on either side of the mesial plane; or that
which pertains to such a half; <as>as, a <ex>side</ex> of beef; a
<ex>side</ex> of sole leather.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
right or left part of the wall or trunk of the body; <as>as, a
pain in the <ex>side</ex></as>.</def>
<q>One of the soldiers with a spear pierced his
<qex>side</qex>.</q>
<qau>John xix. 34.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A slope or declivity, as of a hill, considered
as opposed to another slope over the ridge.</def>
<q>Along the <qex>side</qex> of yon small hill.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The position of a person or party regarded as
opposed to another person or party, whether as a rival or a foe;
a body of advocates or partisans; a party; hence, the interest or
cause which one maintains against another; a doctrine or view
opposed to another.</def>
<q>God on our <qex>side</qex>, doubt not of victory.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>We have not always been of the . . . same <qex>side</qex> in
politics.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<q>Sets the passions on the <qex>side</qex> of truth.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A line of descent traced through one parent as
distinguished from that traced through another.</def>
<q>To sit upon thy father David's throne,
By mother's <qex>side</qex> thy father.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Fig.: Aspect or part regarded as contrasted with
some other; <as>as, the bright <ex>side</ex> of
poverty</as>.</def>
<cs><col>By the side of</col>, <cd>close at hand; near to.</cd>
-- <col>Exterior side</col>. <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Exterior</er>, and <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<er>Ravelin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Interior side</col>
<fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>the line drawn from the center of one
bastion to that of the next, or the line curtain produced to the
two oblique radii in front. <au>H. L. Scott</au>.</cd> --
<col>Side by side</col>, <cd>close together and abreast; in
company or along with.</cd> -- <col>To choose sides</col>, <cd>to
select those who shall compete, as in a game, on either
side.</cd> -- <col>To take sides</col>, <cd>to attach one's self
to, or give assistance to, one of two opposing sides or
parties.</cd></cs>
<hw>Side</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or
pertaining to a side, or the sides; being on the side, or toward
the side; lateral.</def>
<q>One mighty squadron with a <qex>side</qex> wind sped.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, indirect; oblique; collateral;
incidental; <as>as, a <ex>side</ex> issue; a <ex>side</ex> view
or remark.</as></def>
<q>The law hath no <qex>side</qex> respect to their persons.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[AS. <ets>s\'c6d</ets>. Cf <er>Side</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Long; large; extensive.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>His gown had <qex>side</qex> sleeves down to mid leg.</q>
<qau>Laneham.</qau>
<cs><col>Side action</col>, <cd>in breech-loading firearms, a
mechanism for operating the breech block, which is moved by a
lever that turns sidewise.</cd> -- <col>Side arms</col>,
<cd>weapons worn at the side, as sword, bayonet, pistols,
etc.</cd> -- <col>Side ax</col>, <cd>an ax of which the handle is
bent to one side.</cd> -- <col>Side-bar rule</col> <fld>(Eng.
Law.)</fld>, <cd>a rule authorized by the courts to be granted by
their officers as a matter of course, without formal application
being made to them in open court; -- so called because anciently
moved for by the attorneys at <xex>side bar<xex>, that is,
informally. <au>Burril</au>.</cd> -- <col>Side box</col>, <cd>a
box or inclosed seat on the side of a theater.</cd></cs>
<q>To insure a <qex>side-box</qex> station at half price.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
-- <col>Side chain</col>, <cd>one of two safety chains connecting
a tender with a locomotive, at the sides.</cd> -- <col>Side
cut</col>, <cd>a canal or road branching out from the main one.
<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Side dish</col>, <cd>one of the
dishes subordinate to the main course.</cd> -- <col>Side
glance</col>, <cd>a glance or brief look to one side.</cd> --
<col>Side hook</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a notched piece of
wood for clamping a board to something, as a bench.</cd> --
<col>Side lever</col>, <cd> a working beam of a side-lever
engine.</cd> -- <col>Side-lever engine</col>, <cd>a marine steam
engine having a working beam of each side of the cylinder, near
the bottom of the engine, communicating motion to a crank that is
above them.</cd> -- <col>Side pipe</col> <fld>(Steam
Engine)</fld>, <cd>a steam or exhaust pipe connecting the upper
and lower steam chests of the cylinder of a beam engine.</cd> --
<col>Side plane</col>, <cd>a plane in which the cutting edge of
the iron is at the side of the stock.</cd> -- <col>Side
posts</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>posts in a truss, usually
placed in pairs, each post set at the same distance from the
middle of the truss, for supporting the principal rafters,
hanging the tiebeam, etc.</cd> -- <col>Side rod</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One of the rods which connect the piston-rod
crosshead with the side levers, in a side-lever engine.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Parallel rod</cref>, under
<er>Parallel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Side screw</col>
<fld>(Firearms)</fld>, <cd>one of the screws by which the lock is
secured to the side of a firearm stock.</cd> -- <col>Side
table</col>, <cd>a table placed either against the wall or aside
from the principal table.</cd> -- <col>Side tool</col>
<fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a cutting tool, used in a lathe or
planer, having the cutting edge at the side instead of at the
point.</cd> -- <col>Side wind</col>, <cd>a wind from one side;
hence, an indirect attack, or indirect means.</cd>
<au>Wright.</au></cs>
<hw>Side</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sided</er>; <pos>p. pr.& vb. n.</pos>
<er>Siding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lean on one
side.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To embrace the opinions of one party, or engage
in its interest, in opposition to another party; to take sides;
<as>as, to <ex>side</ex> with the ministerial party</as>.</def>
<q>All <qex>side</qex> in parties, and begin the attack.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Side</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be or stand
at the side of; to be on the side toward.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>His blind eye that <qex>sided</qex> Paridell.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To suit; to pair; to match.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Clarendon.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>To work (a timber or
rib) to a certain thickness by trimming the sides.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To furnish with a siding; <as>as, to
<ex>side</ex> a house</as>.</def>
<hw>Side"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A piece of
dining-room furniture having compartments and shelves for keeping
or displaying articles of table service.</def>
<q>At a stately <qex>sideboard</qex>, by the wine,
That fragrant smell diffused.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Side"bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Far.)</fld>
<def>A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter and at the sides
of the coronet and coffin bone of a horse.</def>
<au>J. H. Walsh.</au>
<hw>Sid"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having (such or
so many) sides; -- used in composition; <as>as,
one-<ex>sided</ex>; many-<ex>sided</ex>.</as></def>
<hw>Side"hill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The side or
slope of a hill; sloping ground; a descent.</def> <mark>[U.
S.]</mark>
<hw>Side"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sideling</ets>, fr. <ets>side</ets> side. See <er>Side</er>,
and cf. <er>Sidelong</er>, <er>Headlong</er>.]</ety>
<def>Sidelong; on the side; laterally; also, obliquely;
askew.</def>
<q>A fellow nailed up maps . . . some <qex>sideling</qex>, and
others upside down.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Side"ling</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclining to one sidel
directed toward one side; sloping; inclined; <as>as,
<ex>sideling</ex> ground</as>.</def>
<hw>Side"long`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sideling</er>, <ets>adv</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Laterally; obliquely; in the direction of the side.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>On the side; <as>as, to lay a thing
<ex>sidelong</ex></as>.</def> <note>[See <er>Sideling</er>,
<pos>adv.</pos> ]</note>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<hw>Side"long`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lateral; oblique; not
being directly in front; <as>as, a <ex>sidelong</ex>
glance</as>.</def>
<q>The bashful virgin's <qex>sidelong</qex> looks of love.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<hw>Side"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Joinery)</fld> <def>The jamb, or cheek, of an opening in a
wall, as of door or window.</def>
<hw>Sid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who takes a
side.</def>
<hw>Si"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cider.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sid"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sideralis</ets>. See <er>Sidereal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Relating to the stars.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>Affecting unfavorably by
the supposed influence of the stars; baleful.</def>
\'bd<xex>Sideral</xex> blast.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sid"er*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sideratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>siderari</ets> to be blasted
by a constellation, fr. <ets>sidus</ets>, <ets>sideris</ets>, a
constellation.]</ety> <def>Planet-struck; blasted.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sid`er*a"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sideratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being siderated,
or planet-struck; esp., blast in plants; also, a sudden and
apparently causeless stroke of disease, as in apoplexy or
paralysis.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ray.</au>
<hw>Si*de"re*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sidereus</ets>, from <ets>sidus</ets>, <ets>sideris</ets>, a
constellation, a star. Cf. <er>Sideral</er>, <er>Consider</er>,
<er>Desire</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to the stars;
starry; astral; <as>as, <ex>sidereal</ex> astronomy</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Measuring by the apparent
motion of the stars; designated, marked out, or accompanied, by a
return to the same position in respect to the stars; <as>as, the
<ex>sidereal</ex> revolution of a planet; a <ex>sidereal</ex>
day.</as></def>
<cs><mcol><col>Sidereal clock</col>, <col>day</col>,
<col>month</col>, <col>year</col></mcol>. <cd>See under
<er>Clock</er>, <er>Day</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Sideral
time</col>, <cd>time as reckoned by sideral days, or, taking the
sidereal day as the unit, the time elapsed since a transit of the
vernal equinox, reckoned in parts of a sidereal day. This is,
strictly, <xex>apparent sidereal time<xex>, <xex>mean sidereal
time<xex> being reckoned from the transit, not of the
<xex>true<xex>, but of the <xex>mean<xex>, equinoctial
point.</cd></cs>
<hw>Si*de"re*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
elevate to the stars, or to the region of the stars; to
etherealize.</def>
<q>German literature transformed, <qex>siderealized</qex>, as we
see it in Goethe, reckons Winckelmann among its initiators.</q>
<qau>W. Pater.</qau>
<hw>Si*de"re*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sidereus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sidereal.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sid"er*ite</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>sideritis</ets>
loadstone, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, of iron, from
<?/<?/<?/<?/ iron.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Carbonate of iron, an important ore of iron
occuring generally in cleavable masses, but also in rhombohedral
crystals. It is of a light yellowish brown color. Called also
<altname>sparry iron</altname>, <altname>spathic
iron</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A meteorite consisting
solely of metallic iron.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An indigo-blue
variety of quartz.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Formerly, magnetic
iron ore, or loadstone.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus
<spn>Sideritis</spn>; ironwort.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sid`er*o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sid`er*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to siderography; executed by engraved
plates of steel; <as>as, <ex>siderographic</ex> art;
<ex>siderographic</ex> impressions.</as></def>
<hw>Sid`er*og"ra*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
skilled in siderography.</def>
<hw>Sid`er*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ iron + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or
practice of steel engraving; especially, the process, invented by
Perkins, of multiplying facsimiles of an engraved steel plate by
first rolling over it, when hardened, a soft steel cylinder, and
then rolling the cylinder, when hardened, over a soft steel
plate, which thus becomes a facsimile of the original. The
process has been superseded by <xex>electrotypy</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sid"er*o*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ iron + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of
meteorite. See under <er>Meteorite</er>.</def>
<hw>Sid"er*o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ iron + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by
burning straws on red-hot iron, and noting the manner of their
burning.</def>
<au>Craig.</au>
<hw>Sid"er*o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ iron + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for
detecting small quantities of iron in any substance by means of a
very delicate combination of magnetic needles.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sid`e*ro"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ iron.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sort of
pneumonia occuring in iron workers, produced by the inhalation of
particles of iron.</def>
<hw>Sid"er*o*stat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sidus</ets>, <ets>sideris</ets>, a star + Gr. <?/<?/<?/
standing, fixed, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to place.]</ety>
<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An apparatus consisting essentially of
a mirror moved by clockwork so as to throw the rays of the sun or
a star in a fixed direction; -- a more general term for
<stype>heliostat</stype>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sid`e*rox"y*lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ iron + <?/<?/<?/ wood.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tropical sapotaceous trees
noted for their very hard wood; ironwood.</def>
<hw>Side"sad`dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A saddle
for women, in which the rider sits with both feet on one side of
the animal mounted.</def>
<cs><col>Sidesaddle flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant
with hollow leaves and curiously shaped flowers; -- called also
<altname>huntsman's cup</altname>. See
<er>Sarracenia</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1338 -->
<hw>Sides"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sidesmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
party man; a partisan.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assistant to the churchwarden; a
questman.</def>
<hw>Side"-tak`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A taking
sides, as with a party, sect, or faction.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Side"walk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A walk for
foot passengers at the side of a street or road; a foot
pavement.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Side"ways`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward the
side; sidewise.</def>
<q>A second refraction made <qex>sideways</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>
<q>His beard, a good palm's length, at least, . . .
Shot <qex>sideways</qex>, like a swallow's wings.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>Side"-wheel`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a paddle wheel
on each side; -- said of steam vessels; <as>as, a
<ex>side-wheel</ex> steamer</as>.</def>
<hw>Side"wind`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>(Zo\'94l.) See Horned rattler, under <er>Horned</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A heavy swinging blow from the side, which
disables an adversary.</def> <mark>[Slang.]</mark>
<hw>Side"wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>On or
toward one side; laterally; sideways.</def>
<q>I saw them mask their awful glance
<qex>Sidewise</qex> meek in gossamer lids.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<-- the informal name of a specific type of heat-seeking
air-to-air missile. Also, sidewinder missile. -->
<hw>Sid"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Attaching one's self to a party.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A side track, as a railroad; a turnout.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The covering of the outside
wall of a frame house, whether made of weatherboards, vertical
boarding with cleats, shingles, or the like.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>The thickness of a rib
or timber, measured, at right angles with its side, across the
curved edge; <as>as, a timber having a <ex>siding</ex> of ten
inches</as>.</def>
<hw>Si"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sidled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sidling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Side</er>.]</ety>
<def>To go or move with one side foremost; to move sidewise;
<as>as, to <ex>sidle</ex> through a crowd or narrow
opening</as>.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<q>He . . . then <qex>sidled</qex> close to the astonished
girl.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Siege</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sege</ets>, OF. <ets>siege</ets>, F. <ets>si\'8age</ets> a
seat, a siege; cf. It. <ets>seggia</ets>, <ets>seggio</ets>,
<ets>zedio</ets>, a seat, <ets>asseggio</ets>,
<ets>assedio</ets>, a siege, F. <ets>assi\'82ger</ets> to
besiege, It. & LL. <ets>assediare</ets>, L. <ets>obsidium</ets> a
siege, besieging; all ultimately fr. L. <ets>sedere</ets> to sit.
See <er>Sit</er>, and cf. <er>See</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A seat; especially, a royal seat; a
throne.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdUpon the very
<xex>siege</xex> of justice.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>A stately <qex>siege</qex> of sovereign majesty,
And thereon sat a woman gorgeous gay.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>In our great hall there stood a vacant chair . . .
And Merlin called it \'bdThe <qex>siege</qex> perilous.\'b8</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, place or situation; seat.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Ah! traitorous eyes, come out of your shameless
<qex>siege</qex> forever.</q>
<qau>Painter (Palace of Pleasure).</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rank; grade; station; estimation.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>I fetch my life and being
From men of royal <qex>siege</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Passage of excrements; stool; fecal
matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>siege</qex> of this mooncalf.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The sitting of an army around or before a
fortified place for the purpose of compelling the garrison to
surrender; the surrounding or investing of a place by an army,
and approaching it by passages and advanced works, which cover
the besiegers from the enemy's fire. See the Note under
<er>Blockade</er>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Hence, a continued attempt to gain
possession.</def>
<q>Love stood the <qex>siege</qex>, and would not yield his
breast.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>The floor of a glass-furnace.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>A workman's bench.</def>
<au>Knught.</au>
<cs><col>Siege gun</col>, <cd>a heavy gun for siege
operations.</cd> -- <col>Siege train</col>, <cd>artillery adapted
for attacking fortified places.</cd></cs>
<hw>Siege</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To besiege; to beset.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Through all the dangers that can <qex>siege</qex>
The life of man.</q>
<qau>Buron.</qau>
<hw>Siege"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A temporary
fort or parallel where siege guns are mounted.</def>
<hw>Sie"mens-Mar`tin proc"ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See
<cref>Open-hearth process</cref>, etc., under
<er>Open</er>.</def>
<hw>Si"e*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Syenite</er>.</def>
<hw>Si`e*nit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Syenitic</er>.</def>
<hw>Si*en"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>terra di Siena</ets>, fr. <ets>Siena</ets> in Italy.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Clay that is colored red or brown by the
oxides of iron or manganese, and used as a pigment. It is used
either in the raw state or burnt.</def>
<cs><col>Burnt sienna</col>, <cd>sienna made of a much redder
color by the action of fire.</cd> -- <col>Raw sienna</col>,
<cd>sienna in its natural state, of a transparent yellowish brown
color.</cd></cs>
<hw>Si`en*nese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Sienna, a city of Italy.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si*er"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,
properly, a saw, fr. L. <ets>serra</ets> a saw. See
<er>Serrate</er>.]</ety> <def>A ridge of mountain and craggy
rocks, with a serrated or irregular outline; <as>as, the
<ex>Sierra</ex> Nevada</as>.</def>
<q>The wild <qex>sierra</qex> overhead.</q>
<qau>Whitter.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Si*es"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,
probably fr. L. <ets>sessitare</ets> to sit much or long, v.
freq. of <ets>sedere</ets>, <ets>sessum</ets>, to sit. See
<er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <def>A short sleep taken about the middle of
the day, or after dinner; a midday nap.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sieur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., abbrev.
from seigneur. Cf. <er>Monsieur</er>, <er>Seignior</er>.]</ety>
<def>Sir; -- a title of respect used by the French.</def>
<hw>Sie"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A small variety of the Lima bean (<spn>Phaseolus
lunatus</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sieve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sive</ets>, AS. <ets>sife</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zeef</ets>,
<ets>zift</ets>, OHG. <ets>sib</ets>, G. <ets>sieb</ets>.
<root/151<it>a</it>. Cf. <er>Sift</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A utensil for separating the finer and coarser parts of a
pulverized or granulated substance from each other. It consist of
a vessel, usually shallow, with the bottom perforated, or made of
hair, wire, or the like, woven in meshes.</def> \'bdIn a
<xex>sieve</xex> thrown and sifted.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of coarse basket.</def>
<au>Simmonds.</au>
<cs><col>Sieve cells</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>cribriform
cells. See under <er>Cribriform</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Si"fac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The white indris of Madagascar. It is regarded by the
natives as sacred.</def>
<hw>Sif"fle*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a
whistling or hissing.]</ety> <def>The act of whistling or
hissing; a whistling sound; sibilation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>A. Brewer.</au>
<hw>Sif"i*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>siflet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
six-shafted bird of paradise. See <cref>Paradise bird</cref>,
under <er>Paradise</er>.</def>
<hw>Sift</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sifted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Sifting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>siftan</ets>, from <ets>sife</ets> sieve.
<root/151<it>a</it>. See <er>Sieve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To separate with a sieve, as the fine part of a substance
from the coarse; <as>as, to <ex>sift</ex> meal or flour; to
<ex>sift</ex> powder; to <ex>sift</ex> sand or lime.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To separate or part as if with a sieve.</def>
<q>When yellow sands are <qex>sifted</qex> from below,
The glittering billows give a golden show.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To examine critically or minutely; to
scrutinize.</def>
<q><qex>Sifting</qex> the very utmost sentence and syllable.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<q>Opportunity I here have had
To try thee, <qex>sift</qex> thee.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Let him but narrowly <qex>sift</qex> his ideas.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>
<cs><col>To sift out</col>, <cd>to search out with care, as if by
sifting.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sift"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, sifts.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any lamellirostral bird,
as a duck or goose; -- so called because it sifts or strains its
food from the water and mud by means of the lamell<?/ of the
beak.</def>
<hw>Sig</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to AS.
<ets>s\'c6gan</ets> to fall. <root/151<it>a.</it> <ets>See</ets>
<er>Sink</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Urine.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Si*gaul"ti*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to <xex>Sigault</xex>, a
French physician. See <er>Symphyseotomy</er>.</def>
<hw>Sig"ger</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>Same as</def>
<er>Sicker</er>. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sigh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sighed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sighing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>sighen</ets>, <ets>si<?/en</ets>; cf. also OE.
<ets>siken</ets>, AS. <ets>s\'c6can</ets>, and OE.
<ets>sighten</ets>, <ets>si<?/ten</ets>, <ets>sichten</ets>, AS.
<ets>siccettan</ets>; all, perhaps, of imitative origin.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual,
and immediately expel it; to make a deep single audible
respiration, especially as the result or involuntary expression
of fatigue, exhaustion, grief, sorrow, or the like.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to lament; to grieve.</def>
<q>He <qex>sighed</qex> deeply in his spirit.</q>
<qau>Mark viii. 12.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a sound like sighing.</def>
<q>And the coming wind did roar more loud,
And the sails did <qex>sigh</qex> like sedge.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<q>The winter winds are wearily <qex>sighing</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<note><hand/ An extraordinary pronunciation of this word as
<xex>s\'c6th</xex> is still heard in England and among the
illiterate in the United States.</note>
<hw>Sigh</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To exhale (the
breath) in sighs.</def>
<q>Never man <qex>sighed</qex> truer breath.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter sighs over; to lament or mourn
over.</def>
<q>Ages to come, and men unborn,
Shall bless her name, and <qex>sigh</qex> her fate.</q>
<qau>Pior.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To express by sighs; to utter in or with
sighs.</def>
<q>They . . . <qex>sighed</qex> forth proverbs.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The gentle swain . . . <qex>sighs</qex> back her grief.</q>
<qau>Hoole.</qau>
<hw>Sigh</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sigh</ets>; cf. OE.
<ets>sik</ets>. See <er>Sigh</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A deep and prolonged audible inspiration or
respiration of air, as when fatigued or grieved; the act of
sighing.</def>
<q>I could drive the boat with my <qex>sighs</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively, a manifestation of grief; a
lan<?/ent.</def>
<q>With their <qex>sighs</qex> the air
Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sigh"-born`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sorrowful;
mournful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Sigh-born</xex>
thoughts.\'b8
<au>De Quincey.</au>
<hw>Sigh"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sighs.</def>
<hw>Sigh"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Uttering sighs; grieving;
lamenting.</def> \'bd<xex>Sighing</xex> millions.\'b8
<au>Cowper</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Sigh"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sight</ets>, <ets>si<?/t</ets>, <ets>siht</ets>, AS.
<ets>siht</ets>, ge<ets>siht</ets>, ge<ets>sih<?/</ets>,
ge<ets>sieh<?/</ets>, ge<ets>syh<?/</ets>; akin to D.
ge<ets>zicht</ets>, G. <ets>sicht</ets>, ge<ets>sicht</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sigte</ets>, Sw. <ets>sigt</ets>, from the root of E.
<ets>see</ets>. See <er>See</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of seeing; perception of objects by the
eye; view; <as>as, to gain <ex>sight</ex> of land</as>.</def>
<q>A cloud received him out of their <qex>sight</qex>.</q>
<qau>Acts. i. 9.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The power of seeing; the faculty of vision, or
of perceiving objects by the instrumentality of the eyes.</def>
<q>Thy <qex>sight</qex> is young,
And thou shalt read when mine begin to dazzle.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>O loss of <qex>sight</qex>, of thee I most complain!</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of admitting unobstructed vision;
visibility; open view; region which the eye at one time surveys;
space through which the power of vision extends; <as>as, an
object within <ex>sight</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A spectacle; a view; a show; something worth
seeing.</def>
<q>Moses said, I will now turn aside and see this great
<qex>sight</qex>, why the bush is not burnt.</q>
<qau>Ex. iii. 3.</qau>
<q>They never saw a <qex>sight</qex> so fair.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The instrument of seeing; the eye.</def>
<q>Why cloud they not their <qex>sights</qex>?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Inspection; examination; <as>as, a letter
intended for the <ex>sight</ex> of only one person</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Mental view; opinion; judgment; <as>as, in their
<ex>sight</ex> it was harmless</as>.</def>
<au>Wake.</au>
<q>That which is highly esteemed among men is abomination in the
<qex>sight</qex> of God.</q>
<qau>Luke xvi. 15.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>A small aperture through which objects are to be
seen, and by which their direction is settled or ascertained;
<as>as, the <ex>sight</ex> of a quadrant</as>.</def>
<q>Thier eyes of fire sparking through <qex>sights</qex> of
steel.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>A small piece of metal, fixed or movable, on the
breech, muzzle, center, or trunnion of a gun, or on the breech
and the muzzle of a rifle, pistol, etc., by means of which the
eye is guided in aiming.</def>
<au>Farrow.</au>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>In a drawing, picture, etc., that part of the
surface, as of paper or canvas, which is within the frame or the
border or margin. In a frame or the like, the open space, the
opening.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>A great number, quantity, or sum; <as>as, a
<ex>sight</ex> of money</as>.</def> <mark>[<plain>Now</plain>
colloquial]</mark>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sight</xex> in this last sense was formerly
employed in the best usage. \'bdA <xex>sight</xex> of
lawyers.\'b8</note>
<au>Latimer.</au>
<q>A wonder <qex>sight</qex> of flowers.</q>
<qau>Gower.</qau>
<cs><col>At sight</col>, <cd>as soon as seen, or presented to
sight; <as>as, a draft payable <ex>at sight<ex>: to read Greek
<ex>at sight<ex>; to shoot a person <ex>at sight<ex></as>.</cd>
-- <col>Front sight</col> <fld>(Firearms)</fld>, <cd>the sight
nearest the muzzle.</cd> -- <col>Open sight</col>.
<fld>(Firearms)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A front sight through
which the objects aimed at may be seen, in distinction from one
that hides the object</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A rear sight having
an open notch instead of an aperture.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Peep
sight</col>, <col>Rear sight</col></mcol>. <cd>See under
<er>Peep</er>, and <er>Rear</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sight draft</col>,
<cd>an order, or bill of exchange, directing the payment of money
at sight.</cd> -- <col>To take sight</col>, <cd>to take aim; to
look for the purpose of directing a piece of artillery, or the
like.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Vision; view; show; spectacle; representation;
exhibition.</syn>
<hw>Sight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sighted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Sighting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To get sight of; to see; <as>as, to <ex>sight</ex> land; to
<ex>sight</ex> a wreck.</as></def>
<au>Kane.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To look at through a sight; to see accurately;
<as>as, to <ex>sight</ex> an object, as a star</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To apply sights to; to adjust the sights of;
also, to give the proper elevation and direction to by means of a
sight; <as>as, to <ex>sight</ex> a rifle or a cannon</as>.</def>
<hw>Sight</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To take
aim by a sight.</def>
<hw>Sight"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having sight, or seeing, in
a particular manner; -- used in composition; <as>as,
long-<ex>sighted</ex>, short-<ex>sighted</ex>,
quick-<ex>sighted</ex>, sharp-<ex>sighted</ex>, and the
like</as>.</def>
<hw>Sight"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Easily or
clearly seen; distinctly visible; perspicuous.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Testament of Love.</au>
<hw>Sight"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being
sightful; perspicuity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<hw>Sight"-hole`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hole for
looking through; a peephole.</def> \'bdStop all
<xex>sight-holes</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sight"ing</hw>, <pos>a & n.</pos> <def>from <er>Sight</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Sighting shot</col>, <cd>a shot made to ascertain
whether the sights of a firearm are properly adjusted; a trial
shot.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sight"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wanting
sight; without sight; blind.</def>
<q>Of all who blindly creep or <qex>sightless</qex> soar.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That can not be seen; invisible.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>sightless</qex> couriers of the air.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Offensive or unpleasing to the eye; unsightly;
<as>as, <ex>sightless</ex> stains</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sight"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>-
<wf>Sight"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sight"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
of being sightly; comeliness; conspicuousness.</def>
<hw>Sight"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Pleasing to the sight; comely.</def> \'bdMany brave,
<xex>sightly</xex> horses.\'b8
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Open to sight; conspicuous; <as>as, a house
stands in a <ex>sightly</ex> place</as>.</def>
<hw>Sight"proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Undiscoverable to sight.</def>
<q>Hidden in their own <qex>sightproof</qex> bush.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<hw>Sight"-see`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Engaged
in, or given to, seeing sights; eager for novelties or
curiosities.</def>
<hw>Sight"-see`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of seeing
sights; eagerness for novelties or curiosities.</def>
<hw>Sight"-se`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One given
to seeing sights or noted things, or eager for novelties or
curiosities.</def>
<hw>Sight"-shot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Distance
to which the sight can reach or be thrown.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Cowley.</au>
<hw>Sights"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sightsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<def>One who reads or performs music readily at first
sight.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<-- now, sight-reader -->
<au>Busby.</au>
<hw>Sig"il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sigillum</ets>. See <er>Seal</er> a stamp.]</ety> <def>A
seal; a signature.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>Of talismans and <qex>sigils</qex> knew the power.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Sig`il*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[L., from <ets>sigillum</ets> a seal. See
<er>Sigil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antic.)</fld> <def>Little
images or figures of earthenware exposed for sale, or given as
presents, on the last two days of the Saturnalia; hence, the last
two, or the sixth and seventh, days of the Saturnalia.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sig`il*la"ri*a</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fem sing.
fr. L. <ets>sigillum</ets> a seal.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>
<def>A genus of fossil trees principally found in the coal
formation; -- so named from the seallike leaf scars in vertical
rows on the surface.</def>
<hw>Sig`il*la"rid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of an extinct family of
cryptagamous trees, including the genus <spn>Sigillaria</spn> and
its allies.</def>
<hw>Sig"il*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sigillatus</ets> adorned with little images.]</ety>
<def>Decorated by means of stamps; -- said of pottery.</def>
<hw>Sig"il*la*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sigillum</ets> a seal: cf. OF. <ets>sigillatif</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Fit to seal; belonging to a seal; composed of wax.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Si*gil"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sigilla</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom.
& Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A seal.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sig"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The signs, abbreviations, letters, or
characters standing for words, shorthand, etc., in ancient
manuscripts, or on coins, medals, etc.</def>
<au>W. Savage.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sig"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sigmas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., from Gr.
<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>The Greek letter <SIGMA/,
<sigma/, or <sigmat/ (English <it>S</it>, or <it>s</it>). It
originally had the form of the English C.</def>
<hw>Sig"mo*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ sigma (<?/) + <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a tooth.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of a tribe
(<spn>Sigmodontes</spn>) of rodents which includes all the
indigenous rats and mice of America. So called from the form of
the ridges of enamel on the crowns of the worn molars. Also used
adjectively.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sig"moid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sig*moid"al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/;
<?/<?/<?/ sigma + <?/<?/<?/ form, likeness: cf. F.
<ets>sigmo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Curved in two directions,
like the letter S, or the Greek <sigmat/.</def>
<cs><col>Sigmoid flexure</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the last
curve of the colon before it terminates in the rectum. See
<xex>Illust<xex>. under <er>Digestive</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sigmoid
valves</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Semilunar
valves</cref>, under <er>Semilunar</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sig*moid"al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sigmoidal
manner.</def>
<-- p. 1339 -->
<hw>Sign</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>signe</ets>, L. <ets>signum</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>segen</ets>,
<ets>segn</ets>, a sign, standard, banner, also fr. L.
<ets>signum</ets>. Cf. <er>Ensign</er>, <er>Resign</er>,
<er>Seal</er> a stamp, <er>Signal</er>, <er>Signet</er>.]</ety>
<def>That by which anything is made known or represented; that
which furnishes evidence; a mark; a token; an indication; a
proof.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A remarkable event,
considered by the ancients as indicating the will of some deity;
a prodigy; an omen</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An event considered
by the Jews as indicating the divine will, or as manifesting an
interposition of the divine power for some special end; a
miracle; a wonder.</def>
<q>Through mighty <qex>signs</qex> and wonders, by the power of
the Spirit of God.</q>
<qau>Rom. xv. 19.</qau>
<q>It shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither
hearken to the voice of the first <qex>sign</qex>, that they will
believe the voice of the latter <qex>sign</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ex. iv. 8.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Something serving to indicate the existence, or
preserve the memory, of a thing; a token; a memorial; a
monument</def>.
<q>What time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men, and
they became a <qex>sign</qex>.</q>
<qau>Num. xxvi. 10.</qau>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Any symbol or emblem which prefigures,
typifles, or represents, an idea; a type; hence, sometimes, a
picture</def>.
<q>The holy symbols, or <qex>signs</qex>, are not barely
significative; but what they represent is as certainly delivered
to us as the symbols themselves.</q>
<qau>Brerewood.</qau>
<q>Saint George of Merry England, the <qex>sign</qex> of
victory.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sd>(e)</sd> <def>A word or a character regarded as the outward
manifestation of thought; as, words are the <xex>sign</xex> of
ideas</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A motion, an action, or a gesture
by which a thought is expressed, or a command or a wish made
known</def>.
<q>They made <qex>signs</qex> to his father, how he would have
him called.</q>
<qau>Luke i. 62.</qau>
<sd>(g)</sd> <def>Hence, one of the gestures of pantomime, or of
a language of a signs such as those used by the North American
Indians, or those used by the deaf and dumb</def>.
<note><hand/ Educaters of the deaf distinguish between
<xex>natural signs</xex>, which serve for communicating ideas,
and <xex>methodical</xex>, or <xex>systematic</xex>,
<xex>signs</xex>, adapted for the dictation, or the rendering, of
written language, word by word; and thus the <xex>signs</xex> are
to be distinguished from the <xex>manual alphabet</xex>, by which
words are spelled on the fingers.</note>
<sd>(h)</sd> <def>A military emblem carried on a banner or a
standard</def>. <au>Milton</au>. <sd>(i)</sd> <def>A lettered
board, or other conspicuous notice, placed upon or before a
building, room, shop, or office to advertise the business there
transacted, or the name of the person or firm carrying it on; a
publicly displayed token or notice</def>.
<q>The shops were, therefore, distinguished by painted
<qex>signs</qex>, which gave a gay and grotesque aspect to the
streets.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sd>(j)</sd> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The twelfth part of the
ecliptic or zodiac</def>.
<note><hand/ The <xex>signs</xex> are reckoned from the point of
intersection of the ecliptic and equator at the vernal equinox,
and are named, respectively, <stype>Aries</stype> (<Aries/),
<stype>Taurus</stype> (<Taurus/), <stype>Gemini</stype> (II),
<stype>Cancer</stype> (<Cancer/), <stype>Leo</stype> (<Leo/),
<stype>Virgo</stype> (<Virgo/), <stype>Libra</stype> (<Libra/),
<stype>Scorpio</stype> (<Scorpio/), <stype>Sagittarius</stype>
(<Sagittarius/), <stype>Capricornus </stype> (<Capricorn/),
<stype>Aquarius</stype> (<Aquarius/), <stype>Pisces</stype>
(<Pisces/). These names were originally the names of the
constellations occupying severally the divisions of the zodiac,
by which they are still retained; but, in consequence of the
procession of the equinoxes, the signs have, in process of time,
become separated about 30 degrees from these constellations, and
each of the latter now lies in the sign next in advance, or to
the east of the one which bears its name, as the constellation
Aries in the sign Taurus, etc.</note>
<sd>(k)</sd> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A character indicating the
relation of quantities, or an operation performed upon them;
<as>as, the <ex>sign</ex> + (plus); the <ex>sign</ex> -- (minus);
the <ex>sign</ex> of division \'f6, and the like</as></def>.
<sd>(l)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An objective evidence of
disease; that is, one appreciable by some one other than the
patient</def>.
<note><hand/ The terms <xex>symptom</xex> and and <xex>sign</xex>
are often used synonymously; but they may be discriminated. A
<xex>sign</xex> differs from a <xex>symptom</xex> in that the
latter is perceived only by the patient himself. The term
<xex>sign</xex> is often further restricted to the purely local
evidences of disease afforded by direct examination of the organs
involved, as distinguished from those evidence of general
disturbance afforded by observation of the temperature, pulse,
etc. In this sense it is often called <xex>physical
sign</xex>.</note>
<sd>(m)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Any character, as a flat,
sharp, dot, etc.</def> <sd>(n)</sd> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>That
which, being external, stands for, or signifies, something
internal or spiritual; -- a term used in the Church of England in
speaking of an ordinance considered with reference to that which
it represents</def>.
<q>An outward and visible <qex>sign</qex> of an inward and
spiritual grace.</q>
<qau>Bk. of Common Prayer.</qau>
<note><hand/ See the Table of <er>Arbitrary Signs</er>, p.
1924.</note>
<cs><col>Sign manual</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>
<cd>The royal signature superscribed at the top of bills of
grants and letter patent, which are then sealed with the privy
signet or great seal, as the case may be, to complete their
validity</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The signature of one's name in
one's own handwriting.</cd> <au>Craig. Tomlins.
Wharton.</au></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Token; mark; note; symptom; indication; signal;
symbol; type; omen; prognostic; presage; manifestation. See
<er>Emblem</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sign</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Signed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Signing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>seinen</ets> to bless, originally, to make the
sign of the cross over; in this sense fr. ASS. <ets>segnian</ets>
(from <ets>segn</ets>, n.), or OF. <ets>seignier</ets>, F.
<ets>signer</ets>, to mark, to sign (in sense 3), fr. L.
<ets>signare</ets> to mark, set a mark upon, from
<ets>signum</ets>. See <er>Sign</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To represent by a sign; to make known in a
typical or emblematic manner, in distinction from speech; to
signify.</def>
<q>I <qex>signed</qex> to Browne to make his retreat.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a sign upon; to mark with a sign.</def>
<q>We receive this child into the congregation of Christ's flock,
and do <qex>sign</qex> him with the sign of the cross.</q>
<qau>Bk. of Com Prayer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To affix a signature to; to ratify by hand or
seal; to subscribe in one's own handwriting.</def>
<q>Inquire the Jew's house out, give him this deed,
And let him <qex>sign</qex> it.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To assign or convey formally; -- used with
<xex>away</xex>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To mark; to make distinguishable.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sign</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
be a sign or omen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a sign or signal; to communicate
directions or intelligence by signs.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To write one's name, esp. as a token of assent,
responsibility, or obligation.</def>
<-- 4. to communicate in sign language (subtype of 3) -->
<hw>Sign"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suitable to
be signed; requiring signature; <as>as, a legal document
<ex>signable</ex> by a particular person</as>.</def>
<hw>Sig"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. LL.
<ets>signale</ets>, fr. L. <ets>signum</ets>. See <er>Sign</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sign made for the purpose
of giving notice to a person of some occurence, command, or
danger; also, a sign, event, or watchword, which has been agreed
upon as the occasion of concerted action.</def>
<q>All obeyed
The wonted <qex>signal</qex> and superior voice
Of this great potentate.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A token; an indication; a foreshadowing; a
sign.</def>
<q>The weary sun . . .
Gives <qex>signal</qex> of a goodly day to-morrow.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>There was not the least <qex>signal</qex> of the calamity to
be seen.</q>
<qau>De Foc.</qau>
<hw>Sig"nal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <ets>signal</ets>, n.:
cf. F. <ets>signal\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Noticeable;
distinguished from what is ordinary; eminent; remarkable;
memorable; <as>as, a <ex>signal</ex> exploit; a <ex>signal</ex>
service; a <ex>signal</ex> act of benevolence</as>.</def>
<q>As <qex>signal</qex> now in low, dejected state
As erst in highest, behold him where he lies.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to signals, or the use of
signals in conveying information; <as>as, a <ex>signal</ex> flag
or officer</as>.</def>
<cs><col>The signal service</col>, <cd>a bureau of the government
(in the United States connected with the War Department)
organized to collect from the whole country simultaneous raports
of local meteorological conditions, upon comparison of which at
the central office, predictions concerning the weather are
telegraphed to various sections, where they are made known by
signals publicly displayed.</cd> -- <col>Signal station</col>,
<cd>the place where a signal is displayed; specifically, an
observation office of the signal service.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Eminent; remarkable; memorable; extraordinary;
notable; conspicuous.</syn>
<hw>Sig"nal</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Signaled <pr>(<?/)</pr> or Signalled</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Signaling</er> or
<er>Signalling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To communicate
by signals; <as>as, to <ex>signal</ex> orders</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To notify by a signals; to make a signal or
signals to; <as>as, to <ex>signal</ex> a fleet to
anchor</as>.</def>
<au>M. Arnold.</au>
<hw>Sig"nal*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes signals;
one who communicates intelligence by means of signals.</def>
<hw>Sig*nal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being signal or remarkable.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sig"nal*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Signalized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Signalizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Signal</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make signal or eminent;
to render distinguished from what is common; to
distinguish.</def>
<q>It is this passion which drives men to all the ways we see in
use of <qex>signalizing</qex> themselves.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To communicate with by means of a signal;
<as>as, a ship <ex>signalizes</ex> its consort</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To indicate the existence, presence, or fact of,
by a signal; <as>as, to <ex>signalize</ex> the arrival of a
steamer</as>.</def>
<hw>Sig"nal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a signal manner;
eminently.</def>
<hw>Sig"nal*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-men</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man whose business
is to manage or display signals; especially, one employed in
setting the signals by which railroad trains are run or
warned.</def>
<hw>Sig"nal*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
signaling, or of signalizing; hence, description by peculiar,
appropriate, or characteristic marks.</def>
<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>
<hw>Sig"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>signatus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Sign</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having definite color
markings.</def>
<hw>Sig*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>signatio</ets>. See <er>Sign</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<def>Sign given; marking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sig"na*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>signatorius</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to a
seal; used in sealing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Signing; joining or sharing in a signature;
<as>as, <ex>signatory</ex> powers</as>.</def>
<hw>Sig"na*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A signer; one who signs or subscribes;
<as>as, a conference of <ex>signatories</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sig"na*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. (cf.
It. <ets>signatura</ets>, <ets>segnatura</ets>, Sp. & LL.
<ets>signatura</ets>), from L. <ets>signare</ets>,
<ets>signatum</ets>. See <er>Sign</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sign, stamp, or mark impressed, as by a
seal.</def>
<q>The brain, being well furnished with various traces,
<qex>signatures</qex>, and images.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<q>The natural and indelible <qex>signature</qex> of God, which
human souls . . . are supposed to be stamped with.</q>
<qau>Bentley.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, the name of any person, written with
his own hand, employed to signify that the writing which precedes
accords with his wishes or intentions; a sign manual; an
autograph.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An outward mark by which
internal characteristics were supposed to be indicated.</def>
<q>Some plants bear a very evident <qex>signature</qex> of their
nature and use.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Old Med.)</fld> <def>A resemblance between the
external characters of a disease and those of some physical
agent, for instance, that existing between the red skin of
scarlet fever and a red cloth; -- supposed to indicate this agent
in the treatment of the disease.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The designation of the key
(when not C major, or its relative, A minor) by means of one or
more sharps or flats at the beginning of the staff, immediately
after the clef, affecting all notes of the same letter throughout
the piece or movement. Each minor key has the same signature as
its relative major.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A letter or
figure placed at the bottom of the first page of each sheet of a
book or pamphlet, as a direction to the binder in arranging and
folding the sheets.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The printed sheet so
marked, or the form from which it is printed; <as>as, to reprint
one or more <ex>signatures</ex></as>.</def>
<note><hand/ Star signatures (as A*, 1*) are the same characters,
with the addition of asterisks, used on the first pages of
offcuts, as in 12mo sheets.</note>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Pharm.)</fld> <def>That part of a prescription
which contains the directions to the patient. It is usually
prefaced by <it>S</it> or <it>Sig.</it> (an abbreviation for the
Latin <it>signa</it>, imperative of <it>signare</it> to sign or
mark).</def>
<hw>Sig"na*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mark
with, or as with, a signature or signatures.</def>
<hw>Sig"na*tur`ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
holds to the doctrine of signatures impressed upon objects,
indicative of character or qualities.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sign"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A board,
placed on or before a shop, office, etc., on which ssome notice
is given, as the name of a firm, of a business, or the
like.</def>
<hw>Sign"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who signs
or subscribes his name; <as>as, a memorial with a hundred
<ex>signers</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sig"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>signet</ets> a signet, F., a bookmark, dim. of
<ets>signe</ets>. See <er>Sign</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Sennet</er>.]</ety> <def>A seal; especially, in England, the
seal used by the sovereign in sealing private letters and grants
that pass by bill under the sign manual; -- called also
<altname>privy signet</altname>.</def>
<q>I had my father's <qex>signet</qex> in my purse.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>Signet ring</col>, <cd>a ring containing a signet or
private seal.</cd> -- <col>Writer to the signet</col> <fld>(Scots
Law)</fld>, <cd>a judicial officer who prepares warrants, writs,
etc.; originally, a clerk in the office of the secretary of
state.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sig"net*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stamped or marked with a
signet.</def>
<hw>Sig"ni*fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L., from
<ets>signum</ets> sign + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety>
<def>Bearing signs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe
<xex>signifer</xex> sphere, or zodiac.\'b8
<au>Holland.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sig*nif"i*cance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sig*nif"i*can*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>significantia</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
quality or state of being significant.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is signified; meaning; import;
<as>as, the <ex>significance</ex> of a nod, of a motion of the
hand, or of a word or expression</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Importance; moment; weight; consequence.</def>
<q>With this brain I must work, in order to give
<qex>significancy</qex> and value to the few facts which I
possess.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Sig*nif"i*cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>significans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>significare</ets>. See <er>Signify</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Fitted or designed to signify or make known somethingl
having a meaning; standing as a sign or token; expressive or
suggestive; <as>as, a <ex>significant</ex> word or sound; a
<ex>significant</ex> look</as>.</def>
<q>It was well said of Plotinus, that the stars were
<qex>significant</qex>, but not efficient.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Deserving to be considered; important;
momentous; <as>as, a <ex>significant</ex> event</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Significant figures</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the
figures which remain to any number, or decimal fraction, after
the ciphers at the right or left are canceled. <as>Thus, the
<ex>significant figures<ex> of 25,000, or of .0025, are
25</as>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sig*nif"i*cant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which has
significance; a sign; a token; a symbol.</def>
<au>Wordsworth.</au>
<q>In dumb <qex>significants</qex> proclaim your thoughts.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sig*nif"i*cant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a significant
manner.</def>
<hw>Sig*nif"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>significatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>significare</ets>. See
<er>Signify</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>One of several
things signified by a common term.</def>
<au>Whately.</au>
<hw>Sig`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>signification</ets>, L. <ets>significatio</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of signifying; a making known by signs
or other means.</def>
<q>A <qex>signification</qex> of being pleased.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<q>All speaking or <qex>signification</qex> of one's mind implies
an act or addres of one man to another.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is signified or made known; that
meaning which a sign, character, or token is intended to convey;
<as>as, the <ex>signification</ex> of words</as>.</def>
<hw>Sig*nif"i*ca*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>significativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>significatif</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Betokening or representing by an external
sign.</def>
<q>The holy symbols or signs are not barely
<qex>significative</qex>.</q>
<qau>Brerewood.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having signification or meaning; expressive of a
meaning or purpose; significant.</def>
<q>Neither in the degrees of kindred they were destitute of
<qex>significative</qex> words.</q>
<qau>Camden.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sig*nif"i*ca*tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sig*nif"i*ca*tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sig"ni*fi*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>significateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which,
signifies.</def>
<q>In this diagram there was one <qex>significator</qex> which
pressed remarkably upon our astrologer's attention.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Sig*nif"i*ca*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>significatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Significant.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is
significatory.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Sig`ni*fi*ca"vit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L., (he) has signified, perf. ind. of
<ets>significare</ets> to signify.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Eccl.
Law)</fld> <def>Formerly, a writ issuing out of chancery, upon
certificate given by the ordinary, of a man's standing
excommunicate by the space of forty days, for the laying him up
in prison till he submit himself to the authority of the
church.</def>
<au>Crabb.</au>
<hw>Sig"ni*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Signified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Signifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>signifier</ets>, L.
<ets>significare</ets>; <ets>signum</ets> a sign +
<ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Sign</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To show
by a sign; to communicate by any conventional token, as words,
gestures, signals, or the like; to announce; to make known; to
declare; to express; <as>as, a <ex>signified</ex> his desire to
be present</as>.</def>
<q>I 'll to the king; and <qex>signify</qex> to him
That thus I have resign'd my charge to you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The government should <qex>signify</qex> to the Protestants of
Ireland that want of silver is not to be remedied.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mean; to import; to denote; to betoken.</def>
<q>He bade her tell him what it <qex>signified</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>A tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
<qex>Signifying</qex> nothing.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Signify</xex> is often used impersonally; as,
it <xex>signifies</xex> nothing, it does not <xex>signify</xex>,
that is, it is of no importance.</note>
<syn>Syn. -- To express; manifest; declare; utter; intimate;
betoken; denote; imply; mean.</syn>
<hw>Sign"ior</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sir; Mr. The
English form and pronunciation for the Italian <xex>Signor</xex>
and the Spanish <xex>Se\'a4or</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sign"ior*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Seigniorize</er>.]</ety> <def>To exercise dominion over; to
lord it over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shelton.</au>
<-- p. 1340 -->
<-- p. 1340 -->
<hw>Sign"ior*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
exercise dominion; to signiorize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hewyt.</au>
<hw>Sign"ior*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State or position of a
signior.</def>
<hw>Sign"ior*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Seigniory</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Si*gnor"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Si*gno"re</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. See
<er>Seignior</er>.]</ety> <def>Sir; Mr; -- a title of address or
respect among the Italians. Before a noun the form is
<xex>Signor</xex>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si*gno"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>Madam; Mrs; -- a title of address or
respect among the Italians.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si`gno*ri"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>Miss; -- a title of address among the
Italians.</def>
<hw>Sign"post`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A post on
which a sign hangs, or on which papers are placed to give public
notice of anything.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Such. See <er>Such</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Sike</xex> fancies weren
foolerie.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>s\'c6c</ets>. Cf. <er>Sig</er>.]</ety> <def>A gutter; a
stream, such as is usually dry in summer.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.
& Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sike</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sick</er>.]</ety>
<def>A sick person.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sike</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To sigh.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>That for his wife weepeth and <qex>siketh</qex> sore.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sike</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sigh.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sik"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos>,
<hw>Sik"er*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>, <hw>Sik"er*ness</hw>,
<pos>n.</pos>, etc.}</mhw> <def>See 2d <er>Sicker</er>,
<er>Sickerly</er>, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sikhs</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.
<singw>Sikh</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>. <ety>[Hind.
<ets>Sikh</ets>, properly, a disciple.]</ety> <def>A religious
sect noted for warlike traits, founded in the Punjab at the end
of the 15th century.</def>
<hw>Si"lage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>Short for
<er>Ensilage</er>.</def>
<hw>Sile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Akin to Sw.
<ets>sila</ets> to strain, <ets>sil</ets> sieve, G.
<ets>sielen</ets> to draw away or lead off water.
<root/151<it>a.</it> See <er>Silt</er>.]</ety> <def>To strain,
as fresh milk.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sile</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To drop; to flow; to
fall.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sile</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sieve with fine
meshes.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Filth; sediment.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Sile</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>s\'c6ld</ets>
herring; akin to Sw. <ets>sill</ets>, Dan. <ets>sild</ets>. Cf.
<er>Sill</er> the young of a herring.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young or small herring.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<au>Pennant.</au>
<hw>Si"lence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>silentium</ets>. See <er>Silent</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being silent; entire absence of
sound or noise; absolute stillness.</def>
<q>I saw and heared; for such a numerous host
Fled not in <qex>silence</qex> through the frighted deep.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Forbearance from, or absence of, speech;
taciturnity; muteness.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Secrecy; <as>as, these things were transacted in
<ex>silence</ex></as>.</def>
<q>The administration itself keeps a profound
<qex>silence</qex>.</q>
<qau>D. Webster.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The cessation of rage, agitation, or tumilt;
calmness; quiest; <as>as, the elements were reduced to
<ex>silence</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Absence of mention; oblivion.</def>
<q>And what most merits fame, in <qex>silence</qex> hid.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Si"lence</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Be silent; -- used
elliptically for <xex>let there be silence</xex>, or <xex>keep
silence</xex>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Si"lence</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Silenced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Silencing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To compel to silence; to cause to be still; to
still; to hush.</def>
<q><qex>Silence</qex> that dreadful bell; it frights the
isle.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put to rest; to quiet.</def>
<q>This would <qex>silence</qex> all further opposition.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>
<q>These would have <qex>silenced</qex> their scruples.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To restrain from the exercise of any function,
privilege of instruction, or the like, especially from the act of
preaching; <as>as, to <ex>silence</ex> a minister of the
gospel</as>.</def>
<q>The Rev. Thomas Hooker of Chelmsford, in Essex, was
<qex>silenced</qex> for nonconformity.</q>
<qau>B. Trumbull.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to cease firing, as by a vigorous
cannonade; <as>as, to <ex>silence</ex> the batteries of an
enemy</as>.</def>
<hw>Si*le"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L.
<ets>Silenus</ets>, the attendant of Bacchus.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of caryophyllaceous plants,
usually covered with a viscid secretion by which insects are
caught; catchfly.</def>
<cs><col>Bon Sil\'8ane</col>. <cd>See <er>Sil\'8ane</er>, in the
Vocabulary.</cd></cs>
<hw>Si"lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>silens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>silere</ets>
to be silent; akin to Goth. ana-silan.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Free from sound or noise; absolutely still; perfectly
quiet.</def>
<q>How <qex>silent</qex> is this town!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not speaking; indisposed to talk; speechless;
mute; taciturn; not loquacious; not talkative.</def>
<q>Ulysses, adds he, was the most eloquent and most
<qex>silent</qex> of men.</q>
<qau>Broome.</qau>
<q>This new-created world, whereof in hell
Fame is not <qex>silent</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Keeping at rest; inactive; calm; undisturbed;
<as>as, the wind is <ex>silent</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Parnell. Sir W. Raleigh.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Pron.)</fld> <def>Not pronounced; having no
sound; quiescent; <as>as, <ex>e</ex> is <ex>silent</ex> in</def>
\'bdfable</as>.\'b8
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Having no effect; not operating;
inefficient.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Cause . . . <qex>silent</qex>, virtueless, and dead.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<cs><col>Silent partner</col>. <cd>See <xex>Dormant partner<xex>,
under <er>Dormant</er>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Mute; taciturn; dumb; speechless; quiet; still. See
<er>Mute</er>, and <er>Taciturn</er>.</syn>
<hw>Si"lent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is silent; a time
of silence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>silent</xex> of
the night.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Si*len"ti*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>silentiarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>silenciaire</ets>. See
<er>Silence</er>.]</ety> <def>One appointed to keep silence and
order in court; also, one sworn not to divulge secre<?/ of
state.</def>
<hw>Si*len"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>silentiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>silencieux</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Habitually silent; taciturn; reticent.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Si"lent*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
silent manner.</def>
<hw>Si"lent*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being silent;
silence.</def>
<hw>Si*le"nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Silenus</ets> the tutor and attendant of Bacchus.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Wanderoo</er>.</def>
<hw>Si*le"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A kind of linen cloth, originally made in
<xex>Silesia</xex>, a province of Prussia.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A twilled cotton fabric, used for dress
linings.</def>
<hw>Si*le"si*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Silesia.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native
or inhabitant of Silesia.</def></def2>
<hw>Si"lex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a finit, a
pebblestone.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Silica,
<chform>SiO2</chform> as found in nature, constituting quarz, and
most sands and sandstones. See <er>Silica</er>, and
<er>Silicic</er>.</def>
<hw>Sil`hou*ette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.; --
so called from Etienne de <ets>Silhoutte</ets>, a French minister
of finance in 1759, whise diversion it was to make such portraits
on the walls of his apartments.]</ety> <def>A representation of
the outlines of an object filled in with a black color; a profile
portrait in black, such as a shadow appears to be.</def>
<hw>Sil`hou*ette"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To represent by a
silhouette; to project upon a background, so as to be like a
silhouette.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>
<q>A flock of roasting vultures <qex>silhouetted</qex> on the
sky.</q>
<qau>The Century.</qau>
<hw>Sil"i*ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from L.
<ets>silex</ets>, <ets>silics</ets>, a flint.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Silicon dioxide, SiO<?/. It constitutes
ordinary quartz (also opal and tridymite), and is artifically
prepared as a very fine, white, tasteless, inodorous
powder.</def>
<hw>Sil"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>silicate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of
silicic acid.</def>
<note><hand/ In mineralogical chemistry the silicates include;
the <xex>unisilicates</xex> or <xex>orthosilicates</xex>, salts
of orthosilicic acid; the <xex>bisilicates</xex> or
<xex>metasilicates</xex>, salts of metasilicic acid; the
<xex>polysilicates</xex> or <xex>acid silicates</xex>, salts of
the polysilicic acids; the <xex>basic silicates</xex> or
<xex>subsilicates</xex>, in which the equivalent of base is
greater than would be required to neutralize the acid; and the
<xex>hydrous silicates</xex>, including the zeolites and many
hydrated decomposition products.</note>
<hw>Sil"i*ca`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined or impregnated with silicon or
silica; <as>as, <ex>silicated</ex> hydrogen; <ex>silicated</ex>
rocks</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Silicated soap</col>, <cd>a hard soap containing
silicate of soda.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sil`i*ca*ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Silicification.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si*lic"e*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Silicoidea</er>.</def>
<hw>Si*li"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>siliceus</ets>, fr. <ets>silex</ets>, <ets>silicis</ets>, a
flint.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to silica; containing silica,
or partaking of its nature.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>silisious</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Si*lic"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>silex</ets>, <ets>silicis</ets>, a flint: cf. F.
<ets>silicique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining
to, derived from, or resembling, silica; specifically,
designating compounds of silicon; <as>as, <ex>silicic</ex>
acid</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Silicic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an amorphous
gelatinous substance, <chform>Si(HO)4</chform>, very unstable and
easily dried to silica, but forming many stable salts; -- called
also <altname>orthosilicic, <or/ normal silicic,
acid</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Si*lic`i*cal*ca"re*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Consisting of silica and calcareous matter.</def>
<hw>Sil"i*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of silicon, or one
regarded as binary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<cs><col>Hydrogen silicide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a
colorless, spontaneously inflammable gas, <chform>SiH4</chform>,
produced artifically from silicon, and analogous to methane; --
called also <altname>silico-methane</altname>, <altname>silicon
hydride</altname>, and formerly <altname>siliciureted
hydrogen</altname>.</cd></cs><-- now called silane, silicon
hydride, or silicane. The term silane is used as the theoretical
parent compound of a large series of derivatives in which one or
more of the hydrogens are substituted; the term is also used
generically to refer to any one of a large series of silicon
compounds, including a series containing silicon-silicon bonds,
analogous to the compounds containing carbon. -->
<hw>Sil`i*cif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>silex</ets>, <ets>silicis</ets>, a flint +
<ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing silica; united with
silica.</def>
<hw>Si*lic`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Silicify</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Thae
act or process of combining or impregnating with silicon or
silica; the state of being so combined or impregnated; <as>as,
the <ex>silicification</ex> of wood</as>.</def>
<hw>Si*lic"i*fied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined or impregnated with silicon or
silica, especially the latter; <as>as, <ex>silicified</ex>
wood</as>.</def>
<hw>Si*lic"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Silicified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Silicifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>silex</ets>,
<ets>silicis</ets>, a flint + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>silicifier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To convert
into, or to impregnate with, silica, or with the compounds of
silicon.</def>
<q>The specimens found . . . are completely
<qex>silicified</qex>.</q>
<qau>Say.</qau>
<note><hand/ The silica may take the form of agate, chalcedony,
flint, hornstone, or crystalline quartz.</note>
<hw>Si*lic"i*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become converted
into silica, or to be impregnated with silica.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sil`i*ci*oi"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Silicoidea</er>.</def>
<hw>Si*li"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Siliceous</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sil`i*ci*spon"gi*\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.
pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Silex</er>, and
<er>Sponge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Silicoidea</er>.</def>
<hw>Si*lic"it*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Silicified.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Si*lic"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Silicon</er>.</def>
<hw>Si*lic"i*u*ret`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>siliciuretted</asp>.]</altsp>
<fld>(Old. Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined or impregnated with
silicon.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>
<cs><col>Siliciureted hydrogen</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<cd>Hydrogen silicide. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>
<hw>Sil"i*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>silicula</ets>, dim. of <ets>siliqua</ets> a pod or husk:
cf. F. <ets>silicule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A seed
vessel resembling a silique, but about as broad as it is long.
See <er>Silique</er>.</def>
<hw>Sil"i*co-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
combining form (also used adjectively) denoting <xex>the presence
of silicon</xex> or <xex>its compounds</xex>; <as>as,
<ex>silico</ex>benzoic, <ex>silico</ex>fluoride, etc.</as></def>
<hw>Sil`i*co*flu*or"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing, or composed of, silicon and
fluorine; especially, denoting the compounds called
<xex>silicofluorides</xex>.</def>
<cs><col>Silicofluoric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a
compound of hydrofluoric acid and silicon fluoride, known only in
watery solution. It is produced by the action of silicon fluoride
on water, and is regarded as an acid, <chform>H2SiF6</chform>,
and the type and origin of the silicofluorides.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sil`i*co*flu"or*ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A fluosilicate; a salt of silicofluoric
acid.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sil`i*coi"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Silex</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive order of Porifera, which
includes those that have the skeleton composed mainly of
siliceous fibers or spicules.</def>
<hw>Sil"i*con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Silica</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nonmetalic
element analogous to carbon. It always occurs combined in nature,
and is artificially obtained in the free state, usually as a dark
brown amorphous powder, or as a dark crystalline substance with a
meetallic luster. Its oxide is silica, or common quartz, and in
this form, or as silicates, it is, next to oxygen, the most
abundant element of the earth's crust. Silicon is
characteristically the element of the mineral kingdom, as carbon
is of the organic world. Symbol Si. Atomic weight 28. Called also
<altname>silicium</altname>.</def>
<-- it is used as the basis for the most common type of
transistors, in the form of a highly purified silicon impregnated
with small quantities of imourities such as phosphorus or
antimony, giving it special semiconductor properties. In this
application, it forms the primary basis for the modern
(post-1970) electronics industry, with integrated circuits
containing millions of electronic componnets being imprinted by
special processes on silicon chips less than one inch in
diameter. -->
<hw>Sil`i*co*tung"stic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, any
one of a series of double acids of silicon and tungsten, known in
the free state, and also in their salts (called
<xex>silicotungstates</xex>).</def>
<hw>\'d8Si*lic"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A silicle.</def>
<hw>Sil"i*cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A silicle.</def>
<hw>Si*lic"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>siliculosus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>silicula</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>siliculeux</ets>. See <er>Silicle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing silicles; pertaining to, or
resembling, silicles.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full of, or consisting of, husks; husky.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Si*lig"i*nose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>siligineus</ets>, fr. <ets>siligo</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>,
fine and very white wheat.]</ety> <def>Made of fine wheat.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Sil"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Sile</er> to strain.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.Eng.]</mark>
<cs><col>Siling dish</col>, <cd>a colander.</cd> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Sil"i*qua</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Siliqu\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See
<er>Silique</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same
as <er>Silique</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A weight of four grains; a carat; -- a term used
by jewelers, and refiners of gold.</def>
<hw>Sil"ique</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>siliqua</ets> a pod or husk, a very small weight or measure:
cf. F. <ets>silique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An
oblong or elongated seed vessel, consisting of two valves with a
dissepiment between, and opening by sutures at either margin. The
seeds are attached to both edges of the dissepiment, alternately
upon each side of it.</def>
<hw>Sil"i*qyi*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Silique</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>siliquiforme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the
form of a silique.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sil`i*quo"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Siliquose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
Linn\'91an order of plants including those which bear
siliques.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sil"i*quose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sil"i*quous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>siliquosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>siliqueux</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing siliques; <as>as,
<ex>siliquose</ex> plants</as>; pertaining to, or resembling,
siliques; <as>as, <ex>siliquose</ex> capsules</as>.</def>
<hw>Silk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>silk</ets>, <ets>selk</ets>, AS. <ets>seolc</ets>,
<ets>seoloc</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>silki</ets>, SW. & Dan.
<ets>silke</ets>; prob. through Slavic from an Oriental source;
cf. Lith. <ets>szilkai</ets>, Russ. <ets>shelk'</ets>, and also
L. <ets>sericum</ets> Seric stuff, silk. Cf. <er>Sericeous</er>.
<er>Serge</er> a woolen stuff.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The fine,
soft thread produced by various species of caterpillars in
forming the cocoons within which the worm is inclosed during the
pupa state, especially that produced by the larv\'91 of
<spn>Bombyx mori</spn>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, thread spun, or cloth woven, from the
above-named material.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which resembles silk, as the filiform
styles of the female flower of maize.</def>
<cs><col>Raw silk</col>, <cd>silk as it is wound off from the
cocoons, and before it is manufactured.</cd> -- <col>Silk
cotton</col>, <cd>a cottony substance enveloping the seeds of the
silk-cotton tree.</cd> -- <col>Silk-cotton tree</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name for several tropical trees of the
genera <spn>Bombax</spn> and <spn>Eriodendron</spn>, and
belonging to the order <spn>Bombace\'91</spn>. The trees grow to
an immense size, and have their seeds enveloped in a cottony
substance, which is used for stuffing cushions, but can not be
spun.</cd> -- <col>Silk flower</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The silk tree</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A similar
tree (<spn>Calliandra trinervia</spn>) of Peru.</cd> -- <col>Silk
fowl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a breed of domestic fowls
having silky plumage.</cd> -- <col>Silk gland</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a gland which secretes the material of
silk, as in spider or a silkworm; a sericterium.</cd> --
<col>Silk gown</col>, <cd>the distinctive robe of a barrister who
has been appointed king's or queen's counsel; hence, the counsel
himself. Such a one has precedence over mere barristers, who wear
<xex>stuff gowns</xex>.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Silk
grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of grass (<spn>Stipa
comata</spn>) of the Western United States, which has very long
silky awns. The name is also sometimes given to various species
of the genera <spn>Aqave</spn> and <spn>Yucca</spn>.</cd> --
<col>Silk moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the adult moth of
any silkworm. See <er>Silkworm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Silk
shag</col>, <cd>a coarse, rough-woven silk, like plush, but with
a stiffer nap.</cd> -- <col>Silk spider</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large spider (<spn>Nephila
plumipes</spn>), native of the Southern United States, remarkable
for the large quantity of strong silk it produces and for the
great disparity in the sizes of the sexes.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Silk thrower</col>, <col>Silk throwster</col></mcol>,
<cd>one who twists or spins silk, and prepares it for weaving.
<au>Brande & C.</au></cd> -- <col>Silk tree</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an Asiatic leguminous tree (<spn>Albizzia
Julibrissin</spn>) with finely bipinnate leaves, and large flat
pods; -- so called because of the abundant long silky stamens of
its blossoms. Also called <altname>silk flower</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Silk vessel</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<cref>Silk gland</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Virginia silk</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing plant (<spn>Periploca
Gr<ae/ca</spn>) of the Milkweed family, having a silky tuft on
the seeds. It is native in Southern Europe.</cd></cs>
<hw>Silk"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>seolcen</ets>, <ets>seolocen</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to silk; made of, or resembling, silk;
<as>as, <ex>silken</ex> cloth; a <ex>silken</ex> veil</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Soft; delicate; tender; smooth; <as>as,
<ex>silken</ex> language</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Silken</xex> terms
precise.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Dressed in silk.</def> \'bdA . . .
<xex>silken</xex> wanton.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Silk"en</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To render silken or
silklike.</def>
<au>Dyer.</au>
<hw>Silk"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The quality or state of being silky or silken; softness and
smoothness.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Effeminacy; weakness.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Silk"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Silkmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A dealer in silks;
a silk mercer.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<-- p. 1341 -->
<hw>Silk"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Silkiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Silk"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Any plant of the genera <spn>Asclepias</spn> and
<spn>Acerates</spn> whose seed vessels contain a long, silky
down; milkweed.</def>
<hw>Silk"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>seolcwyrm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva
of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths, which spins a
large amount of strong silk in constructing its cocoon before
changing to a pupa.</def>
<note><hand/ The common species (<spn>Bombyx mori</spn>) feeds
onm the leaves of the white mulberry tree. It is native of China,
but has long been introduced into other countries of Asia and
Europe, and is reared on a large scale. In America it is reared
only to small extent. The Ailanthus silkworm (<spn>Philosamia
cynthia</spn>) is a much larger species, of considerable
importance, which has been introduced into Europe and America
from China. The most useful American species is the Polyphemus.
See <er>Polyphemus</er>.</note>
<cs><col>Pernyi silkworm</col>, <cd>the larva of the Pernyi moth.
See <er>Pernyi moth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Silkworm gut</col>, <cd>a
substance prepared from the contents of the silk glands of
silkworms and used in making lines for angling. See
<er>Gut</er>.</cd> -- <col>Silkworm rot</col>, <cd>a disease of
silkworms; muscardine.</cd></cs>
<hw>Silk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Silkier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Silkiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to silk; made of, or resembling, silk;
silken; silklike; <as>as, a <ex>silky</ex> luster</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, soft and smooth; <as>as, <ex>silky</ex>
wine</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Covered with soft hairs pressed close to the
surface, as a leaf; sericeous.</def>
<cs><col>Silky oak</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a lofty
Australian tree (<spn>Grevillea robusta</spn>) with silky
tomentose lobed or incised leaves. It furnishes a valuable
timber.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sille</ets>, <ets>sylle</ets>, AS. <ets>syl</ets>,
<ets>syll</ets>; akin to G. <ets>schwelle</ets>, OHG.
<ets>swelli</ets>, Icel. <ets>syll</ets>, <ets>svill</ets>, Sw.
<ets>syll</ets>, Dan. <ets>syld</ets>, Goth. <ets>gasuljan</ets>
to lay a foundation, to found.]</ety> <def>The basis or
foundation of a thing; especially, a horizontal piece, as a
timber, which forms the lower member of a frame, or supports a
structure; <as>as, the <ex>sills</ex> of a house, of a bridge, of
a loom, and the like</as>.</def> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
timber or stone at the foot of a door; the threshold.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The timber or stone on which a window frame
stands; or, the lowest piece in a window frame.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The floor of a gallery or passage in a
mine.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A piece of timber across the bottom
of a canal lock for the gates to shut against.</def>
<cs><col>Sill course</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a horizontal
course of stone, terra cotta, or the like, built into a wall at
the level of one or more window sills, these sills often forming
part of it.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Thill</er>.]</ety>
<def>The shaft or thill of a carriage.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. 4th <er>Sile</er>.]</ety>
<def>A young herring.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sil"la*bub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<ets>sile</ets> to strain, and <ets>bub</ets> liquor, also Prov.
E. <ets>sillibauk</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dish made by mixing wine
or cider with milk, and thus forming a soft curd; also, sweetened
cream, flavored with wine and beaten to a stiff froth.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>syllabub</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sil"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Silver.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sil"li*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Silly</er>.]</ety> <def>In a silly manner; foolishly.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Sil"li*man*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[After
Benjamin <ets>Siliman</ets>, an American meneralogist.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Fibrolite</er>.</def>
<hw>Sil"li*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being silly.</def>
<hw>Sil"lock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pollock, or coalfish.</def>
<hw>Sil"lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a
furrow.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work raised in the
middle of a wide ditch, to defend it.</def>
<au>Crabb.</au>
<hw>Sil"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Sillier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Silliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>seely</ets>,
<ets>sely</ets>, AS. <ets>s<?/lig</ets>, ge<ets>s<?/lig</ets>,
happy, good, fr. <ets>s<?/l</ets>, <ets>s<?/l</ets>, good, happy,
<ets>s<?/l</ets> good fortune, happines; akin to OS.
<ets>s\'belig</ets>, a, good, happy, D. <ets>zalig</ets> blessed,
G. <ets>selig</ets>, OHG. <ets>s\'bel\'c6g</ets>, Icel.
<ets>s<?/l</ets>, Sw. <ets>s\'84ll</ets>, Dan. <ets>salig</ets>,
Goth. <ets>s<?/ls</ets> good, kind, and perh. also to L.
<ets>sollus</ets> whole, entire, Gr. <?/<?/<?/, Skr.
<ets>sarva</ets>. Cf. <er>Seel</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Happy; fortunate; blessed.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Harmless; innocent; inoffensive.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThis <xex>silly</xex>, innocent
Custance.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>The <qex>silly</qex> virgin strove him to withstand.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>A <qex>silly</qex>, innocent hare murdered of a dog.</q>
<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Weak; helpless; frail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>After long storms . . .
With which my <qex>silly</qex> bark was tossed sore.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>The <qex>silly</qex> buckets on the deck.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Rustic; plain; simple; humble.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A fourth man, in a <qex>silly</qex>habit.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>All that did their <qex>silly</qex> thoughts so busy keep.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Weak in intellect; destitute of ordinary
strength of mind; foolish; witless; simple; <as>as, a
<ex>silly</ex> woman</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Proceeding from want of understanding or common
judgment; characterized by weakness or folly; unwise; absurd;
stupid; <as>as, <ex>silly</ex> conduct; a <ex>silly</ex>
question</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Simple; brainless; witless; shallow; foolish;
unwise; indiscreet. See <er>Simple</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sil"ly*how</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.
<ets>silly-hew</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>s<aemac/lig</ets> happy, good,
and <ets>h<umac/fe</ets> a cap, hood. See <er>Silly</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A caul. See <er>Caul</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Si"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A
pit or vat for packing away green fodder for winter use so as to
exclude air and outside moisture. See <er>Ensilage</er>.</def>
<hw>Silt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>silte</ets> gravel, fr. <ets>silen</ets> to drain, E.
<ets>sile</ets>; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Sw.
<ets>sila</ets>, prob. akin to AS. <ets>se\'a2n</ets> to filter,
<ets>s\'c6gan</ets> to fall, sink, cause to sink, G.
<ets>seihen</ets> to strain, to filter, OHG. <ets>sihan</ets>,
Icel.<ets>s</ets>\'c6<ets>a</ets>, Skr. <ets>sic</ets> to pour;
cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ moisture. Cf. <er>Sig</er>,
<er>Sile</er>.]</ety> <def>Mud or fine earth deposited from
running or standing water.</def>
<hw>Silt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Silted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Silting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To choke, fill, or obstruct
with silt or mud.</def>
<hw>Silt</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To flow through crevices; to
percolate.</def>
<hw>Silt"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of silt;
resembling silt.</def>
<hw>Si*lure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>silurus</ets> a sort of river fish, Gr. <?/<?/<?/: cf. F.
<ets>silure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of
the genus <spn>Silurus</spn>, as the sheatfish; a siluroid.</def>
<hw>Si*lu"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From L.
<ets>Silures</ets>, a people who anciently inhabited a part of
England and Wales.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to the country of the ancient Silures; -- a term
applied to the earliest of the Paleozoic eras, and also to the
strata of the era, because most plainly developed in that
country.</def>
<note><hand/ The Silurian formation, so named by Murchison, is
divided into the <xex>Upper Silurian</xex> and <xex>Lower
Silurian</xex>. The lower part of the Lower Silurian, with some
underlying beds, is now separated under the name
<xex>Cambrian</xex>, first given by Sedwick. Recently the term
<xex>Ordovician</xex> has been proposed for the Lower Silurian,
leawing the original word to apply only to the Upper
Silurian.</note>
<hw>Si*lu"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The Silurian age.</def>
<hw>Si*lu"ri*dan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any fish of the family
<xex>Silurid<?/</xex> or of the order Siluroidei.</def>
<hw>Si*lu"roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Silurus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Siluroidei, or
Nematognathi, an order of fishes including numerous species,
among which are the American catfishes and numerous allied
fresh-water species of the Old World, as the sheatfish
(<spn>Silurus glanis</spn>) of Europe.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A siluroid fish.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Sil`u*roi"de*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes,
the Nematognathi.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si*lu"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See
<er>Silure</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of
large malacopterygious fishes of the order Siluroidei. They
inhabit the inland waters of Europe and Asia.</def>
<hw>Sil"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Silvas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Silvae</plw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., properly, a wood, forest.]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>sylva</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The forest trees of a region or country,
considered collectively.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A description or
history of the forest trees of a country.</def>
<hw>Sil"van</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>silva</ets>, less correctly <ets>sylva</ets>, a wood or
grove, perh. akin to Gr. <grk>"y`lh</grk>; cf. L.
<ets>Silvanus</ets> Silvanus the god of woods: cf. F.
<ets>sylvain</ets> silvan. Cf. <er>Savage</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to woods; composed of woods or groves; woody.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>sylvan</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>Betwixt two rows of rocks, a <qex>silvan</qex> scene
Appears above, and groves forever green.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sil"van</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Sylvanium</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sil"van*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sylvanite</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sil"vas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <or/ <hw>Sel"vas</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>silva</ets>
a forest, Sp. <ets>selva</ets>.]</ety> <def>Vast woodland plains
of South America.</def>
<hw>Sil"vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Sylvate</er>.</def>
<hw>Sil"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>silver</ets>, <ets>selver</ets>, <ets>seolver</ets>, AS.
<ets>seolfor</ets>, <ets>siolfur</ets>, <ets>siolufr</ets>,
<ets>silofr</ets>, <ets>sylofr</ets>; akin to OS.
<ets>silubar</ets>, OFries. <ets>selover</ets>, D.
<ets>zilver</ets>, LG. <ets>sulver</ets>, OHG.
<ets>silabar</ets>, <ets>silbar</ets>, G. <ets>silber</ets>,
Icel. <ets>silfr</ets>, Sw. <ets>silfver</ets>, Dan.
<ets>s\'94lv</ets>, Goth. <ets>silubr</ets>, Russ.
<ets>serebro</ets>, Lith. <ets>sidabras</ets>; of unknown
origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A soft white
metallic element, sonorous, ductile, very malleable, and capable
of a high degree of polish. It is found native, and also combined
with sulphur, arsenic, antimony, chlorine, etc., in the minerals
argentite, proustite, pyrargyrite, ceragyrite, etc. Silver is
one of the \'bdnoble\'b8 metals, so-called, not being easily
oxidized, and is used for coin, jewelry, plate, and a great
variety of articles. Symbol Ag (<xex>Argentum</xex>). Atomic
weight 107.7. Specific gravity 10.5.</def>
<note><hand/ Silver was known under the name of <xex>luna</xex>
to the ancients and also to the alchemists. Some of its
compounds, as the halogen salts, are remarkable for the effect of
light upon them, and are used in photography.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Coin made of silver; silver money.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything having the luster or appearance of
silver.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The color of silver.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Silver</xex> is used in the formation of many
compounds of obvious meaning; as, <xex>silver</xex>-armed,
<xex>silver</xex>-bright, <xex>silver</xex>-buskined,
<xex>silver</xex>-coated, <xex>silver</xex>-footed,
<xex>silver</xex>-haired, <xex>silver</xex>-headed,
<xex>silver</xex>-mantled, <xex>silver</xex>-plated,
<xex>silver</xex>-slippered, <xex>silver</xex>-sounding,
<xex>silver</xex>-studded, <xex>silver</xex>-tongued,
<xex>silver</xex>-white. See <er>Silver</er>,
<pos>a.</pos></note>
<cs><col>Black silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>stephanite; --
called also <altname>brittle silver ore</altname>, or
<altname>brittle silver glance</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Fulminating silver</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>A black crystalline substance, <chform>Ag2O.(NH3)2</chform>,
obtained by dissolving silver oxide in aqua ammonia. When dry it
explodes violently on the slightest percussion.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>Silver fulminate, a white crystalline substance,
<chform>Ag2C2N2O2</chform>, obtained by adding alcohol to a
solution of silver nitrate. When dry it is violently
explosive.</cd> -- <col>German silver</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>German</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gray silver</col>.
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Freieslebenite</er>.</cd> --
<col>Horn silver</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Cerargyrite</er>.</cd> -- <col>King's silver</col>. <fld>(O.
Eng. Law)</fld> <cd>See <er>Postfine</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red
silver</col>, <or/ <col>Ruby silver</col></mcol>.
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Proustite</er>, and
<er>Pyrargyrite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Silver beater</col>, <cd>one
who beats silver into silver leaf or silver foil.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Silver glance</col>, <or/ <col>Vitreous
silver</col></mcol>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Argentine</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sil"ver</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining
to silver; made of silver; <as>as, <ex>silver</ex> leaf; a
<ex>silver</ex> cup.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling silver.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Bright; resplendent; white</def>.</def>
\'bd<xex>Silver</xex> hair.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Others, on <qex>silver</qex> lakes and rivers, bathed
Their downy breast.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Precious; costly</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>Giving a clear, ringing sound soft and clear</def>.
\'bd<xex>Silver</xex> voices.\'b8 <au>Spenser</au>. <sd>(d)</sd>
<def>Sweet; gentle; peaceful</def>. \'bd<xex>Silver</xex>
slumber.\'b8 <au>Spenser</au>.
<cs><col>American silver fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the
balsam fir. See under <er>Balsam</er>.</cd> -- <col>Silver
age</col> <fld>(Roman Lit.)</fld>, <cd>the latter part (<sc>a.
d.</sc> 14-180) of the classical period of Latinity, -- the time
of writers of inferior purity of language, as compared with those
of the previous <xex>golden age<xex>, so-called.</cd> --
<col>Silver-bell tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American
shrub or small tree (<spn>Halesia tetraptera</spn>) with white
bell-shaped flowers in clusters or racemes; the snowdrop
tree.</cd> -- <col>Silver bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
shrubby leguminous plant (<spn>Anthyllis Barba-Jovis</spn>) of
Southern Europe, having silvery foliage.</cd> -- <col>Silver
chub</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fallfish.</cd> --
<col>Silver eel</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The
cutlass fish.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A pale variety of the common
eel.</cd> -- <col>Silver fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
coniferous tree (<spn>Abies pectinata</spn>) found in mountainous
districts in the middle and south of Europe, where it often grows
to the height of 100 or 150 feet. It yields Burgundy pitch and
Strasburg turpentine.</cd> -- <col>Silver foil</col>, <cd>foil
made of silver.</cd> -- <col>Silver fox</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the common fox
(<spn>Vulpes vulpes</spn>, variety <spn>argenteus</spn>) found in
the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and America. Its fur is
nearly black, with silvery tips, and is highly valued. Called
also <altname>black fox</altname>, and <altname>silver-gray
fox</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Silver gar</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Billfish</er> <sd>(a)</sd> --
<col>Silver grain</col> <fld>(Bot.</cd>)</fld>, <cd>the lines or
narrow plates of cellular tissue which pass from the pith to the
bark of an exogenous stem; the medullary rays. In the wood of the
oak they are much larger than in that of the beech, maple, pine,
cherry, etc.</cd> -- <col>Silver grebe</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the red-throated diver. See
<xex>Illust<xex>. under <er>Diver</er>.</cd> -- <col>Silver
hake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the American whiting.</cd>
-- <col>Silver leaf</col>, <cd>leaves or sheets made of silver
beaten very thin.</cd> -- <col>Silver lunge</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the namaycush.</cd> -- <col>Silver
moonfish</col>.<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Moonfish</er>
<sd>(b)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Silver moth</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a lepisma.</cd> -- <col>Silver
owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the barn owl.</cd> --
<col>Silver perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
mademoiselle, 2.</cd> -- <col>Silver pheasant</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of
beautiful crested and long-tailed Asiatic pheasants, of the genus
<spn>Euplocamus</spn>. They have the tail and more or less of the
upper parts silvery white. The most common species (<spn>E.
nychtemerus</spn>) is native of China.</cd> -- <col>Silver
plate</col>, <cd>domestic utensils made of silver.</cd><-- a
plating of silver on a base metal. --> -- <col>Silver
plover</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the knot.</cd> --
<col>Silver salmon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a salmon
(<spn>Oncorhynchus kisutch</spn>) native of both coasts of the
North Pacific. It ascends all the American rivers as far south as
the Sacramento. Called also <altname>kisutch</altname>,
<altname>whitefish</altname>, and <altname>white
salmon</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Silver shell</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine bivalve of the genus Anomia.
See <er>Anomia</er>.</cd><-- why Anomia not italicised? --> --
<col>Silver steel</col>, <cd>an alloy of steel with a very small
proportion of silver.</cd> -- <col>Silver stick</col>, <cd>a
title given to the title field officer of the Life Guards when on
duty at the palace.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <au>Thackeray</au>.
-- <col>Silver tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a South African
tree (<spn>Leucadendron argenteum</spn>) with long, silvery,
silky leaves.</cd> -- <col>Silver trout</col>,
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Trout</er>.</cd> -- <col>Silver
wedding</col>. <cd>See under <er>Wedding</er>.</cd> --
<col>Silver whiting</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine
sci\'91noid food fish (<spn>Menticirrus littoralis</spn>) native
of the Southern United States; -- called also <altname>surf
whiting</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Silver witch</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>A lepisma.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sil"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Silvered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Silvering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with
silver; to give a silvery appearance to by applying a metal of a
silvery color; <as>as, to <ex>silver</ex> a pin; to
<ex>silver</ex> a glass mirror plate with an amalgam of tin and
mercury.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To polish like silver; to impart a brightness
to, like that of silver.</def>
<q>And smiling calmness <qex>silvered</qex> o'er the deep.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make hoary, or white, like silver.</def>
<q>His head was <qex>silvered</qex> o'er with age.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<hw>Sil"ver</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To acquire a silvery
color.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The eastern sky began to <qex>silver</qex> and shine.</q>
<qau>L. Wallace.</qau>
<hw>Sil"ver*back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The knot.</def>
<hw>Sil"ver*ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree or shrub (<spn>El\'91agnus
argentea</spn>) with silvery foliage and fruit.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Sil"ver*bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Old World finch of the genus
<spn>Minia</spn>, as the <spn>M. Malabarica</spn> of India, and
<spn>M. cantans</spn> of Africa.</def>
<hw>Sil"ver*boom`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>zilver</ets> silver + <ets>boom</ets> tree.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Leucadendron</er>.</def>
<hw>Sil"ver*fin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small North American fresh-water
cyprinoid fish (<spn>Notropis Whipplei</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sil"ver*fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The tarpum.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A white variety of the goldfish.</def>
<-- 2. one of a variety of insects of the order Thysanura; --
esp. <spn>Lepisma saccharina</spn>, which may infest houses, and
eats starched clothing and sized papers. See <er>Lepisma.</er>
-->
<hw>Sil"ver-gray`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
gray color with a silvery luster; <as>as, <ex>silver-gray</ex>
hair</as>.</def>
<hw>Sil"ver*i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
state of being silvery.</def>
<hw>Sil"ver*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The
art or process of covering metals, wood, paper, glass, etc., with
a thin film of metallic silver, or a substance resembling silver;
also, the firm do laid on; <as>as, the <ex>silvering</ex> of a
glass speculum</as>.</def>
<hw>Sil"ver*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Silverized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Silverizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with
silver.</def>
<hw>Sil"ver*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no silcver;
hence, without money; impecunious.</def>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<hw>Sil"ver*ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small silver
coin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A thousand vines at a thousand <qex>silverings</qex>.</q>
<qau>Isa. vii. 23.</qau>
<hw>Sil"ver*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Like silver in
appearance or in sound.</def>
<q>Let me wipe off this honorable dew,
That <qex>silverly</qex> doth progress on thy cheeks.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sil"vern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>seolfern</ets>, <ets>sylfren</ets>.]</ety> <def>Made of
silver.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif (Acts xix. 24).</au>
<q>Speech is <qex>silvern</qex>; silence is golden.</q>
<qau>Old Proverb.</qau>
<hw>Sil"ver*sides`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small
fishes of the family <spn>Atherinid\'91</spn>, having a silvery
stripe along each side of the body. The common species of the
American coast (<spn>Menidia notata</spn>) is very abundant.
Called also <altname>silverside</altname>, <altname>sand
smelt</altname>, <altname>friar</altname>,
<altname>tailor</altname>, and <altname>tinker</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>Brook silversides</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
small fresh-water North American fish (<spn>Labadesthes
sicculus</spn>) related to the marine silversides.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1342 -->
<hw>Sil"ver*smith`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
whose occupation is to manufacture utensils, ornaments, etc., of
silver; a worker in silver.</def>
<hw>Sil"ver*spot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of
butterflies of the genus <spn>Argynnis</spn> and allied genera,
having silvery spots on the under side of the wings. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Aphrodite</er>.</def>
<hw>Sil"ver*ware`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Dishes,
vases, ornaments, and utensils of various sorts, made of
silver.</def>
<hw>Sil"ver*weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial rosaceous herb
(<spn>Potentilla Anserina</spn>) having the leaves silvery white
beneath.</def>
<hw>Sil"ver*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Resembling, or having the luster of, silver; grayish white
and lustrous; of a mild luster; bright.</def>
<q>All the enameled race, whose <qex>silvery</qex> wing
Waves to the tepid zephyrs of the spring.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Besprinkled or covered with silver.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having the clear, musical tone of silver; soft
and clear in sound; <as>as, <ex>silvery</ex> voices; a
<ex>silvery</ex> laugh</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Silvery iron</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar
light-gray fine-grained cast iron, usually obtained from clay
iron ore.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sil"vi*cul`ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>silviculture</ets>.]</ety> <def>See
<er>Sylviculture</er>.</def>
<hw>Si"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<def>A cyma.</def>
<hw>Sim"a*gre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>simagr\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <def>A grimace.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Si*mar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>simarre</ets>. See <er>Chimere</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman's
long dress or robe; also light covering; a scarf.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>cimar</asp>, <asp>cymar</asp>,
<asp>samare</asp>, <asp>simare</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>\'d8Si`marre"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See
<er>Simar</er>.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Sim"blot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>simbleau</ets>.]</ety> <def>The harness of a drawloom.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sim"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., an
ape; cf. <ets>simus</ets> flatnosed, snub-nosed, Gr.
<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an genus
of Quadrumana which included the types of numerous modern genera.
By modern writers it is usually restricted to the genus which
includes the orang-outang.</def>
<hw>Sim"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Simian; apelike.</def>
<hw>Sim"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>simia</ets> an ape.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to the family <spn>Simiad\'91</spn>, which, in its
widest sense, includes all the Old World apes and monkeys; also,
apelike.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Any Old World monkey
or ape.</def></def2>
<hw>Sim"i*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>similaire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>similis</ets> like, similar.
See <er>Same</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Simulate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Exactly corresponding;
resembling in all respects; precisely like.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Nearly corresponding; resembling in many
respects; somewhat like; having a general likeness.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Homogenous; uniform.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<cs><col>Similar figures</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>figures
which differ from each other only in magnitude, being made up of
the same number of like parts similarly situated.</cd> --
<col>Similar rectilineal figures</col>, <cd>such as have their
several angles respectively equal, each to each, and their sides
about the equal angles proportional.</cd> -- <col>Similar
solids</col>, <cd>such as are contained by the same number of
similar planes, similarly situated, and having like inclination
to one another.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sim"i*lar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is similar to,
or resembles, something else, as in quality, form, etc.</def>
<hw>Sim`i*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-ties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>similarit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of
being similar; likeness; resemblance; <as>as, a
<ex>similarity</ex> of features</as>.</def>
<q>Hardly is there a <qex>similarity</qex> detected between two
or three facts, than men hasten to extend it to all.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<hw>Sim"i*lar*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
similar manner.</def>
<hw>Sim"i*lar*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Similar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Rhyming cadences of <qex>similarly</qex> words.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Sim"i*la*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Implying
or indicating likeness or resemblance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>In <qex>similative</qex> or instrumental relation to a pa.
pple. [past participle], as almond-leaved, -scented, etc.</q>
<qau>New English Dict.</qau>
<hw>Simi"*le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Similes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., from
<ets>similis</ets>. See <er>Similar</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A word or phrase by which anything is
likened, in one or more of its aspects, to something else; a
similitude; a poetical or imaginative comparison.</def>
<q>A good swift <qex>simile</qex>, but something currish.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Si*mil"i*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
in like manner.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The technical name
of the form by which either party, in pleading, accepts the issue
tendered by his opponent; -- called sometimes a <altname>joinder
in issue</altname>.</def>
<hw>Si*mil"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>similitude</ets>, L. <ets>similitudo</ets>, from
<ets>similis</ets> similar. See <er>Similar</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being similar or like;
resemblance; likeness; similarity; <as>as, <ex>similitude</ex> of
substance</as>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Let us make now man in our image, man
In our <qex>similitude</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>If fate some future bard shall join
In sad <qex>similitude</qex> of griefs to mine.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of likening, or that which likens, one
thing to another; fanciful or imaginative comparison; a
simile.</def>
<q>Tasso, in his <qex>similitudes</qex>, never departed from the
woods; that is, all his comparisons were taken from the
country.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is like or similar; a representation,
semblance, or copy; a facsimile.</def>
<q>Man should wed his <qex>similitude</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Si*mil`i*tu"di*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Involving or expressing similitude.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Coke.</au>
<hw>Sim"i*lize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To liken;
to compare; <as>as, to <ex>similize</ex> a person, thing, or
act</as>.</def>
<au>Lowell.</au>
<hw>Sim"i*lor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>similus</ets> similar + F. <ets>or</ets> gold, L.
<ets>aurum</ets>. Cf. <er>Semilor</er>.]</ety> <def>An alloy of
copper and zinc, resembling brass, but of a golden color.</def>
<au>Ure.</au>
<hw>Sem"i*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>simia</ets> an ape.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to the Sim<?/; monkeylike.</def>
<q>That strange <qex>simious</qex>, schoolboy passion of giving
pain to others.</q>
<qau>Sydney Smith.</qau>
<hw>Sim"i*tar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scimiter</er>.</def>
<hw>Sim"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Simmered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Simmering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prov. E. also
<ets>simper</ets>; -- an onomatopoetic word.]</ety> <def>To boil
gently, or with a gentle hissing; to begin to boil.</def>
<q>I <qex>simmer</qex> as liquor doth on the fire before it
beginneth to boil.</q>
<qau>Palsgrave.</qau>
<hw>Sim"mer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to boil gently;
to cook in liquid heated almost or just to the boiling
point.</def>
<hw>Sim"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>simenel</ets> cake or bread of wheat flour, LL.
<ets>simenellus</ets> wheat bread, fr. L. <ets>simila</ets> the
finest wheat flour. Cf. <er>Semolina</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A kind of cake made of fine flour; a cracknel.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Not common bread, but vastel bread, or <qex>simnels</qex>.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of rich plum cake, eaten especially on
Mid-Lent Sunday.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<au>Herrick.</au>
<hw>Si*mo"ni*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>simoniacus</ets>. See <er>Simony</er>.]</ety> <def>One who
practices simony, or who buys or sells preferment in the
church.</def>
<au>Ayliffe.</au>
<hw>Sim`o*ni"a*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to simony; guilty of simony; consisting of
simony.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sim"o*ni`a*cal*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<q>The flagitious profligacy of their lives, and the
<qex>simoniacal</qex> arts by which they grasped at the
popedom.</q>
<qau>J. S. Harford.</qau>
<hw>Si*mo"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Simoniacal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Si*mo"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[See
<er>Simony</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the followers of Simon Magus;
also, an adherent of certain heretical sects in the early
Christian church.</def>
<hw>Si*mo"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Simoniacal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sim"o*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
practices simony.</def>
<hw>Sim"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>simonie</ets>, LL. <ets>simonia</ets>, fr. <ets>Simon</ets>
Magus, who wished to purchase the power of conferring the Holy
Spirit. <ets>Acts</ets> viii.]</ety> <def>The crime of buying or
selling ecclesiastical preferment; the corrupt presentation of
any one to an ecclesiastical benefice for money or reward.</def>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Si*moom"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Si*moon"</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar. <ets>sam<?/m</ets>,
fr. <ets>samma</ets> to poison. Cf. <er>Samiel</er>.]</ety>
<def>A hot, dry, suffocating, dust-laden wind, that blows
occasionally in Arabia, Syria, and neighboring countries,
generated by the extreme heat of the parched deserts or sandy
plains.</def>
<hw>Si"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>simus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>Having a very flat
or snub nose, with the end turned up.</def>
<hw>Sim"pai</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[Malay
<ets>simpei</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
long-tailed monkey (<spn>Semnopitchecus melalophus</spn>) native
of Sumatra. It has a crest of black hair. The forehead and cheeks
are fawn color, the upper parts tawny and red, the under parts
white. Called also <altname>black-crested monkey</altname>, and
<altname>sinp\'91</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sim"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Simpered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Simpering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Norw.
<ets>semper</ets> fine, smart, dial. Dan. <ets>semper</ets>,
<ets>simper</ets>, affected, coy, prudish, OSw. <ets>semper</ets>
one who affectedly refrains from eating, Sw. <ets>sipp</ets>
finical, prim, LG. <ets>sipp</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
smile in a silly, affected, or conceited manner.</def>
<q>Behold yond <qex>simpering</qex> dame.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>With a made countenance about her mouth, between
<qex>simpering</qex> and smiling.</q>
<qau>ir. P. Sidney.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To glimmer; to twinkle.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Yet can I mark how stars above
<qex>Simper</qex> and shine.</q>
<qau>Herbert.</qau>
<hw>Sim"per</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A constrained,
self-conscious smile; an affected, silly smile; a smirk.</def>
<q>The conscious <qex>simper</qex>, and the jealous leer.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Sim"per*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
simpers.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<q>A <qex>simperer</qex> that a court affords.</q>
<qau>T. Nevile.</qau>
<hw>Sim"per*ing</hw>, <pos>a. &. n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Simper</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<hw>Sim"per*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a simpering
manner.</def>
<hw>Sim"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Simpler</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Simplest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F., fr.
L. <ets>simplus</ets>, or <ets>simplex</ets>, gen.
<ets>simplicis</ets>. The first part of the Latin words is
probably akin to E. <ets>same</ets>, and the sense, one, one and
the same; cf. L. <ets>semel</ets> once, <ets>singuli</ets> one to
each, single. Cg. <er>Single</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Same</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>, and for the last part of the word cf.
<er>Double</er>, <er>Complex</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Single; not complex; not infolded or entangled; uncombined;
not compounded; not blended with something else; not complicated;
<as>as, a <ex>simple</ex> substance; a <ex>simple</ex> idea; a
<ex>simple</ex> sound; a <ex>simple</ex> machine; a
<ex>simple</ex> problem; <ex>simple</ex> tasks.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Plain; unadorned; <as>as, <ex>simple</ex>
dress</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Simple</xex> truth.\'b8
<au>Spenser</au>. \'bdHis <xex>simple</xex> story.\'b8
<au>Burns</au>.
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Mere; not other than; being only.</def>
<q>A medicine . . . whose <qex>simple</qex> touch
Is powerful to araise King Pepin.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not given to artifice, stratagem, or duplicity;
undesigning; sincere; true.</def>
<q>Full many fine men go upon my score, as <qex>simple</qex> as I
stand here, and I trust them.</q>
<qau>Marston.</qau>
<q>Must thou trust Tradition's <qex>simple</qex> tongue?</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<q>To be simple is to be great.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Artless in manner; unaffected; unconstrained;
natural; inartificial;; straightforward.</def>
<q>In <qex>simple</qex> manners all the secret lies.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Direct; clear; intelligible; not abstruse or
enigmatical; <as>as, a <ex>simple</ex> statement; <ex>simple</ex>
language</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Weak in intellect; not wise or sagacious; of but
moderate understanding or attainments; hence, foolish;
silly.</def> \'bdYou have <xex>simple</xex> wits.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The <qex>simple</qex> believeth every word; but the prudent
man looketh well to his going.</q>
<qau>Prov. xiv. 15.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Not luxurious; without much variety; plain;
<as>as, a <ex>simple</ex> diet; a <ex>simple</ex> way of
living</as>.</def>
<q>Thy <qex>simple</qex> fare and all thy plain delights.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Humble; lowly; undistinguished.</def>
<q>A <qex>simple</qex> husbandman in garments gray.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Clergy and laity, male and female, gentle and
<qex>simple</qex> made the fuel of the same fire.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(BOt.)</fld> <def>Without subdivisions; entire;
<as>as, a <ex>simple</ex> stem; a <ex>simple</ex>
leaf</as>.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Not capable of being
decomposed into anything more simple or ultimate by any means at
present known; elementary; thus, atoms are regarded as
<xex>simple</xex> bodies. Cf. <er>Ultimate</er>,
<pos>a.</pos></def>
<note><hand/ A <xex>simple</xex> body is one that has not as yet
been decomposed. There are indications that many of our simple
elements are still compound bodies, though their actual
decomposition into anything simpler may never be
accomplished.</note><-- see <er>fundamental particle</er> -->
<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Homogenous.</def>
<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Consisting of a single
individual or zooid; <as>as, a <ex>simple</ex> ascidian; --
opposed to <ex>compound</ex></as>.</def>
<cs><col>Simple contract</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>any
contract, whether verbal or written, which is not of record or
under seal. <au>J. W. Smith</au>. <au>Chitty</au>.</cd> --
<col>Simple equation</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>an eqyation
containing but one unknown quantity, and that quantity only in
the first degree.</cd> -- <col>Simple eye</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an eye having a single lens; --
opposed to <ant>compound eye</ant>.</cd> -- <col>Simple
interest</col>. <cd>See under <er>Interest</er>.</cd> --
<col>Simple larceny</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Larceny</er>.</cd> -- <col>Simple obligation</col> <fld>(Rom.
Law)</fld>, <cd>an obligation which does not depend for its
execution upon any event provided for by the parties, or is not
to become void on the happening of any such event.</cd>
<au>Burrill.</au></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Single; uncompounded; unmingled; unmixed; mere;
uncombined; elementary; plain; artless; sincere; harmless;
undesigning; frank; open; unaffected; inartificial; unadorned;
credulous; silly; foolish; shallow; unwise.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Simple</er>, <er>Silly</er>. One who is <xex>simple</xex> is
sincere, unaffected, and inexperienced in duplicity, -- hence
liable to be duped. A <xex>silly</xex> person is one who is
ignorant or weak and also self-confident; hence, one who shows in
speech and act a lack of good sense. <xex>Simplicity</xex> is
incompatible with duplicity, artfulness, or vanity, while
<xex>silliness</xex> is consistent with all three.
<xex>Simplicity</xex> denotes lack of knowledge or of guile;
<xex>silliness</xex> denotes want of judgment or right purpose, a
defect of character as well as of education.</usage>
<q>I am a <qex>simple</qex> woman, much too weak
To oppose your cunning.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>He is the companion of the <qex>silliest</qex> people in their
most <qex>silly</qex> pleasure; he is ready for every impertinent
entertainment and diversion.</q>
<qau>Law.</qau>
<hw>Sim"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Simple</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something
not mixed or compounded.</def> \'bdCompounded of many
<xex>simples</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicinal plant; -- so
called because each vegetable was supposed to possess its
particular virtue, and therefore to constitute a simple
remedy.</def>
<q>What virtue is in this remedy lies in the naked
<qex>simple</qex> itself as it comes over from the Indies.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
drawloom.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A part of the apparatus for
raising the heddles of a drawloom.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A feast which is not a
double or a semidouble.</def>
<hw>Sim"ple</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To gather simples, or
medicinal plants.</def>
<q>As <qex>simpling</qex> on the flowery hills she [Circe]
strayed.</q>
<qau>Garth.</qau>
<hw>Sim"ple-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sincere; inguenuous; guileless.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Sim"ple-mind`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Artless; guileless; simple-hearted; undesigning;
unsuspecting; devoid of duplicity.</def> <au>Blackstone</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Sim"ple-mind`ed*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sim"ple*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being simple; simplicity.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sim"pler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
collects simples, or medicinal plants; a herbalist; a
simplist.</def>
<cs><col>Simpler's joy</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>Vervain.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sim"pless</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>simplesse</ets>.]</ety> <def>Simplicity; silliness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sim"ple*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>simplet</ets>, It. <ets>semplicione</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
person of weak intellect; a silly person.</def>
<hw>Sim*pli"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>simplicien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is simple.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Arnway.</au>
<hw>Sim*plic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>simplicit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>simplicitas</ets>. See
<er>Simple</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of
being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded; <as>as, the
<ex>simplicity</ex> of metals or of earths</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being not complex, or of
consisting of few parts; <as>as, the <ex>simplicity</ex> of a
machine</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Artlessness of mind; freedom from cunning or
duplicity; lack of acuteness and sagacity.</def>
<q>Marquis Dorset, a man, for his harmless <qex>simplicity</qex>
neither misliked nor much regarded.</q>
<qau>Hayward.</qau>
<q>In wit a man; <qex>simplicity</qex> a child.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Freedom from artificial ornament, pretentious
style, or luxury; plainness; <as>as, <ex>simplicity</ex> of
dress, of style, or of language; <ex>simplicity</ex> of diet;
<ex>simplicity</ex> of life</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Freedom from subtlety or abstruseness;
clearness; <as>as, the <ex>simplicity</ex> of a doctrine; the
<ex>simplicity</ex> of an explanation or a
demonstration</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Weakness of intellect; silliness; folly.</def>
<q>How long, ye simple ones, will ye love <qex>simplicity</qex>?
and the scorners delight in their scorning?</q>
<qau>Prov. i. 22.</qau>
<hw>Sim`pli*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>simplification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
simplifying.</def>
<au>A. Smith.</au>
<hw>Sim"pli*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Simplified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Simplifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>simplifier</ets>,
LL. <ets>simplificare</ets>. See <er>Simple</er>, and
<er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To make simple; to make less complex;
to make clear by giving the explanation for; to show an easier or
shorter process for doing or making.</def>
<q>The collection of duties is drawn to a point, and so far
<qex>simplified</qex>.</q>
<qau>A. Hamilton.</qau>
<q>It is important, in scientific pursuits, to be caitious in
<qex>simplifying</qex> our deductions.</q>
<qau>W. Nicholson.</qau>
<hw>Sim"plist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One skilled
in simples, or medicinal plants; a simpler.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sim*plis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to simples, or a simplist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Wilkinson.</au>
<hw>Sim"pli*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Simplicity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sim"plo*ce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>See <er>Symploce</er>.</def>
<hw>Sim"ply</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>In a simple manner or state; considered in or by itself;
without addition; along; merely; solely; barely.</def>
<q>[They] make that now good or evil, . . . which otherwise of
itself were not <qex>simply</qex> the one or the other.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<q><qex>Simply</qex> the thing I am
Shall make me live.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<-- p. 1343 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Plainly; without art or subtlety.</def>
<q>Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise
By <qex>simply</qex> meek.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Weakly; foolishly.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sim"u*la`cher</hw>, <hw>Sim"u*la`chre</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>simulacre</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Simulacrum</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sim`u*la"crum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Simulacra</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See
<er>Simulate</er>.]</ety> <def>A likeness; a semblance; a mock
appearance; a sham; -- now usually in a derogatory sense.</def>
<q>Beneath it nothing but a great <qex>simulacrum</qex>.</q>
<qau>Thackeray.</qau>
<hw>Sim"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>simulator</ets>, F. <ets>simulateur</ets>. See
<er>Simulate</er>.]</ety> <def>One who pretends to be what he is
not; one who, or that which, simulates or counterfeits something;
a pretender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Christ calleth the Pharisees hypocrites, that is to say,
<qex>simulars</qex>, and painted sepulchers.</q>
<qau>Tyndale.</qau>
<hw>Sim"u*lar</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>False; specious;
counterfeit.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark> \'bdThou
<xex>simular</xex> man of virtue.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sim"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>simulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>simulare</ets> to simulate;
akin to <ets>simul</ets> at the same time, together,
<ets>similis</ets> like. See <er>Similar</er>, and cf.
<er>Dissemble</er>, <er>Semblance</er>.]</ety> <def>Feigned;
pretended.</def>
<au>Bale.</au>
<hw>Sim"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Simulated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Simulating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To assume the mere
appearance of, without the reality; to assume the signs or
indications of, falsely; to counterfeit; to feign.</def>
<q>The Puritans, even in the depths of the dungeons to which she
had sent them, prayed, and with no <qex>simulated</qex> fervor,
that she might be kept from the dagger of the assassin.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Sim`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>simulation</ets>, L. <ets>simulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
act of simulating, or assuming an appearance which is feigned, or
not true; -- distinguished from <xex>dissimulation</xex>, which
disguises or conceals what is true.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Counterfeiting; feint; pretense.</syn>
<hw>Sim"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>One who simulates, or feigns.</def>
<au> De Quincey.</au>
<hw>Sim"u*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Simulated, or capable of being simulated.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Si`mul*ta*ne"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being simultaneous; simultaneousness.</def>
<hw>Si`mul*ta"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>simultim</ets> at the same time, fr. L. <ets>simul</ets>.
See <er>Simulate</er>.]</ety> <def>Existing, happening, or done,
at the same time; <as>as, <ex>simultaneous</ex>
events</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Si`mul*ta"ne*ous*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Si`mul*ta"ne*ous*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<cs><col>Simultaneous equations</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>two
or more equations in which the values of the unknown quantities
entering them are the same at the same time in both or in
all.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sim"ul*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>simultas</ets> a hostile encounter, drudge, originally, a
(hostile) coming together, fr. <ets>simul</ets> together: cf. OF.
<ets>simult\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Private grudge or quarrel;
<as>as, domestic <ex>simulties</ex></as>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv., prep., & conj.</pos>
<def>Old form of <er>Since</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>
<q><qex>Sin</qex> that his lord was twenty year of age.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sinne</ets>, AS.
<ets>synn</ets>, <ets>syn</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zonde</ets>, OS.
<ets>sundia</ets>, OHG. <ets>sunta</ets>, G. <ets>s\'81nde</ets>,
Icel., Dan. & Sw. <ets>synd</ets>, L. <ets>sons</ets>,
<ets>sontis</ets>, guilty, perhaps originally from the p. pr. of
the verb signifying, to be, and meaning, the one who it is. Cf.
<er>Authentic</er>, <er>Sooth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Transgression of the law of God; disobedience of the divine
command; any violation of God's will, either in purpose or
conduct; moral deficiency in the character; iniquity; <as>as,
<ex>sins</ex> of omission and <ex>sins</ex> of
commission</as>.</def>
<q>Whosoever committeth <qex>sin</qex> is the servant of
<qex>sin</qex>.</q>
<qau>John viii. 34.</qau>
<q><qex>Sin</qex> is the transgression of the law.</q>
<qau>1 John iii. 4.</qau>
<q>I think 't no <qex>sin</qex>.
To cozen him that would unjustly win.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Enthralled
By <qex>sin</qex> to foul, exorbitant desires.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An offense, in general; a violation of
propriety; a misdemeanor; <as>as, a <ex>sin</ex> against good
manners</as>.</def>
<q>I grant that poetry's a crying <qex>sin</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.</def>
<q>He hath made him to be <qex>sin</qex> for us, who knew no
sin.</q>
<qau>2 Cor. v. 21.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>An embodiment of sin; a very wicked
person.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Thy ambition,
Thou scarlet <qex>sin</qex>, robbed this bewailing land
Of noble Buckingham.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sin</xex> is used in the formation of some
compound words of obvious signification; as, <xex>sin</xex>-born;
<xex>sin</xex>-bred, <xex>sin</xex>-oppressed,
<xex>sin</xex>-polluted, and the like.</note>
<cs><col>Actual sin</col>, <col>Canonical sins</col>,
<col>Original sin</col>, <col>Venial sin</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Actual</er>, <er>Canonical</er>, etc.</cd> --
<col>Deadly</col>, <or/ <col>Mortal</col>, <col>sins</col>
<fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>willful and deliberate
transgressions, which take away divine grace; -- in distinction
from <xex>vental sins</xex>. The <xex>seven deadly sins</xex> are
pride, covetousness, lust, wrath, gluttony, envy, and sloth.</cd>
-- <col>Sin eater</col>, <cd>a man who (according to a former
practice in England) for a small gratuity ate a piece of bread
laid on the chest of a dead person, whereby he was supposed to
have taken the sins of the dead person upon himself.</cd> --
<col>Sin offering</col>, <cd>a sacrifice for sin; something
offered as an expiation for sin.</cd></cd>
<syn>Syn. -- Iniquity; wickedness; wrong. See
<er>Crime</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sin</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sinned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sinning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sinnen</ets>,
<ets>singen</ets>, <ets>sinegen</ets>, AS. <ets>syngian</ets>.
See <er>Sin</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To depart
voluntarily from the path of duty prescribed by God to man; to
violate the divine law in any particular, by actual transgression
or by the neglect or nonobservance of its injunctions; to violate
any known rule of duty; -- often followed by
<xex>against</xex>.</def>
<q>Against thee, thee only, have I <qex>sinned</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ps. li. 4.</qau>
<q>All have <qex>sinned</qex>, and come short of the glory of
God.</q>
<qau>Rom. iii. 23.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To violate human rights, law, or propriety; to
commit an offense; to trespass; to transgress.</def>
<q>I am a man
More <qex>sinned</qex> against than <qex>sinning</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Who but wishes to invert the laws
Of order, <qex>sins</qex> against the eternal cause.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Si*na"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Si`na*it"ic</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From Mount
<ets>Sinai</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Mount Sinai;
given or made at Mount Sinai; <as>as, the <ex>Sinaitic</ex>
law</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sinaitic manuscript</col>, <cd>a fourth century Greek
manuscript of the part Bible, discovered at Mount Sinai (the
greater part of it in 1859) by Tisschendorf, a German Biblical
critic; -- called also <altname>Codex
Sinaiticus</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sin*al"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.
<ets>Sin</ets>apis + <ets>alba</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A glucoside found in the seeds of white mustard
(<spn>Brassica alba</spn>, formerly <spn>Sinapis alba</spn>), and
extracted as a white crystalline substance.</def>
<hw>Sin*am"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sin</ets>apis + mel<ets>amine</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter white crystalline nitrogenous
substance, obtained indirectly from oil of mustard and ammonia;
-- called also <altname>allyl melamine</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sin"a*pate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sinapic acid.</def>
<hw>Sin"a*pic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to sinapine; specifically, designating an
acid (<chform>C11H12O5</chform>) related to gallic acid, and
obtained by the decomposition of sinapine, as a white crystalline
substance.</def>
<hw>Sin"a*pine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sinapi</ets>, <ets>sinapis</ets>, mustard, Gr. <?/<?/<?/:
cf. F. <ets>sinapine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An
alkaloid occuring in the seeds of mustard. It is extracted, in
combination with sulphocyanic acid, as a white crystalline
substance, having a hot, bitter taste. When sinapine is isolated
it is unstable and undergoes decomposition.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si*na"pis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A disused generic name for
mustard; -- now called <altname>Brassica</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sin"a*pis`in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance extracted from mustard seed
and probably identical with sinalbin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sin"a*pism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sinapismus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, the use of a mustard
blister, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to apply a mustard blister, fr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ mustard.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A plaster or
poultice composed principally of powdered mustard seed, or
containing the volatile oil of mustard seed. It is a powerful
irritant.</def>
<hw>Sin`a*po*le"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sina</ets>pis + <ets>oleic</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to mustard oil;
specifically, designating an acid of the oleic acid series said
to occur in mistard oil.</def>
<hw>Si*nap"o*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sinapis</ets> + L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous base,
<chform>CO.(NH.C3H5)2</chform>, related to urea, extracted from
mustard oil, and also produced artifically, as a white
crystalline substance; -- called also <altname>diallyl
urea</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sin"ca*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called
because obtained by the action of al<ets>kal</ets>ies on
<ets>sin</ets>apine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Choline.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sinkaline</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Since</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>sins</ets>, contr. fr. OE. <ets>sithens</ets>,
<ets>sithenes</ets>, formed by an adverbial ending (cf.
<er>Besides</er>) from OE. <ets>sithen</ets>, also shortened into
<ets>sithe</ets>, <ets>sin</ets>, AS. <ets>si<?/<?/an</ets>,
<ets>sy<?/<?/an</ets>, <ets>seo<?/<?/an</ets>, afterward, then,
since, after; properly, after that; fr. s\'c6<?/ after, later,
adv. and prep. (originally a comparative adv., akin to OS.
<ets>s\'c6<?/</ets> afterward, since, OHG. <ets>s\'c6d</ets>, G.
<ets>seit</ets> since, Goth. <ets>seipus</ets> late, ni
<?/ana<ets>sei<?/s</ets> no longer) + <ets><?/on</ets>
instrumental of the demonstrative and article. See
<er>That</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>From a definite past time
until now; <as>as, he went a month ago, and I have not seen him
<ex>since</ex></as>.</def>
<q>We <qex>since</qex> become the slaves to one man's lust.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the time past, counting backward from the
present; before this or now; ago.</def>
<q>w many ages <qex>since</qex> has Virgil writ?</q>
<qau>Roscommon.</qau>
<q>About two years <qex>since</qex>, it so fell out, that he was
brought to a great lady's house.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>When or that.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Do you remember <qex>since</qex> we lay all night in the
windmill in St. George's field?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Since</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>From the time of; in or
during the time subsequent to; subsequently to; after; -- usually
with a past event or time for the object.</def>
<q>The Lord hath blessed thee, <qex>since</qex> my coming.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxx. 30.</qau>
<q>I have a model by which he build a nobler poem than any extant
<qex>since</qex> the ancients.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Since</hw>, <pos>conj.</pos> <def>Seeing that; because;
considering; -- formerly followed by <xex>that</xex>.</def>
<q><qex>Since</qex> that my penitence comes after all,
Imploring pardon.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q><qex>Since</qex> truth and constancy are vain,
<qex>Since</qex> neither love, nor sense of pain,
Nor force of reason, can persuade,
Then let example be obeyed.</q>
<qau>Granville.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Because; for; as; inasmuch as; considering. See
<er>Because</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sin*cere"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sincerer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sincerest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>sincerus</ets>, of uncertain origin; the first part perhaps
akin to <ets>sin-</ets> in <ets>singuli</ets> (see
<er>Single</er>), and the second to <ets>cernere</ets> to
separate (cf. <er>Discern</er>): cf. F.
<ets>sinc</ets>\'8are.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pure; unmixed;
unadulterated.</def>
<q>There is no <qex>sincere</qex> acid in any animal juice.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<q>A joy which never was <qex>sincere</qex> till now.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Whole; perfect; unhurt; uninjured.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The inviolable body stood <qex>sincere</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Being in reality what it appears to be; having a
character which corresponds with the appearance; not falsely
assumed; genuine; true; real; <as>as, a <ex>sincere</ex> desire
for knowledge; a <ex>sincere</ex> contempt for
meanness</as>.</def>
<q>A <qex>sincere</qex> intention of pleasing God in all our
actions.</q>
<qau>Law.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Honest; free from hypocrisy or dissimulation;
<as>as, a <ex>sincere</ex> friend; a <ex>sincere</ex>
person</as>.</def>
<q>The more <qex>sincere</qex> you are, the better it will fare
with you at the great day of account.</q>
<qau>Waterland.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Honest; unfeigned; unvarnished; real; true;
unaffected; inartificial; frank; upright. See
<er>Hearty</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sin*cere"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sincere
manner.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Purely; without
alloy.</def> <au>Milton</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Honestly;
unfeignedly; without dissimulation; <as>as, to speak one's mind
<ex>sincerely</ex>; to love virtue <ex>sincerely</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sin*cere"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sincerity</er>.</def>
<au>Beau & Fl.</au>
<hw>Sin*cer"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sinceritas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sinc\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The quality or state of being sincere; honesty of mind or
intention; freedom from simulation, hypocrisy, disguise, or false
pretense; sincereness.</def>
<q>I protest, in the <qex>sincerity</qex> of love.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q><qex>Sincerity</qex> is a duty no less plain than
important.</q>
<qau>Knox.</qau>
<hw>Sinch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Cinch</er>.]</ety> <def>A saddle girth made of leather,
canvas, woven horsehair, or woven grass.</def> <mark>[Western
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sinch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To gird with a sinch; to
tighten the sinch or girth of (a saddle); <as>as, to
<ex>sinch</ex> up a sadle</as>.</def> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sin*cip"i*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the sinciput; being
in the region of the sinciput.</def>
<hw>Sin"ci*put</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., half a
head; <ets>semi</ets>half + <ets>caput</ets> the head.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fore part of the
head.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The part of the head of a
bird between the base of the bill and the vertex.</def>
<hw>Sin"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a kind of
fine Indian cotton stuff, Gr. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A wrapper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWrapped in
<xex>sindons</xex> of linen.\'b8
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A small rag or pledget
introduced into the hole in the cranium made by a trephine.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>Sine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>sinus</ets> a sine, L. <ets>sinus</ets> bosom, used in
translating the Ar. <ets>jaib</ets>, properly, bosom, but
probably read by mistake (the consonants being the same) for an
original <ets>j\'c6ba</ets> sine, from Skr. <ets>j\'c6va</ets>
bowstring, chord of an arc, sine.]</ety> <fld>(Trig.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The length of a perpendicular drawn from one
extremity of an arc of a circle to the diameter drawn through the
other extremity.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The perpendicular
itself. See <cref>Sine of angle</cref>, below.</def>
<cs><col>Artificial sines</col>, <cd>logarithms of the natural
sines, or logarithmic sines.</cd> -- <col>Curve of sines</col>.
<cd>See <er>Sinusoid</er>.</cd> -- <col>Natural sines</col>,
<cd>the decimals expressing the values of the sines, the radius
being unity.</cd> -- <col>Sine of an angle</col>, <cd>in a circle
whose radius is unity, the sine of the arc that measures the
angle; in a right-angled triangle, the side opposite the given
angle divided by the hypotenuse. See <cref>Trigonometrical
function</cref>, under <er>Function</er>.</cd> -- <col>Versed
sine</col>, <cd>that part of the diameter between the sine and
the arc.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Si"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>Without.</def>
<hw>Si"ne*cu`ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a sinecure; being in the nature of a
sinecure.</def>
<hw>Si`ne*cure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sine</ets> without + <ets>cura</ets> care, LL., a cure. See
<er>Cure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An ecclesiastical benefice
without the care of souls.</def>
<au>Ayliffe.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any office or position which requires or
involves little or no responsibility, labor, or active
service.</def>
<q>A lucrative <qex>sinecure</qex> in the Excise.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Si"ne*cure</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put or place in a
sinecure.</def>
<hw>Si"ne*cu*rism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
of having a sinecure.</def>
<hw>Si"ne*cu*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
has a sinecure.</def>
<hw>Sin"ew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sinewe</ets>, <ets>senewe</ets>, AS. <ets>sinu</ets>,
<ets>seonu</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zenuw</ets>, OHG.
<ets>senawa</ets>, G. <ets>sehne</ets>, Icel. <ets>sin</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sena</ets>, Dan. <ets>sene</ets>; cf. Skr.
<ets>sn\'beva</ets>. <root/290.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A tendon or tendonous tissue.
See <er>Tendon</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Muscle; nerve.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir J. Davies.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: That which supplies strength or
power.</def>
<q>The portion and <qex>sinew</qex> of her fortune, her marriage
dowry.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The bodies of men, munition, and money, may justly be called
the <qex>sinews</qex> of war.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<note><hand/ Money alone is often called <xex>the sinews of
war</xex>.</note>
<hw>Sin"ew</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sinewed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sinewing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To knit together,
or make strong with, or as with, sinews.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Wretches, now stuck up for long tortures . . . might, if
properly treated, serve to <qex>sinew</qex> the state in time of
danger.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<hw>Sin"ewed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Furnished with sinews; <as>as, a strong-<ex>sinewed</ex>
youth</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Equipped; strengthened.</def>
<q>When he sees
Ourselves well <qex>sinewed</qex> to our defense.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sin"ew*i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality
of being sinewy.</def>
<hw>Sin"ew*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sinewy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Sin"ew*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no sinews; hence,
having no strength or vigor.</def>
<hw>Sin"ew*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sinewy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Sin"ew-shrunk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Having the sinews under the belly shrunk
by excessive fatigue.</def>
<hw>Sin"ew*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, a sinew or
sinews.</def>
<q>The <qex>sinewy</qex> thread my brain lets fall.</q>
<qau>Donne.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Well braced with, or as if with, sinews;
nervous; vigorous; strong; firm; tough; <as>as, the
<ex>sinewy</ex> Ajax</as>.</def>
<q>A man whose words . . . were so close and
<qex>sinewy</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>
<hw>Sin"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AAS.
<ets>synfull</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tainted with, or full of, sin;
wicked; iniquitous; criminal; unholy; <as>as, <ex>sinful</ex>
men; <ex>sinful</ex> thoughts</as>.</def>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<q>Ah <qex>sinful</qex> nation, a people laden with iniquity.</q>
<qau>Isa. i. 4.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sin"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sin"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Sung</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or
<er>Sang</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Sung</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Singing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[AS. <ets>singan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zingen</ets>, OS. &
OHG. <ets>singan</ets>, G. <ets>singen</ets>, Icel.
<ets>syngja</ets>, Sw. <ets>sjunga</ets>, Dan. <ets>synge</ets>,
Goth. <ets>siggwan</ets>, and perhaps to E. <ets>say</ets>, v.t.,
or cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ voice. Cf. <er>Singe</er>,
<er>Song</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter sounds with
musical inflections or melodious modulations of voice, as fancy
may dictate, or according to the notes of a song or tune, or of a
given part (as alto, tenor, etc.) in a chorus or concerted
piece.</def>
<q>The noise of them that <qex>sing</qex> do I hear.</q>
<qau>Ex. xxxii. 18.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter sweet melodious sounds, as birds
do.</def>
<q>On every bough the briddes heard I <qex>sing</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q><qex>Singing</qex> birds, in silver cages hung.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a small, shrill sound; <as>as, the air
<ex>sings</ex> in passing through a crevice</as>.</def>
<q>O'er his head the flying spear
<qex>Sang</qex> innocent, and spent its force in air.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To tell or relate something in numbers or verse;
to celebrate something in poetry.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>Bid her . . . <qex>sing</qex>
Of human hope by cross event destroyed.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<-- p. 1344 -->
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Ti cry out; to complain.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They should <qex>sing</qex> if thet they were bent.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
utter with musical infections or modulations of voice.</def>
<q>And they <qex>sing</qex> the song of Moses, the servant of
God, and the song of the Lamb.</q>
<qau>Rev. xv. 3.</qau>
<q>And in the darkness <qex>sing</qex> your carol of high
praise.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To celebrate is song; to give praises to in
verse; to relate or rehearse in numbers, verse, or poetry.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>Arms and the man I <qex>sing</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The last, the happiest British king,
Whom thou shalt paint or I shall <qex>sing</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To influence by singing; to lull by singing;
<as>as, to <ex>sing</qex> a child to sleep</as></def>.
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To accompany, or attend on, with singing.</def>
<q>I heard them <qex>singing</qex> home the bride.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>Singe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Singed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Singeing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sengen</ets>, AS.
<ets>sengan</ets> in be<ets>sengan</ets> (akin to D.
<ets>zengen</ets>, G. <ets>sengen</ets>), originally, to cause to
sing, fr. AS. <ets>singan</ets> to sing, in allusion to the
<ets>singing</ets> or hissing sound often produced when a
substance is singed, or slightly burned. See
<er>Sing</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To burn slightly or
superficially; to burn the surface of; to burn the ends or
outside of; <as>as, to <ex>singe</ex> the hair or the
skin</as>.</def>
<q>You sulphurous and thought-executing fires, . . .
<qex>Singe</qex> my white head!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>I <qex>singed</qex> the toes of an ape through a burning
glass.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To remove the nap of (cloth), by
passing it rapidly over a red-hot bar, or over a flame,
preliminary to dyeing it.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To remove the
hair or down from (a plucked chicken or the like) by passing it
over a flame.</def>
<hw>Singe</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A burning of the surface; a
slight burn.</def>
<hw>Sin"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Singe</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, singes.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One employed to singe
cloth</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A machine for singeing
cloth.</def>
<hw>Sing"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Sing</er>.]</ety> <def>One who sings; especially, one whose
profession is to sing.</def>
<hw>Sing"er*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A songstress.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif.</au>
<hw>Sin`gha*lese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & a.</pos>
<ety>[Skr.<ets>Si<?/hala</ets> Ceylon.]</ety>
<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cingalese</er>.</def>
<hw>Sing"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Sing</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Singing bird</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>Popularly, any bird that sings; a song bird</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Specifically, any one of the Oscines.</cd> --
<col>Singing book</col>, <cd>a book containing music for singing;
a book of tunes.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Singing falcon</col> <or/
<col>hawk</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Chanting falcon</cref>, under <er>Chanting</er>.</cd> --
<col>Singing fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a California
toadfish (<spn>Porichthys porosissimus</spn>).</cd> --
<col>Singing flame</col> <fld>(Acoustics)</fld>, <cd>a flame, as
of hydrogen or coal gas, burning within a tube and so adjusted as
to set the air within the tube in vibration, causing sound. The
apparatus is called also <altname>chemical
harmonicon</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Singing master</col>, <cd>a
man who teaches vocal music.</cd> -- <col>Singing school</col>,
<cd>a school in which persons are instructed in
singing.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sing"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With sounds like
singing; with a kind of tune; in a singing tone.</def>
<au>G. North (1575).</au>
<hw>Sin"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>singulus</ets>, a dim. from the root in <ets>simplex</ets>
simple; cf. OE. & OF. <ets>sengle</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>singulus</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Simple</er>, and cf.
<er>Singular</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One only, as
distinguished from more than one; consisting of one alone;
individual; separate; <as>as, a <ex>single</ex> star</as>.</def>
<q>No <qex>single</qex> man is born with a right of controlling
the opinions of all the rest.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Alone; having no companion.</def>
<q>Who <qex>single</qex> hast maintained,
Against revolted multitudes, the cause
Of truth.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, unmarried; <as>as, a <ex>single</ex> man
or woman</as>.</def>
<q>Grows, lives, and dies in <qex>single</qex> blessedness.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q><qex>Single</qex> chose to live, and shunned to wed.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not doubled, twisted together, or combined with
others; <as>as, a <ex>single</ex> thread; a <ex>single</ex>
strand of a rope</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Performed by one person, or one on each side;
<as>as, a <ex>single</ex> combat</as>.</def>
<q>These shifts refuted, answer thy appellant, . . .
Who now defles thee thrice ti <qex>single</qex> fight.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Uncompounded; pure; unmixed.</def>
<q>Simple ideas are opposed to complex, and <qex>single</qex> to
compound.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Not deceitful or artful; honest; sincere.</def>
<q>I speak it with a <qex>single</qex> heart.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Simple; not wise; weak; silly.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>He utters such <qex>single</qex> matter in so infantly a
voice.</q>
<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>Single ale</col>, <col>beer</col>, <or/
<col>drink</col></mcol>, <cd>small ale, etc., as contrasted with
<xex>double ale<xex>, etc., which is stronger.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>Nares.</au> -- <col>Single
bill</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a written engagement, generally
under seal, for the payment of money, without a penalty.</cd>
<au>Burril</au>. -- <col>Single court</col> <fld>(Lawn
Tennis)</fld>, <cd>a court laid out for only two players.</cd> --
<col>Single-cut file</col>. <cd>See the Note under 4th
<er>File</er>.</cd> -- <col>Single entry</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Bookkeeping</er>.</cd> -- <col>Single file</col>. <cd>See
under 1st <er>File</er>.</cd> -- <col>Single flower</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a flower with but one set of petals, as a
wild rose.</cd> -- <col>Single knot</col>. <cd>See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Knot</er>.</cd> -- <col>Single
whip</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a single rope running through
a fixed block.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sin"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Singled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Singling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To select, as an individual person or thing, from among a
number; to choose out from others; to separate.</def>
<q>Dogs who hereby can <qex>single</qex> out their master in the
dark.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>His blood! she faintly screamed her mind
Still <qex>singling</qex> one from all mankind.</q>
<qau>More.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sequester; to withdraw; to retire.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>An agent <qex>singling</qex> itself from consorts.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take alone, or one by one.</def>
<q>Men . . . commendable when they are <qex>singled</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<hw>Sin"gle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take the irrregular
gait called single-foot;- said of a horse. See
<er>Single-foot</er>.</def>
<q>Many very fleet horses, when overdriven, adopt a disagreeable
gait, which seems to be a cross between a pace and a trot, in
which the two legs of one side are raised almost but not quite,
simultaneously. Such horses are said to <qex>single</qex>, or to
be single-footed.</q>
<qau>W. S. Clark.</qau>
<hw>Sin"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A unit; one;
<as>as, to score a <ex>single</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The reeled filaments of silk,
twisted without doubling to give them firmness.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A handful of gleaned grain.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law Tennis)</fld> <def>A game with but one
player on each side; -- usually in the plural.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>A hit by a batter which
enables him to reach first base only.</def>
<hw>Sin"gle-act`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
simplicity of action; especially <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, acting or
exerting force during strokes in one direction only; -- said of a
reciprocating engine, pump, etc.</def>
<hw>Sin"gle-breast`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Lapping over the breast only far enough to permit of
buttoning, and having buttons on one edge only; <as>as, a
<ex>single-breasted</ex> coast</as>.</def>
<hw>Sin"gle-foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
irregular gait of a horse; -- called also <altname>single-footed
pace</altname>. See <er>Single</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>
<q><qex>Single-foot</qex> is an irregular pace, rather rare,
distinguished by the posterior extremities moving in the order of
a fast walk, and the anterior extremities in that of a slow
trot.</q>
<qau>Stillman (The Horse in Motion.)</qau>
<hw>Sin"gle-hand"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
but one hand, or one workman; also, alone; unassisted.</def>
<-- single-handedly, adv. by oneself, alone, unassisted. -->
<hw>Sin"gle-heart"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
an honest heart; free from duplicity.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sin"gle-heart"ed*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sin"gle-mind"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
a single purpose; hence, artless; guileless;
single-hearted.</def>
<hw>Sin"gle*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality
or state of being single, or separate from all others; the
opposite of doubleness, complication, or multiplicity.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Freedom from duplicity, or secondary and selfish
ends; purity of mind or purpose; simplicity; sincerity; <as>as,
<ex>singleness</ex> of purpose; <ex>singleness</ex> of
heart</as>.</def>
<hw>Sin"gles</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See
<er>Single</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>
<hw>Sin"gle*stick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>In England and Scotland, a cudgel used in fencing or
fighting; a backsword.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The game played
with singlesticks, in which he who first brings blood from his
adversary's head is pronounced victor; backsword;
cudgeling.</def>
<hw>Sin"glet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An unlined or
undyed waistcoat; a single garment; -- opposed to
<xex>doublet</xex>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sin"gle*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>In certain
games at cards, as whist, a single card of any suit held at the
deal by a player; <as>as, to lead a
<ex>singleton</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sin"gle*tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Swingletree</er>.]</ety> <def>The pivoted or swinging bar to
which the traces of a harnessed horse are fixed; a
whiffletree.</def>
<note><hand/ When two horses draw abreast, a
<xex>singletree</xex> is fixed at each end of another crosspiece,
called the <xex>doubletree</xex>.</note>
<hw>Sin"gly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Individually; particularly; severally; <as>as, to make men
<ex>singly</ex> and personally good</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Only; by one's self; alone.</def>
<q>Look thee, 't is so! Thou <qex>singly</qex> honest man.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Without partners, companions, or associates;
single-handed; <as>as, to attack another
<ex>singly</ex></as>.</def>
<q>At omber <qex>singly</qex> to decide their doom.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Honestly; sincerely; simply.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Singularly; peculiarly.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sing"-sing`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The kob.</def>
<hw>Sing"song`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Bad singing or poetry.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A drawling or monotonous tone, as of a badly
executed song.</def>
<hw>Sing"song`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Drawling;
monotonous.</def>
<hw>Sing"song`</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To write poor
poetry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Sing"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
songstress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif.</au>
<hw>Sin"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>singuler</ets>, F. <ets>singulier</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>singularius</ets>, <ets>singularis</ets>, fr.
<ets>singulus</ets> single. See <er>Single</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Separate or apart from
others; single; distinct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<q>And God forbid that all a company
Should rue a <qex>singular</qex> man's folly.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Engaged in by only one on a side; single.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To try the matter thus together in a <qex>singular</qex>
combat.</q>
<qau>Holinshed.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Existing by itself; single;
individual.</def>
<q>The idea which represents one . . . determinate thing, is
called a <qex>singular</qex> idea, whether simple, complex, or
compound.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Each; individual; <as>as, to
convey several parcels of land, all and
<ex>singular</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Denoting one person or thing;
<as>as, the <ex>singular</ex> number</as>; -- opposed to
<contr>dual</contr> and <ant>plural</ant>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Standing by itself; out of the ordinary course;
unusual; uncommon; strange; <as>as, a <ex>singular</ex>
phenomenon</as>.</def>
<q>So <qex>singular</qex> a sadness
Must have a cause as strange as the effect.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Distinguished as existing in a very high degree;
rarely equaled; eminent; extraordinary; exceptional; <as>as, a
man of <ex>singular</ex> gravity or attainments</as>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Departing from general usage or expectations;
odd; whimsical; -- often implying disapproval or consure.</def>
<q>His zeal
None seconded, as out of season judged,
Or <qex>singular</qex> and rash.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>To be <qex>singular</qex> in anything that is wise and worthy,
is not a disparagement, but a praise.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Being alone; belonging to, or being, that of
which there is but one; unique.</def>
<q>These busts of the emperors and empresses are all very scarce,
and some of them almost <qex>singular</qex> in their kind.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<cs><col>Singular point in a curve</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>,
<cd>a point at which the curve possesses some peculiar properties
not possessed by other points of the curve, as a cusp point, or a
multiple point.</cd> -- <col>Singular proposition</col>
<fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a proposition having as its subject a
singular term, or a common term limited to an individual by means
of a singular sign.</cd> <au>Whately</au>. -- <col>Singular
succession</col> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld>, <cd>division among
individual successors, as distinguished from <xex>universal
succession</xex>, by which an estate descended in intestacy to
the heirs in mass.</cd> -- <col>Singular term</col>
<fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a term which represents or stands for a
single individual.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Unexampled; unprecedented; eminent; extraordinary;
remarkable; uncommon; rare; unusual; peculiar; strange; odd;
eccentric; fantastic.</syn>
<hw>Sin"gu*lar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An individual
instance; a particular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram)</fld> <def>The singular number, or the
number denoting one person or thing; a word in the singular
number.</def>
<hw>Sin"gu*lar*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
affects singularity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A clownish <qex>singularist</qex>, or nonconformist to
ordinary usage.</q>
<qau>Borrow.</qau>
<hw>Sin`gu*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Singularities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>singularitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>singularit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being singular; some
character or quality of a thing by which it is distinguished from
all, or from most, others; peculiarity.</def>
<q>Pliny addeth this <qex>singularity</qex> to that soil, that
the second year the very falling down of the seeds yieldeth
corn.</q>
<qau>Sir. W. Raleigh.</qau>
<q>I took notice of this little figure for the
<qex>singularity</qex> of the instrument.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything singular, rare, or curious.</def>
<q>Your gallery
Have we passed through, not without much content
In many <qex>singularities</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Possession of a particular or exclusive
privilege, prerogative, or distinction.</def>
<q>No bishop of Rome ever took upon him this name of
<qex>singularity</qex> [universal bishop].</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<q>Catholicism . . . must be understood in opposition to the
legal <qex>singularity</qex> of the Jewish nation.</q>
<qau>Bp. Pearson.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Celibacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Sin"gu*lar*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
make singular or single; to distinguish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sin"gu*lar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a
singular manner; in a manner, or to a degree, not common to
others; extraordinarily; <as>as, to be <ex>singularly</ex> exact
in one's statements; <ex>singularly</ex> considerate of
others.</as></def> \'bd<xex>Singularly</xex> handsome.\'b8
<au>Milman.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Strangely; oddly; <as>as, to behave
<ex>singularly</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>So as to express one, or the singular
number.</def>
<hw>Sin"gult</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>singultus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sigh or sobbing; also, a
hiccough.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser. W. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sin*gul"tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or affected with,
hiccough.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sin*gul"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hiccough.</def>
<hw>Sin"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Sine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Trig.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to
a sine; employing, or founded upon, sines; <as>as, a
<ex>sinical</ex> quadrant</as>.</def>
<hw>Sin"i*grin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From NL.
<ets>Sinapis nigra</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
glucoside found in the seeds of black mustard (<spn>Brassica
nigra</spn>, formerly <spn>Sinapis nigra</spn>) It resembles
sinalbin, and consists of a potassium salt of myronic acid.</def>
<hw>Sin"is*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Accented on
the middle syllable by the older poets, as Shakespeare, Milton,
Dryden.]</ety> <ety>[L. <ets>sinister</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sinistre</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On the left hand, or
the side of the left hand; left; -- opposed to <xex>dexter</xex>,
or <xex>right</xex>.</def> \'bdHere on his <xex>sinister</xex>
cheek.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>My mother's blood
Runs on the dexter cheek, and this <qex>sinister</qex>
Bounds in my father's</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ In heraldy the <xex>sinister</xex> side of an
escutcheon is the side which would be on the left of the bearer
of the shield, and opposite the right hand of the
beholder.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unlucky; inauspicious; disastrous; injurious;
evil; -- the left being usually regarded as the unlucky side;
<as>as, <ex>sinister</ex> influences</as>.</def>
<q>All the several ills that visit earth,
Brought forth by night, with a <qex>sinister</qex> birth.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Wrong, as springing from indirection or
obliquity; perverse; dishonest; corrupt; <as>as,
<ex>sinister</ex> aims</as>.</def>
<q>Nimble and <qex>sinister</qex> tricks and shifts.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>He scorns to undermine another's interest by any
<qex>sinister</qex> or inferior arts.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<q>He read in their looks . . . <qex>sinister</qex> intentions
directed particularly toward himself.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Indicative of lurking evil or harm; boding
covert danger; <as>as, a <ex>sinister</ex>
countenance</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Bar sinister</col>. <fld>(Her.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Bar</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>Sinister aspect</col>
<fld>(Astrol.)</fld>, <cd>an appearance of two planets happening
according to the succession of the signs, as Saturn in Aries, and
Mars in the same degree of Gemini.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sinister
base</col>, <col>Sinister chief</col></mcol>. <cd>See under
<er>Escutcheon</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sin"is*ter-hand"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Left-handed; hence, unlucky.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Lovelace.</au>
<hw>Sin"is*ter*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sinister
manner.</def>
<au>Wood.</au>
<hw>Sin"is*trad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sinistra</ets> the left hand + <ets>ad</ets> tp.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Toward the left side;
sinistrally.</def>
<hw>Sin"is*tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to the left, inclining to the left;
sinistrous; -- opposed to <xex>dextral</xex>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the whorls of the
spire revolving or rising to the left; reversed; -- said of
certain spiral shells.</def>
<hw>Sin`is*tral"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being sinistral.</def>
<hw>Sin"is*tral*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward
the left; in a sinistral manner.</def>
<au>J. Le Conte.</au>
<hw>Sin"is*trin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sinister</ets> left.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
mucilaginous carbohydrate, resembling achro\'94dextrin, extracted
from squill as a colorless amorphous substance; -- so called
because it is levorotatory.</def>
<hw>Sin`is*tror"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L.<ets>sinistrorsus</ets>, <ets>sinistroversus</ets>,
turned toward the left side; <ets>sinister</ets> left +
<ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>vortere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>,
<ets>vorsum</ets>, to turn.]</ety> <def>Rising spirally from
right to left (of the spectator); sinistrorse.</def>
<hw>Sin"is*trorse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sinistrolsal</er>.]</ety> <def>Turning to the left (of the
spectator) in the ascending line; -- the opposite of
<xex>dextrorse</xex>. See <er>Dextrorse</er>.</def>
<hw>Sin"is*trous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sinister</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Being on the left
side; inclined to the left; sinistral.</def>
\'bd<xex>Sinistrous</xex> gravity.\'b8
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<-- p. 1345 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wrong; absurd; perverse.</def>
<q>A knave or fool can do no harm, even by the most
<qex>sinistrous</qex> and absurd choice.</q>
<qau>Bentley.</qau>
<hw>Sin"is*trous*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>In a sinistrous manner; perversely; wrongly;
unluckily.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>With a tendency to use the left hand.</def>
<q>Many, in their infancy, are <qex>sinistrously</qex> disposed,
and divers continue all their life left-handed.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<hw>Sink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Sunk</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, or
(<er>Sank</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>); <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Sunk</er>
(<mark>obs.</mark> <er>Sunken</er>, -- now used as
<pos>adj.</pos>)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sinken</ets>, AS.
<ets>sincan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zinken</ets>, OS.
<ets>sincan</ets>, G. <ets>sinken</ets>, Icel.
<ets>s\'94kkva</ets>, Dan. <ets>synke</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sjunka</ets>, Goth. <ets>siggan</ets>, and probably to E.
<ets>silt</ets>. Cf. <er>Silt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
fall by, or as by, the force of gravity; to descend lower and
lower; to decline gradually; to subside; <as>as, a stone
<ex>sinks</ex> in water; waves rise and <ex>sink</ex>; the sun
<ex>sinks</ex> in the west</as>.</def>
<q>I <qex>sink</qex> in deep mire.</q>
<qau>Ps. lxix. 2.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To enter deeply; to fall or retire beneath or
below the surface; to penetrate.</def>
<q>The stone <qex>sunk</qex> into his forehead.</q>
<qau>1 San. xvii. 49.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to enter so as to make an abiding
impression; to enter completely.</def>
<q>Let these sayings <qex>sink</qex> down into your ears.</q>
<qau>Luke ix. 44.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be overwhelmed or depressed; to fall slowly,
as so the ground, from weakness or from an overburden; to fail in
strength; to decline; to decay; to decrease.</def>
<q>I think our country <qex>sinks</qex> beneath the yoke.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>He <qex>sunk</qex> down in his chariot.</q>
<qau>2 Kings ix. 24.</qau>
<q>Let not the fire <qex>sink</qex> or slacken.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To decrease in volume, as a river; to subside;
to become diminished in volume or in apparent height.</def>
<q>The Alps and Pyreneans <qex>sink</qex> before him.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To fall; subside; drop; droop; lower; decline;
decay; decrease; lessen.</syn>
<hw>Sink</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
sink; to put under water; to immerse or submerge in a fluid;
<as>as, to <ex>sink</ex> a ship</as>.</def>
<q>[The Athenians] fell upon the wings and <qex>sank</qex> a
single ship.</q>
<qau>Jowett (Thucyd.).</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively: To cause to decline; to depress;
to degrade; hence, to ruin irretrievably; to destroy, as by
drowping; <as>as, to <ex>sink</ex> one's reputation</as>.</def>
<q>I raise of <qex>sink</qex>, imprison or set free.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<q>If I have a conscience, let it <qex>sink</qex> me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Thy cruel and unnatural lust of power
Has <qex>sunk</qex> thy father more than all his years.</q>
<qau>Rowe.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make (a depression) by digging, delving, or
cutting, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>sink</ex> a pit or a well; to
<ex>sink</ex> a die.</as></def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To bring low; to reduce in quantity; to
waste.</def>
<q>You <qex>sunk</qex> the river repeated draughts.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To conseal and appropriate.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<q>If sent with ready money to buy anything, and you happen to be
out of pocket, <qex>sink</qex> the money, and take up the goods
on account.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To keep out of sight; to suppress; to
ignore.</def>
<q>A courtly willingness to <qex>sink</qex> obnoxious truths.</q>
<qau>Robertson.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To reduce or extinguish by payment; <as>as, to
<ex>sink</ex> the national debt</as>.</def>
<hw>Sink</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A drain to carry
off filthy water; a jakes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A shallow box or vessel of wood, stone, iron, or
other material, connected with a drain, and used for receiving
filthy water, etc., as in a kitchen.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hole or low place in land or rock, where
waters sink and are lost; -- called also <altname>sink
hole</altname>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<cs><col>Sink hole</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The opening to a sink
drain</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A cesspool</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<cd>Same as <er>Sink</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sink"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, sinks.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A weight
on something, as on a fish line, to sink it</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>In knitting machines, one of the thin plates, blades, or
other devices, that depress the loops upon or between the
needles.</def>
<cs><col>Dividing sinker</col>, <cd>in knitting machines, a
sinker between two jack sinkers and acting alternately with
them.</cd> -- <col>Jack sinker</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Jack</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <plu>Sinker bar</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In knitting machines, a bar to which one set of
the sinkers is attached</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In deep well
boring, a heavy bar forming a connection between the lifting rope
and the boring tools, above the jars.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sink"ing</hw>, <pos>a & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Sink</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Sinking fund</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fund</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sinking head</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>a riser from
which the mold is fed as the casting shrinks. See <er>Riser</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Sinking pump</col>, <cd>a pump
which can be lowered in a well or a mine shaft as the level of
the water sinks.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sin"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from
sin.</def>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sin"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sin"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sin"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who has
sinned; especially, one who has sinned without repenting; hence,
a persistent and incorrigible transgressor; one condemned by the
law of God.</def>
<hw>Sin"ner</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act as a sinner.</def>
<mark>[Humorous]</mark>
<q>Whether the charmer <qex>sinner</qex> it or saint it.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Sin"ner*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who sins.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sin"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sennit</er> .</def>
<hw>Sin`o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sinilogue</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the Chinese language
or literature.</def>
<hw>Si*nol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sinilogue.</def>
<hw>Sin"o*logue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.
<ets>Sinae</ets>, an Oriental people mentioned by Ptolemy, or Ar.
<ets>Sin</ets> China or the Chinese + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ discourse;
formed like <ets>theologue</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sinologue</ets>.]</ety> <def>A student of Chinese; one
versed in the Chinese language, literature, and history.</def>
<hw>Si*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sinologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of systemized
knowledge which treats of the Chinese, their language,
literature, etc.</def>
<hw>Sin"o*per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>Sinople.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Si*no"pi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Si*no"pis</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A red pigment made from
sinopite.</def>
<hw>Sin"o*pite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>sinopis</ets> (sc. <ets>terra</ets>), a red earth or ocher
found in <ets>Sinope</ets>, a town in Paphlagoma, on the Black
Sea, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A brickred
ferruginous clay used by the ancients for red paint.</def>
<hw>Sin"o*ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>Ferruginous quartz, of a blood-red or brownish red color,
sometimes with a tinge of yellow.</def>
<hw>Sin"o*ple</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. LL.
<ets>sinopis</ets>. See <er>Sinople</er> a mineral.]</ety>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The tincture vert; green.</def>
<hw>Sinque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Cinque</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Beau & Fl.</au>
<hw>Sins"ring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Banxring</er>.</def>
<hw>Sin"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G. Cf.
<er>Cinder</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Dross, as of iron;
the scale which files from iron when hammered; -- applied as a
name to various minerals.</def>
<cs><col>Calcareous sinter</col>, <cd>a loose banded variety of
calcite formed by deposition from lime-bearing waters; calcareous
tufa; travertine.</cd> -- <col>Ceraunian sinter</col>,
<cd>fulgurite.</cd> -- <col>Siliceous sinter</col>, <cd>a light
cellular or fibrous opal; especially, geyserite (see
<er>Geyserite</er>). It has often a pearly luster, and is then
called <xex>pearl sinter<xex>.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sin"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Sin"tu</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sin"to*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sin"to*ist</hw> }</mhw>. <def>See <er>Shinto</er>,
etc.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sin"toc</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
spice used in the East Indies, consisting of the bark of a
species of <spn>Cinnamomum.</spn></def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sindoc</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sin"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sinuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>sinuare</ets> to wind, bend,
fr. <ets>sinus</ets> a bend.]</ety> <def>Having the margin
alternately curved inward and outward; having rounded lobes
separated by rounded sinuses; sinuous; wavy.</def>
<hw>Sin"u*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sinuated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sinuating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bend or curve in and
out; to wind; to turn; to be sinusous.</def>
<au>Woodward.</au>
<hw>Sin"u*a`ted</hw> <pr>(\'3e)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sinuate</er>.</def>
<hw>Sin`u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sinuatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A winding or bending in and
out.</def>
<hw>Sin"u*ose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sinuous.</def>
<au>Loudon.</au>
<hw>Sin`u*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sinuosities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sinuosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Quality or state
of being sinuous.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bend, or a series of bends and turns; a
winding, or a series of windings; a wave line; a curve.</def>
<q>A line of coast certainly amounting, with its
<qex>sinuosities</qex>, to more than 700 miles.</q>
<qau>Sydney Smith.</qau>
<hw>Sin"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sinuosus</ets>, fr. <ets>sinus</ets> a bent surface, a
curve: cf. F. <ets>sinueux</ets>. See <er>Sinus</er>.]</ety>
<def>Bending in and out; of a serpentine or undulating form;
winding; crooked.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sin"u*ous*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<q>Streaking the ground with <qex>sinuous</qex> trace.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Gardens bright with <qex>sinuous</qex> rills.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Si`nu*pal"li*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a pallial sinus. See under
<er>Sinus</er>.</def>
<hw>Si"nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>Sinus</plw>, E. <plw>Sinuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.
<ety>[L., a bent surface, a curve, the folds or bosom of a
garment, etc., a bay. Cf. <er>Sine</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An opening; a hollow; a bending.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bay of the sea; a recess in the shore.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cavity; a
depression.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cavity in a
bone or other part, either closed or with a narrow opening</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A dilated vessel or canal.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A narrow, elongated cavity, in
which pus is collected; an elongated abscess with only a small
orifice.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A depression between adjoining
lobes.</def>
<note><hand/ A sinus may be rounded, as in the leaf of the white
oak, or acute, as in that of the red maple.</note>
<cs><col>Pallial sinus</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Pallial</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sinus venosus</col> <pr>(?)</pr>.
<ety>[L., venous dilatation.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The main part of the cavity of the right auricle
of the heart in the higher vertebrates.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In
the lower vertebrates, a distinct chamber of the heart formed by
the union of the large systematic veins and opening into the
auricle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Si"nus*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sinus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The curve whose ordinates are
proportional to the sines of the abscissas, the equation of the
curve being <mathex>y = a sin x</mathex>. It is also called the
<altname>curve of sines</altname>.</def><-- pref. sine curve -->
<hw>Si`nus*oid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a sinusoid; like a
sinusoid.</def>
<hw>Sio"goon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shogun</er>.</def>
<hw>Sio*goon"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Shogunate</er>.</def>
<hw>Sioux</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>
<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dakotas</er>.</def>
<hw>Sip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.
& p. p.</pos> <er>Sipped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sipping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sippen</ets>; akin to OD. <ets>sippen</ets>, and AS.
<ets>s<?/pan</ets> to sip, suck up, drink. See <er>Sup</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To drink or imbibe in
small quantities; especially, to take in with the lips in small
quantities, as a liquid; <as>as, to <ex>sip</ex> tea</as>.</def>
\'bdEvery herb that <xex>sips</xex> the dew.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw into the mouth; to suck up; <as>as, a
bee <ex>sips</ex> nectar from the flowers</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To taste the liquor of; to drink out of.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<q>They skim the floods, and <qex>sip</qex> the purple
flowers.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sip</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To drink a small quantity; to
take a fluid with the lips; to take a sip or sips of
something.</def>
<q>[She] raised it to her mouth with sober grace;
Then, <qex>sipping</qex>, offered to the next in place.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sip</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of sipping;
the taking of a liquid with the lips.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small draught taken with the lips; a slight
taste.</def>
<q>One <qex>sip</qex> of this
Will bathe the drooping spirits in delight
Beyond the bliss of dreams.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>A <qex>sip</qex> is all that the public ever care to take from
reservoirs of abstract philosophy.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Sip"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Seepage</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot. & U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Seep</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot. & U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Siph"i*lis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Syphilis.</def>
<hw>Si"phoid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sipho</ets> a siphon + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>vase
sipho\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>A siphon bottle. See under
<er>Siphon</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>
<hw>Si"phon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>siphon</ets>, L. <ets>sipho</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, fr. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a siphon, tube, pipe.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A device,
consisting of a pipe or tube bent so as to form two branches or
legs of unequal length, by which a liquid can be transferred to a
lower level, as from one vessel to another, over an intermediate
elevation, by the action of the pressure of the atmosphere in
forcing the liquid up the shorter branch of the pipe immersed in
it, while the continued excess of weight of the liquid in the
longer branch (when once filled) causes a continuous flow. The
flow takes place only when the discharging extremity of the pipe
ia lower than the higher liquid surface, and when no part of the
pipe is higher above the surface than the same liquid will rise
by atmospheric pressure; that is, about 33 feet for water, and 30
inches for mercury, near the sea level.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the
tubes or folds of the mantle border of a bivalve or gastropod
mollusk by which water is conducted into the gill cavity. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Mya</er>, and
<er>Lamellibranchiata</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The anterior
prolongation of the margin of any gastropod shell for the
protection of the soft siphon.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The
tubular organ through which water is ejected from the gill cavity
of a cephaloid. It serves as a locomotive organ, by guiding and
confining the jet of water. Called also
<altname>siphuncle</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Loligo</er>, and <er>Dibranchiata</er>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>
<def>The siphuncle of a cephalopod shell.</def> <sd>(e)</sd>
<def>The sucking proboscis of certain parasitic insects and
crustaceans.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A sproutlike prolongation in
front of the mouth of many gephyreans.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>A
tubular organ connected both with the esophagus and the intestine
of certain sea urchins and annelids.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A siphon bottle.</def>
<cs><col>Inverted siphon</col>, <cd>a tube bent like a siphon,
but having the branches turned upward; specifically
<fld>(Hydraulic Engineering)</fld>, a pipe for conducting water
beneath a depressed place, as from one hill to another across an
intervening valley, following the depression of the ground.</cd>
-- <col>Siphon barometer</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Barometer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Siphon bottle</col>, <cd>a
bottle for holding a\'89rated water, which is driven out through
a bent tube in the neck by the gas within the bottle when a valve
in the tube is opened; -- called also
<altname>gazogene</altname>, and
<altname>siphoid</altname>.</cd><-- seltzer bottle? --> --
<col>Siphon condenser</col>, <cd>a condenser for a steam engine,
in which the vacuum is maintained by the downward flow of water
through a vertical pipe of great height.</cd> -- <col>Siphon
cup</col>, <cd>a cup with a siphon attached for carrying off any
liquid in it; specifically <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, an oil cup in
which oil is carried over the edge of a tube in a cotton wick,
and so reaches the surface to be lubricated.</cd> -- <col>Siphon
gauge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gauge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Siphon
pump</col>, <cd>a jet pump. See under <er>Jet</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>
<hw>Si"phon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To convey, or draw off, by means of a
siphon, as a liquid from one vessel to another at a lower
level.</def>
<hw>Si"phon*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The action
of a siphon.</def>
<hw>Si"phon*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a siphon; resembling a siphon.</def>
<cs><col>Siphonal stomach</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
stomach which is tubular and bent back upon itself, like a
siphon, as in the salmon.</cd></cs>
<hw>Si`pho*na"rid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of
limpet-shaped pulmonate gastropods of the genus
<spn>Siphonaria</spn>. They cling to rocks between high and low
water marks and have both lunglike organs and gills.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Si`pho*na"rid</wf>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>\'d8Si`pho*na"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of bivalve
mollusks in which the posterior mantle border is prolonged into
two tubes or siphons. Called also <altname>Siphoniata</altname>.
See <er>Siphon</er>, 2 <sd>(a)</sd>, and <er>Quahaug</er>.</def>
<hw>Si"phon*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having a siphon or siphons.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the
Siphonata.</def>
<hw>Si"phon*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the two dorsal tubular organs
on the hinder part of the abdomen of aphids. They give exit to
the honeydew. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Aphis</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si*pho"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A former name for a
euphorbiaceous genus (<spn>Hevea</spn>) of South American trees,
the principal source of caoutchouc.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si*pho`ni*a"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Siphonata</er>.</def>
<hw>Si*phon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a siphon.</def>
<hw>Si*phon"i*fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
L. <ets>sipho</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, siphon + <ets>ferre</ets>
to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any cephalopod having
a siphonate shell.</def>
<hw>Si"phon*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Siphon</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Siphon-bearing, as the shell of the
nautilus and other cephalopods.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si*pho"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Siphonia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/, dim. of <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Siphon</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bony tube which, in some birds,
connects the tympanium with the air chambers of the articular
piece of the mandible.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si`pho*no*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.
pl.</pos> <ety>[NL. See <er>Siphon</er>, and
<er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of
gastropods having the mantle border, on one or both sides,
prolonged in the form of a spout through which water enters the
gill cavity. The shell itself is not always siphonostomatous in
this group.</def>
<-- p. 1346 -->
<hw>Si`pho*no*bran"chi*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a siphon, or siphons, to convey
water to the gills; belonging or pertaining to the
Siphonobranchiata.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
Siphonobranchiata.</def></def2>
<hw>Si`pho*nog"ly*phe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Siphon</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to engrave.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gonidium.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si`pho*noph"o*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a siphon + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to
bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of pelagic
Hydrozoa including species which form complex free-swimming
communities composed of numerous zooids of various kinds, some of
which act as floats or as swimming organs, others as feeding or
nutritive zooids, and others as reproductive zooids. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Physallia</er>, and
<er>Porpita</er>.</def>
<hw>Si`pho*noph"o*ran</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Siphonophora.</def>
-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the Siphonophora.</def></def2>
<hw>Si*phon"o*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Siphonophora.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si`pho*nop"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Siphon</er>, and <er>-poda</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Scaphopoda including
those in which the foot terminates in a circular disk.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si`pho*no*stom"a*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Siphon</er>, and <er>Stoma</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tribe of parasitic
copepod Crustacea including a large number of species that are
parasites of fishes, as the lerneans. They have a mouth adapted
to suck blood.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An artificial division of
gastropods including those that have siphonostomatous
shells.</def>
<hw>Si`pho*no*stom"a*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the front edge of
the aperture of the shell prolonged in the shape of a channel for
the protection of the siphon; -- said of certain
gastropods.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the
Siphonostomata.</def>
<hw>Si`pho*nos"tome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a siphon + <?/<?/<?/ mouth.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any parasitic
entomostracan of the tribe Siphonostomata.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A siphonostomatous shell.</def>
<hw>Si`pho*rhi"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Siphon</ets> + <ets>rhinal</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having tubular nostrils, as the
petrels.</def>
<hw>Si`pho*rhin"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A siphorhinal bird.</def>
<hw>Si"phun`cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>siphunculus</ets>, <ets>sipunculus</ets>, dim. of
<ets>sipho</ets>. See <er>Siphon</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tube which runs through the
partitions of chambered cephalopod shells.</def>
<hw>Si"phun`cled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a siphuncle;
siphunculated.</def>
<hw>Si*phun"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
siphuncle.</def>
<hw>Si*phun"cu*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a siphuncle.</def>
<au>Huxley.</au>
<hw>Sip"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Insipid</er>, <er>Sapid</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a taste or
flavorl savory; sapid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cockeram.</au>
<hw>Sip"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whi
sips.</def>
<hw>Sip"pet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sip</er>, <er>Sop</er>.]</ety> <def>A small sop; a small,
thin piece of toasted bread soaked in milk, broth, or the like; a
small piece of toasted or fried bread cut into some special shape
and used for garnishing.</def>
<q>Your sweet <qex>sippets</qex> in widows' houses.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sip"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Freq. of
<ets>sip</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sip often.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sip"pling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sipping
often.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTaken after a
<xex>sippling</xex> sort.\'b8
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>\'d8Si*pun`cu*la"ce*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from <ets>Sipunculus</ets>, the typical genus. See
<er>Siphuncle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder
of Gephyrea, including those which have the body unarmed and the
intestine opening anteriorly.</def>
<hw>Si*pun"cu*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>Sipunculus</ets>, the typical genus +
<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to
the Sipunculoidea.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
Sipunculoidea.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Si*pun`cu*loi"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as
<er>Gephyrea</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a restricted sense,
same as <er>Sipunculacea</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si` quis"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L., if any one (the
first words of the notice in Latin).]</ety> <fld>(Ch. of
Eng.)</fld> <def>A notification by a candidate for orders of his
intention to inquire whether any impediment may be alleged
against him.</def>
<hw>Sir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sire</ets>, F. <ets>sire</ets>, contr. from the nominative
L. <ets>senior</ets> an elder, elderly person, compar. of
<ets>senex</ets>,<ets>senis</ets>, an aged person; akin to Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ old, Skr. <ets>sana</ets>, Goth. <ets>sineigs</ets>
old, <ets>sinista</ets> eldest, Ir. & Gael. <ets>sean</ets> old,
W. <ets>hen</ets>. Cf. <er>Seignior</er>, <er>Senate</er>,
<er>Seneschal</er>, <er>Senior</er>, <er>Senor</er>,
<er>Signor</er>, <er>Sire</er>, <er>Sirrah</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A man of social authority and dignity; a lord; a
master; a gentleman; -- in this sense usually spelled
<xex>sire</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>He was crowned lord and <qex>sire</qex>.</q>
<qau>Gower.</qau>
<q>In the election of a <qex>sir</qex> so rare.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A title prefixed to the Christian name of a
knight or a baronet.</def>
<q><qex>Sir</qex> Horace Vere, his brother, was the principal in
the active part.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An English rendering of the LAtin
<xex>Dominus</xex>, the academical title of a bachelor of arts;
-- formerly colloquially, and sometimes contemptuously, applied
to the clergy.</def>
<au>Nares.</au>
<q>Instead of a faithful and painful teacher, they hire a
<qex>Sir</qex> John, which hath better skill in playing at
tables, or in keeping of a garden, than in God's word.</q>
<qau>Latimer.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A respectful title, used in addressing a man,
without being prefixed to his name; -- used especially in
speaking to elders or superiors; sometimes, also, used in the way
of emphatic formality.</def> \'bdWhat's that to you,
<xex>sir</xex>?\'b8
<au>Sheridan.</au>
<note><hand/ Anciently, this title, was often used when a person
was addressed as a man holding a certain office, or following a
certain business. \'bd<xex>Sir</xex> man of law.\'b8
\'bd<xex>Sir</xex> parish priest.\'b8</note>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<cs><col>Sir reverance</col>. <cd>See under <er>Reverence</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>
<hw>Si*ras"kier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Seraskier</er>.</def>
<hw>Si*ras"kier*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Seraskierate</er>.</def>
<hw>Sir*bo"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Serbonian</er>.</def>
<hw>Sir*car"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind. & Per.
<ets>sark\'ber</ets> a superintendant, overseer, chief; Per.
<ets>sar</ets> the head + <ets>k\'ber</ets> action, work.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A Hindoo clerk or accountant.</def>
<mark>[India]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A district or province; a circar.</def>
<mark>[India]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The government; the supreme authority of the
state.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>
<hw>Sir*dar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <ety>[Hind. & Per.
<ets>sard\'ber</ets> a chief, general; <ets>sar</ets> the head,
top + <ets>d\'ber</ets> holding, possessing.]</ety> <def>A native
chief in Hindostan; a headman.</def>
<au>Malcom.</au>
<hw>Sire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sire</ets>, originally, an older person. See
<er>Sir</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lord, master, or other
person in authority. See <er>Sir</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Pain and distress, sickness and ire,
And melancholy that angry <qex>sire</qex>,
Be of her palace senators.</q>
<qau>Rom. of R.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tittle of respect formerly used in speaking to
elders and superiors, but now only in addressing a
sovereign.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A father; the head of a family; the
husband.</def>
<q>Jankin thet was our <qex>sire</qex> [i.e., husband].</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>And raise his issue, like a loving <qex>sire</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A creator; a maker; an author; an
originator.</def>
<q>[He] was the <qex>sire</qex> of an immortal strain.</q>
<qau>Shelley.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The male parent of a beast; -- applied
especially to horses; <as>as, the horse had a good
<ex>sire</ex></as>.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sire</xex> is often used in composition; as in
grand<xex>sire</xex>, grandfather; great-grand<xex>sire</xex>,
great-grandfather.</note>
<hw>Sire</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sired</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Siring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To beget; to procreate; --
used of beasts, and especially of stallions.</def>
<hw>Si*re"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from
Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a siren.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
larval form of any salamander while it still has external gills;
especially, one of those which, like the axolotl (<spn>Amblystoma
Mexicanum</spn>), sometimes lay eggs while in this larval state,
but which under more favorable conditions lose their gills and
become normal salamanders. See also <er>Axolotl</er>.</def>
<hw>Si"ren</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/: cf. F. <ets>sir\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of three sea nymphs, -- or,
according to some writers, of two, -- said to frequent an island
near the coast of Italy, and to sing with such sweetness that
they lured mariners to destruction.</def>
<q>Next where the <qex>sirens</qex> dwell you plow the seas;
Their song is death, and makes destruction please.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An enticing, dangerous woman.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something which is insidious or deceptive.</def>
<q>Consumption is a <qex>siren</qex>.</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A mermaid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any long, slender
amphibian of the genus <spn>Siren</spn> or family
<spn>Sirenid\'91</spn>, destitute of hind legs and pelvis, and
having permanent external gills as well as lungs. They inhabit
the swamps, lagoons, and ditches of the Southern United States.
The more common species (<spn>Siren lacertina</spn>) is dull
lead-gray in color, and becames two feet long.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <ety>[F. <ets>sir\'8ane</ets>, properly, a siren in
sense 1.]</ety> <fld>(Acoustics)</fld> <def>An instrument for
producing musical tones and for ascertaining the number of sound
waves or vibrations per second which produce a note of a given
pitch. The sounds are produced by a perforated rotating disk or
disks. A form with two disks operated by steam or highly
compressed air is used sounding an alarm to vessels in fog.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>sirene</asp>, and
<asp>syren</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Si"ren</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a siren;
bewitching, like a siren; fascinating; alluring; <as>as, a
<ex>siren</ex> song</as>.</def>
<hw>Si*rene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Siren</er>, 6.</def>
<hw>Si*re"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld><def>An order of large
aquatic herbivorous mammals, including the manatee, dugong,
rytina, and several fossil genera.</def>
<note><hand/ The hind limbs are either rudimentary or wanting,
and the front ones are changed to paddles. They have horny plates
on the front part of the jaws, and usually flat-crowned molar
teeth. The stomach is complex and the intestine long, as in other
herbivorous mammals. See <er>Cetacea</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</note>
<hw>Si*re"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of Sirenia.</def>
<hw>Si*ren"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like, or
appropriate to, a siren; fascinating; deceptive.</def>
<q>Here's couple of <qex>sirenical</qex> rascals shall enchant
ye.</q>
<qau>Marton.</qau>
<hw>Si"ren*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use
the enticements of a siren; to act as a siren; to
fascinate.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si*ri"a*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/ the Dog Star, properly,
scorching.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
sunstroke.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act of exposing to a sun
bath. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> Cf. <er>Insolation</er>.</def>
<hw>Sir"i*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/, properly, scorching.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>
<def>The Dog Star. See <er>Dog Star</er>.</def>
<hw>Sir"keer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of Asiatic
cuckoos of the genus <spn>Taccocua</spn>, as the Bengal
<ex>sirkeer</ex> (<spn>T. sirkee</spn>).</def>
<hw>Sir"loin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A corruption
of <ets>surloin</ets>. Not so called because this cut of beaf was
once jocosely knighted (dubbed Sir Loin) by an English king, as
according to a popular story.]</ety> <def>A loin of beef, or a
part of a loin.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>surloin</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sir"name`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Surname</er>.</def>
<hw>Si"roc</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sirocco</er>.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<au>Emerson.</au>
<hw>Si*roc"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Siroccos</plw>(?)</plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>sirocco</ets>,
<ets>scirocco</ets>, Ar. <ets>shorug</ets>, fr. <ets>sharq</ets>
the rising of the sun, the east, fr, <ets>sharaca</ets> to rise
as the sun. Cf. <er>Saracen</er>.]</ety> <def>An oppressive,
relaxing wind from the Libyan deserts, chiefly experienced in
Italy, Malta, and Sicily.</def>
<hw>Sir"rah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably from
Icel. <ets>s\'c6ra</ets>, fr. F. <ets>sire</ets>. See
<er>Sir</er>.]</ety> <def>A term of address implying inferiority
and used in anger, contempt, reproach, or disrespectful
familiarity, addressed to a man or boy, but sometimes to a woman.
In sililoquies often preceded by <xex>ah</xex>. Not used in the
plural.</def> \'bdAh, <xex>sirrah</xex> mistress.\'b8
<-- archaic -->
<au>Beau & Fl.</au>
<q>Go, <qex>sirrah</qex>, to my cell.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sirt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Syrt</er>.]</ety> <def>A quicksand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sir"up</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <hw>Syr"up</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sirop</ets> (cf. It.
<ets>siroppo</ets>, Sp. <ets>jarabe</ets>, <ets>jarope</ets>, LL.
<ets>siruppus</ets>, <ets>syrupus</ets>), fr. Ar.
<ets>shar\'beb</ets> a drink, wine, coffee, sirup. Cf.
<er>Sherbet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thick and viscid
liquid made from the juice of fruits, herbs, etc., boiled with
sugar.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thick and viscid saccharine solution of
superior quality (as sugarhouse <xex>sirup</xex> or molasses,
maple <xex>sirup</xex>); specifically, in pharmacy and often in
cookery, a saturated solution of sugar and water (<xex>simple
sirup</xex>), or such a solution flavored or medicated.</def>
<q>Lucent <qex>sirups</qex> tinct with cinnamon.</q>
<qau>Keats.</qau>
<cs><col>Mixing sirup</col>. <cd>See the Note under
<er>Dextrose</er>.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sir"uped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Syr"uped</hw>
}</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moistened, covered, or sweetened with
sirup, or sweet juice.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sir"up*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Syr"up*y</hw>
}</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like sirup, or partaking of its
qualities.</def>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sir`vente"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sirvente</ets>, fr. Pr. <ets>sirventes</ets>,
<ets>sirventesc</ets>, originally, the poem of, or concerning, a
<ets>sirvent</ets>, fr. <ets>sirvent</ets>, properly, serving,
n., one who serves (<ets>e</ets>. <ets>g</ets>., as a soldier),
fr. <ets>servir</ets> to serve, L. <ets>servire</ets>.]</ety>
<def>A peculiar species of poetry, for the most part devoted to
moral and religious topics, and commonly satirical, -- often used
by the troubadours of the Middle Ages.</def>
<hw>Sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A colloquial
abbreviation of <er>Sister</er>.</def>
<hw>Sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Six. See
<er>Sise</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Si*sal" grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Si*sal"
hemp`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw><def>The prepared fiber of the
<spn>Agave Americana</spn>, or American aloe, used for cordage;
-- so called from <xex>Sisal</xex>, a port in Yucatan. See
<cref>Sisal hemp</cref>, under <er>Hemp</er>.</def>
<hw>Sis"co*wet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF American
Indian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, fat
variety of the namaycusa found in Lake Superior; -- called also
<altname>siskawet</altname>, <altname>siskiwit</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Assize</er>.]</ety> <def>An assize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sice</er>.]</ety> <def>Six; the highest number on a die; the
cast of six in throwing dice.</def>
<q>In the new casting of a die, when ace is on the top,
<qex>sise</qex> must needs be at the bottom.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<hw>Sis"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>ziesel</ets>. Cf. <er>Zizel</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The suslik.</def>
<hw>Si"ser</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Cider. See
<er>Sicer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sis"e*ra*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sis"e*ra*ry</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hard blow.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Sis"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dan.
<ets>sisgen</ets>; cf. Sw. <ets>siska</ets>, G.
<ets>zeisig</ets>, D. <ets>sijsje</ets>; of Slav. origin; cf.
Pol. <ets>czy<?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A small green and yellow European finch (<spn>Spinus
spinus</spn>, or <spn>Carduelis spinus</spn>); -- called also
<altname>aberdevine</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
American pinefinch (<spn>S. pinus</spn>); -- called also
<altname>pine siskin</altname>. See <er>Pinefinch</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ The name is applied also to several other related
species found in Asia and South America.</note>
<cs><col>Siskin green</col>, <cd>a delicate shade of yellowish
green, as in the mineral torbernite.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sis"ki*wit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The siscowet.</def>
<hw>Sis"mo*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Seismograph</er>.</def>
<hw>Sis*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Seismometer</er>.</def>
<hw>Siss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Of imitative
origin; cf. D. <ets>sissen</ets>, G. <ets>zischen</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To make a hissing sound; <as>as, a flatiron hot enough to
<ex>siss</ex> when touched with a wet finger</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq. U. S.; Local, Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Siss</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hissing noise.</def>
<mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Sis*soo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.
<ets>s\'c6s<?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous
tree (<spn>Dalbergia Sissoo</spn>) of the northern parts of
India; also, the dark brown compact and durable timber obtained
from it. It is used in shipbuilding and for gun carriages,
railway ties, etc.</def>
<hw>Sist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sistere</ets> to bring to a stand, to stop.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To stay, as judicial
proceedings; to delay or suspend; to stop.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to take a place, as at the bar of a
court; hence, to cite; to summon; to bring into court.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<q>Some, however, have preposterously <qex>sisted</qex> nature as
the first or generative principle.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<-- p. 1347 -->
<hw>Sist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>
<def>A stay or suspension of proceedings; an order for a stay of
proceedings.</def>
<au>Burril.</au>
<hw>Sis"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sister</ets>, fr. Icel. systir; also <ets>suster</ets>, from
AS. <ets>sweostor</ets>, <ets>sweoster</ets>, <ets>swuster</ets>,
akin to OFries. <ets>sweester</ets>, <ets>suster</ets>, LG.
<ets>s\'81ster</ets>, <ets>suster</ets>, D. <ets>zuster</ets>,
OS. & OHG. <ets>swestar</ets>, G. <ets>schwester</ets>, Icel.
<ets>systir</ets>, Sw. <ets>syster</ets>, Dan.
<ets>s\'94ster</ets>, Goth. <ets>swistar</ets>, Lith.
<ets>ses<?/</ets>, Russ. <ets>sestra</ets>, Pol.
<ets>siostra</ets>, L. <ets>soror</ets>, Skr. <ets>svasr</ets>.
<root/298. Cf. <er>Cousin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A female
who has the same parents with another person, or who has one of
them only. In the latter case, she is more definitely called a
<xex>half sister</xex>. The correlative of
<xex>brother</xex>.</def>
<q>I am the <qex>sister</qex> of one Claudio.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A woman who is closely allied to, or assocciated
with, another person, as in the sdame faith, society, order, or
community.</def>
<au>James ii. 15.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of the same kind, or of the same condition;
-- generally used adjectively; <as>as, <ex>sister</ex>
fruits</as>.</def>
<au>Pope.</au>
<cs><col>Sister Block</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a tackle
block having two sheaves, one above the other.</cd> --
<col>Sister hooks</col>, <cd>a pair of hooks fitted together, the
shank of one forming a mousing for the other; -- called also
<altname>match hook</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sister of
charity</col>, <col>Sister of mercy</col></mcol>. <fld>(R. C.
Ch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Charity</er>, and
<er>Mercy</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sis"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To be sister to; to
resemble closely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sis"ter*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sister</ets> + <ets>hood</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The state or relation of being a sister; the office or duty
of a sister.</def>
<q>She . . . abhorr'd
Her proper blood, and left to do the part
Of <qex>sisterhood</qex>, to do that of a wife.</q>
<qau>Daniel.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A society of sisters; a society of women united
in one faith or order; sisters, collectively.</def> \'bdA
<xex>sisterhood</xex> of holy nuns.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The fair young flowers . . . a beauteous
<qex>sisterhood</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bryant.</qau>
<hw>Sis"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Contiguous.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sis"ter-in-law`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sisters-in-law</plw>(<?/).</plu> <def>The sister of one's
husband or wife; also, the wife of one's brother; sometimes, the
wife of one's husband's or wife's brother.</def>
<hw>Sis"ter*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a sister; becoming a
sister, affectionate; <as>as, <ex>sisterly</ex> kindness;
<ex>sisterly</ex> remorse.</as></def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sis"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[It.
<ets>sistino</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Pope
Sixtus.</def>
<cs><col>Sistine chapel</col>, <cd>a chapel in the Vatican at
Rome, built by Pope Sixtus IV., and decorated with frescoes by
Michael Angelo and others.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sis"tren</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<def>Sisters.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sis"trum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/,
from <?/<?/<?/ to shake.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An
instrument consisting of a thin metal frame, through which passed
a number of metal rods, and furnished with a handle by which it
was shaken and made to rattle. It was peculiarly Egyptian, and
used especially in the worship of Isis. It is still used in
Nubia.</def>
<hw>Sis`y*phe"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating
to Sisyphus; incessantly recurring; <as>as, <ex>Sisyphean</ex>
labors</as>.</def>
<hw>Sis"y*phus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Sisyphus</ets>, Sisyphus, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety>
<fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A king of Corinth, son of
\'92olus, famed for his cunning. He was killed by Theseus, and in
the lower world was condemned by Pluto to roll to the top of a
hill a huge stone, which constantly rolled back again, making his
task incessant.</def>
<hw>Sit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>obs. 3d pers. sing.
pres.</pos> of <er>Sit</er>, for <xex>sitteth</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos>
<er>Sat</er> <pr>(?)</pr> (<er>Sate</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<mark>archaic</mark>); <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Sat</er>
(<er>Sitten</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>); <pos>p. pr. &
vb. n.</pos> <er>Sitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sitten</ets>, AS. <ets>sittan</ets>; akin to OS.
<ets>sittian</ets>, OFries. <ets>sitta</ets>, D.
<ets>zitten</ets>, G. <ets>sitzen</ets>, OHG. <ets>sizzen</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sitja</ets>, SW. <ets>sitta</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sidde</ets>, Goth. <ets>sitan</ets>, Russ.
<ets>sidiete</ets>, L. <ets>sedere</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/, Skr.
<ets>sad</ets>. <root/154. Cf. <er>Assess</er>,<er>Assize</er>,
<er>Cathedral</er>, <er>Chair</er>, <er>Dissident</er>,
<er>Excise</er>, <er>Insidious</er>, <er>Possess</er>,
<er>Reside</er>, <er>Sanhedrim</er>, <er>Seance</er>,
<er>Seat</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Sedate</er>, <er>4th Sell</er>,
<er>Siege</er>, <er>Session</er>, <er>Set</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,
<er>Sizar</er>, <er>Size</er>, <er>Subsidy</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To rest upon the haunches, or the lower
extremity of the trunk of the body; -- said of human beings, and
sometimes of other animals; <as>as, to <ex>sit</ex> on a sofa, on
a chair, or on the ground</as>.</def>
<q>And he came and took the book put of the right hand of him
that <qex>sate</qex> upon the seat.</q>
<qau>Bible (1551) (Rev. v. 7.)</qau>
<q>I pray you, jest, sir, as you <qex>sit</qex> at dinner.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perch; to rest with the feet drawn up, as
birds do on a branch, pole, etc.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To remain in a state of repose; to rest; to
abide; to rest in any position or condition.</def>
<q>And Moses said to . . . the children of Reuben, Shall your
brothren go to war, and shall ye <qex>sit</qex> here?</q>
<qau>Num. xxxii. 6.</qau>
<q>Like a demigod here <qex>sit</qex> I in the sky.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To lie, rest, or bear; to press or weigh; --
with <xex>on</xex>; <as>as, a weight or burden <ex>sits</ex>
lightly upon him</as>.</def>
<q>The calamity <qex>sits</qex> heavy on us.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be adjusted; to fit; <as>as, a coat
<ex>sts</ex> well or ill</as>.</def>
<q>This new and gorgeous garment, majesty,
<qex>Sits</qex> not so easy on me as you think.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To suit one well or ill, as an act; to become;
to befit; -- used impersonally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To cover and warm eggs for hatching, as a fowl;
to brood; to incubate.</def>
<q>As the partridge <qex>sitteth</qex> on eggs, and hatcheth them
not.</q>
<qau>Jer. xvii. 11.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To have position, as at the point blown from; to
hold a relative position; to have direction.</def>
<q>Like a good miller that knows how to grind, which way soever
the wind <qex>sits</qex>.</q>
<qau>Selden.</qau>
<q><qex>Sits</qex> the wind in that quarter?</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To occupy a place or seat as a member of an
official body; <as>as, to <ex>sit</ex> in Congress</as>.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>To hold a session; to be in session for
official business; -- said of legislative assemblies, courts,
etc.; <as>as, the court <ex>sits</ex> in January; the aldermen
<ex>sit</ex> to-night</as>.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>To take a position for the purpose of having
some artistic representation of one's self made, as a picture or
a bust; <as>as, to <ex>sit</ex> to a painter</as>.</def>
<-- sit for seems more common now -->
<cs><col>To sit at</col>, <cd>to rest under; to be subject to.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA farmer can not husband his ground so
well if he <xex>sit at<xex> a great rent\'b8.
<au>Bacon</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To sit at meat</col> <or/
<col>at table</col></mcol>, <cd>to be at table for eating.</cd>
-- <col>To sit down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To place one's self
on a chair or other seat; as, <xex>to sit down<xex> when
tired</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To begin a siege; as, the enemy
<xex>sat down<xex> before the town</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To
settle; to fix a permanent abode</cd>. <au>Spenser</au>.
<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To rest; to cease as satisfied.</cd> \'bdHere we
can not <xex>sit down<xex>, but still proceed in our search.\'b8
<au>Rogers</au>.</cd> -- <col>To sit for a fellowship</col>,
<cd>to offer one's self for examination with a view to obtaining
a fellowship.</cd> <mark>[Eng. Univ.]</mark> -- <col>To sit
out</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be without engagement or
employment</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Bp. Sanderson</au>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To outstay.</cd> -- <col>To sit under</col>,
<cd>to be under the instruction or ministrations of; as, <xex>to
sit under<xex> a preacher; <xex>to sit under<xex> good
preaching.</cd> -- <col>To sit up</col>, <cd>to rise from, or
refrain from, a recumbent posture or from sleep; to sit with the
body upright; as, <xex>to sit up<xex> late at night; also, to
watch; as, <xex>to sit up<xex> with a sick person. \'bdHe that
was dead <xex>sat up<xex>, and began to speak.\'b8</cd> <au>Luke
vii. 15.</au></cs>
<hw>Sit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
sit upon; to keep one's seat upon; <as>as, he <ex>sits</ex> a
horse well</as>.</def>
<q>Hardly the muse can <qex>sit</qex> the headstrong horse.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to be seated or in a sitting posture;
to furnish a seat to; -- used reflexively.</def>
<q>They <qex>sat</qex> them down to weep.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q><qex>Sit</qex> you down, father; rest you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To suit (well <or/ ill); to become.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>
<hw>Site</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>situs</ets>, fr. <ets>sinere</ets>, <ets>situm</ets>, to
let, p. p. <ets>situs</ets> placed, lying, situate: cf. F.
<ets>site</ets>. Cf. <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The place where anything is fixed; situation; local
position; <as>as, the <ex>site</ex> of a city or of a
house</as>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place fitted or chosen for any certain
permanent use or occupation; <as>as, a <ex>site</ex> for a
church</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The posture or position of a thing.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The semblance of a lover fixed
In melancholy <qex>site</qex>.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<hw>Sit"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a site;
situated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>[The garden] <qex>sited</qex> was in fruitful soil.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sit"fast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sit</ets> + <ets>fast</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fixed;
stationary; immovable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>'T is good, when you have crossed the sea and back,
To find the <qex>sitfast</qex> acres where you left them.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Sit"fast`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A
callosity with inflamed edges, on the back of a horse, under the
saddle.</def>
<hw>Sith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep., adv., & conj.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Since</er>.]</ety> <def>Since; afterwards; seeing
that.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>We need not fear them, <qex>sith</qex> Christ is with us.</q>
<qau>Latimer.</qau>
<q><qex>Sith</qex> thou art rightful judge.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sithe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <?/<?/<?/ a path, way, time,
occasion.]</ety> <def>Time.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>And humbly thanked him a thousand <qex>sithes</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Sithe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Sigh</er>.]</ety> <def>To sigh.</def> <note>[A spelling of a
corrupt and provincial pronunciation.]</note>
<hw>Sithe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A scythe.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sithe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut with a scythe; to
scythe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sithed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Scythed.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>T. Warton.</au>
<hw>Sithe"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
mower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Marston.</au>
<hw>Sith"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. & conj.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Since</er>.]</ety> <def>Since; afterwards. See 1st
<er>Sith</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Fortune was first friend and <qex>sithen</qex> foe.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sith"ence</hw>, <hw>Sith"ens</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. & conj.</pos> <def>Since. See
<er>Sith</er>, and <er>Sithen</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<hw>Sith"then</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. & conj.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sithen</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Siththen</qex> that the world began.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Si*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ food + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on
the regulation of the diet; dietetics.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sitiology</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Si`to*pho"bi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ food + <?/<?/<?/<?/ fear.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A version to food; refusal to take
nourishment.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sitiophobia</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sit"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.
p.</pos> of <er>Sit</er>, for <xex>sat</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who sits; esp., one who sits for a portrait or a bust.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bird that sits or incubates.</def>
<hw>Sit"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>sitta</ets> the nuthatch, from Gr. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the family
<spn>Sittid\'91</spn>, or nuthatches.</def>
<hw>Sit"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being in the
state, or the position, of one who, or that which, sits.</def>
<hw>Sit"ting</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or
act of one who sits; the posture of one who occupies a
seat.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A seat, or the space occupied by or allotted for
a person, in a church, theater, etc.; <as>as, the hall has 800
<ex>sittings</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act or time of sitting, as to a portrait
painter, photographer, etc.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The actual presence or meeting of any body of
men in their seats, clothed with authority to transact business;
a session; <as>as, a <ex>sitting</ex> of the judges of the King's
Bench, or of a commission</as>.</def>
<q>The <qex>sitting</qex> closed in great agitation.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The time during which one sits while doing
something, as reading a book, playing a game, etc.</def>
<q>For the understanding of any one of St. Paul's Epistles I read
it all through at one <qex>sitting</qex>.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A brooding over eggs for hatching, as by
fowls.</def>
<q>The male bird . . . amuses her [the female] with his songs
during the whole time of her <qex>sitting</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<cs><col>Sitting room</col>, <cd>an apartment where the members
of a family usually sit, as distinguished from a drawing-room,
parlor, chamber, or kitchen.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sit"u*ate</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <hw>Sit"u*a`ted</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>situatus</ets>, from <ets>situare</ets> to place, fr. L.
<ets>situs</ets> situation, site. See <er>Site</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a site, situation, or location; being in
a relative position; permanently fixed; placed; located; <as>as,
a town <ex>situated</ex>, or <ex>situate</ex>, on a hill or on
the seashore</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Placed; residing.</def>
<q>Pleasure <qex>situate</qex> in hill and dale.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Situate</xex> is now less used than
<xex>situated</xex>, but both are well authorized.</note>
<hw>Sit"u*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Landor.</au>
<hw>Sit`u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>situatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>situation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Manner in which an object is placed; location,
esp. as related to something else; position; locality site;
<as>as, a house in a pleasant <ex>situation</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Position, as regards the conditions and
circumstances of the case.</def>
<q>A <qex>situation</qex> of the greatest ease and
tranquillity.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Relative position; circumstances; temporary
state or relation at a moment of action which excites interest,
as of persons in a dramatic scene.</def>
<q>There's <qex>situation</qex> for you! there's an heroic
group!</q>
<qau>Sheridan.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Permanent position or employment; place; office;
<as>as, a <ex>situation</ex> in a store; a <ex>situation</ex>
under government</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- State; position; seat; site; station; post; place;
office; condition; case; plight. See <er>State</er>.</syn>
<hw>\'d8Si"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
situation.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The method in which the
parts of a plant are arranged; also, the position of the
parts.</def>
<au>Henslow.</au>
<hw>Sitz" bath`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[G.
<ets>sitzbad</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tub in which one bathes in a
sitting posture; also, a bath so taken; a hip bath.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.
<ets>Civa</ets>, properly, kind, gracious.]</ety> <fld>(Hindoo
Myth.)</fld> <def>One of the triad of Hindoo gods. He is the
avenger or destroyer, and in modern worship symbolizes the
reproductive power of nature.</def>
<hw>\'d8Si"van</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.
<ets>s\'c6v\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <def>The third month of the Jewish
ecclesiastical year; -- supposed to correspond nearly with our
month of June.</def>
<hw>\'d8Siv`a*the"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from E. <ets>Siva</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a beast, an
animal.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of very large
extinct ruminants found in the Tertiary formation of India. The
snout was prolonged in the form of a proboscis. The male had four
horns, the posterior pair being large and branched. It was allied
to the antelopes, but very much larger than any exsisting
species.</def>
<hw>Siv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
simmer</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Siv"vens</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Sibbens</er></def>.
<hw>Si"win</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Sewen</er>.</def>
<hw>Six</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>six</ets>, <ets>seox</ets>, <ets>siex</ets>; akin to OFries.
<ets>sex</ets>, D. <ets>zes</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>sehs</ets>, G.
<ets>sechs</ets>, Icel., Sw., & Dan. <ets>sex</ets>, Goth.
<ets>sa\'a1hs</ets>, Lith. <ets>szeszi</ets>, Russ.
<ets>sheste</ets>, Gael. & Ir. <ets>se</ets>, W.
<ets>chwech</ets>, L. <ets>sex</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/, Per.
<ets>shesh</ets>, Skr. <ets>shash</ets>. <root/304. Cf.
<er>Hexagon</er>, <er>Hexameter</er>, <er>Samite</er>,
<er>Senary</er>, <er>Sextant</er>, <er>Sice</er>.]</ety> <def>One
more than five; twice three; <as>as, <ex>six</ex>
yards</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Six Nations</col> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, <cd>a
confederation of North American Indians formed by the union of
the Tuscaroras and the Five Nations.</cd> -- <col>Six points
circle</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Nine points
circle</cref>, under <er>Nine</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Six</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The number greater
by a unit than five; the sum of three and three; six units or
objects.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbol representing six units, as 6, vi., or
VI.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>To be at six and seven</col> <or/ <col>at sixes
and sevens</col></mcol>, <cd>to be in disorder.</cd> <au>Bacon.
Shak. Swift.</au></cs>
<hw>Six"fold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sixfealand</ets>.]</ety> <def>Six times repeated; six times
as much or as many.</def>
<hw>Six"-foot`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is
six feet tall.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Six"pence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sixpences</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>An English silver
coin of the value of six pennies; half a shilling, or about
twelve cents.</def>
<hw>Six"pen`ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the value
of, or costing, sixpence; <as>as, a <ex>sixpenny</ex>
loaf</as>.</def>
<hw>Six"score`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Six</ets> + <ets>score</ets>, n.]</ety> <def>Six times
twenty; one hundred and twenty.</def>
<hw>Six"-shoot`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pistol
or other firearm which can be fired six times without reloading
especially, a six-chambered revolver.</def> <mark>[Colloq.
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Six"teen`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sixt<?/ne</ets>, <ets>sixt<?/ne</ets>. See <er>Six</er>, and
<er>Ten</er>, and cf. <er>Sixty</er>.]</ety> Six and ten;
consisting of six and ten; fifteen and one more.<pluf>
<hw>Six"teen`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The number
greater by a unit than fifteen; the sum of ten and six; sixteen
units or objects.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbol representing sixteen units, as 16, or
xvi.</def>
<hw>Six*teen"mo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
Sixteenmos</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>See
<er>Sextodecimo</er>.</def>
<hw>Six"teenth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Sixteen</er>: cf. AS. <ets>sixte\'a2<?/a</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Sixth after the tenth; next in order after the
fifteenth.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Constituting or being one of sixteen equal parts
into which anything is divided.</def>
<cs><col>Sixteenth note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the
sixteenth part of a whole note; a semiquaver.</cd></cs>
<hw>Six"teenth`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quotient
of a unit divided by sixteen; one of sixteen equal parts of one
whole.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The next in order after the fifteenth; the sixth
after the tenth.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An interval comprising two
octaves and a second.</def>
<au>Moore (Encyc. of Music.)</au>
<hw>Sixth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From Six: cf.
AS. <ets>sixta</ets>, <ets>siexta</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>First after the fifth; next in order after the fifth.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Constituting or being one of six equal parts
into which anything is divided.</def>
<-- p. 1348 -->
<hw>Sixth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
quotient of a unit divided by six; one of six equal parts which
form a whole.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The next in order after the fifth.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval embracing six
diatonic degrees of the scale.</def>
<hw>Sixth"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the sixth place.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Six"ti*eth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[As.
<ets>sixtiogo<edh/a</ets>, <ets>sixtigo<edh/a</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Next in order after the fifty-ninth.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Constituting or being one one of sixty equal
parts into which anything is divided.</def>
<hw>Six"ti*eth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quotient
of a unit divided by sixty; one of sixty equal parts forming a
whole.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The next in order after the fifty-ninth; the
tenth after the fiftieth.</def>
<hw>Six"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>siextig</ets>; akin to G. <ets>sechzig</ets>, Goth.
<ets>sa\'a1hs tigjus</ets>. See <er>Six</er>, <er>Ten</er>, and
cf. <er>Sixteen</er>.]</ety> <def>Six times ten; fifty-nine and
one more; threescore.</def>
<hw>Six"ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Sixties</plw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The sum of six times ten;
sixty units or objects.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A symbol representing sixty units, as 60, lx.,
or LX.</def>
<hw>Six`ty-fourth"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Constituting or being one of sixty-four equal parts into
which a thing is divided.</def>
<cs><col>Sixty-fourth note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the
sixty-fourth part of a whole note; a
hemi-demi-semiquaver.</cd></cs>
<hw>Siz"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of considerable size or bulk.</def> \'bdA <xex>sizable</xex>
volume.\'b8
<au>Bp. Hurd.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Being of reasonable or suitable size; <as>as,
<ex>sizable</ex> timber; <ex>sizable</ex> bulk</as>.</def>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Si"zar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a body of
students in the universities of Cambridge (Eng.) and Dublin, who,
having passed a certain examination, are exempted from paying
college fees and charges. A <xex>sizar</xex> corresponded to a
<xex>servitor</xex> at Oxford.</def>
<q>The <qex>sizar</qex> paid nothing for food and tuition, and
very little for lodging.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<note><hand/ They formerly waited on the table at meals; but this
is done away with. They were probably so called from being thus
employed in distributing the <xex>size</xex>, or provisions. See
4th <er>Size</er>, 2.</note>
<hw>Si"zar*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The position or standing
of a sizar.</def>
<hw>Size</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sice</er>, and <er>Sise</er>.]</ety> <def>Six.</def>
<hw>Size</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OIt.
<ets>sisa</ets> glue used by painters, shortened fr.
<ets>assisa</ets>, fr. <ets>assidere</ets>, p. p.
<ets>assiso</ets>, to make to sit, to seat, to place, L.
<ets>assidere</ets> to sit down; <ets>ad + sidere</ets> to sit
down, akin to <ets>sedere</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>, and cf. <er>Assize</er>, <er>Size</er> bulk.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A thin, weak glue used in various trades, as in
painting, bookbinding, paper making, etc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any viscous substance, as gilder's
varnish.</def>
<hw>Size</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sized</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with size; to prepare
with size.</def>
<hw>Size</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. from
<ets>assize</ets>. See <er>Assize</er>, and cf. <er>Size</er>
glue.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A settled quantity or allowance.
See <er>Assize</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTo scant my
<xex>sizes</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.)</fld> <def>An
allowance of food and drink from the buttery, aside from the
regular dinner at commons; -- corresponding to <xex>battel</xex>
at Oxford.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Extent of superficies or volume; bulk; bigness;
magnitude; <as>as, the <ex>size</ex> of a tree or of a mast; the
<ex>size</ex> of a ship or of a rock</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Figurative bulk; condition as to rank, ability,
character, etc.; <as>as, the office demands a man of larger
<ex>size</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Men of a less <qex>size</qex> and quality.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<q>The middling or lower <qex>size</qex> of people.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A conventional relative measure of dimension, as
for shoes, gloves, and other articles made up for sale.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>An instrument consisting of a number of
perforated gauges fastened together at one end by a rivet, --
used for ascertaining the size of pearls.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<cs><col>Size roll</col>, <cd>a small piese of parchment added to
a roll.</cd> -- <col>Size stick</col>, <cd>a measuring stick used
by shoemakers for ascertaining the size of the foot.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Dimension; bigness; largeness; greatness;
magnitude.</syn>
<hw>Size</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fix the
standard of.</def> \'bdTo <xex>size</xex> weights and
measures.\'b8 <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adjust or arrange according to size or
bulk.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To
take the height of men, in order to place them in the ranks
according to their stature</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To sift, as pieces of ore or metal, in
order to separate the finer from the coarser parts.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To swell; to increase the bulk of.</def>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To bring or adjust anything
exactly to a required dimension, as by cutting.</def>
<cs><col>To size up</col>, <cd>to estimate or ascertain the
character and ability of. See 4th <er>Size</er>, 4.</cd>
<mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<q>We had <qex>to size up</qex> our fellow legislators.</q>
<qau>The Century.</qau>
</cs>
<hw>Size</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take greater
size; to increase in size.</def>
<q>Our desires give them fashion, and so,
As they wax lesser, fall, as they <qex>size</qex>, grow.</q>
<qau>Donne.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.)</fld> <def>To order
food or drink from the buttery; hence, to enter a score, as upon
the buttery book.</def>
<hw>Sized</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Adjusted according to size.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a particular size or magnitude; --
chiefly used in compounds; <as>as, large-<ex>sized</ex>;
common-<ex>sized</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Si"zel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Scissel</er>, 2.</def>
<hw>Siz"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>See
<er>Sizar</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument or
contrivance to size articles, or to determine their size by a
standard, or to separate and distribute them according to
size.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument or tool for bringing
anything to an exact size.</def>
<hw>Siz"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being sizy; viscousness.</def>
<hw>Siz"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of covering
or treating with size.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A weak glue used in various trades; size.</def>
<hw>Siz"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
sorting with respect to size.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of bringing anything to a certain
size.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Univ. of Cambridge, Eng.)</fld> <def>Food and
drink ordered from the buttery by a student.</def>
<hw>Siz"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 2d
<er>Size</er>.]</ety> <def>Sizelike; viscous; glutinous; <as>as,
<ex>sizy</ex> blood</as>.</def>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Siz"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sizzled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sizzling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Siss</er>.]</ety>
<def>To make a hissing sound; to fry, or to dry and shrivel up,
with a hissing sound.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.
S.]</mark>
<au>Forby.</au>
<hw>Siz"zle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hissing sound, as of
something frying over a fire.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq.
U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Siz"zling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Sizzle</er>.</def>
<hw>Skad"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of
<ets>scath</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hurt; damage.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Ray.</au>
<hw>Skad"dle</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hurtful.</def> <mark>[Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Ray.</au>
<hw>Skad"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of a bee.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>An additional piece fastened to the keel of a boat to
prevent lateral motion. See <er>Skeg</er>.</def>
<hw>Skain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Skein</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Skain</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Skean</er>.</def>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Skains"mate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps
originally, a companion in winding thread (see <er>Skein</er>),
or a companion in arms, from <ets>skain</ets> a sword (see
<er>Skean</er>).]</ety> <def>A messmate; a companion.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Scurvy knave! I am none of his firt-gills; I am none of his
<qex>skainsmates</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Skaith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scatch</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Skald</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 5th
<er>Scald</er>.</def>
<hw>Skald"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scaldic</er>.</def>
<au>Max M\'81ller.</au>
<hw>Skall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To scale; to
mount.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Skar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Skare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From the root of
<ets>scare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wild; timid; shy.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Skart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scarf</er> a cormorant.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
shag.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>schaats</ets>. Cf. <er>Scatches</er>.]</ety> <def>A metallic
runner with a frame shaped to fit the sole of a shoe, -- made to
be fastened under the foot, and used for moving rapidly on
ice.</def>
<q>Batavia rushes forth; and as they sweep,
On sounding <qex>skates</qex>, a thousand different ways,
In circling poise, swift as the winds, along,
The then gay land is maddended all to joy.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<cs><col>Roller skate</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Roller</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Skated</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Skating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To move on skates.</def>
<hw>Skate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>skata</ets>; cf.
Prov. G. <ets>schatten</ets>, meer<ets>-schatten</ets>, L.
<ets>squatus</ets>, <ets>squatina</ets>, and E.
<ets>shad</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of
numerous species of large, flat elasmobranch fishes of the genus
<spn>Raia</spn>, having a long, slender tail, terminated by a
small caudal fin. The pectoral fins, which are large and broad
and united to the sides of the body and head, give a somewhat
rhombic form to these fishes. The skin is more or less
spinose.</def>
<note><hand/ Some of the species are used for food, as the
European blue or gray skate (<spn>Raia batis</spn>), which
sometimes weighs nearly 200 pounds. The American smooth, or
barn-door, skate (<spn>R. l\'91vis</spn>) is also a large
species, often becoming three or four feet across. The common
spiny skate (<spn>R. erinacea</spn>) is much smaller.</note>
<cs><col>Skate's egg</col>. <cd>See <er>Sea purse</er>.</cd> --
<col>Skate sucker</col>, <cd>any marine leech of the genus
<spn>Pontobdella</spn>, parasitic on skates.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who skates.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of hemipterous insects belonging to <spn>Gerris</spn>,
<spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, <spn>Prostemma</spn>, and allied genera.
They have long legs, and run rapidly over the surface of the
water, as if skating.</def>
<hw>Ska"tol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/,
dung + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A
constituent of human f\'91ces formed in the small intestines as a
product of the putrefaction of albuminous matter. It is also
found in reduced indigo. Chemically it is methyl indol,
<chform>C9H9N</chform>.</def>
<hw>Skayles</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>[<root/159.]
Skittles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Skean</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir
<ets>sgian</ets>; akin to Gael. <ets>sgian</ets>, W.
<ets>ysgien</ets> a large knife, a scimiter.]</ety> <def>A knife
or short dagger, esp. that in use among the Highlanders of
Scotland. <altsp>[Variously spelt.]</altsp></def> \'bdHis
<xex>skean</xex>, or pistol.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Ske*dad"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Skedaddled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Skedaddling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of uncertain etymology.]</ety>
<def>To betake one's self to flight, as if in a panic; to flee;
to run away.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Skee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dan.
<ets>ski</ets>; Icel. <ets>sk\'c6<?/</ets> a billet of wood. See
<er>Skid</er>.]</ety> <def>A long strip of wood, curved upwards
in front, used on the foot for sliding.</def><-- now spelled ski
-->
<hw>Skeed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Skid</er>.</def>
<hw>Skeel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>skj<?/la</ets> a pail, bucket.]</ety> <def>A shallow wooden
vessel for holding milk or cream.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>
<au>Grose.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Skeel"duck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Skeel"goose`</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sheldrake</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common
European sheldrake.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skeet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A scoop with a long
handle, used to wash the sides of a vessel, and formerly to wet
the sails or deck.</def>
<hw>Skeg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E., also a
stump of a branch, a wooden peg; cf. Icel. <ets>sk<?/gr</ets> a
wood, Sw. <ets>skog</ets>. Cf. <er>Shaw</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A sort of wild plum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A kind of oats.</def>
<au>Farm. Encyc.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The after part of the keel of
a vessel, to which the rudder is attached.</def>
<hw>Skeg"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The parr.</def>
<au>Walton.</au>
<hw>Skein</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>skeyne</ets>, OF. <ets>escaigne</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82cagne</ets>, probably of Celtic origin; cf. Ir.
<ets>sgainne</ets>, Gael. <ets>sgeinnidh</ets> thread, small
twine; or perhaps the English word is immediately from
Celtic.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A quantity of yarn, thread, or
the like, put up together, after it is taken from the reel, --
usually tied in a sort of knot.</def>
<note><hand/ A <xex>skein</xex> of cotton yarn is formed by
eighty turns of the thread round a fifty-four inch reel.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Wagon Making)</fld> <def>A metallic
strengthening band or thimble on the wooden arm of an axle.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Skein</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A flight
of wild fowl (wild geese or the like).</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skeine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Skean</er>.</def>
<hw>Skel"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>To deceive; to cheat; to
trick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Skel"der</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vagrant; a cheat.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Skel"drake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/
<hw>Skiel"drake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The common European
sheldrake.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The oyster catcher.</def>
<hw>Skel"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A skeleton. See
<er>Scelet</er>.</def>
<hw>Skel"e*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to the skeleton.</def>
<hw>Skel`e*tog"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Skeleton</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Forming or producing parts of the skeleton.</def>
<hw>Skel`e*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Skeleton</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That
part of anatomy which treats of the skeleton; also, a treatise on
the skeleton.</def>
<hw>Skel"e*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ (sc. <?/<?/<?/) a dried body, a mummy, fr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ dried up, parched, <?/<?/<?/<?/ to dry, dry up,
parch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The bony and cartilaginous framework which supports the soft
parts of a vertebrate animal.</def> <note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>.
of the Human Skeleton, in Appendix.]</note> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
more or less firm or hardened framework of an invertebrate
animal.</def>
<note><hand/ In a wider sense, the skeleton includes the whole
connective-tissue framework with the integument and its
appendages. See <er>Endoskeleton</er>, and
<er>Exoskeleton</er>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> Hence, figuratively: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A very thin or
lean person</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The framework of anything;
the principal parts that support the rest, but without the
appendages.</def>
<q>The great <qex>skeleton</qex> of the world.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The heads and outline of a literary production,
especially of a sermon</def>.
<hw>Skel"e*ton</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of, or
resembling, a skeleton; consisting merely of the framework or
outlines; having only certain leading features of anything;
<as>as, a <ex>skeleton</ex> sermon; a <ex>skeleton</ex>
crystal.</as></def>
<cs><col>Skeleton bill</col>, <cd>a bill or draft made out in
blank as to the amount or payee, but signed by the acceptor.</cd>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Skeleton key</col></mcol>, <cd>a key
with nearly the whole substance of the web filed away, to adapt
it to avoid the wards of a lock; a master key; -- used for
opening locks to which it has not been especially fitted.</cd> --
<col>Skeleton leaf</col>, <cd>a leaf from which the pulpy part
has been removed by chemical means, the fibrous part alone
remaining.</cd> -- <col>Skeleton proof</col>, <cd>a proof of a
print or engraving, with the inscription outlined in hair strokes
only, such proofs being taken before the engraving is
finished.</cd> -- <col>Skeleton regiment</col>, <cd>a regiment
which has its complement of officers, but in which there are few
enlisted men.</cd> -- <col>Skeleton shrimp</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small crustacean of the genus
<spn>Caprella</spn>. See <xex>Illust<xex>. under
<er>L\'91modipoda</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skel"e*ton*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Skeletonized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Skeletonizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To prepare a skeleton of; also,
to reduce, as a leaf, to its skeleton.</def>
<au>Pop. Sci. Monthly.</au>
<hw>Skel"e*ton*i`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small moth whose larva eats the
parenchyma of leaves, leaving the skeleton; <as>as, the
apple-leaf <ex>skeletonizer</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Skel"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dan.
<ets>schelm</ets>, fr. G. <ets>schelm</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
scoundrel.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>
<au>Pepys. Burns.</au>
<hw>Skel"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.
<ets>skele</ets>, Sw. <ets>skela</ets>.]</ety> <def>To
squint.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Skel"ly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A squint.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Skelp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E.
<ets>skelp</ets> to kick severely, to move rapidly; Gael.
<ets>sgealp</ets>, n., a slap with the palm of the hand, v., to
strike with the palm of the hand.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A blow;
a smart stroke.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Brockett.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A squall; also, a heavy fall of rain.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Skelp</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strike; to slap.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>C. Reade.</au>
<hw>Skelp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wrought-iron plate from
which a gun barrel or pipe is made by bending and welding the
edges together, and drawing the thick tube thus formed.</def>
<hw>Skel"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Helter-skelter</er>.]</ety> <def>To run off helter-skelter;
to hurry; to scurry; -- with <xex>away</xex> or
<xex>off</xex>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>A. R. Wallace.</au>
<hw>Sken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
squint.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Skean</er>.</def>
<au>C. Kingsley.</au>
<hw>Skep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>skeppa</ets> a measure, bushel; cf. Gael. <ets>sgeap</ets> a
basket, a beehive.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A coarse round farm
basket.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<au>Tusser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A beehive.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Skep"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>skeptiko`s</grk> thoughtful, reflective, fr.
<grk>ske`ptesqai</grk> to look carefully or about, to view,
consider: cf. L. <ets>scepticus</ets>, F. <ets>sceptique</ets>.
See <er>Scope</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sceptic</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is yet
undecided as to what is true; one who is looking or inquiring for
what is true; an inquirer after facts or reasons.</def>
<-- p. 1349 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A doubter as to whether any
fact or truth can be certainly known; a universal doubter; a
Pyrrhonist; hence, in modern usage, occasionally, a person who
questions whether any truth or fact can be established on
philosophical grounds; sometimes, a critical inquirer, in
opposition to a dogmatist.</def>
<q>All this criticism [of Hume] proceeds upon the erroneous
hypothesis that he was a dogmatist. He was a <qex>skeptic</qex>;
that is, he accepted the principles asserted by the prevailing
dogmatism: and only showed that such and such conclusions were,
on these principles, inevitable.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A person who doubts the
existence and perfections of God, or the truth of revelation; one
who disbelieves the divine origin of the Christian
religion.</def>
<q>Suffer not your faith to be shaken by the sophistries of
<qex>skeptics</qex>.</q>
<qau>S. Clarke.</qau>
<note><hand/ This word and its derivatives are often written with
<xex>c</xex> instead of <xex>k</xex> in the first syllable, --
<xex>sceptic</xex>, <xex>sceptical</xex>, <xex>scepticism</xex>,
etc. Dr. Johnson, struck with the extraordinary irregularity of
giving <xex>c</xex> its hard sound before <xex>e</xex>, altered
the spelling, and his example has been followed by most of the
lexicographers who have succeeded him; yet the prevalent practice
among English writers and printers is in favor of the other mode.
In the United States this practice is reversed, a large and
increasing majority of educated persons preferring the
orthography which is most in accordance with etymology and
analogy.</note>
<syn>Syn. -- Infidel; unbeliever; doubter. -- See
<er>Infidel</er>.</syn>
<mhw>{ <hw>Skep"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Skep"tic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Written also
<ets>sceptic</ets>, <ets>sceptical</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to a sceptic or skepticism; characterized
by skepticism; hesitating to admit the certainly of doctrines or
principles; doubting of everything.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Doubting or denying the
truth of revelation, or the sacred Scriptures.</def>
<q>The <qex>skeptical</qex> system subverts the whole foundation
of morals.</q>
<qau>R. Hall.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Skep"tac*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Skep"tic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Skep"ti*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>scepticisme</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>scepticism</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An undecided,
inquiring state of mind; doubt; uncertainty.</def>
<q>That momentary amazement, and irresolution, and confusion,
which is the result of <qex>skepticism</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hune.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that no fact
or principle can be certainly known; the tenet that all knowledge
is uncertain; Pyrrohonism; universal doubt; the position that no
fact or truth, however worthy of confidence, can be established
on philosophical grounds; critical investigation or inquiry, as
opposed to the positive assumption or assertion of certain
principles.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A doubting of the truth of
revelation, or a denial of the divine origin of the Christian
religion, or of the being, perfections, or truth of God.</def>
<q>Let no . . . secret <qex>skepticism</qex> lead any one to
doubt whether this blessed prospect will be realized.</q>
<qau>S. Miller.</qau>
<hw>Skep"ti*cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
doubt; to pretend to doubt of everything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>To <qex>skepticize</qex>, where no one else will . . .
hesitate.</q>
<qau>Shaftesbury.</qau>
<hw>Sker"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Skerries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Of Scand. origin;
cf. Icel. <ets>sker</ets>, Sw. <ets>sk\'84r</ets>, Dan.
<ets>ski<?/r</ets>. Cf. <er>Scar</er> a bank.]</ety> <def>A rocky
isle; an insulated rock.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sketch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>schets</ets>, fr. It. <ets>schizzo</ets> a sketch, a splash
(whence also F. <ets>esquisse</ets>; cf. <er>Esquisse</er>.); cf.
It. <ets>schizzare</ets> to splash, to sketch.]</ety> <def>An
outline or general delineation of anything; a first rough or
incomplete draught or plan of any design; especially, in the fine
arts, such a representation of an object or scene as serves the
artist's purpose by recording its chief features; also, a
preliminary study for an original work.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Outline; delineation; draught; plan; design.</syn>
<usage> -- <er>Sketch</er>, <er>Outline</er>,
<er>Delineation</er>. An <xex>outline</xex> gives only the
bounding lines of some scene or picture. A <xex>sketch</xex>
fills up the <xex>outline</xex> in part, giving broad touches, by
which an imperfect idea may be conveyed. A <xex>delineation</xex>
goes further, carrying out the more striking features of the
picture, and going so much into detail as to furnish a clear
conception of the whole. Figuratively, we may speak of the
<xex>outlines</xex> of a plan, of a work, of a project, etc.,
which serve as a basis on which the subordinate parts are formed,
or of <xex>sketches</xex> of countries, characters, manners,
etc., which give us a general idea of the things
described.</usage>
<au>Crabb.</au>
<hw>Sketch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sketched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sketching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf D.
<ets>schetsen</ets>, It. <ets>schizzare</ets>. See
<er>Sketch</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw
the outline or chief features of; to make a rought of.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To plan or describe by giving the principal
points or ideas of.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To delineate; design; draught; depict.</syn>
<hw>Sketch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make sketches, as of
landscapes.</def>
<hw>Sketch"book`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A book of sketches or
for sketches.</def>
<hw>Sketch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sketches.</def>
<hw>Sketch"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
sketchy or incomplete manner.</def> \'bd<xex>Sketchily</xex>
descriptive.\'b8
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Sketch"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state
of being sketchy; lack of finish; incompleteness.</def>
<hw>Sketch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing
only an outline or rough form; being in the manner of a sketch;
incomplete.</def>
<q>The execution is <qex>sketchy</qex> throughout; the head, in
particular, is left in the rough.</q>
<qau>J. S. Harford.</qau>
<hw>Skew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>scheef</ets>. Dan. <ets>ski<?/v</ets>, Sw. <ets>skef</ets>,
Icel. <ets>skeifr</ets>, G. <ets>schief</ets>, also E.
<ets>shy</ets>, a. & v. i.]</ety> <def>Awry; obliquely;
askew.</def>
<hw>Skew</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Turned or twisted to one side;
situated obliquely; skewed; -- chiefly used in technical
phrases.</def>
<cs><col>Skew arch</col>, <cd>an oblique arch. See under
<er>Oblique</er>.</cd> -- <col>Skew back</col>. <fld>(Civil
Engin.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The course of masonry, the stone,
or the iron plate, having an inclined face, which forms the
abutment for the voussoirs of a segmental arch</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>A plate, cap, or shoe, having an inclined face to receive the
nut of a diagonal brace, rod, or the end of an inclined strut, in
a truss or frame.</cd> -- <col>Skew bridge</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Bridge</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>Skew curve</col>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a curve of double curvature, or a twisted
curve. See <cref>Plane curve</cref>, under <er>Curve</er>.</cd>
-- <mcol><col>Skew gearing</col>, <or/ <col>Skew bevel
gearing</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>toothed gearing,
generally resembling bevel gearing, for connecting two shafts
that are neither parallel nor intersecting, and in which the
teeth slant across the faces of the gears.</cd> -- <col>Skew
surface</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a ruled surface such that
in general two successive generating straight lines do not
intersect; a warped surface; as, the helicoid is a <xex>skew
surface<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Skew symmetrical determinant</col>
<fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>a determinant in which the elements in
each column of the matrix are equal to the elements of the
corresponding row of the matrix with the signs changed, as in
(1), below.</cd></cs>
<illust>
(1) <matrix><row>0 2 -3</row><row>-2 0 5</row><row>3 -5
0</row></matrix> (2) <matrix><row>4 -1 7</row><row>1 8
-2</row><row>-7 2 1</row></matrix>
</illust>
<note>This requires that the numbers in the diagonal from the
upper left to lower right corner be zeros. A like determinant in
which the numbers in the diagonal are not zeros is a <xex>skew
determinant</xex>, as in (2), above.</note>
<hw>Skew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<def>A stone at the foot of the slope of a gable, the offset of a
buttress, or the like, cut with a sloping surface and with a
check to receive the coping stones and retain them in
place.</def>
<hw>Skew</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Skewed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Skewing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To walk
obliquely; to go sidling; to lie or move obliquely.</def>
<q>Child, you must walk straight, without <qex>skewing</qex>.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To start aside; to shy, as a horse.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To look obliquely; to squint; hence, to look
slightingly or suspiciously.</def>
<au>Beau & Fl.</au>
<hw>Skew</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Skew</er>,
<ets>adv</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shape or form in an
oblique way; to cause to take an oblique position.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To throw or hurl obliquely.</def>
<hw>Skew"bald`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked with
spots and patches of white and some color other than black; --
usually distinguished from <xex>piebald</xex>, in which the
colors are properly white and black. Said of horses.</def>
<hw>Skew"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably of
Scand, origin; cf. Sw. & Dan. <ets>skifer</ets> a slate. Cf.
<er>Shuver</er> a fragment.]</ety> <def>A pin of wood or metal
for fastening meat to a spit, or for keeping it in form while
roasting.</def>
<q>Meat well stuck with <qex>skewers</qex> to make it look
round.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Skew"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Skewered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Skewering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fasten with
skewers.</def>
<hw>Skid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>sk\'c6<?/</ets> a billet of wood. See <er>Shide</er>.]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>skeed</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A shoe or clog, as of iron, attached to a chain, and placed
under the wheel of a wagon to prevent its turning when descending
a steep hill; a drag; a skidpan; also, by extension, a hook
attached to a chain, and used for the same purpose.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of timber used as a support, or to
receive pressure.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd>
<pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Large fenders hung over
a vessel's side to protect it in handling a cargo</def>.
<au>Totten</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a pair of timbers or
bars, usually arranged so as to form an inclined plane, as form a
wagon to a door, along which anything is moved by sliding or
rolling</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of a pair of horizontal
rails or timbers for supporting anything, as a boat, a barrel,
etc.</def><-- a small platform, typically of two layers, having a
space between the layers into which the fork of a fork lift can
be inserted; used to conveniently transport heavy objects by
means of a fork lift. -->
<hw>Skid</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Skidded</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Skidding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
protect or support with a skid or skids; also, to cause to move
on skids.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To check with a skid, as wagon wheels.</def>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<hw>Skid"daw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black guillemot.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skid"pan`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Skid</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Sky</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>
<hw>Ski"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Skyey</er>.</def>
<au>Shelley.</au>
<hw>Skiff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>esquif</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>skif</ets>, G.
<ets>schiff</ets>. See <er>Ship</er>.]</ety> <def>A small, light
boat.</def>
<q>The pilot of some small night-foundered <qex>skiff</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<cs><col>Skiff caterpillar</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
larva of a moth (<spn>Limacodes scapha</spn>); -- so called from
its peculiar shape.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skiff</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Skiffed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Skiffing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To navigate in a
skiff.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Skif"fling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Quarrying)</fld> <def>Rough dressing by knocking off knobs
or projections; knobbing.</def>
<hw>Skil"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To beg; to
pilfer; to skelder.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.& Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Skil"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Skilful</er>.</def>
<hw>Skill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>skil</ets> a distinction, discernment; akin to
<ets>skilja</ets> to separate, divide, distinguish, Sw.
<ets>skilja</ets>,. <ets>skille</ets> to separate,
<ets>skiel</ets> reason, right, justice, Sw. <ets>sk\'84l</ets>
reason, Lith. <ets>skelli</ets> to cleave. Cf. <er>Shell</er>,
<er>Shoal</er>, a multitude.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Discrimination; judgment; propriety; reason; cause.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak.</au> \'bdAs it was <xex>skill</xex>
and right.\'b8 <au>Chaucer</au>.
<q>For great <qex>skill</qex> is, he prove that he wrought.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
[For with good reason he should test what he created.]
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Knowledge; understanding.</def>
<mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>
<q>That by his fellowship he color might<
oth his estate and love from <qex>skill</qex> of any wight.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Nor want we <qex>skill</qex> or art.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The familiar knowledge of any art or science,
united with readiness and dexterity in execution or performance,
or in the application of the art or science to practical
purposes; power to discern and execute; ability to perceive and
perform; expertness; aptitude; <as>as, the <ex>skill</ex> of a
mathematician, physician, surgeon, mechanic, etc.</as></def>
<q>Phocion, . . . by his great wisdom and <qex>skill</qex> at
negotiations, diverted Alexander from the conquest of Athens.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<q>Where patience her sweet <qex>skill</qex> imparts.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Display of art; exercise of ability;
contrivance; address.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Richard . . . by a thousand princely <qex>skills</qex>,
gathering so much corn as if he meant not to return.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Any particular art.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Learned in one <qex>skill</qex>, and in another kind of
learning unskillful.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Dexterity; adroitness; expertness; art; aptitude;
ability.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Skill</er>, <er>Dexterity</er>,
<er>Adroitness</er>. <xex>Skill</xex> is more intelligent,
denoting familiar knowledge united to readiness of performance.
<xex>Dexterity</xex>, when applied to the body, is more
mechanical, and refers to habitual ease of execution.
<xex>Adroitness</xex> involves the same image with
<xex>dexterity</xex>, and differs from it as implaying a general
facility of movement (especially in avoidance of danger or in
escaping from a difficalty). The same distinctions apply to the
figurative sense of the words. A man is <xex>skillful</xex> in
any employment when he understands both its theory and its
practice. He is <xex>dexterous</xex> when he maneuvers with great
lightness. He is <xex>adroit</xex> in the use od quick, sudden,
and well-directed movements of the body or the mind, so as to
effect the object he has in view.</usage>
<hw>Skill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To know; to
understand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To <qex>skill</qex> the arts of expressing our mind.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>
<hw>Skill</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be knowing;
to have understanding; to be dexterous in performance.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>I can not <qex>skill</qex> of these thy ways.</q>
<qau>Herbert.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a difference; to signify; to matter; --
used impersonally.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>What <qex>skills</qex> it, if a bag of stones or gold
About thy neck do drown thee?</q>
<qau>Herbert.</qau>
<q>It <qex>skills</qex> not talking of it.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Skilled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having familiar
knowledge united with readiness and dexterity in its application;
familiarly acquainted with; expert; skillful; -- often followed
by <xex>in</xex>; <as>as, a person <ex>skilled</ex> in drawing or
geometry</as>.</def>
<hw>Skil"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>escuelette</ets>, dim. of <ets>escuelle</ets> a porringer,
F. <ets>ecuelle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>scutella</ets>, dim. of
<ets>scutra</ets>, <ets>scuta</ets>, a dish. Cf. <er>Scuttle</er>
a basket.]</ety> <def>A small vessel of iron, copper, or other
metal, with a handle, used for culinary purpose, as for stewing
meat.</def>
<hw>Skill"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Written also
<ets>skilful</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Discerning;
reasonable; judicious; cunning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdOf
<xex>skillful</xex> judgment.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Possessed of, or displaying, skill; knowing and
ready; expert; well-versed; able in management; <as>as, a
<ex>skillful</ex> mechanic; -- often followed by <xex>at</xex>,
<xex>in</xex>, or <xex>of</xex>; <as>as, <ex>skillful</ex> at the
organ; <ex>skillful</ex> in drawing</as>.</def>
<q>And they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and such as
are <qex>skillful</qex> of lamentations to wailing.</q>
<qau>Amos v. 16.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Expert; skilled; dexterous; adept; masterly; adroit;
clever; cunning.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Skill"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Skill"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Skil`li*ga*lee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind
of thin, weak broth or oatmeal porridge, served out to prisoners
and paupers in England; also, a drink made of oatmeal, sugar, and
water, sometimes used in the English navy or army.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>skilligolee</asp>,
<asp>skillygalee</asp>, etc.]</altsp>
<hw>Skil"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Sheeling</er>.]</ety> <def>A bay of a barn; also, a slight
addition to a cottage.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skil"ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sw. & Dan. See
<er>Shilling</er>.]</ety> <def>A money od account in Sweden,
Norwey, Denmark, and North Germany, and also a coin. It had
various values, from three fourths of a cent in Norway to more
than two cents in L\'81beck.</def>
<hw>Skill"-less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wanting skill.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Skilts</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>A kind of
large, coarse, short trousers formerly worn.</def> <mark>[Local,
U. S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Skil"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The water
rail.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Skimmed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Skimming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>skymma</ets>
to darken. <root/158. See <er>Scum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To clear (a liquid) from scum or substance floating or lying
thereon, by means of a utensil that passes just beneath the
surface; <as>as, to <ex>skim</ex> milk; to <ex>skim</ex>
broth.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take off by skimming; <as>as, to
<ex>skim</ex> cream</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass near the surface of; to brush the
surface of; to glide swiftly along the surface of.</def>
<q>Homer describes Mercury as flinging himself from the top of
Olympus, and <qex>skimming</qex> the surface of the ocean.</q>
<qau>Hazlitt.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: To read or examine superficially and
rapidly, in order to cull the principal facts or thoughts;
<as>as, to <ex>skim</ex> a book or a newspaper</as>.</def>
<hw>Skim</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pass lightly;
to glide along in an even, smooth course; to glide along near the
surface.</def>
<q>Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain,
Flies o'er the unbending corn, and <qex>skims</qex> along the
main.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hasten along with superficial
attention.</def>
<q>They <qex>skim</qex> over a science in a very superficial
survey.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To put on the finishing coat of plaster.</def>
<hw>Skim</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Contraction of
<er>Skimming</er> and <er>Skimmed</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Skim coat</col>, <cd>the final or finishing coat of
plaster.</cd> -- <col>Skim colter</col>, <cd>a colter for paring
off the surface of land.</cd> -- <col>Skim milk</col>,
<cd>skimmed milk; milk from which the cream has been
taken.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skrim</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Scum; refuse.</def>
<au>Bryskett.</au>
<hw>Skim"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The quillback.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Skim"ble-scam`ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[A
reduplication of <ets>scamble</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rambling;
disorderly; unconnected.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>Such a deal of <qex>skimble-scamble</qex> stuff.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Skim"i*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Skimmington</er>.</def>
<hw>Skim"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, skims; esp., a utensil with which
liquids are skimmed.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of longwinged
marine birds of the genus <spn>Rhynchops</spn>, allied to the
terns, but having the lower mandible compressed and much longer
than the upper one. These birds fly rapidly along the surface of
the water, with the lower mandible immersed, thus skimming out
small fishes. The American species (<spn>R. nigra</spn>) is
common on the southern coasts of the United States. Called also
<altname>scissorbill</altname>, and
<altname>shearbill</altname>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several large
bivalve shells, sometimes used for skimming milk, as the sea
clams, and large scallops.</def>
<-- p. 1350 -->
<hw>Skim"mer*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Skimmington</er>.</def>
<hw>Skim"ming</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of one who skims.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is skimmed from the surface of a
liquid; -- chiefly used in the plural; <as>as, the
<ex>skimmings</ex> of broth</as>.</def>
<hw>Skim"ming*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a skimming
manner.</def>
<hw>Skim"ming*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain. Perhaps the name of some notorius scold.]</ety> <def>A
word employed in the phrase, <xex>To ride Skimmington</xex>; that
is to ride on a horse with a woman, but behind her, facing
backward, carrying a distaff, and accompanied by a procession of
jeering neighbors making mock music; a cavalcade in ridicule of a
henpecked man. The custom was in vogue in parts of England.</def>
<hw>Skimp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Skimped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Skimping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Skinch</er>,
<er>Scamp</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
slight; to do carelessly; to scamp.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &
Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make insufficient allowance for; to scant; to
scrimp.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]</mark>
<-- used with "on"; to skimp on clothing so as to have enough
food. -->
<hw>Skimp</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To save; to be parsimonious
or niggardly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Skimp</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Scanty.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Skin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>skinn</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>skinn</ets>, Dan.
<ets>skind</ets>, AS. <ets>scinn</ets>, G. <ets>schined</ets> to
skin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The external
membranous integument of an animal.</def>
<note><hand/ In man, and the vertebrates generally, the skin
consist of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular
<xex>epidermis</xex>, <xex>cuticle</xex>, or
<xex>skarfskin</xex>, composed of cells which are constantly
growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in
the superficial, layers; and an inner sensitive, and vascular
<xex>dermis</xex>, <xex>cutis</xex>, <xex>corium</xex>, or
<xex>true skin</xex>, composed mostly of connective
tissue.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The hide of an animal, separated from the body,
whether green, dry, or tanned; especially, that of a small
animal, as a calf, sheep, or goat.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A vessel made of skin, used for holding liquids.
See <er>Bottle</er>, 1.</def> \'bd<xex>Skins</xex> of wine.\'b8
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The bark or husk of a plant or fruit; the
exterior coat of fruits and plants.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a
sail, when furled, which remains on the outside and covers the
whole.</def> <au>Totten</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The covering, as
of planking or iron plates, outside the framing, forming the
sides and bottom of a vessel; the shell; also, a lining inside
the framing.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Skin friction</col>, <col>Skin
resistance</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the friction, or
resistance, caused by the tendency of water to adhere to the
immersed surface (skin) of a vessel.</cd> -- <col>Skin
graft</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a small portion of skin used
in the process of grafting. See <er>Graft</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,
2.</cd> -- <col>Skin moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any
insect which destroys the prepared skins of animals, especially
the larva of Dermestes and Anthrenus.</cd> -- <col>Skin of the
teeth</col>, <cd>nothing, or next to nothing; the least possible
hold or advantage. <au>Job xix. 20</au>.</cd> -- <col>Skin
wool</col>, <cd>wool taken from dead sheep.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skin</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Skinned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Skinning</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
strip off the skin or hide of; to flay; to peel; <as>as, to
<ex>skin</ex> an animal</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover with skin, or as with skin; hence, to
cover superficially.</def>
<q>It will but <qex>skin</qex> and film the ulcerous place.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To strip of money or property; to cheat.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<hw>Skin</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become
covered with skin; <as>as, a wound <ex>skins</ex>
over</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To produce, in recitation, examination, etc.,
the work of another for one's own, or to use in such exercise
cribs, memeoranda, etc., which are prohibited.</def>
<mark>[College Cant, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Skin"bound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the
skin adhering closely and rigidly to the flesh; hidebound.</def>
<cs><col>Skinbound disease</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See
<xex>Sclerema neonatorum<xex>, under <er>Sclerema</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skinch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Skinched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Skinching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Scant</er>.]</ety>
<def>To give scant measure; to squeeze or pinch in order to
effect a saving.</def> <mark>[Prev. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Skin"-deep`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not deeper
than the skin; hence, superficial.</def>
<au>Lowell.</au>
<hw>Skin"flint`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Skin</ets> + <ets>flint</ets>.]</ety> <def>A penurious
person; a miser; a niggard.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Skin"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Skinfuls</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>As much as a skin
can hold.</def>
<hw>Skink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>scincus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>scink</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of
numerous species of regularly scaled harmless lizards of the
family <spn>Scincid\'91</spn>, common in the warmer parts of all
the continents.</def>
<note><hand/ The officinal skink (<spn>Scincus officinalis</spn>)
inhabits the sandy plains of South Africa. It was believed by the
ancients to be a specific for various diseases. A common slender
species (<spn>Seps tridactylus</spn>) of Southern Europe was
formerly believed to produce fatal diseases in cattle by mere
contact. The American skinks include numerous species of the
genus <spn>Eumeces</spn>, as the blue-tailed skink (<spn>E.
fasciatus</spn>) of the Eastern United States. The ground skink,
or ground lizard (<spn>Oligosoma laterale</spn>) inhabits the
Southern United States.</note>
<hw>Skink</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Skinked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Skinking</er>.] <ety>[Icel. <ets>skenja</ets>; akin
to Sw. <ets>sk\'84ka</ets>, Dan. <ets>skienke</ets>, AS.
<ets>scencan</ets>, D. & G. <ets>schenken</ets>. As.
<ets>scencan</ets> is usually derived from <ets>sceonc</ets>,
<ets>sceanc</ets>, shank, a hollow bone being supposed to have
been used to draw off liquor from a cask. <root/161. See
<er>Shank</er>, and cf. <er>Nunchion</er>.]</ety> <def>To draw or
serve, as drink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Bacchus the wine them <qex>skinketh</qex> all about.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Such wine as Ganymede doth <qex>skink</qex> to Jove.</q>
<qau>Shirley.</qau>
<hw>Skink</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To serve or draw
liquor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Skink</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Drink; also, pottage.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Skink"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who serves
liquor; a tapster.</def>
<hw>Skin"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no
skin, or a very thin skin; <as>as, <ex>skinless</ex>
fruit</as>.</def>
<hw>Skin"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who skins.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who deals in skins, pelts, or hides.</def>
<hw>Skin"ni*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of
being skinny.</def>
<hw>Skin"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting, or
chiefly consisting, of skin; wanting flesh.</def> \'bdHer
<xex>skinny</xex> lips.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>He holds him with a <qex>skinny</qex> hand.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Skip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Skep</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A basket. See
<er>Skep</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A basket on wheels, used in cotton
factories.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An iron bucket, which slides
between guides, for hoisting mineral and rock.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Sugar Manuf.)</fld> <def>A charge of sirup in
the pans.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A beehive; a skep.</def>
<hw>Skip</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Skipped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Skipping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>skippen</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. Icel.
<ets>skopa</ets> run, <ets>skoppa</ets> to spin like a top, OSw.
& dial. Sw. <ets>skimmpa</ets> to run, <ets>skimpa</ets>,
<ets>skompa</ets>, to hop, skip; or Ir. <ets>sgiob</ets> to
snatch, Gael. <ets>sgiab</ets> to start or move suddenly, to
snatch, W. <ets>ysgipio</ets> to snatch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To leap lightly; to move in leaps and hounds; -- commonly
implying a sportive spirit.</def>
<q>The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day,
Had he thy reason, would he <qex>skip</qex> and play?</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>So she drew her mother away <qex>skipping</qex>, dancing, and
frisking fantastically.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To leave matters unnoticed, as in reading,
speaking, or writing; to pass by, or overlook, portions of a
thing; -- often followed by <xex>over</xex>.</def>
<hw>Skip</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To leap lightly
over; <as>as, to <ex>skip</ex> the rope</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pass over or by without notice; to omit; to
miss; <as>as, to <ex>skip</ex> a line in reading; to
<ex>skip</ex> a lesson</as>.</def>
<q>They who have a mind to see the issue may <qex>skip</qex>
these two chapters.</q>
<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to skip; <as>as, to <ex>skip</ex> a
stone</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Skip</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A light leap or
bound.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of passing over an interval from one
thing to another; an omission of a part.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A passage from one sound to
another by more than a degree at once.</def>
<au>Busby.</au>
<cs><col>Skip kennel</col>, <cd>a lackey; a footboy.</cd>
<mark>[Slang.]</mark> <au>Swift</au>. -- <col>Skip
mackerel</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Bluefish</er>,
1.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skip"jack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An upstart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ford.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An elater; a snap bug, or
snapping beetle.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given to several
kinds of a fish, as the common bluefish, the alewife, the bonito,
the butterfish, the cutlass fish, the jurel, the leather jacket,
the runner, the saurel, the saury, the threadfish, etc.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A shallow sailboat with a
rectilinear or V-shaped cross section.</def>
<hw>Skip"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, skips.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A young, thoughtless person.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The saury
(<spn>Scomberesox saurus</spn>).</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The cheese maggot. See <cref>Cheese fly</cref>,
under <er>Cheese</er>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of small butterflies of the family
<spn>Hesperiad\'91</spn>; -- so called from their peculiar short,
jerking flight.</def>
<hw>Skip"per</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>schipper</ets>.
See <er>Shipper</er>, and <er>Ship</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The master of a fishing or small trading
vessel; hence, the master, or captain, of any vessel.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ship boy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Congreve.</au>
<hw>Skip"pet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>skip</ets>, E. <ets>skipper</ets>. See <er>Ship</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small boat; a skiff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A little <qex>skippet</qex> floating did appear.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small round box for keeping records.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Skip"ping*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
skipping manner; by skips, or light leaps.</def>
<hw>Skirl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.& i.</pos> <ety>[Of Scand.
origin, and originally the same word as E.
<ets>shrill</ets>.]</ety> <def>To utter in a shrill tone; to
scream.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Skirl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shrill cry or sound.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Skirl"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The missel thrush; -- so called from
its harsh alarm note.</def> <mark>[Prev. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skirl"crake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
turnstone.</def> <mark>[Prev. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skirl"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shrill cry or sound; a
crying shrilly; a skirl.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<q>When the <qex>skirling</qex> of the pipes cleft the air his
cold eyes softened.</q>
<qau>Mrs. J. H. Ewing.</qau>
<hw>Skirl"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
small trout or salmon; -- a name used loosely.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skir"mish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Skirmished</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Skirmishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>skirmishen</ets>, <ets>scarmishen</ets>, OF.
<ets>escremir</ets>, <ets>eskermir</ets>, to fence, fight, F.
<ets>escrimer</ets>, of German origin; cf. OHG.
<ets>scirmen</ets> to protect, defend, G. <ets>schirmen</ets>,
OHG. <ets>scirm</ets>, <ets>scerm</ets>, protection, shield, G.
<ets>schirm</ets>; perhaps akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a sunshade.
Cf. <er>Scaramouch</er>, <er>Scrimmage</er>.]</ety> <def>To fight
slightly or in small parties; to engage in a skirmish or
skirmishes; to act as skirmishers.</def>
<hw>Skir"mish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE. <ets>scarmishe</ets>,
<ets>scrymishe</ets>. See <er>Skirmish</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A slight fight in war; a light
or desultory combat between detachments from armies, or between
detached and small bodies of troops.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A slight contest.</def>
<q>They never meet but there's a <qex>skirmish</qex> of wit.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Skir"mish*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
skirmishes.</def> Specifically: <pluf>pl.</pluf>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Soldiers deployed in loose order, to cover
the front or flanks of an advancing army or a marching
column.</def>
<hw>Skirr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Scur</er>, <er>Scurry</er>.]</ety> <def>To ramble over in
order to clear; to scour.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Skirr</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To scour; to scud; to
run.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<hw>Skirr</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
tern.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skir"ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A corrupted
form equivalent to <ets>sugarwort</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>An umbelliferous plant (<spn>Sium, <or/ Pimpinella,
Sisarum</spn>). It is a native of Asia, but has been long
cultivated in Europe for its edible clustered tuberous roots,
which are very sweet.</def>
<hw>Skir"rhus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Scirrhus</er>.</def>
<hw>Skirt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>skyrt</ets>, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <ets>skyrta</ets> a
shirt, Sw. <ets>sk\'94rt</ets> a skirt, <ets>skjorta</ets> a
shirt. See <er>Shirt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The lower and
loose part of a coat, dress, or other like garment; the part
below the waist; <as>as, the <ex>skirt</ex> of a coat, a dress,
or a mantle</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A loose edging to any part of a dress.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A narrow lace, or a small <qex>skirt</qex> of ruffled linen,
which runs along the upper part of the stays before, and crosses
the breast, being a part of the tucker, is called the modesty
piece.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Border; edge; margin; extreme part of
anything</def> \'bdHere in the <xex>skirts</xex> of the
forest.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A petticoat.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The diaphragm, or midriff, in animals.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>Skirt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Skirted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Skirting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with a
skirt; to surround.</def>
<q><qex>Skirted</qex> his loins and thighs with downy gold.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To border; to form the border or edge of; to run
along the edge of; <as>as, the plain was <ex>skirted</ex> by rows
of trees</as>.</def> \'bdWhen sundown <xex>skirts</xex> the
moor.\'b8
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Skirt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To be on the border; to
live near the border, or extremity.</def>
<q>Savages . . . who <qex>skirt</qex> along our western
frontiers.</q>
<qau>S. S. Smith.</qau>
<hw>Skirt"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<def>A skirting board.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Skirts, taken collectivelly; material for
skirts.</def>
<cs><col>Skirting board</col>, <cd>the board running around a
room on the wall next the floor; baseboard.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skit</hw> <pr>(?)/pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.
<ets>skit</ets>to slide, as adj., hasty, precipitate, of Scand.
origin, and akin to E. <ets>shoot</ets>, v.t.; cf. Icel.
<ets>skyti</ets>, <ets>skytja</ets>, <ets>skytta</ets>, a
marksman, shooter, <ets>skj<omac/ta</ets> to shoot,
<ets>sk<umac/ta</ets> a taunt. <root/159. See
<er>Shoot</er>.]</ety> <def>To cast reflections on; to
asperse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<au>Crose.</au>
<hw>Skit</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A reflection; a
jeer or gibe; a sally; a brief satire; a squib.</def>
<au>Tooke.</au>
<q>A similar vein satire upon the emptiness of writers is given
in his \'bdTritical Essay upon the Faculties of the Human
Mind;\'b8 but that is a mere <qex>skit</qex> compared with this
strange performance.</q>
<qau>Leslie Stephen.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wanton girl; a light wench.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Skit"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Skit</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Easily
frightened; timorous; shy; untrustworthy; <as>as, a
<ex>skittish</ex> colt</as>.</def> \'bdA restiff,
<xex>skittish</xex> jade.\'b8
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wanton; restive; freakish; volatile; changeable;
fickle.</def> \'bd<xex>Skittish</xex> Fortune's hall.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Skit"tish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Skit"tish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Skit"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to
the game of skittles.</def>
<cs><col>Skittle alley</col>, <cd>an alley or court in which the
game of skittles is played.</cd> -- <col>Skittle ball</col>,
<cd>a disk or flattish ball of wood for throwing at the pins in
the game of skittles.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skit"tle-dog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The piked dogfish.</def>
<hw>Skit"tles</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Of
Scand. origin. <root/159. See <er>Shoot</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,
and cf. <er>Shuttle</er>, <er>Skit</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<def>An English game resembling ninepins, but played by throwing
wooden disks, instead of rolling balls, at the pins.</def>
<hw>Skit"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Skittish</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rail; as,
the water rail (called also <altname>skitty cock</altname>, and
<altname>skitty coot</altname>); the spotted crake (<spn>Porzana
maruetta</spn>), and the moor hen.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>sk\'c6fa</ets> a shaving, slice, E. <ets>shive</ets>,
<ets>sheave</ets>.]</ety> <def>The iron lap used by diamond
polishers in finishing the facets of the gem.</def>
<hw>Skive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pare or
shave off the rough or thick parts of (hides or leather).</def>
<hw>Skiv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Skewer</er>, <er>Shiver</er> a fragment.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An inferior quality of leather, made of split sheepskin,
tanned by immersion in sumac, and dyed. It is used for hat
linings, pocketbooks, bookbinding, etc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cutting tool or machine used in splitting
leather or skins, as sheepskins.</def>
<hw>Ski"ving</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of paring or splitting leather or skins.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece made in paring or splitting leather;
specifically, the part from the inner, or flesh, side.</def>
<hw>Sklayre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>schleier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vell.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sklere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shelter;
to cover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Skol"e*cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Skol"e*zite</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Scolecite</er>.</def>
<hw>Skonce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sconce</er>.</def>
<hw>Scop"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
saury.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skor"o*dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Scorodite</er>.</def>
<hw>Skout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A guillemot.</def>
<hw>Sko"witz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Nisqually
(American Indian) name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
silver salmon.</def>
<hw>Skreen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Screen</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Skrike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To
shriek.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Skrike</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
missel thrush.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Skrim"mage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scrimmage</er>.</def>
<hw>Skrimp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scrimp</er>.</def>
<hw>Skringe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scringe</er>.</def>
<hw>Skrite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The skrike.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sku"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>sk<?/fr</ets>, <ets>sk<?/mr</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any jager gull; especially, the
<spn>Megalestris skua</spn>; -- called also
<altname>boatswain</altname>.</def>
<hw>Skue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Skew</er>.</def>
<hw>Skulk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Skulked</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Skulking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of Scand. origin; cf. Dan.
<ets>skulke</ets> to spare or save one's self, to play the
truant, Sw. <ets>skolka</ets> to be at leisure, to shirk, Icel.
<ets>skolla</ets>. Cf. <er>Scowl</er>.]</ety> <def>To hide, or
get out of the way, in a sneaking manner; to lie close, or to
move in a furtive way; to lurk.</def> \'bdWant <xex>skulks</xex>
in holes and crevices.\'b8
<au>W. C. Bryant.</au>
<q>Discovered and defeated of your prey,
You <qex>skulked</qex> behind the fence, and sneaked away.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Skulk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>skollr</ets>,
<ets>skolli</ets>, a fox, and E. <ets>skulk</ets>, v.i.]</ety>
<def>A number of foxes together.</def>
<au>Wright.</au>
<-- p. 1351 -->
<mhw>{ <hw>Skulk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Skulk"er</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which,
skulks.</def>
<hw>Skulk"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a skulking
manner.</def>
<hw>Skull</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>School</er> a multitude.]</ety> <def>A school, company, or
shoal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A knavish <qex>skull</qex> of boys and girls did pelt at
him.</q>
<au>Warner.</au>
<q>These fishes enter in great flotes and skulls.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>
<hw>Skull</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>skulle</ets>,
<ets>sculle</ets>, <ets>scolle</ets>; akin to Scot.
<ets>skull</ets>, <ets>skoll</ets>, a bowl, Sw. <ets>skalle</ets>
skull, <ets>skal</ets> a shell, and E. <ets>scale</ets>; cf. G.
hirn<ets>schale</ets>, Dan. hierne<ets>skal</ets>. Cf.
<er>Scale</er> of a balance.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The skeleton of the head of a vertebrate
animal, including the brain case, or cranium, and the bones and
cartilages of the face and mouth. See <xex>Illusts</xex>. of
<er>Carnivora</er>, of <cref>Facial angles</cref> under
<er>Facial</er>, and of <cref>Skeleton</cref>, in Appendix.</def>
<note><hand/ In many fishes the skull is almost wholly
cartilaginous but in the higher vertebrates it is more or less
completely ossified, several bones are developed in the face, and
the cranium is made up, wholly or partially, of bony plates
arranged in three segments, the <xex>frontal</xex>,
<xex>parietal</xex>, and <xex>occipital</xex>, and usually
closely united in the adult.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The head or brain; the seat of intelligence;
mind.</def>
<q><qex>Skulls</qex> that can not teach, and will not learn.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A covering for the head; a skullcap.</def>
<mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>
<q>Let me put on my <qex>skull</qex> first.</q>
<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sort of oar. See <er>Scull</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Skull and crossbones</col>, <cd>a symbol of death. See
<er>Crossbones</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skull"cap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A cap which fits the head closely; also, formerly, a
headpiece of iron sewed inside of a cap for protection.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the labiate genus
<spn>Scutellaria</spn>, the calyx of whose flower appears, when
inverted, like a helmet with the visor raised.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Lophiomys.</def>
<cs><col>Mad-dog skullcap</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an
American herb (<spn>Scetellaria lateriflora</spn>) formerly
prescribed as a cure for hydrophobia.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skull"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A whaler's
name for a whale more than two years old.</def>
<hw>Skul"pin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sculpin</er>.</def>
<hw>Skun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scum</er>.</def>
<hw>Skunk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. from the
Abenaki (American Indian) <ets>seganku</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of American
musteline carnivores of the genus <spn>Mephitis</spn> and allied
genera. They have two glands near the anus, secreting an
extremely fetid liquid, which the animal ejects at pleasure as a
means of defense.</def>
<note><hand/ The common species of the Eastern United States
(<spn>Mephitis mephitica</spn>) is black with more or less white
on the body and tail. The spotted skunk (<spn>Spilogale
putorius</spn>), native of the Southwestern United States and
Mexico, is smaller than the common skunk, and is variously marked
with black and white.</note>
<cs><mcol><col>Skunk bird</col>, <col>Skunk
blackbird</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the bobolink;
-- so called because the male, in the breeding season, is black
and white, like a skunk.</cd> -- <col>Skunk cabbage</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American aroid herb (<spn>Symplocarpus
f<oe/tidus</spn>>) having a reddish hornlike spathe in earliest
spring, followed by a cluster of large cabbagelike leaves. It
exhales a disagreeable odor. Also called <altname>swamp
cabbage</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Skunk porpoise</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Porpoise</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Skunk</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>In games of chance and
skill: To defeat (an opponent) (as in cards) so that he fails to
gain a point, or (in checkers) to get a king.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.</pos> <def>U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Skunk"ball`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The surf duck.</def>
<hw>Skunk"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The surf duck.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A duck (<spn>Camptolaimus Labradorus</spn>)
which formerly inhabited the Atlantic coast of New England. It is
now supposed to be extinct. Called also <altname>Labrador
duck</altname>, and <altname>pied duck</altname>.</def>
<hw>Skunk"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like the skunk, especially
in odor.</def>
<hw>Skunk"top`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The surf duck.</def>
<hw>Skunk"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Skunk cabbage.</def>
<hw>Skur"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Scurry</er>.</def>
<hw>Skute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>sk<?/ta</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>skuta</ets>, Dan.
<ets>skude</ets>, D. <ets>schuit</ets>, Lg. <ets>sch\'81te</ets>,
and E. <ets>schoot</ets>, v.t.]</ety> <def>A boat; a small
vessel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir R. Williams.</au>
<hw>Skut"ter*ud*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<ets>Skuttertid</ets>, in Norway, whence it is ibtained.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a bright metallic luster and
tin-white to pale lead-gray color. It consist of arsenic and
cobalt.</def>
<hw>Sky</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Skies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>skie</ets> a
cloud, Icel. <ets>sk<?/</ets>; akin to Sw. & Dan. <ets>sky</ets>;
cf. AS. <ets>sc<?/a</ets>, <ets>sc<?/wa</ets>, shadow, Icel.
<ets>skuggi</ets>; probably from the same root as E.
<ets>scum</ets>. <root/158. See <er>Scum</er>, and cf.
<er>Hide</er> skin, <er>Obscure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
cloud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>[A wind] that blew so hideously and high,
That it ne lefte not a <qex>sky</qex>
In all the welkin long and broad.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a shadow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>She passeth as it were a <qex>sky</qex>.</q>
<qau>Gower.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The apparent arch, or vault, of heaven, which in
a clear day is of a blue color; the heavens; the firmament; --
sometimes in the plural.</def>
<q>The Norweyan banners flout the <qex>sky</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The wheather; the climate.</def>
<q>Thou wert better in thy grave than to answer with thy
uncovered body this extremity of the <qex>skies</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sky</xex> is often used adjectively or in the
formation of self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>sky</xex> color,
<xex>sky</xex>light, <xex>sky</xex>-aspiring,
<xex>sky</xex>-born, <xex>sky</xex>-pointing,
<xex>sky</xex>-roofed, etc.</note>
<cs><col>Sky blue</col>, <cd>an azure color.</cd> -- <col>Sky
scraper</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a skysail of a triangular
form. <au>Totten</au>.</cd> -- <col>Under open sky</col>, <cd>out
of doors. \'bd<xex>Under open sky<xex> adored.\'b8
<au>Milton</au>.</cd></cs>
<-- sky scraper, a tall building, usu. skyscraper -->
<hw>Sky</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Skied</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Skyed</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Skying</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To hang (a picture on exhibition) near the top
of a wall, where it can not be well seen.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>Brother Academicians who <qex>skied</qex> his pictures.</q>
<qau>The Century.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To throw towards the sky; <as>as, to
<ex>sky</ex> a ball at cricket</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Sky"-blue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the
blue color of the sky; azure; <as>as, a <ex>sky-blue</ex>
stone</as>.</def>
<au>Wordsworth.</au>
<hw>Skyed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Surrounded by
sky.</def> <mark>[Poetic & R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>skyed</xex>
mountain.\'b8
<au>Thomson.</au>
<hw>Skye" ter"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Terrier</er>.</def>
<hw>Sky"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like the sky;
ethereal; being in the sky.</def> \'bd<xex>Skyey</xex>
regions.\'b8
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<q>Sublime on the towers of my <qex>skyey</qex> bowers,
Lightning, my pilot, sits.</q>
<qau>Shelley.</qau>
<hw>Sky"-high`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, adv. & a. Very high.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Sky"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like the sky, or approaching
the sky; lofty; ethereal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sky"lark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lark that mounts and sings as it
files, especially the common species (<spn>Alauda arvensis</spn>)
found in Europe and in some parts of Asia, and celebrated for its
melodious song; -- called also <altname>sky laverock</altname>.
See under <er>Lark</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ The Australian skylark (<spn>Cincloramphus
cantillans</spn>) is a pipit which has the habit of ascending
perpendicularly like a skylark, but it lacks the song of a true
lark. The Missouri skylark is a pipit (<spn>Anthus
Spraguei</spn>) of the Western United States, resembling the
skylark in habit and song.</note>
<hw>Sky"lark"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of running
about the rigging of a vessel in sport; hence, frolicking;
scuffing; sporting; carousing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Sky"light`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A window
placed in the roof of a building, in the ceiling of a room, or in
the deck of a ship, for the admission of light from above.</def>
<hw>Sky"rock`et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rocket
that ascends high and burns as it flies; a species of
fireworks.</def>
<hw>Sky"sail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>The sail set next above the royal. See <xex>Illust</xex>.
under <er>Sail</er>.</def>
<hw>Sky"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <def>Toward
the sky.</def>
<hw>Slab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slabbe</ets>, of uncertain origin; perhaps originally
meaning, a smooth piece, and akin to <ets>slape</ets>, Icel.
<ets>sleipr</ets> slippery, and E. <ets>slip</ets>, v. i.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A thin piece of anything, especially of marble
or other stone, having plane surfaces.</def>
<au>Gwilt.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An outside piece taken from a log or timber in
sawing it into boards, planks, etc.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wryneck.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The slack part of a
sail.</def>
<cs><col>Slab line</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a line or small
rope by which seamen haul up the foot of the mainsail or
foresail.</cd></cs>
<au>Totten.</au>
<hw>Slab</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gael. & Ir.
<ets>slaib</ets> mud, mire left on a river strand, and E.
<ets>slop</ets> puddle.]</ety> <def>Thick; viscous.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Make the gruel thick and <qex>slab</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Slab</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is slimy or viscous;
moist earth; mud; also, a puddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<hw>Slab"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slabbered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slabbering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>slaberen</ets>;
akin to LG. & D. <ets>slabbern</ets>, G. <ets>schlabbern</ets>,
LG. & D. <ets>slabben</ets>, G. <ets>schlabben</ets>, Icel.
<ets>slafra</ets>. Cf. <er>Slaver</er>, <er>Slobber</er>,
<er>Slubber</er>.]</ety> <def>To let saliva or some liquid fall
from the mouth carelessly, like a child or an idiot; to drivel;
to drool.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>slaver</asp>, and
<asp>slobber</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Slab"ber</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To wet and
foul spittle, or as if with spittle.</def>
<q>He <qex>slabbered</qex> me over, from cheek to cheek, with his
great tongue.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To spill liquid upon; to smear carelessly; to
spill, as liquid foed or drink, in careless eating or
drinking.</def>
<q>The milk pan and cream pot so <qex>slabbered</qex> and tost
That butter is wanting and cheese is half lost.</q>
<qau>Tusser.</qau>
<hw>Slab"ber</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Spittle; saliva;
slaver.</def>
<hw>Slab"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st
<er>Slab</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A saw
for cutting slabs from logs.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A slabbing
machine.</def>
<hw>Slab"ber*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
slabbers, or drools; hence, an idiot.</def>
<hw>Slab"ber*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like, or
covered with, slabber or slab; slippery; sloppy.</def>
<hw>Slab"bi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of
being slabby.</def>
<hw>Slab"bing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See 1st
<er>Slab</er>.]</ety> <def>Adapted for forming slabs, or for
dressing flat surfaces.</def>
<cs><col>Slabbing machine</col>, <cd>a milling machine.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slab"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Slabbier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Slabbiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Slab</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Thick;
viscous.</def>
<q>They present you with a cup, and you must drink of a
<qex>slabby</qex> stuff.</q>
<qau>Selden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sloppy; slimy; miry. See <er>Sloppy</er>.</def>
<au>Gay.</au>
<hw>Slab"-sid`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
flat sides; hence, tall, or long and lank.</def> <mark>[Colloq.
U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Slack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Slag</er>.]</ety> <def>Small coal; also, coal dust;
culm.</def>
<au>Raymond.</au>
<hw>Slack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>slakki</ets> a
slope on a mountain edge.]</ety> <def>A valley, or small, shallow
dell.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Grose.</au>
<hw>Slack</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Slacker</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Slackest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>slak</ets>, AS.
<ets>sleac</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>slak</ets>, OHG.
<ets>slah</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>schlack</ets>, Icel.
<ets>slakr</ets>, Sw. <ets>slak</ets>; cf. Skr.
<ets>s<rsdot/j</ets> to let loose, to throw. Cf.
<er>Slake</er>.]</ety> <def>Lax; not tense; not hard drawn; not
firmly extended; <as>as, a <ex>slack</ex> rope</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Weak; not holding fast; <as>as, a <ex>slack</ex>
hand</as>.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Remiss; backward; not using due diligence or
care; not earnest or eager; <as>as, <ex>slack</ex> in duty or
service</as>.</def>
<q>The Lord is not <qex>slack</qex> concerning his promise, as
some men count slackness.</q>
<qau>2 Pet. iii. 9.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not violent, rapid, or pressing; slow; moderate;
easy; <as>as, business is <ex>slack</ex></as>.</def> \'bdWith
<xex>slack</xex> pace.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>C<?/sar . . . about sunset, hoisting sail with a
<qex>slack</qex> southwest, at midnight was becalmed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<cs><col>Slack in stays</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>slow in
going about, as a ship.</cd> -- <col>Slack water</col>, <cd>the
time when the tide runs slowly, or the water is at rest; or the
interval between the flux and reflux of the tide.</cd> --
<col>Slack-water navigation</col>, <cd>navigation in a stream the
depth of which has been increased, and the current diminished, by
a dam or dams.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Loose; relaxed; weak; remiss; backward; abated;
diminished; inactive; slow; tardy; dull.</syn>
<hw>Slack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Slackly;
<as>as, <ex>slack</ex> dried hops</as>.</def>
<hw>Slack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The part of anything that
hangs loose, having no strain upon it; <as>as, the <ex>slack</ex>
of a rope or of a sail</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Slack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Slack"en</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slacked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <er>Slackened</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Slacking</er>,
<er>Slackening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Slack</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To become slack; to be made
less tense, firm, or rigid; to decrease in tension; <as>as, a wet
cord <ex>slackens</ex> in dry weather</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be remiss or backward; to be negligent.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To lose cohesion or solidity by a chemical
combination with water; to slake; <as>as, lime
<ex>slacks</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To abate; to become less violent.</def>
<q>Whence these raging fires
Will <qex>slacken</qex>, if his breath stir not their flames.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To lose rapidity; to become more slow; <as>as, a
current of water <ex>slackens</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To languish; to fail; to flag.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To end; to cease; to desist; to slake.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>That through your death your lineage should
<qex>slack</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>They will not of that firste purpose <qex>slack</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Slack</hw>, <hw>Slack"en</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>v.
t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render slack; to make less tense or
firm; <as>as, to <ex>slack</ex> a rope; to <ex>slacken</ex> a
bandage</as>.</def>
<au>Wycklif (Acts xxvii. 40)</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To neglect; to be remiss in.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q><qex>Slack</qex> not the pressage.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deprive of cohesion by combining chemically
with water; to slake; <as>as, to <ex>slack</ex> lime</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to become less eager; to repress; to
make slow or less rapid; to retard; <as>as, to <ex>slacken</ex>
pursuit; to <ex>slacken</ex> industry</as>.</def> \'bdRancor for
to <xex>slack</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>I should be grieved, young prince, to think my presence
Unbent your thoughts, and <qex>slackened</qex> 'em to arms.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>In this business of growing rich, poor men should
<qex>slack</qex> their pace.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<q>With such delay
Well plased, they <qex>slack</qex> their course.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cause to become less intense; to mitigate; to
abate; to ease.</def>
<q>To respite, or deceive, or <qex>slack</qex> thy pain
Of this ill mansion.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<cs><col>Air-slacked lime</col>, <cd>lime slacked by exposure to
the air, in consequence of the absorption of carton dioxide and
water, by which it is converted into carbonate of lime and
hydrate of lime.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slack"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>
<def>A spongy, semivitrifled substance which miners or smelters
mix with the ores of metals to prevent their fusion.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>slakin</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Slack"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a slack manner.</def>
<au>Trench.</au>
<hw>Slack"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being slack.</def>
<hw>Slade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sl<?/d</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A little dell or
valley; a flat piece of low, moist ground.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sole of a plow.</def>
<hw>Slag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sw.
<ets>slagg</ets>, or LG. <ets>slacke</ets>, whence G.
<ets>schlacke</ets>; originally, perhaps, the splinters struck
off from the metal by hammering. See <er>Slay</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The dross, or recrement, of a
metal; also, vitrified cinders.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The scoria of a volcano.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Slag furnace</col>, <or/ <col>Slag
hearth</col></mcol> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a furnace, or
hearth, for extracting lead from slags or poor ore.</cd> --
<col>Slag wool</col>, <cd>mineral wool. See under
<er>Mineral</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slag"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to slag; resembling slag; <as>as, <ex>slaggy</ex>
cobalt</as>.</def>
<hw>Slaie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sley</er>.]</ety> <def>A weaver's reed; a sley.</def>
<hw>Slake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slaked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Slaking</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>slaken</ets> to render slack, to slake, AS.
<ets>sleacian</ets>, fr. <ets>sleac</ets> slack. See
<er>Slack</er>, <pos>v.</pos> & <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To allay; to quench; to extinguish; <as>as, to
<ex>slake</ex> thirst</as>.</def> \'bdAnd <xex>slake</xex> the
heavenly fire.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>It could not <qex>slake</qex> mine ire nor ease my heart.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mix with water, so that a true chemical
combination shall take place; to slack; <as>as, to <ex>slake</ex>
lime</as>.</def>
<hw>Slake</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To go out; to
become extinct.</def> \'bdHis flame did <xex>slake</xex>.\'b8
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To abate; to become less decided.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To slacken; to become relaxed.</def> \'bdWhen
the body's strongest sinews <xex>slake</xex>.\'b8
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir J. Davies.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To become mixed with water, so that a true
chemical combination takes place; <as>as, the lime
<ex>slakes</ex></as>.</def>
<cs><col>Slake trough</col>, <cd>a trough containing water in
which a blacksmith cools a forging or tool.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slake"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not capable of being
slaked.</def>
<hw>Slak"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>
<def>Slacken.</def>
<hw>Slam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slammed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slamming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
<ets>slamra</ets>, <ets>slambra</ets>, <ets>sl<?/ma</ets>, Norw.
<ets>slemba</ets>, <ets>slemma</ets>, dial. Sw.
<ets>sl\'84mma</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shut with force
and a loud noise; to bang; <as>as, he <ex>slammed</ex> the
door</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put in or on some place with force and loud
noise; -- usually with <xex>down</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>slam</ex>
a trunk down on the pavement</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To strike with some implement with force; hence,
to beat or cuff.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To strike down; to slaughter.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To defeat (opponents at cards) by winning all
the tricks of a deal or a hand.</def>
<au>Hoyle.</au>
<cs><col>To slam to</col>, <cd>to shut or close with a slam.
\'bdHe <xex>slammed to<xex> the door.\'b8</cd> <au>W. D.
Howells.</au></cs>
<hw>Slam</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To come or swing against
something, or to shut, with sudden force so as to produce a shock
and noise; <as>as, a door or shutter <ex>slams</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Slam</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one who,
or that which, slams.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The shock and noise produced in slamming.</def>
<q>The <qex>slam</qex> and the scowl were lost upon Sam.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>Winning all the tricks
of a deal.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The refuse of alum works.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Slam"-bang`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With
great violence; with a slamming or banging noise.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Slam"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Slam"mer*kin</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>schlampe</ets>, <ets>schlamp</ets>, dim.
<ets>schl\'84mpchen</ets>; <ets>schlampen</ets> to dangle, to be
slovenly in one's dress.]</ety> <def>A slut; a slatternly
woman.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Slan"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sclandere</ets>, OF. <ets>esclandre</ets>,
<ets>esclandle</ets>, <ets>escandre</ets>, F.
<ets>esclandre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>scandalum</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/
a snare, stumbling block, offense, scandal; probably originally,
the spring of a trap, and akin to Skr. <ets>skand</ets> to
spring, leap. See <er>Scan</er>, and cf. <er>Scandal</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A false tale or report maliciously uttered,
tending to injure the reputation of another; the malicious
utterance of defamatory reports; the dissemination of malicious
tales or suggestions to the injury of another.</def>
<q>Whether we speak evil of a man to his face or behind his back;
the former way, indeed, seems to be the most generous, but yet is
a great fault, and that which we call \'bdreviling;\'b8 the
latter is more mean and base, and that which we properly call
\'bd<qex>slander</qex>\'b8, or \'bdBackbiting.\'b8</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<q>[We] make the careful magistrate
The mark of <qex>slander</qex>.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<-- p. 1352 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disgrace; reproach; dishonor; opprobrium.</def>
<q>Thou <qex>slander</qex> of thy mother's heavy womb.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Formerly, defamation generally,
whether oral or written; in modern usage, defamation by words
spoken; utterance of false, malicious, and defamatory words,
tending to the damage and derogation of another; calumny. See the
Note under <er>Defamation</er>.</def>
<au>Burril.</au>
<hw>Slan"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slandered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slandering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To defame; to
injure by maliciously uttering a false report; to tarnish or
impair the reputation of by false tales maliciously told or
propagated; to calumniate.</def>
<q>O, do not <qex>slander</qex> him, for he is kind.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring discredit or shame upon by one's
acts.</def>
<q>Tax not so bad a voice
To <qex>slander</qex> music any more than once.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To asperse; defame; calumniate; vilify; malign;
belie; scandalize; reproach. See <er>Asperse</er>.</syn>
<hw>Slan"der*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
slanders; a defamer; a calumniator.</def>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Slan"der*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Given or disposed to slander; uttering slander.</def>
\'bd<xex>Slanderous</xex> tongue.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Embodying or containing slander; calumnious;
<as>as, <ex>slanderous</ex> words, speeches, or
reports</as>.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Slan"der*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Slan"der*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Slang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Sling</er>. Slung.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<hw>Slang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any long, narrow piece of
land; a promontory.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Slang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Sling</er>.]</ety>
<def>A fetter worn on the leg by a convict.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Slang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Said to be of Gypsy origin;
but probably from Scand., and akin to E. <ets>sling</ets>; cf.
Norw. <ets>sleng</ets> a slinging, an invention, device,
<ets>slengja</ets> to sling, to cast, <ets>slengja kjeften</ets>
(literally, to sling the jaw) to use abusive language, to use
slang, <ets>slenjeord</ets> (<ets>ord</ets> = word) an insulting
word, a new word that has no just reason for being.]</ety>
<def>Low, vulgar, unauthorized language; a popular but
unauthorized word, phrase, or mode of expression; also, the
jargon of some particular calling or class in society; low
popular cant; <as>as, the <ex>slang</ex> of the theater, of
college, of sailors, etc.</as></def>
<hw>Slang</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slanged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Slanging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To address with
slang or ribaldry; to insult with vulgar language.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>Every gentleman abused by a cabman or <qex>slanged</qex> by a
bargee was bound there and then to take off his coat and
challenge him to fisticuffs.</q>
<qau>London Spectator.</qau>
<hw>Slang"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of
being slangy.</def>
<hw>Slan"gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slangy.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>John Bee.</au>
<hw>Slang"-whang`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Slang</ets> + <ets>whang</ets> to beat.]</ety>
<def>One who uses abusive slang; a ranting partisan.</def>
<mark>[Colloq. or Humorous]</mark>
<au>W. Irving.</au>
<hw>Slang"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to slang; of the nature of slang; disposed to use
slang.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>slangey</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Slank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Slink</er>.</def>
<hw>Slant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slanted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Slanting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slenten</ets> to slope, slide; cf. Sw. <ets>slinta</ets> to
slide.]</ety> <def>To be turned or inclined from a right line or
level; to lie obliquely; to slope.</def>
<q>On the side of younder <qex>slanting</qex> hill.</q>
<qau>Dodsley.</qau>
<hw>Slant</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To turn from a direct line;
to give an oblique or sloping direction to; <as>as, to
<ex>slant</ex> a line</as>.</def>
<hw>Slant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A slanting
direction or plane; a slope; <as>as, it lies on a
<ex>slant</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An oblique reflection or gibe; a sarcastic
remark.</def>
<cs><col>Slant or wind</col>, <cd>a local variation of the wind
from its general direction.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slant</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw.
<ets>slant</ets>. See <er>Slant</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<def>Inclined from a direct line, whether horizontal or
perpendicular; sloping; oblique.</def> \'bdThe <xex>slant</xex>
lightning.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Slant"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Oblique; sloping.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Slant"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<mhw>{ <hw>Slant"wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Slant"ly</hw>
}</mhw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an inclined direction;
obliquely; slopingly.</def>
<hw>Slap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slappe</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>slappe</ets>, G.
<ets>schlappe</ets>; probably of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>A
blow, esp. one given with the open hand, or with something
broad.</def>
<hw>Slap</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slapped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Slapping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike with the
open hand, or with something broad.</def>
<hw>Slap</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>slap</ets>, G.
<ets>schlapp</ets>. See <er>Slap</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<def>With a sudden and violent blow; hence, quickly; instantly;
directly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdThe railroad cars
drive <xex>slap</xex> into the city.\'b8
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Slap"dash`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Slap</ets> + <ets>dash</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>In a bold, careless manner; at random.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>With a slap; all at once; slap.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Prior.</au>
<hw>Slap"dash`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To apply, or apply
something to, in a hasty, careless, or rough manner; to
roughcast; <as>as, to <ex>slapdash</ex> mortar or paint on a
wall, or to <ex>slapdash</ex> a wall</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Slape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>sleipr</ets> slippery; akin to E. <ets>slip</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Slippery; smooth; crafty; hypocritical.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<cs><col>Slape ale</col>, <cd>plain ale, as opposed to
<xex>medicated<xex> or <xex>mixed<xex> ale.</cd> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Slape"face`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
soft-spoken, crafty hypocrite.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Slap"jack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flat
batter cake cooked on a griddle; a flapjack; a griddlecake.</def>
<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Slap"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, slaps.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything monstrous; a whopper.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>Grose.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Slap"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Slap"ping</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Very large; monstrous;
big.</def> <mark>[Slang.]</mark>
<hw>Slash</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slashed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Slashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slaschen</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. OF.
<ets>esclachier</ets> to break, <ets>esclechier</ets>,
<ets>esclichier</ets>, to break, and E. <ets>slate</ets>,
<ets>slice</ets>, <ets>slit</ets>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut by striking violently and at random; to
cut in long slits.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lash; to ply the whip to.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>King.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To crack or snap, as a whip.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Slash</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To strike violently and at
random, esp. with an edged instrument; to lay about one
indiscriminately with blows; to cut hastily and carelessly.</def>
<q>Hewing and <qex>slashing</qex> at their idle shades.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Slash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long cut; a cut
made at random.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large slit in the material of any garment,
made to show the lining through the openings.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Slashy</er>.]</ety> <pluf>pl.</pluf>
<def>Swampy or wet lands overgrown with bushes.</def>
<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Slashed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Marked or cut with a slash or slashes; deeply gashed;
especially, having long, narrow openings, as a sleeve or other
part of a garment, to show rich lining or under vesture.</def>
<q>A gray jerkin, with scarlet and <qex>slashed</qex>
sleeves.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Divided into many narrow parts
or segments by sharp incisions; laciniate.</def>
<hw>Slash"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Textile
Manuf.)</fld> <def>A machine for applying size to warp
yarns.</def>
<hw>Slash" pine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind
of pine tree (<spn>Pinus Cubensis</spn>) found in Southern
Florida and the West Indies; -- so called because it grows in
\'bdslashes.\'b8</def>
<hw>Slash"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw.
<ets>slaska</ets> to dabble in water. Cf. <er>Slush</er>.]</ety>
<def>Wet and dirty; slushy.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Slat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. <er>Slot</er>
a bar.]</ety> <def>A thin, narrow strip or bar of wood or metal;
<as>as, the <ex>slats</ex> of a window blind</as>.</def>
<hw>Slat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slatted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slatting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>slatten</ets>; cf.
Icel. <ets>sletta</ets> to slap, to dab.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To slap; to strike; to beat; to throw down violently.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<q>How did you kill him?
<qex>Slat<plain>[t]</plain>ed</qex> his brains out.</q>
<qau>Marston.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To split; to crack.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To set on; to incite. See 3d
<er>Slate</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Slatch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Slack</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
period of a transitory breeze.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An
interval of fair weather.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The loose or
slack part of a rope; slack.</def>
<hw>Slate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slat</ets>, OF. <ets>esclat</ets> a shiver, splinter, F.
<ets>\'82clat</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>esclater</ets> to shiver, to
chip, F. <ets>\'82clater</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>sliezen</ets> to
tear, slit, split, fr. <ets>sl\'c6zan</ets> to slit, G.
<ets>schleissen</ets>. See <er>Slit</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and
cf. <er>Eclat</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An
argillaceous rock which readily splits into thin plates;
argillite; argillaceous schist.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any rock or stone having a slaty
structure.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A prepared piece of such stone.</def>
Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thin, flat piece, for roofing or
covering houses, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tablet for
writing upon.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>An artificial material, resembling slate, and
used for the above purposes.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A thin plate of any material; a flake.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>A list of candidates,
prepared for nomination or for election; a list of candidates, or
a programme of action, devised beforehand.</def> <mark>[Cant,
U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<cs><col>Adhesive slate</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of
slate of a greenish gray color, which absorbs water rapidly, and
adheres to the tongue; whence the name.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Aluminous slate</col>, <or/ <col>Alum
slate</col></mcol> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of slate
containing sulphate of alumina, -- used in the manufacture of
alum.</cd> -- <col>Bituminous slate</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,
<cd>a soft species of sectile clay slate, impregnated with
bitumen.</cd> -- <col>Hornblende slate</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,
<cd>a slaty rock, consisting essentially of hornblende and
feldspar, useful for flagging on account of its toughness.</cd>
-- <mcol><col>Slate ax</col> <or/ <col>axe</col></mcol>, <cd>a
mattock with an ax end, used in shaping slates for roofs, and
making holes in them for the nails.</cd> -- <col>Slate clay</col>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>an indurated clay, forming one of the
alternating beds of the coal measures, consisting of an infusible
compound of alumina and silica, and often used for making fire
bricks. <au>Tomlinson</au>.</cd> -- <col>Slate globe</col>, <cd>a
globe the surface of which is made of an artificial slatelike
material.</cd> -- <col>Slate pencil</col>, <cd>a pencil of slate,
or of soapstone, used for writing on a slate.</cd> -- <col>Slate
rocks</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>rocks which split into thin
lamin\'91, not necessarily parallel to the stratification;
foliated rocks.</cd> -- <col>Slate spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,
<cd>a variety of calcite of silvery white luster and of a slaty
structure.</cd> -- <col>Transparent slate</col>, <cd>a plate of
translucent material, as ground glass, upon which a copy of a
picture, placed beneath it, can be made by tracing.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slated</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with
slate, or with a substance resembling slate; <as>as, to
<ex>slate</ex> a roof; to <ex>slate</ex> a globe.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To register (as on a slate and subject to
revision), for an appointment.</def> <mark>[Polit. Cant]</mark>
<hw>Slate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>sl<aemac/ting</ets> a privilege of hunting.]</ety> <def>To
set a dog upon; to bait; to slat. See 2d <er>Slat</er>, 3.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>slete</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Ray.</au>
<-- 2. To schedule.
3. To reserve or designate for a specific purpose. -->
<hw>Slate"-col`or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A dark bluish gray
color.</def>
<hw>Slate"-gray`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a dark
gray, like slate.</def>
<hw>Slat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who lays
slates, or whose occupation is to slate buildings.</def>
<hw>Slat"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
terrestrial isopod crustacean of the genus <spn>Porcellio</spn>
and allied genera; a sow bug.</def>
<hw>Slat"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
covering with slate, slates, or a substance resembling slate; the
work of a slater.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Slates, collectively; also, material for
slating.</def>
<hw>Slatt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Slat</er> a strip of board.]</ety> <def>A slab of stone used
as a veneer for coarse masonry.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Slat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[E.
<ets>slat</ets> to throw or dash about.]</ety> <def>To be
careless, negligent, or aswkward, esp. with regard to dress and
neatness; to be wasteful.</def>
<au>Ray.</au>
<hw>Slat"tern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who
is negligent of her dress or house; one who is not neat and
nice.</def>
<hw>Slat"tern</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a slattern;
sluttish; slatterny.</def> \'bdThe <xex>slattern</xex> air.\'b8
<au>Gay.</au>
<hw>Slat"tern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To consume
carelessly or wastefully; to waste; -- with
<xex>away</xex>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Chesterfield.</au>
<hw>Slat"tern*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being slatternly; slovenliness;
untidiness.</def>
<hw>Slat"tern*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a slattern;
sluttish; negligent; dirty.</def> -- <def2><pos>adv.</pos>
<def>In a slatternly manner.</def></def2>
<hw>Slat"ter*pouch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dance
or game played by boys, requiring active exercise.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Gayton.</au>
<hw>Slat"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>Slats, collectively.</def>
<hw>Slat"ting</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The violent shaking or
flapping of anything hanging loose in the wind, as of a sail,
when being hauled down.</def>
<hw>Slat"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Slate</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling slate; having the nature,
appearance, or properties, of slate; composed of thin parallel
plates, capable of being separated by splitting; <as>as, a
<ex>slaty</ex> color or texture</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Slaty cleavage</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>cleavage, as
of rocks, into thin leaves or plates, like those of slate; --
applied especially to those cases in which the planes of cleavage
are not parallel to the planes of stratification. It is now
believed to be caused by the compression which the strata have
undergone.</cd> -- <col>Slaty gneiss</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,
<cd>a variety of gneiss in which the scales of mica or crystals
of hornblende, which are usually minute, form thin lamin\'91,
rendering the rock easily cleavable.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slaugh"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slautir</ets>, <ets>slaughter</ets>, <ets>slaghter</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sl\'betr</ets> slain flesh, modified by OE.
<ets>slaught</ets>, <ets>slaht</ets>, slaughter, fr. AS.
<ets>sleaht</ets> a stroke, blow; both from the root of E. slay.
See <er>Slay</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Onslaught</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of killing.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The extensive, violent, bloody,
or wanton destruction of life; carnage.</def>
<q>On war and mutual <qex>slaughter</qex> bent.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act of killing cattle or other beasts for
market</def>.
<syn>Syn. -- Carnage; massacre; butchery; murder; havoc.</syn>
<hw>Slaugh"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slaughtered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Slaughtering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
visit with great destruction of life; to kill; to slay in
battle.</def>
<q>Your castle is surprised; your wife and babes
Savagely <qex>slaughtered</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To butcher; to kill for the market, as
beasts.</def>
<hw>Slaugh"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
slaughters.</def>
<hw>Slaugh"ter*house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
house where beasts are butchered for the market.</def>
<hw>Slaugh"ter*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Slaughtermen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One employed
in slaughtering.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Slaugh"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Destructive; murderous.</def> <au>Shak.</au> <au>M.
Arnold</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Slaugh"ter*ous*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Slav</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;<plu>pl.
<plw>Slavs</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[A word originally
meaning, intelligible, and used to contrast the people so called
with foreigners who spoke languages unintelligible to the Slavs;
akin to OSlav. <ets>slovo</ets> a word, <ets>slava</ets> fame,
Skr. <ets><cced/ru</ets> to hear. Cf. <er>Loud</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of a race of people occupying a
large part of Eastern and Northern Europe, including the
Russians, Bulgarians, Roumanians, Servo-Croats, Slovenes, Poles,
Czechs, Wends or Sorbs, Slovaks, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>Slave</asp>, and <asp>Sclav</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Slave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Slav</er>.</def>
<hw>Slave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>esclave</ets>, D. <ets>slaaf</ets>, Dan. <ets>slave</ets>,
<ets>sclave</ets>, Sw. <ets>slaf</ets>, all fr. G.
<ets>sklave</ets>, MHG. also <ets>slave</ets>, from the national
name of the Slavonians, or Sclavonians (in LL. <ets>Slavi</ets>
or <ets>Sclavi</ets>), who were frequently made slaves by the
Germans. See <er>Slav</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person who
is held in bondage to another; one who is wholly subject to the
will of another; one who is held as a chattel; one who has no
freedom of action, but whose person and services are wholly under
the control of another.</def>
<q> thou our <qex>slave</qex>,
Our captive, at the public mill our drudge?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who has lost the power of resistance; one
who surrenders himself to any power whatever; <as>as, a
<ex>slave</ex> to passion, to lust, to strong drink, to
ambition</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A drudge; one who labors like a slave.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>An abject person; a wretch.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Slave ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species
of ants which is captured and enslaved by another species,
especially <spn>Formica fusca</spn> of Europe and America, which
is commonly enslaved by <xex>Formica sanguinea<xex>.</cd> --
<col>Slave catcher</col>, <cd>one who attempted to catch and
bring back a fugitive slave to his master.</cd> -- <col>Slave
coast</col>, <cd>part of the western coast of Africa to which
slaves were brought to be sold to foreigners.</cd> -- <col>Slave
driver</col>, <cd>one who superintends slaves at their work;
hence, figuratively, a cruel taskmaster.</cd> -- <col>Slave
hunt</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A search after persons in order to
reduce them to slavery</cd>. <au>Barth</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A
search after fugitive slaves, often conducted with
bloodhounds.</cd> -- <col>Slave ship</col>, <cd>a vessel employed
in the slave trade or used for transporting slaves; a
slaver.</cd> -- <col>Slave trade</col>, <cd>the busines of
dealing in slaves, especially of buying them for transportation
from their homes to be sold elsewhere.</cd> -- <col>Slave
trader</col>, <cd>one who traffics in slaves.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Bond servant; bondman; bondslave; captive; henchman;
vassal; dependent; drudge. See <er>Serf</er>.</syn>
<hw>Slave</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slaved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slaving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To drudge; to toil; to labor
as a slave.</def>
<hw>Slave</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enslave.</def>
<au>Marston.</au>
<hw>Slave"born`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Born in
slavery.</def>
<hw>Slave"hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
holds slaves.</def>
<hw>Slave"hold`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Holding persons in
slavery.</def>
<hw>Slave*oc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Slavocracy</er>.</def>
<hw>Slav"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
vessel engaged in the slave trade; a slave ship.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person engaged in the purchase and sale of
slaves; a slave merchant, or slave trader.</def>
<q>The <qex>slaver's</qex> hand was on the latch,
He seemed in haste to go.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>Slav"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slavered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slavering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>slafra</ets>. See <er>Slabber</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To suffer spittle, etc., to run from the mouth.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be besmeared with saliva.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Slav"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To smear with saliva
issuing from the mouth; to defile with drivel; to slabber.</def>
<hw>Slav"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Saliva driveling from the
mouth.</def>
<q>Of all mad creatures, if the learned are right,
It is the <qex>slaver</qex> kills, and not the bite.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Slav"er*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A driveler;
an idiot.</def>
<-- p. 1353 -->
<hw>Slav"er*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Drooling;
defiling with saliva.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Slav"er*ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Slav"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Slaveries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See 2d
<er>Slave</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition of a slave;
the state of entire subjection of one person to the will of
another.</def>
<q>Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still, <qex>slavery</qex>, said
I, still thou art a bitter draught!</q>
<qau>Sterne.</qau>
<q>I wish, from my soul, that the legislature of this state
[Virginia] could see the policy of a gradual abolition of
<qex>slavery</qex>. It might prevent much future mischief.</q>
<qau>Washington.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A condition of subjection or submission
characterized by lack of freedom of action or of will.</def>
<q>The vulgar <qex>slaveries</qex> rich men submit to.</q>
<qau>C. Lever.</qau>
<q>There is a <qex>slavery</qex> that no legislation can abolish,
-- the <qex>slavery</qex> of caste.</q>
<qau>G. W. Cable.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The holding of slaves.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Bondage; servitude; inthrallment; enslavement;
captivity; bond service; vassalage.</syn>
<hw>Slav"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
maidservant.</def> <mark>[Colloq. & Jocose Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Slav"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slavonic.</def>
-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The group of allied languages spoken
by the Slavs.</def></def2>
<hw>Slav"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to slaves; such as becomes or befits a slave; servile;
excessively laborious; <as>as, a <ex>slavish</ex> life; a
<ex>slavish</ex> dependance on the great.</as></def> --
<wordforms><wf>Slav"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Slav"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Slav"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The common
feeling and interest of the Slavonic race.</def>
<hw>Slav*oc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Slave</ets> + <ets>-cracy</ets>, as in
<ets>democracy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The persons or interest
formerly representing slavery politically, or wielding political
power for the preservation or advancement of slavery.</def>
<mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sla*vo"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sla*von"ic</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or
pertaining to Slavonia, or its inhabitants.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Slavs, or their
language.</def>
<hw>Sla*vo"ni*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant
of Slavonia; ethnologically, a Slav.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Slav"o*phil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Slav"o*phile</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Slavic</ets> + Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ loving.]</ety> <def>One, not being a Slav, who is
interested in the development and prosperity of that race.</def>
<hw>Slaw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>sla</ets>, contr. fr. <ets>salade</ets>, OD.
<ets>salaet</ets>, <ets>salad</ets>. See <er>Salad</er>.]</ety>
<def>Sliced cabbage served as a salad, cooked or uncooked.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Slaw</hw>, <hw>Slaw"en</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of <er>Slee</er>, to
slay.</def>
<q>With a sword drawn out he would have <qex>slaw</qex>
himself.</q>
<qau>Wyclif (Acts xvi. 27.)</qau>
<hw>Slay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Slew</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Slain</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>slan</ets>,
<ets>sl<?/n</ets>, <ets>sleen</ets>, <ets>slee</ets>, AS.
<ets>sle\'a0n</ets> to strike, beat, slay; akin to OFries.
<ets>sl\'be</ets>, D. <ets>slaan</ets>, OS. & OHG.
<ets>slahan</ets>, G. <ets>schlagen</ets>, Icel.
<ets>sl\'be</ets>, Dan. <ets>slaae</ets>, Sw. <ets>sl<?/</ets>,
Goth. <ets>slahan</ets>; perhaps akin to L. <ets>lacerare</ets>
to tear to pieces, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, E. <ets>lacerate</ets>. Cf.
<er>Slaughter</er>, <er>Sledge</er> a hammer,
<er>Sley</er>.]</ety> <def>To put to death with a weapon, or by
violence; hence, to kill; to put an end to; to destroy.</def>
<q>With this sword then will I <qex>slay</qex> you both.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>I will <qex>slay</qex> the last of them with the sword.</q>
<qau>Amos ix. 1.</qau>
<q>I'll <qex>slay</qex> more gazers than the basilisk.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To kill; murder; slaughter; butcher.</syn>
<hw>Slay"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who slays;
a killer; a murderer; a destrroyer of life.</def>
<hw>Sla"zy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sleazy</er>.</def>
<hw>Sle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To slay.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sleave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.
<ets>sl\'94if</ets>, a knot loop, Sw. <ets>slejf</ets>, G.
<ets>schleife</ets> a knot, silding knot, and E. <ets>slip</ets>,
v.i.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The knotted or entangled part of
silk or thread.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Silk not yet twisted;
floss; -- called also <altname>sleave silk</altname>.</def>
<q>Sleep that knits up the ravell'd <qex>sleave</qex> of
care.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sleave</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sleaved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sleaving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To separate, as
threads; to divide, as a collection of threads; to sley; -- a
weaver's term.</def>
<hw>Sleaved</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Raw; not spun
or wrought; <as>as, <ex>sleaved</ex> thread or silk</as>.</def>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Slea"zi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of
being sleazy.</def>
<hw>Slea"zy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>schleissig</ets> worn out, threadbare, from
<ets>schleissen</ets> to slit, split, decay, or E.
<ets>leasy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wanting firmness of texture or
substance; thin; flimsy; <as>as, <ex>sleazy</ex> silk or
muslin</as>.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>slazy</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D.
<ets>slede</ets>, G. <ets>schlitten</ets>, OHG. <ets>slito</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sle<?/i</ets>, Sw. <ets>sl\'84de</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sl<?/de</ets>, and E. <ets>slide</ets>, v. See
<er>Slide</er>, and cf. <er>Sledge</er> a vehicle,
<er>Sleigh</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A vehicle on runners,
used for conveying loads over the snow or ice; -- in England
called <xex>sledge</xex>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small, light vehicle with runners, used,
mostly by young persons, for sliding on snow or ice.</def>
<hw>Sled</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sledded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sledding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To convey or transport on a
sled; <as>as, to <ex>sled</ex> wood or timber</as>.</def>
<hw>Sled"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of transporting or riding on a sled.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of the snow which admits of the
running of sleds; <as>as, the <ex>sledding</ex> is
good</as>.</def>
<hw>Sledge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps from
<ets>sleds</ets>, pl. of <ets>sled</ets>, confused with
<ets>sledge</ets> a hammer. See <er>Sled</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A strong vehicle with low
runners or low wheels; or one without wheels or runners, made of
plank slightly turned up at one end, used for transporting loads
upon the snow, ice, or bare ground; a sled.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hurdle on which, formerly, traitors were drawn
to the place of execution.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sleigh.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A game at cards; -- called also <altname>old
sledge</altname>, and <altname>all fours</altname>.</def>
<-- also called seven-up. See def above. -->
<hw>Sledge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sledged</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sledging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To travel or convey in a
sledge or sledges.</def>
<au>Howitt.</au>
<hw>Sledge</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>slecge</ets>,from
<ets>sle\'a0n</ets> to strike, beat. See <er>Slay</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A large, heavy hammer, usually wielded with
both hands; -- called also <altname>sledge
hammer</altname>.</def>
<q>With his heavy <qex>sledge</qex> he can it beat.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Slee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Slay</er>.]</ety> <def>To slay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sleek</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sleeker</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sleekest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slik</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>sl\'c6kr</ets>, and OE.
<ets>sliken</ets> to glide, slide, G. <ets>schleichen</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sl\'c6hhan</ets>, D. <ets>slik</ets>, <ets>slijk</ets>, mud,
slime, and E. <ets>slink</ets>. Cf. <er>Slick</er>,
<er>Slink</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having an even, smooth
surface; smooth; hence, glossy; <as>as, <ex>sleek</ex>
hair</as>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>So <qex>sleek</qex> her skin, so faultless was her make.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not rough or harsh.</def>
<q>Those rugged names to our like mouths grow
<qex>sleek</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sleek</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With ease and
dexterity.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>
<hw>Sleek</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which makes smooth;
varnish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sleek</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sleeked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sleeking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make even and smooth; to
render smooth, soft, and glossy; to smooth over.</def>
<q><qex>Sleeking</qex> her soft alluring locks.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Gentle, my lord, <qex>sleek</qex> o'er your rugged looks.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sleek"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sleek manner;
smoothly.</def>
<hw>Sleek"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being sleek; smoothness and glossiness of surface.</def>
<hw>Sleek"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of
a sleek, or smooth, and glossy appearance.</def>
<au>Thomson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fawning and deceitful; sly.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sleep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of Sleep. Slept.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sleep</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slept</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sleeping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>slepen</ets>, AS.
<ets>sl<?/pan</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>sl<?/pa</ets>, OS.
<ets>sl\'bepan</ets>, D. <ets>slapen</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sl\'befan</ets>, G. <ets>schlafen</ets>, Goth.
<ets>sl<?/pan</ets>, and G. <ets>schlaff</ets> slack, loose, and
L. <ets>labi</ets> to glide, slide, <ets>labare</ets> to totter.
Cf. <er>Lapse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take rest by a
suspension of the voluntary exercise of the powers of the body
and mind, and an apathy of the organs of sense; to slumber.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Watching at the head of these that <qex>sleep</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> Figuratively: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To be careless,
inattentive, or uncouncerned; not to be vigilant; to live
thoughtlessly.</def>
<q>We <qex>sleep</qex> over our happiness.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To be dead; to lie in the grave</def>.
<q>Them also which <qex>sleep</qex> in Jesus will God bring with
him.</q>
<qau>1 Thess. iv. 14. </qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To be, or appear to be, in repose; to be quiet;
to be unemployed, unused, or unagitated; to rest; to lie dormant;
<as>as, a question <ex>sleeps</ex> for the present; the law
<ex>sleeps</ex></as></def>.
<q>How sweet the moonlight <qex>sleep</qex> upon this bank!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sleep</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be
slumbering in; -- followed by a cognate object; <as>as, to
<ex>sleep</ex> a dreamless sleep</as>.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give sleep to; to furnish with accomodations
for sleeping; to lodge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Blackw. Mag.</au>
<cs><col>To sleep away</col>, <cd>to spend in sleep; <as>as,
<ex>to sleep away<ex> precious time</as>.</cd> -- <col>To sleep
off</col>, <cd>to become free from by sleep; <as>as, <ex>to sleep
off<ex> drunkeness or fatigue</as>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sleep</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>sl<?/p</ets>; akin
to OFries. <ets>sl<?/p</ets>, OS. <ets>sl\'bep</ets>, D.
<ets>slaap</ets>, OHG. <ets>sl\'bef</ets>, G. <ets>schlaf</ets>,
Goth. <ets>sl<?/ps</ets>. See <er>Sleep</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>]</ety> <def>A natural and healthy, but temporary and
periodical, suspension of the functions of the organs of sense,
as well as of those of the voluntary and rational soul; that
state of the animal in which there is a lessened acuteness of
sensory perception, a confusion of ideas, and a loss of mental
control, followed by a more or less unconscious state.</def>
\'bdA man that waketh of his <xex>sleep</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>O <qex>sleep</qex>, thou ape of death.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ Sleep is attended by a relaxation of the muscles,
and the absence of voluntary activity for any rational objects or
purpose. The pulse is slower, the respiratory movements fewer in
number but more profound, and there is less blood in the cerebral
vessels. It is susceptible of greater or less intensity or
completeness in its control of the powers.</note>
<-- the dreaming portions of sleep occurs periodically, and is
associated with "rapid eye movements" (REM), and in this state
the sleeper is more easily wakened; the dreamiong alternates with
a more profound sleep, from which it is more difficult to awake
the sleeper. -->
<cs><col>Sleep of plants</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a state of
plants, usually at night, when their leaflets approach each
other, and the flowers close and droop, or are covered by the
folded leaves.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Slumber; repose; rest; nap; doze; drowse.</syn>
<hw>Sleep"-at-noon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Tragopogon pratensis</spn>)
which closes its flowers at midday; a kind of goat's beard.</def>
<au>Dr. Prior.</au>
<hw>Sleep"-charged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Heavy
with sleep.</def>
<hw>Sleep"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who sleeps; a slumberer; hence, a drone, or lazy
person.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which lies dormant, as a law.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sleeping car.</def> <mark>[Colloq.
U.S.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal that hibernates,
as the bear.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large
fresh-water gobioid fish (<spn>Eleotris dormatrix</spn>).</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A nurse shark. See under <er>Nurse</er>.</def>
<hw>Sleep"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Norw. <ets>sleip</ets>
a sleeper (a timber), as adj., slippery, smooth. See
<er>Slape</er>.]</ety> <def>Something lying in a reclining
posture or position.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the pieces of timber, stone, or iron, on
or near the level of the ground, for the support of some
superstructure, to steady framework, to keep in place the rails
of a railway, etc.; a stringpiece.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the joists, or roughly shaped timbers,
laid directly upon the ground, to receive the flooring of the
ground story</def>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the knees which
connect the transoms to the after timbers on the ship's
quarter</def>.
<sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Naut.<def>)</fld> The lowest, or bottom, tier
of casks</def>.
<hw>Sleep"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Strongly
inclined to sleep; very sleepy.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sleep"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sleep"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
sleepy manner; drowsily.</def>
<hw>Sleep"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being sleepy.</def>
<hw>Sleep"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Sleep</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Sleeping car</col>, <cd>a railway car or carrriage,
arranged with apartments and berths for sleeping.</cd> --
<col>Sleeping partner</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a dormant
partner. See under <er>Dormant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sleeping
table</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a stationary inclined
platform on which pulverized ore is washed; a kind of
buddle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sleep"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disposed to
sleep; sleepy; drowsy.</def>
<q>Your <qex>sleepish</qex>, and more than <qex>sleepish</qex>,
security.</q>
<qau>Ford.</qau>
<hw>Sleep"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having no
sleep; wakeful.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having no rest; perpetually agitated.</def>
\'bdBiscay's <xex>sleepless</xex> bay.\'b8
<au>Byron.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sleep"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sleep"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sleep"mark`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Hag</er>, 4.</def>
<hw>Sleep"wak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>On in a
state of magnetic or mesmeric sleep.</def>
<hw>Sleep"wak`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of one
mesmerized, or in a partial and morbid sleep.</def>
<hw>Sleep"walk`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
walks in his sleep; a somnambulist.</def>
<hw>Sleep"walk`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Walking in one's
sleep.</def>
<hw>Sleep"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sleepier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sleepiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sl<?/pig</ets>. See <er>Sleep</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Drowsy; inclined to, or overcome by,
sleep.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>She waked her <qex>sleepy</qex> crew.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tending to induce sleep; soporiferous;
somniferous; <as>as, a <ex>sleepy</ex> drink or
potion</as>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Dull; lazy; heavy; sluggish.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>'Tis not <qex>sleepy</qex> business;
But must be looked to speedily and strongly.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Characterized by an absence of watchfulness;
<as>as, <ex>sleepy</ex> security</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sleepy duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ruddy
duck.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sleep"y*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A sleepy person.</def>
<q>To bed, to bed, says <qex>Sleepyhead</qex>.</q>
<qau>Mother Goose.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ruddy duck.</def>
<hw>Sle"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A slayer.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sleet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gun.)</fld>
<def>The part of a mortar extending from the chamber to the
trunnions.</def>
<hw>Sleet</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sleet</ets>; akin to
MHG. <ets>sl<?/z</ets>, <ets>sl<?/ze</ets> hailstone, G.
<ets>schlosse</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>Hail or
snow, mingled with rain, usually falling, or driven by the wind,
in fine particles.</def>
<hw>Sleet</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sleeted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sleeting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To snow or hail with a
mixture of rain.</def>
<hw>Sleetch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Slush</er>, <er>Slutch</er>.]</ety> <def>Mud or slime, such
as that at the bottom of rivers.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sleet"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
of being sleety.</def>
<hw>Sleet"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to sleet; characterized by sleet; <as>as, a
<ex>sleety</ex> storm; <ex>sleety</ex> weather</as>.</def>
<hw>Sleeve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sleave</er>, untwisted thread.</def>
<hw>Sleeve</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sleeve</ets>,
<ets>sleve</ets>, AS. <ets>sl<?/fe</ets>, <ets>sl<?/fe</ets>;
akin to <ets>sl<?/fan</ets> to put on, to clothe; cf. OD.
<ets>sloove</ets> the turning up of anything, <ets>sloven</ets>
to turn up one's sleeves, <ets>sleve</ets> a sleeve, G.
<ets>schlaube</ets> a husk, pod.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The part
of a garment which covers the arm; <as>as, the <ex>sleeve</ex> of
a coat or a gown</as>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A narrow channel of water.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The Celtic Sea, called oftentimes the <qex>Sleeve</qex>.</q>
<qau>Drayton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tubular part
made to cover, sustain, or steady another part, or to form a
connection between two parts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A long
bushing or thimble, as in the nave of a wheel.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>A short piece of pipe used for covering a joint, or forming
a joint between the ends of two other pipes.</def>
<cs><col>Sleeve button</col>, <cd>a detachable button to fasten
the wristband or cuff.</cd> -- <col>Sleeve links</col>, <cd>two
bars or buttons linked together, and used to fasten a cuff or
wristband.</cd> -- <col>To laugh in the sleeve</col>, <cd>to
laugh privately or unperceived, especially while apparently
preserving a grave or serious demeanor toward the person or
persons laughed at; that is, perhaps, originally, by hiding the
face in the wide sleeves of former times.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To
pin</col>, <or/ <col>hang</col>, <col>on the sleeve
of</col></mcol>, <cd>to be, or make, dependent upon.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sleeve</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sleeved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sleeving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with
sleeves; to put sleeves into; <as>as, to <ex>sleeve</ex> a
coat</as>.</def>
<hw>Sleeved</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having sleeves;
furnished with sleeves; -- often in composition; <as>as,
long-<ex>sleeved</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sleeve"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A squid.</def>
<hw>Sleeve"hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The part
of a sleeve nearest the hand; a cuff or wristband.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sleeve"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sl<?/fle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having no
sleeves.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wanting a cover, pretext, or palliation;
unreasonable; profitless; bootless; useless.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The vexation of a <qex>sleeveless</qex> errand.</q>
<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>
<hw>Sleid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sleided</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Sleiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Sley</er>.]</ety> <def>To sley, or prepare for use in the
weaver's sley, or slaie.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sleigh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sly.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sleigh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D. & LG.
<ets>slede</ets>, <ets>slee</ets>, Icel. <ets>sle<?/i</ets>. See
<er>Sled</er>.]</ety> <def>A vehicle moved on runners, and used
for transporting persons or goods on snow or ice; -- in England
commonly called a <xex>sledge</xex>.</def>
<cs><col>Sleigh bell</col>, <cd>a small bell attached either to a
horse when drawing a slegh, or to the sleigh itself; especially a
globular bell with a loose ball which plays inside instead of a
clapper.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sleigh"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
riding in a sleigh.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of the snow or ice which admits of
running sleighs.</def>
<hw>Sleight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sleighte</ets>, <ets>sleihte</ets>, <ets>sleithe</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sl<?/g<?/</ets> (for <ets>sl<?/g<?/</ets>) slyness,
cunning, fr. <ets>sl<?/gr</ets> (for <ets>sl<?/gr</ets>) sly,
cunning. See <er>Sly</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Cunning;
craft; artful practice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdHis
<xex>sleight</xex> and his covin.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An artful trick; sly artifice; a feat so
dexterous that the manner of performance escapes
observation.</def>
<q>The world hath many subtle <qex>sleights</qex>.</q>
<qau>Latimer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Dexterous practice; dexterity; skill.</def>
<au>Chaucer</au>. \'bdThe juggler's <xex>sleight</xex>.\'b8
<au>Hudibras.</au>
<cs><col>Sleight of hand</col>, <cd>legerdemain;
prestidigitation.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1354 -->
<hw>Sleigt"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cunning;
dexterous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sleight"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Cinningly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Huloet.</au>
<hw>Sleight"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cinning;
sly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Huloet.</au>
<hw>Slen"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Slenderer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Slenderest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slendre</ets>, <ets>sclendre</ets>, fr. OD.
<ets>slinder</ets> thin, slender, perhaps through a French form;
cf. OD. <ets>slinderen</ets>, <ets>slidderen</ets>, to creep;
perh. akin to E. <ets>slide</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Small
or narrow in proportion to the length or the height; not thick;
slim; <as>as, a <ex>slender</ex> stem or stalk of a
plant</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>slender</xex>, choleric man.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>She, as a veil down to the <qex>slender</qex> waist,
Her unadorned golden tresses wore.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Weak; feeble; not strong; slight; <as>as,
<ex>slender</ex> hope; a <ex>slender</ex>
constitution</as>.</def>
<q>Mighty hearts are held in <qex>slender</qex> chains.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>They have inferred much from <qex>slender</qex> premises.</q>
<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>
<q>The <qex>slender</qex> utterance of the consonants.</q>
<qau>J. Byrne.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Moderate; trivial; inconsiderable; slight;
<as>as, a man of <ex>slender</ex> intelligence</as>.</def>
<q>A <qex>slender</qex> degree of patience will enable him to
enjoy both the humor and the pathos.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Small; inadequate; meager; pitiful; <as>as,
<ex>slender</ex> means of support; a <ex>slender</ex>
pittance</as>.</def>
<q>Frequent begging makes <qex>slender</qex> alms.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Spare; abstemious; frugal; <as>as, a
<ex>slender</ex> diet</as>.</def>
<q>The good Ostorius often deigned
To grace my <qex>slender</qex> table with his presence.</q>
<qau>Philips.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Uttered with a thin tone; --
the opposite of <xex>broad</xex>; <as>as, the <ex>slender</ex>
vowels long <ex>e</ex> and <ex>i</ex></as>.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Slen"der*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Slen"der*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Slent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Slant</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Slep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Sleep</er>. Slept.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sle*pez"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.
<ets>sliepets'</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
burrowing rodent (<spn>Spalax typhlus</spn>), native of Russia
and Asia Minor. It has the general appearance of a mole, and is
destitute of eyes. Called also <altname>mole rat</altname>.</def>
<hw>Slept</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Sleep</er>.</def>
<hw>Sleuth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>sl<omac/<edh/</ets>. See <er>Slot</er> a track.]</ety>
<def>The track of man or beast as followed by the scent.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Sleuth"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sleuth</er>, and cf. <er>Slothound</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hound that tracks animals by the
scent; specifically, a bloodhound.</def> <altsp>[Spelt variously
<asp>slouthhound</asp>, <asp>sluthhound</asp>, etc.]</altsp>
<hw>Slew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Slay</er>.</def>
<hw>Slew</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See <er>Slue</er>.</def>
<hw>Slewed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
drunk.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<hw>Slewth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sloth;
idleness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sl<?/</ets>, fr. <ets>sle\'a0n</ets> to strike. See
<er>Slay</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
weaver's reed.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also
<asp>slaie</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A guideway in a knitting machine.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Sley</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To separate or part the
threads of, and arrange them in a reed; -- a term used by
weavers. See <er>Sleave</er>, and <er>Sleid</er>.</def>
<hw>Slib"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Slippery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Slice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slice</ets>, <ets>sclice</ets>, OF. <ets>esclice</ets>, from
<ets>esclicier</ets>, <ets>esclichier</ets>, to break to pieces,
of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>sl\'c6zan</ets> to split, slit,
tear, G. <ets>schleissen</ets> to slit. See <er>Slit</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thin, broad piece cut
off; <as>as, a <ex>slice</ex> of bacon; a <ex>slice</ex> of
cheese; a <ex>slice</ex> of bread.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is thin and broad, like a
slice.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A broad, thin piece
of plaster.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A salver, platter, or
tray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A knife with a
thin, broad blade for taking up or serving fish; also, a spatula
for spreading anything, as paint or ink.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>
<def>A plate of iron with a handle, forming a kind of chisel, or
a spadelike implement, variously proportioned, and used for
various purposes, as for stripping the planking from a vessel's
side, for cutting blubber from a whale, or for stirring a fire of
coals; a slice bar; a peel; a fire shovel.</def>
<mark>[Cant]</mark> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>
<def>One of the wedges by which the cradle and the ship are
lifted clear of the building blocks to prepare for
launching.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>A
removable sliding bottom to galley.</def>
<cs><col>Slice bar</col>, <cd>a kind of fire iron resembling a
poker, with a broad, flat end, for stirring a fire of coals, and
clearing it and the grate bars from clinkers, ashes, etc.; a
slice.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slice</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sliced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slicing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
cut into thin pieces, or to cut off a thin, broad piece
from.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut into parts; to divide.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To clear by means of a slice bar, as a fire or
the grate bars of a furnace.</def>
<hw>Sli"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, slices; specifically, the circular saw of the
lapidary.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Slich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Slick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Schlich</er>.</def>
<hw>Slick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sleek</er>.]</ety> <def>Sleek; smooth.</def> \'bdBoth
<xex>slick</xex> and dainty.\'b8
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Slick</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make sleek or
smoth.</def> \'bd<xex>Slicked</xex> all with sweet oil.\'b8
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Slick</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Joinery)</fld> <def>A wide
paring chisel.</def>
<hw>Slick"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sleek;
smooth.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Slick"ens</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Slick</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The
pulverized matter from a quartz mill, or the lighter soil of
hydraulic mines.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Slick"en*sides`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The smooth, striated, or partially polished surfaces of a
fissure or seam, supposed to have been produced by the sliding of
one surface on another.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A variety of galena found in Derbyshire,
England.</def>
<hw>Slick"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which
makes smooth or sleek.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
kind of burnisher for leather</def>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A curved tool for smoothing the
surfaces of a mold after the withdrawal of the pattern.</def>
<hw>Slick"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A waterproof coat.</def>
<mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Slick"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
process of smoothing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Narrow veins
of ore.</def>
<hw>Slick"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of
being slick; smoothness; sleekness.</def>
<hw>Slid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Slide</er>.</def>
<hw>Slid"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Slide</er>.</def>
<hw>Slid"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sliderian</ets>. See <er>Slide</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<def>To slide with interruption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Slid"der</hw>, <hw>Slid"der*ly</hw>,
<hw>Slid"der*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>slidor</ets>. See <er>Slide</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<def>Slippery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To a drunk man the way is <qex>slidder</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Slide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Slid</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Slidden</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <er>Slid</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Slidding</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>sliden</ets>, AS. <ets>sl\'c6dan</ets>; akin to
MHG. <ets>sl\'c6ten</ets>, also to AS. <ets>slidor</ets>
slippery, E. <ets>sled</ets>, Lith. <ets>slidus</ets> slippery.
Cf. <er>Sled</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move along the
surface of any body by slipping, or without walking or rolling;
to slip; to glide; <as>as, snow <ex>slides</ex> down the
mountain's side</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, to move over snow or ice with a
smooth, uninterrupted motion, as on a sled moving by the force of
gravity, or on the feet</def>.
<q>They bathe in summer, and in winter <qex>slide</qex>.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass inadvertently.</def>
<q>Beware thou <qex>slide</qex> not by it.</q>
<qau>Ecclus. xxviii. 26.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To pass along smoothly or unobservedly; to move
gently onward without friction or hindrance; <as>as, a ship or
boat <ex>slides</ex> through the water</as>.</def>
<q>Ages shall <qex>slide</qex> away without perceiving.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Parts answering parts shall <qex>slide</qex> into a whole.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To slip when walking or standing; to fall.</def>
<q>Their foot shall <qex>slide</qex> in due time.</q>
<qau>Deut. xxxii. 35.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To pass from one note to
another with no perceptible cassation of sound.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To pass out of one's thought as not being of any
consequence.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>
<q>With good hope let he sorrow <qex>slide</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>With a calm carelessness letting everything
<qex>slide</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<hw>Slide</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
slide; to thrust along; <as>as, to <ex>slide</ex> one piece of
timber along another</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pass or put imperceptibly; to slip; <as>as,
to <ex>slide</ex> in a word to vary the sense of a
question</as>.</def>
<hw>Slide</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sl\'c6de</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of sliding;
<as>as, a <ex>slide</ex> on the ice</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Smooth, even passage or progress.</def>
<q>A better <qex>slide</qex> into their business.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That on which anything moves by sliding.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An inclined plane on which heavy
bodies slide by the force of gravity, esp. one constructed on a
mountain side for conveying logs by sliding them down.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A surface of ice or snow on which children
slide for amusement.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which operates by sliding.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cover which opens or closes an
aperture by sliding over it.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A moving piece which is guided by a part
or parts along which it slides.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A clasp
or brooch for a belt, or the like.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A plate or slip of glass on which is a picture
or delineation to be exhibited by means of a magic lantern,
stereopticon, or the like; a plate on which is an object to be
examined with a microscope.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The descent of a mass of earth, rock, or snow
down a hill or mountain side; <as>as, a land <ex>slide</ex>, or a
snow <ex>slide</ex></as>; also, the track of bare rock left by a
land slide.</def><-- also mudslide -->
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A small dislocation in beds
of rock along a line of fissure.</def>
<au>Dana.</au>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A grace
consisting of two or more small notes moving by conjoint degrees,
and leading to a principal note either above or below.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An apparatus in the trumpet and trombone by
which the sounding tube is lengthened and shortened so as to
produce the tones between the fundamental and its
harmonics.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>A sound which, by a
gradual change in the position of the vocal organs, passes
imperceptibly into another sound.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as
<cref>Guide bar</cref>, under <er>Guide</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A slide valve.</def>
<cs><col>Slide box</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a steam
chest. See under <er>Steam</er>.</cd> -- <col>Slide lathe</col>,
<cd>an engine lathe. See under <er>Lathe</er>.</cd> -- <col>Slide
rail</col>, <cd>a transfer table. See under
<er>Transfer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Slide rest</col> <fld>(Turning
lathes)</fld>, <cd>a contrivance for holding, moving, and
guiding, the cutting tool, made to slide on ways or guides by
screws or otherwise, and having compound motion.</cd> --
<col>Slide rule</col>, <cd>a mathematical instrument consisting
of two parts, one of which slides upon the other, for the
mechanical performance of addition and subtraction, and, by means
of logarithmic scales, of multiplication and division.</cd> --
<col>Slide valve</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any valve which opens
and closes a passageway by sliding over a port</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>A particular kind of sliding valve, often used in steam
engines for admitting steam to the piston and releasing it,
alternately, having a cuplike cavity in its face, through which
the exhaust steam passes. It is situated in the steam chest, and
moved by the valve gear. It is sometimes called a <altname>D
valve</altname>, -- a name which is also applied to a
semicylindrical pipe used as a sliding valve.</cd></cs>
<-- illustration of a slide valve -->
<illust>In the illustration, <xex>a</xex> is the cylinder of a
steam engine, in which plays the piston <xex>p</xex>;
<xex>b</xex> the steam chest, receiving its supply from the pipe
<xex>i</xex>, and containing the slide valve <xex>s</xex>, which
is shown as admitting steam to one end of the cylinder through
the port <xex>e</xex>, and opening communication between the
exhaust passage <xex>f</xex> and the port <xex>c</xex>, for the
release of steam from the opposite end of the cylinder.</illust>
<hw>Slide"groat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The game of
shovelboard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Slid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Slidder</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Slid"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that
which, slides; especially, a sliding part of an instrument or
machine.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red-bellied terrapin
(<spn>Pseudemys rugosa</spn>).</def> <mark>[Local, U. S. ]</mark>
<cs><col>Slider pump</col>, <cd>a form of rotary pump.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slid"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>That slides or slips; gliding; moving smoothly.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Slippery; elusory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>That <qex>sliding</qex> science hath me made so bare.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<cs><col>Sliding friction</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the
resistance one body meets with in sliding along the surface of
another, as distinguished from <xex>rolling friction<xex>.</cd>
-- <col>Sliding gunter</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a topmast
arranged with metallic fittings so as to be hoisted and lowered
by means of halyards.</cd> -- <col>Sliding keel</col>
<fld>(Naut)</fld>, <cd>a movable keel, similar to a
centeboard.</cd> -- <col>Sliding pair</col>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld>
<cd>See the Note under <er>Pair</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 7.</cd> --
<col>Sliding rule</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Slide rule</cref>,
under <er>Slide</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>Sliding
scale</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A scale for raising or lowering
imposts in proportion to the fall or rise of prices</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A variable scale of wages or of prices</cd>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A slide rule.</cd> -- <col>Sliding ways</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the timber guides used in launching a
vessel.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sli*dom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Slide</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An
instrument for indicating and recording shocks to railway cars
occasioned by sudden stopping.</def>
<hw>Slight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sleight.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Slight</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>slechten</ets> to level, to demolish.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To overthrow; to demolish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Clarendon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make even or level.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hexham.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To throw heedlessly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The rogue <qex>slighted</qex> me into the river.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Slight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Slighter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Slightest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sli<?/t</ets>, <ets>sleght</ets>, probably from OD.
<ets>slicht</ets>, <ets>slecht</ets>, simple, plain, D.
<ets>slecht</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>sliucht</ets>, G.
<ets>schlecht</ets>, <ets>schlicht</ets>, OHG. <ets>sleht</ets>
smooth, simple, Icel. <ets>sl<?/ttr</ets> smooth, Sw.
<ets>sl\'84t</ets>, Goth. <ets>sla\'a1hts</ets>; or uncertain
origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not decidedly marked; not
forcible; inconsiderable; unimportant; insignificant; not severe;
weak; gentle; -- applied in a great variety of circumstances;
<as>as, a <ex>slight</ex> (<it>i. e.</it>, feeble) effort; a
<ex>slight</ex> (<it>i. e.</it>, perishable) structure; a
<ex>slight</ex> (<it>i. e.</it>, not deep) impression; a
<ex>slight</ex> (<it>i. e.</it>, not convincing) argument; a
<ex>slight</ex> (<it>i. e.</it>, not thorough) examination;
<ex>slight</ex> (<it>i. e.</it>, not severe) pain, and the
like.</as></def> \'bdAt one <xex>slight</xex> bound.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q><qex>Slight</qex> is the subject, but not so the praise.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>Some firmly embrace doctrines upon <qex>slight</qex>
grounds.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not stout or heavy; slender.</def>
<q>His own figure, which was formerly so <qex>slight</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Foolish; silly; weak in intellect.</def>
<au>Hudibras.</au>
<hw>Slight</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slighted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slighting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To disregard, as of little
value and unworthy of notice; to make light of; <as>as, to
<ex>slight</ex> the divine commands</as>.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>The wretch who <qex>slights</qex> the bounty of the skies.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>To slight off</col>, to treat slightingly; to
drive off; to remove. <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <col>To slight
over</col></mcol>, <cd>to run over in haste; to perform
superficially; to treat carelessly; <as>as, <ex>to slight
over<ex> a theme</as>.</cd> \'bdThey will but <xex>slight<xex>
it over.\'b8</cs>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- To neglect; disregard; disdain; scorn.</syn> <usage>
-- <er>Slight</er>, <er>Neglect</er>. To <xex>slight</xex> is
stronger than to <xex>neglect</xex>. We may neglect a duty or
person from inconsiderateness, or from being over-occupied in
other concerns. To <xex>slight</xex> is always a positive and
intentional act, resulting from feelings of dislike or contempt.
We ought to put a kind construction on what appears
<xex>neglect</xex> on the part of a friend; but when he
<xex>slights</xex> us, it is obvious that he is our friend no
longer.</usage>
<q>Beware . . . lest the like befall . . .
If they transgress and <qex>slight</qex> that sole command.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>This my long-sufferance, and my day of grace,
Those who <qex>neglect</qex> and scorn shall never taste.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Slight</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of slighting; the
manifestation of a moderate degree of contempt, as by neglect or
oversight; neglect; indignity.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Neglect; disregard; inattention; contempt; disdain;
scorn; disgrace; indignity; disparagement.</syn>
<hw>Slight</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Slightly.</def> <mark>[Obs.
or Poetic]</mark>
<q>Think not so <qex>slight</qex> of glory.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Slight"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
slight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Slight"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
slights.</def>
<hw>Slight"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sleightful</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Slight"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characterized by neglect
or disregard.</def>
<hw>Slight"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a slighting
manner.</def>
<hw>Slight"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a slight
manner.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Slightingly; negligently.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Slight"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being slight; slenderness; feebleness; superficiality; also,
formerly, negligence; indifference; disregard.</def>
<hw>Slight"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slight.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Echard.</au>
<hw>Slik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Such</er>.]</ety> <def>Such.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Scot.]</mark>
<note><hand/ Used by Chaucer as of the Northern dialect.</note>
<hw>Silk"en*sides`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Slickensides</er>.</def>
<hw>Sli"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>See
<er>Slyly</er>.</def>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Slim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Slimmer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Slimmest</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Formerly, bad, worthless, weak, slight, awry, fr. D.
<ets>slim</ets>; akin to G. <ets>schlimm</ets>, MHG.
<ets>slimp</ets> oblique, awry; of uncertain origin. The meaning
of the English word seems to have been influenced by
<ets>slender</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Worthless; bad.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Weak; slight; unsubstantial; poor; <as>as, a
<ex>slim</ex> argument</as>.</def> \'bdThat was a <xex>slim</xex>
excuse.\'b8
<au>Barrow.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of small diameter or thickness in proportion to
the height or length; slender; <as>as, a <ex>slim</ex> person; a
<ex>slim</ex> tree.</as></def>
<au>Grose.</au>
<hw>Slime</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slim</ets>, AS. <ets>sl\'c6m</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>slijm</ets>, G. <ets>schleim</ets>, MHG.
<ets>sl\'c6men</ets> to make smooth, Icel. <ets>sl\'c6m</ets>
slime, Dan. <ets>sliim</ets>; cf. L. <ets>limare</ets> to file,
polish, <ets>levis</ets> smooth, Gr. <?/<?/<?/; or cf. L.
<ets>limus</ets> mud.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Soft, moist earth
or clay, having an adhesive quality; viscous mud.</def>
<q>As it [Nilus] ebbs, the seedsman
Upon the <qex>slime</qex> and ooze scatters his grain.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any mucilaginous substance; any substance of a
dirty nature, that is moist, soft, and adhesive.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>Bitumen.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<q><qex>Slime</qex> had they for mortar.</q>
<qau>Gen. xi. 3.</qau>
<-- p. 1355 -->
<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Mud
containing metallic ore, obtained in the preparatory
dressing.</def>
<au>Pryce.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A mucuslike substance
which exudes from the bodies of certain animals.</def>
<au>Goldsmith.</au>
<cs><col>Slime eel</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See 1st
<er>Hag</er>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Slime pit</col>, <cd>a pit for the
collection of slime or bitumen.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slime</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slimed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sliming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To
smear with slime.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Slim"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a slimy
manner.</def>
<hw>Slim"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being slimy.</def>
<hw>Slim"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a state of
slimness; in a slim manner; slenderly.</def>
<hw>Slim"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being slim.</def>
<hw>Slim"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Flimsy;
frail.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Slim"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Slimier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Slimiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Of or
pertaining to slime; resembling slime; of the nature of slime;
viscous; glutinous; also, covered or daubed with slime; yielding,
or abounding in, slime.</def>
<q><qex>Slimy</qex> things did crawl with legs
Upon the <qex>slimy</qex> sea.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Sli"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Slyness</er>.</def>
<hw>Sling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slinge</ets>; akin to OD. <ets>slinge</ets>, D.
<ets>slinger</ets>, OHG. <ets>slinga</ets>; cf. OF.
<ets>eslingue</ets>, of German origin. See <er>Sling</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument for
throwing stones or other missiles, consisting of a short strap
with two strings fastened to its ends, or with a string fastened
to one end and a light stick to the other. The missile being
lodged in a hole in the strap, the ends of the string are taken
in the hand, and the whole whirled rapidly round until, by
loosing one end, the missile is let fly with centrifugal
force.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or motion of hurling as with a sling; a
throw; figuratively, a stroke.</def>
<q>The <qex>slings</qex> and arrows of outrageous fortune.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>At one <qex>sling</qex>
Of thy victorius arm, well-pleasing Son.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A contrivance for sustaining anything by
suspension</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of hanging bandage
put around the neck, in which a wounded arm or hand is
supported.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A loop of rope, or a rope or
chain with hooks, for suspending a barrel, bale, or other heavy
object, in hoisting or lowering.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A strap
attached to a firearm, for suspending it from the shoulder.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A band of rope or iron for
securing a yard to a mast; -- chiefly in the plural.</def>
<cs><col>Sling cart</col>, <cd>a kind of cart used to transport
cannon and their carriages, large stones, machines, etc., the
objects transported being slung, or suspended by a chain attached
to the axletree.</cd> -- <col>Sling dog</col>, <cd>one of a pair
of iron hooks used as part of a sling. See def. 3 <sd>(b)</sd>
above.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sling</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos>
<er>Slung</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>Archaic</mark> <er>Slang</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Slung</er>; <pos>p. pr. &
vb. n.</pos> <er>Slinging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>slingan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>slingeren</ets>, G.
<ets>schlingen</ets>, to wind, to twist, to creep, OHG.
<ets>slingan</ets> to wind, to twist, to move to and fro, Icel.
<ets>slyngva</ets>, <ets>sl\'94ngva</ets>, to sling, Sw.
<ets>slunga</ets>, Dan. <ets>slynge</ets>, Lith.
<ets>slinkti</ets> to creep.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To throw
with a sling.</def> \'bdEvery one could <xex>sling</xex> stones
at an hairbreadth, and not miss.\'b8
<au>Judg. xx. 16.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To throw; to hurl; to cast.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hang so as to swing; <as>as, to
<ex>sling</ex> a pack</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut)</fld> <def>To pass a rope round, as a
cask, gun, etc., preparatory to attaching a hoisting or lowering
tackle.</def>
<hw>Sling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>schlingen</ets>
to swallow.]</ety> <def>A drink composed of spirit (usually gin)
and water sweetened.</def>
<-- as, a Singapore <ex>sling.</ex> -->
<hw>Sling"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
slings, or uses a sling.</def>
<hw>Slink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Slunk</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<mark>Archaic</mark> <er>Slank</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Slunk</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>slincan</ets>;
probably akin to G. <ets>schleichen</ets>, E. <ets>sleek</ets>.
See <er>Sleek</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
creep away meanly; to steal away; to sneak.</def> \'bdTo
<xex>slink</xex> away and hide.\'b8
<au>Tale of Beryn.</au>
<q>Back to the thicket <qex>slunk</qex>
The guilty serpent.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>There were some few who <qex>slank</qex> obliquely from them
as they passed.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To miscarry; -- said of female beasts.</def>
<hw>Slink</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cast prematurely; --
said of female beasts; <as>as, a cow that <ex>slinks</ex> her
calf</as>.</def>
<hw>Slink</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Produced
prematurely; <as>as, a <ex>slink</ex> calf</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Thin; lean.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Slink</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The young of a
beast brought forth prematurely, esp. a calf brought forth before
its time.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thievish fellow; a sneak.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Slink"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Thin;
lank.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Slip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slipped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slipping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>slippen</ets>;
akin to LG. & D. <ets>slippen</ets>, MHG. <ets>slipfen</ets> (cf.
Dan. <ets>slippe</ets>, Sw. <ets>slippa</ets>, Icel.
<ets>sleppa</ets>), and fr. OE. <ets>slipen</ets>, AS.
<ets>sl\'c6pan</ets> (in comp.), akin to G. <ets>schleifen</ets>
to slide, glide, drag, whet, OHG. <ets>sl\'c6fan</ets> to slide,
glide, make smooth, Icel. <ets>sl\'c6pa</ets> to whet; cf. also
AS. <ets>sl<?/pan</ets>, Goth. <ets>sliupan</ets>, OS.
<ets>slopian</ets>, OHG. <ets>sliofan</ets>, G.
<ets>schliefen</ets>, <ets>schl<?/pfen</ets>, which seem to come
from a somewhat different root form. Cf. <er>Slope</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move along the surface
of a thing without bounding, rolling, or stepping; to slide; to
glide.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To slide; to lose one's footing or one's hold;
not to tread firmly; <as>as, it is necessary to walk carefully
lest the foot should <ex>slip</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To move or fly (out of place); to shoot; --
often with <xex>out</xex>, <xex>off</xex>, etc.; <as>as, a bone
may <ex>slip</ex> out of its place</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To depart, withdraw, enter, appear, intrude, or
escape as if by sliding; to go or come in a quiet, furtive
manner; <as>as, some errors <ex>slipped</ex> into the
work</as>.</def>
<q>Thus one tradesman <qex>slips</qex> away,
To give his partner fairer play.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<q>Thrice the flitting shadow <qex>slipped</qex> away.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To err; to fall into error or fault.</def>
<q>There is one that <qex>slippeth</qex> in his speech, but not
from his heart.</q>
<qau>Ecclus. xix. 16.</qau>
<cs><col>To let slip</col>, <cd>to loose from the slip or noose,
as a hound; to allow to escape.</cd></cs>
<q>Cry, \'bdHavoc,\'b8 and <qex>let slip</qex> the dogs of
war.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Slip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
cause to move smoothly and quickly; to slide; to convey gently or
secretly.</def>
<q>He tried to <qex>slip</qex> a powder into her drink.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To omit; to loose by negligence.</def>
<q>And <qex>slip</qex> no advantage
That my secure you.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cut slips from; to cut; to take off; to make
a slip or slips of; <as>as, to <ex>slip</ex> a piece of cloth or
paper</as>.</def>
<q>The branches also may be <qex>slipped</qex> and planted.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To let loose in pursuit of game, as a
greyhound.</def>
<q>Lucento <qex>slipped</qex> me like his greyhound.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cause to slip or slide off, or out of place;
<as>as, a horse <ex>slips</ex> his bridle; a dog <ex>slips</ex>
his collar</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To bring forth (young) prematurely; to
slink.</def>
<cs><col>To slip a cable</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Cable</er>.</cd> -- <col>To slip off</col>, <cd>to take off
quickly; <as>as, <ex>to slip off<ex> a coat</as>.</cd> -- <col>To
slip on</col>, <cd>to put on in haste or loosely; <as>as, <ex>to
slip on<ex> a gown or coat</as>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slip</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>slipe</ets>,
<ets>slip</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of slipping;
<as>as, a <ex>slip</ex> on the ice</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An unintentional error or fault; a false
step.</def>
<q>This good man's <qex>slip</qex> mended his pace to
martyrdom.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A twig separated from the main stock; a cutting;
a scion; hence, a descendant; <as>as, a <ex>slip</ex> from a
vine</as>.</def>
<q>A native <qex>slip</qex> to us from foreign seeds.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The girlish <qex>slip</qex> of a Sicilian bride.</q>
<qau>R. Browning.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A slender piece; a strip; <as>as, a
<ex>slip</ex> of paper</as>.</def>
<q>Moonlit <qex>slips</qex> of silver cloud.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<q>A thin <qex>slip</qex> of a girl, like a new moon
Sure to be rounded into beauty soon.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A leash or string by which a dog is held; -- so
called from its being made in such a manner as to slip, or become
loose, by relaxation of the hand.</def>
<q>We stalked over the extensive plains with Killbuck and Lena in
the <qex>slips</qex>, in search of deer.</q>
<qau>Sir S. Baker.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>An escape; a secret or unexpected desertion;
<as>as, to give one the <ex>slip</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A portion of the columns of
a newspaper or other work struck off by itself; a proof from a
column of type when set up and in the galley.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Any covering easily slipped on.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A loose garment worn by a
woman.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A child's pinafore.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>An outside covering or case; <as>as, a pillow
<ex>slip</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The <ex>slip</ex> or
sheath of a sword, and the like.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>A counterfeit piece of money, being brass
covered with silver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak</au>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>Matter found in troughs of grindstones after
the grinding of edge tools.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Petty.</au>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>Potter's clay in a very liquid state, used for
the decoration of ceramic ware, and also as a cement for handless
and other applied parts.</def>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>A particular quantity of yarn.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>13.</sn> <def>An inclined plane on which a vessel is built,
or upon which it is hauled for repair.</def>
<sn>14.</sn> <def>An opening or space for vessels to lie in,
between wharves or in a dock; <as>as, Peck
<ex>slip</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<sn>15.</sn> <def>A narrow passage between buildings.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<sn>16.</sn> <def>A long seat or narrow pew in churches, often
without a door.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<sn>17.</sn> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>A dislocation of a lead,
destroying continuity.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<sn>18.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>The motion of the center of
resistance of the float of a paddle wheel, or the blade of an
oar, through the water horozontally, or the difference between a
vessel's actual speed and the speed which she would have if the
propelling instrument acted upon a solid; also, the velocity,
relatively to still water, of the backward current of water
produced by the propeller.</def>
<sn>19.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish, the sole.</def>
<sn>20.</sn> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>A fielder stationed on the
off side and to the rear of the batsman. There are usually two of
them, called respectively <stype>short slip</stype>, and
<stype>long slip</stype>.</def>
<-- 21. A slip dock (see below) -->
<cs><col>To give one the slip</col>, <cd>to slip away from one;
to elude one.</cd> -- <col>Slip dock</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Dock</er>.</cd> -- <col>Slip link</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>,
<cd>a connecting link so arranged as to allow some play of the
parts, to avoid concussion.</cd> -- <col>Slip rope</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a rope by which a cable is secured
preparatory to slipping. <au>Totten</au>.</cd> -- <col>Slip
stopper</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an arrangement for letting
go the anchor suddenly.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slip"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A board
sliding in grooves.</def>
<hw>Slip"coat` cheese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A rich variety of
new cheese, resembling butter, but white.</def>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Slipes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Slip</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>Sledge runners on which
a skip is dragged in a mine.</def>
<hw>Slip"knot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>knot which
slips along the rope or line around which it is made.</def>
<hw>Slip"-on`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
overcoat worn upon the shoulders in the manner of a cloak.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Slip"page</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
slipping; also, the amount of slipping.</def>
<hw>Slip"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, slips.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of light shoe, which may be slipped on
with ease, and worn in undress; a slipshoe.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of apron or pinafore for children.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A kind of brake or shoe for a wagon wheel.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A piece, usually a plate,
applied to a sliding piece, to receive wear and afford a means of
adjustment; -- also called <altname>shoe</altname>, and
<altname>gib</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>Slipper animalcule</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
ciliated infusorian of the genus <spn>Paramecium</spn>.</cd> --
<col>Slipper flower</col>.<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Slipperwort.</cd>
-- <mcol><col>Slipper limpet</col>, <or/ <col>Slipper
shell</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a boat
shell.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slip"per</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>slipur</ets>.]</ety> <def>Slippery.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>O! trustless state of earthly things, and <qex>slipper</qex>
hope
Of mortal men.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Slip"pered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing
slippers.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Slip"per*i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
slippery manner.</def>
<hw>Slip"per*i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
slippery.</def>
<hw>Slip"per*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Slipperiness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Slip"per*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Calceolaria</er>.</def>
<hw>Slip"per*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Slipper</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having
the quality opposite to adhesiveness; allowing or causing
anything to slip or move smoothly, rapidly, and easily upon the
surface; smooth; glib; <as>as, oily substances render things
<ex>slippery</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not affording firm ground for confidence;
<as>as, a <ex>slippery</ex> promise</as>.</def>
<q>The <qex>slippery</qex> tops of human state.</q>
<qau>Cowley.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not easily held; liable or apt to slip
away.</def>
<q>The <qex>slippery</qex> god will try to loose his hold.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Liable to slip; not standing firm.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Unstable; changeable; mutable; uncertain;
inconstant; fickle.</def> \'bdThe <xex>slippery</xex> state of
kings.\'b8
<au>Denham.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Uncertain in effect.</def>
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Wanton; unchaste; loose in morals.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Slippery elm</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>An American tree (<spn>Ulmus fulva</spn>) with a mucilagenous
and slightly aromatic inner bark which is sometimes used
medicinally; also, the inner bark itself</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A
malvaceous shrub (<spn>Fremontia Californica</spn>); -- so called
on the Pacific coast.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slip"pi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Slipperiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe
<xex>slippiness</xex> of the way.\'b8
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Slip"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>slipeg</ets>.]</ety> <def>Slippery.</def>
<hw>Slip"shod`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Wearing shoes or slippers down at the heel.</def>
<q>The shivering urchin bending as he goes,
With <qex>slipshod</qex> heels.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively: Careless in dress, manners, style,
etc.; slovenly; shuffling; <as>as, <ex>slipshod</ex> manners; a
<ex>slipshod</ex> or loose style of writing</as>.</def>
<q>Thy wit shall ne'er go <qex>slipshod</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Slip"shoe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
slipper.</def>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Slip"skin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Evasive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Slip"slop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A
reduplication of <ets>slop</ets>.]</ety> <def>Weak, poor, or flat
liquor; weak, profitless discourse or writing.</def>
<hw>Slip"string`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
has shaken off restraint; a prodigal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cotgrave.</au>
<hw>Slip"thrift`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
spendthrift.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Slish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A corruption of
<ets>slash</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cut; <as>as, <ex>slish</ex> and
slash</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Slit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>3d. pers.
sing. pres.</pos> of <er>Slide</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Slit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slit</er> or
<er>Slitted</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>slitten</ets>, fr.
<ets>sliten</ets>, AS. <ets>st\'c6tan</ets> to tear; akin to D.
<ets>slijten</ets> to wear out, G. <ets>schleissen</ets> to slit,
split, OHG. <ets>sl\'c6zan</ets> to split, tear, wear out, Icel.
<ets>st\'c6ta</ets> to break, tear, wear out, Sw.
<ets>slita</ets>, Dan. <ets>slide</ets>. Cf. <er>Eclat</er>,
<er>Slate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Slice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To cut lengthwise; to cut into long pieces or strips;
<as>as, to <ex>slit</ex> iron bars into nail rods; to
<ex>slit</ex> leather into straps.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cut or make a long fissure in or upon;
<as>as, to <ex>slit</ex> the ear or the nose</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cut; to sever; to divide.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>And <qex>slits</qex> the thin-spun life.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Slit</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>slite</ets>.]</ety>
<def>A long cut; a narrow opening; <as>as, a <ex>slit</ex> in the
ear</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Gill slit</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Gill
opening</cref>, under <er>Gill</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slith"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>schlittern</ets>, LG. <ets>schliddern</ets>. See
<er>Slide</er>.]</ety> <def>To slide; to glide.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Slit"-shell"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of
<spn>Pleurotomaria</spn>, a genus of beautiful, pearly, spiral
gastropod shells having a deep slit in the outer lip. Many fossil
species are known, and a few living ones are found in deep water
in tropical seas.</def>
<hw>Slit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, slits.</def>
<hw>Slit"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Slit</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Slitting file</col>. <cd>See <xex>Illust<xex>.
<sd>(i)</sd> of <er>File</er>.</cd> -- <col>Slitting mill</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A mill where iron bars or plates are slit into
narrow strips, as nail rods, and the like</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>A machine used by lapidaries for slicing stones, usually by
means of a revolving disk, called a <xex>slicer<xex>, supplied
with diamond powder.</cd> -- <col>Slitting roller</col>, <cd>one
of a pair of rollers furnished with ribs entering between similar
ribs in the other roller, and cutting like shears, -- used in
slitting metals.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Slip</er>.]</ety> <def>To sneak.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Slive</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sliven</ets> to
split, cleave, AS. <ets>sl\'c6fan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cut; to
split; to separate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Sliv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slivered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slivering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Slive</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To cut or divide into long, thin
pieces, or into very small pieces; to cut or rend lengthwise; to
slit; <as>as, to <ex>sliver</ex> wood</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>They 'll <qex>sliver</qex> thee like a turnip.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Sliv"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long piece cut
ot rent off; a sharp, slender fragment; a splinter.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A strand, or slender roll, of cotton or other
fiber in a loose, untwisted state, produced by a carding machine
and ready for the roving or slubbing which preceeds
spinning.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Bait made of pieces of small
fish. Cf. <er>Kibblings</er>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Sloak"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A species of seaweed. <altsp>[Spelled also
<asp>slowcawn</asp>.]</altsp> See 3d <er>Laver</er>.</def>
<hw>Sloam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>
<def>A layer of earth between coal seams.</def>
<hw>Sloat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Slot</er> a bar.]</ety> <def>A narrow piece of timber which
holds together large pieces; a slat; <as>as, the <ex>sloats</ex>
of a cart</as>.</def>
<hw>Slob"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Slabber</er>.</def>
<hw>Slob"ber</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>See
<er>Slabber</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A jellyfish.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Vet.)</fld>
<def>Salivation.</def>
<hw>Slob"ber*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who slobbers.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A slovenly farmer; a jobbing tailor.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Slob"ber*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wet; sloppy,
as land.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Slock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Slock"en</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To quench; to allay;
to slake. See <er>Slake</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Slock"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Slock</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Slocking stone</col>, <cd>a rich piece of ore displayed
in order to tempt persons to embark in a mining
enterprise.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sloe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slo</ets>, AS. <ets>sl\'be</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>slee</ets>, G. <ets>schlehe</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sl</ets>$<ets>ha</ets>, Dan. <ets>slaaen</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sl<?/n</ets>, perhaps originally, that which blunts the
teeth, or sets them on edge (cf. <er>Slow</er>); cf. Lith.
<ets>sliwa</ets> a plum, Russ. <ets>sliva</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small, bitter, wild European plum, the
fruit of the blackthorn (<spn>Prunus spinosa</spn>); also, the
tree itself.</def>
<hw>Slo"gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.
<ets>sluagh-ghairm</ets>, i.e., an army cry; <ets>sluagh</ets>
army + <ets>gairm</ets> a call, calling.]</ety> <def>The war cry,
or gathering word, of a Highland clan in Scotland; hence, any
rallying cry.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<-- p. 1356 -->
<hw>Slog"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sluggish.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Somnolence that is <qex>sloggy</qex> slumbering</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sloke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Sloakan</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sloo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Slue</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A slough; a run or wet
place. See 2d <er>Slough</er>, 2.</def>
<hw>Sloom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Slumber.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sloom"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sluggish;
slow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sloop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[D.
<ets>sloep</ets>, of uncertain origin. Cf.
<er>Shallop</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel having
one mast and fore-and-aft rig, consisting of a boom-and-gaff
mainsail, jibs, staysail, and gaff topsail. The typical sloop has
a fixed bowsprit, topmast, and standing rigging, while those of a
cutter are capable of being readily shifted. The sloop usually
carries a centerboard, and depends for stability upon breadth of
beam rather than depth of keel. The two types have rapidly
approximated since 1880. One radical distinction is that a slop
may carry a centerboard. See <er>Cutter</er>, and
<xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>
<cs><col>Sloop of war</col>, <cd>formerly, a vessel of war rigged
either as a ship, brig, or schooner, and mounting from ten to
thirty-two guns; now, any war vessel larger than a gunboat, and
carrying guns on one deck only.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sloppe</ets> a pool; akin to As. <ets>sloppe</ets>,
<ets>slyppe</ets>, the sloppy droppings of a cow; cf. AS.
<ets>sl<?/pan</ets> to slip, and E. <ets>slip</ets>, v.i. Cf.
<er>Cowslip</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Water or other liquid
carelessly spilled or thrown aboyt, as upon a table or a floor; a
puddle; a soiled spot.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Mean and weak drink or liquid food; -- usually
in the plural.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Dirty water; water in which
anything has been washed or rinsed; water from wash-bowls,
etc.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Slop basin</col>, <or/ <col>Slop
bowl</col></mcol>, <cd>a basin or bowl for holding slops,
especially for receiving the rinsings of tea or coffee cups at
the table.</cd> -- <col>Slop molding</col>
<fld>(Brickmaking)</fld>, <cd>a process of manufacture in which
the brick is carried to the drying ground in a wet mold instead
of on a pallet.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slop</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slopped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Slopping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
cause to overflow, as a liquid, by the motion of the vessel
containing it; to spill.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To spill liquid upon; to soil with a liquid
spilled.</def>
<hw>Slop</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To overflow or be spilled as
a liquid, by the motion of the vessel containing it; -- often
with <xex>over</xex>.</def>
<hw>Slop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>slop</ets> a frock or
over-garment, fr. <ets>sl<?/pan</ets> to slip, to slide; akin to
Icel <ets>sloppr</ets> a thin garment; cf. OHG. <ets>slouf</ets>
a garment. Cf. <er>Slip</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Any kind of outer garment made of linen or cotton, as a
night dress, or a smock frock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A loose lower garment; loose breeches; chiefly
used in the plural.</def> \'bdA pair of <xex>slops</xex>.\'b8
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<q>There's a French salutation to your French
<qex>slop</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Ready-made clothes; also, among
seamen, clothing, bedding, and other furnishings.</def>
<hw>Slope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formed (like
<ets>abode</ets> fr. <ets>abide</ets>) from OE.
<ets>slipen</ets>. See <er>Slip</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An oblique direction; a line or direction
including from a horizontal line or direction; also, sometimes,
an inclination, as of one line or surface to another.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any ground whose surface forms an angle with the
plane of the horizon.</def>
<q> buildings the summit and <qex>slope</qex> of a hill.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<q>Under the <qex>slopes</qex> of Pisgah.</q>
<qau>Deut. iv. 49. (Rev. Ver.).</qau>
<note><hand/ A <xex>slope</xex>, considered as
<xex>descending</xex>, is a <xex>declivity</xex>; considered as
<xex>ascending</xex>, an <xex>acclivity</xex>.</note>
<cs><col>Slope of a plane</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the
direction of the plane; <as>as, parallel planes have the same
<ex>slope<ex></as>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slope</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sloping.</def> \'bdDown the
<xex>slope</xex> hills.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>A bank not steep, but gently <qex>slope</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<hw>Slope</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sloping manner.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Slope</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sloped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sloping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form with a slope; to give
an oblique or slanting direction to; to direct obliquely; to
incline; to slant; <as>as, to <ex>slope</ex> the ground in a
garden; to <ex>slope</ex> a piece of cloth in cutting a
garment.</as></def>
<hw>Slope</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take an
oblique direction; to be at an angle with the plane of the
horizon; to incline; <as>as, the ground
<ex>slopes</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To depart; to disappear suddenly.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<hw>Slope"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being
slope.</def>
<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<hw>Slope"wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Obliquely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Carew.</au>
<hw>Slop"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclining or inclined from
the plane of the horizon, or from a horizontal or other right
line; oblique; declivous; slanting.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Slop"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<q>The <qex>sloping</qex> land recedes into the clouds.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<hw>Slop"pi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being sloppy; muddiness.</def>
<hw>Slop"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sloppier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sloppiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Slop</er>.]</ety> <def>Wet, so as to spatter easily; wet, as
with something slopped over; muddy; plashy; <as>as, a
<ex>sloppy</ex> place, walk, road</as>.</def>
<hw>Slop"sell`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sells slops, or ready-made clothes. See 4th <er>Slop</er>,
3.</def>
<hw>Slop"shop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shop where
slops. or ready-made clothes, are sold.</def>
<hw>Slop"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
manufacture of slops, or cheap ready-made clothing; also, such
clothing; hence, hasty, slovenly work of any kind.</def>
<q>No <qex>slopwork</qex> ever dropped from his [Carlyle's]
pen.</q>
<qau>Froude.</qau>
<hw>Slop"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sloping;
inclined.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Slosh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Slosh"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>. <def>See <er>Slush</er>, <er>Slushy</er>.</def>
<hw>Slot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LG. & D.
<ets>slot</ets> a lock, from a verb meaning to close., to shut,
D. <ets>sluiten</ets>; akin to G. <ets>schliessen</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sliozan</ets>, OFries. <ets>sl<?/ta</ets>, and probably to
L. <ets>claudere</ets>. Cf. <er>Close</er>,
<er>Sluice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A broad, flat, wooden
bar; a slat or sloat.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bolt or bar for fastening a door.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A narrow depression, perforation, or aperture;
esp., one for the reception of a piece fitting or sliding in
it.</def>
<hw>Slot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Slot</er> a bar.]</ety> <def>To shut with violence; to slam;
<as>as, to <ex>slot</ex> a door</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Slot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>sl<?/<?/</ets>,
and E. <ets>sleuth</ets>.]</ety> <def>The track of a deer; hence,
a track of any kind.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>As a bloodhound follows the <qex>slot</qex> of a hurt
deer.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Sloth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slouthe</ets>, <ets>sleuthe</ets>, AS. <ets>sl<?/w<?/</ets>,
fr. <ets>sl\'bew</ets> slow. See <er>Slow</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Slowness; tardiness.</def>
<q>These cardinals trifle with me; I abhor
This dilatory <qex>sloth</qex> and tricks of Rome.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disinclination to action or labor; sluggishness;
laziness; idleness.</def>
<q>[They] change their course to pleasure, ease, and
<qex>sloth</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q><qex>Sloth</qex>, like rust, consumes faster than labor
wears.</q>
<qau>Franklin.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species
of arboreal edentates constituting the family
<spn>Bradypodid\'91</spn>, and the suborder Tardigrada. They have
long exserted limbs and long prehensile claws. Both jaws are
furnished with teeth (see <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Edentata</er>), and the ears and tail are rudimentary. They
inhabit South and Central America and Mexico.</def>
<note><hand/ The three-toed sloths belong to the genera
<spn>Bradypus</spn> and <spn>Arctopithecus</spn>, of which
several species have been described. They have three toes on each
foot. The best-known species are collared sloth (<spn>Bradypus
tridactylus</spn>), and the ai (<spn>Arctopitheus ai</spn>). The
two-toed sloths, consisting the genus <spn>Cholopus</spn>, have
two toes on each fore foot and three on each hind foot. The
best-known is the unau (<spn>Cholopus didactylus</spn>) of South
America. See <er>Unau</er>. Another species (<spn>C.
Hoffmanni</spn>) inhabits Central America.
Various large extinct terrestrial edentates, such as
Megatherium and Mylodon, are often called
<xex>sloths</xex>.</note>
<cs><mcol><col>Australian</col>, <or/ <col>Native
sloth</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the koala.</cd> --
<col>Sloth animalcule</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
tardigrade.</cd> -- <col>Sloth bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>a black or brown long-haired bear (<spn>Melursus ursinus,
<or/ labiatus</spn>), native of India and Ceylon; -- called also
<altname>aswail</altname>, <altname>labiated bear</altname>, and
<altname>jungle bear</altname>. It is easily tamed and can be
taught many tricks.</cd> -- <col>Sloth monkey</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a loris.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sloth</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be idle.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Gower.</au>
<hw>Sloth"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Addicted to
sloth; inactive; sluggish; lazy; indolent; idle.</def>
<q>He also that is <qex>slothful</qex> in his work is brother to
him that is a great waster.</q>
<qau>Prov. xviii. 9.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sloth"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sloth"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sloth"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Slot</er> a track, and cf. <er>Sleuthhound</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sleuthhound</er>.</def>
<hw>Slot"ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
slot.</def>
<hw>Slot"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or
process of making slots, or mortises.</def>
<hw>Slouch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>sl<?/kr</ets>a slouching felloew, and E. <ets>slack</ets>,
<ets>slug</ets>, a lazy fellow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hanging
down of the head; a drooping attitude; a limp appearance; an
ungainly, clownish gait; a sidewise depression or hanging down,
as of a hat brim.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An awkward, heavy, clownish fellow.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<cs><col>Slouth hat</col>, <cd>a soft, limp hat of unstiffened
cloth or felt.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slouch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slouched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Slouching</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
droop, as the head.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To walk in a clumsy, lazy manner.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Slouch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to hang down; to
depress at the side; <as>as, to <ex>slouth</ex> the
hat</as>.</def>
<hw>Slouch"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hanging down at the side;
limp; drooping; without firmness or shapeliness; moving in an
ungainly manner.</def>
<hw>Slouch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Slouching.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Slough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slow.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Slough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slogh</ets>, <ets>slough</ets>, AS. <ets>sl<omac/h</ets> a
hollow place; cf. MHG. <ets>sl<umac/ch</ets> an abyss, gullet, G.
<ets>schlucken</ets> to swallow; also Gael. & Ir. <ets>sloc</ets>
a pit, pool. ditch, Ir. <ets>slug</ets> to swallow. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to hiccough, to sob.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
place of deep mud or mire; a hole full of mire.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>He's here stuck in a <qex>slough</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <pr>[<it>Pronounced</it> sl<oomac/.]</pr> <def>A wet
place; a swale; a side channel or inlet from a river.</def>
<note>[In this sense local or provincial; also spelt
<asp>sloo</asp>, and <asp>slue</xex>.]</asp>
<cs><col>Slough grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name in the
Mississippi valley for grasses of the genus
<spn>Muhlenbergia</spn>; -- called also <altname>drop
seed</altname>, and <altname>nimble Will</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slough</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Slee</er>, to slay. Slew.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Slough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slugh</ets>, <ets>slouh</ets>; cf. MHG. <ets>sl<?/ch</ets>
the skin of a serpent, G. <ets>schlauch</ets> a skin, a leather
bag or bottle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The skin, commonly the
cast-off skin, of a serpent or of some similar animal.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The dead mass separating from
a foul sore; the dead part which separates from the living tissue
in mortification.</def>
<hw>Slough</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sloughed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sloughing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>To form a slough; to separate in the form of dead matter
from the living tissues; -- often used with <xex>off</xex>, or
<xex>away</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>sloughing</ex> ulcer; the dead
tissues <ex>slough</ex> off slowly.</as></def>
<hw>Slough</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cast off; to discard as
refuse.</def>
<q>New tint the plumage of the birds,
And <qex>slough</qex> decay from grazing herds.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Slough"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The act of casting off the skin or
shell, as do insects and crustaceans; ecdysis.</def>
<hw>Slough"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of
sloughs, miry.</def>
<hw>Slough"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling, or
of the nature of, a slough, or the dead matter which separates
from living flesh.</def>
<hw>Slov"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>slaf</ets> careless, negligent, a sloven; akin to LG.
<ets>sluf</ets> slovenly.]</ety> <def>A man or boy habitually
negligent of neathess and order; -- the correlative term to
<xex>slattern</xex>, or <xex>slut</xex>.</def>
<au>Pope.</au>
<q>He became a confirmed <qex>sloven</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Slov"en*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being slovenly.</def>
<hw>Slow"en*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the
habits of a sloven; negligent of neatness and order, especially
in dress.</def>
<q>A <qex>slovenly</qex>, lazy fellow, bolling at his ease.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characteristic of a solven; lacking neatness and
order; evincing negligence; <as>as, <ex>slovenly</ex>
dress</as>.</def>
<hw>Slov"en*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>a slovenly
manner.</def>
<hw>Slov"en*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Slovenliness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Slov"en*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Slovenliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Slow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Slee</er>, to slay. Slew.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Slow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Slower</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Slowest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slow</ets>, <ets>slaw</ets>, AS. <ets>sl\'bew</ets>; akin to
OS. <ets>sl<?/u</ets> blunt, dull, D. <ets>sleeuw</ets>,
<ets>slee</ets>, sour, OHG. <ets>sl<?/o</ets> blunt, dull, Icel.
<ets>sl<?/r</ets>, <ets>sl<?/r</ets>, Dan. <ets>sl\'94v</ets>,
Sw. <ets>sl\'94</ets>. Cf. <er>Sloe</er>, and
<er>Sloth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moving a short space in a
relatively long time; not swift; not quick in motion; not rapid;
moderate; deliberate; <as>as, a <ex>slow</ex> stream; a
<ex>slow</ex> motion</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not happening in a short time; gradual;
late.</def>
<q>These changes in the heavens, though <qex>slow</qex>, produced
Like change on sea and land, sidereal blast.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not ready; not prompt or quick; dilatory;
sluggish; <as>as, <ex>slow</ex> of speech, and <ex>slow</ex> of
tongue</as>.</def>
<q>Fixed on defense, the Trojans are not <qex>slow</qex>
To guard their shore from an expected foe.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not hasty; not precipitate; acting with
deliberation; tardy; inactive.</def>
<q>He that is <qex>slow</qex> to wrath is of great
understanding.</q>
<qau>Prov. xiv. 29.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Behind in time; indicating a time earlier than
the true time; <as>as, the clock or watch is
<ex>slow</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Not advancing or improving rapidly; <as>as, the
<ex>slow</ex> growth of arts and sciences</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Heavy in wit; not alert, prompt, or spirited;
wearisome; dull.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Dickens. Thackeray.</au>
<note><hand/ <xex>Slow</xex> is often used in the formation of
compounds for the most part self-explaining; as,
<xex>slow</xex>-gaited, <xex>slow</xex>-paced,
<xex>slow</xex>-sighted, <xex>slow</xex>-winged, and the
like.</note>
<cs><col>Slow coach</col>, <cd>a slow person. See def.7,
above.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Slow lemur</col>, <or/
<col>Slow loris</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd> an East
Indian nocturnal lemurine animal (<spn>Nycticebus
tardigradus</spn>) about the size of a small cat; -- so called
from its slow and deliberate movements. It has very large round
eyes and is without a tail. Called also <altname>bashful
Billy</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Slow match</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Match</er>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Dilatory; late; lingering; tardy; sluggish; dull;
inactive.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Slow</er>, <er>Tardy</er>,
<er>Dilatory</er>. <xex>Slow</xex> is the wider term, denoting
either a want of rapid motion or inertness of intellect.
<xex>Dilatory</xex> signifies a proneness to <xex>defer</xex>, a
habit of delaying the performance of what we know must be done.
<xex>Tardy</xex> denotes the habit of being behind hand; as,
<xex>tardy</xex> in making up one's acounts.</usage>
<hw>Slow</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Slowly.</def>
<q>Let him have time to mark how <qex>slow</qex> time goes
In time of sorrow.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Slow</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render slow; to slacken
the speed of; to retard; to delay; <as>as, to <ex>slow</ex> a
steamer</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Slow</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To go slower; -- often with
<xex>up</xex>; <as>as, the train <ex>slowed</ex> up before
crossing the bridge</as>.</def>
<-- also with down. -->
<hw>Slow</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A moth.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Rom. of R.</au>
<hw>Slow"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A lubber; an
idle fellow; a loiterer.</def> <mark>[Old Slang]</mark>
<au>Dr. Favour.</au>
<hw>Slowh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Slee</er>,to slay.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Slow"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sleuthhound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Slow"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a slow manner;
moderately; not rapidly; not early; not rashly; not readly;
tardly.</def>
<hw>Slow"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being slow.</def>
<hw>Slows</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Milk sickness.</def>
<hw>Slow"-wit`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dull of
apprehension; not possessing quick intelligence.</def>
<hw>Slow"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sl\'bewyrm</ets>; the first part is probably akin to
<ets>sle\'a0n</ets> to strike, the reptile being supposed to be
very poisonous. See <er>Slay</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and
<er>Worm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lecertilian
reptile; the blindworm.</def>
<hw>Slub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>A roll of wool slightly twisted; a rove;
-- called also <altname>slubbing</altname>.</def>
<hw>Slub</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slubbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Slubbing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To draw out and
twist slightly; -- said of slivers of wool.</def>
<hw>Slub"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slubbered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slubbering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Dan.
<ets>slubbre</ets>to swallow, to sup up, D. <ets>slobberen</ets>
to lap, to slabber. Cf. <er>Slabber</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To do lazily, imperfectly, or coarsely.</def>
<q><qex>Slubber</qex> not business for my sake.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To daub; to stain; to cover carelessly.</def>
<q>There is no art that hath more . . . <qex>slubbered</qex> with
aphorisming pedantry than the art of policy.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Slub"ber</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A slubbing machine.</def>
<hw>Slub"ber*de*gul`lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Slubber</ets> + Prov. E. <ets>gullion</ets> a
wretch.]</ety> <def>A mean, dirty wretch.</def>
<mark>[Low]</mark>
<hw>Slub"ber*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a slovenly, or
hurried and imperfect, manner.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Slub"bing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Slub</er>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Slubbing billy</col>, <or/ <col>Slubbing
machine</col></mcol>, <cd>the machine by which slubs are
formed.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sludge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF.
<er>Slush</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Mud; mire; soft mud;
slush.</def>
<au>Mortimer. Tennyson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Small floating pieces of ice, or masses of
saturated snow.</def>
<au>Kane.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>See <er>Slime</er>,
4.</def>
<cs><col>Sludge hole</col>, <cd>the hand-hole, or manhole, in a
steam boiler, by means of which sediment can be
removed.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1357 -->
<hw>Slug"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bucket for
removing mud from a bored hole; a sand pump.</def>
<hw>Slud"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Miry;
slushy.</def>
<hw>Slue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slued</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sluing</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>slew</ets> to
turn round, Scot. to lean or incline to a side; cf. Icel.
<ets>sn<?/a</ets> to turn, bend.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>slew</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To
turn about a fixed point, usually the center or axis, as a spar
or piece of timber; to turn; -- used also of any heavy
body.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>In general, to turn about; to twist; -- often
used reflexively and followed by <xex>round</xex>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>They laughed, and <qex>slued</qex> themselves round.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<hw>Slue</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To turn about; to turn from
the course; to slip or slide and turn from an expected or desired
course; -- often followed by <xex>round</xex>.</def>
<hw>Slue</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Sloough</er>, 2.</def>
<mark>[Local]</mark>
<hw>Slug</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slugge</ets> slothful, <ets>sluggen</ets> to be slothful;
cf. LG. <ets>slukk</ets> low-spirited, sad, E. <ets>slack</ets>,
<ets>slouch</ets>, D. <ets>slak</ets>, <ets>slek</ets>, a
snail.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A drone; a slow, lazy fellow; a
sluggard.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hindrance; an obstruction.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of terrestrial pulmonate mollusks belonging to Limax and
several related genera, in which the shell is either small and
concealed in the mantle, or altogether wanting. They are closely
allied to the land snails.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any smooth, soft larva of
a sawfly or moth which creeps like a mollusk; <as>as, the pear
<ex>slug</ex>; rose <ex>slug</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A ship that sails slowly.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<q>His rendezvous for his fleet, and for all <qex>slugs</qex> to
come to, should be between Calais and Dover.</q>
<qau>Pepys.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <ety>[Perhaps a different word.]</ety> <def>An
irregularly shaped piece of metal, used as a missile for a
gun.</def><-- also, a colloq. term for bullet. -->
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A thick strip of metal less
than type high, and as long as the width of a column or a page,
-- used in spacing out pages and to separate display lines,
etc.</def>
<cs><col>Sea slug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>Any nudibranch mollusk</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A
holothurian.</cd> -- <col>Slug caterpillar</col>. <cd>Same as
<er>Slugworm</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slug</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To move slowly; to lie
idle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To <qex>slug</qex> in sloth and sensual delight.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Slug</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make sluggish.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Slug</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slugged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Slugging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To load with a slug or slugs; <as>as, to <ex>slug</ex> a
gun</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike heavily.</def> <mark>[Cant or
Slang]</mark>
<hw>Slug</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become reduced in
diameter, or changed in shape, by passing from a larger to a
smaller part of the bore of the barrel; -- said of a bullet when
fired from a gun, pistol, or other firearm.</def>
<hw>Slug"a*bed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
indulges in lying abed; a sluggard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bdFie, you <xex>slugabed</xex>!\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Slug"gard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Slug</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person
habitually lazy, idle, and inactive; a drone.</def>
<q>Go to the ant, thou <qex>sluggard</qex>; considered her ways,
and be wise.</q>
<qau>Prov. vi. 6.</qau>
<hw>Slug"gard</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sluggish; lazy.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Slug"gard*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
make lazy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Slug"gard*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sloggardye</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being a sluggard;
sluggishness; sloth.</def>
<au>Gower.</au>
<q>Idleness is rotten <qex>sluggardy</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Slug"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
strikes heavy blows; hence, a boxer; a prize fighter.</def>
<mark>[Cant or Slang]</mark>
<-- (Baseball) A player with a high batting average, esp. one who
hits many home runs. -->
<hw>Slug"gish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive; <as>as,
a <ex>sluggish</ex> man</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Slow; having little motion; <as>as, a
<ex>sluggish</ex> stream</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having no power to move one's self or itself;
inert.</def>
<q>Matter, being impotent, <qex>sluggish</qex>, and inactive,
hath no power to stir or move itself.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>
<q>And the <qex>sluggish</qex> land slumbers in utter
neglect.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Characteristic of a sluggard; dull; stupid;
tame; simple.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdSo <xex>sluggish</xex>
a conceit.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Inert; idle; lazy; slothful; indolent; dronish;
slow; dull; drowsy; inactive. See <er>Inert</er>.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Slug"gish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Slug"gish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Slug"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sluggish.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Slug"-horn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>An
erroneous form of the Scotch word <xex>slughorne</xex>, or
<xex>sloggorne</xex>, meaning <xex>slogan</xex>.</def>
<hw>Slugs</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Half-roasted ore.</def>
<hw>Slug"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any caterpillar which has the general
appearance of a slug, as do those of certain moths belonging to
<xex>Limacodes</xex> and allied genera, and those of certain
sawflies.</def>
<hw>Sluice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>escluse</ets>, F. <ets>\'82cluse</ets>, LL.
<ets>exclusa</ets>, <ets>sclusa</ets>, from L.
<ets>excludere</ets>, <ets>exclusum</ets>, to shut out: cf. D.
<ets>sluis</ets> sluice, from the Old French. See
<er>Exclude</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An artifical passage
for water, fitted with a valve or gate, as in a mill stream, for
stopping or regulating the flow; also, a water gate of flood
gate.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, an opening or channel through which
anything flows; a source of supply.</def>
<q>Each <qex>sluice</qex> of affluent fortune opened soon.</q>
<qau>Harte.</qau>
<q>This home familiarity . . . opens the <qex>sluices</qex> of
sensibility.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The stream flowing through a flood gate.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A long box or trough through
which water flows, -- used for washing auriferous earth.</def>
<cs><col>Sluice gate</col>, <cd>the sliding gate of a
sluice.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sluice</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sluiced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sluicing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To emit by, or as by, flood gates.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wet copiously, as by opening a sluice;
<as>as, to <ex>sluice</ex> meadows</as>.</def>
<au>Howitt.</au>
<q>He dried his neck and face, which he had been
<qex>sluicing</qex> with cold water.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To wash with, or in, a stream of water running
through a sluice; <as>as, to <ex>sluice</ex> eart or gold dust in
mining</as>.</def>
<hw>Sluice"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
artificial channel into which water is let by a sluice;
specifically, a trough constructed over the bed of a stream, so
that logs, lumber, or rubbish can be floated down to some
convenient place of delivery.</def>
<hw>Slui`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Falling
copiously or in streams, as from a sluice.</def>
<q>And oft whole sheets descend of <qex>sluicy</qex> rain.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Slum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF.
<er>Slump</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A foul back
street of a city, especially one filled with a poor, dirty,
degraded, and often vicious population; any low neighborhood or
dark retreat; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, Westminster
<ex>slums</ex> are haunts for theives</as>.</def>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Slimes</er>.</def>
<hw>Slum"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slumbered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slumbering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>slombren</ets>,
<ets>slumberen</ets>, <ets>slumeren</ets>, AS.
<ets>slumerian</ets>, fr. <ets>sluma</ets> slumber; akin to D.
<ets>sluimeren</ets> to slumber, MHG. <ets>slummern</ets>,
<ets>slumen</ets>, G. <ets>schlummern</ets>, Dan.
<ets>slumre</ets>, Sw. <ets>slumra</ets>, Goth. <ets>slawan</ets>
to be silent.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sleep; especially, to
sleep lightly; to doze.</def>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<q>He that keepeth Israel shall neither <qex>slumber</qex> nor
sleep.</q>
<qau>Ps. cxxi. 4.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be in a state of negligence, sloth,
supineness, or inactivity.</def> \'bdWhy <xex>slumbers</xex>
Pope?\'b8
<au>Young.</au>
<hw>Slum"ber</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lay to
sleep.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Wotton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stun; to stupefy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Slum"ber</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sleep; especially, light
sleep; sleep that is not deep or sound; repose.</def>
<q>He at last fell into a <qex>slumber</qex>, and thence into a
fast sleep, which detained him in that place until it was almost
night.</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<q>Fast asleep? It is no matter;
Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of <qex>slumber</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Rest to my soul, and <qex>slumber</qex> to my eyes.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Slum"ber*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
slumbers; a sleeper.</def>
<hw>Slum"ber*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a slumbering
manner.</def>
<hw>Slum"ber*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without slumber;
sleepless.</def>
<hw>Slum"ber*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Inviting slumber; soporiferous.</def> \'bdPensive in the
<xex>slumberous</xex> shade.\'b8
<au>Pope.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Being in the repose of slumber; sleepy;
drowsy.</def>
<q>His quiet and almost <qex>slumberous</qex> countenance.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<hw>Slum"ber*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sleepy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Slum"brous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Slumberous.</def>
<au>Keats.</au>
<hw>Slum"ming</hw>, <pos>vb. n.</pos> <def>Visiting slums.</def>
<hw>Slump</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>slomp</ets> a mass, heap, Dan. <ets>slump</ets> a quantity,
and E. <ets>slump</ets>, v.t.]</ety> <def>The gross amount; the
mass; the lump.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Slump</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Lump</er>; also
Sw. <ets>slumpa</ets> to bargain for the lump.]</ety> <def>To
lump; to throw into a mess.</def>
<q>These different groups . . . are exclusively
<qex>slumped</qex> together under that sense.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<hw>Slump</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Slumped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Slumping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Scot.
<ets>slump</ets> a dull noise produced by something falling into
a hole, a marsh, a swamp.]</ety> <def>To fall or sink suddenly
through or in, when walking on a surface, as on thawing snow or
ice, partly frozen ground, a bog, etc., not strong enough to bear
the person.</def>
<q>The latter walk on a bottomless quag, into which unawares they
may <qex>slump</qex>.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>
<hw>Slump</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A boggy
place.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The noise made by anything falling into a hole,
or into a soft, miry place.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Slump"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Easily broken
through; boggy; marshy; swampy.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq.
U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Slung</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Sling</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Slung shot</col>, <cd>a metal ball of small size, with a
string attached, used by ruffians for striking.</cd></cs>
<hw>Slunk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Slink</er>.</def>
<hw>Slur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slurred</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Slurring</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>sloor</ets> mud,
clay, Icel. <ets>sl<?/ra</ets>, <ets>slo<?/ra</ets>, to trail or
drag one's self along, D. <ets>sleuren</ets>, <ets>sloren</ets>,
to train, to drag, to do negligently and slovenly, D.
<ets>sloor</ets>, <ets>sloerie</ets>, a sluttish girl.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To soil; to sully; to contaminate; to
disgrace.</def>
<au>Cudworth.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To disparage; to traduce.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cover over; to disguise; to conceal; to pass
over lightly or with little notice.</def>
<q>With periods, points, and tropes, he <qex>slurs</qex> his
crimes.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cheat, as by sliding a die; to trick.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>To <qex>slur</qex> men of what they fought for.</q>
<qau>Hudibras.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To pronounce indistinctly; <as>as, to
<ex>slur</ex> syllables</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To sing or perform in a
smooth, gliding style; to connect smoothly in performing, as
several notes or tones.</def>
<au>Busby.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To blur or double, as an
impression from type; to mackle.</def>
<hw>Slur</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A mark or stain;
hence, a slight reproach or disgrace; a stigma; a reproachful
intimation; an innuendo.</def> \'bdGaining to his name a lasting
<xex>slur</xex>.\'b8
<au>South.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trick played upon a person; an
imposition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A mark, thus [<upslur/ or
<downslur/], connecting notes that are to be sung to the same
syllable, or made in one continued breath of a wind instrument,
or with one stroke of a bow; a tie; a sign of legato.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>In knitting machines, a contrivance for
depressing the sinkers successively by passing over them.</def>
<hw>Slurred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<def>Marked with a slur; performed in a smooth, gliding style,
like notes marked with a slur.</def>
<hw>Slush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw.
<ets>slaska</ets> to paddle in water, <ets>slask</ets> wet,
filth.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>slosh</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Soft mud.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mixture of snow and water; half-melted
snow.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A soft mixture of grease and other materials,
used for lubrication.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The refuse grease and fat collected in cooking,
especially on shipboard.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A mixture of white lead and
lime, with which the bright parts of machines, such as the
connecting rods of steamboats, are painted to be preserved from
oxidation.</def>
<hw>Slush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Slushed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Slushing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To smear with
slush or grease; <as>as, to <ex>slush</ex> a mast</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To paint with a mixture of white lead and
lime.</def>
<hw>Slush"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in
slush; characterized by soft mud or half-melted snow; <as>as, the
streets are <ex>slushy</ex>; the snow is
<ex>slushy</ex></as>.</def> \'bdA dark, drizzling,
<xex>slushy</xex> day.\'b8
<au>Blackw. Mag.</au>
<hw>Slut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>slutte</ets>; cf. OD. <ets>slodde</ets> a slut, Icel.
<ets>sl\'94ttr</ets> a heavy, loglike fellow, <ets>slota</ets> to
droop.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An untidy woman; a slattern.</def>
<q><qex>Sluts</qex> are good enough to make a sloven's
porridge.</q>
<qau>Old Proverb.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A servant girl; a drudge.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Our little girl Susan is a most admirable <qex>slut</qex>, and
pleases us mightly, doing more service than both the others.</q>
<qau>Pepys.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A female dog; a bitch.</def>
<hw>Slutch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF.
<er>Sludge</er>.]</ety> <def>Slush.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Slutch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slushy.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Pennant.</au>
<hw>Sluth"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sleuthhound.</def>
<hw>Slut"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
qualities and practices of a slut; sluttishness;
slatternlines.</def>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Slut"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a slut;
untidy; indecently negligent of cleanliness; disorderly; <as>as,
a <ex>sluttish</ex> woman</as>.</def>
<q>Why is thy lord so <qex>slutish</qex>, I thee pray.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>An air of liberal, though <qex>sluttish</qex>, plenty,
indicated the wealthy farmer.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Slut"tish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Slut"tish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Slier</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or
<er>Slyer</er>; <pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sliest</er> or
<er>Slyest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sli</ets>,
<ets>slegh</ets>, <ets>sleih</ets>, Icel <ets>sl<?/gr</ets>, for
<ets>sl<?/gr</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>slug</ets>, Dan.
<ets>slu</ets>, LG. <ets>slou</ets>, G. <ets>schlau</ets>;
probably to E. <ets>slay</ets>, v.t.; cf. G.
ver<ets>schlagen</ets> sly. See <er>Slay</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,
and cf. <er>Sleight</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Dexterous in
performing an action, so as to escape notice; nimble; skillful;
cautious; shrewd; knowing; -- in a good sense.</def>
<q>Be ye <qex>sly</qex> as serpents, and simple as doves.</q>
<qau>Wyclif (Matt. x. 16).</qau>
<q>Whom graver age
And long experience hath made wise and <qex>sly</qex>.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Artfully cunning; secretly mischievous;
wily.</def>
<q>For my <qex>sly</qex> wiles and subtle craftiness,
The litle of the kingdom I possess.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Done with, and marked by, artful and dexterous
secrecy; subtle; <as>as, a <ex>sly</ex> trick</as>.</def>
<q>Envy works in a <qex>sly</qex> and imperceptible manner.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Light or delicate; slight; thin.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<cs><mcol><col>By the sly</col>, <or/ <col>On the
sly</col></mcol>, <cd>in a sly or secret manner.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdGazed on Hetty's charms <xex>by the
sly<xex>.\'b8 <au>G. Eliot</au>. -- <col>Sly goose</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common sheldrake; -- so named from
its craftiness.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Cunning; crafty; subtile; wily. See
<er>Cunning</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Slyly.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Poetic]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sly"boots`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A humerous
appellation for a sly, cunning, or waggish person.</def>
<q><qex>Slyboots</qex> was cursedly cunning to hide 'em.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<hw>Sly"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sly manner; shrewdly;
craftily.</def>
<q>Honestly and <qex>slyly</qex> he it spent.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sly"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being sly.</def>
<hw>Slype</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>sluipen</ets> to sneak.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A
narrow passage between two buildings, as between the transept and
chapter house of a monastery.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Smack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>smak</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>smack</ets>, <ets>smak</ets>,
Dan. <ets>smakke</ets>, G. <ets>schmacke</ets>, F.
<ets>semaque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small
sailing vessel, commonly rigged as a sloop, used chiefly in the
coasting and fishing trade.</def>
<hw>Smack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>smak</ets>, AS.
<ets>ssm<?/c</ets> taste, savor; akin to D. <ets>smaak</ets>, G.
ge<ets>schmack</ets>, OHG. <ets>smac</ets>; cf. Lith.
<ets>smagus</ets> pleasant. Cf. <er>Smack</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Taste or flavor, esp. a slight
taste or flavor; savor; tincture; <as>as, a <ex>smack</ex> of
bitter in the medicine</as>. Also used figuratively.</def>
<q>So quickly they have taken a <qex>smack</qex> in
covetousness.</q>
<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>
<q>They felt the <qex>smack</qex> of this world.</q>
<qau>Latimer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small quantity; a taste.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A loud kiss; a buss.</def> \'bdA clamorous
<xex>smack</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A quick, sharp noise, as of the lips when
suddenly separated, or of a whip.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A quick, smart blow; a slap.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>Smack</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>As if with a smack or
slap.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Smack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Smacked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Smacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>smaken</ets> to taste, have a taste, -- from the noun; cf.
AS. <ets>smecan</ets> taste; akin to D. <ets>smaken</ets>, G.
<ets>schmecken</ets>, OHG. <ets>smechen</ets> to taste, smach<?/n
to have a taste (and, derived from the same source, G.
<ets>schmatzen</ets> to smack the lips, to kiss with a sharp
noise, MHG. <ets>smatzen</ets>, <ets>smackzeen</ets>), Icel
<ets>smakka</ets> to taste, Sw. <ets>smaka</ets>, Dan.
<ets>smage</ets>. See 2d <er>Smack</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To have a smack; to be tinctured with any
particular taste.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have or exhibit indications of the presence
of any character or quality.</def>
<q> All sects, all ages, <qex>smack</qex> of this vice.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so
as to make a sound when they separate; to kiss with a sharp
noise; to buss.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make a noise by the separation of the lips
after tasting anything.</def>
<hw>Smack</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To kiss with a
sharp noise; to buss.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To open, as the lips, with an inarticulate sound
made by a quick compression and separation of the parts of the
mouth; to make a noise with, as the lips, by separating them in
the act of kissing or after tasting.</def>
<q>Drinking off the cup, and <qex>smacking</qex> his lips with an
air of ineffable relish.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a sharp noise by striking; to crack;
<as>as, to <ex>smack</ex> a whip</as>.</def> \'bdShe
<xex>smacks</xex> the silken thong.\'b8
<au>Young.</au>
<hw>Smack"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sharp, quick noise; a
smack.</def>
<q>Like the faint <qex>smacking</qex> of an after kiss.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<-- p. 1358 -->
<hw>Smack"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making a
sharp, brisk sound; hence, brisk; <as>as, a <ex>smacking</ex>
breeze</as>.</def>
<hw>Small</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Smaller</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Smallest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>small</ets>, AS. <ets>sm</ets>$<ets>l</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>smal</ets> narrow, OS. & OHG. <ets>smal</ets> small, G.
<ets>schmal</ets> narrow, Dan. & Sw. <ets>smal</ets>, Goth.
<ets>smals</ets> small, Icel. <ets>smali</ets> smal cattle,
sheep, or goats; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a sheep or goat.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having little size, compared with other things
of the same kind; little in quantity or degree; diminutive; not
large or extended in dimension; not great; not much;
inconsiderable; <as>as, a <ex>small</ex> man; a <ex>small</ex>
river</as>.</def>
<q>To compare
Great things with <qex>small</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Being of slight consequence; feeble in influence
or importance; unimportant; trivial; insignificant; <as>as, a
<ex>small</ex> fault; a <ex>small</ex> business</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Envincing little worth or ability; not
large-minded; -- sometimes, in reproach, paltry; mean.</def>
<q>A true delineation of the <qex>smallest</qex> man is capable
of interesting the reatest man.</q>
<qau>Carlyle.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not prolonged in duration; not extended in time;
short; <as>as, after a <ex>small</ex> space</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Weak; slender; fine; gentle; soft; not
loud.</def> \'bdA still, <xex>small</xex> voice.\'b8
<au>1 Kings xix. 12.</au>
<cs><col>Great and small</col>,<cd>of all ranks or degrees; --
used especially of persons. \'bdHis quests, <xex>great and
small<xex>.\'b8 <au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> -- <col>Small arms</col>,
<cd>muskets, rifles, pistols, etc., in distinction from
cannon.</cd> -- <col>Small beer</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Beer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Small coal</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>Little coals of wood formerly used to light fires</cd>.
<au>Gay</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Coal about the size of a hazelnut,
separated from the coarser parts by screening.</cd> -- <col>Small
craft</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a vessel, or vessels in
general, of a small size.</cd> -- <col>Small fruits</col>.
<cd>See under <er>Fruit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Small hand</col>,
<cd>a certain size of paper. See under <er>Paper</er>.</cd> --
<col>Small hours</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hour</er>.</cd> --
<col>Small letter</col>. <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a lower-case
letter. See <er>Lower-case</er>, and <cref>Capital letter</cref>,
under <er>Capital</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>Small
piece</col>, <cd>a Scotch coin worth about 2<frac14/d. sterling,
or about 4<frac12/cents.</cd> -- <col>Small register</col>.
<cd>See the Note under 1st <er>Register</er>, 7.</cd> --
<col>Small stuff</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>spun yarn,
marline, and the smallest kinds of rope. <au>R. H. Dana,
Jr.</au></cd> -- <col>Small talk</col>, <cd>light or trifling
conversation; chitchat.</cd> -- <col>Small wares</col>
<fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>various small textile articles, as tapes,
braid, tringe, and the like. <au>M\'bfCulloch</au>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Small</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In or to small
extent, quantity, or degree; little; slightly.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdI wept but <xex>small</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer</au>. \'bdIt <xex>small</xex> avails my mood.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not loudly; faintly; timidly.</def> <mark>[Obs.
or Humorous]</mark>
<q>You may speak as <qex>small</qex> as you will.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Small</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The small or
slender part of a thing; <as>as, the <ex>small</ex> of the leg or
of the back</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Smallclothes.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Hood. Dickens.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Same as <cref>Little go</cref>.
See under <er>Little</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>
<hw>Small</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make little or
less.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Small"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Small</ets> + F. <ets>ache</ets> smallage. See
<er>Ach</er> parsley.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A biennial
umbelliferous plant (<spn>Apium graveolens</spn>) native of the
seacoats of Europe and Asia. When deprived of its acrid and even
poisonous properties by cultivation, it becomes
<altname>celery</altname>.</def>
<hw>Small"clothes`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>A
man's garment for the hips and thighs; breeches. See
<er>Breeches</er>.</def>
<hw>Small"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat small.</def>
<au>G. W. Cable.</au>
<hw>Small"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being small.</def>
<hw>Small"pox`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Small</ets> + <ets>pox</ets>, <ets>pocks</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A contagious, constitutional, febrile
disease characterized by a peculiar eruption; variola. The
cutaneous eruption is at first a collection of papules which
become vesicles (first flat, subsequently umbilicated) and then
pustules, and finally thick crusts which slough after a certain
time, often leaving a pit, or scar.</def><-- now no longer
observed, after a long campaing of vaccination apparently
succeeded in eliminating all human carriers by 1995. -->
<hw>Smalls</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See
<er>Small</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2, 3.</def>
<hw>Small"sword`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A light
sword used for thrusting only; especially, the sword worn by
civilians of rank in the eighteenth century.</def>
<hw>Smal"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a small
quantity or degree; with minuteness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Ascham.</au>
<hw>Smalt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>smalto</ets>, LL. <ets>smaltum</ets>; of Teutonic origin;
cf. OHG. <ets>smalz</ets> grease, butter, G. <ets>schmalz</ets>
grease, OHG. <ets>smelzan</ets> to melt, G. <ets>schmelzen</ets>.
See <er>Smelt</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Amel</er>,
<er>Enamel</er>.]</ety> <def>A deep blue pigment or coloring
material used in various arts. It is a vitreous substance made of
cobalt, potash, and calcined quartz fused, and reduced to a
powder.</def>
<hw>Smalt"-blue`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Deep blue,
like smalt.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Smalt"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Smalt"ite</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Smalt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A tin-white or gray
mineral of metallic luster. It is an arsenide of cobalt, nickel,
and iron. Called also <altname>speiskobalt</altname>.</def>
<hw>Smar"agd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>smaragdus</ets>. See <er>Emerald</er>.]</ety> <def>The
emerald.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bale.</au>
<hw>Sma*rag"dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>smaragdinus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to emerald; resembling emerald; of an emerald
green.</def>
<hw>Sma*rag"dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>smaragdite</ets>; -- so called from its emerald-green color.
See <er>Smaragd</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A green
foliated kind of amphibole, observed in eclogite and some
varietis of gabbro.</def>
<hw>Smart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Smarted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Smarting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>smarten</ets>, AS. <ets>smeortan</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>smarten</ets>, <ets>smerten</ets>, G. <ets>schmerzen</ets>,
OHG. <ets>smerzan</ets>, Dan. <ets>smerte</ets>, SW.
<ets>sm\'84rta</ets>, D. <ets>smart</ets>, <ets>smert</ets>, a
pain, G. <ets>schmerz</ets>, Ohg. <ets>smerzo</ets>, and probably
to L. <ets>mordere</ets> to bite; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/,
<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, terrible, fearful, Skr. <ets>m<?/d</ets> to rub,
crush. Cf. <er>Morsel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feel a
lively, pungent local pain; -- said of some part of the body as
the seat of irritation; <as>as, my finger <ex>smarts</ex>; these
wounds <ex>smart</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au> <au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To feel a pungent pain of mind; to feel sharp
pain or grief; to suffer; to feel the sting of evil.</def>
<q>No creature <qex>smarts</qex> so little as a fool.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>He that is surety for a stranger shall <qex>smart</qex> for
it.</q>
<qau>Prov. xi. 15.</qau>
<hw>Smart</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause a smart in.</def>
\'bdA goad that . . . <xex>smarts</xex> the flesh.\'b8
<au>T. Adams.</au>
<hw>Smart</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>smerte</ets>. See
<er>Smart</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Quick,
pungent, lively pain; a pricking local pain, as the pain from
puncture by nettles.</def> \'bdIn pain's <xex>smart</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Severe, pungent pain of mind; pungent grief;
<as>as, the <ex>smart</ex> of affliction</as>.</def>
<q>To stand 'twixt us and our deserved <qex>smart</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Counsel mitigates the greatest <qex>smart</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fellow who affects smartness, briskness, and
vivacity; a dandy.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>Fielding.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Smart money (see below).</def>
<mark>[Canf]</mark>
<hw>Smart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Smarter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Smartest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>smerte</ets>. See <er>Smart</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Causing a smart; pungent; pricking; <as>as, a
<ex>smart</ex> stroke or taste</as>.</def>
<q>How <qex>smart</qex> lash that speech doth give my
conscience.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Keen; severe; poignant; <as>as, <ex>smart</ex>
pain</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Vigorous; sharp; severe.</def>
\'bd<xex>Smart</xex> skirmishes, in which many fell.\'b8
<au>Clarendon.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Accomplishing, or able to accomplish, results
quickly; active; sharp; clever.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Efficient; vigorous; brilliant.</def> \'bdThe
stars shine <xex>smarter</xex>.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Marked by acuteness or shrewdness; quick in
suggestion or reply; vivacious; witty; <as>as, a <ex>smart</ex>
reply; a <ex>smart</ex> saying</as>.</def>
<q>Who, for the poor renown of being <qex>smart</qex>
Would leave a sting within a brother's heart?</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<q>A sentence or two, . . . which I thought very
<qex>smart</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Pretentious; showy; spruce; <as>as, a
<ex>smart</ex> gown</as>.</def>
<-- in modifying dress or appearance, now used in the sense of
"neat, trim", or "stylish, attractive, elegant." -->
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Brisk; fresh; <as>as, a <ex>smart</ex>
breeze</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Smart money</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Money paid by a
person to buy himself off from some unpleasant engagement or some
painful situation</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>Money
allowed to soldiers or sailors, in the English service, for
wounds and injures received; also, a sum paid by a recruit,
previous to being sworn in, to procure his release from
service</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>Vindictive or
exemplary damages; damages beyond a full compensation for the
actual injury done</cd>. <au>Burrill</au>.
<au>Greenleaf</au>.</cd><-- = punitive damages?. (d) (Finance)
Knowledgeable investors or bettors. "The smart money says that
technology stocks are at a peak." --> -- <col>Smart ticket</col>,
<cd>a certificate given to wounded seamen, entitling them to
smart money.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <au>Brande & C.</au></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Pungent; poignant; sharp; tart; acute; quick;
lively; brisk; witty; clever; keen; dashy; showy.</syn> <usage>
-- <er>Smart</er>, <er>Clever</er>. <xex>Smart</xex> has been
much used in New England to describe a person who is intelligent,
vigorous, and active; as, a <xex>smart</xex> young fellow; a
<xex>smart</xex> workman, etc., conciding very nearly with the
English sense of <xex>clever</xex>. The nearest approach to this
in England is in such expressions as, he was <xex>smart</xex>
(pungent or witty) in his reply, etc.; but <xex>smart</xex> and
smartness, when applied to persons, more commonly refer to dress;
as, a <xex>smart</xex> appearance; a <xex>smart</xex> gown,
etc.</usage>
<hw>Smart"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make
smart or spruce; -- usually with <xex>up</xex>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>She had to go and <qex>smarten</qex> herself up somewhat.</q>
<qau>W. Black.</qau>
<hw>Smar"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To waste
away.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Smart"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a smart
manner.</def>
<hw>Smart"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being smart.</def>
<hw>Smart"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An acrid plant of the genus
<spn>Polygonum</spn> (<spn>P. Hydropiper</spn>), which produces
smarting if applied where the skin is tender.</def>
<hw>Smash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Smashed</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Smashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>smisk</ets> a
blow, stroke, <ets>smiska</ets> to strike, dial. Sw.
<ets>smaske</ets> to kiss with a noise, and E. <ets>smack</ets> a
loud kiss, a slap.]</ety> <def>To break in pieces by violence; to
dash to pieces; to crush.</def>
<q>Here everything is broken and <qex>smashed</qex> to
pieces.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<hw>Smash</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To break up, or to pieces
suddenly, as the result of collision or pressure.</def>
<hw>Smash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A breaking or
dashing to pieces; utter destruction; wreck.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, bankruptcy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Smash"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, smashes or breaks things to
pieces.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything very large or extraordinary.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who passes counterfeit coin.</def>
<mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Smatch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>smach</ets>, <ets>smak</ets>. See <er>Smack</er>
taste.]</ety> <def>Taste; tincture; smack.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Thy life hath had some <qex>smatch</qex> of honor in it.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Smatch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To smack.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Banister (1578).</au>
<hw>Smat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>smateren</ets> to make a noise; cf. Sw. <ets>smattra</ets>
to clatter, to crackle, G. <ets>schmettern</ets> to dash, crash,
to warble, quaver.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To talk superficially
or ignorantly; to babble; to chatter.</def>
<q>Of state affairs you can not <qex>smatter</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a slight taste, or a slight, superficial
knowledge, of anything; to smack.</def>
<hw>Smat"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To talk
superficially about.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To gain a slight taste of; to acquire a slight,
superficial knowledge of; to smack.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Smat"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Superficial knowledge; a
smattering.</def>
<hw>Smat"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who has
only a slight, superficial knowledge; a sciolist.</def>
<hw>Smat"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A slight, superficial
knowledge of something; sciolism.</def>
<q>I had a great desire, not able to attain to a superficial
skill in any, to have some <qex>smattering</qex> in all.</q>
<qau>Burton.</qau>
<hw>Smear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Smeared</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Smearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>smeren</ets>,
<ets>smerien</ets>, AS. <ets>smierwan</ets>, <ets>smyrwan</ets>,
fr. <ets>smeoru</ets> fat, grease; akin to D. <ets>smeren</ets>,
OHG. <ets>smirwen</ets>, G. <ets>schmieren</ets>, Icel.
<ets>smyrja</ets> to anoint. See <er>Smear</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To overspread with anything
unctuous, viscous, or adhesive; to daub; <as>as, to
<ex>smear</ex> anything with oil</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Smear</xex>
the sleepy grooms with blood.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To soil in any way; to contaminate; to pollute;
to stain morally; <as>as, to be <ex>smeared</ex> with
infamy</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Smear</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>smere</ets>,.
<ets>smeoru</ets> fat, grease; akin to D. <ets>smeer</ets>, G.
<ets>schmeer</ets>, OHG. <ets>smero</ets>, Icel.
<ets>smj\'94r</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>sm\'94r</ets> butter, Goth.
<ets>sma\'a1r<?/r</ets> fatness, <ets>smarna</ets> dung; cf.
Lith. <ets>smarsas</ets> fat. Cf. <er>Smirch</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A fat, oily substance; oinment.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a spot made by, or as by, an unctuous or
adhesive substance; a blot or blotch; a daub; a stain.</def>
<q>Slow broke the morn,
All damp and rolling vapor, with no sun,
But in its place a moving <qex>smear</qex> of light.</q>
<qau>Alexander Smith.</qau>
<hw>Smear" dab"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
sand fluke <sd>(b)</sd>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Smeared</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the color mark ings ill
defined, as if rubbed; <as>as, the <ex>smeared</ex> dagger moth
(<spn>Apatela oblinita</spn>)</as>.</def>
<-- #sic ?sp. Under "dagger moth", it says genus = Apatalea -->
<hw>Smear"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to
smear or soil; adhesive; viscous.</def>
<au>Rowe.</au>
<hw>Smeath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The smew.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Smec"tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>smectit</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a kind of fuller's
earth, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to wipe off.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>A hydrous silicate of alumina, of a greenish color, which,
in certain states of humidity, appears transparent and almost
gelatinous.</def>
<hw>Smee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Smew</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
pintail duck.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The widgeon.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The poachard.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The
smew.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Smeeth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>To smoke; to blacken with smoke; to rub
with soot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Smeeth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sme<?/en</ets>, AS. <ets>sm<?/<?/ian</ets>. See
<er>Smooth</er>.]</ety> <def>To smooth.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Smeg"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ soap, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to wash off.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The matter secreted by any of the
sebaceous glands.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The soapy
substance covering the skin of newborn infants</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cheesy, sebaceous matter which collects
between the glans penis and the foreskin.</def>
<hw>Smeg*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being of
the nature of soap; soapy; cleansing; detersive.</def>
<hw>Smeir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A salt glaze on
pottery, made by adding common salt to an earthenware
glaze.</def>
<hw>Smell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Smelled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <er>Smelt</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Smelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>smellen</ets>, <ets>smillen</ets>, <ets>smullen</ets>; cf.
LG. <ets>smellen</ets>, <ets>smelen</ets>, <ets>sm\'94len</ets>,
<ets>schmelen</ets>, to smoke, to reek, D. <ets>smeulen</ets> to
smolder, and E. <ets>smolder</ets>. Cf. <er>Smell</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To perceive by the
olfactory nerves, or organs of smell; to have a sensation of,
excited through the nasal organs when affected by the appropriate
materials or qualities; to obtain the scent of; <as>as, to
<ex>smell</ex> a rose; to <ex>smell</ex> perfumes</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To detect or perceive, as if by the sense of
smell; to scent out; -- often with <xex>out</xex>.</def> \'bdI
<xex>smell</xex> a device.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Can you <qex>smell</qex> him out by that?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give heed to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>From that time forward I began to <qex>smell</qex>the Word of
God, and forsook the school doctors.</q>
<qau>Latimer.</qau>
<cs><col>To smell a rat</col>, <cd>to have a sense of something
wrong, not clearly evident; to have reason for suspicion.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To smell out</col>, <cd>to find
out by sagacity.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Smell</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To affect the
olfactory nerves; to have an odor or scent; -- often followed by
<xex>of</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>smell</ex> of smoke, or of
musk</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a particular tincture or smack of any
quality; to savor; <as>as, a report <ex>smells</ex> of
calumny</as>.</def>
<q>Praises in an enemy are superfluous, or <qex>smell</qex> of
craft.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To exercise the sense of smell.</def>
<au>Ex. xxx. 38.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To exercise sagacity.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Smell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>smel</ets>,
<ets>smil</ets>, <ets>smul</ets>, <ets>smeol</ets>. See
<er>Smell</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The sense or faculty by which certain qualities
of bodies are perceived through the instrumentally of the
olfactory nerves. See <er>Sense</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality of any thing or substance, or
emanation therefrom, which affects the olfactory organs; odor;
scent; fragrance; perfume; <as>as, the <ex>smell</ex> of
mint</as>.</def>
<q>Breathing the <qex>smell</qex> of field and grove.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>That which, above all others, yields the sweetest
<qex>smell</qex> in the air, is the violent.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Scent; odor; perfume; fragrance.</syn>
<hw>Smell"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who smells, or perceives by the sense of smell; one who
gives out smell.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The nose.</def> <mark>[Pugilists' Slang]</mark>
<hw>Smell"-feast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who is apt to find and frequent good tables; a parasite;
a sponger.</def>
<q>The epicure and the <qex>smell-feast</qex>.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A feast at which the guests are supposed to feed
upon the odors only of the viands.</def>
<hw>Smell"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one
who smells.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sense by which odors are perceived; the
sense of smell.</def>
<au>Locke.</au>
<cs><col>Smelling bottle</col>, <cd>a small bottle filled with
something suited to stimulate the sense of smell, or to remove
faintness, as spirits of ammonia.</cd></cs>
<hw>Smell"-less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of smell;
having no odor.</def>
<q>Daisies <qex>smell-less</qex>, yet most quaint.</q>
<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>
<hw>Smelt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <def>of
<er>Smell</er>.</def>
<hw>Smelt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>smelt</ets>,
<ets>smylt</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>smelt</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of small silvery salmonoid fishes of the genus
<spn>Osmerus</spn> and allied genera, which ascend rivers to
spawn, and sometimes become landlocked in lakes. They are
esteemed as food, and have a peculiar odor and taste.</def>
<note><hand/ The most important species are the European smelt
(<spn>Osmerus eperlans</spn>) (called also
<altname>eperlan</altname>, <altname>sparling</altname>, and
<altname>spirling</altname>), the Eastern American smelt (<spn>O.
mordax</spn>), the California smelt (<spn>O. thalichthys</spn>),
and the surf smelt (<spn>Hypomesus olidus</spn>). The name is
loosely applied to various other small fishes, as the lant, the
California tomcod, the spawn eater, the silverside.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: A gull; a simpleton.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>eau & Fl.</au>
<cs><col>Sand smelt</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
silverside.</cd></cs>
<hw>Smelt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Smelted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Smelting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of foreign origin; cf. Sw.
<ets>sm\'84lta</ets>, D. <ets>smelten</ets>, Dan.
<ets>smelte</ets>, Icel. <ets>smelta</ets>, G.
<ets>schmelzen</ets> OHG. <ets>smelzan</ets>, <ets>smelzen</ets>;
probably akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Enamel</er>,
<er>Melt</er>, <er>Mute</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>,
<er>Smalt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To melt or fuse,
as, ore, for the purpose of separating and refining the metal;
hence, to reduce; to refine; to flux or scorify; <as>as, to
<ex>smelt</ex> tin</as>.</def>
<-- p. 1359 -->
<hw>Smelt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, smelts.</def>
<hw>Smelt"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house or
place for smelting.</def>
<hw>Smelt"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fish, the
bib.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Smelt"ing</hw>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from
<er>Smelt</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Smelting furnace</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a
furnace in which ores are smelted or reduced.</cd></cs>
<hw>Smerk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Smirk</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Smerk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Smerk"y</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Smart; jaunty; spruce.
See <er>Smirk</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>So <qex>smerk</qex>, so smooth, his pricked ears.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Smer"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small loach.</def>
<hw>Smew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps for
<ets>ice-mew</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>small European merganser (<spn>Mergus albellus</spn>) which
has a white crest; -- called also <altname>smee</altname>,
<altname>smee duck</altname>, <altname>white merganser</altname>,
and <altname>white nun</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
hooded merganser.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Smick"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Akin to
Sw. <ets>smickra</ets> to flatter, Dan. <ets>smigre</ets>, and
perhaps to G. <ets>schmeicheln</ets>, and E. <ets>smile</ets>.
Cf. <er>Smicker</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To look amorously
or wantonly; to smirk.</def>
<hw>Smick"er</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>smicere</ets>
tasteful, trim. See <er>Smicker</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>
<def>Amorous; wanton; gay; spruce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Smick"er*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Amorous glance or
inclination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA
<xex>smickering</xex> to our young lady.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Smick"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of
<ets>smock</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman's under-garment; a
smock.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>Smick"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Smugly; finically.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ford.</au>
<hw>Smid"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Smithy</er>.]</ety> <def>A smithy.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Smift</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A match for
firing a charge of powder, as in blasting; a fuse.</def>
<hw>Smight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
smite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Smil"a*cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>similacine</ets>. See <er>Smilax</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Parrilin</er>.</def>
<hw>Smi"lax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., bindweed,
Gr. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus
of perennial climbing plants, usually with a prickly woody stem;
green brier, or cat brier. The rootstocks of certain species are
the source of the medicine called sarsaparilla.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A delicate trailing plant (<spn>Myrsiphyllum
asparagoides</spn>) much used for decoration. It is a native of
the Cape of Good Hope.</def>
<hw>Smile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Smiled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Smiling</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>smilen</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>smile</ets>, Sw.
<ets>smila</ets>, MHG. <ets>smielen</ets>, <ets>smieren</ets>, L.
<ets>mirari</ets> to wonder at, Skr. <ets>smi</ets> to smile; and
probably to E. <ets>smicker</ets>. <root/173. Cf.
<er>Admire</er>, <er>Marvel</er>, <er>Smirk</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To express amusement, pleasure, moderate joy, or
love and kindness, by the features of the face; to laugh
silently.</def>
<q>He doth nothing but frown . . . He hears merry tales and
<qex>smiles</qex> not.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>She <qex>led</qex> to see the doughty hero slain.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>When last I saw thy young blue eyes, they
<qex>smiled</qex>.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To express slight contempt by a look implying
sarcasm or pity; to sneer.</def>
<q>'T was what I said to Craggs and Child,
Who praised my modesty, and <qex>smiled</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To look gay and joyous; to have an appearance
suited to excite joy; <as>as, <ex>smiling</ex> spring;
<ex>smilimg</ex> plenty.</as></def>
<q>The desert <qex>smiled</qex>,
And paradise was opened in the wild.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be propitious or favorable; to favor; to
countenance; -- often with <xex>on</xex>; <as>as, to
<ex>smile</ex> on one's labors</as>.</def>
<hw>Smile</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To express by a
smile; <as>as, to <ex>smile</ex> consent; to <ex>smile</ex> a
welcome to visitors.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To affect in a certain way with a smile.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>And sharply <qex>smile</qex> prevailing folly dead.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<hw>Smile</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. Dan. <ets>smiil</ets>,
Sw. <ets>smil</ets>. See <er>Smile</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of smiling; a peculiar change or
brightening of the face, which expresses pleasure, moderate joy,
mirth, approbation, or kindness; -- opposed to
<xex>frown</xex>.</def>
<q>Sweet intercourse
Of looks and <qex>smiles</qex>: for <qex>smiles</qex> from reason
flow.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A somewhat similar expression of countenance,
indicative of satisfaction combined with malevolent feelings, as
contempt, scorn, etc; <as>as, a scornful
<ex>smile</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Favor; countenance; propitiousness; <as>as, the
<ex>smiles</ex> of Providence</as>.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>smile</xex> of heaven.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Gay or joyous appearance; <as>as, the
<ex>smiles</ex> of spring</as>.</def>
<q>The brightness of their [the flowers'] <qex>smile</qex> was
gone.</q>
<qau>Bryant.</qau>
<hw>Smile"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not having a
smile.</def>
<hw>Smil"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
smiles.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Smil"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little
smile.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Those happy <qex>smilets</qex>
That played on her ripe lip.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Smil"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a smiling
manner.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Smil"ing*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being smiling.</def>
<q>And made despair a <qex>smilingness</qex> assume.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<hw>Smi"lo*don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a carving knife + <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, tooth.]</ety>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of saber-toothed
tigers. See <er>Mach<?/rodus</er>.</def>
<hw>Smilt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To melt.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>Smin*thu"rid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a mouse + <?/<?/<?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous small species of springtails, of the
family <xex>Sminthurid<?/</xex>, -- usually found on flowers. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Collembola</er>.</def>
<hw>Smirch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From the
root of <ets>smear</ets>.]</ety> <def>To smear with something
which stains, or makes dirty; to smutch; to begrime; to soil; to
sully.</def>
<q>I'll . . . with a kind of umber <qex>smirch</qex> my face.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Smirch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A smutch; a
dirty stain.</def>
<hw>Smirk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Smirked</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Smirking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>smirken</ets>,
ASS. <ets>smercian</ets>, <ets>smearcian</ets>; cf. MHG.
<ets>smieren</ets>, <ets>smielen</ets>, to smile. See
<er>Smile</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To smile in an
affected or conceited manner; to smile with affected
complaisance; to simper.</def>
<hw>Smirk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A forced or affected smile; a
simper.</def>
<q>The bride, all <qex>smirk</qex> and blush, had just
entered.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Smirk</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nice,; smart; spruce;
affected; simpering.</def> \'bdSo <xex>smirk</xex>, so
smooth.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Smirk"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With smirking; with a
smirk.</def>
<hw>Smirk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Smirk;
smirking.</def>
<hw>Smit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>rare</mark> <def><pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> of <er>Smite</er>.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q><qex>Smit</qex> with the beauty of so fair a scene.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<hw>Smit</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>3d. pers. sing.
pres.</pos> of <er>Smite</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Smite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Smoth</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, rarely
<er>Smit</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Smitten</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>, rarely <er>Smit</er>, or <er>Smote</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Smiting</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[AS. <ets>sm\'c6tan</ets> to smite, to soil, pollute; akin
to OFries. <ets>sm\'c6ta</ets> to smite, LG. <ets>smiten</ets>,
D. <ets>smijten</ets>, G. <ets>schmeissen</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sm\'c6zan</ets> to smear, stroke, OSw. & dial. Sw.
<ets>smita</ets> to smite, Dan. <ets>smiide</ets> to throw, Goth.
bi<ets>smeitan</ets>, to anoint, besmear; cf. Skr.
<ets>m<?/d</ets> to be fat. The original sense seems to have
been, to daub on, to smear. Cf. <er>Smut</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To strike; to inflict a blow upon with the hand, or with any
instrument held in the hand, or with a missile thrown by the
hand; <as>as, to <ex>smite</ex> with the fist, with a rod, sword,
spear, or stone</as>.</def>
<q>Whosoever shall <qex>smite</qex> thee on thy right cheek, turn
to him the other also.</q>
<qau>Matt. v. 39.</qau>
<q>And David . . . took thence a stone, and slang it, and
<qex>smote</qex> the Philistine in his forehead.</q>
<qau>1 Sam. xvii. 49.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to strike; to use as an instrument in
striking or hurling.</def>
<q>Profpesy, and <qex>smite</qex> thine hands together.</q>
<qau>Ezek. xxi. 14.</qau>
<q>Saul . . . <qex>smote</qex> the javelin into the wall.</q>
<qau>1 Sam. xix. 10.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To destroy the life of by beating, or by weapons
of any kind; to slay by a blow; to kill; <as>as, to
<ex>smite</ex> one with the sword, or with an arrow or other
instrument</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To put to rout in battle; to overthrow by
war.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To blast; to destroy the life or vigor of, as by
a stroke or by some visitation.</def>
<q>The flax and the barely was <qex>smitten</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ex. ix. 31.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To afflict; to chasten; to punish.</def>
<q>Let us not mistake God's goodness, nor imagine, because he
<qex>smites</qex> us, that we are forsaken by him.</q>
<qau>Wake.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To strike or affect with passion, as love or
fear.</def>
<q>The charms that <qex>smite</qex> the simple heart.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q><qex>Smith</qex> with the love of sister arts we came.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<cs><col>To smite off</col>, <cd>to cut off.</cd> -- <col>To
smite out</col>, <cd>to knock out, as a tooth.
<xex>Exod<xex>,<xex>xxi<xex>.<xex>27<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To smite
with the tongue</col>, <cd>to reproach or upbarid; to revile.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>
<au>Jer. xviii. 18.</au>
<hw>Smite</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To strike; to collide; to
beat.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<q>The heart meleth, and the knees smite together.</q>
<qau>Nah. ii. 10.</qau>
<hw>Smite</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of smiting; a
blow.</def>
<hw>Smit"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
smites.</def>
<q>I give my back to the <qex>smiters</qex>.</q>
<qau>Isa. l. 6.</qau>
<hw>Smith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>smi<?/</ets>; akin to D. <ets>smid</ets>, G.
<ets>schmied</ets>, OHG. <ets>smid</ets>, Icel.
<ets>smi<?/r</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>smed</ets>, Goth.
<ets>smi<?/a</ets> (in comp.); cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a sort of knife,
<?/<?/<?/<?/ a hoe, mattock.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who
forgess with the hammer; one who works in metals; <as>as, a
black<ex>smith</ex>, goldsmith, silver<ex>smith</ex>, and the
like</as>.</def>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<q>Nor yet the <qex>smith</qex> hath learned to form a sword.</q>
<qau>Tate.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who makes or effects anything.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Smith</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>smi<?/ian</ets>.
See <er>Smith</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To beat into shape;
to fprge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>What smith that any [weapon] <qex>smitheth</qex>.</q>
<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>
<hw>Smith"craft`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or
occupation of a smith; smithing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>
<hw>Smith"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Light, fine
rain.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Fragments; atoms;
finders.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<q>Smash the bottle to <qex>smithers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Smith`er*eens"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<def>Fragments; atoms; smithers.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>W. Black.</au>
<hw>Smith"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-ies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
workshop of a smith; a smithy or stithy.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Work done by a smith; smithing.</def>
<q>The din of all his <qex>smithery</qex> may some time or other
possibly wake this noble duke.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<hw>Smith"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or art of working
or forging metals, as iron, into any desired shape.</def>
<au>Moxon.</au>
<hw>Smith*so"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the Englishman J.L.M. <ets>Smithson</ets>, or to
the national institution of learning which he endowed at
Washington, D.C.; <as>as, the <ex>Smithsonian</ex> Institution;
<ex>Smithsonian</ex> Reports</as>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<def>The Smithsonian Institution.</def></def2><-- capitalized -->
<hw>Smith"son*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Smithsonian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native zinc
carbonate. It generally occurs in stalactitic, reniform, or
botryoidal shapes, of a white to gray, green, or brown color. See
Note under <er>Calamine</er>.</def>
<hw>Smith"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>smi<?/e</ets>, fr. <ets>smi<?/</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>smidse</ets>, <ets>smids</ets>, OHG. <ets>smitta</ets>, G.
<ets>schmiede</ets>, Icel. <ets>smi<?/ja</ets>. See
<er>Smith</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The workshop of a
smith, esp. a blacksmith; a smithery; a stithy.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>smiddy</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>Under a spreading chestnut tree
The village <qex>smithy</qex> stands.</q>
<qau>Lonfellow.</qau>
<hw>Smitt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. G.
<ets>schmitz</ets> a stain, <ets>schmitzen</ets> besmear. See
<er>Smite</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Fine clay or ocher
made up into balls, used for marking sheep</def>.
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<au>Woodsward.</au>
<hw>Smit"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Smite</er>.</def>
<hw>Smit"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Freq. fr.
OE. <ets>smitten</ets> to befoul. See <er>Smite</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To infect.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Smit"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Infection.</def>
<mark>[Pov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Wright.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Smit"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Smit"tlish</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Infectious;
catching.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>H. Kingsley.</au>
<hw>Smock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>smoc</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>smocho</ets>, Icel.
<ets>smokkr</ets>, and from the root of AS. <ets>sm<?/gan</ets>
to creep, akin to G. <ets>schmiegen</ets> to cling to, press
close. MHG. <ets>smiegen</ets>, Icel. <ets>smj<?/ga</ets> to
creep through, to put on a garment which has a hole to put the
head through; cf. Lith. <ets>smukti</ets> to glide. Cf.
<er>Smug</er>, <er>Smuggle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
woman's under-garment; a shift; a chemise.</def>
<q>In her <qex>smock</qex>, with head and foot all bare.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A blouse; a smoock frock.</def>
<au>Carlyle.</au>
<hw>Smock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining
to a smock; resembling a smock; hence, of or pertaining to a
woman.</def>
<cs><col>Smock mill</col>, <cd>a windmill of which only the cap
turns round to meet the wind, in distinction from a <xex>post
mill<xex>, whose whole building turns on a post.</cd> --
<col>Smock race</col>, <cd>a race run by women for the prize of a
smock.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Smock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To provide with, or clothe
in, a smock or a smock frock.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Smock"-faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
feminine countenance or complexion; smooth-faced; girlish.</def>
<au>Fenton.</au>
<hw>Smock" frock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A coarse frock, or
shirt, worn over the other dress, as by farm laborers.</def>
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<hw>Smock"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wanting a smock.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Smok"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being smoked; suitable or ready to be smoked; <as>as,
<ex>smokable</ex> tobacco</as>.</def>
<hw>Smoke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>smoca</ets>, fr. <ets>sme\'a2can</ets> to smoke; akin to LG.
& D. <ets>smook</ets> smoke, Dan. <ets>sm\'94g</ets>, G.
<ets>schmauch</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to burn in a
smoldering fire; cf. Lith. <ets>smaugti</ets> to choke.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The visible exhalation, vapor, or substance that
escapes, or expelled, from a burning body, especially from
burning vegetable matter, as wood, coal, peat, or the like.</def>
<note><hand/ The gases of hydrocarbons, raised to a red heat or
thereabouts, without a mixture of air enough to produce
combustion, disengage their carbon in a fine powder, forming
<xex>smoke</xex>. The disengaged carbon when deposited on solid
bodies is <xex>soot</xex>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which resembles smoke; a vapor; a
mist.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything unsubstantial, as idle talk.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of smoking, esp. of smoking tobacco;
<as>as, to have a <ex>smoke</ex></as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<note><hand/ <xex>Smoke</xex> is sometimes joined with other
word. forming self-explaining compounds; as,
<xex>smoke</xex>-consuming, <xex>smoke</xex>-dried,
<xex>smoke</xex>-stained, etc.</note>
<cs><col>Smoke arch</col>, <cd>the smoke box of a
locomotive.</cd> -- <col>Smoke ball</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>,
<cd>a ball or case containing a composition which, when it burns,
sends forth thick smoke.</cd> -- <col>Smoke black</col>,
<cd>lampblack.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Smoke
board</col>, <cd>a board suspended before a fireplace to prevent
the smoke from coming out into the room.</cd> -- <col>Smoke
box</col>, <cd>a chamber in a boiler, where the smoke, etc., from
the furnace is collected before going out at the chimney.</cd> --
<col>Smoke sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a small sail in the
lee of the galley stovepipe, to prevent the smoke from annoying
people on deck.</cd> -- <col>Smoke tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a shrub (<spn>Rhus Cotinus</spn>) in which the flowers are
mostly abortive and the panicles transformed into tangles of
plumose pedicels looking like wreaths of smoke.</cd> -- <col>To
end in smoke</col>, <cd>to burned; hence, to be destroyed or
ruined; figuratively, to come to nothing.</cd><-- same as go up
in smoke. --></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Fume; reek; vapor.</syn>
<hw>Smoke</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Smoked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb n.</pos>
<er>Smoking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>smocian</ets>; akin
to D. <ets>smoken</ets>, G. <ets>schmauchen</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sm\'94ge</ets>. See <er>Smoke</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit smoke; to throw off volatile matter in
the form of vapor or exhalation; to reek.</def>
<q>Hard by a cottage chimney <qex>smokes</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to burn; to be kindled; to rage.</def>
<q>The anger of the Lord and his jealousy shall <qex>smoke</qex>
agains. that man.</q>
<qau>Deut. xxix. 20.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To raise a dust or smoke by rapid motion.</def>
<q>Proud of his steeds, he <qex>smokes</qex> along the field.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To draw into the mouth the smoke of tobacco
burning in a pipe or in the form of a cigar, cigarette, etc.; to
habitually use tobacco in this manner.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To suffer severely; to be punished.</def>
<q>Some of you shall <qex>smoke</qex> for it in Rome.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<-- To be smoking, (a) [Colloq] (Entertainment, sports) To
perform in an exciting manner. (b) (Gambling) To be winning in a
long streak -->
<hw>Smoke</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To apply smoke
to; to hang in smoke; to disinfect, to cure, etc., by smoke;
<as>as, to <ex>smoke</ex> or fumigate infected clothing; to
<ex>smoke</ex> beef or hams for preservation.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill or scent with smoke; hence, to fill with
incense; to perfume.</def> \'bd<xex>Smoking</xex> the temple.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To smell out; to hunt out; to find out; to
detect.</def>
<q>I alone
<qex>Smoked</qex> his true person, talked with him.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<q>He was first <qex>smoked</qex> by the old Lord Lafeu.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Upon that . . . I began to <qex>smoke</qex> that they were a
parcel of mummers.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To ridicule to the face; to quiz.</def>
<mark>[Old Slang]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To inhale and puff out the smoke of, as tobacco;
to burn or use in smoking; <as>as, to <ex>smoke</ex> a pipe or a
cigar</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To subject to the operation of smoke, for the
purpose of annoying or driving out; -- often with <xex>out</xex>;
<as>as, to <ex>smoke</ex> a woodchuck out of his
burrow</as>.</def>
<-- also used metaphorically, to expose, to cause to be made
public; to drive out, as if by smoke. -->
<hw>Smoke"-dry`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dry
by or in smoke.</def>
<hw>Smoke"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A building
where meat or fish is cured by subjecting it to a dense
smoke.</def>
<hw>Smoke"jack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
contrivance for turning a spit by means of a fly or wheel moved
by the current of ascending air in a chimney.</def>
<hw>Smoke"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making or having no
smoke.</def> \'bd<xex>Smokeless</xex> towers.\'b8
<au>Pope.</au>
<hw>Smok"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who dries or preserves by smoke.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who smokes tobacco or the like.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A smoking car or compartment.</def> <mark>[U.
S.]</mark>
<hw>Smoke"stack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chimney;
esp., a pipe serving as a chimney, as the pipe which carries off
the smoke of a locomotive, the funnel of a steam vessel,
etc.</def>
<-- p. 1360 -->
<hw>Smok"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a smoky
manner.</def>
<hw>Smok"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being smoky.</def>
<hw>Smok"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Smoke</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Smoking bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the long pod
of the catalpa, or Indian-bean tree, often smoked by boys as a
substitute for cigars.</cd> -- <col>Smoking car</col>, <cd>a
railway car carriage reserved for the use of passengers who smoke
tobacco.</cd></cs>
<hw>Smok"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Smokier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Smokiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Emitting smoke, esp. in large quantities or in an offensive
manner; fumid; <as>as, <ex>smoky</ex> fires</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the appearance or nature of smoke;
<as>as, a <ex>smoky</ex> fog</as>.</def> \'bdUnlustrous as the
<xex>smoky</xex> light.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Filled with smoke, or with a vapor resembling
smoke; thick; <as>as, a <ex>smoky</ex> atmosphere</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Subject to be filled with smoke from chimneys or
fireplace; <as>as, a <ex>smoky</ex> house</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Tarnished with smoke; noisome with smoke;
<as>as, <ex>smoky</ex> rafters; <ex>smoky</ex> cells.</as></def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Suspicious; open to suspicion.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Foote.</au>
<cs><col>Smoky quartz</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of
quartz crystal of a pale to dark smoky-brown color. See
<er>Quartz</er>.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Smol"der</hw>, <hw>Smoul"der</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Smoldered</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Smouldered</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Smoldering</er> or
<er>Smouldering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>smolderen</ets>; cf. Prov. G. <ets>sm\'94len</ets>,
<ets>smelen</ets>, D. <ets>smeulen</ets>. Cf.
<er>Smell</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To burn and smoke without
flame; to waste away by a slow and supressed combustion.</def>
<q>The <qex>smoldering</qex> dust did round about him smoke.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exist in a state of suppressed or smothered
activity; to burn inwardly; <as>as, a <ex>smoldering</ex>
feud</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Smol"der</hw>, <hw>Smoul"der</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To smother; to suffocate; to choke.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holinshed. Palsgrave.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Smol"der</hw>, <hw>Smoul"der</hw>, }</mhw>
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Smoke; smother.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>smolder</qex> stops our nose with stench.</q>
<qau>Gascoigne.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Smol"der*ing</hw>, <hw>Smoul"der*ing</hw>, }</mhw>
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Being in a state of suppressed activity; quiet
but not dead.</def>
<q>Some evil chance
Will make the <qex>smoldering</qex> scandal break and blaze.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Smol"der*ing*ness</hw>, <hw>Smoul"der*ing*ness</hw>
}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of
smoldering.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Smol"dry</hw>, <hw>Smoul"dry</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Smoldering; suffocating;
smothery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A flaming fire ymixt with <qex>smoldry</qex> smoke.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Smolt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A young salmon two or three years old, when it has acquired
its silvery color.</def>
<hw>Smooch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Smutch</er>.</def>
<-- 2. To kiss; to neck; to pet. -->
<-- Smooch, n. a kiss. -->
<hw>Smoor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>smorian</ets>; akin to D. & LG. <ets>smoren</ets>, G.
<ets>schmoren</ets> to stew. Cf. <er>Smother</er>.]</ety> <def>To
suffocate or smother.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>smore</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. More. Burns.</au>
<hw>Smooth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Smoother</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Smoothest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>smothe</ets>, <ets>smethe</ets>, AS.
<ets>sm<emac/<edh/e</ets>, <ets>sm<oe/<edt/e</ets>, where <emac/,
<oe/, come from an older <omac/; cf. LG. <ets>sm\'94de</ets>,
<ets>sm\'94e</ets>, <ets>sm\'94dig</ets>; of uncertain
origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having an even surface, or a
surface so even that no roughness or points can be perceived by
the touch; not rough; <as>as, <ex>smooth</ex> glass;
<ex>smooth</ex> porcelain.</as></def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>The outlines must be <qex>smooth</qex>, imperceptible to the
touch, and even, without eminence or cavities.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Evenly spread or arranged; sleek; <as>as,
<ex>smooth</ex> hair</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Gently flowing; moving equably; not ruffled or
obstructed; <as>as, a <ex>smooth</ex> stream</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Flowing or uttered without check, obstruction,
or hesitation; not harsh; voluble; even; fluent.</def>
<q>The only <qex>smooth</qex> poet of those times.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Waller was <qex>smooth</qex>; but Dryden taught to join
The varying verse, the full-resounding line.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>When sage Minerva rose,
From her sweet lips <qex>smooth</qex> elocution flows.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Bland; mild; smoothing; fattering.</def>
<q>This <qex>smooth</qex> discourse and mild behavior oft
Conceal a traitor.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mech. & Physics)</fld> <def>Causing no
resistance to a body sliding along its surface;
frictionless.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Smooth</xex> is often used in the formation of
selfexplaining compounds; as, <xex>smooth</xex>-bodied,
<xex>smooth</xex>-browed, <xex>smooth</xex>-combed,
<xex>smooth</xex>-faced, <xex>smooth</xex>-finished,
<xex>smooth</xex>-gliding, <xex>smooth</xex>-grained,
<xex>smooth</xex>-leaved, <xex>smooth</xex>-sliding,
<xex>smooth</xex>-speaking, <xex>smooth</xex>-woven, and the
like.</note>
<syn>Syn. -- Even; plain; level; flat; polished; glossy; sleek;
soft; bland; mild; soothing; voluble; flattering; adulatory;
deceptive.</syn>
<hw>Smooth</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Smoothly.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q><qex>Smooth</qex> runs the water where the brook is deep.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Smooth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of making
smooth; a stroke which smooths.</def>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is smooth; the smooth part of
anything.</def> \'bdThe <xex>smooth</xex> of his neck.\'b8
<au>Gen. xxvii. 16.</au>
<hw>Smooth</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Smoothed</er> <pr>(sm<oomac/thd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &
vb. n.</pos> <er>Smoothing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>smothen</ets>, <ets>smethen</ets>, AS.
<ets>sm<emac/<edh/ian</ets>; cf. LG. <ets>sm\'94den</ets>. See
<er>Smooth</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To make smooth; to
make even on the surface by any means; <as>as, to <ex>smooth</ex>
a board with a plane; to <ex>smooth</ex> cloth with an
iron.</as></def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To free from obstruction; to make easy</def>.
<q>Thou, Abelard! the last sad office pay,
And <qex>smooth</qex> my passage to the realms of day.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To free from harshness; to make flowing</def>.
<q>In their motions harmony divine
So <qex>smooths</qex> her charming tones that God's own ear
Listens delighted.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To palliate; to gloze; <as>as, to
<ex>smooth</ex> over a fault</as></def>.
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To give a smooth or calm appearance to</def>.
<q>Each perturbation <qex>smoothed</qex> with outward calm.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To ease; to regulate</def>.
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Smooth</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To flatter; to use
blandishment.</def>
<q>Because I can not flatter and speak fair,
Smile in men's faces, <qex>smooth</qex>, deceive and cog.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Smooth"bore`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>Having a bore of perfectly smooth surface;
-- distinguished from <xex>rifled</xex>.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A smoothbore firearm.</def></def2>
<hw>Smooth"-chinned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
a smooth chin; beardless.</def>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Smooth"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make
smooth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Smooth"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, smooths.</def>
<hw>Smooth"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>fr. <er>Smooth</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Smoothing iron</col>, <cd>an iron instrument with a
polished face, for smoothing clothes; a sadiron; a flatiron.</cd>
-- <col>Smoothing plane</col>, <cd>a short, finely set plane, for
smoothing and finishing work.</cd></cs>
<hw>Smooth"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a smooth
manner.</def>
<hw>Smooth"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being smooth.</def>
<hw>Smooth"-spo`ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Speaking smoothly; plausible; flattering;
smooth-tongued.</def>
<hw>Smooth"-tongued`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
a smooth tongue; plausible; flattering.</def>
<hw>Smore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To smother.
See <er>Smoor</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Some dying vomit blood, and some were <qex>smored</qex>.</q>
<qau>Du Bartas.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Smor*zan"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>\'d8Smor*sa"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Growing gradually fainter
and softer; dying away; morendo.</def>
<hw>Smote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. (<and/ rare p.
p.)</pos> of <er>Smite</er>.</def>
<hw>Smo"ter*lich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[CF.
<er>Smut</er>.]</ety> <def>Dirty foul.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Smoth"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Smothered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Smothering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>smotheren</ets>;
akin to E. <ets>smoor</ets>. See <er>Smoor</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To destroy the life of by suffocation; to
deprive of the air necessary for life; to cover up closely so as
to prevent breathing; to suffocate; <as>as, to <ex>smother</ex> a
child</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To affect as by suffocation; to stife; to
deprive of air by a thick covering, as of ashes, of smoke, or the
like; <as>as, to <ex>smother</ex> a fire</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, to repress the action of; to cover from
public view; to suppress; to conceal; <as>as, to <ex>smother</ex>
one's displeasure</as>.</def>
<hw>Smoth"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be
suffocated or stifled.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To burn slowly, without sufficient air; to
smolder.</def>
<hw>Smoth"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>smorther</ets>.
See <er>Smother</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Stifling smoke; thick dust.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state of suppression.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Not to keep their suspicions in <qex>smother</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<cs><col>Smother fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an
aphid.</cd></cs>
<hw>Smoth"er*i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being smothery.</def>
<hw>Smoth"er*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a smothering
manner.</def>
<hw>Smoth"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to
smother; stifling.</def>
<hw>Smouch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Akin to
<ets>smack</ets>.]</ety> <def>To kiss closely.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>P. Stubbes.</au>
<hw>Smouch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Smutch</er>.]</ety> <def>To smutch; to soil; <as>as, to
<ex>smouch</ex> the face</as>.</def>
<hw>Smouch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dark soil or stain; a
smutch.</def>
<hw>Smoul"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Smolder</er>.</def>
<hw>Smoul"dry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Smoldry</er>.</def>
<hw>Smudge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.
<ets>smuds</ets> smut, E. <ets>smutch</ets>, or
<ets>smoke</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A suffocating
smoke.</def>
<au>Grose.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A heap of damp combustibles partially ignited
and burning slowly, placed on the windward side of a house, tent,
or the like, in order, by the thick smoke, to keep off mosquitoes
or other insects.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is smeared upon anything; a stain; a
blot; a smutch; a smear.</def>
<-- smudge pot, a device containing combustibles which burns
smokily, used by farmers to inhibit damage to crops caused by
frost. -->
<hw>Smudge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Smudged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Smudging</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
stifle or smother with smoke; to smoke by means of a
smudge.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To smear; to smutch; to soil; to blacken with
smoke.</def>
<hw>Smudg"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being smudged, soiled, or blurred.</def>
<au>C. A. Young.</au>
<hw>Smug</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Of. Scand. or Low
German origin; cf. LG. <ets>smuck</ets>, G. <ets>schmuck</ets>,
Dan. <ets>smuk</ets>, OSw. <ets>smuck</ets>, <ets>sm\'94ck</ets>,
and E. <ets>smock</ets>, <ets>smuggle</ets>; cf. G.
<ets>schmuck</ets> ornament. See <er>Smock</er>.]</ety>
<def>Studiously neat or nice, especially in dress; spruce;
affectedly precise; smooth and prim.</def>
<q>They be so <qex>smug</qex> and smooth.</q>
<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>
<q>The <qex>smug</qex> and scanty draperies of his style.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<q>A young, <qex>smug</qex>, handsome holiness has no fellow.</q>
<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>
<hw>Smug</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Smugged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Smugging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make smug, or
spruce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Thus said, he <qex>smugged</qex> his beard, and stroked up
fair.</q>
<qau>Dryton.</qau>
<hw>Smug"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Smuggled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Smuggling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of Low German or Scand. origin;
cf. LG. <ets>smuggeln</ets>, D. <ets>smokkelen</ets>, G.
<ets>schmuggeln</ets>, Dan. <ets>smugle</ets>, Sw.
<ets>smyga</ets> to introduce or convey secretly, Dan. <ets>i
smug</ets> secretly, D. <ets>smuigen</ets> to eat in secret, AS.
<ets>sm</ets><?/<ets>gan</ets> to creep. See
<er>Smock</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To import or export
secretly, contrary to the law; to import or export without paying
the duties imposed by law; <as>as, to <ex>smuggle</ex>
lace</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To convey or introduce
clandestinely.</def>
<hw>Smug"gle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To import or export in
violation of the customs laws.</def>
<hw>Smug"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who smuggles.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel employed in smuggling.</def>
<hw>Smug"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a smug manner.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Gay.</au>
<hw>Smug"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being smug.</def>
<hw>Smut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to Sw.
<ets>smuts</ets>, Dan. <ets>smuds</ets>, MHG. <ets>smuz</ets>, G.
<ets>schmutz</ets>, D. <ets>smet</ets> a spot or stain,
<ets>smoddig</ets>, <ets>smodsig</ets>, <ets>smodderig</ets>,
dirty, <ets>smodderen</ets> to smut; and probably to E.
<ets>smite</ets>. See <er>Smite</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Smitt</er>, <er>Smutch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Foul
matter, like soot or coal dust; also, a spot or soil made by such
matter.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Bad, soft coal, containing
much earthy matter, found in the immediate locality of
faults.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An affection of cereal grains
producing a swelling which is at length resolved into a powdery
sooty mass. It is caused by parasitic fungi of the genus
<spn>Ustilago</spn>. <spn>Ustilago segetum</spn>, or <spn>U.
Carbo</spn>, is the commonest kind; that of Indian corn is
<spn>Ustilago maydis</spn>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Obscene language; ribaldry; obscenity.</def>
<q>He does not stand upon decency . . . but will talk
<qex>smut</qex>, <qex>though a priest and his mother be in the
room</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<cs><col>Smut mill</col>, <cd>a machine for cleansing grain from
smut.</cd></cs>
<hw>Smut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Smutted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Smutting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To stain or mark with smut; to blacken with coal, soot, or
other dirty substance.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To taint with mildew, as grain.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To blacken; to sully or taint; to tarnish.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To clear of smut; <as>as, to <ex>smut</ex> grain
for the mill</as>.</def>
<hw>Smut</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To gather smut;
to be converted into smut; to become smutted.</def>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give off smut; to crock.</def>
<hw>Smutch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. for
<ets>smuts</ets>. See <er>Smut</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A
stain; a dirty spot.</def>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Smutch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Smutched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Smutching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To blacken with
smoke, soot, or coal.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>smooch</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Smutch"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Snuff.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Smut"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Smuttier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Smuttiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Soiled with smut; smutted.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tainted with mildew; <as>as, <ex>smutty</ex>
corn</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Obscene; not modest or pure; <as>as, a
<ex>smutty</ex> saying</as>.</def>
<q>The <qex>smutty</qex> joke, ridiculously lewd.</q>
<qau>Smollett.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Smut"ti*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
-- <wf>Smut"ti*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Smyr"ni*ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Smyrna.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native
or inhabitant of Smyrna.</def></def2>
<hw>Snack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Snatch</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
share; a part or portion; -- obsolete, except in the colloquial
phrase, <cref>to go snacks</cref>, i. e., to share.</def>
<q>At last he whispers, \'bdDo, and we <qex>go
snacks</qex>.\'b8</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A slight, hasty repast.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Snack"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Snecket</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Snac"ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Said to be
corrupted fr. NL. <ets>syngnathus</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>sy`n</grk>
together + <grk>gna`qos</grk> jaw, because the jaws can be only
slightly separated.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pipefish
of the genus <spn>Syngnathus</spn>. See <er>Pipefish</er>.</def>
<hw>Snaf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>snavel</ets> a beak, bill, snout; akin to G.
<ets>schnabel</ets>, OHG. <ets>snabul</ets>,. <ets>sneb</ets>,
<ets>snebbe</ets>, OFries. <ets>snavel</ets> mouth, Dan. & Sw.
<ets>snabel</ets> beak, bill, Lith. <ets>snapas</ets>, and to E.
<ets>snap</ets>, v. See <er>Snap</er>, and cf.
<er>Neb</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of bridle bit, having a joint in
the part to be placed in the mouth, and rings and cheek pieces at
the ends, but having no curb; -- called also <altname>snaffle
bit</altname>.</def>
<hw>Snaf"fle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Snaffled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Snaffling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
put a snaffle in the mouth of; to subject to the snaffle; to
bridle.</def>
<hw>Snag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E., n., a
lump on a tree where a branch has been cut off; v., to cut off
the twigs and small branches from a tree, of Celtic origin; cf.
Gael. <ets>snaigh</ets>, <ets>snaidh</ets>, to cut down, to
prune, to sharpen, p. p. <ets>snaighte</ets>,
<ets>snaidhte</ets>, cut off, lopped, Ir. <ets>snaigh</ets> a
hewing, cutting.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stump or base of a
branch that has been lopped off; a short branch, or a sharp or
rough branch; a knot; a protuberance.</def>
<q>The coat of arms
Now on a naked <qex>snag</qex> in triumph borne.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tooth projecting beyond the rest;
contemptuously, a broken or decayed tooth.</def>
<au>Prior.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A tree, or a branch of a tree, fixed in the
bottom of a river or other navigable water, and rising nearly or
quite to the surface, by which boats are sometimes pierced and
sunk.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the secondary
branches of an antler.</def>
<-- 5. Any sharp protuberant part of an object, which may catch,
scratch, or tear other objects brought into contact with it. -->
<cs><col>Snag boat</col>, <cd>a steamboat fitted with apparatus
for removing snags and other obstructions in navigable
streams.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Snag tooth</col>.
<cd>Same as <er>Snag</er>, 2.</cd></cs>
<q>How thy <qex>snag teeth</qex> stand orderly,
Like stakes which strut by the water side.</q>
<qau>J. Cotgrave.</qau>
<hw>Snag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Snagged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Snagging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To cut the snags or branches from, as the stem of a tree; to
hew roughly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To injure or destroy, as a steamboat or other
vessel, by a snag, or projecting part of a sunken tree.</def>
<mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<-- 3. To catch on a snag{5}.
4. (Fig.) To obtain by a quick action, as though by
snagging{3} something passing by; -- often used of an
opportunistic or fortunate action. -->
<hw>Snag"ged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of snags;
snaggy.</def>
<hw>Snag"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Full of snags; full of short, rough branches or sharp
points; abounding with knots.</def> \'bdUpon a <xex>snaggy</xex>
oak.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Snappish; cross; ill-tempered.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Snail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>snaile</ets>, AS. <ets>sn<?/gel</ets>, <ets>snegel</ets>,
<ets>sn<?/gl</ets>; akin to G. <ets>schnecke</ets>, OHG.
<ets>snecko</ets>, Dan. <ets>snegl</ets>, Icel.
<ets>snigill</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of numerous species of terrestrial
air-breathing gastropods belonging to the genus Helix and many
allied genera of the family <spn>Helicid\'91</spn>. They are
abundant in nearly all parts of the world except the arctic
regions, and feed almost entirely on vegetation; a land
sanil.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any gastropod having a general
resemblance to the true snails, including fresh-water and marine
species. See <cref>Pond snail</cref>, under <er>Pond</er>, and
<er>Sea snail</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a drone; a slow-moving person or
thing.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A spiral cam, or a flat piece
of metal of spirally curved outline, used for giving motion to,
or changing the position of, another part, as the hammer tail of
a striking clock.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A tortoise; in ancient warfare, a movable roof
or shed to protect besiegers; a testudo.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They had also all manner of gynes [engines] . . . that needful
is [in] taking or sieging of castle or of city, as
<qex>snails</qex>, that was naught else but hollow pavises and
targets, under the which men, when they fought, were heled
[protected], . . . as the <qex>snail</qex> is in his house;
therefore they cleped them <qex>snails</qex>.</q>
<qau>Vegetius (Trans.).</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pod of the sanil
clover.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Ear snail</col>, <col>Edible snail</col>,
<col>Pond snail</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Ear</er>,
<er>Edible</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Snail borer</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a boring univalve mollusk; a
drill.</cd> -- <col>Snail clover</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
cloverlike plant (<spn>Medicago scuttellata</spn>, also, <spn>M.
Helix</spn>); -- so named from its pods, which resemble the
shells of snails; -- called also <altname>snail
trefoil</altname>, <altname>snail medic</altname>, and
<altname>beehive</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Snail flower</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leguminous plant (<spn>Phaseolus
Caracalla</spn>) having the keel of the carolla spirally coiled
like a snail shell.</cd> -- <col>Snail shell</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the shell of snail.</cd> -- <col>Snail
trefoil</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Snail
clover</cref>, above.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snail"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sea snail</er>
<sd>(a)</sd>.</def>
<-- p. 1361 -->
<hw>Snail"-like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like or
suiting a snail; <as>as, <ex>snail-like</ex> progress</as>.</def>
<hw>Snail"-like`</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a
snail; slowly.</def>
<hw>Snail"-paced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Slow-moving, like a snail.</def>
<q>Bid the <qex>snail-paced</qex> Ajax arm for shame.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>'Snails</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>God's
nails, or His nails, that is, the nails with which the Savior was
fastened to the cross; -- an ancient form of oath, corresponding
to '<xex>Od's bodikins</xex> (dim. of <xex>body</xex>, i.e.,
God's dear body).</def>
<au>Beau & Fl.</au>
<hw>Snake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>snaca</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>snake</ets>,
<ets>schnake</ets>, Icel. <ets>sn\'bekr</ets>,
<ets>sn<?/kr</ets>, Dan. <ets>snog</ets>, Sw. <ets>snok</ets>; of
uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species
of the order Ophidia; an ophidian; a serpent, whether harmless or
venomous. See <er>Ophidia</er>, and <er>Serpent</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ Snakes are abundant in all warm countries, and much
the larger number are harmless to man.</note>
<cs><mcol><col>Blind snake</col>, <col>Garter snake</col>,
<col>Green snake</col>, <col>King snake</col>, <col>Milk
snake</col>, <col>Rock snake</col>, <col>Water
snake</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Blind</er>,
<er>Garter</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fetich snake</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large African snake (<spn>Python
Seb\'91</spn>) used by the natives as a fetich.</cd> --
<col>Ringed snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common
European columbrine snake (<spn>Tropidonotus natrix</spn>).</cd>
-- <col>Snake eater</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>The markhoor</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The secretary bird.</cd>
-- <col>Snake fence</col>, <cd>a worm fence (which see).</cd>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Snake fly</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of
neuropterous insects of the genus <spn>Rhaphidia</spn>; -- so
called because of their large head and elongated neck and
prothorax.</cd> -- <col>Snake gourd</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a cucurbitaceous plant (<spn>Trichosanthes anguina</spn>)
having the fruit shorter and less snakelike than that of the
serpent cucumber.</cd> -- <col>Snake killer</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The secretary bird</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The chaparral cock.</cd> -- <col>Snake
moss</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common club moss
(<spn>Lycopodium clavatum</spn>). See <er>Lycopodium</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Snake nut</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fruit of a
sapindaceous tree (<spn>Ophiocaryon paradoxum</spn>) of Guiana,
the embryo of which resembles a snake coiled up.</cd> --
<col>Tree snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
numerous species of colubrine snakes which habitually live in
trees, especially those of the genus <spn>Dendrophis</spn> and
allied genera.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snake</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Snaked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Snaking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To drag or draw,
as a snake from a hole; -- often with <xex>out</xex>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To wind round spirally, as a
large rope with a smaller, or with cord, the small rope lying in
the spaces between the strands of the large one; to worm.</def>
<hw>Snake</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To crawl like a
snake.</def>
<hw>Snake"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So named
from its snakelike neck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Any one of four species of aquatic birds of the genus
<spn>Anhinga</spn> or <spn>Plotus</spn>. They are allied to the
gannets and cormorants, but have very long, slender, flexible
necks, and sharp bills.</def>
<note><hand/ The American species (<spn>Anhinga, <or/ Plotus,
anhinga</spn>) inhabits the Southern United States and tropical
America; -- called also <altname>darter</altname>, and
<altname>water turkey</altname>. The Asiatic species (<spn>A.
melanogaster</spn>) is native of Southern Asia and the East
Indies. Two other species inhabit Africa and Australia
respectively.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wryneck.</def>
<hw>Snake"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The band fish.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lizard fish.</def>
<hw>Snake"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A loose, bent-up end of one of the strap rails, or flat
rails, formerly used on American railroads. It was sometimes so
bent by the passage of a train as to slip over a wheel and pierce
the bottom of a car.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
turtlehead.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Guinea-hen flower. See
<er>Snake's-head</er>, and under <er>Guinea</er>.</def>
<hw>Snake"neck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The snakebird, 1.</def>
<hw>Snake"root`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any one of several plants of different
genera and species, most of which are (or were formerly) reputed
to be efficacious as remedies for the bites of serpents; also,
the roots of any of these.</def>
<note><hand/ The Virginia snakeroot is <spn>Aristolochia
Serpentaria</spn>; black snakeroot is <spn>Sanicula</spn>, esp.
<spn>S. Marilandica</spn>, also <spn>Cimicifuga racemosa</spn>;
Seneca snakeroot is <spn>Polygala Senega</spn>; button snakeroot
is <spn>Liatris</spn>, also <spn>Eryngium</spn>; white snakeroot
is <spn>Eupatorium ageratoides</spn>. The name is also applied to
some others besides these.</note>
<hw>Snake's"-head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Guinea-hen flower; -- so called in
England because its spotted petals resemble the scales of a
snake's head.</def>
<au>Dr. Prior.</au>
<cs><col>Snake's-head iris</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an
iridaceous plant (<spn>Hermodactylus tuberosus</spn>) of the
Mediterranean region. The flowers slightly resemble a serpent's
open mouth.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snake"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A kind of hone slate or whetstone obtained in
Scotland.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An ammonite; -- so called
from its form, which resembles that of a coiled snake.</def>
<hw>Snake's-tongue`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Adder's-tongue</er>.</def>
<hw>Snake"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of knotweed
(<spn>Polygonum Bistorta</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
Virginia snakeroot. See <er>Snakeroot</er>.</def>
<hw>Snake"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An East Indian climbing plant
(<spn>Strychnos colubrina</spn>) having a bitter taste, and
supposed to be a remedy for the bite of the hooded serpent.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An East Indian climbing shrub (<spn>Ophioxylon
serpentinum</spn>) which has the roots and stems twisted so as to
resemble serpents.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Same as
<er>Trumpetwood</er>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A tropical American
shrub (<spn>Plumieria rubra</spn>) which has very fragrant red
blossoms.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Same as
<er>Letterwood</er>.</def>
<hw>Snak"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the
qualities or characteristics of a snake; snaky.</def>
<hw>Snak"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of
or pertaining to a snake or snakes; resembling a snake;
serpentine; winding.</def>
<q>The red light playing upon its gilt and carving gave it an
appearance of <qex>snaky</qex> life.</q>
<qau>L. Wallace.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sly; cunning; insinuating; deceitful.</def>
<q>So to the coast of Jordan he directs
His easy steps, girded with <qex>snaky</qex> wiles.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Covered with serpents; having serpents; <as>as,
a <ex>snaky</ex> rod or wand</as>.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>That <qex>snaky</qex>-headed, Gorgon shield.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Snap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Snapped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Snapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LG. or D.
<ets>snappen</ets> to snap up, to snatch; akin to G.
<ets>schnappen</ets>, MHG. <ets>snaben</ets>, Dan.
<ets>snappe</ets>, and to D. <ets>snavel</ets> beak, bill. Cf.
<er>Neb</er>, <er>Snaffle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To break at once; to break short, as substances that are
brittle.</def>
<q>Breaks the doors open, <qex>snaps</qex> the locks.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike, to hit, or to shut, with a sharp
sound.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bite or seize suddenly, especially with the
teeth.</def>
<q>He, by playing too often at the mouth of death, has been
<qex>snapped</qex> by it at last.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To break upon suddenly with sharp, angry words;
to treat snappishly; -- usually with <xex>up</xex>.</def>
<au>Granville.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To crack; to cause to make a sharp, cracking
noise; <as>as, to <ex>snap</ex> a whip</as>.</def>
<q>MacMorian <qex>snapped</qex> his fingers repeatedly.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To project with a snap.</def>
<cs><col>To snap back</col> <fld>(Football)</fld>, <cd>to roll
the ball back with the foot; -- done only by the center rush, who
thus delivers the ball to the quarter back on his own side when
both sides are ranged in line.</cd><-- now passed back with the
hands, but still called "snap" --> -- <col>To snap off</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To break suddenly</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To bite
off suddenly.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snap</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To break short,
or at once; to part asunder suddenly; <as>as, a mast
<ex>snaps</ex>; a needle <ex>snaps</ex></as>.</def>
<q>But this weapon will <qex>snap</qex> short, unfaithful to the
hand that employs it.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give forth, or produce, a sharp, cracking
noise; to crack; <as>as, blazing firewood
<ex>snaps</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make an effort to bite; to aim to seize with
the teeth; to catch eagerly (at anything); -- often with
<xex>at</xex>; <as>as, a dog <ex>snaps</ex>at a passenger; a fish
<ex>snaps</ex> at the bait.</as></def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To utter sharp, harsh, angry words; -- often
with <xex>at</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>snap</ex> at a
child</as>.</def><-- usu. impulsively and as a quick reaction to
some perceived provocation -->
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To miss fire; <as>as, the gun
<ex>snapped</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Snap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>snap</ets> a
snatching. See <er>Snap</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A sudden breaking or rupture of any substance.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden, eager bite; a sudden seizing, or
effort to seize, as with the teeth.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sudden, sharp motion or blow, as with the
finger sprung from the thumb, or the thumb from the finger.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sharp, abrupt sound, as that made by the crack
of a whip; <as>as, the <ex>snap</ex> of the trigger of a
gun</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A greedy fellow.</def>
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>That which is, or may be, snapped up; something
bitten off, seized, or obtained by a single quick movement;
hence, a bite, morsel, or fragment; a scrap.</def>
<q>He's a nimble fellow,
And alike skilled in every liberal science,
As having certain <qex>snaps</qex> of all.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A sudden severe interval or spell; -- applied to
the weather; <as>as, a cold <ex>snap</ex></as>.</def>
<-- but not a heat snap -->
<au>Lowell.</au>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>A small catch or fastening held or closed by
means of a spring, or one which closes with a snapping sound, as
the catch of a bracelet, necklace, clasp of a book, etc.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A snap beetle.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>A thin, crisp cake, usually small, and flavored
with ginger; -- used chiefly in the plural.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>Briskness; vigor; energy; decision.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>Any circumstance out of which money may be made
or an advantage gained.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<-- (Footbale) The action of snapping the ball back, from the
center usu. to the quarterback, which commences the play (down),
and, if the clock had stopped, restarts the timer clock; snap
back. -->
<cs><col>Snap back</col> <fld>(Football)</fld>, <cd>the act of
snapping back the ball.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Snap beetle</col>,
<or/ <col>Snap bug</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any
beetle of the family <spn>Elaterid\'91</spn>, which, when laid on
its back, is able to leap to a considerable height by means of a
thoracic spring; -- called also <cref>snapping
beetle</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Snap flask</col>
<fld>(Molding)</fld>, <cd>a flask for small work, having its
sides separable and held together by latches, so that the flask
may be removed from around the sand mold.</cd> -- <col>Snap
judgment</col>, <cd>a judgment formed on the instant without
deliberation.</cd> -- <col>Snap lock</col>, <cd>a lock shutting
with a catch or snap.</cd> -- <col>Snap riveting</col>,
<cd>riveting in which the rivets have snapheads formed by a die
or swaging tool.</cd> -- <col>Snap shot</col>, <cd>a quick
offhand shot, without deliberately taking aim.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snap"drag`on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any plant of the
scrrophulariaceous genus <spn>Antirrhinum</spn>, especially the
cultivated <spn>A. majus</spn>, whose showy flowers are
fancifully likened to the face of a dragon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A West Indian herb (<spn>Ruellia tuberosa</spn>) with
curiously shaped blue flowers.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A play in which raisins are snatched from a
vessel containing burning brandy, and eaten; also, that which is
so eaten. See <er>Flapdragon</er>.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Snape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>To bevel the end of a timber to
fit against an inclined surface.</def>
<hw>Snap"hance`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>snaphaan</ets> a gun, originally, the snapping cock of a
gun. See <er>Snap</er>, and <er>Hen</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A spring lock for discharging a firearm; also, the firearm
to which it is attached.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trifling or second-rate thing or person.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Snap"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
hemispherical or rounded head to a rivet or bolt; also, a swaging
tool with a cavity in its face for forming such a rounded
head.</def>
<hw>Snap"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, snaps; <as>as, a <ex>snapper</ex> up
of trifles; the <ex>snapper</ex> of a whip.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species
of large sparoid food fishes of the genus <spn>Lutjanus</spn>,
abundant on the southern coasts of the United States and on both
coasts of tropical America.</def>
<note><hand/ The red snapper (<spn>Lutjanus aya, <or/
Blackfordi</spn>) and the gray, or mangrove, snapper (<spn>L.
griseus</spn>) are large and abundant species. The name is
loosely applied to various other fishes, as the bluefish, the
rosefish, the red grouper, etc. See <er>Rosefish</er>.</note>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A snapping turtle; <as>as,
the alligator <ex>snapper</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The green woodpecker, or
yaffle.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A snap beetle.</def>
<hw>Snap"ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from
<er>Snap</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Snapping beetle</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Snap beetle</cref>, under <er>Snap</er>.</cd> --
<col>Snapping turtle</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>A large and voracious aquatic turtle (<spn>Chelydra
serpentina</spn>) common in the fresh waters of the United
States; -- so called from its habit of seizing its prey by a snap
of its jaws</cd>. Called also <altname>mud turtle</altname>.
<sd>(b)</sd> See <cref>Alligator snapper</cref>, under
<er>Alligator</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snap"pish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Apt to snap at persons or things; eager to bite; <as>as, a
<ex>snapping</ex> cur</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sharp in reply; apt to speak angrily or testily;
easily provoked; tart; peevish.</def>
<q>The taunting address of a <qex>snappish</qex>
missanthrope.</q>
<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Snap"pish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Snap"pish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Snap"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Snappish.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Snap"sack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw.
<ets>snapps\'84ck</ets>, G. <ets>schnappsack</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
knapsack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Snap"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Impatiens</er>.</def>
<hw>Snar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Akin to LG. &
OD. <ets>snarren</ets>, G. <ets>schnarren</ets>, E.
<ets>snore</ets>. See <er>Snore</er>, and cf. <er>Snarl</er> to
growl.]</ety> <def>To snarl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Snare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>snear</ets>a cord, a string; akin to D. <ets>snoer</ets>, G.
<ets>schnur</ets>, OHG. <ets>snour</ets> a cord,
<ets>snarahha</ets> a noose, Dan. <ets>snare</ets>, Sw. & Icel.
<ets>snara</ets>, Goth. <ets>sn<?/rj<?/</ets> a basket; and
probably also to E. <ets>needle</ets>. See <er>Needle</er>, and
cf. <er>Snarl</er> to entangle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
contrivance, often consisting of a noose of cord, or the like, by
which a bird or other animal may be entangled and caught; a trap;
a gin.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, anything by which one is entangled and
brought into trouble.</def>
<q>If thou retire, the Dauphin, well appointed,
Stands with the <qex>snares</qex> of war to tangle thee.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The gut or string stretched across the lower
head of a drum.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument, consisting
usually of a wireloop or noose, for removing tumors, etc., by
avulsion.</def>
<cs><col>Snare drum</col>, <cd>the smaller common military drum,
as distinguished from the <xex>bass drum<xex>; -- so called
because (in order to render it more resonant) it has stretched
across its lower head a catgut string or strings.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snare</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Snared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Snaring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To catch with a snare; to
insnare; to entangle; hence, to bring into unexpected evil,
perplexity, or danger.</def>
<q>Lest that too heavenly form . . . <qex>snare</qex> them.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>The mournful crocodile
With sorrow <qex>snares</qex> relenting passengers.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Snar"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who lays
snares, or entraps.</def>
<hw>Snarl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Snarled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vvb. n.</pos>
<er>Snarling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>
<def>To form raised work upon the outer surface of (thin metal
ware) by the repercussion of a snarling iron upon the inner
surface.</def>
<hw>Snarl</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Snare</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To entangle; to
complicate; to involve in knots; <as>as, to <ex>snarl</ex> a
skein of thread</as>.</def> \'bdHer <xex>snarled</xex> hair.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To embarrass; to insnare.</def>
<q>[The] question that they would have <qex>snarled</qex> him
with.</q>
<qau>Latimer.</qau>
<hw>Snarl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A knot or complication of
hair, thread, or the like, difficult to disentangle;
entanglement; hence, intricate complication; embarrassing
difficulty.</def>
<hw>Snarl</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Snar</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To growl, as an angry or surly dog; to gnarl; to
utter grumbling sounds.</def> \'bdAn angry cur <xex>snarls</xex>
while he feeds.\'b8
<au>Dryden & Lee.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To speak crossly; to talk in rude, surly
terms.</def>
<q>It is malicious and unmanly to <qex>snarl</qex> at the little
lapses of a pen, from which Virgil himself stands not
exempted.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Snarl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of snarling; a growl;
a surly or peevish expression; an angry contention.</def>
<hw>Snarl"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
snarls; a surly, growling animal; a grumbling, quarrelsome
fellow.</def>
<hw>Snarl"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes use of a
snarling iron.</def>
<hw>Snarl"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from <er>Snarl</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Snarling iron</col>, <cd>a tool with a long beak, used
in the process of snarling. When one end is held in a vise, and
the shank is struck with a hammer, the repercussion of the other
end, or beak, within the article worked upon gives the requisite
blow for producing raised work. See 1st <er>Snarl</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snar"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Snare</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling, or consisting of, snares;
entangling; insidious.</def>
<q>Spiders in the vault their <qex>snary</qex> webs have
spread.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Snast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Snite</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>The snuff, or burnt
wick, of a candle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Snatch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Snatched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Snatching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>snachen</ets>,
<ets>snechen</ets>; akin to D. <ets>snakken</ets> to gasp, to
long (for), to desire. Cf. <er>Snack</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
<er>Sneck</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take or seize hastily,
abruptly, or without permission or ceremony; <as>as, to
<ex>snatch</ex> a loaf or a kiss</as>.</def>
<q>When half our knowledge we must <qex>snatch</qex>, not
take.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To seize and transport away; to rap.</def>
\'bd<xex>Snatch</xex> me to heaven.\'b8
<au>Thomson.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- To twitch; pluck; grab; catch; grasp; gripe.</syn>
<hw>Snatch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To attempt to seize
something suddenly; to catch; -- often with <xex>at</xex>;
<as>as, to <ex>snatch</ex> at a rope</as>.</def>
<-- p. 1362 -->
<hw>Snatch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
hasty catching or seizing; a grab; a catching at, or attempt to
seize, suddenly.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A short period of vigorous action; <as>as, a
<ex>snatch</ex> at weeding after a shower</as>.</def>
<au>Tusser.</au>
<q>They move by fits and <qex>snatches</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bp. Wilkins.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small piece, fragment, or quantity; a broken
part; a scrap.</def>
<q>We have often little <qex>snatches</qex> of sunshine.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>
<q>Leave me your <qex>snatches</qex>, and yield me a direct
answer.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Snatch block</hw> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <def>a kind of block
with an opening in one side to receive the bight of a rope.</def>
<hw>Snatch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
snatches, or takes abruptly.</def>
<hw>Snatch"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By snatching;
abruptly.</def>
<hw>Snatch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>sn\'c6<?/an</ets> to cut, to mow, <ets>sn<?/d</ets> a bite,
bit snip.]</ety> <def>The handle of a scythe; a snead.</def>
<altsp>[Variously written in England <asp>snead</asp>,
<asp>sneed</asp>, <asp>sneath</asp>, <asp>sneeth</asp>,
<asp>snathe</asp>, etc.; in Scotland written
<asp>sned</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Snathe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>snei<?/a</ets> to cut into alices, <ets>sn\'c6<?/a</ets> to
cut; akin to AS. be<ets>sn<?/dan</ets>, <ets>sn\'c6<?/an</ets>,
G. <ets>schneiden</ets>, OHG. <ets>sn\'c6dan</ets>, Goth.
<ets>snei<?/an</ets> to cut, to reap, and E. <ets>snath</ets>,
<ets>snithe</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lop; to prune.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Snat"tock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Snathe</er>.]</ety> <def>A chip; a alice.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Gayton.</au>
<hw>Snaw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Snow.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>
<au>Burns.</au>
<hw>Snead</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Snatch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A snath.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A line or cord; a string.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sneak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sneaked</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sneaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sniken</ets>, AS.
<ets>sn\'c6can</ets> to creep; akin to Dan. <ets>snige sig</ets>;
cf. Icel. <ets>sn\'c6kja</ets> to hanker after.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To creep or steal (away or about) privately; to
come or go meanly, as a person afraid or ashamed to be seen;
<as>as, to <ex>sneak</ex> away from company</as>.</def>
<-- ? <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> "snuck" is more common now, but not
even mentioned here. In MW10, simply "sneaked or snuck" -->
<q>You skulked behind the fence, and <qex>sneaked</qex> away.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To act in a stealthy and cowardly manner; to
behave with meanness and servility; to crouch.</def>
<hw>Sneak</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To hide, esp. in a mean or
cowardly manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd[Slander]
<xex>sneaks</xex> its head.\'b8
<au>Wake.</au>
<hw>Sneak</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A mean, sneaking
fellow.</def>
<q>A set of simpletons and superstitious <qex>sneaks</qex>.</q>
<qau>Glanvill.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>A ball bowled so as to roll
along the ground; -- called also <altname>grub</altname>.</def>
<mark>[Cant]</mark>
<au>R. A. Proctor.</au>
<hw>Sneak"-cup`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sneaks from his cups; one who balks his glass.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sneak"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who sneaks.</def>
<au>Lamb.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel of drink.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<q>A <qex>sneaker</qex> of five gallons.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>
<-- A type of soft shoe with a flat, pliable, typically rubber
sole, and canvas-like upper, used in sports or for comfort. -->
<hw>Sneak"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality of being sneaky.</def>
<hw>Sneak"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked by cowardly
concealment; deficient in openness and courage; underhand; mean;
crouching. -- <wordforms><wf>Sneak"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
-- <wf>Sneak"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sneaks"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A paltry
fellow; a sneak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSuch a bashful
<xex>sneaksby</xex>.\'b8
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Sneak"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Like a sneak;
sneaking.</def>
<hw>Sneap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>sneypa</ets> to dishonor, disgrace, chide, but also E.
<ets>snip</ets>, and <ets>snub</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
check; to reprimand; to rebuke; to chide.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To nip; to blast; to blight.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Biron is like an envious, <qex>sneaping</qex> frost.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sneap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A reprimand; a rebuke.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>My lord, I will not undergo this <qex>sneap</qex> without
reply.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sneath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sneathe</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Snath</er>.</def>
<hw>Sneb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Snib</er>.]</ety> <def>To reprimand; to sneap.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdScold and <xex>sneb</xex> the good
oak.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sneck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Snatch</er>.]</ety> <def>To fasten by a hatch; to latch, as a
door.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<cs><col>Sneck up</col>, <cd>be silent; shut up; hold your
peace.</cd></cs>
<-- Obs or archaic? -->
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sneck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A door latch.</def>
<mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<cs><col>Sneck band</col>, <cd>a latchstring.</cd>
<au>Burns</au>. -- <col>Sneck drawer</col>, <cd>a latch lifter; a
bolt drawer; hence, a sly person; a cozener; a cheat; -- called
also <altname>sneckdraw</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sneck
drawing</col>, <cd>lifting the latch.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sneck"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A door latch,
or sneck.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To lop; to
snathe.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sneed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Snath</er>.</def>
<hw>Sneer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sneered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sneering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sneren</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sn<?/rre</ets> to snarl or grin (like a dog); cf. Prov. E.
<ets>sneer</ets> to grin, <ets>sner</ets> to snort,
<ets>snert</ets> to sneer at. See <er>Snore</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To show contempt by turning up
the nose, or by a particular facial expression.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inssinuate contempt by a covert expression;
to speak derisively.</def>
<q>I could be content to be a little <qex>sneared</qex> at.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To show mirth awkwardly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Tatler.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- To scoff; gibe; jeer.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Sneer</er>, <er>Scoff</er>, <er>Jeer</er>. The verb to
<xex>sneer</xex> implies to cast contempt indirectly or by covert
expressions. To <xex>jeer</xex> is stronger, and denotes the use
of several sarcastic reflections. To <xex>scoff</xex> is stronger
still, implying the use of insolent mockery and derision.</usage>
<q>And <qex>sneers</qex> as learnedly as they,
Like females o'er their morning tea.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<q>Midas, exposed to all their <qex>jeers</qex>,
Had lost his art, and kept his ears.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<q>The fop, with learning at defiance,
<qex>Scoffs</qex> at the pedant and science.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<hw>Sneer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter with a
grimace or contemptuous expression; to utter with a sneer; to say
sneeringly; <as>as, to <ex>sneer</ex> fulsome lies at a
person</as>.</def>
<au>Congreve.</au>
<q>\'bdA ship of fools,\'b8 he <qex>sneered</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To treat with sneers; to affect or move by
sneers.</def>
<q>Nor <qex>sneered</qex> nor bribed from virtue into shame.</q>
<qau>Savage.</qau>
<hw>Sneer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
sneering.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A smile, grin, or contortion of the face,
indicative of contempt; an indirect expression or insinuation of
contempt.</def> \'b8Who can refute a <xex>sneer</xex>?\'b8
<au>Raley.</au>
<hw>Sneer"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sneers.</def>
<hw>Sneer"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Given to
sneering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sneer"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sneering
manner.</def>
<hw>Sneeze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sneezed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sneezing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>snesen</ets>; of
uncertain origin; cf. D. <ets>snuse</ets> to sniff, E.
<ets>neese</ets>, and AS. <ets>fne\'a2san</ets>.]</ety> <def>To
emit air, chiefly through the nose, audibly and violently, by a
kind of involuntary convulsive force, occasioned by irritation of
the inner membrane of the nose.</def>
<cs><col>Not to be sneezed at</col>, <cd>not to be despised or
contemned; not to be treated lightly. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
\'bdHe had to do with old women who were <xex>not to be sneezed
at<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>
<au>Prof. Wilson.</au>
<hw>Sneeze</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sudden and violent ejection
of air with an audible sound, chiefly through the nose.</def>
<hw>Sneeze"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A yellow-flowered composite plant
(<spn>Helenium autumnale</spn>) the odor of which is said to
cause sneezing.</def>
<hw>Sneeze"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The wood of a South African tree. See
<er>Neishout</er>.</def>
<hw>Sneeze"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A European herbaceous plant (<spn>Achillea
Ptarmica</spn>) allied to the yarrow, having a strong, pungent
smell.</def>
<hw>Sneez"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The
act of violently forcing air out through the nasal passages while
the cavity of the mouth is shut off from the pharynx by the
approximation of the soft palate and the base of the
tongue.</def>
<hw>Snell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>snell</ets>; akin to D. <ets>snel</ets>, G.
<ets>schnell</ets>, OHG. <ets>snel</ets>, Icel.
<ets>snjallr</ets> valiant.]</ety> <def>Active; brisk; nimble;
quick; sharp.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<q>That horny-handed, <qex>snell</qex>, peremptory little
man.</q>
<qau>Dr. J. Brown.</qau>
<hw>Snell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A short line of horsehair,
gut, etc., by which a fishhook is attached to a longer
line.</def>
<hw>Snet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>schnitt</ets> that which is cut, fr. <ets>schneiden</ets> to
cut, E. <ets>snath</ets>.]</ety> <def>The fat of a deer.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Snet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Snot</er>.]</ety>
<def>The clear of mucus; to blow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Snetting</xex> his nose.\'b8
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Snew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To snow; to
abound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>It <qex>snewed</qex> in his house of meat and drink.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Snib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>snibben</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>snibbe</ets>, and E.
<ets>snub</ets>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To check; to sneap;
to sneb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Him would he <qex>snib</qex> sharply for the nones.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Snib</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A reprimand; a snub.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Marston.</au>
<hw>Snick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.
<ets>snick</ets> a notch; cf. Icel. <ets>snikka</ets> nick,
cut.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small cut or mark.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>A slight hit or tip of the
ball, often unintentional.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Fiber)</fld> <def>A knot or irregularity in
yarn.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Furriery)</fld> <def>A snip or cut, as in the
hair of a beast.</def>
<cs><col>Snick and snee</col> <ety>[cf. D. <ets>snee<ets>,
<ets>snede<ets>, a cut]</ety>, <cd>a combat with knives.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>
<au>Wiseman.</au>
<hw>Snick</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Snicked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Snicking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut
slightly; to strike, or strike off, as by cutting.</def>
<au>H. Kingsley.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>To hit (a ball)
lightly.</def>
<au>R. A. Proctor.</au>
<hw>Snick</hw>, <pos>n. & v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sneck</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<cs><col>Snick up</col>, <cd>shut up; silenced. See <xex>Sneck
up</xex>, under <er>Sneck</er>.</cd>
<q>Give him money, George, and let him go <qex>snick
up</qex>.</q>
<qau>Beau & Fl.</qau>
</cs>
<hw>Snick"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Snickered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Snickering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>snikken</ets>
to sob, to sigh.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>snigger</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To laugh slyly; to
laugh in one's sleeve.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To laugh with audible catches of voice, as when
persons attempt to suppress loud laughter.</def>
<hw>Snick"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A half suppressed, broken
laugh.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>snigger</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Snide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tricky;
deceptive; contemptible; <as>as, a <ex>snide</ex> lawyer;
<ex>snide</ex> goods.</as></def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<hw>Sniff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sniffed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>
or <er>Snift</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sniffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sneven</ets>; akin
to <ets>snivel</ets>, <ets>snuff</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>snive</ets>
to sniff. See <er>Snuff</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To
draw air audibly up the nose; to snuff; -- sometimes done as a
gesture of suspicion, offense, or contempt.</def>
<q>So ye grow squeamish, gods, and <qex>sniff</qex> at
heaven.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>
<hw>Sniff</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw in with
the breath through the nose; <as>as, to <ex>sniff</ex> the air of
the country</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perceive as by sniffing; to snuff, to scent;
to smell; <as>as, to <ex>sniff</ex> danger</as>.</def>
<hw>Sniff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of sniffing;
perception by sniffing; that which is taken by sniffing; <as>as,
a <ex>sniff</ex> of air</as>.</def>
<hw>Sniff"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A
rapid inspiratory act, in which the mouth is kept shut and the
air drawn in through the nose.</def>
<hw>Snif"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Freq. of
<ets>sniff</ets>. See <er>Snivel</er>.]</ety> <def>To snuffle, as
one does with a catarrh.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Snift</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Snifted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Snifting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Sniff</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To snort.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdResentment expressed by
<xex>snifting</xex>.\'b8
<au>Johnson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sniff; to snuff; to smell.</def>
<q>It now appears that they were still <qex>snifing</qex> and
hankering after their old quarters.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<hw>Snift</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A moment.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Slight snow; sleet.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Snift"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Snift</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Snifting valve</col>, <cd>a small valve opening into the
atmosphere from the cylinder or condenser of a steam engine, to
allow the escape of air when the piston makes a stroke; -- so
called from the noise made by its action.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snig</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Snick</er> a small cut.]</ety> <def>To chop off; to
cut.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Snig</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sneak</er>.]</ety>
<def>To sneak.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Snig</hw>, <hw>Snigg</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. <er>Sneak</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
small eel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Snigg"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Snicker</er>.</def>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Snig"ger</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Snicker</er>.</def>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<hw>Snig"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sniggled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sniggling</er><pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Snig</er> a kind of eel.]</ety> <def>To fish for eels by
thrusting the baited hook into their holes or hiding
places.</def>
<au>Walton.</au>
<hw>Snig"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To catch, as an eel, by
sniggling; hence, to hook; to insnare.</def>
<au>Beau & Fl.</au>
<hw>Snip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Snipped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Snipping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>snippen</ets>; akin
to G. <ets>schnippen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cut off the nip or neb
of, or to cut off at once with shears or scissors; to clip off
suddenly; to nip; hence, to break off; to snatch away.</def>
<q>Curbed and <qex>snipped</qex> in my younger years by fear of
my parents from those vicious excrescences to which that age was
subject.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<q>The captain seldom ordered anything out of the ship's stores .
. . but I <qex>snipped</qex> some of it for my own share.</q>
<qau>De Foe.</qau>
<hw>Snip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
single cut, as with shears or scissors; a clip.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small shred; a bit cut off.</def>
<au>Wiseman.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A share; a snack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>L'Estrange</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A tailor.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>Nares. C. Kingsley.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Small hand shears for cutting sheet metal.</def>
<hw>Snipe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>snipe</ets>; akin to D. <ets>snep</ets>, <ets>snip</ets>,
LG. <ets>sneppe</ets>, <ets>snippe</ets>, G. <ets>schnepfe</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sn\'c6pa</ets> (in comp.), Dan. <ets>sneppe</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sn\'84ppa</ets> a sanpiper, and possibly to E.
<ets>snap</ets>. See <er>Snap</er>, <er>Snaffle</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of limicoline game birds of the family
<spn>Scolopacid\'91</spn>, having a long, slender, nearly
straight beak.</def>
<note><hand/ The common, or whole, snipe (<spn>Gallinago
c<oe/lestis</spn>) and the great, or double, snipe (<spn>G.
major</spn>), are the most important European species. The
Wilson's snipe (<spn>G. delicata</spn>) (sometimes erroneously
called <xex>English snipe</xex>) and the gray snipe, or dowitcher
(<spn>Macrohamphus griseus</spn>), are well-known American
species.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fool; a blockhead.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Half snipe</col>, <cd>the dunlin; the jacksnipe.</cd> --
<col>Jack snipe</col>. <cd>See <er>Jacksnipe</er>.</cd> --
<col>Quail snipe</col>. <cd>See under <er>Quail</er>.</cd> --
<col>Robin snipe</col>, <cd>the knot.</cd> -- <col>Sea
snipe</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Shore
snipe</col>, <cd>any sandpiper.</cd> -- <col>Snipe hawk</col>,
<cd>the marsh harrier.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> --
<col>Stone snipe</col></mcol>, <cd>the tattler.</cd> --
<col>Summer snipe</col>, <cd>the dunlin; the green and the common
European sandpipers.</cd> -- <col>Winter snipe</col>. <cd>See
<cref>Rock snipe</cref>, under <er>Rock</er>.</cd> --
<col>Woodcock snipe</col>, <cd>the great snipe.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snipe"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A plane for cutting deep grooves in moldings.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bolt by which the body of a cart is fastened
to the axle.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Snipe"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bellows fish.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A long, slender deep-sea fish (<spn>Nemichthys
scolopaceus</spn>) with a slender beak.</def>
<hw>Snip"pack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Snipe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common
snipe.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Snip"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
snips.</def>
<hw>Snip"per-snap`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
small, insignificant fellow.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Snip"pet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small part
or piece.</def>
<q>To be cut into <qex>snippets</qex> and shreds.</q>
<qau>F. Harrison.</qau>
<hw>Snip"pet*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ridiculously
small; petty.</def> \'bd<xex>Snippety</xex> facts.\'b8
<au>London Spectator.</au>
<-- 2. short-tempered; snappish. -->
<-- Snippy, adj. snippety. -->
<hw>Snip"-snap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Reduplication of <ets>snap</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tart
dialogue with quick replies.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Pope.</au>
<hw>Snip"-snap`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Quick; short; sharp;
smart.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Snyp"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a
snipe.</def>
<hw>Snite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A snipe.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>
<au>Carew.</au>
<hw>Snite</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>sn\'c6fa</ets>.
See <er>Snout</er>.]</ety> <def>To blow, as the nose; to snuff,
as a candle.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Snithe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Snith"y</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sn\'c6<?/an</ets> to cut. See <er>Snathe</er>.]</ety>
<def>Sharp; piercing; cutting; -- applied to the wind.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sniv"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sniveled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Snivelled</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sniveling</er> or <er>Snivelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>snivelen</ets>, <ets>snevelen</ets>, <ets>snuvelen</ets>,
freg. of <ets>sneven</ets>. See <er>Sniff</er>, and cf.
<er>Snuffle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To run at the nose; to
make a snuffling noise.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cry or whine with snuffling, as children; to
cry weakly or whiningly.</def>
<q>Put stop to thy <qex>sniveling</qex> ditty.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Sniv"el</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>snofel</ets>. Cf.
<er>Snivel</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Mucus from the
nose; snot.</def>
<hw>Sniv"el*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Written
also <ets>sniveller</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who snivels, esp. one
who snivels habitually.</def>
<hw>Sniv"el*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Running at
the nose; sniveling pitiful; whining.</def>
<hw>Snob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>sn\'bepr</ets> a dolt, impostor, charlatan. Cf.
<er>Snub</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A vulgar person who
affects to be better, richer, or more fashionable, than he really
is; a vulgar upstart; one who apes his superiors.</def>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<q>Essentially vulgar, a <qex>snob</qex>. -- a gilded
<qex>snob</qex>, but none the less a <qex>snob</qex>.</q>
<qau>R. G. White.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld> <def>A townsman.</def>
<mark>[Canf]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A journeyman shoemaker.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A workman who accepts lower than the usual
wages, or who refuses to strike when his fellows do; a rat; a
knobstick.</def>
<q>Those who work for lower wages during a strike are called
<qex>snobs</qex>, the men who stand out being \'bdnobs\'b8</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<-- 5. One who adopts an offensive air of superiority to those he
considers as inferiors, esp. by avoiding or ignoring them. -->
<hw>Snob"ber*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
of being snobbish; snobbishness.</def>
<hw>Snob"bish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a snob; characteristic of, or befitting, a snob;
vulgarly pretentious.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Snob"bish*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Snob"bish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vulgar affectation or
ostentation; mean admiration of mean things; conduct or manners
of a snob.</def>
<hw>Snob"bism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Snobbery.</def>
<-- p. 1363 -->
<hw>Snob"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Snobbish.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>E. B. Ramsay.</au>
<hw>Snob"ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little snob.</def>
<mark>[Jocose]</mark>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Snob*oc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Snob</ets> + <ets>-cracy</ets>, as in
<ets>aristocracy</ets>, <ets>mobocracy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Snobs,
collectively.</def> <mark>[Hybrid & Recent]</mark>
<au>C. Kingsley.</au>
<hw>Snod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Snood</er>.]</ety> <def>A fillet; a headband; a snood.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Snod</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Scot. <ets>snod</ets> to
prune, put in order.]</ety> <def>Trimmed; smooth; neat; trim;
sly; cunning; demure.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Snoff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Snuff</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A short candle
end used for igniting a fuse.</def>
<au>Raymond.</au>
<hw>Snood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sn<?/d</ets>. Cf. <ets>Snare</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The fillet which binds the hair of a young unmarried woman,
and is emblematic of her maiden character.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<q>And seldom was a <qex>snood</qex> amid
Such wild, luxuriant ringlets hid.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A short line (often of horsehair) connecting a
fishing line with the hook; a snell; a leader.</def>
<hw>Snood</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bind or braid up, as the
hair, with a snood.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Snood"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing or having a
snood.</def> \'bdThe <xex>snooded</xex> daughter.\'b8
<au>Whittier.</au>
<hw>Snook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.
<ets>snook</ets> to search out, to follow by the scent; cf. Sw.
<ets>snoka</ets> to lurk, LG. <ets>sn\'94ggen</ets>,
<ets>snuckern</ets>, <ets>sn\'94kern</ets>, to snuffle, to smell
about, to search for.]</ety> <def>To lurk; to lie in
ambush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Snook</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>snoek</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large perchlike marine
food fish (<spn>Centropomus undecimalis</spn>) found both on the
Atlantic and Pacific coasts of tropical America; -- called also
<altname>ravallia</altname>, and <altname>robalo</altname>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cobia.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The
garfish.</def>
<hw>Snooze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.
<ets>snooze</ets> to sleep; cf. Dan. & Sw. <ets>snus</ets>
snuff.]</ety> <def>A short sleep; a nap.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Snooze</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Snoozed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Snoozing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To doze; to drowse;
to take a short nap; to slumber.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Snore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Snored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Snoring</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>snoren</ets>, AS. <ets>snora</ets> a snoring; akin
to LG. <ets>snoren</ets>, <ets>snorken</ets>, <ets>snurken</ets>,
to snore, D. <ets>snorken</ets>, G. <ets>schnarchen</ets> to
snore, <ets>schnarren</ets> to rattle, MHG. <ets>snarren</ets>,
Sw. <ets>snarka</ets> to snore, Icel. <ets>snarka</ets> to
sputter, fizzle. Cf. <er>Snarl</er> to growl, <er>Sneer</er>,
<er>Snort</er>. See <er>Snoring</er>.]</ety> <def>To breathe with
a rough, hoarse, nasal voice in sleep.</def>
<hw>Snore</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A harsh nasal noise made in
sleep.</def>
<hw>Snor"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
snores.</def>
<hw>Snor"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The
act of respiring through the open mouth so that the currents of
inspired and expired air cause a vibration of the uvula and soft
palate, thus giving rise to a sound more or less harsh. It is
usually unvoluntary, but may be produced voluntarily.</def>
<hw>Snort</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Snorted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Snorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>snorten</ets>; akin to <ets>snoren</ets>. <ets>See</ets>
<er>Snore</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To force the air with
violence through the nose, so as to make a noise, as do
high-spirited horsed in prancing and play.</def>
<au>Fairfax.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To snore.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe
<xex>snorting</xex> citizens.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To laugh out loudly.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Snort</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of snorting; the sound
produced in snorting.</def>
<hw>Snort</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To expel throught the
nostrils with a snort; to utter with a snort.</def>
<au>Keats.</au>
<hw>Snort"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who snorts.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wheather; -- so called
from its cry.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Snot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>snot</ets>; akin to D. <ets>snot</ets>, LG.
<ets>snotte</ets>, Dan. <ets>snot</ets>, and to E.
<ets>snout</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Snout</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Mucus secreted in, or discharged from, the
nose.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mean, insignificant fellow.</def>
<mark>[Low]</mark>
<hw>Snot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To blow, wipe, or clear, as
the nose.</def>
<hw>Snot"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Snot</er>.]</ety> <def>To snivel; to cry or whine.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Grose.</au>
<hw>Snot"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope going over a yardarm, used to bend
a tripping line to, in sending down topgallant and royal yards in
vessels of war; also, the short line supporting the heel of the
sprit in a small boat.</def>
<hw>Snot"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Filth;
abomination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To purge the <qex>snottery</qex> of our slimy time.</q>
<qau>Marston.</qau>
<hw>Snot"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Foul with snot;
hence, mean; dirty.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Snort"ti*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adb.</pos>
-- <wf>Snot"ti*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Snout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>snoute</ets>, probably of Scand, or Low German origin; cf.
LG. <ets>snute</ets>, D. <ets>snuit</ets>, G.
<ets>schnauze</ets>, Sw. <ets>snut</ets>, <ets>snyte</ets>, Dan.
<ets>snude</ets>, Icel. <ets>sn<?/ta</ets> to blow the nose;
probably akin to E. <ets>snuff</ets>, v.t. Cf. <er>Snite</er>,
<er>Snot</er>, <er>Snuff</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The long,
projecting nose of a beast, as of swine.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The nose of a man; -- in contempt.</def>
<au>Hudibras.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The nozzle of a pipe, hose, etc.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The anterior
prolongation of the head of a gastropod; -- called also
<altname>rostrum</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The anterior
prolongation of the head of weevils and allied beetles.</def>
<cs><col>Snout beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
many species of beetles having an elongated snout and belonging
to the tribe Rhynchophora; a weevil.</cd> -- <col>Snout
moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any pyralid moth. See
<er>Pyralid</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snout</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish with a nozzle or
point.</def>
<hw>Snout"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a
beast's snout.</def>
<q>The nose was ugly, long, and big,
Broad and <qex>snouty</qex> like a pig.</q>
<qau>Otway.</qau>
<hw>Snow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LG.
<ets>snaue</ets>, or D. <ets>snaauw</ets>, from LG.
<ets>snau</ets> a snout, a beak.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A
square-rigged vessel, differing from a brig only in that she has
a trysail mast close abaft the mainmast, on which a large trysail
is hoisted.</def>
<hw>Snow</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>snow</ets>,
<ets>snaw</ets>, AS. <ets>sn\'bew</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>sneeuw</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>sn<emac/o</ets>, G.
<ets>schnee</ets>, Icel. <ets>sn<ae/r</ets>,
<ets>snj<omac/r</ets>, <ets>snaj\'ber</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sn\'94</ets>, Dan. <ets>snee</ets>, Goth. <ets>snaiws</ets>,
Lith. <ets>sn\'89gas</ets>, Russ. <ets>snieg'</ets>, Ir. & Gael.
<ets>sneachd</ets>, W. <ets>nyf</ets>, L. <ets>nix</ets>,
<ets>nivis</ets>, Gr. acc. <grk>ni`fa</grk>, also AS.
<ets>sn\'c6wan</ets> to snow, G. <ets>schneien</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sn\'c6wan</ets>, Lith. <ets>snigti</ets>, L.
<ets>ningit</ets> it snows, Gr. <grk>ni`fei</grk>, Zend
<ets>snizh</ets> to snow; cf. Skr. <ets>snih</ets> to be wet or
sticky. <root/172.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Watery particles
congealed into white or transparent crystals or flakes in the
air, and falling to the earth, exhibiting a great variety of very
beautiful and perfect forms.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Snow</xex> is often used to form compounds,
most of which are of obvious meaning; as, <xex>snow</xex>-capped,
<xex>snow</xex>-clad, <xex>snow</xex>-cold,
<xex>snow</xex>-crowned, <xex>snow</xex>-crust,
<xex>snow</xex>-fed, <xex>snow</xex>-haired, <xex>snow</xex>like,
<xex>snow</xex>-mantled, <xex>snow</xex>-nodding,
<xex>snow</xex>-wrought, and the like.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Something white like snow, as the white
color (argent) in heraldry; something which falls in, or as in,
flakes.</def>
<q>The field of <qex>snow</qex> with eagle of black therein.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<cs><col>Red snow</col>. <cd>See under <er>Red</er>.</cd></cs>
<cs><col>Snow bunting</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Snowbird</er>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Snow cock</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the snow pheasant.</cd> -- <col>Snow
flea</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small black leaping
poduran (<spn>Achorutes nivicola</spn>) often found in winter on
the snow in vast numbers.</cd> -- <col>Snow flood</col>, <cd>a
flood from melted snow.</cd> -- <col>Snow flower</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fringe tree.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Snow
fly</col>, <or/ <col>Snow insect</col></mcol>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of
neuropterous insects of the genus <spn>Boreus</spn>. The male has
rudimentary wings; the female is wingless. These insects
sometimes appear creeping and leaping on the snow in great
numbers.</cd> -- <col>Snow gnat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>any wingless dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Chionea</spn>
found running on snow in winter.</cd> -- <col>Snow goose</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of arctic
geese of the genus <spn>Chen</spn>. The common snow goose
(<spn>Chen hyperborea</spn>), common in the Western United States
in winter, is white, with the tips of the wings black and legs
and bill red. Called also <altname>white brant</altname>,
<altname>wavey</altname>, and <altname>Texas goose</altname>. The
blue, or blue-winged, snow goose (<spn>C. c\'d2rulescens</spn>)
is varied with grayish brown and bluish gray, with the wing
quills black and the head and upper part of the neck white.
Called also <altname>white head</altname>, <altname>white-headed
goose</altname>, and <altname>bald brant</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Snow leopard</col> <fld>(Zool.)</fld>, <cd>the ounce.</cd>
-- <col>Snow line</col>, <cd>lowest limit of perpetual snow. In
the Alps this is at an altitude of 9,000 feet, in the Andes, at
the equator, 16,000 feet.</cd> -- <col>Snow mouse</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European vole (<spn>Arvicola
nivalis</spn>) which inhabits the Alps and other high
mountains.</cd> -- <col>Snow pheasant</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of large,
handsome gallinaceous birds of the genus <spn>Tetraogallus</spn>,
native of the lofty mountains of Asia. The Himalayn snow pheasant
(<spn>T.Himalayensis</spn>) in the best-known species. Called
also <altname>snow cock</altname>, and <altname>snow
chukor</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Snow partridge</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Partridge</er>.</cd> --
<col>Snow pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a pigeon
(<spn>Columba leuconota</spn>) native of the Himalaya mountains.
Its back, neck, and rump are white, the top of the head and the
ear coverts are black.</cd> -- <col>Snow plant</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a fleshy parasitic herb (<spn>Sarcodes
sanguinea</spn>) growing in the coniferous forests of California.
It is all of a bright red color, and is fabled to grow from the
snow, through which it sometimes shoots up.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Snowed</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Snowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fall in or as snow; --
chiefly used impersonally; <as>as, it <ex>snows</ex>; it
<ex>snowed</ex> yesterday.</as></def>
<hw>Snow</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To scatter like snow; to
cover with, or as with, snow.</def>
<au>Donne. Shak.</au>
<hw>Snow"ball`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A round mass of snow pressed or roller together, or anything
resembling such a mass.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Guelder-rose.</def>
<cs><col>Snowball tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the
Guelder-rose.</cd></cs>
<-- a snowball's chance in hell, [Colloq.] no chance; an
infinitesimal chance. -->
<hw>Snow"ball`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Snowballed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Snowballing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pelt with
snowballs; to throw snowballs at.</def>
<hw>Snow"ball`</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To throw
snowballs.</def>
<-- 2. To increase in magnitude with accelerating momentum,
achieving large proportions; -- by analogy with a snowball
rolling down a steep hill, causing a large snow slide. -->
<hw>Snow"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name of several shrubs with white
berries; as, the <spn>Symphoricarpus racemosus</spn> of the
Northern United States, and the <spn>Chiococca racemosa</spn> of
Florida and tropical America.</def>
<cs><col>Creeping snowberry</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
under <er>Creeping</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snow"bird</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An arctic finch
(<spn>Plectrophenax, <or/ Plectrophanes, nivalis</spn>) common,
in winter, both in Europe and the United States, and often
appearing in large flocks during snowstorms. It is partially
white, but variously marked with chestnut and brown. Called also
<altname>snow bunting</altname>, <altname>snowflake</altname>,
<altname>snowfleck</altname>, and
<altname>snowflight</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any finch
of the genus <spn>Junco</spn> which appears in flocks in winter
time, especially <spn>J. hyemalis</spn> in the Eastern United
States; -- called also <altname>blue snowbird</altname>. See
<er>Junco</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The fieldfare.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Snow"-blind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected
with blindness by the brilliancy of snow.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Snow"-blind`ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Snow"-bound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Enveloped
in, or confined by, snow.</def>
<au>Whittier.</au>
<hw>Snow"-broth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Snow and
water mixed, or snow just melted; very cold liquor.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Snow"cap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very small humming bird
(<spn>Microch\'91ra albocoronata</spn>) native of New
Grenada.</def>
<note><hand/ The feathers of the top of the head are white and
snining, the body blue black with a purple and bronzy luster. The
name is applied also to <spn>Microch\'91ra parvirostris</spn> of
Central America, which is similar in color.</note>
<hw>Snow"-capped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the top capped or covered with snow; <as>as, <ex>snow-capped</ex>
mountains</as>.</def>
<hw>Snow"drift`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bank of
drifted snow.</def>
<hw>Snow"drop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A bulbous plant (<spn>Galanthus nivalis</spn>) bearing white
flowers, which often appear while the snow is on the ground. It
is cultivated in gardens for its beauty.</def>
<cs><col>Snowdrop tree</col>. <cd>See <cref>Silver-bell
tree</cref>, under <er>Silver</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>
<hw>Snow"flake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A flake, or small filmy mass, of snow.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Snowbird</er>,
1.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several
bulbous plants of the genus <spn>Leucoium</spn> (<spn>L.
vernum</spn>, <spn>\'91stivum</spn>, etc.) resembling the
snowdrop, but having all the perianth leaves of equal size.</def>
<hw>Snow"fleck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Snowbird</er>, 1.</def>
<hw>Snowl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The hooded merganser.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Snow"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of
snow.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Snow"plow`</hw>, <hw>Snow"plough`</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An implement operating like a
plow, but on a larger scale, for clearing away the snow from
roads, railways, etc.</def>
<hw>Snow"shed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shelter to
protect from snow, esp. a long roof over an exposed part of a
railroad.</def>
<hw>Snow"shoe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A slight
frame of wood three or four feet long and about one third as
wide, with thongs or cords stretched across it, and having a
support and holder for the foot; -- used by persons for walking
on soft snow.</def>
<hw>Snow"sho`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
travels on snowshoes; an expert in using snowshoes.</def>
<au>W. G. Beers.</au>
<hw>Snow"shoe`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Traveling on
snowshoes.</def>
<hw>Snow"slip`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A large mass
or avalanche of snow which slips down the side of a mountain,
etc.</def>
<hw>Snow"storm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A storm
with falling snow.</def>
<hw>Snow"-white`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>White as
snow; very white.</def> \'bd<xex>Snow-white</xex> and
rose-red\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Snow"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>White like snow.</def> \'bdSo shows a <xex>snowy</xex> dove
trooping with crows.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Abounding with snow; covered with snow.</def>
\'bdThe <xex>snowy</xex> top of cold Olympus.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Pure; unblemished; unstained;
spotless.</def>
<q>There did he lose his <qex>snowy</qex> innocence.</q>
<qau>J. Hall (1646).</qau>
<cs><col>Snowy heron</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a white
heron, or egret (<spn>Ardea candidissima</spn>), found in the
Southern United States, and southward to Chili; -- called also
<altname>plume bird</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Snowy lemming</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the collared lemming (<spn>Cuniculus
torquatus</spn>), which turns white in winter.</cd> -- <col>Snowy
owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large arctic owl
(<spn>Nyctea Scandiaca</spn>, or <spn>N. nivea</spn>) common all
over the northern parts of the United States and Europe in winter
time. Its plumage is sometimes nearly pure white, but it is
usually more or less marked with blackish spots. Called also
<altname>white owl</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Snowy plover</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small plover (<spn>\'92gialitis
nivosa</spn>) of the western parts of the United States and
Mexico. It is light gray above, with the under parts and portions
of the head white.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>snuiven</ets> to snort, to pant, G. <ets>schnauben</ets>,
MHG. <ets>sn<umac/ben</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>schnupfen</ets>, to
sob, and E. <ets>snuff</ets>, v.t.]</ety> <def>To sob with
convulsions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Snub</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Snubbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Snubbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>ssnubba</ets> to snub, chide, Sw. <ets>snubba</ets>, Icel.
<ets>snubb<omac/ttr</ets> snubbed, nipped, and E.
<ets>snib</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To clip or break off the
end of; to check or stunt the growth of; to nop.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To check, stop, or rebuke, with a tart,
sarcastic reply or remark; to reprimand; to check.</def>
<au>J. Foster.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To treat with contempt or neglect, as a forward
or pretentious person; to slight designedly.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>To snub a cable</col> <or/ <col>rope</col></mcol>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to check it suddenly in running
out.</cd></cs>
<au>Totten.</au>
<hw>Snub</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A knot; a
protuberance; a song.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>[A club] with ragged <qex>snubs</qex> and knotty grain.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A check or rebuke; an intended slight.</def>
<qau>J. Foster.</qau>
<cs><col>Snub nose</col>, <cd>a short or flat nose.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Snub post</col>, <or/ <col>Snubbing post</col></mcol>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a post on a dock or shore, around which a
rope is thrown to check the motion of a vessel.</cd></cs>
<hw>Snub"-nosed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
short, flat nose, slightly turned up; <as>as, the
<ex>snub-nosed</ex> eel</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Snub-nosed cachalot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
pygmy sperm whale.</cd></cs>
<-- snub-nosed revolver, a revolver with a very short barrel. --
-->
<hw>Snudge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Snug</er>.]</ety> <def>To lie snug or quiet</def>.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Herbert.</au>
<hw>Snudge</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A miser; a sneaking
fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Snuff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>schnuppe</ets> candle snuff, <ets>schnuppen</ets> to snuff a
candle (see <er>Snuff</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, to snuff a candle),
or cf. <er>Snub</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>The part of a
candle wick charred by the flame, whether burning or not.</def>
<q>If the burning <qex>snuff</qex> happens to get out of the
snuffers, you have a chance that it may fall into a dish of
soup.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Snuff</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Snuffed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Snuffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>snuffen</ets>. See <er>Snuff</er> of a candle <er>Snuff</er>
to sniff.]</ety> <def>To crop the snuff of, as a candle; to take
off the end of the snuff of.</def>
<cs><col>To snuff out</col>, <cd>to extinguish by
snuffing.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1364 -->
<hw>Snuff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos><ety>[Akin to D.
<ets>snuffen</ets>, G. <ets>schnupfen</ets>,
<ets>schnuppen</ets>, to snuff, <ets>schnupfen</ets> a cold in
the head, <ets>schnuppen</ets> to snuff (air), also, to snuff (a
candle). Cf. <er>Sniff</er>, <er>Snout</er>, <er>Snub</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw in, or to
inhale, forcibly through the nose; to sniff.</def>
<q>He <qex>snuffs</qex> the wind, his heels the sand excite.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perceive by the nose; to scent; to
smell.</def>
<hw>Snuff</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To inhale air
through the nose with violence or with noise, as do dogs and
horses.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To turn up the nose and inhale air, as an
expression of contempt; hence, to take offense.</def>
<q>Do the enemies of the church rage and <qex>snuff</qex>?</q>
<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>
<hw>Snuff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
snuffing; perception by snuffing; a sniff.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pulverized tobacco, etc., prepared to be taken
into the nose; also, the amount taken at once.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Resentment, displeasure, or contempt, expressed
by a snuffing of the nose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<cs><col>Snuff dipping</col>. <cd>See <er>Dipping</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Snuff taker</col>, <cd>one who
uses snuff by inhaling it through the nose.</cd> -- <col>To take
it in snuff</col>, <cd>to be angry or offended.
<au>Shak</au>.</cd> -- <col>Up to snuff</col>, <cd>not likely to
be imposed upon; knowing; acute.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark><--
also, competent, able to do [the task] --></cs>
<hw>Snuff"box`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small box
for carrying snuff about the person.</def>
<hw>Snuff"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who snuffs.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common porpoise.</def>
<hw>Snuff"ers</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>An
instrument for cropping and holding the snuff of a candle.</def>
<hw>Snuff"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a snuffing
manner.</def>
<hw>Snuf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>
<er>Snuffled</er><pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Snuffling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of
<ets>snuff</ets>, v.i.; akin to LG. <ets>snuffeln</ets>, G.
<ets>schn\'81ffeln</ets>, D. <ets>snuffeln</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sn\'94vle</ets>. Cf. <er>Sniffle</er>.]</ety> <def>To speak
through the nose; to breathe through the nose when it is
obstructed, so as to make a broken sound.</def>
<q>One clad in purple
Eats, and recites some lamentable rhyme . . .
<qex>Snuffling</qex> at nose, and croaking in his throat.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Snuf"fle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
snuffing; a sound made by the air passing through the nose when
obstructed.</def>
<q>This dread sovereign, Breath, in its passage, gave a snort or
<qex>snuffle</qex>.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An affected nasal twang; hence, cant;
hypocrisy.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Obstruction of the nose by
mucus; nasal catarrh of infants or children.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Snuf"fler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
snuffles; one who uses cant.</def>
<hw>Snuff"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Soiled with snuff.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sulky; angry; vexed.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Scot.]</mark>
<au>Jamieson.</au>
<hw>Snug</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Snugger</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Snuggest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Prov. E. <ets>snug</ets> tight, handsome; cf. Icel.
<ets>sn\'94ggr</ets> smooth, ODan. <ets>sn\'94g</ets> neat, Sw.
<ets>snugg</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Close and warm; <as>as,
an infant lies <ex>snug</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Close; concealed; not exposed to notice.</def>
<q>Lie <qex>snug</qex>, and hear what critics say.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Compact, convenient, and comfortable; <as>as, a
<ex>snug</ex> farm, house, or property</as>.</def>
<hw>Snug</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Lug</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>
<hw>Snug</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Snugged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Snugging</er><pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To lie
close; to snuggle; to snudge; -- often with <xex>up</xex>, or
<xex>together</xex>; <as>as, a child <ex>snugs</ex> up to its
mother</as>.</def>
<hw>Snug</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To place
snugly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Goldsmith.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rub, as twine or rope, so as to make it
smooth and improve the finish.</def>
<hw>Snug"ger*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Snuggeries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A snug, cozy
place.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<hw>Snug"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Snuggled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Snuggling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>snug</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To move one way and the other so as to get a close place; to
lie close for comfort; to cuddle; to nestle.</def>
<hw>Snug"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a snug manner; closely;
safely.</def>
<hw>Snug"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being snug.</def>
<hw>Sny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>sn<umac/a</ets> to turn.]</ety> <def>An upward bend in a
piece of timber; the sheer of a vessel.</def>
<hw>Sny"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A curved
plank, placed edgewise, to work in the bows of a vessel.</def>
<au>R. H. Dana, Jr.</au>
<hw>So</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>so</ets>, <ets>sa</ets>, <ets>swa</ets>, AS.
<ets>sw\'be</ets>; akin to OFries, <ets>s\'be</ets>,
<ets>s<?/</ets>, D. <ets>zoo</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>s<?/</ets>,
G. <ets>so</ets>, Icel. <ets>sv\'be</ets>, <ets>sv<?/</ets>,
<ets>svo</ets>, <ets>so</ets>, Sw. <ets>s<?/</ets>, Dan.
<ets>saa</ets>, Goth. <ets>swa</ets> so, <ets>sw<?/</ets> as; cf.
L. <ets>suus</ets> one's own, Skr. <ets>sva</ets> one's own,
one's self. <root/192. Cf. As, <er>Custom</er>, <er>Ethic</er>,
<er>Idiom</er>, <er>Such</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In that
manner or degree; <as>as, indicated (in any way), or as implied,
or as supposed to be known</as>.</def>
<q>Why is his chariot <qex>so</qex> long in coming?</q>
<qau>Judges v. 28.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>In like manner or degree; in the same way; thus;
for like reason; whith equal reason; -- used correlatively,
following <xex>as</xex>, to denote comparison or resemblance;
sometimes, also, following <xex>inasmuch as</xex>.</def>
<q>As a war should be undertaken upon a just motive,
<qex>so</qex> a prince ought to consider the condition he is
in.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>In such manner; to such degree; -- used
correlatively with <xex>as</xex> or <xex>that</xex> following;
<as>as, he was <ex>so</ex> fortunate as to escape</as>.</def>
<q>I viewed in may mind, <qex>so</qex> far as I was able, the
beginning and progress of a rising world.</q>
<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>
<q>He is very much in Sir Roger's esteem, <qex>so</qex> that he
lives in the family rather as a relation than dependent.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Very; in a high degree; that is, in such a
degree as can not well be expressed; <as>as, he is <ex>so</ex>
good; he planned <ex>so</ex> wisely</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>In the same manner; as has been stated or
suggested; in this or that condition or state; under these
circumstances; in this way; -- with reflex reference to something
just asserted or implied; used also with the verb <xex>to
be</xex>, as a predicate.</def>
<q>Use him [your tutor] with great respect yourself, and cause
all your family to do <qex>so</qex> too.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<q>It concerns every man, with the greatest seriousness, to
inquire into those matters, whether they be <qex>so</qex> or
not.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<q>He is Sir Robert's son, and <qex>so</qex> art thou.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The case being such; therefore; on this account;
for this reason; on these terms; -- used both as an adverb and a
conjuction.</def>
<q>God makes him in his own image an intellectual creature, and
<qex>so</qex> capable of dominion.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<q>Here, then, exchange we mutually forgiveness;
So may the guilt of all my broken vows,
My perjuries to thee, be all forgotten.</q>
<qau>Rowe.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>It is well; let it be as it is, or let it come
to pass; -- used to express assent.</def>
<q>And when 't is writ, for my sake read it over,
And if it please you, <qex>so</qex>; if not, why,
<qex>so</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>There is Percy; if your father will do me any honor,
<qex>so</qex>; if not, let him kill the next Percy himself.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Well; the fact being as stated; -- used as an
expletive; <as>as, <ex>so</ex> the work is done, is
it?</as></def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Is it thus? do you mean what you say? -- with an
upward tone; <as>as, do you say he refuses?
<ex>So</ex>?</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>About the number, time, or quantity specified;
thereabouts; more or less; <as>as, I will spend a week or
<ex>so</ex> in the country; I have read only a page or
<ex>so</ex>.</as></def>
<-- s.b. collocation "or so" -->
<q>A week or <qex>so</qex> will probably reconcile us.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<note><hand/ See the Note under <er>Ill</er>,
<pos>adv.</pos></note>
<cs><mcol><col>So</col> . . . <col>as</col></mcol>.
<cd><xex>So<xex> is now commonly used as a demonstrative
correlative of <xex>as<xex> when it is the puprpose to emphasize
the equality or comparison suggested, esp. in negative
assertions, and questions implying a negative answer. By
Shakespeare and others <xex>so<xex> . . . <xex>as<xex> was much
used where <xex>as<xex> . . . <xex>as<xex> is now common. See the
Note under <er>As</er>, 1.</cd>
<q><qex>So</qex> do, <qex>as</qex> thou hast said.</q>
<qau>Gen. xviii. 5.</qau>
<q><qex>As</qex> a flower of the field, <qex>so</qex> he
flourisheth.</q>
<qau>Ps. ciii. 15.</qau>
<q>Had woman been <qex>so</qex> strong <qex>as</qex> men.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>No country suffered <qex>so</qex> much <qex>as</qex>
England.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
-- <col>So far</col>, <cd>to that point or extent; in that
particular.</cd> \'bdThe song was moral, and <xex>so far</xex>
was right.\'b8 <au>Cowper</au>. -- <col>So far forth</col>,
<cd>as far; to such a degree.</cd> <au>Shak.</au> <au>Bacon</au>.
-- <col>So forth</col>, <cd>further in the same or similar
manner; more of the same or a similar kind. See <cref>And so
forth</cref>, under <er>And</er>. -- <col>So, so</col>,
<cd>well, well.</cd> \'bd<xex>So, so</xex>, it works; now,
mistress, sit you fast.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>. <cd>Also, moderately
or tolerably well; passably; as, he succeeded but <xex>so
so</xex>.</cd> \'bdHis leg is but <xex>so so</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au> -- <col>So that</col>, <cd>to the end that; in
order that; with the effect or result that.</cd> -- <col>So
then</col>, <cd>thus then it is; therefore; the consequence
is.</cd></cs>
<hw>So</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos> <def>Provided that; on
condition that; in case that; if.</def><-- R. or archaic -->
<q>Though all the winds of doctrine were let loose play upon the
earth, <qex>so</qex> truth be in the field, we do injuriously, by
licensing and prohibiting, to misdoubt her strength.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>So</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Be as you are; stand still;
stop; that will do; right as you are; -- a word used esp. to
cows; also used by sailors.</def>
<hw>Soak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Soaked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Soaking</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>soken</ets>, AS. <ets>socian</ets> to sioak,
steep, fr. <ets>s<?/can</ets>, <ets>s<?/gan</ets>, to suck. See
<er>Suck</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause or suffer to lie
in a fluid till the substance has imbibed what it can contain; to
macerate in water or other liquid; to steep, as for the purpose
of softening or freshening; <as>as, to <ex>soak</ex> cloth; to
<ex>soak</ex> bread; to <ex>soak</ex> salt meat, salt fish, or
the like.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To drench; to wet thoroughly.</def>
<q>Their land shall be <qex>soaked</qex> with blood.</q>
<qau>Isa. xxiv. 7.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To draw in by the pores, or through small
passages; <as>as, a sponge <ex>soaks</ex> up water; the skin
<ex>soaks</ex> in moisture.</as></def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make (its way) by entering pores or
interstices; -- often with <xex>through</xex>.</def>
<q>The rivulet beneath <qex>soaked</qex> its way obscurely
through wreaths of snow.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Fig.: To absorb; to drain.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<hw>Soak</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lie steeping
in water or other liquid; to become sturated; <as>as, let the
cloth lie and <ex>soak</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To enter (into something) by pores or
interstices; <as>as, water <ex>soaks</ex> into the earth or other
porous matter</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To drink intemperately or gluttonously.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<hw>Soak"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
soaking, or the state of being soaked; also, the quantity that
enters or issues by soaking.</def>
<hw>Soak"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, soaks.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hard drinker.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Soak"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wetting thoroughly;
drenching; <as>as, a <ex>soaking</ex> rain</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Soak"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Soak"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of
moisture; wet; soppy.</def>
<hw>Soal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
sole of a shoe.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sole</er>, the
fish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Soal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>sol</ets> mire. Cf.
<er>Sully</er>.]</ety> <def>A dirty pond.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Soam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chain by which a
leading horse draws a plow.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Soap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sope</ets>, AS. <ets>s\'bepe</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>zeep</ets>, G. <ets>seife</ets>, OHG. <ets>seifa</ets>,
Icel. <ets>s\'bepa</ets>, Sw. <ets>s<?/pa</ets>, Dan.
<ets>s<?/be</ets>, and perhaps to AS. <ets>s\'c6pan</ets> to
drip, MHG. <ets>s\'c6fen</ets>, and L. <ets>sebum</ets> tallow.
Cf. <er>Saponaceous</er>.]</ety> <def>A substance which dissolves
in water, thus forming a lather, and is used as a cleansing
agent. Soap is produced by combining fats or oils with alkalies
or alkaline earths, usually by boiling, and consists of salts of
sodium, potassium, etc., with the fatty acids (oleic, stearic,
palmitic, etc.). See the Note below, and cf.
<er>Saponification</er>. By extension, any compound of similar
composition or properties, whether used as a cleaning agent or
not.</def>
<note><hand/ In general, soaps are of two classes,
<xex>hard</xex> and <xex>soft</xex>. Calcium, magnesium, lead,
etc., form soaps, but they are insoluble and useless.</note>
<q>The purifying action of <qex>soap</qex> depends upon the fact
that it is decomposed by a large quantity of water into free
alkali and an insoluble acid salt. The first of these takes away
the fatty dirt on washing, and the latter forms the
<qex>soap</qex> lather which envelops the greasy matter and thus
tends to remove it.</q>
<qau>Roscoe & Schorlemmer.</qau>
<cs><col>Castile soap</col>, <cd>a fine-grained hard soap, white
or mottled, made of olive oil and soda; -- called also
<altname>Marseilles, <or/ Venetian, soap</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Hard soap</col>, <cd>any one of a great variety of soaps, of
different ingredients and color, which are hard and compact. All
solid soaps are of this class.</cd> -- <col>Lead soap</col>,
<cd>an insoluble, white, pliable soap made by saponifying an oil
(olive oil) with lead oxide; -- used externally in medicine.
Called also <altname>lead plaster</altname>,
<altname>diachylon</altname>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Marine
soap</col>. <cd>See under <er>Marine</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pills of
soap</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>pills containing soap and
opium.</cd> -- <col>Potash soap</col>, <cd>any soap made with
potash, esp. the soft soaps, and a hard soap made from potash and
castor oil.</cd> -- <col>Pumice soap</col>, <cd>any hard soap
charged with a gritty powder, as silica, alumina, powdered
pumice, etc., which assists mechanically in the removal of
dirt.</cd> -- <col>Resin soap</col>, <cd>a yellow soap containing
resin, -- used in bleaching.</cd> -- <col>Silicated soap</col>,
<cd>a cheap soap containing water glass (sodium silicate).</cd>
-- <col>Soap bark</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Quillaia
bark</er>.</cd> -- <col>Soap bubble</col>, <cd>a hollow
iridescent globe, formed by blowing a film of soap suds from a
pipe; figuratively, something attractive, but extremely
unsubstantial.</cd></cs>
<q>This <qex>soap bubble</qex> of the metaphysicians.</q>
<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>
-- <col>Soap cerate</col>, <cd>a cerate formed of soap, olive
oil, white wax, and the subacetate of lead, sometimes used as an
application to allay inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Soap fat</col>,
<cd>the refuse fat of kitchens, slaughter houses, etc., used in
making soap.</cd> -- <col>Soap liniment</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>,
<cd>a liniment containing soap, camphor, and alcohol.</cd> --
<col>Soap nut</col>, <cd>the hard kernel or seed of the fruit of
the soapberry tree, -- used for making beads, buttons, etc.</cd>
-- <col>Soap plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one of several
plants used in the place of soap, as the <spn>Chlorogalum
pomeridianum</spn>, a California plant, the bulb of which, when
stripped of its husk and rubbed on wet clothes, makes a thick
lather, and smells not unlike new brown soap. It is called also
<altname>soap apple</altname>, <altname>soap bulb</altname>, and
<altname>soap weed</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Soap tree</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Soapberry tree</er>.</cd> --
<col>Soda soap</col>, <cd>a soap containing a sodium salt. The
soda soaps are all hard soaps.</cd> -- <col>Soft soap</col>,
<cd>a soap of a gray or brownish yellow color, and of a slimy,
jellylike consistence, made from potash or the lye from wood
ashes. It is strongly alkaline and often contains glycerin, and
is used in scouring wood, in cleansing linen, in dyehouses, etc.
Figuratively, flattery; wheedling; blarney.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Toilet soap</col>, <cd>hard soap
for the toilet, usually colored and perfumed.</cd></cs>
<hw>Soap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Soaped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Soaping</er>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To rub or wash over with soap.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To flatter; to wheedle.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<hw>Soap"ber`ry tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Any tree of the genus <spn>Sapindus</spn>, esp.
<spn>Sapindus saponaria</spn>, the fleshy part of whose fruit is
used instead of soap in washing linen; -- also called
<altname>soap tree</altname>.</def>
<hw>Soap"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any serranoid fish of the genus
<spn>Rhypticus</spn>; -- so called from the soapy feeling of its
skin.</def>
<hw>Soap"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or
state of being soapy.</def>
<hw>Soap"root`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A perennial herb (<spn>Gypsophila Struthium</spn>) the root
of which is used in Spain as a substitute for soap.</def>
<hw>Soap"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Steatite</er>, and <er>Talc</er>.</def>
<hw>Soap"suds`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>Suds
made with soap.</def>
<hw>Soap"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A common plant (<spn>Saponaria officinalis</spn>) of the
Pink family; -- so called because its bruised leaves, when
agitated in water, produce a lather like that from soap. Called
also <altname>Bouncing Bet</altname>.</def>
<hw>Soap"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Soapier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Soapiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Resembling soap; having the qualities of, or feeling like,
soap; soft and smooth.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Smeared with soap; covered with soap.</def>
<hw>Soar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Soared</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Soaring</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[F. <ets>s'essorer</ets> to soar, <ets>essorer</ets> to dry
(by exposing to the air), fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> out +
<ets>aura</ets> the air, a breeze; akin to Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fly aloft, as a bird;
to mount upward on wings, or as on wings.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>When <qex>soars</qex> Gaul's vulture with his wings
unfurled.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To rise in thought, spirits, or
imagination; to be exalted in mood.</def>
<q>Where the deep transported mind may <qex>soar</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Valor <qex>soars</qex> above
What the world calls misfortune.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Soar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of soaring; upward
flight.</def>
<q>This apparent <qex>soar</qex> of the hooded falcon.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Soar</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See 3d <er>Sore</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Soar</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See <er>Sore</er>, reddish
brown.</def>
<cs><col>Soar falcon</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Sore falcon</cref>, under <er>Sore</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Soar"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Soar</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Soar"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>\'d8So*a"ve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Sweet.</def>
<hw>\'d8So*a`ve*men"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Sweetly.</def>
<hw>Sob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sop</er>.]</ety> <def>To soak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>Sob</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sobbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sobbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sobben</ets>; akin
to AS. <ets>se\'a2fian</ets>, <ets>si\'a2fian</ets>, to complain,
bewail, <ets>se\'a2fung</ets>, <ets>si\'a2fung</ets>, sobbing,
lamentation; cf. OHG. <ets>s<?/ft\'94n</ets>,
<ets>s<?/ft<?/n</ets>, to sigh, MHG. <ets>siuften</ets>,
<ets>siufzen</ets>, G. <ets>seufzen</ets>, MHG. <ets>s<?/ft</ets>
a sigh, properly, a drawing in of breath, from <ets>s<?/fen</ets>
to drink, OHG. <ets>s<?/fan</ets>. Cf. <er>Sup</er>.]</ety>
<def>To sigh with a sudden heaving of the breast, or with a kind
of convulsive motion; to sigh with tears, and with a convulsive
drawing in of the breath.</def>
<q><qex>Sobbing</qex> is the same thing [as sighing],
stronger.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>She sighed, she <qex>sobbed</qex>, and, furious with despair.
She rent her garments, and she tore her hair.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sob</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of sobbing;
a convulsive sigh, or inspiration of the breath, as in
sorrow.</def>
<q>Break, heart, or choke with <qex>sobs</qex> my hated
breath.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any sorrowful cry or sound.</def>
<q>The tremulous <qex>sob</qex> of the complaining owl.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<hw>Sob"bing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A series of
short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed
so that little or no air enters into the lungs.</def>
<-- a less intense form of crying -->
<hw>Sober</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Soberer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Soberest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sobre</ets>, F. <ets>sobre</ets>, from L.
<ets>sobrius</ets>, probably from a prefix <ets>so-</ets>
expressing separation + <ets>ebrius</ets> drunken. Cf.
<er>Ebriety</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Temperate in the use of
spirituous liquors; habitually temperate; <as>as, a
<ex>sober</ex> man</as>.</def>
<q>That we may hereafter live a godly, righteous, and
<qex>sober</qex> life, to the glory of Thy holy name.</q>
<qau>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not intoxicated or excited by spirituous
liquors; <as>as, the sot may at times be
<ex>sober</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not mad or insane; not wild, visionary, or
heated with passion; exercising cool, dispassionate reason;
self-controlled; self-possessed.</def>
<q>There was not a <qex>sober</qex> person to be had; all was
tempestuous and blustering.</q>
<au>Druden.</au>
<q>No <qex>sober</qex> man would put himself into danger for the
applause of escaping without breaking his neck.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<-- p. 1365 -->
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not proceeding from, or attended with, passion;
calm; <as>as, <ex>sober</ex> judgment; a man in his
<ex>sober</ex> senses.</as></def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Serious or subdued in demeanor, habit,
appearance, or color; solemn; grave; sedate.</def>
<q>What parts gay France from <qex>sober</qex> Spain?</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<q>See her <qex>sober</qex> over a sampler, or gay over a jointed
baby.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>Twilight gray
Had in her <qex>sober</qex> livery all things clad.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Grave; temperate; abstinent; abstemious; moderate;
regular; steady; calm; quiet; cool; collected; dispassionate;
unimpassioned; sedate; staid; serious; solemn; somber. See
<er>Grave</er>.</syn>
<hw>So"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sobered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sobering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make sober.</def>
<q>There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain,
And drinking largely <qex>sobers</qex> us again.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>So"ber</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become sober; -- often
with <xex>down</xex>.</def>
<q>Vance gradually <qex>sobered</qex> down.</q>
<qau>Ld. Lytton.</qau>
<hw>So"ber*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
sober.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Crabbe.</au>
<hw>So"ber*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sober manner;
temperately; cooly; calmly; gravely; seriously.</def>
<hw>So"ber*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Grave; serious; solemn;
sad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>[He] looked hollow and thereto <qex>soberly</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>So"ber-mind`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
disposition or temper habitually sober.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>So"ber-mind`ed*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>So"ber*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being sober.</def>
<hw>Sob"o*les</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
short.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A shoot running
along under ground, forming new plants at short distances.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sucker, as of tree or shrub.</def>
<hw>Sob`o*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>soboles + -ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Producing soboles. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Houseleek</er>.</def>
<hw>So*bri"e*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sobrietas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sobri\'82t\'82</ets>. See
<er>Sober</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Habitual soberness or
temperance as to the use of spirituous liquors; <as>as, a man of
<ex>sobriety</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Public <qex>sobriety</qex> is a relative duty.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Habitual freedom from enthusiasm, inordinate
passion, or overheated imagination; calmness; coolness; gravity;
seriousness; <as>as, the <ex>sobriety</ex> of riper
years</as>.</def>
<q>Mirth makes them not mad,
Nor <qex>sobriety</qex> sad.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Soberness; temperance; abstinence; abstemiousness;
moderation; regularity; steadness; calmness; coolness;
sober-mindeness; sedateness; staidness; gravity; seriousness;
solemnity.</syn>
<hw>\'d8So`bri`quet"</hw> <pr>(s<osl/`br<esl/`k<asl/")</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos><ety>[F. <ets>sobriquet</ets>, OF.
<ets>soubzbriquet</ets>, <ets>soubriquet</ets>, a chuck under the
chin, hence, an affront, a nickname; of uncertain origin; cf. It.
<ets>sottobecco</ets> a chuck under the chin.]</ety> <def>An
assumed name; a fanciful epithet or appellation; a
nickname.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes less correctly written
<asp>soubriquet</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Soc</hw> <pr>(s<ocr/k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>s<0mac/c</ets> the power of holding court, sway, domain,
properly, the right of investigating or seeking; akin to E.
<ets>sake</ets>, <ets>seek</ets>. <er>Sake</er>, <er>Seek</er>,
and cf. <er>Sac</er>, and <er>Soke</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>sock</asp>, and <asp>soke</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lord's power or
privilege of holding a court in a district, as in manor or
lordship; jurisdiction of causes, and the limits of that
jurisdiction.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Liberty or privilege of
tenants excused from customary burdens.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An exclusive privilege formerly claimed by
millers of grrinding all the corn used within the manor or
township which the mill stands.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<cs><col>Soc and sac</col> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the full
right of administering justice in a manor or lordship.</cd></cs>
<hw>Soc"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[From
<er>Soc</er>; cf. LL. <ets>socagium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O.Eng.
Law)</fld> <def>A tenure of lands and tenements by a certain or
determinate service; a tenure distinct from chivalry or knight's
service, in which the obligations were uncertain. The service
must be certain, in order to be denominated <xex>socage</xex>, as
to hold by fealty and twenty shillings rent.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>soccage</asp>.]</altsp>
<note><hand/ <xex>Socage</xex> is of two kinds; <xex>free
socage</xex>, where the services are not only certain, but
honorable; and <xex>villein socage</xex>, where the services,
though certain, are of a baser nature.</note>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<hw>Soc"a*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(O. Eng.
Law)</fld> <def>A tennant by socage; a socman.</def>
<hw>So"-called`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>So named;
called by such a name (but perhaps called thus with doubtful
propriety).</def>
<hw>So`cia*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sociabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being
sociable; sociableness.</def>
<hw>SSo"cia*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>sociabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>sociare</ets> to associate, fr.
<ets>socius</ets> a companion. See <er>Social</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being, or fit to be, united in one
body or company; associable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>They are <qex>sociable</qex> parts united into one body.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inclined to, or adapted for, society; ready to
unite with others; fond of companions; social.</def>
<q>Society is no comfort to one not <qex>sociable</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>What can be uneasy to this <qex>sociable</qex> creature than
the dry, pensive retirements of solitude?</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ready to converse; inclined to talk with others;
not taciturn or reserved.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Affording opportunites for conversation;
characterized by much conversation; <as>as, a <ex>sociable</ex>
party</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>No longer hostile; friendly.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Beau & Fl.</au>
<cs><mcol><col>Sociable bird</col>, <or/ <col>Sociable
weaver</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a weaver bird
which builds composite nests. See <er>Republican</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 3. <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Social; companionable; conversible; friendly;
familiar; communicative; accessible.</syn>
<hw>So"cia*ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A gathering
of people for social purposes; an informal party or reception;
<as>as, a church <ex>sociable</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.
S.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A carriage having two double seats facing each
other, and a box for the driver.</def>
<au>Miss Edgeworth.</au>
<hw>So"cia*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
sociable.</def>
<hw>So"cia*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sociable
manner.</def>
<hw>So"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>socialis</ets>, from <ets>socius</ets> a companion; akin to
<ets>sequi</ets> to follow: cf. F. <ets>social</ets>. See
<er>Sue</er> to follow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining
to society; relating to men living in society, or to the public
as an aggregate body; <as>as, <ex>social</ex> interest or
concerns; <ex>social</ex> pleasure; <ex>social</ex> benefits;
<ex>social</ex> happiness; <ex>social</ex> duties.</as></def>
\'bd<xex>Social</xex> phenomena.\'b8
<au>J. S. Mill.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ready or disposed to mix in friendly converse;
companionable; sociable; <as>as, a <ex>social</ex>
person</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Consisting in union or mutual intercourse.</def>
<q>Best with thyself accompanied, seek'st not
<qex>Social</qex> communication.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Naturally growing in groups or
masses; -- said of many individual plants of the same
species.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Living in
communities consisting of males, females, and neuters, as do ants
and most bees.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Forming compound groups or
colonies by budding from basal processes or stolons; <as>as, the
<ex>social</ex> ascidians</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Social science</col>, <cd>the science of all that
relates to the social condition, the relations and institutions
which are involved in man's existence and his well-being as a
member of an organized community; sociology. It concerns itself
with questions of the public health, education, labor, punishment
of crime, reformation of criminals, and the like.</cd> --
<col>Social whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
blackfish.</cd> -- <col>The social evil</col>,
<cd>prostitution.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Sociable; companionable; conversible; friendly;
familiar; communicative; convival; festive.</syn>
<hw>So"cial*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>socialisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A theory or system of social
reform which contemplates a complete reconstruction of society,
with a more just and equitable distribution of property and
labor. In popular usage, the term is often employed to indicate
any lawless, revolutionary social scheme. See <er>Communism</er>,
<er>Fourierism</er>, <er>Saint-Simonianism</er>, forms of
socialism.</def>
<q>[<qex>Socialism</qex>] was first applied in England to Owen's
theory of social reconstruction, and in France to those also of
St. Simon and Fourier . . . The word, however, is used with a
great variety of meaning, . . . even by economists and learned
critics. The general tendency is to regard as socialistic any
interference undertaken by society on behalf of the poor, . . .
radical social reform which disturbs the present system of
private property . . . The tendency of the present
<qex>socialism</qex> is more and more to ally itself with the
most advanced democracy.</q>
<qau>Encyc. Brit.</qau>
<q>We certainly want a true history of <qex>socialism</qex>,
meaning by that a history of every systematic attempt to provide
a new social existence for the mass of the workers.</q>
<qau>F. Harrison.</qau>
<hw>So"cial*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>socialiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who advocates or practices
the doctrines of socialism.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>So"cial*ist</hw>, <hw>So`cial*is"tic</hw>, }</mhw>
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of,
socialism.</def>
<hw>So`ci*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>socialist\'82</ets>, L. <ets>socialitas</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The quality of being social; socialness.</def>
<hw>So"cial*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To render social.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To subject to, or regulate by, socialism.</def>
<hw>So"cial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a social manner;
sociably.</def>
<hw>So"cial*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being social.</def>
<hw>So"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sociatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>sociare</ets> to associate,
fr. <ets>socius</ets> companion.]</ety> <def>Associated.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>So"ci*ate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An associate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>As for you, Dr. Reynolds, and your <qex>sociates</qex>.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<hw>So"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
associate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shelford.</au>
<hw>So*ci`e*ta"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to society; social.</def>
<q>The all-sweeping besom of <qex>societarian</qex>
reformation.</q>
<qau>Lamb.</qau>
<hw>So*ci"e*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Societarian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>So*ci"e*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Societies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>societas</ets>, fr. <ets>socius</ets> a companion: cf. F.
<ets>soci\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Social</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The relationship of men to one another when associated in
any way; companionship; fellowship; company.</def> \'bdHer loved
<xex>society</xex>.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>There is <qex>society</qex> where none intrudes
By the deep sea, and music in its roar.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Connection; participation; partnership.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The meanest of the people and such as have the least
<qex>society</qex> with the acts and crimes of kings.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A number of persons associated for any temporary
or permanent object; an association for mutual or joint
usefulness, pleasure, or profit; a social union; a partnership;
<as>as, a missionary <ex>society</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The persons, collectively considered, who live
in any region or at any period; any community of individuals who
are united together by a common bond of nearness or intercourse;
those who recognize each other as associates, friends, and
acquaintances.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Specifically, the more cultivated portion of any
community in its social relations and influences; those who
mutually give receive formal entertainments.</def>
<cs><col>Society of Jesus</col>. <cd>See <er>Jesuit</er>.</cd> --
<col>Society verses</col> <ety>[a translation of F. <ets>vers de
soci\'82t\'82<ets>]</ety>, <cd>the lightest kind of lyrical
poetry; verses for the amusement of polite society.</cd></cs>
<hw>So*cin"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to <xex>Socinus</xex>, or the Socinians.</def>
<hw>So*cin"i*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the followers of
Socinus; a believer in Socinianism.</def>
<hw>So*cin"i*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.
Hist.)</fld> <def>The tenets or doctrines of Faustus Socinus, an
Italian theologian of the sixteenth century, who denied the
Trinity, the deity of Christ, the personality of the Devil, the
native and total depravity of man, the vicarious atonement, and
the eternity of future punishment. His theory was, that Christ
was a man divinely commissioned, who had no existence before he
was conceived by the Virgin Mary; that human sin was the
imitation of Adam's sin, and that human salvation was the
imitation and adoption of Christ's virtue; that the Bible was to
be interpreted by human reason; and that its language was
metaphorical, and not to be taken literally.</def>
<hw>So*cin"i*an*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Socinianized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Socinianizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to conform to
Socinianism; to regulate by, or imbue with, the principles of
Socinianism.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>So`ci*o*log"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>So`ci*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to sociology, or social science.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>So`ci*o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>So`ci*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
treats of, or devotes himself to, the study of sociology.</def>
<au>J. S. Mill.</au>
<hw>So`ci*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>socius</ets> a companion + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>
<def>That branch of philosophy which treats of the constitution,
phenomena, and development of human society; social
science.</def>
<au>H. Spencer.</au>
<hw>Sock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>soc</ets>, LL. <ets>soccus</ets>, perhaps of Celtic
origin.]</ety> <def>A plowshare.</def>
<au>Edin. Encyc.</au>
<hw>Sock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sock</ets>, AS.
<ets>socc</ets>, fr. L. <ets>soccus</ets> a kind of low-heeled,
light shoe. Cf. <er>Sucket</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The shoe
worn by actors of comedy in ancient Greece and Rome, -- used as a
sumbol of comedy, of the comic drams, as distinguished from
tragedy, which is symbolized by the <xex>buskin</xex>.</def>
<q>Great Fletcher never treads in buskin here,
Nor greater Jonson dares in <qex>socks</qex> appear.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A knit or woven covering for the foot and lower
leg; a stocking with a short leg.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A warm inner sole for a shoe.</def>
<au>Simmonds.</au>
<hw>Sock*dol"a*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A
corruption of <ets>doxology</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sockdologer</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which
finishes or ends a matter; a settler; a poser, as a heavy blow, a
conclusive answer, and the like.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Angling)</fld> <def>A combination of two hooks
which close upon each other, by means of a spring, as soon as the
fish bites.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Sock"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>soket</ets>, a dim. through OF. fr. L. <ets>soccus</ets>.
See <er>Sock</er> a covering for the foot.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An opening into which anything is fitted; any hollow thing
or place which receives and holds something else; <as>as, the
<ex>sockets</ex> of the teeth</as>.</def>
<q>His eyeballs in their hollow <qex>sockets</qex> sink.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, the hollow tube or place in which a
candle is fixed in the candlestick.</def>
<q>And in the <qex>sockets</qex> oily bubbles dance.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<cs><col>Socket bolt</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a bolt that
passes through a thimble that is placed between the parts
connected by the bolt.</cd> -- <col>Socket chisel</col>. <cd>Same
as <altname>Framing chisel</altname>. See under
<er>Framing</er>.</cd> -- <col>Socket pipe</col>, <cd>a pipe with
an expansion at one end to receive the end of a connecting
pipe.</cd> -- <col>Socket pole</col>, <cd>a pole armed with iron
fixed on by means of a socket, and used to propel boats,
etc.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Socket wrench</col>, <cd>a
wrench consisting of a socket at the end of a shank or rod, for
turning a nut, bolthead, etc., in a narrow or deep
recess.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sock"et*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
socket.</def>
<au>Dawkins.</au>
<hw>Sock"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of socks or
shoes.</def>
<au>B. & Fl.</au>
<hw>Sock"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wet;
soaky.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>So"cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>socculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>soccus</ets>. See <er>Sock</er>
a covering for the foot. Cf. <er>Zocco</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plain block or plinth
forming a low pedestal; any base; especially, the base of a
statue, column, or the like. See <er>Plinth</er>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plain face or plinth at the lower part of a
wall.</def>
<au>Oxf. Gloss.</au>
<hw>Soc"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Socmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See
<er>Socage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One who
holds lands or tenements by socage; a socager.</def>
<au>Cowell.</au>
<hw>Soc"man*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(O.E.
Law)</fld> <def>Tenure by socage.</def>
<hw>Soc"ome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>s<omac/cen</ets>, <ets>s<omac/cn</ets>, searching, or the
right of searching, the lord's court. See <er>Soc</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A custom of tenants to grind corn at
the lord's mill.</def>
<au>Cowell.</au>
<hw>Soc"o*trine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Socotra, an island in the Indian Ocean, on the east
coast of Africa.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or
inhabitant of Socotra.</def></def2>
<mhw>{ <hw>So*crat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>So*crat"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Socraticus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian sage and teacher. (<sc>b.
c.</sc> 469-399), or to his manner of teaching and
philosophizing.</def>
<note><hand/ The <xex>Socratic</xex> method of reasoning and
instruction was by a series of questions leading the one to whom
they were addressed to perceive and admit what was true or false
in doctrine, or right or wrong in conduct.</note>
<hw>So*crat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the Socratic
method.</def>
<hw>Soc"ra*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
philosophy or the method of Socrates.</def>
<hw>Soc"ra*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A disciple or follower of
Socrates.</def>
<hw>Sod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The rock dove.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sod</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Seethe</er>.</def>
<hw>Sod</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to LG. <ets>sode</ets>, D.
<ets>zode</ets>, OD. <ets>sode</ets>, <ets>soode</ets>, OFries.
satha, and E. <ets>seethe</ets>. So named from its
<ets>sodden</ets> state in wet weather. See
<er>Seethe</er>.]</ety> <def>That stratum of the surface of the
soil which is filled with the roots of grass, or any portion of
that surface; turf; sward.</def>
<q>She there shall dress a sweeter <qex>sod</qex>
Than Fancy's feet have ever trod.</q>
<qau>Collins.</qau>
<hw>Sod</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sodden</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sodding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with sod; to
turf.</def>
<hw>So"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., soda, in
OIt., ashes used in making glass, fr. L. <ets>solida</ets>, fem.
of <ets>solidus</ets> solid; <ets>solida</ets> having probably
been a name of glasswort. See <er>Solid</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Sodium oxide or
hydroxide.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Popularly, sodium carbonate or
bicarbonate.</def>
<cs><col>Caustic soda</col>, <cd>sodium hydroxide.</cd> --
<col>Cooking soda</col>, <cd>sodium bicarbonate.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Sal soda</col>. <cd>See
<cref>Sodium carbonate</cref>, under <er>Sodium</er>.</cd> --
<col>Soda alum</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a mineral consisting
of the hydrous sulphate of alumina and soda.</cd> -- <col>Soda
ash</col>, <cd>crude sodium carbonate; -- so called because
formerly obtained from the ashes of sea plants and certain other
plants, as saltwort (<spn>Salsola</spn>). See under
<er>Sodium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Soda fountain</col>, <cd>an
apparatus for drawing soda water, fitted with delivery tube,
faucets, etc.</cd> -- <col>Soda lye</col>, <cd>a lye consisting
essentially of a solution of sodium hydroxide, used in soap
making.</cd> -- <col>Soda niter</col>. <cd>See
<er>Nitratine</er>.</cd> -- <col>Soda salts</col>, <cd>salts
having sodium for the base; specifically, sodium sulphate or
Glauber's salts.</cd> -- <col>Soda waste</col>, <cd>the waste
material, consisting chiefly of calcium hydroxide and sulphide,
which accumulates as a useless residue or side product in the
ordinary Leblanc process of soda manufacture; -- called also
<altname>alkali waste</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Soda water</col>,
<cd>originally, a beverage consisting of a weak solution of
sodium bicarbonate, with some acid to cause effervescence; now,
in common usage, a beverage consisting of water highly charged
with carbon dioxide (carbonic acid). Fruit sirups, cream, etc.,
are usually added to give flavor. See <cref>Carbonic acid</cref>,
under <er>Carbonic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Washing soda</col>,
<cd>sodium carbonate.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>
<-- p. 1366 -->
<hw>So*da"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to,
or containing, soda.</def> \'bd<xex>Sodaic</xex> powder.\'b8
<au>Ure.</au>
<hw>So"da*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Soda</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sodalithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of
a white to blue or gray color, occuring commonly in
dodecahedrons, also massive. It is a silicate of alumina and
soda with some chlorine.</def>
<hw>So*dal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sodalities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>sodalitas</ets>, fr. <ets>sodalis</ets> a comrade.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A fellowship or fraternity; a brotherhood.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>Specifically, a lay
association for devotion or for charitable purposes.</def>
<hw>Sod*am"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A greenish or reddish crystalline
substance, <chform>NaNH2</chform>, obtained by passing ammonia
over heated sodium.</def>
<hw>Sod"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> [<pos>p. p.</pos>
of <er>Seethe</er>.] <def>Boiled; seethed; also, soaked; heavy
with moisture; saturated; <as>as, <ex>sodden</ex> beef;
<ex>sodden</ex> bread; <ex>sodden</ex> fields</as>.</def>
<hw>Sod"den</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be seethed; to become
sodden.</def>
<hw>Sod"den</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To soak; to make heavy
with water.</def>
<hw>Sod"den-wit`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Heavy;
dull.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sod"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Sod</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of sod; covered with sod;
turfy.</def>
<au>Cotgrave.</au>
<hw>Sod"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Solder</er>.</def>
<hw>So"dic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to sodium; containing sodium.</def>
<hw>So"di*o-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
combining form (also used adjectively) denoting <xex>the presence
of sodium</xex> or <xex>one of its compounds</xex>.</def>
<hw>So"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.E.
<ets>soda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A common metallic
element of the alkali group, in nature always occuring combined,
as in common salt, in albite, etc. It is isolated as a soft,
waxy, white, unstable metal, so readily oxidized that it combines
violently with water, and to be preserved must be kept under
petroleum or some similar liquid. Sodium is used combined in many
salts, in the free state as a reducer, and as a means of
obtaining other metals (as magnesium and aluminium) is an
important commercial product. Symbol Na (<xex>Natrium</xex>).
Atomic weight 23. Specific gravity 0.97.</def>
<cs><col>Sodium amalgam</col>, <cd>an alloy of sodium and
mercury, usually produced as a gray metallic crystalline
substance, which is used as a reducing agent, and otherwise.</cd>
-- <col>Sodium bicarbonate</col>, <cd>a white crystalline
substance, <chform>HNaCO3</chform>, with a slight alkaline taste
resembling that of sodium carbonate. It is found in many mineral
springs and also produced artificially,. It is used in cookery,
in baking powders, and as a source of carbonic acid gas (carbon
dioxide) for soda water. Called also <altname>cooking
soda</altname>, <altname>saleratus</altname>, and technically,
<altname>acid sodium carbonate</altname>, <altname>primary sodium
carbonate</altname>, <altname>sodium dicarbonate</altname>,
etc.</cd> -- <col>Sodium carbonate</col>, <cd>a white crystalline
substance, <chform>Na2CO3.10H2O</chform>, having a cooling
alkaline taste, found in the ashes of many plants, and produced
artifically in large quantities from common salt. It is used in
making soap, glass, paper, etc., and as alkaline agent in many
chemical industries. Called also <altname>sal soda</altname>,
<altname>washing soda</altname>, or <altname>soda</altname>. Cf.
<cref>Sodium bicarbonate</cref>, above and <er>Trona</er>.</cd>
<col>Sodium chloride</col>, <cd>common, or table, salt,
<chform>NaCl</chform>.</cd> -- <col>Sodium hydroxide</col>, <cd>a
white opaque brittle solid, <chform>NaOH</chform>, having a
fibrous structure, produced by the action of quicklime, or of
calcium hydrate (milk of lime), on sodium carbonate. It is a
strong alkali, and is used in the manufacture of soap, in making
wood pulp for paper, etc. Called also <altname>sodium
hydrate</altname>, and <altname>caustic soda</altname>. By
extension, a solution of sodium hydroxide.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sod"om*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An inhabitant of Sodom.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One guilty of sodomy.</def>
<hw>Sod`om*it"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, sodomy.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sod`om*it"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sod"om*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<ets>Sodom</ets>. a country mentioned in the Bible: cf. F.
<ets>sodomite</ets>.]</ety> <def>Carnal copulation in a manner
against nature; buggery.</def>
<au>Gen. xix. 5.</au>
<-- can we be more explicit? -->
<hw>Soe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.
<ets>sae</ets>, <ets>say</ets>, <ets>saye</ets>; cf. Icel.
<ets>s\'ber</ets> a large cask, Sw. <ets>s<?/</ets> a tub.]</ety>
<def>A large wooden vessel for holding water; a cowl.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>So*ev"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A word compounded of
<xex>so</xex> and <xex>ever</xex>, used in composition with
<xex>who</xex>, <xex>what</xex>, <xex>where</xex>,
<xex>when</xex>, <xex>how</xex>, etc., and indicating any out of
all possible or supposable persons, things, places, times, ways,
etc. It is sometimes used separate from the pronoun or
adverb.</def>
<q>For unto whom<qex>soever</qex> much is given, of him shall be
much required.</q>
<qau>Luke xii. 48.</qau>
<q>What great thing <qex>soever</qex> a man proposed to do in his
life, he should think of achieving it by fifty.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<hw>So"fa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sofas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Ar. <ets>soffah</ets>,
from <ets>saffa</ets> to dispose in order: cf. F.
<ets>sofa</ets>, It.<ets>sof\'85</ets>.]</ety> <def>A long seat,
usually with a cushioned bottom, back, and ends; -- much used as
a comfortable piece of furniture.</def>
<q>Let fall the curtains, wheel the <qex>sofa</qex> round.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<cs><col>Sofa bed</col>, <cd>a sofa so contrived that it may be
extended to form a bed; -- called also <altname>sofa
bedstead</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sof"fit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>soffitta</ets>, <ets>soffitto</ets>, fr.
<ets>soffiggere</ets> to hide, properly, to fix or fasten under,
L. <ets>suffigere</ets> to fasten beneath or below;
<ets>sub</ets> under, beneath + <ets>figere</ets> to fix, faste:
cf. F. <ets>soffite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The
under side of the subordinate parts and members of buildings,
such as staircases, entablatures, archways, cornices, or the
like. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Lintel</er>.</def>
<hw>So"fi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sofis</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>Same as
<er>Sufi</er>.</def>
<hw>So"fism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sufism</er>.</def>
<hw>Soft</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Softer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Softest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>softe</ets>, AS. <ets>s<?/fte</ets>, properly adv. of
<ets>s<?/fte</ets>, adj.; akin to OS. <ets>s\'befto</ets>, adv.,
D. <ets>zacht</ets>, OHG. <ets>samfto</ets>, adv.,
<ets>semfti</ets>, adj., G. <ets>sanft</ets>, LG.
<ets>sacht</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Easily yielding to pressure; easily impressed, molded, or
cut; not firm in resisting; impressible; yielding; also,
malleable; -- opposed to <ant>hard</ant>; <as>as, a <ex>soft</ex>
bed; a <ex>soft</ex> peach; <ex>soft</ex> earth; <ex>soft</ex>
wood or metal.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not rough, rugged, or harsh to the touch;
smooth; delicate; fine; <as>as, <ex>soft</ex> silk; a
<ex>soft</ex> skin.</as></def>
<q>They that wear <qex>soft</qex> clothing are in king's
houses.</q>
<qau>Matt. xi. 8.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, agreeable to feel, taste, or inhale; not
irritating to the tissues; <as>as, a <ex>soft</ex> liniment;
<ex>soft</ex> wines</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>soft</xex>,
delicious air.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not harsh or offensive to the sight; not
glaring; pleasing to the eye; not exciting by intensity of color
or violent contrast; <as>as, <ex>soft</ex> hues or
tints</as>.</def>
<q>The sun, shining upon the upper part of the clouds . . . made
the <qex>softest</qex> lights imaginable.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Not harsh or rough in sound; gentle and pleasing
to the ear; flowing; <as>as, <ex>soft</ex> whispers of
music</as>.</def>
<q>Her voice was ever <qex>soft</qex>,
Gentle, and low, -- an excellent thing in woman.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q><qex>Soft</qex> were my numbers; who could take offense?</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Easily yielding; susceptible to influence;
flexible; gentle; kind.</def>
<q>I would to God my heart were flint, like Edward's;
Or Edward's <qex>soft</qex> and pitiful, like mine.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The meek or <qex>soft</qex> shall inherit the earth.</q>
<qau>Tyndale.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Expressing gentleness, tenderness, or the like;
mild; conciliatory; courteous; kind; <as>as, <ex>soft</ex>
eyes</as>.</def>
<q>A <qex>soft</qex> answer turneth away wrath.</q>
<qau>Prov. xv. 1.</qau>
<q>A face with gladness overspread,
<qex>Soft</qex> smiles, by human kindness bred.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Effeminate; not courageous or manly, weak.</def>
<q>A longing after sensual pleasures is a dissolution of the
spirit of a man, and makes it loose, <qex>soft</qex>, and
wandering.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Gentle in action or motion; easy.</def>
<q>On her <qex>soft</qex> axle, white she paces even,
And bears thee soft with the smooth air along.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>Weak in character; impressible.</def>
<q>The deceiver soon found this <qex>soft</qex> place of
Adam's.</q>
<qau>Glanvill.</qau>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>Somewhat weak in intellect.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>He made <qex>soft</qex> fellows stark noddies, and such as
were foolish quite mad.</q>
<qau>Burton.</qau>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>Quiet; undisturbed; paceful; <as>as,
<ex>soft</ex> slumbers</as>.</def>
<sn>13.</sn> <def>Having, or consisting of, a gentle curve or
curves; not angular or abrupt; <as>as, <ex>soft</ex>
outlines</as>.</def>
<sn>14.</sn> <def>Not tinged with mineral salts; adapted to
decompose soap; <as>as, <ex>soft</ex> water is the best for
washing</as>.</def>
<sn>15.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Applied to
a palatal, a sibilant, or a dental consonant (as <xex>g</xex> in
<xex>gem</xex>, <xex>c</xex> in <xex>cent</xex>, etc.) as
distinguished from a guttural mute (as <xex>g</xex> in
<xex>go</xex>, <xex>c</xex> in <xex>cone</xex>, etc.); -- opposed
to <xex>hard</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Belonging to the
class of sonant elements as distinguished from the surd, and
considered as involving less force in utterance; <as>as,
<ex>b</ex>, <ex>d</ex>, <ex>g</ex>, <ex>z</ex>, <ex>v</ex>,
etc.</as>, in contrast with <xex>p</xex>, <xex>t</xex>,
<xex>k</xex>, <xex>s</xex>, <xex>f</xex>, etc.</def>
<cs><col>Soft clam</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common or
long clam (<spn>Mya arenaria</spn>). See <er>Mya</er>.</cd> --
<col>Soft coal</col>, <cd>bituminous coal, as distinguished from
<xex>anthracite</xex>, or <xex>hard, coal</xex>.</cd> --
<col>Soft crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any crab which
has recently shed its shell.</cd> -- <col>Soft dorsal</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the posterior part of the dorsal fin
of fishes when supported by soft rays.</cd> -- <col>Soft
grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Velvet
grass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Soft money</col>, <cd>paper money, as
distinguished from <xex>coin</xex>, or <xex>hard
money</xex>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Soft
mute</col></mcol>. <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Media</er>.</cd> -- <col>Soft palate</col>. <cd>See the Note
under <er>Palate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Soft ray</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fin ray which is articulated and
usually branched.</cd> -- <col>Soft soap</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Soap</er>.</cd> -- <col>Soft-tack</col>, <cd>leavened bread,
as distinguished from <xex>hard-tack<xex>, or <xex>ship
bread<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Soft tortoise</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any river tortoise of the genus
Trionyx. See <er>Trionyx</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Soft</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A soft or foolish
person; an idiot.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>G. Eliot.</au>
<hw>Soft</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Softly; without roughness or
harshness; gently; quietly.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>A knight <qex>soft</qex> riding toward them.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Soft</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Be quiet; hold; stop; not
so fast.</def><-- archaic or obs. -->
<q><qex>Soft</qex>, you; a word or two before you go.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sof"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corruption of
Per. <ets>s<?/khtah</ets> one who burns, is ardent or
zealous.]</ety> <def>Any one attached to a Mohammedan mosque,
esp. a student of the higher branches of theology in a mosque
school.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>sophta</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sof"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Softened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Softening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make soft or more
soft.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To render less hard; -- said of matter</def>.
<q>Their arrow's point they <qex>soften</qex> in the flame.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To mollify; to make less fierce or
intractable</def>.
<q>Diffidence conciliates the proud, and <qex>softens</qex> the
severe.</q>
<qau>Rambler.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To palliate; to represent as less enormous;
<as>as, to <ex>soften</ex> a fault</as></def>.
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To compose; to mitigate; to assuage</def>.
<q>Music can <qex>soften</qex> pain to ease.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sd>(e)</sd> To make calm and placid.
<q>All that cheers or <qex>softens</qex> life.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sd>(f)</sd> <def>To make less harsh, less rude, less offensive,
or less violent, or to render of an opposite quality</def>.
<q>He bore his great commision in his look,
But tempered awe, and <qex>softened</qex> all he spoke.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sd>(g)</sd> <def>To make less glaring; to tone down; <as>as, to
<ex>soften</ex> the coloring of a picture</as></def>.
<sd>(h)</sd> <def>To make tender; to make effeminate; to
enervate; <as>as, troops <ex>softened</ex> by luxury</as></def>.
<-- weaken -->
<sd>(i)</sd> <def>To make less harsh or grating, or of a quality
the opposite; <as>as, to <ex>soften</ex> the voice</as></def>.
<hw>Sof"ten</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become soft or
softened, or less rude, harsh, severe, or obdurate.</def>
<hw>Sof"ten*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, softens.</def> <mark>[Written also, less properly,
softner.]</mark>
<-- Water softener, a device which exchanges sodium ions for
polyvalent metal cations in water, thus converting the "hard"
mineral-containing water into "soft" water. This treatment
renders the water more usable for washing, as the polyvalent
cations interfere with the detergent action of soaps. -->
<hw>Sof"ten*ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Soften</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><mcol><col>Softening of the brain</col>, <or/ <col>Cerebral
softening</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a localized
softening of the brain substance, due to hemorrhage or
inflammation. Three varieties, distinguished by their color and
representing different stages of the morbid process, are known
respectively as <xex>red<xex>, <xex>yellow<xex>, and
<xex>white<xex>, <xex>softening<xex>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Soft"-finned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the fin rays cartilaginous or
flexible; without spines; -- said of certain fishes.</def>
<hw>Soft"-head`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Weak in
intellect.</def>
<hw>Soft"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
softness or tenderness of heart; susceptible of pity or other
kindly affection; gentle; meek.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Soft"-heart`ed*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Soft"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
soft.</def>
<au>De Witt Clinton.</au>
<hw>Soft"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A soft,
effeminate person; a voluptuary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Woolton. .</au>
<hw>Soft"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a soft manner.</def>
<hw>Soft"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Softener</er>.</def>
<hw>Soft"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>s<?/ftness</ets>, <ets>s<?/ftnyss</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
quality or state of being soft; -- opposed to
<ant>hardness</ant>, and used in the various specific senses of
the adjective.</def>
<mhw><hw>Soft"-shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Soft"-shelled`</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a soft or fragile
shell.</def>
<cs><col>Soft-shell clam</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
long clam. See <er>Mya</er>.</cd> -- <col>Soft-shelled
crab</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See the Note under
<er>Crab</er>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Soft-shelled turtle</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Soft tortoise</cref>,
under <er>Soft</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Soft"-spo`ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Speaking
softly; having a mild or gentle voice; hence, mild;
affable.</def>
<hw>Sog"gi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being soggy; soddenness; wetness.</def>
<hw>Sog"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Soggier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Soggiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.
Icel. <ets>s\'94ggr</ets> damp, wet, or E.
<ets>soak</ets>.]</ety> <def>Filled with water; soft with
moisture; sodden; soaked; wet; <as>as, <ex>soggy</ex> land or
timber</as>.</def>
<hw>So*ho"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Ho; -- a
word used in calling from a distant place; a sportsman's
halloo.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>\'d8Soi`-di`sant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Calling himself; self-styled; pretended;
would-be.</def>
<hw>Soil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Soiled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Soiling</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OF. <ets>saoler</ets>, <ets>saouler</ets>, to satiate, F.
<ets>so\'96ler</ets>, L. <ets>satullare</ets>, fr.
<ets>satullus</ets>, dim. of <ets>satur</ets> sated. See
<er>Satire</er>.]</ety> <def>To feed, as cattle or horses, in the
barn or an inclosure, with fresh grass or green food cut for
them, instead of sending them out to pasture; hence (such food
having the effect of purging them), to purge by feeding on green
food; <as>as, to <ex>soil</ex> a horse</as>.</def>
<hw>Soil</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>soile</ets>, F.
<ets>sol</ets>, fr. L. <ets>solum</ets> bottom, soil; but the
word has probably been influenced in form by <ets>soil</ets> a
miry place. Cf. <er>Saloon</er>, <er>Soil</er> a miry place,
<er>Sole</er> of the foot.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The upper
stratum of the earth; the mold, or that compound substance which
furnishes nutriment to plants, or which is particularly adapted
to support and nourish them.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Land; country.</def>
<q>Must I thus leave thee, Paradise? thus leave
Thee, native <qex>soil</qex>?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Dung; f\'91ces; compost; manure; <as>as, night
<ex>soil</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Improve land by dung and other sort of <qex>soils</qex>.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<cs><col>Soil pipe</col>, <cd>a pipe or drain for carrying off
night soil.</cd></cs>
<hw>Soil</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To enrich with soil or muck;
to manure.</def>
<q>Men . . . <qex>soil</qex> their ground, not that they love the
dirt, but that they expect a crop.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Soil</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>soil</ets>,
<ets>souil</ets>, F. <ets>souille</ets>, from OF.
<ets>soillier</ets>, F. <ets>souiller</ets>. See <er>Soil</er> to
make dirty.]</ety> <def>A marshy or miry place to which a hunted
boar resorts for refuge; hence, a wet place, stream, or tract of
water, sought for by other game, as deer.</def>
<q>As deer, being stuck, fly through many <qex>soils</qex>,
Yet still the shaft sticks fast.</q>
<qau>Marston.</qau>
<cs><col>To take soil</col>, <cd>to run into the mire or water;
hence, to take refuge or shelter.</cd></cs>
<q>O, sir, have you <qex>taken soil</qex> here? It is well a man
may reach you after three hours' running.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<hw>Soil</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos><ety>[OE. <ets>soilen</ets>, OF.
<ets>soillier</ets>, F. <ets>souiller</ets>, (assumed) LL.
<ets>suculare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sucula</ets> a little pig, dim.
of <ets>sus</ets> a swine. See <er>Sow</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make dirty or unclean on the surface; to
foul; to dirty; to defile; <as>as, to <ex>soil</ex> a garment
with dust</as>.</def>
<q>Our wonted ornaments now <qex>soiled</qex> and stained.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stain or mar, as with infamy or disgrace; to
tarnish; to sully.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- To foul; dirt; dirty; begrime; bemire; bespatter;
besmear; daub; bedaub; stain; tarnish; sully; defile;
pollute.</syn>
<hw>Soil</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become soiled; <as>as,
light colors <ex>soil</ex> sooner than dark ones</as>.</def>
<hw>Soil</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Soil</er> to make
dirty, <er>Soil</er> a miry place.]</ety> <def>That which soils
or pollutes; a soiled place; spot; stain.</def>
<q>A lady's honor . . . will not bear a <qex>soil</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Soil"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stain;
foulness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Soil"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of soil or
mold.</def>
<hw>Soil"ure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>soillure</ets>, F. <ets>souillure</ets>. See <er>Soil</er>
to make dirty.]</ety> <def>Stain; pollution.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Then fearing rust or <qex>soilure</qex>, fashioned for it
A case of silk.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Soil"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dirty;
soiled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>\'d8Soi`ree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>soir</ets> evening, fr. L. <ets>serus</ets> late,
<ets>serum</ets> late time. Cf. <er>Serenade</er>.]</ety> <def>An
evening party; -- distinguished from <xex>levee</xex>, and
<xex>matin\'82e</xex>.</def>
<hw>So"ja</hw> <pr>(s<omac/"j<adot/ <or/ s<omac/"y<adot/)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Asiatic leguminous herb
(<spn>Glycine Soja</spn>) the seeds of which are used in
preparing the sauce called <xex>soy</xex>.</def><-- also soya.
The beans are called soy beans. -->
<hw>So"journ</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sojourned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sojourning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sojornen</ets>,
<ets>sojournen</ets>, OF. <ets>sojorner</ets>,
<ets>sejorner</ets>, F. <ets>s\'82journer</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>sub</ets> under, about + <ets>diurnus</ets> belonging to the
day. See <er>Journal</er>, <er>Diurnal</er>.]</ety> <def>To dwell
for a time; to dwell or live in a place as a temporary resident
or as a stranger, not considering the place as a permanent
habitation; to delay; to tarry.</def>
<q>Abram went down into Egypt to <qex>sojourn</qex> there.</q>
<qau>Gen. xii. 30.</qau>
<q>Home he goeth, he might not longer <qex>sojourn</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The soldiers first assembled at Newcastle, and there
<qex>sojourned</qex> three days.</q>
<qau>Hayward.</qau>
<hw>So"journ</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>sujurn</ets>,
<ets>sujur</ets>, <ets>sejor</ets>, F. <ets>s\'82jour</ets>. See
<er>Sojourn</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>A temporary
residence, as that of a traveler in a foreign land.</def>
<q>Though long detained
In that obscure <qex>sojourn</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>So"journ*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sojourns.</def>
<q>We are strangers before thee, and <qex>sojourners</qex>.</q>
<qau>1. Chron. xxix. 15.</qau>
<hw>So"journ*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or state of one
who sojourns.</def>
<hw>So"journ*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Temporary
residence, as that of a stranger or a traveler.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Soke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eng.
Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Soc</er>.</def>
<-- p. 1367 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the small territorial divisions into
which Lincolnshire, England, is divided.</def>
<hw>Soke"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Socman</er>.</def>
<hw>Soke"man*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Socmanry</er>.</def>
<hw>Sok"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Socome</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A toll. See
<er>Soc</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Great <qex>sooken</qex> had this miller, out of doubt.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A district held by socage.</def>
<hw>So"ko</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>An African anthropoid ape, supposed to be a variety of the
chimpanzee.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The sun.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Alchem.)</fld> <def>Gold; -- so called from its
brilliancy, color, and value.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A syllable applied in
solmization to the note G, or to the fifth tone of any diatonic
scale.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tone itself.</def>
<hw>Sol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sou</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sou.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A silver and gold coin of Peru. The silver
<xex>sol</xex> is the unit of value, and is worth about 68
cents.</def>
<hw>\'d8So"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L., fem. of
<ets>solus</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Solus</er>.</def>
<hw>So"la</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native name.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous plant (<spn>\'92schynomene
aspera</spn>) growing in moist places in Southern India and the
East Indies. Its pithlike stem is used for making hats,
swimming-jackets, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>solah</asp>, <asp>shola</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sol"ace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>solas</ets>, <ets>ssoulaz</ets>, L. <ets>solacium</ets>,
<ets>solatium</ets>, fr. <ets>solari</ets> to comfort, console.
Cf. <er>Console</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Comfort in grief; alleviation of grief or anxiety; also,
that which relieves in distress; that which cheers or consoles;
relief.</def>
<q>In business of mirth and of <qex>solace</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The proper <qex>solaces</qex> of age are not music and
compliments, but wisdom and devotion.</q>
<qau>Rambler.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rest; relaxation; ease.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To make his steed some <qex>solace</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Comfort; consolation; alleviation; relief.</syn>
<hw>Sol"ace</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Solaced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Solacing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>solacier</ets>, <ets>soulacier</ets>, F.
<ets>solacier</ets>, LL. <ets>solatiare</ets>. See
<er>Solace</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cheer
in grief or under calamity; to comfort; to relieve in affliction,
solitude, or discomfort; to console; -- applied to persons;
<as>as, to <ex>solace</ex> one with the hope of future
reward</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To allay; to assuage; to soothe; <as>as, to
<ex>solace</ex> grief</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To comfort; assuage; allay. See
<er>Comfort</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sol"ace</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take comfort; to be
cheered.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sol"ace*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
solacing, or the state of being solaced; also, that which
solaces.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>So*la"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>solacieux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affording solace; <as>as, a
<ex>solacious</ex> voice</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bale.</au>
<hw>Sol`a*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to plants of the natural
order <spn>Solanace\'91</spn>, of which the nightshade
(<spn>Solanum</spn>) is the type. The order includes also the
tobacco, ground cherry, tomato, eggplant, red pepper, and many
more.</def>
<hw>So"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A solan goose.</def>
<hw>So*lan"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sallenders</er>.</def>
<hw>So"lan goose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Icel.
<ets>s<?/la</ets>; akin to Norw. <ets>sula</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common gannet.</def>
<hw>So*la"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Solanine.</def>
<hw>So*lan"i*cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Solanine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid
produced by the action of hydrochloric acid on solanidine, as a
tasteless yellow crystalline substance.</def>
<hw>So*lan"i*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Solanine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid
produced by the decomposition of solanine, as a white crystalline
substance having a harsh bitter taste.</def>
<hw>Sol"a*nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solanum</ets> nightshade.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
poisonous alkaloid glucoside extracted from the berries of common
nightshade (<spn>Solanum nigrum</spn>), and of bittersweet, and
from potato sprouts, as a white crystalline substance having an
acrid, burning taste; -- called also <altname>solonia</altname>,
and <altname>solanina</altname>.</def>
<-- C45H73NO15 -->
<hw>\'d8So*la"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[<ets>Sp</ets>.,
<ets>fr</ets>. <ets>L</ets>. <ets>solanus</ets>sc.
<ets>ventus</ets>), from <ets>sol</ets> the sun.]</ety> <def>A
hot, oppressive wind which sometimes blows in the Mediterranean,
particularly on the eastern coast of Spain.</def>
<hw>Sol"a*noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Solanum</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Resembling a potato; -- said of a kind of
cancer.</def>
<hw>So*la"num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
nightshade.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants
comprehending the potato (<spn>S. tuberosum</spn>), the eggplant
(<spn>S. melongena</spn>, and several hundred other species;
nightshade.</def>
<hw>So"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>soler</ets>, AS. <ets>solere</ets>, L. <ets>solarium</ets>,
from <ets>sol</ets> the sun. See <er>Solar</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A loft or upper chamber; a garret
room.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>soler</asp>, <asp>solere</asp>, <asp>sollar</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Oxf. Gloss.</au>
<hw>So"lar</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>solaris</ets>, fr.
<ets>sol</ets> the sun; akin to As. <ets>s<?/l</ets>, Icel.
<ets>s<?/l</ets>, Goth. <ets>sauil</ets>, Lith. <ets>saule</ets>,
W. <ets>haul</ets>,. <ets>sul</ets>, Skr. <ets>svar</ets>,
perhaps to E. <ets>sun</ets>:F. <ets>solaire</ets>. Cf.
<er>Parasol</er>. <er>Sun</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or
pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; <as>as, the
<ex>solar</ex> system; <ex>solar</ex> light; <ex>solar</ex> rays;
<ex>solar</ex> influence</as>. See <cref>Solar system</cref>,
below.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>Born under the predominant
influence of the sun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>And proud beside, as <qex>solar</qex> people are.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Measured by the progress or revolution of the
sun in the ecliptic; <as>as, the <ex>solar</ex> year</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly
affected by its influence.</def>
<q>They denominate some herbs <qex>solar</qex>, and some
lunar.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<cs><col>Solar cycle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cycle</er>.</cd> --
<col>Solar day</col>. <cd>See <er>Day</er>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Solar
engine</col>, <cd>an engine in which the energy of solar heat is
used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a steam
engine, or expanding air for an air engine.</cd> -- <col>Solar
flowers</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>flowers which open and shut
daily at certain hours.</cd> -- <col>Solar lamp</col>, <cd>an
argand lamp.</cd> -- <col>Solar microscope</col>, <cd>a
microscope consisting essentially, first, of a mirror for
reflecting a beam of sunlight through the tube, which sometimes
is fixed in a window shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large
lens, for converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image of the
object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or in a darkened
box.</cd>
<-- Illustration of solar microscope -->
-- <col>Solar month</col>. <cd>See under <er>Month</er>.</cd> --
<col>Solar oil</col>, <cd>a paraffin oil used an illuminant and
lubricant.</cd> -- <col>Solar phosphori</col>
<fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>certain substances, as the diamond,
siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna phosphorus), calcium
sulphide, etc., which become phosphorescent, and shine in the
dark, after exposure to sunlight or other intense light.</cd> --
<col>Solar plexus</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a nervous plexus
situated in the dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen,
consisting of several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and
radiating nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.</cd> -- <col>Solar spots</col>. <cd>See <cref>Sun
spots</cref>, under <er>Sun</er>.</cd> -- <col>Solar system</col>
<fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the sun, with the group of celestial
bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve round it. The
system comprises the major planets, with their satellites; the
minor planets, or asteroids, and the comets; also, the meteorids,
the matter that furnishes the zodiacal light, and the rings of
Saturn. The satellites that revolve about the major planets are
twenty-two in number, of which the Earth has one (see
<er>Moon</er>.), Mars two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus
four, and Neptune one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter,
thus far discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the century, and
are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.</cd>
<note>The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are exhibited in
the following tables: --
<table>
<title> I. -- Major Planets.</title>
<colheads><coltitle>Symbol.</coltitle><coltitle>Name.</coltitle>-
<coltitle>Mean distance -- that of the Earth being
unity.</coltitle><coltitle>Period in
days.</coltitle><coltitle>Eccentricity.</coltitle><coltitle>In-
clination of orbit.</coltitle><coltitle>Diameter in
miles</coltitle></colheads>
<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/
</table>
<table>
<title> II. -- Periodic Comets.</title>
<colheads><coltitle>Name.</coltitle><coltitle>Greatest distance
from sun.</coltitle><coltitle>Least distance from
sun.</coltitle><coltitle>Inclination of
orbit.</coltitle><coltitle>Perihelion
passage.</coltitle></colheads>
<row><item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item><-
deg/ <min/ 54</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Encke's</item><item>3.31</item><item>4.10</item><item-
>0.342</item><item>12 54</item><item>1885.2</item></row>
<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/
</table>
</note>
-- <col>Solar telegraph</col>, <cd>telegraph for signaling by
flashes of reflected sunlight.</cd> -- <col>Solar time</col>.
<cd>See <cref>Apparent time</cref>, under
<er>Time</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8So*la"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Solaria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See
<er>Solar</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
apartment freely exposed to the sun; anciently, an apartment or
inclosure on the roof of a house; in modern times, an apartment
in a hospital, used as a resort for convalescents.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species
of handsome marine spiral shells of the genus <spn>Solarium</spn>
and allied genera. The shell is conical, and usually has a large,
deep umbilicus exposing the upper whorls. Called also
<altname>perspective shell</altname>.</def>
<hw>So`lar*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Injury of a photographic picture caused
by exposing it for too long a time to the sun's light in the
camera; burning; excessive insolation.</def>
<hw>So"lar*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Solarized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Solarizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To injure by
too long exposure to the light of the sun in the camera; to
burn.</def><-- now overexposure -->
<hw>So"lar*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Photog.)</fld>
<def>To become injured by undue or too long exposure to the sun's
rays in the camera.</def><-- now overexpose -->
<hw>So"la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Solar.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sol"as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Solace.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>\'d8So*la"ti*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See
<er>Solace</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Anything which
alleviates or compensates for suffering or loss; a compensation;
esp., an additional allowance, as for injured feelings.</def>
<hw>Sold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Sell</er>.</def>
<hw>Sold</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>solde</ets>. See
<er>Soldier</er>, and cf. <er>Sou</er>.]</ety> <def>Solary;
military pay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sol"dan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE.
<ets>soudan</ets>, F. <ets>soudan</ets>, from the Arabic. See
<er>Sultan</er>.]</ety> <def>A sultan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sol"da*nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A plant of the genus <spn>Soldanella</spn>, low Alpine herbs
of the Primrose family.</def>
<hw>Sol"dan*rie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The country
ruled by a soldan, or sultan.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark><-- =
sultanate? -->
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Sol"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formerly
<ets>soder</ets>; F. <ets>soudure</ets>, OF. <ets>soudeure</ets>,
fr. OF. & F. <ets>souder</ets> to solder, L. <ets>solidare</ets>
to fasten, to make solid. See <er>Solid</er>, and cf.
<er>Sawder</er>.]</ety> <def>A metal or metallic alloy used when
melted for uniting adjacent metallic edges or surfaces; a
metallic coment. Hence, anything which unites or cements.</def>
<cs><col>Hard solder</col>, <cd>a solder which fuses only at a
red heat, as one composed of zinc and copper, or silver and
copper, etc.</cd> -- <col>Soft solder</col>, <cd>a solder fusible
at comparatively low temperatures; as, plumbers' solder,
consisting of two parts lead and one part tin, is a <xex>soft
solder<xex>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sol"der</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Soldered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Soldering</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Formerly<ets>soder</ets>. See <er>Solder</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To unite (metallic surfaces
or edges) by the intervention of a more fusible metal or metallic
alloy applied when melted; to join by means of metallic
cement.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mend; to patch up.</def> \'bdTo
<xex>solder</xex> up a broken cause.\'b8
<au>Hooker.</au>
<hw>Sol"der*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
solders.</def>
<hw>Sol"der*ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Solder</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>
<cs><mcol><col>Soldering iron</col>, <col>Soldering
tool</col></mcol>, <cd>an instrument for soldering, consisting of
a bit or bolt of copper having a pointed or wedge-shaped end, and
furnished with a handle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sol"dier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>souldier</ets>, <ets>soudiour</ets>, <ets>souder</ets>, OF.
<ets>soldier</ets>, <ets>soldoier</ets>, <ets>soldeier</ets>,
<ets>sodoier</ets>, <ets>soudoier</ets>, <ets>soudier</ets>, fr.
L. <ets>solidus</ets> a piece of money (hence applied to the pay
of a soldier), fr. <ets>solidus</ets> solid. See <er>Solid</er>,
and cf. <er>Sold</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who is engaged in military service as an officer or a private;
one who serves in an army; one of an organized body of
combatants.</def>
<q>I am a <qex>soldier</qex> and unapt to weep.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, a private in military service, as
distinguished from an officer.</def>
<q>It were meet that any one, before he came to be a captain,
should have been a <qex>soldier</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A brave warrior; a man of military experience
and skill, or a man of distinguished valor; -- used by way of
emphasis or distinction.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red or cuckoo gurnard
(<spn>Trigla pini</spn>.)</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the asexual
polymorphic forms of white ants, or termites, in which the head
and jaws are very large and strong. The soldiers serve to defend
the nest. See <er>Termite</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Soldier beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an
American carabid beetle (<spn>Chauliognathus Americanus</spn>)
whose larva feeds upon other insects, such as the plum
curculio.</cd> -- <col>Soldier bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
any hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Podisus</spn> and allied
genera, as the spined <ex>soldier bug</ex> (<spn>Podius
spinosus</spn>). These bugs suck the blood of other insects.</cd>
-- <col>Soldier crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>The hermit crab.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The fiddler crab.</cd>
-- <col>Soldier fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
bright-colored etheostomoid fish (<spn>Etheostoma
c\'d2ruleum</spn>) found in the Mississippi River; -- called also
<altname>blue darter</altname>, and <altname>rainbow
darter</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Soldier fly</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of small
dipterous flies of the genus <spn>Stratyomys</spn> and allied
genera. They are often bright green, with a metallic luster, and
are ornamented on the sides of the back with markings of yellow,
like epaulets or shoulder straps.</cd> -- <col>Soldier moth</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large geometrid moth (<spn>Euschema
militaris</spn>), having the wings bright yellow with bluish
black lines and spots.</cd> -- <col>Soldier orchis</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of orchis (<spn>Orchis
militaris</spn>).</cd></cs>
<hw>Sol"dier</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To serve as
a soldier.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a pretense of doing something, or of
performing any task.</def> <mark>[Colloq.U.S.]</mark>
<note><hand/ In this sense the vulgar pronounciation
<pr>(s<omac/"j<etil/r)</pr> is jocosely preserved.</note>
<q>It needs an opera glass to discover whether the leaders are
pulling, or only <qex>soldiering</qex>.</q>
<qau>C. D. Warner.</qau>
<hw>Sol"dier*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female soldier.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sol"dier*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
serving as a soldier; the state of being a soldier; the
occupation of a soldier.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of feigning to work. See the Note under
<er>Soldier</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, 2.</def> <mark>[Colloq.
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sol"dier*like"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a
soldier; soldierly.</def>
<hw>Sol"dier*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like or becoming a real
soldier; brave; martial; heroic; honorable; soldierlike.</def>
\'bd<xex>Soldierly</xex> discipline.\'b8
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<hw>Sol"dier*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Military qualities or
state; martial skill; behavior becoming a soldier.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sol"dier*wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A showy leguminous plant (<spn>Calliandra
purpurea</spn>) of the West Indies. The flowers have long tassels
of purple stamens.</def>
<hw>Sol"dier*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A body of soldiers; soldiers, collectivelly; the
military.</def>
<q>A camp of faithful <qex>soldiery</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Military service.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sol"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Soldi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It. See
<er>Sou</er>.]</ety> <def>A small Italian coin worth a sou or a
cent; the twentieth part of a lira.</def>
<hw>Sole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sole</ets>, L. <ets>solea</ets>; -- so named from its flat
shape. See <er>Sole</er> of the foot.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of several
species of flatfishes of the genus <spn>Solea</spn> and allied
genera of the family <spn>Soleid\'91</spn>, especially the common
European species (<spn>Solea vulgaris</spn>), which is a valuable
food fish.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any one of several American
flounders somewhat resembling the true sole in form or quality,
as the California sole (<spn>Lepidopsetta bilineata</spn>), the
long-finned sole (<spn>Glyptocephalus zachirus</spn>), and other
species.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Lemon</col>, <or/ <col>French</col>,
<col>sole</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European
species of sole (<spn>Solea pegusa</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Smooth
sole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the megrim.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1368 -->
<hw>Sole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sole</ets>, fr. L. <ets>soolea</ets> (or rather an assumed
L. <ets>sola</ets>), akin to <ets>solum</ets>round, soil, sole of
the foot. Cf. <er>Exile</er>, <er>Saloon</er>, <er>Soil</er>
earth, <er>Sole</er> the fish.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The bottom
of the foot; hence, also, rarely, the foot itself.</def>
<q>The dove found no rest for the <qex>sole</qex> of her
foot.</q>
<qau>Gen. viii. 9.</qau>
<q>Hast wandered through the world now long a day,
Yet ceasest not thy weary <qex>soles</qex> to lead.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The bottom of a shoe or boot, or the piece of
leather which constitutes the bottom.</def>
<q>The \'bdcaliga\'b8 was a military shoe, with a very thick
<qex>sole</qex>, tied above the instep.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The bottom or lower part of anything, or that on
which anything rests in standing.</def> Specifially: <sd>(a)</sd>
<fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>The bottom of the body of a plow; --
called also <altname>slade</altname>; also, the bottom of a
furrow</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The horny
substance under a horse's foot, which protects the more tender
parts</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The bottom of
an embrasure</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece
of timber attached to the lower part of the rudder, to make it
even with the false keel</def>. <au>Totten</au>. <sd>(e)</sd>
<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The seat or bottom of a mine; -- applied
to horizontal veins or lodes.</def>
<cs><col>Sole leather</col>, <cd>thick, strong, used for making
the soles of boots and shoes, and for other purposes.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sole</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Soled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Soling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with a sole;
<as>as, to <ex>sole</ex> a shoe</as>.</def>
<hw>Sole</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>solus</ets>, or OF.
<ets>sol</ets>, F. <ets>seul</ets> (fr. L. <ets>solus</ets>; cf.
L. <ets>sollus</ets> whole, entire. Cf. <er>Desolate</er>,
<er>Solemn</er>, <er>Solo</er>, <er>Sullen</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Being or acting without another; single;
individual; only.</def> \'bdThe <xex>sole</spn> son of my
queen.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>He, be sure . . . first and last will reign
<qex>Sole</qex> king.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Single; unmarried; <as>as, a
feme <ex>sole</ex></as>.</def>
<cs><col>Corporation sole</col>. <cd>See the Note under
<er>Corporation</er>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Single; individual; only; alone; solitary.</syn>
<hw>Sol"e*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F.
<ets>sol\'82cisme</ets>, L. <ets>soloecismus</ets>, Gr.
<grk>soloikismo`s</grk>, fr. <grk>soloiki`zein</grk> to speak or
write incorrectly, fr. <grk>so`loikos</grk> speaking incorrectly,
from the corruption of the Attic dialect among the Athenian
colonists of <grk>So`loi<grk> in Cilicia.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An impropriety or incongruity of language in the combination
of words or parts of a sentence; esp., deviation from the idiom
of a language or from the rules of syntax.</def>
<q>A barbarism may be in one word; a <qex>solecism</qex> must be
of more.</q>
<qau>Johnson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any inconsistency, unfitness, absurdity, or
impropriety, as in deeds or manners.</def>
<q>C\'91sar, by dismissing his guards and retaining his power,
committed a dangerous <qex>solecism</qex> in politics.</q>
<qau>C. Middleton.</qau>
<q>The idea of having committed the slightest <qex>solecism</qex>
in politeness was agony to him.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Barbarism; impropriety; absurdity.</syn>
<hw>Sol"e*scist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>One who commits a solecism.</def>
<au>Blackwall.</au>
<hw>Sol`e*cis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Solecistical.</def>
<hw>Sol`e*cis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to, or involving, a solecism; incorrect.</def>
\'bdHe thought it made the language <xex>solecistical</xex> and
absurd.\'b8
<au>Blackwall.</au>
<hw>Sol`e*cis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
solecistic manner.</def>
<hw>Sol"e*cize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>To commit a solecism.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Sole"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Singly;
alone; only; without another; <as>as, to rest a cause
<ex>solely</ex> one argument; to rely <ex>solely</ex>n one's own
strength</as>.</def>
<hw>Sol"emn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>solempne</ets>, OF. <ets>solempne</ets>, L.
<ets>solemnis</ets>, <ets>solennis</ets>, <ets>sollemnis</ets>,
<ets>sollennis</ets>; <ets>sollus</ets> all, entire +
<ets>annus</ets> a year; properly, that takes place every year;
-- used especially of religious solemnities. Cf. <er>Silly</er>,
<er>Annual</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Marked with religious
rites and pomps; enjoined by, or connected with, religion;
sacred.</def>
<q>His holy rites and <qex>solemn</qex> feasts profaned.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>The worship of this image was advanced, and a
<qex>solemn</qex> supplication observed everry year.</q>
<qau>Bp. Stillingfleet.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to a festival; festive; festal.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdOn this <xex>solemn</xex> day.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Stately; ceremonious; grand.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<q>His feast so <qex>solemn</qex> and so rich.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>To-night we hold a <qex>splemn</qex> supper.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fitted to awaken or express serious reflections;
marked by seriousness; serious; grave; devout; <as>as, a
<ex>solemn</ex> promise; <ex>solemn</ex> earnestness</as>.</def>
<q>Nor wanting power to mitigate and swage
With <qex>solemn</qex> touches troubled thoughts.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>There reigned a <qex>solemn</qex> silence over all.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Real; earnest; downright.</def> <mark>[Obs. &
R.]</mark>
<q>Frederick, the emperor, . . . has spared no expense in
strengthening this city; since which time we find no
<qex>solemn</qex> taking it by the Turks.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Affectedly grave or serious; <as>as, to put on a
<ex>solemn</ex> face</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>solemn</xex>
coxcomb.\'b8
<au>Swift.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Made in form; ceremonious;
<as>as, <ex>solemn</ex> war</as>; conforming with all legal
requirements; <as>as, probate in <ex>solemn</ex> form</as>.</def>
<au>Burrill.</au> <au>Jarman.</au> <au>Greenleaf.</au>
<cs><col>Solemn League and Covenant</col>. <cd>See
<er>Covenant</er>, 2.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Grave; formal; ritual; ceremonial; sober; serious;
reverential; devotional; devout. See <er>Grave</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sol"em*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def><er>Solemnness</er>.</def>
<q>Some think he wanted <qex>solemnes</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>
<hw>So*lem"ni*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Solemnities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>solemnitas</ets>, <ets>solennitas</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>solennit\'82</ets>, <ets>solemnit\'82</ets>, OF. also
<ets>sollempnit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rite or
ceremony performed with religious reverence; religious or ritual
ceremony; <as>as, the <ex>solemnity</ex> of a funeral, a
sacrament</as>.</def>
<q>Great was the cause; our old <qex>solemnities</qex>
From no blind zeal or fond tradition rise,
But saved from death, our Argives yearly pay
These grateful honors to the god of day.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>ceremony adapted to impress with awe.</def>
<q>The forms and <qex>solemnities</qex> of the last judgment.</q>
<qau>Atterburry.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ceremoniousness; impressiveness; seriousness;
grave earnestness; formal dignity; gravity.</def>
<q>With much glory and great <qex>solemnity</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The statelines and gravity of the Spaniards shows itself in
the <qex>solemnity</qex> of their language.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>These promises were often made with great <qex>solemnity</qex>
and confirmed with an oath.</q>
<qau>J. Edwards.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence, affected gravity or seriousness.</def>
<q><qex>Solemnity</qex> 's a cover for a sot.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Solemn state or feeling; awe or reverence; also,
that which produces such a feeling; <as>as, the
<ex>solemnity</ex> of an audience; the <ex>solemnity</ex> of
Westminster Abbey</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A solemn or formal observance;
proceeding according to due form; the formality which is
necessary to render a thing done valid.</def>
<hw>So*lem"ni*zate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
solemnize; <as>as, to <ex>solemnizate</ex> matrimony</as>.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>
<hw>Sol`em*ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>solemnisation</ets>, <ets>solennisation</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The act of solemnizing; celebration; <as>as, the
<ex>solemnization</ex> of a marriage</as>.</def>
<hw>Sol"em*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Solemnized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Solemnizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>solemniser</ets>,
<ets>sollemniser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To perform with
solemn or ritual ceremonies, or according to legal forms.</def>
<q>Baptism to be administered in one place, and marriage
<qex>solemnized</qex> in another.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dignify or honor by ceremonies; to
celebrate.</def>
<q>Their choice nobility and flowers . . .
Met from all parts to <qex>solemnize</qex> this feast.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make grave, serious, and reverential.</def>
<q>Wordsworth was <qex>solemnizzed</qex> and elevated by this his
first look on Yarrow.</q>
<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>
<q>Every Israelite . . . arose, <qex>solemnized</qex> his face,
looked towards Jerusalem . . . and prayed.</q>
<qau>L. Wallace.</qau>
<hw>Sol"em*nize</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Solemnization.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Though spoused, yet wanting wedlock's
<qex>solemnize</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Sol"em*ni`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
solemnizes.</def>
<hw>Sol"emn*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
solemn manner; with gravity; seriously; formally.</def>
<q>There in deaf murmurs <qex>solemnly</qex> are wise.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>I do <qex>solemnly</qex> assure the reader.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Sol"emn*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of
being solemn; solemnity; impressiveness; gravity; <as>as, the
<ex>solemnness</ex> of public worship</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>solemness</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>So*lemp"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Solemn</er>.]</ety> <def>Solemn; grand; stately; splendid;
magnificent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>\'d8So"len</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/<?/<?/ channel, a shellfish.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cradle, as for a broken limb. See
<er>Cradle</er>, 6.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marine bivalve mollusk
belonging to <spn>Solen</spn> or allied genera of the family
<spn>Solenid\'91</spn>; a razor shell.</def>
<hw>Sol`e*na"cean</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>. <def>Any species of marine bivalve shells
belonging to the family <spn>Solenid\'91</spn>.</def>
<hw>Sol`e*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the solens or
family <spn>Solenid\'91</spn>.</def>
<hw>Sole"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of
being sole, or alone; singleness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Chesterfield.</au>
<hw>Sole*nette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European sole (<spn>Solea
minuta</spn>).</def>
<hw>\'d8So*le`no*con"cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Solen</er>, and <er>Conch</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Scaphopoda</er>.</def>
<hw>So*le"no*don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ a channel + <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a tooth.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Either one of two species of singular
West Indian insectivores, allied to the tenrec. One species
(<spn>Solendon paradoxus</spn>), native of St. Domingo, is called
also <stype>agouta</stype>; the other (<spn>S. Cubanus</spn>),
found in Cuba, is called <stype>almique</stype>.</def>
<hw>So*le`no*gas"tra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ channel + <?/<?/<?/<?/,
<?/<?/<?/<?/, stomach.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order
of lowly organized Mollusca belonging to the Isopleura. A narrow
groove takes the place of the foot of other gastropods.</def>
<hw>So*le"no*glyph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Selenoglypha. See
<er>Ophidia</er>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
Selenoglypha.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8So`le*nog"ly*pha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a channel + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to
engrave.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of serpents
including those which have tubular erectile fangs, as the viper
and rattlesnake. See <er>Fang</er>.</def>
<hw>So"len*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ channel + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>
<def>An electrodynamic spiral having the conjuctive wire turned
back along its axis, so as to neutralize that component of the
effect of the current which is due to the length of the spiral,
and reduce the whole effect to that of a series of equal and
parallel circular currents. When traversed by a current the
solenoid exhibits polarity and attraction or repulsion, like a
magnet.</def>
<-- 2. a switch or valve using such a solenoid circuit to drive a
metal bar which opens or closes an electric circuit or a valve
controlling fluid movement.
-->
<hw>\'d8So`le*nos"to*mi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a channel + <?/<?/<?/<?/ a
mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of lophobranch
fishes having a tubular snout. The female carries the eggs in a
ventral pouch.</def>
<hw>Sole"plate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bedplate; <as>as, the
<ex>soleplate</ex> of a steam engine</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The plate forming the back of a waterwheel bucket.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>So"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>So"lere</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. See <er>Solar</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A loft or garret. See <er>Solar</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>So"lert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solers</ets>, <ets>sollers</ets>, <ets>-ertis</ets>,clever,
skillful.]</ety> <def>Skillful; clever; crafty.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cudworth.</au>
<hw>So*ler"tious*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being solert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hacket.</au>
<hw>Sole"ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of
being sole, or alone; soleness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir E. Dering.</au>
<hw>Sol`-fa"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sol-faed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>;<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sol-faing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[It. <ets>solfa</ets> the
gamut, from the syllables <ets>fa</ets>, <ets>sol</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To sing the notes of the gamut, ascending or descending;
<as>as, <ex>do</ex> or <ex>ut</ex>, <ex>re</ex>, <ex>mi</ex>,
<ex>fa</ex>, <ex>sol</ex>, <ex>la</ex>, <ex>si</ex>, <ex>do</ex>,
or the same in reverse order</as>.</def>
<q>Yet can I neither <qex>solfe</qex> ne sing.</q>
<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>
<hw>Sol"-fa"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The gamut, or musical
scale. See <cref>Tonic sol-fa</cref>, under <er>Tonic</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></def>
<hw>Sol`fa*na"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,
from <ets>solfo</ets> sulphur.]</ety> <def>A sulphur mine.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sol`fa*ta"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[It.,
from <ets>solfo</ets> brimstone, sulphur, L. <ets>sulfur</ets>,
E. <ets>sulphur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A volcanic
area or vent which yields only sulphur vapors, steam, and the
like. It represents the stages of the volcanic activity.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sol`feg*gia"re</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.
i.</pos><ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To sol-fa. See
<er>Sol-fa</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def>
<hw>\'d8Sol*feg"gio</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[It.,
fr. <ets>solfa</ets> the gamut.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The
system of arranging the scale by the names <xex>do</xex>,
<xex>re</xex>, <xex>mi</xex>, <xex>fa</xex>, <xex>sol</xex>,
<xex>la</xex>, <xex>si</xex>, by which singing is taught; a
singing exercise upon these syllables.</def>
<hw>Sol`fe*ri"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
brilliant deep pink color with a purplish tinge, one of the dyes
derived from aniline; -- so called from Solferino in Italy, where
a battle was fought about the time of its discovery.</def>
<hw>\'d8So"li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,
<def><pos>pl.</pos> of <er>Solo</er>.</def>
<hw>So*lic"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Solicited</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Soliciting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>sollicier</ets>, L. <ets>sollicitare</ets>,
<ets>solicitare</ets>, <ets>-atum</ets>, fr.
<ets>sollicitus</ets> wholly (<it>i. e.</it>, violently) moved;
<ets>sollus</ets> whole + <ets>citus</ets>, p. p. of
<ets>ciere</ets> to move, excite. See <er>Solemn</er>,
<er>Cite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To ask from with
earnestness; to make petition to; to apply to for obtaining
something; <as>as, to <ex>solicit</ex> person for
alms</as>.</def>
<q>Did I <qex>solicit</qex> thee
From darkness to promote me?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To endeavor to obtain; to seek; to plead for;
<as>as, to <ex>solicit</ex> an office; to <ex>solicit</ex> a
favor</as>.</def>
<q>I view my crime, but kindle at the view,
Repent old pleasures, and <qex>solicit</qex> new.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To awake or excite to action; to rouse desire
in; to summon; to appeal to; to invite.</def>
<q>That fruit . . . <qex>solicited</qex> her longing eye.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Sounds and some tangible qualities <qex>solicit</qex> their
proper senses, and force an entrance to the mind.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To urge the claims of; to plead; to act as
solicitor for or with reference to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Should
My brother henceforth study to forget
The vow that he hath made thee, I would ever
<qex>Solicit</qex> thy deserts.</q>
<qau>Ford.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To disturb; to disquiet; -- a Latinism rarely
used.</def>
<q>Hath any ill <qex>solicited</qex> thine ears?</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<q>But anxious fears <qex>solicit</qex> my weak breast.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<syn>Syn. To beseech; ask; request; crave; supplicate; entreat;
beg; implore; importune. See <er>Beseech</er>.</syn>
<hw>So*lic"it*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>solicitans</ets>, p. pr. ]</ety> <def>One who
solicits.</def>
<hw>So*lic"it*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Solicitous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Eden.</au>
<hw>So*li`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>solicitation</ets>, or L. <ets>sollicitatio</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of soliciting; earnest request;
persistent asking; importunity.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Excitement; invitation; <as>as, the
<ex>solicitation</ex> of the senses</as>.</def>
<au>Locke.</au>
<hw>So*lic"it*or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>soliciteur</ets>, L. <ets>solicitator</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who solicits.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An attorney or
advocate; one who represents another in court; -- formerly, in
English practice, the professional designation of a person
admitted to practice in a court of chancery or equity. See the
Note under <er>Attorney</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The law
officer of a city, town, department, or government; <as>as, the
city <ex>solicitor</ex>; the <ex>solicitor</ex> of the
treasury.</as></def>
<hw>So*lic"it*or-gen"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The second law officer in the government of Great Britain;
also, a similar officer under the United States government, who
is associated with the attorney-general; also, the chief law
officer of some of the States.</def>
<hw>So*lic"it*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>sollicitus</ets>, <ets>solicitus</ets>. See
<er>Solicit</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Disposed to
solicit; eager to obtain something desirable, or to avoid
anything evil; concerned; anxious; careful.</def>
\'bd<xex>Solicitous</xex> of my reputation.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>.
\'bdHe was <xex>solicitous</xex> for his advice.\'b8
<au>Calerendon</au>.
<q>Enjoy the present, whatsoever it be, and be not
<qex>solicitous</qex> about the future.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<q>The colonel had been intent upon other things, and not enough
<qex>solicitous</qex> to finish the fortifications.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>So*lic"it*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>So*lic"it*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>So*lic"it*ress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman
who solicits.</def>
<hw>So*lic"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sollicitude</ets>,r L. <ets>sollicitudo</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The state of being solicitous; uneasiness of mind occasioned
by fear of evil or desire good; anxiety.</def>
<-- used now mainly of concern for the well-being of others -->
<q>The many cares and great labors of worldly men, their
<qex>solicitude</qex> and outward shows.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<q>The mother looked at her with fond <qex>solicitude</qex>.</q>
<qau>G. W. Cable.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Carefulness; concern; anxiety. See
<er>Care</er>.</syn>
<-- p. 1369 -->
<hw>Sol"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solidus</ets>, probably akin to <ets>sollus</ets> whole,
entire, Gr. <?/<?/<?/: cf. F. <ets>solide</ets>. Cf.
<er>Consolidate</er>,<er>Soda</er>, <er>Solder</er>,
<er>Soldier</er>, <er>Solemn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having
the constituent parts so compact, or so firmly adhering, as to
resist the impression or penetration of other bodies; having a
fixed form; hard; firm; compact; -- opposed to <xex>fluid</xex>
and <xex>liquid</xex> or to <xex>plastic</xex>, like clay, or to
<xex>incompact</xex>, like sand.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not hollow; full of matter; <as>as, a
<ex>solid</ex> globe or cone, as distinguished from a
<ant>hollow</ant> one</as>; not spongy; dense; hence, sometimes,
heavy.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>Having all the geometrical
dimensions; cubic; <as>as, a <ex>solid</ex> foot contains 1,728
<ex>solid</ex> inches</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ In this sense, <xex>cubic</xex>s now generally
used.</note>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Firm; compact; strong; stable; unyielding;
<as>as, a <ex>solid</ex> pier; a <ex>solid</ex> pile; a
<ex>solid</ex> wall.</as></def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Applied to a compound word whose parts are
closely united and form an unbroken word; -- opposed to
<xex>hyphened</xex>.</def><-- unhyphenated, ligated? fused? -->
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Fig.: Worthy of credit, trust, or esteem;
substantial, as opposed to <contr>frivolous</contr> or
<contr>fallacious</contr>; weighty; firm; strong; valid; just;
genuine.</def>
<q>The <qex>solid</qex> purpose of a sincere and virtuous
answer.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>These, wanting wit, affect gravity, and go by the name of
<qex>solid</qex> men.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The genius of the Italians wrought by <qex>solid</qex> toil
what the myth-making imagination of the Germans had projected in
a poem.</q>
<qau>J. A. Symonds.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Sound; not weakly; <as>as, a <ex>solid</ex>
constitution of body</as>.</def>
<au>I. Watts.</au>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of a fleshy, uniform,
undivided substance, as a bulb or root; not spongy or hollow
within, as a stem.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Impenetrable; resisting or
excluding any other material particle or atom from any given
portion of space; -- applied to the supposed ultimate particles
of matter.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Not having the lines
separated by leads; not open.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>United; without division; unanimous; <as>as,
the delegation is <ex>solid</ex> for a candidate</as>.</def>
<mark>[Polit. Cant. U.S.]</mark>
<cs><col>Solid angle</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Angle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Solid color</col>, <cd>an even
color; one not shaded or variegated.</cd> -- <col>Solid
green</col>. <cd>See <cref>Emerald green</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>,
under <er>Green</er>.</cd> -- <col>Solid measure</col>
<fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>a measure for volumes, in which the
units are each a cube of fixed linear magnitude, as a cubic foot,
yard, or the like; thus, a foot, in <xex>solid measure<xex>, or a
<xex>solid foot<xex>, contains 1,728 solid inches.</cd> --
<col>Solid newel</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a newel into which
the ends of winding stairs are built, in distinction from a
<xex>hollow newel<xex>. See under <er>Hollow</er>,
<pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>Solid problem</col>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a problem which can be construed
geometrically, only by the intersection of a circle and a conic
section or of two conic sections. <au>Hutton</au>.</cd> --
<col>Solid square</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a square body or
troops in which the ranks and files are equal.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Hard; firm; compact; strong; substantial; stable;
sound; real; valid; true; just; weighty; profound; grave;
important.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Solid</er>, <er>Hard</er>. These
words both relate to the internal constitution of bodies; but
<xex>hard</xex>notes a more impenetrable nature or a firmer
adherence of the component parts than <xex>solid</xex>.
<xex>Hard</xex> is opposed to <xex>soft</xex>, and
<xex>solid</xex> to <xex>fluid</xex>, <xex>liquid</xex>,
<xex>open</xex>, or <xex>hollow</xex>. Wood is usually
<xex>solid</xex>; but some kinds of wood are <xex>hard</xex>, and
others are <xex>soft</xex>.</usage>
<q>Repose you there; while I [return] to this <qex>hard</qex>
house,
More <qex>harder</qex> than the stones whereof 't is raised.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>I hear his thundering voice resound,
And trampling feet than shake the <qex>solid</qex> ground.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sol"id</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A substance that
is held in a fixed form by cohesion among its particles; a
substance not fluid.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A magnitude which has length,
breadth, and thickness; a part of space bounded on all
sides.</def>
<cs><col>Solid of revolution</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Revolution</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 5.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Sol`i*da"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. L. <ets>solidare</ets> to strengthen, unite; -- so called in
allusion to its reputed healing qualities.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of yellow-flowered composite
perennial herbs; golden-rod.</def>
<hw>Sol"i*dare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>solidus</ets>. Cf. <er>Sou</er>.]</ety> <def>A small piece
of money.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sol`i*dar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>solidarit\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>solide</ets>. See
<er>Solid</er>.]</ety> <def>An entire union or consolidation of
interests and responsibilities; fellowship; community.</def>
<q><qex>Solidarity</qex> [a word which we owe to the French
Communists], signifies a fellowship in gain and loss, in honor
and dishonor, in victory and defeat, a being, so to speak, all in
the same boat.</q>
<qau>Trench.</qau>
<q>The <qex>solidarity</qex> . . . of Breton and Welsh
poetry.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>
<hw>Sol"i*da*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
community of interests and responsibilities.</def>
<q> Men are <qex>solidary</qex>, or copartners; and not
isolated.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>
<hw>Sol"i*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solidatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>solidare</ets>. See
<er>Solder</er>.]</ety> <def>To make solid or firm.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cowley.</au>
<hw>So*lid"i*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being solidified.</def>
<hw>So*lid`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>solidification</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of
solidifying, or state of being solidified.</def>
<hw>So*lid"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Solidified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Solidifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Solid</ets> +
<ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>solidifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make
solid or compact.</def>
<q>Every machine is a <qex>solidified</qex> mechanical
theorem.</q>
<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>
<hw>So*lid"i*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become solid; to
harden.</def>
<hw>Sol"id*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>The doctrine that refers all diseases to morbid changes of
the solid parts of the body. It rests on the view that the solids
alone are endowed with vital properties, and can receive the
impression of agents tending to produce disease.</def>
<hw>Sol"id*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An
advocate of, or believer in, solidism.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>So*lid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>soliditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>solidit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or quality of being solid; density;
consistency, -- opposed to <xex>fluidity</xex>; compactness;
fullness of matter, -- opposed to <xex>openness</xex> or
<xex>hollowness</xex>; strength; soundness, -- opposed to
<xex>weakness</xex> or <xex>instability</xex>; the primary
quality or affection of matter by which its particles exclude or
resist all others; hardness; massiveness.</def>
<q>That which hinders the approach of two bodies when they are
moving one toward another, I call <qex>solidity</qex>.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Moral firmness; soundness; strength; validity;
truth; certainty; -- as opposed to <contr>weakness</contr> or
<contr>fallaciousness</contr>; <as>as, the <ex>solidity</ex> of
arguments or reasoning; the <ex>solidity</ex> of principles,
triuths, or opinions</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The solid contents of a body;
volume; amount of inclosed space.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Firmness; solidness; hardness; density; compactness;
strength; soundness; validity; certainty.</syn>
<hw>Sol"id*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a solid
manner; densely; compactly; firmly; truly.</def>
<hw>Sol"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>State or
quality of being solid; firmness; compactness; solidity, as of
material bodies.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Soundness; strength; truth; validity, as of
arguments, reasons, principles, and the like.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sol`id*un"gu*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from L. <ets>solidus</ets> solid + <ets>ungula</ets> a
hoof.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of ungulates
which includes the horse, ass, and related species, constituting
the family <spn>Equid\'91</spn>.</def>
<hw>Sol`id*un"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Solipedous.</def>
<hw>Sol`id*un"gu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Solid</ets> + <ets>ungulate</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Soliped</er>.</def>
<hw>Sol`id*un"gu*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Solipedous.</def>
<hw>Sol`i*fid"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solus</ets> alone + <ets>fides</ets> faith.]</ety>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who maintains that faith alone,
without works, is sufficient for justification; -- opposed to
nullifidian.</def>
<au>Hammond.</au>
<hw>Sol`i*fid"i*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Holding the tenets of
Solifidians; of or pertaining to the solifidians.</def>
<hw>Sol`i*fid"i*an*ism</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of
Solifidians.</def>
<hw>Sol"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sol</ets> sun + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like the sun
in form, appearance, or nature; resembling the sun.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Soliform</xex> things.\'b8
<au>Cudworth.</au>
<hw>\'d8So*lif"u*g\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from L. <ets>solifuga</ets> (better
<ets>solipuga</ets>), a kind of venomous ant, or spider.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of arachnids having large,
powerful fangs and a segmented abdomen; -- called also
<altname>Solpugidea</altname>, and
<altname>Solpugides</altname>.</def>
<hw>So*lil"o*quize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Soliloquized</er>
<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Soliloquizing</er>
<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To utter a soliloquy; to talk to
one's self.</def>
<hw>So*lil"o*quy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Soliloquies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>soliloquium</ets>; <ets>solus</ets> alone + <ets>loqui</ets>
to speak. See <er>Sole</er> ly, and <er>Loquacious</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of talking to one's self; a discourse
made by one in solitude to one's self; monologue.</def>
<q>Lovers are always allowed the comfort of
<qex>soliloquy</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A written composition, reciting what it is
supposed a person says to himself.</def>
<q>The whole poem is a <qex>soliloquy</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<hw>Sol"i*ped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>solip\'8ade</ets>, It. <ets>solipede</ets>, Sp.
<ets>solipedo</ets>; apparently fr. L. <ets>solus</ets> alone +
<ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot; but probably fr. L.
<ets>solidipes</ets> solid-footed, whole-hoofed. See
<er>Solid</er>, and <er>Pedal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A mammal having a single hoof on each foot, as the horses
and asses; a solidungulate</def>. <altsp>[Written also
<asp>solipede</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>The <qex>solipeds</qex>, or firm-hoofed animals, as horses,
asses, and mules, etc., -- they are, also, in mighty number.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<hw>So*lip"e*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
single hoofs.</def>
<hw>So*lip"sism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solus</ets> alone + <ets>ipse</ets> self.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Ethics)</fld> <def>Egotism.</def>
<au>Krauth-Fleming.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Egoism.</def>
<au>Krauth-Fleming.</au>
<hw>Sol`i*se"qui*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sol</ets> sun + <ets>sequi</ets> to follow.]</ety>
<def>Following the course of the sun; <as>as,
<ex>solisequious</ex> plants</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sol`i*taire"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Solitary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person who lives in
solitude; a recluse; a hermit.</def>
<au>Pope.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A single diamond in a setting; also, sometimes,
a precious stone of any kind set alone.</def>
<q>Diamond <qex>solitaires</qex> blazing on his breast and
wrists.</q>
<qau>Mrs. R. H. Davis.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A game which one person can play alone; --
applied to many games of cards, etc.; also, to a game played on a
board with pegs or balls, in which the object is, beginning with
all the places filled except one, to remove all but one of the
pieces by \'bdjumping,\'b8 as in draughts.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large
extinct bird (<spn>Pezophaps solitaria</spn>) which formerly
inhabited the islands of Mauritius and Rodrigeuz. It was larger
and taller than the wild turkey. Its wings were too small for
flight. Called also <altname>solitary</altname>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any species of American thrushlike birds of the
genus <spn>Myadestes</spn>. They are noted their sweet songs and
retiring habits. Called also <altname>fly-catching
thrush</altname>. A West Indian species (<spn>Myadestes
sibilans</spn>) is called the <altname>invisible
bird</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sol`i*ta"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Solitary</er>.]</ety> <def>A hermit; a solitary.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir R. Twisden.</au>
<hw>Sol`ii*ta*ri"e*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
state of being solitary; solitariness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cudworth.</au>
<hw>Sol"i*ta*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
solitary manner; in solitude; alone.</def>
<au>Mic. vii. 14.</au>
<hw>Sol"i*ta*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Condition of being
solitary.</def>
<hw>Sol"i*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solitarius</ets>, fr. <ets>solus</ets> alone: cf. F.
<ets>solitaire</ets>. See <er>Sole</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Solitaire</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Living or being by
one's self; having no companion present; being without
associates; single; alone; lonely.</def>
<q>Those rare and <qex>solitary</qex>, these in flocks.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Hie home unto my chamber,
Where thou shalt find me, sad and <qex>solitary</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Performed, passed, or endured alone; <as>as, a
<ex>solitary</ex> journey; a <ex>solitary</ex> life</as>.</def>
<q>Satan . . . explores his <qex>solitary</qex> flight.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>ot much visited or frequented remote from
society; retired; lonely; <as>as, a <ex>solitary</ex> residence
or place</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not inhabited or occupied; without signs of
inhabitants or occupation; desolate; deserted; silent; still;
hence, gloomy; dismal; <as>as, the <ex>solitary</ex>
desert</as>.</def>
<q>How doth the city sit <qex>solitary</qex>, that was full of
people.</q>
<qau>Lam. i. 1.</qau>
<q>Let that night be <qex>solitary</qex>; let no joyful voice
come therein.</q>
<qau>Job iii. 7.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Single; individual; sole; <as>as, a
<ex>solitary</ex> instance of vengeance; a <ex>solitary</ex>
example</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not associated with others of
the same kind.</def>
<cs><col>Solitary ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any
solitary hymenopterous insect of the family
<spn>Mutillid\'91</spn>. The female of these insects is destitute
of wings and has a powerful sting. The male is winged and
resembles a wasp. Called also <altname>spider ant</altname>.</cd>
-- <col>Solitary bee</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species
of bee which does not form communities.</cd> -- <col>Solitary
sandpiper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American tattler
(<spn>Totanus solitarius</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Solitary
snipe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the great snipe.</cd>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Solitary thrush</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>the starling.</cd> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Sol"i*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
lives alone, or in solitude; an anchoret; a hermit; a
recluse.</def>
<hw>Sol"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from L.
<ets>solitudo</ets>, <ets>solus</ets> alone. See <er>Sole</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>state of being alone, or
withdrawn from society; a lonely life; loneliness.</def>
<q>Whosoever is delighted with <qex>solitude</qex> is either a
wild beast or a god.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>O <qex>Solitude</qex>! where are the charms
That sages have seen in thy face?</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Remoteness from society; destitution of company;
seclusion; -- said of places; <as>as, the <ex>solitude</ex> of a
wood</as>.</def>
<q>The <qex>solitude</qex> of his little parish is become matter
of great comfort to him.</q>
<qau>Law.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>solitary or lonely place; a desert or
wilderness.</def>
<q>In these deep <qex>solitudes</qex> and awful cells
Where heavenly pensive contemplation dwells.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<syn>Syn. Loneliness; soitariness; loneness; retiredness;
recluseness. -- <er>Solitude</er>, <er>Retirement</er>,
<er>Seclusion</er>, <er>Loneliness</er>.</syn>
<usage><xex>Retirement</xex> is a withdrawal from general
society, implying that a person has been engaged in its scenes.
<xex>Solitude</xex> describes the fact that a person is alone;
<xex>seclusion</xex>, that he is shut out from others, usually by
his own choice; <xex>loneliness</xex>, that he feels the pain and
oppression of being alone. Hence, <xex>retirement</xex> is
opposed to a gay, active, or public life; <xex>solitude</xex>, to
society; <xex>seclusion</xex>, to freedom of access on the part
of others; and <xex>loneliness</xex>, enjoyment of that society
which the heart demands.</usage>
<q>O blest <qex>retirement</qex>, friend to life's decline.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<q>Such only can enjoy the country who are capable of thinking
when they are there; then they are prepared for
<qex>solitude</qex>; and in that [the country]
<qex>solitude</qex> is prepared for them.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>It is a place of <qex>seclusion</qex> from the external
world.</q>
<qau>Bp. Horsley.</qau>
<q>These evils . . . seem likely to reduce it [a city] ere long
to the <qex>loneliness</qex> and the insignificance of a
village.</q>
<qau>Eustace.</qau>
<hw>So*liv"a*gant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solus</ets> alone + <ets>vagans</ets> wandering.]</ety>
<def>Wandering alone.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>T. Grander.</au>
<hw>So*liv"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solivagus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Solivagant.</def>
<hw>Sol"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>See
<er>Solar</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A platform in a shaft,
especially one of those between the series of ladders in a
shaft.</def>
<hw>Sol"lar</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover, or provide
with, a sollar.</def>
<hw>Sol"lein</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sullen;
sad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sol*ler*et"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>soleret</ets>im. fr. OF. <ets>soler</ets> shoe.]</ety>
<def>A flexible steel shoe (or one of the plates forming such a
shoe), worn with medi\'91val armor.</def>
<hw>Sol`mi*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>solmisation</ets>, fr. <ets>solmiser</ets> to sol-fa; --
called from the musical notes <ets>sol</ets>, <ets>mi</ets>. See
<er>Sol-fa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The act of
sol-faing.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>solmisation</asp>.]</altsp>
<note><hand/ This art was practiced by the Greeks; but six of the
seven syllables now in use are generally attributed to Guido d'
Arezzo, an Italian monk of the eleventh century, who is said to
have taken them from the first syllables of the first six lines
of the following stanza of a monkish hymn to St. John the
Baptist. --
<q><qex>Ut</qex> queant laxis
<qex>Re</qex>sonare fibris
<qex>Mi</qex>ra gestorum
<qex>Fa</qex>muli tuorum
<qex>Sol</qex>ve polluti
<qex>La</qex>bii reatum,
Sancte Joannes.</q>
Professor Skeat says the name of the seventh note, <xex>si</xex>,
was also formed by him [Guido] from the initials of the two words
of the last line; but this is disputed, Littr\'82 attributing the
first use of it to Anselm of Flanders long afterwards. The
syllable <xex>do</xex> is often substituted for <xex>ut</xex>.
</note>
<hw>So"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Solos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, It. <plw>Soli</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It., from L. <ets>solus</ets> alone.
See <er>Sole</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A
tune, air, strain, or a whole piece, played by a single person on
an instrument, or sung by a single voice.</def>
<hw>So"lo*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One who
sings or plays a solo.</def>
<hw>Sol"o*mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
kings of Israel, noted for his superior wisdom and magnificent
reign; hence, a very wise man.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sol`o*mon"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<cs><col>Solomon's seal</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a perennial
liliaceous plant of the genus <spn>Polygonatum</spn>, having
simple erect or curving stems rising from thick and knotted
rootstocks, and with white or greenish nodding flowers. The
commonest European species is <spn>Polygonatum multiflorum</spn>.
<spn>P. biflorum</spn> and <spn>P. giganteum</spn> are common in
the Eastern United States. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Rootstock</er>.</cd> <col>False Solomon's
seal</col></mcol><cd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant of the
liliaceous genus <spn>Smilacina</spn> having small whitish
flowers in terminal racemes or panicles.</cd></cs>
<hw>So"lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A celebrated
Athenian lawmaker, born about 638 <sc>b. c.</sc>; hence, a
legislator; a publicist; -- often used ironically.</def>
<hw>Sol*pu"gid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Solifug\'91.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
Solifug\'91.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Sol`pu*gid"e*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Solifug\'91</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Solifug\'91</er>.</def>
<hw>Sol"stice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>solstitium</ets>; <ets>sol</ets> the sun +
<ets>sistere</ets> to cause to stand, akin to <ets>stare</ets> to
stand: cf. F. <ets>solstice</ets>. See <er>Solar</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>, <er>Stand</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A stopping or standing still of the sun.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The point in
the ecliptic at which the sun is farthest from the equator, north
or south, namely, the first point of the sign Cancer and the
first point of the sign Capricorn, the former being the
<xex>summer solstice</xex>, latter the <xex>winter
solstice</xex>, in northern latitudes; -- so called because the
sun then apparently stands still in its northward or southward
motion.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The time of the sun's passing the
solstices, or solstitial points, namely, about June 21 and
December 21. See <xex>Illust</xex>. in Appendix.</def>
<-- p. 1370 -->
<hw>Sol*sti"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solstitialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>solsticial</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a solstice.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Happening at a solstice; esp. (with reference to
the northern hemisphere), happening at the summer solstice, or
midsummer.</def> \'bd<xex>Solstitial</xex> summer's heat.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sol`u*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>solubilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality,
condition, or degree of being soluble or solvable; <as>as, the
<ex>solubility</ex> of a salt; the <ex>solubility</ex> of a
problem or intricate difficulty</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The tendency to separate
readily into parts by spurious articulations, as the pods of tick
trefoil.</def>
<hw>Sol"u*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solubilis</ets>, fr. <ets>solvere</ets>, <ets>solutum</ets>,
to loosen, to dissolve: cf. F. <ets>soluble</ets>. See
<er>Solve</er>, and cf. <er>Solvable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Susceptible of being dissolved in a fluid; capable of
solution; <as>as, some substances are <ex>soluble</ex> in alcohol
which are not <ex>soluble</ex> in water</as>.</def>
<q>Sugar is . . . <qex>soluble</qex> in water and fusible in
fire.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Susceptible of being solved; <as>as, a
<ex>soluble</ex> algebraic problem</as>; susceptible of being
disentangled, unraveled, or explained; <as>as, the mystery is
perhaps <ex>soluble</ex></as>.</def> \'bdMore <xex>soluble</xex>
is this knot.\'b8
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Relaxed; open or readily opened.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe bowels must be kept
<xex>soluble</xex>.\'b8
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<cs><col>Soluble glass</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Glass</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sol"u*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being soluble.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8So"lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>masc. a.</pos>,
<hw>So"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>fem. a.</pos> }</mhw>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Alone; -- chiefly used in stage directions,
and the like.</def>
<hw>So*lute"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solutus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>solvere</ets> to loosen. See
<er>Solve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Loose; free; liberal;
<as>as, a <ex>solute</ex> interpretation</as>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relaxed; hence; merry; cheerful.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>A brow <qex>solute</qex>, and ever-laughing eye.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Soluble; <as>as, a <ex>solute</ex>
salt</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not adhering; loose; --
opposed to <xex>adnate</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>solute</ex>
stipule</as>.</def>
<hw>So*lute"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To dissolve;
to resolve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To absolve; <as>as, to <ex>solute</ex>
sin</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bale.</au>
<hw>So*lu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>solucion</ets>, OF. <ets>solucion</ets>, F.
<ets>solution</ets>, fr. L. <ets>solutio</ets>, fr.
<ets>solvere</ets>, <ets>solutum</ets>, to loosen, dissolve. See
<er>Solve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of separating the
parts of any body, or the condition of undergoing a separation of
parts; disruption; breach.</def>
<q>In all bodies there is an appetite of union and evitation of
<qex>solution</qex> of continuity.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of solving, or the state of being
solved; the disentanglement of any intricate problem or difficult
question; explanation; clearing up; -- used especially in
mathematics, either of the process of solving an equation or
problem, or the result of the process.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being dissolved or disintegrated;
resolution; disintegration.</def>
<q>It is unquestionably an enterprise of more promise to assail
the nations in their hour of faintness and <qex>solution</qex>,
than at a time when magnificent and seductive systems of worship
were at their height of energy and splendor.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Chem.Phys.)</fld> <def>The act or process by
which a body (whether solid, liquid, or gaseous) is absorbed into
a liquid, and, remaining or becoming fluid, is diffused
throughout the solvent; also, the product reulting from such
absorption.</def>
<note><hand/ When a solvent will not take in any more of a
substance the solution is said to be <xex>saturated</xex>.
Solution is two kinds; viz.: (<xex>a</xex>) <xex>Mechanical
solution</xex>, in which no marked chemical change takes place,
and in which, in the case of solids, teh dissolved body can be
regained by evaporation, as in the solution of salt or sugar in
water. (<xex>b</xex>) <xex>Chemical solution</xex>, in which
there is involved a decided chemical change, as when limestone or
zinc undergoes solution in hydrochloric acid. <xex>Mechanical
solution</xex> is regarded as a form of molecular or atomic
attraction, and is probably occasioned by the formation of
certain very weak and unstable compounds which are easily
dissociated and pass into new and similar compounds.</note>
<note><hand/ This word is not used in chemistry or mineralogy for
<xex>fusion</xex>, or the melting of bodies by the heat of
fire.</note>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>release; deliverance; disharge.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Barrow.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The termination
of a disease; resolution.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A crisis.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A liquid medicine or preparation (usually
aqueous) in which the solid ingredients are wholly soluble.</def>
<au>U. S. Disp.</au>
<cs><col>Fehling's solution</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a
standardized solution of cupric hydrate in sodium potassium
tartrate, used as a means of determining the reducing power of
certain sugars and sirups by the amount of red cuprous oxide
thrown down.</cd> -- <col>Heavy solution</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,
<cd>a liquid of high density, as a solution of mercuric iodide in
potassium iodide (called the <xex>Sonstadt<xex> or <xex>Thoulet
solution<xex>) having a maximum specific gravity of 3.2, or of
borotungstate of cadium (<xex>Klein solution<xex>, specific
gravity 3.6), and the like. Such solutions are much used in
determining the specific gravities of minerals, and in separating
them when mechanically mixed as in a pulverized rock.</cd> --
<col>Nessler's solution</col>. <cd>See <er>Nesslerize</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Solution of continuity</col>, <cd>the separation of
connection, or of connected substances or parts; -- applied, in
surgery, to a facture, laceration, or the like. \'bdAs in the
natural body a wound, or <xex>solution of continuity<xex>, is
worse than a corrupt humor, so in the spiritual.\'b8</cd>
<au>Bacon.</au> -- <col>Standardized solution</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a solution which is used as a reagent,
and is of a known and standard strength; specifically, a normal
solution, containing in each cubic centimeter as many milligrams
of the element in question as the number representing its atomic
weight; thus, a normal solution of silver nitrate would contain
107.7 mgr. of silver nitrate in each cubic centimeter.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sol"u*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>solutif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to dissolve; loosening;
laxative.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Solv`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>solvabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or
state of being solvable; <as>as, the <ex>solvability</ex> of a
difficulty; the <ex>solvability</ex> of a problem</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The condition of being solvent; ability to pay
all just debts; solvency; <as>as, the <ex>solvability</ex> of a
merchant</as>.</def>
<hw>Solv"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>solvable</ets>. See <er>Solve</er>, and cf.
<er>Soluble</er>, <er>Solvible</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Susceptible of being solved, resolved, or explained;
admitting of solution.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of being paid and discharged; <as>as,
<ex>solvable</ex> obligations</as>.</def>
<au>Tooke.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Able to pay one's debts; solvent.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Solv"a*ble*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality
of being solvable.</def>
<hw>Solve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Solved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Solving</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[L. <ets>solvere</ets>, <ets>solutum</ets>; from a prefix
<ets>so-</ets> expressing separation (cf. <er>Sober</er>) +
<ets>luere</ets> to loosen; cf. OF. <ets>soldre</ets>,
<ets>soudre</ets>. See <er>Loose</er>, and cf.
<er>Absolve</er>.]</ety> <def>To explain; to resolve; to unfold;
to clear up out to a result or conclusion; <as>as, to
<ex>solve</ex> a doubt; to <ex>solve</ex> difficulties; to
<ex>solve</ex> a problem</as>.</def>
<q>True piety would effectually <qex>solve</qex> such
scruples.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<q>God shall <qex>solve</qex> the dark decrees of fate.</q>
<qau>Tickell.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To explain; resolve; unfold; clear up.</syn>
<hw>Solve</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A solution; an
explanation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sol"ven*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Solvent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being
solvent.</def>
<hw>Sol"vend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solvendus</ets> to be loosened or dissolved, fr.
<ets>solvere</ets>. See <er>Solution</er>.]</ety> <def>A
substance to be dissolved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sol"vent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>solvens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>solvere</ets>. See
<er>Solvable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the power of
dissolving; dissolving; <as>as, a <ex>solvent</ex>
fluid</as>.</def> \'bdthe <xex>solvent</xex> body.\'b8
<au>Boyle.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Able or sufficient to pay all just debts;
<as>as, a <ex>solvent</ex> merchant; the estate is
<ex>solvent</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sol"vent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
substance (usually liquid) suitable for, or employed in,
solution, or in dissolving something; <as>as, water is the
appropriate <ex>solvent</ex> of most salts, alcohol of resins,
ether of fats, and mercury or acids of metal, etc.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which resolves; <as>as, a <ex>solvent</ex>
of mystery</as>.</def>
<hw>Sol"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, solves.</def>
<hw>Solv"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Solvable</er>.</def>
<hw>Sol"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Solely.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>\'d8So"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.
<?/, <?/, the body.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The whole
axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck, trunk, and
tail.</def>
<au>B. G. Wilder.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>So"maj"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sa*maj"</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A society; a
congregation; a worshiping assembly, or church, esp. of the
Brahmo-somaj.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>So*ma"li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>So*mal"</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A
Hamitic people of East Central Africa.</def>
<hw>So*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr.
<?/ the body.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the
body as a whole; corporeal; <as>as, <ex>somatic</ex> death;
<ex>somatic</ex> changes</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the wall of the body;
somatopleuric; parietal; <as>as, the <ex>somatic</ex> stalk of
the yolk sac of an embryo</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Somatic death</col>. <cd>See the Note under
<er>Death</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</cd></cs>
<hw>So*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Somatic.</def>
<hw>So*mat"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The science
which treats of the general properties of matter;
somatology.</def>
<hw>So"ma*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
admits the existence of material beings only; a
materialist.</def>
<au>Glanvill.</au>
<hw>So"ma*to*cyst</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
<?/, body + <?/ a bladder.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
cavity in the primary nectocalyx of certain Siphonophora. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Nectocalyx</er>.</def>
<hw>So`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/, <?/, body + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
dictrine or the science of the general properties of material
substances; somatics.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A treatise on the human body; anatomy.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>So"ma*tome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
body + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & (Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Somite</er>.</def>
<hw>So"ma*to*pleure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/, <?/, body + <?/ side.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The
outer, or parietal, one of the two lamell\'91 into which the
vertebrate blastoderm divides on either side of the notochord,
and from which the walls of the body and the amnion are
developed. See <er>Splanchopleure</er>.</def>
<hw>So`ma*to*pleu"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>of or pertaining to the
somatopleure.</def>
<hw>So`ma*tot"ro*pism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/, <?/, the body + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>
<def>A directive influence exercised by a mass of matter upon
growing organs.</def>
<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Som"ber</hw>, <hw>Som"bre</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?;
277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sombre</ets>; cf. Sp.
<ets>sombra</ets>, shade, prob. from LL. <ets>subumbrare</ets> to
put in the shade; L. <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>umbra</ets>
shade. See <er>Umbrage</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Dull; dusky;
somewhat dark; gloomy; <as>as, a <ex>somber</ex> forest; a
<ex>somber</ex> house.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Melancholy; sad; grave; depressing; <as>as, a
<ex>somber</ex> person; <ex>somber</ex> reflections.</as></def>
<q>The dinner was silent and <qex>somber</qex>; happily it was
also short.</q>
<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Som"ber</hw>, <hw>Som"bre</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> <def>To make somber, or dark; to make shady.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Som"ber</hw>, <hw>Som"bre</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Gloom; obscurity; duskiness; somberness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Som"ber*ly</hw>, <hw>Som"bre*ly</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a somber manner; sombrously; gloomily;
despondingly.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Som"ber*ness</hw>, <hw>Som"bre*ness</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of being somber;
gloominess.</def>
<hw>\'d8Som*bre"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,
from <ets>sombra</ets> shade. See <er>Sombre</er>.]</ety> <def>A
kind of broad-brimmed hat, worn in Spain and in Spanish
America.</def>
<au>Marryat.</au>
<hw>Som"brous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sp.
<ets>sombroso</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gloomy; somber.</def> \'bdTall
and <xex>sombrous</xex> pines.\'b8
<au>Longfellow.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Som"brous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Som"brous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>-some</hw> <pr>(-s<omac/m)</pr>. <def>A combining form or
suffix from Gr. <grk>sw^ma</grk> (gen. <grk>sw`matos</grk>) the
<xex>body</xex>; <as>as in mero<ex>some</ex>, a body segment;
cephalo<ex>some</ex>, etc.</as></def>
<hw>-some</hw> <pr>(-s<ucr/m)</pr>. <ety>[AS. <ets>-sum</ets>;
akin to G. & OHG. <ets>-sam</ets>, Icel. <ets>samr</ets>, Goth.
lustu<ets>sams</ets> longed for. See <er>Same</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Some</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<def>An adjective suffix having primarily the sense of
<xex>like</xex> or <xex>same</xex>, and indicating a considerable
degree of the thing or quality denoted in the first part of the
compound; as in mettle<xex>some</xex>, full of mettle or spirit;
glad<xex>some</xex>, full of gladness; win<xex>some</xex>,
blithe<xex>some</xex>, etc.
<hw>Some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>som</ets>, <ets>sum</ets>, AS. <ets>sum</ets>; akin to OS.,
OFries., & OHG. <ets>sum</ets>, OD. <ets>som</ets>, D.
<ets>sommig</ets>, Icel. <ets>sumr</ets>, Dan. <ets>somme</ets>
(pl.), Sw. <ets>somlige</ets> (pl.), Goth. <ets>sums</ets>, and
E. <ets>same</ets>. <root/191. See <er>Same</er>, <pos>a.</pos>,
and cf. <er>-some</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of a
greater or less portion or sum; composed of a quantity or number
which is not stated; -- used to express an indefinite quantity or
number; <as>as, <ex>some</ex> wine; <ex>some</ex> water;
<ex>some</ex> persons</as>. Used also pronominally; <as>as, I
have <ex>some</ex></as>.</def>
<q><qex>Some</qex> theoretical writers allege that there was a
time when there was no such thing as society.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A certain; one; -- indicating a person, thing,
event, etc., as not known individually, or designated more
specifically; <as>as, <ex>some</ex> man, that is, some one
man</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Some</xex> brighter clime.\'b8
<au>Mrs. Barbauld.</au>
<q><qex>Some</qex> man praiseth his neighbor by a wicked
intent.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Most gentlemen of property, at <qex>some</qex> period or other
of their lives, are ambitious of representing their county in
Parliament.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not much; a little; moderate; <as>as, the
censure was to <ex>some</ex> extent just</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>About; near; more or less; -- used commonly with
numerals, but formerly also with a singular substantive of time
or distance; <as>as, a village of <ex>some</ex> eighty houses;
<ex>some</ex> two or three persons; <ex>some</ex> hour
hence</as>.</def><-- approximately. -->
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The number slain on the rebel's part were <qex>some</qex> two
thousand.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Considerable in number or quality.</def>
\'bdBore us <xex>some</xex> leagues to sea.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>On its outer point, <qex>some</qex> miles away.
The lighthouse lifts its massive masonry.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Certain; those of one part or portion; -- in
distinct from <xex>other</xex> or <xex>others</xex>; <as>as,
<ex>some</ex> men believe one thing, and <ex>others</ex>
another</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Some</qex> [seeds] fell among thorns; . . . but
<qex>other</qex> fell into good ground.</q>
<qau>Matt. xiii. 7, 8.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A part; a portion; -- used pronominally, and
followed sometimes by <xex>of</xex>; <as>as, <ex>some</ex> of our
provisions</as>.</def>
<q>Your edicts <qex>some</qex> reclaim from sins,
But most your life and blest example wins.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<cs><col>All and some</col>, <cd>one and all. See under
<er>All</er>, <pos>adv.</pos></cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>
<note><hand/ The illiterate in the United States and Scotland
often use <xex>some</xex> as an adverb, instead of
<xex>somewhat</xex>, or an equivalent expression; as, I am
<xex>some</xex> tired; he is <xex>some</xex> better; it rains
<xex>some</xex>, etc.</note>
<cs><col>Some . . . some</col>, <cd>one part . . . another part;
these . . . those; -- used distributively.</cd></cs>
<q><qex>Some</qex> to the shores do fly,
<qex>Some</qex> to the woods, or whither fear advised.</q>
<qau>Daniel.</qau>
<note><hand/ Formerly used also of single persons or things: this
one . . . that one; one . . . another.</note>
<q><qex>Some</qex> in his bed, <qex>some</qex> in the deep
sea.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Some"bod*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A person unknown or uncertain; a person indeterminate; some
person.</def>
<q>Jesus said, <qex>Somebody</qex> hath touched me.</q>
<qau>Luke viii. 46.</qau>
<q>We must draw in <qex>somebody</qex> that may stand
\'bdTwixt us and danger.\'b8</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person of consideration or importance.</def>
<q>Before these days rose up Theudas, boasting himself to be
<qex>somebody</qex>.</q>
<qau>Acts v. 36.</qau>
<hw>Some"deal`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In some
degree; somewhat.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>sumdel</asp>,
<asp>sumdeale</asp>, and <asp>sumdele</asp>.]</altsp>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdShe was <xex>somedeal</xex> deaf.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Thou lackest <qex>somedeal</qex> their delight.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Some"how`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In one way
or another; in some way not yet known or designated; by some
means; <as>as, the thing must be done <ex>somehow</ex>; he lives
<ex>somehow</ex>.</as></def>
<q>By their action upon one another they may be swelled
<qex>somehow</qex>, so as to shorten the length.</q>
<qau>Cheyne.</qau>
<note><hand/ The indefiniteness of <xex>somehow</xex> is
emphasized by the addition of <xex>or other</xex>.</note>
<q>Although youngest of the familly, he has <qex>somehow or
other</qex> got the entire management of all the others.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Som"er*sault</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Som"er*set</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>soubresaut</ets> a jump, leap, OF. <ets>soubresault</ets>,
It. <ets>soprassalto</ets> an overleap, fr. L. <ets>supra</ets>
over + <ets>saltus</ets> a leap, fr. <ets>salire</ets> to leap;
or the French may be from Sp. <ets>sobresalto</ets> a sudden
asault, a surprise. See <er>Supra</er>, and
<ets>Salient</ets>.]</ety> <def>A leap in which a person turns
his heels over his head and lights upon his feet; a turning end
over end.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>summersault</asp>,
<asp>sommerset</asp>, <asp>summerset</asp>, etc.]</altsp> \'bdThe
vaulter's <xex>sombersalts</xex>.\'b8
<au>Donne.</au>
<q>Now I'll only
Make him break his neck in doing a <qex>sommerset</qex>.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<hw>Some"thing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Anything unknown, undetermined, or not specifically
designated; a certain indefinite thing; an indeterminate or
unknown event; an unspecified task, work, or thing.</def>
<q>There is <qex>something</qex> in the wind.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The whole world has <qex>something</qex> to do,
<qex>something</qex> to talk of, <qex>something</qex> to wish
for, and <qex>something</qex> to be employed about.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q><qex>Something</qex> attemped, <qex>something</qex> done,
Has earned a night's repose.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A part; a portion, more or less; an indefinite
quantity or degree; a little.</def>
<q><qex>Something</qex> yet of doubt remains.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q><qex>Something</qex> of it arises from our infant state.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person or thing importance.</def>
<q>If a man thinketh himself to be <qex>something</qex>, when he
is nothing, he deceiveth himself.</q>
<qau>Gal. vi. 3.</qau>
<hw>Some"thing</hw><def>, adv. In some degree; somewhat; to some
exrent; at some distance.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>I <qex>something</qex> fear my father's wrath.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>We have <qex>something</qex> fairer play than a reasoner could
have expected formerly.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<q>My sense of touch is <qex>something</qex> coarse.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<q>It must be done to-night,
And <qex>something</qex> from the palace.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Some"time`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>At a past time indefinitely referred to; once;
formerly.</def>
<q>Did they not <qex>sometime</qex> cry \'bdAll hail\'b8 to
me?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>At a time undefined; once in a while; now and
then; sometimes.</def>
<q><qex>Sometime</qex> we see a cloud that's dragonish,
A vapor <qex>sometime</qex> like a bear or lion.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>At one time or other hereafter; <as>as, I will
do it <ex>sometime</ex></as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Sometime</xex> he
reckon shall.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<-- p. 1371 -->
<hw>Some"time`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having been
formerly; former; late; whilom.</def>
<q>Our <qex>sometime</qex> sister, now our queen.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Ion, our <qex>sometime</qex> darling, whom we prized.</q>
<qau>Talfourd.</qau>
<hw>Some"times`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sometime</ets> + adverbial ending <ets>-s</ets>, as in
<ets>-wards</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Formerly;
sometime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>That fair and warlike form
In which the majesty of buried Denmark
Did <qex>sometimes</qex> march.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>At times; at intervals; now and
then;occasionally.</def>
<q>It is good that we <qex>sometimes</qex> be contradicted.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<cs><col>Sometimes . . . sometimes</col>, <cd>at certain times .
. . at certain other times; as, <xex>sometimes<xex> he is
earnest, <xex>sometimes<xex> he is frivolous.</cd></cs>
<hw>Some"times`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Former; sometime.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Thy <qex>sometimes</qex> brother's wife.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Some"what`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>More or less; a certain quantity or degree; a part, more or
less; something.</def>
<q>These salts have <qex>somewhat</qex> of a nitrous taste.</q>
<qau>Grew.</qau>
<q><qex>Somewhat</qex> of his good sense will suffer, in this
transfusion, and much of the beauty of his thoughts will be
lost.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person or thing of importance; a
somebody.</def>
<q>Here come those that worship me.
They think that I am <qex>somewhat</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Some"what`</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In some degree or
measure; a little.</def>
<q>His giantship is gone, <qex>somewhat</qex> crestfallen.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q><qex>Somewhat</qex> back from the village street.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>Some"when`</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>At some indefinite
time.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Some"where`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In some
place unknown or not specified; in one place or another.</def>
\'bd<xex>Somewhere</xex> nigh at hand.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Some"while`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Once; for
a time.</def>
<q>Though, under color of shepherds, <qex>somewhile</qex>
There crept in wolves, full of fraund and guile.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Some"whith`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>To some
indeterminate place; to some place or other.</def>
<q>Driven by the winds of temptation <qex>somewhither</qex>.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>
<hw>So"mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
body.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.& Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the actual
or ideal serial segments of which an animal, esp. an articulate
or vertebrate, is is composed; somatome; metamere. --
<wordforms><wf>So*mit`ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>\'d8Som`meil"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Slumber; sleep.</def>
<hw>Som"mer*set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Somersault</er>.</def>
<hw>Som*nam"bu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to somnambulism; somnambulistic.</def>
<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>
<hw>Som*nam"bu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos>
<def>To walk when <?/sleep.</def>
<hw>Som*nam`bu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>somnus</ets> sleep + <ets>ambulatio</ets> a walking about,
from <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk. See <er>Somnolent</er>,
<er>Amble</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of walking in sleep.</def>
<hw>Som*nam"bu*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
somnambulist.</def>
<hw>Som*nam"bule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>A somnambulist.</def>
<hw>Som*nam"bu*lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Somnambulistic.</def>
<hw>Som*nam"bu*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>somnambulisme</ets>. See <er>Somnambulation</er>.]</ety>
<def>A condition of the nervous system in which an individual
during sleep performs actions approppriate to the waking state; a
state of sleep in which some of the senses and voluntary powers
are partially awake; noctambulism.</def>
<hw>Som*nam"bu*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
person who is subject to somnambulism; one who walks in his
sleep; a sleepwalker; a noctambulist.</def>
<hw>Som*nam`bu*lis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
or pertaining to a somnambulist or somnambulism; affected by
somnambulism; appropriate to the state of a somnambulist.</def>
<q>Whether this was an intentional and waking departure, or a
<qex>somnambulistic</qex> leave-taking and waking in her sleep,
may remain a subject of contention.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<hw>Som"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
summon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Som"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A summoner;
esp., one who summons to an ecclesiastical court.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<hw>Som"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spmnialis</ets> dream bringing, fr. <ets>somnium</ets>
dream, fr. <ets>somnus</ets> sleep.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining
to sleep or dreams.</def>
<q>The <qex>somnial</qex> magic superinducted on, without
suspending, the active powers of the mind.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Som"ni*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somnial;
somniatory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Som"ni*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to sleep or dreams; somnial.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
R.]</mark>
<au>Urquhart.</au>
<hw>Som*nic"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>somniculosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inclined to sleep; drowsy;
sleepy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Som*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>somnifer</ets>; <ets>somnus</ets> sleep + <ets>ferre</ets>
to bring.]</ety> <def>Causing or inducing sleep; soporific;
dormitive; <as>as, a <ex>somniferous</ex> potion</as>.</def>
<au>Walton.</au>
<hw>Som*nif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>somnificus</ets>; <ets>somnus</ets> sleep +
<ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Causing sleep;
somniferous.</def>
<hw>Som*nif"u*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>somnus</ets> sleep + <ets>fugare</ets> to put to
flight.]</ety> <def>Driving away sleep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Som*nil"o*quence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of talking in one's sleep; somniloquism.</def>
<hw>Som*nil"o*quism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
or habit of talking in one's sleep; somniloquy.</def>
<au>Coleridge.</au>
<hw>Som*nil"o*quist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who talks in his
sleep.</def>
<hw>Som*nil"o*quous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>somnus</ets> sleep + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety>
<def>Apt to talk in sleep.</def>
<hw>Som*nil"o*quy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A talking
in sleep; the talking of one in a state of somnipathy.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Coleridge.</au>
<hw>Som*nip"a*thist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
person in a state of somniapathy.</def>
<hw>Som*nip"a*thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>somnus</ets> sleep + Gr. <?/ a suffering of the body, fr.
<?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <def>Sleep from sympathy, or produced
by mesmerism or the like.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>somnopathy</asp>.]</altsp>
<mhw>{ <hw>Som"no*lence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Som"no*len*cy</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>somnolentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>somnolence</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Sleepiness; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.</def>
<hw>Som"no*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>somnolent</ets>, L. <ets>somnolentus</ets>, from
<ets>somnus</ets> sleep, akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>svapna</ets>
sleep, dream, <ets>svap</ets> to sleep, Icel. <ets>sofa</ets>,
AS. <ets>swefn</ets> sleep. Cf. <er>Hypnotic</er>,
<er>Somnambulism</er>, <er>Soporific</er>.]</ety> <def>Sleepy;
drowsy; inclined to sleep.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Som"no*lent*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<q>He had no eye for such phenomens, because he had a
<qex>somnolent</qex> want of interest in them.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Som"no*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
somnolent state induced by animal magnetism.</def>
<au>Thomas (Med. Dict.).</au>
<hw>Som*nop"a*thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Somnipathy.</def>
<hw>Som"nour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A summoner; an
apparitor; a sompnour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Som"on*aunce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Som"once</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Summon</er>,
<er>Summons</er>.]</ety> <def>A summons; a citation.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Som"mon*our</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
summoner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Somp"ne</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
summon; to cite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Somp"nour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
summoner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sone</ets>, <ets>sune</ets>, AS. <ets>sunu</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>zoon</ets>, OS., OFries., & OHG. <ets>sunu</ets>, G.
<ets>sohn</ets>, Icel. <ets>sonr</ets>, Sw. <ets>son</ets>, Dan.
<ets>s\'94n</ets>, Goth. <ets>sunus</ets>, Lith.
<ets>sunus</ets>, Russ. <ets>suin'</ets>, Skr. <ets>s\'d4nu</ets>
(from <ets>s\'d4</ets> to beget, to bear), and Gr. <?/ son.
\'fb293. Cf. <er>Sow</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A male child; the male issue, or offspring, of a parent,
father or mother.</def>
<q>Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a <qex>son</qex>.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxi. 2.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A male descendant, however distant; hence, in
the plural, descendants in general.</def>
<q>I am the <qex>son</qex> of the wise, the <qex>son</qex> of
ancient kings.</q>
<qau>Isa. xix. 11.</qau>
<q>I am the Lord, I change not; therefore ye <qex>sons</qex> of
Jacob are not consumed.</q>
<qau>Mal. iii. 6.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any young male person spoken of as a child; an
adopted male child; a pupil, ward, or any other male
dependent.</def>
<q>The child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter,
and he became her <qex>son</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ex. ii. 10.</qau>
<q>Be plain, good <qex>son</qex>, and homely in thy drift.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of some specified place;
<as>as, <ex>sons</ex> of Albion; <ex>sons</ex> of New
England</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The produce of anything.</def>
<q>Earth's tall <qex>sons</qex>, the cedar, oak, and pine.</q>
<qau>Blackmore.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> (Commonly with the def. article) <def>Jesus Christ,
the Savior; -- called the <xex>Son</xex> of God, and the
<xex>Son</xex> of man.</def>
<q>We . . . do testify that the Father sent the <qex>Son</qex> to
be the Savior of the world.</q>
<qau>1 John iv. 14.</qau>
<q>Who gave His <qex>Son</qex> sure all has given.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>
<note><hand/ The expressions <xex>son of pride</xex>, <xex>sons
of light</xex>, <xex>son of Belial</xex>, are Hebraisms, which
denote persons possessing the qualitites of pride, of light, or
of Belial, as children inherit the qualities of their
ancestors.</note>
<cs><col>Sons of the prophets</col>. <cd>See <xex>School of the
prophets<xex>, under <er>Prophet</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>So"nance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
sound; a tune; <as>as, to sound the tucket
<ex>sonance</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being sonant.</def>
<hw>So"nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sonans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>sonare</ets>
to sound. See <er>Sound</er> a noise.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of
or pertaining to sound; sounding.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Uttered, as an element of
speech, with tone or proper vocal sound, as distinguished from
mere breath sound; intonated; voiced; tonic; the opposite of
<xex>nonvocal</xex>, or <xex>surd</xex>; -- sid of the vowels,
semivowels, liquids, and nasals, and particularly of the
consonants <xex>b</xex>, <xex>d</xex>, <xex>g</xex> hard,
<xex>v</xex>, etc., as compared with their cognates <xex>p</xex>,
<xex>t</xex>, <xex>k</xex>, <xex>f</xex>, etc., which are called
<xex>nonvocal</xex>, <xex>surd</xex>, or
<xex>aspirate</xex>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A sonant
letter.</def></def2>
<hw>So*na"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., fr. It.
& L. <ets>sonare</ets> to sound. See <er>Sound</er> a
noise.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An extended composition for
one or two instruments, consisting usually of three or four
movements; <as>as, Beethoven's <ex>sonatas</ex> for the piano,
for the violin and piano, etc.</as></def>
<note><hand/ The same general structure prevails in symphonies,
instrumental trios, quartets, etc., and even in classical
concertos. The sonata form, distinctively, characterizes the
quick opening movement, which may have a short, slow
introduction; the second, or slow, movement is either in the song
or variation form; third comes the playful minuet of the more
modern scherzo; then the quick finale in the rondo form. But both
form and order are sometimes exceptional.</note>
<hw>\'d8So`na*ti"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short and simple
sonata.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Son"cy</hw>, <hw>Son"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Scot. <ets>sonce</ets>, <ets>sons</ets>,
prosperity, happiness, fr. Gael. & Ir. <ets>sonas</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Lucky; fortunate; thriving; plump.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sonde</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>sand</ets>. See <er>Send</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>That which is sent; a message or
messenger; hence, also, a visitation of providence; an affliction
or trial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Ye have enough, parde, of Goddes <qex>sond</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Son"de*li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The musk shrew. See under
<er>Musk</er>.</def>
<hw>Song</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>song</ets>, <ets>sang</ets>, fr. <ets>singan</ets> to sing;
akin to D. <ets>zang</ets>, G. <ets>sang</ets>, Icel.
<ets>s\'94ngr</ets>, Goeth. <ets>sagws</ets>. See
<er>Sing</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is sung or
uttered with musical modulations of the voice, whether of a human
being or of a bird, insect, etc.</def> \'bdThat most ethereal of
all sounds, the <xex>song</xex> of crickets.\'b8
<au>Hawthorne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lyrical poem adapted to vocal music; a
ballad.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>More generally, any poetical strain; a
poem.</def>
<q>The bard that first adorned our native tongue
Tuned to his British lyre this ancient <qex>song</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Poetical composition; poetry; verse.</def>
<q>This subject for heroic <qex>song</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>An object of derision; a laughingstock.</def>
<q>And now am I their <qex>song</qex>. yea, I am their
byword.</q>
<qau>Job xxx. 9.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A trifle.</def> \'bdThe soldier's pay is a
<xex>song</xex>.\'b8
<au>Silliman.</au>
<cs><col>Old song</col>, <cd>a trifle; nothing of value. \'bdI do
not intend to be thus put off with an <xex>old
song<xex>.\'b8</cd> <au>Dr. H. More.</au> -- <col>Song bird</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any singing bird; one of the
Oscines.</cd> -- <col>Song sparrow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>a very common North American sparrow (<spn>Melospiza
fasciata</spn>, or <spn>M. melodia</spn>) noted for the sweetness
of its song in early spring. Its breast is covered with dusky
brown streaks which form a blotch in the center. -- <col>Song
thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common European thrush
(<spn>Turdus musicus</spn>), noted for its melodius song; --
called also <altname>mavis</altname>,
<altname>throsite</altname>, and
<altname>thrasher</altname>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Sonnet; ballad; canticle; carol; canzonet; ditty;
hymn; descant; lay; strain; poesy; verse.</syn>
<hw>Song"craft`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art of
making songs or verse; metrical composition; versification.</def>
<q>A half-effected inscription.
Written with little skill of <qex>songcraft</qex>.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>Song"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disposed to
sing; full of song.</def>
<hw>Song"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of songs.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Song"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of the power of
song; without song; <as>as, <ex>songless</ex> birds;
<ex>songless</ex> woods</as>.</def>
<hw>Song"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sangestre</ets> a female singer.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who sings; one skilled in singing; -- not often applied to human
beings.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A singing bird.</def>
<hw>Song"stress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Songster</er>, and <er>-ess</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman who
sings; a female singing bird.</def>
<au>Thomson.</au>
<hw>Son"i*fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See
<er>Soniferous</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of ear trumpet for the
deaf, or the partially deaf.</def>
<hw>So*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sonus</ets> sound + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Sounding; producing sound; conveying sound.</def>
<hw>Son`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sonus</ets> sound + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make.
See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of producing sound, as the
stridulation of insects.</def>
<hw>Son"-in-law`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sons-in-law</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The husband of
one's daughter; a man in his relationship to his wife's
parents.</def>
<q>To take me as for thy <qex>son in lawe</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Son"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being without a son.</def>
<au>Marston.</au>
<q>As no baron who was <qex>sonless</qex> could give a husband to
his daughter, save with his lord's consent.</q>
<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>
<hw>Son"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. It.
<ets>sonetto</ets>, fr. <ets>suono</ets> a sound, a song, fr. L.
<ets>sonus</ets> a sound. See <er>Sound</er> noise.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A short poem, -- usually amatory.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>He had a wonderful desire to chant a <qex>sonnet</qex> or hymn
unto Apollo Pythius.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A poem of fourteen lines, -- two stanzas, called
the <xex>octave</xex>, being of four verses each, and two
stanzas, called the <xex>sestet</xex>, of three verses each, the
rhymes being adjusted by a particular rule.</def>
<note><hand/ In the proper sonnet each line has five accents, and
the octave has but two rhymes, the second, third, sixth, and
seventh lines being of one thyme, and the first, fourth, fifth,
and eighth being of another. In the sestet there are sometimes
two and sometimes three rhymes; but in some way its two stazas
rhyme together. Often the three lines of the first stanza rhyme
severally with the three lines of the second. In Shakespeare's
sonnets, the first twelve lines rhymed alternately, and the last
two rhyme together.</note>
<hw>Son"net</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To compose sonnets.</def>
\'bdStrains that come almost to <xex>sonneting</xex>.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Son`net*eer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A composer
of sonnets, or small poems; a small poet; -- usually in
contempt.</def>
<q>What woful stuff this madrigal would be
In some starved hackney <qex>sonneteer</qex> or me!</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Son`net*eer"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To compose
sonnets.</def>
<au>Lowell.</au>
<hw>Son"net*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A composer
of sonnets.</def>
<hw>Son"net*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sonneter, or
sonneteer.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Son"net*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
compose sonnets.</def>
<hw>Son"nish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like the sun;
sunny; golden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdHer
<xex>sonnish</xex> hairs.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Son"nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sunnite</er>.</def>
<hw>So*nom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sonus</ets> a sound + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for exhibiting the
transverse vibrations of cords, and ascertaining the relations
between musical notes. It consists of a cord stretched by weight
along a box, and divided into different lengths at pleasure by a
bridge, the place of which is determined by a scale on the face
of the box.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for testing the hearing
capacity.</def>
<hw>Son`o*rif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sonor</ets>, <ets>-oris</ets>, a sound + <ets>facere</ets>
to make. See <er>Sonorous</er>.]</ety> <def>Producing sound;
<as>as, the <ex>sonorific</ex> quality of a body</as>.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>I. Watts.</au>
<hw>So*nor"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sonoritas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being
sonorous; sonorousness.</def>
<hw>So*no"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sonorus</ets>, fr. <ets>sonor</ets>, <ets>-oris</ets>, a
sound, akin to <ets>sonus</ets> a sound. See
<er>Sound</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Giving sound when struck;
resonant; <as>as, <ex>sonorous</ex> metals</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Loud-sounding; giving a clear or loud sound;
<as>as, a <ex>sonorous</ex> voice</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Yielding sound; characterized by sound; vocal;
sonant; <as>as, the vowels are <ex>sonorous</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Impressive in sound; high-sounding.</def>
<q>The Italian opera, amidst all the meanness and familiarty of
the thoughts, has something beautiful and <qex>sonorous</qex> in
the expression.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>There is nothing of the artificial Johnsonian balance in his
style. It is as often marked by a pregnant brevity as by a
<qex>sonorous</qex> amplitude.</q>
<qau>E. Everett.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Sonant; vibrant; hence, of
sounds produced in a cavity, deep-toned; <as>as,
<ex>sonorous</ex> rhonchi</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sonorous figures</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>figures
formed by the vibrations of a substance capable of emitting a
musical tone, as when the bow of a violin is drawn along the edge
of a piece of glass or metal on which sand is strewed, and the
sand arranges itself in figures according to the musical tone.
Called also <altname>acoustic figures</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Sonorous tumor</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a tumor which
emits a clear, resonant sound on percussion.</cd></cs>
-- <wordforms><wf>So*no"rous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>So*no"rous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Son"ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of
being a son, or of bearing the relation of a son;
filiation.</def>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Son"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Soncy</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Burns.</au>
<hw>Son"tag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from
from Mme. Henriette <ets>Sontag</ets>, a famous singer.]</ety>
<def>A knitted worsted jacket, worn over the waist of a woman's
dress.</def>
<-- p. 1372 -->
<hw>Son"ties</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Probably from
\'bd<xex>saintes</xex>\'b8 saints, or from <xex>sanctities</xex>;
-- used as an oath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Soo*shong"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Souchong</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Soo"dra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Same as
<er>Sudra</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Soo"fee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Soo"fee*ism</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>. <def>Same as <er>Sufi</er>,
<er>Sufism</er>.</def>
<hw>Soo"jee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Suji</er>.</def>
<hw>Soon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sone</ets>, AS. <ets>s<?/na</ets>; cf. OFries.
<ets>s<?/n</ets>, OS. <ets>s\'bena</ets>, <ets>s\'beno</ets>,
OHG. <ets>s\'ber</ets>, Goth. <ets>suns</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>In a short time; shortly after any time specified or
supposed; <as>as, <ex>soon</ex> after sunrise</as>.</def>
\'bd<xex>Sooner</xex> said than done.\'b8 <au>Old Proverb.</au>
\'bdAs <xex>soon</xex> as it might be.\'b8 <au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>She finished, and the subtle fiend his lore
<qex>Soon</qex> learned.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without the usual delay; before any time
supposed; early.</def>
<q>How is it that ye are come so <qex>soon</qex> to-day?</q>
<qau>Ex. ii. 18.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Promptly; quickly; easily.</def>
<q>Small lights are <qex>soon</qex> blown out, huge fires
abide.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Readily; willingly; -- in this sense used with
<xex>would</xex>, or some other word expressing
<xex>will</xex>.</def>
<q>I would as <qex>soon</qex> see a river winding through woods
or in meadows, as when it is tossed up in so many whimsical
figures at Versailles.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>As soon as</col>, <or/ <col>So soon
as</col></mcol>, <cd>imediately at or after another event.
\'bd<xex>As soon as<xex> he came nigh unto the camp . . . he saw
the calf, and the dancing.\'b8</cd> <au>Ex. xxxii. 19.</au> See
<cref>So . . . as</cref>, under <er>So</er>. -- <col>Soon
at</col>, <cd>as soon as; or, as soon as the time referred to
arrives.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdI shall be sent for
<xex>soon at</xex> night.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> -- <col>Sooner or
later</col>, <cd>at some uncertain time in the future; <as>as, he
will discover his mistake <ex>sooner or later</ex></as>.</cd> --
<col>With the soonest</col>, <cd>as soon as any; among the
earliest; too soon.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
</cs>
<hw>Soon</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Speedy; quick.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Soo"nee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sunnite</er>.</def>
<hw>Soon"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Soon.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Soord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Skin of
bacon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Soor"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind. & Per.
<ets>surma</ets>.]</ety> <def>A preparation of antimony with
which Mohammedan men anoint their eyelids.</def>
<hw>Soo*shong"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Souchong</er>.</def>
<hw>Soo"soo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of dolphin (<spn>Platanista
Gangeticus</spn>) native of the river Ganges; the Gangetic
dolphin. It has a long, slender, somewhat spatulate beak.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>susu</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Soot</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sot</ets>, AS. <ets>s<?/t</ets>; akin to Icel.
<ets>s<?/t</ets>, Sw. <ets>sot</ets>, Dan. <ets>sod</ets>, OD.
<ets>soet</ets>, Lith. <ets>s<?/dis</ets>; cf. Gael.
<ets>suith</ets>, Ir. <ets>suth</ets>.]</ety> <def>A black
substance formed by combustion, or disengaged from fuel in the
process of combustion, which rises in fine particles, and adheres
to the sides of the chimney or pipe conveying the smoke;
strictly, the fine powder, consisting chiefly of carbon, which
colors smoke, and which is the result of imperfect combustion.
See <er>Smoke</er>.</def><-- of "incomplete" combustion -->
<hw>Soot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sooted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sooting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or dress with soot;
to smut with, or as with, soot; <as>as, to <ex>soot</ex>
land</as>.</def>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Soot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Soot"e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sweet</er>.]</ety>
<def>Sweet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>soote</xex>
savour of the vine.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Soot"er*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov.
G. <ets>suttern</ets> to boil gently.]</ety> <def>A kind of false
birth, fabled to be produced by Dutch women from sitting over
their stoves; also, an abortion, in a figurative sense; an
abortive scheme.</def>
<q>Fruits of dull heat, and <qex>sooterkins</qex> of wit.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Sooth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.; <plain>also adv.</plain>
</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Soother</er>
<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <er>Soothest</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>soth</ets>, AS. <ets>s<?/<?/</ets>, for
<ets>san<?/</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>s<?/<?/</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sand</ets>, Icel. <ets>sannr</ets>, Sw. <ets>sann</ets>,
Dan. <ets>sand</ets>, Skr. <ets>sat</ets>, <ets>sant</ets>, real,
genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root meaning, to
be, Skr. <ets>as</ets>, L. <ets>esse</ets>; also akin to Goth.
<ets>sunjis</ets> true, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>satya</ets>. <?/ 9.
Cf. <er>Absent</er>, <er>Am</er>, <er>Essence</er>, <er>Is</er>,
<er>Soothe</er>, <er>Sutee</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>True;
faithful; trustworthy.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>
<q>The sentence [meaning] of it <qex>sooth</qex> is, out of
doubt.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>That shall I <qex>sooth</qex> (said he) to you declare.</q>
<qau>Spensser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pleasing; delightful; sweet.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>soothest</qex> shepherd that ever piped on
plains.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>With jellies <qex>soother</qex> than the creamy curd.</q>
<qau>Keats.</qau>
<hw>Sooth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>s<?/<?/</ets>. See
<er>Sooth</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Truth;
reality.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<q>The <qex>sooth</qex> it this, the cut fell to the knight.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>In <qex>sooth</qex>, I know not why I am so sad.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>In good <qex>sooth</qex>,
Its mystery is love, its meaninng youth.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Augury; prognostication.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>soothe</qex> of birds by beating of their wings.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Blandishment; cajolery.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Soothe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Soothed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Soothing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Originally, to assent to as
true; OE. <ets>so<?/ien</ets> to verify, AS.
<ets>ges<?/<?/ian</ets> to prove the truth of, to bear witness.
See <er>Sooth</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
assent to as true.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Testament of Love.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To assent to; to comply with; to gratify; to
humor by compliance; to please with blandishments or soft words;
to flatter.</def>
<q>Good, my lord, <qex>soothe</qex> him, let him take the
fellow.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>I've tried the force of every reason on him,
<qex>Soothed</qex> and caressed, been angry, <qex>soothed</qex>
again.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To assuage; to mollify; to calm; to comfort;
<as>as, to <ex>soothe</ex> a crying child; to <ex>soothe</ex>
one's sorrows</as>.</def>
<q>Music hath charms to <qex>soothe</qex> the savage breast,
To soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak.</q>
<qau>Congreve.</qau>
<q>Though the sound of Fame
May for a moment <qex>soothe</qex>, it can not slake
The fever of vain longing.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To soften; assuage; allay; compose; mollify;
tranquilize; pacify; mitigate.</syn>
<hw>Sooth"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, soothes.</def>
<hw>Sooth"fast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sooth</ets> + <ets>fast</ets>, that is, fast or firm
with respect to truth.]</ety> <def>Firmly fixed in, or founded
upon, the thruth; true; genuine; real; also, truthful;
faithful.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> --
<wordforms><wf>Sooth"fast`ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark></wordforms> \'bdIn very
<pos>soothfastness.</pos>\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Why do not you . . . bear leal and <qex>soothfast</qex>
evidence in her behalf, as ye may with a clear conscience!</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<-- leal = loyal, but not marked as archaic in this work. -->
<hw>Sooth"fast`</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Soothly; really; in
fact.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<q>I care not if the pomps you show
Be what they <qex>soothfast</qex> appear.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Sooth"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Soothe</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<hw>Sooth"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a soothing
manner.</def>
<hw>Sooth"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In truth;
truly; really; verily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Soothly</xex> for to say.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sooth"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Truth; reality.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sooth"say`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sooth</ets> + <ets>say</ets>; properly to say truth,
tell the truth.]</ety> <def>To foretell; to predict.</def>
\'bdYou can not <xex>soothsay</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> \'bdOld
<xex>soothsaying</xex> Glaucus' spell.\'b8 <au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sooth"say`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A true
saying; a proverb; a prophecy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Omen; portent. Having</def>
<q>God turn the same to good <qex>soothsay</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Sooth"say`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who foretells events by the art of soothsaying; a
prognosticator.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mantis.</def>
<hw>Sooth"say`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A true
saying; truth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of one who soothsays; the foretelling of
events; the art or practice of making predictions.</def>
<q>A damsel, possessed with a spirit of divination . . . which
brought her masters much gain by <qex>soothsaying</qex>.</q>
<qau>Acts xvi. 16.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A prediction; a prophecy; a
prognostication.</def>
<q>Divinations and <qex>soothsayings</qex> and dreams are
vain.</q>
<qau>Eclus. xxxiv. 5.</qau>
<hw>Soot"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being sooty; fuliginousness.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>Soot"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sooty.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Soot"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar</pos> <er>Sootier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sootiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>s<?/tig</ets>. See <er>Soot</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of
or pertaining to soot; producing soot; soiled by soot.</def>
\'bdFire of <xex>sooty</xex> coal.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a dark brown or black color like soot;
fuliginous; dusky; dark.</def> \'bdThe grisly legions that troop
under the <xex>sooty</xex> flag of Acheron.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<cs><col>Sooty albatross</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an
albatross (<spn>Ph\'d2betria fuliginosa</spn>) found chiefly in
the Pacific Ocean; -- called also <altname>nellie</altname>.</cd>
-- <col>Sooty tern</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a tern
(<spn>Sterna fuliginosa</spn>) found chiefly in tropical
seas.</cd></cs>
<hw>Soot"y</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To black or foul with
soot.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q><qex>Sootied</qex> with noisome smoke.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<hw>Spo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sop</ets>, <ets>soppe</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>s<?/pan</ets>
to sup, to sip, to drink, D. <ets>sop</ets> sop, G.
<ets>suppe</ets> soup, Icel. <ets>soppa</ets> sop. See
<er>Sup</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Soup</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything steeped, or dipped and softened, in any
liquid; especially, something dipped in broth or liquid food, and
intended to be eaten.</def>
<q>He it is to whom I shall give a <qex>sop</qex>, when I have
dipped it.</q>
<qau>John xiii. 26.</qau>
<q><qex>Sops</qex> in wine, quantity, inebriate more than wine
itself.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>The bounded waters
Should lift their bosoms higher than the shores,
And make a <qex>sop</qex> of all this solid globe.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything given to pacify; -- so called from the
sop given to Cerberus, as related in mythology.</def>
<q>All nature is cured with a <qex>sop</qex>.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A thing of little or no value.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>P. Plowman.</au>
<cs><col>Sops in wine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an old name of
the clove pink, alluding to its having been used to flavor
wine.</cd>
<q>Garlands of roses and <qex>sops in wine</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
-- <col>Sops of wine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an old European
variety of apple, of a yellow and red color, shading to deep red;
-- called also <altname>sopsavine</altname>, and <altname>red
shropsavine</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sop</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sopped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sopping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To steep or dip in any
liquid.</def>
<hw>Sope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Soap</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Soph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld>
<def>A contraction of <er>Soph ister</er>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Soph</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Amer. Colleges)</fld> <def>A
contraction of <er>Sophomore</er>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>So"phi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sophis</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>See
<er>Sufi</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Soph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Soph"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ wise,
<?/ wisdom.]</ety> <def>Teaching wisdom.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>S. Harris.</au>
<hw>So*phime"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>soffime</ets>, <ets>sophisme</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Sophism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>I trow ye study aboute some <qex>sophime</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Soph"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sophisme</ets>, L. <ets>sophisma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/
to make wise, <?/ to be become wise, to play the sophist, fr. <?/
wise.]</ety> <def>The doctrine or mode of reasoning practiced by
a sophist; hence, any fallacy designed to deceive.</def>
<q>When a false argument puts on the appearance of a true one,
then it is properly called a <qex>sophism</qex>, or
\'bdfallacy\'b8.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<q>Let us first rid ourselves of <qex>sophisms</qex>, those of
depraved men, and those of heartless philosophers.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Soph"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sophiste</ets>, L.
<ets>sophistes</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Sophism</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One of a class of men who taught eloquence,
philosophy, and politics in ancient Greece; especially, one of
those who, by their fallacious but plausible reasoning, puzzled
inquirers after truth, weakened the faith of the people, and drew
upon themselves general hatred and contempt.</def>
<q>Many of the <qex>Sophists</qex> doubdtless card not for truth
or morality, and merely professed to teach how to make the worse
appear the better reason; but there scems no reason to hold that
they were a special class, teaching special opinions; even
Socrates and Plato were sometimes styled <qex>Sophists</qex>.</q>
<qau>Liddell & Scott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, an impostor in argument; a captious or
fallacious reasoner.</def>
<hw>Soph"ist*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A sophist. See <er>Sophist</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hooker.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld> <def>A student who is
advanced beyond the first year of his residence.</def>
<note><hand/ The entire course at the university consists of
three years and one term, during which the students have the
titles of <xex>first-year men</xex>, or <xex>freshmen</xex>;
<xex>second-year men</xex> or <xex>junior sophs</xex> or
<xex>sophisters</xex>; <xex>third-year men</xex>, or <xex>senior
sophs</xex> or <xex>sophisters</xex>; and, in the last term,
<xex>questionists</xex>, with reference to the approaching
examination. In the older American colleges, the junior and
senior classes were originally called, and in some of them are
still called, <xex>junior sophisters</xex> and <xex>senior
sophisters</xex>.</note>
<hw>Soph"ist*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
maintain by sophistry, or by a fallacious argument.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>obham.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>So*phis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>So*phis"tic*al</hw>
}</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>sophisticus</ets>, Gr. <?/:
cf. F. <ets>sophistique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a
sophist; embodying sophistry; fallaciously subtile; not
sound.</def>
<q>His argument . . . is altogether <qex>sophistical</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>So*phis"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>So*phis"tic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>So*phis"ti*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sophisticated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sophisticating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.
<ets>sophisticatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>sophisticare</ets> to
sophisticate.]</ety> <def>To render worthless by admixture; to
adulterate; to damage; to pervert; <as>as, to
<ex>sophisticate</ex> wine</as>.</def>
<au>Howell.</au>
<q>To <qex>sophisticate</qex> the understanding.</q>
<qau>Southey.</qau>
<q>Yet Butler professes to stick to plain facts, not to
<qex>sophisticate</qex>, not to refine.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>
<q>They purchase but <qex>sophisticated</qex> ware.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To adulterate; debase; corrupt; vitiate.</syn>
<mhw>{ <hw>So*phis"ti*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>So*phis"ti*ca`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Adulterated; not pure; not genuine.</def>
<q>So truth, while only one supplied the state,
Grew scare and dear, and yet <qex>sophisticate</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>So*phis`ti*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
LL. <ets>sophisticatio</ets>, F.
<ets>sophistication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of sophisticating;
adulteration; <as>as, the <ex>sophistication</ex> of
drugs</as>.</def>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>So*phis"ti*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who sophisticates.</def>
<hw>Soph"ist*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sophistrie</ets>, OF. <ets>sophisterie</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The art or process of reasoning; logic.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The practice of a sophist; fallacious reasoning;
reasoning sound in appearance only.</def>
<q>The juggle of <qex>sophistry</qex> consists, for the most
part, in usig a word in one sense in the premise, and in another
sense in the conclusion.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Fallacy</er>.</syn>
<hw>Soph"o*more</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably
fr. <ets>soph</ets> or <ets>sophister</ets> + Gr. <?/ foolish.
The word was probably introduced into the United States at an
early date, from the University of Cambridge, England. Among the
cant terms at that university, as given in the Gradus ad
Cantabrigiam, we find <ets>Soph-Mor</ets> as \'bdthe next
distinctive appellation to Freshman,\'b8 but the term has now
almost ceased to be known at the English university from whence
it came.]</ety> <def>One belonging to the second of the four
classes in an American college, or one next above a
freshman.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also
<asp>sophimore</asp>.]</altsp>
<mhw>{ <hw>Soph`o*mor"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Soph`o*mor"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to a sophomore; resembling a sophomore;
hence, pretentious; inflated in style or manner; <as>as,
<ex>sophomoric</ex> affectation</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<-- 2. Poorly informed yet overconfident of one's own knowledge;
asserting incorrect facts based on scant knowledge. -->
<hw>So*pho"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets><?/ufair</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
genus of leguminous plants.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tree
(<spn>Sophora Japonica</spn>) of Eastern Asia, resembling the
common locust; occasionally planted in the United States.</def>
<hw>Soph"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Softa</er>.</def>
<hw>So"pite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sopitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>sopire</ets> to put to sleep;
akin to <ets>sopor</ets> a sleeping draught, a heavy
sleep.]</ety> <def>To lay asleep; to put to sleep; to
quiet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The king's declaration for the <qex>sopiting</qex> of all
Arminian heresies.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<hw>So*pi"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
putting to sleep, or the state of being put to sleep;
sleep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Dementation and <qex>sopition</qex> of reason.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<hw>\'d8So"por</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Profound sleep from which a person can be
roused only with difficulty.</def>
<hw>Sop"o*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>soporatus</ets>, p.p. or <ets>soporare</ets> to put to
sleep, fr. <ets>sopor</ets> a heavy sleep.]</ety> <def>To lay or
put to sleep; to stupefy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cudworth.</au>
<hw>Sop`o*rif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>soparifer</ets>; <ets>sopor</ets> a heavy sleep +
<ets>ferere</ets> to bring.]</ety> <def>Causing sleep;
somniferous; soporific.</def> \'bd<xex>Soporiferous</xex>
medicine.\'b8
<au>Swift.</au>
--- <wordforms><wf>Sop`o*rif"er*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sop`o*rif"er*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sop`o*rif"ic</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sopor</ets> a heavy sleep (akin to <ets>somnus</ets> sleep)
+ <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Somnolent</er>,
<er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>Causing sleep; tending to cause sleep;
soporiferous; <as>as, the <ex>soporific</ex> virtues of
opium</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Somniferous; narcotic; opiate; anodyne.</syn>
<hw>Sop`o*rif"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A medicine, drug,
plant, or other agent that has the quality of inducing sleep; a
narcotic.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sop"o*rose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sop"o*rous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Sopor</er>;
cf. L. <ets>soporus</ets>, fr. <ets>sopor</ets> a heavy sleep; F.
<ets>soporeux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing sleep; sleepy.</def>
<hw>Sop"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sops.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<-- <hw>sopping</hw>, more recent version of <it>soppy.</it> Used
esp. in phrase <it>sopping wet</it>. -->
<hw>Sop"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Soaked or
saturated with liquid or moisture; very wet or sloppy.</def>
<q>It [Yarmouth] looked rather spongy and <qex>soppy</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<hw>\'d8So"pra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[It., from
L. <ets>supra</ets> above.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Above;
before; over; upon.</def>
<hw>So*pra"nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A treble singer.</def>
<hw>So*pra"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Sopranos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, It. <plw>Soprani</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It., fr. <ets>soprano</ets> superior,
highest, fr. <ets>sopra</ets> above, L. <ets>supra</ets>. See
<er>Sovereign</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The treble; the highest vocal register; the highest kind of
female or boy's voice; the upper part in harmony for mixed
voices.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A singer, commonly a woman, with
a treble voice.</def>
<hw>Sops"a*vine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<cref>Sops of wine</cref>, under <er>Sop</er>.</def>
<-- p. 1373 -->
<hw>So"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A North American rail (<spn>Porzana Carolina</spn>) common
in the Eastern United States. Its back is golden brown, varied
with black and white, the front of the head and throat black, the
breast and sides of the head and neck slate-colored. Called also
<altname>American rail</altname>, <altname>Carolina
rail</altname>, <altname>Carolina crake</altname>,
<altname>common rail</altname>, <altname>sora rail</altname>,
<altname>soree</altname>, <altname>meadow chicken</altname>, and
<altname>orto</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>King sora</col>, <cd>the Florida gallinule.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sor"ance</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Soreness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sorb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L. <ets>sorbus the
tree</ets>, <ets>sorbum</ets> the fruit; cf. F. <ets>sorbe</ets>.
See <er>Service tree</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The wild service tree (<spn>Pyrus torminalis</spn>) of
Europe; also, the rowan tree.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The fruit
of these trees.</def>
<cs><col>Sorb apple</col>, <cd>the fruit of the sorb, or wild
service tree.</cd> -- <col>Sorb tree</col>, <cd>the wild service
tree.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sor"bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sorbate</ets>. See <er>Sorbic</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sorbic acid.</def>
<hw>Sor`be*fa"cient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sorbere</ets> to suck in, absorb + <ets>faciens</ets>, p.pr.
of <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Producing absorption.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
medicine or substance which produces absorption.</def></def2>
<hw>Sorb"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sorbens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>sorbere</ets> to suck in, to
absorb.]</ety> <def>An absorbent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sor"bet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sorbet</ets> or It. <ets>sorbetto</ets> or Sp.
<ets>sorbete</ets>, from the same source as E.
<ets>sherbet</ets>. See <er>Sherbet</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of
beverage; sherbet.</def>
<au>Smolett.</au>
<hw>Sor"bic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sorbique</ets>. See <er>Sorb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, the rowan tree, or sorb;
specifically, designating an acid, C<?/H<?/CO<?/H, of the
acetylene series, found in the unripe berries of this tree, and
extracted as a white crystalline substance.</def>
<hw>Sor"bile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sorbilis</ets>, fr. <ets>sorbere</ets> to suck in, to drink
down.]</ety> <def>Fit to be drunk or sipped.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sor"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>An unfermentable sugar, isomeric with glucose, found in the
ripe berries of the rowan tree, or sorb, and extracted as a sweet
white crystalline substance; -- called also <altname>mountain-ash
sugar</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sor"bite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sorbus</ets> service tree.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
sugarlike substance, isomeric with mannite and dulcite, found
with sorbin in the ripe berries of the sorb, and extracted as a
sirup or a white crystalline substance.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sor*bit"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sor*bi"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sorbitio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of drinking or
sipping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<-- sorbitol. A hexitol, C6H14O6, found in the mountain ash, now
produced by hydrogenation or electrolytic reduction of glucose.
It has a variet of uses, notably as a sugar substitute for
diabetics, and to improve the shelf-life of candy, as an osmotic
agent, and as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations. -->
<hw>Sor*bon"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging
to the Sorbonne or to a Sorbonist.</def>
<au>Bale.</au>
<hw>Sor"bon*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sorboniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A doctor of the
<xex>Sorbonne</xex>, or theological college, in the University of
Paris, founded by Robert de <xex>Sorbon</xex>, <sc>a. d.</sc>
1252. It was suppressed in the Revolution of 1789.</def>
<hw>Sor"cer*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sorcier</ets>. See <er>Sorcery</er>.]</ety> <def>A conjurer;
an enchanter; a magician.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<q>Pharaoh also called the wise men and the
<qex>sorcerers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ex. vii. 11.</qau>
<hw>Sor"cer*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female sorcerer.</def>
<hw>Sor"cer*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act or practice of using
sorcery.</def>
<hw>Sor"cer*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to sorcery.</def>
<hw>Sor"cer*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sorceries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.
<ets>sorcerie</ets>, OF. <ets>sorcerie</ets>, fr. OF. & F.
<ets>sorcier</ets> a sorcerer, LL. <ets>sortiarius</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>sors</ets>, <ets>sortis</ets>, a lot, decision by lot, fate,
destiny. See <er>Sort</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Divination
by the assistance, or supposed assistance, of evil spirits, or
the power of commanding evil spirits; magic; necromancy;
witchcraft; enchantment.</def>
<q>Adder's wisdom I have learned,
To fence my ear against thy <qex>sorceries</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sord</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sward</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sor"des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
<ets>sordere</ets> to be dirty or foul.]</ety> <def>Foul matter;
excretion; dregs; filthy, useless, or rejected matter of any
kind; specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>, the foul matter that
collects on the teeth and tongue in low fevers and other
conditions attended with great vital depression.</def>
<hw>Sor"det</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sordine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A sordine.</def>
<hw>Sor"did</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sordidus</ets>, fr. <ets>sordere</ets> to be filthy or
dirty; probably akin to E. <ets>swart</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sordide</ets>. See <er>Swart</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Filthy; foul; dirty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A <qex>sordid</qex> god; down from his hoary chin
A length of beard descends, uncombed, unclean.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Vile; base; gross; mean; <as>as, vulgar,
<ex>sordid</ex> mortals</as>.</def> \'bdTo scorn the
<xex>sordid</xex> world.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Meanly avaricious; covetous; niggardly.</def>
<q>He may be old,
And yet <qex>sordid</qex>, who refuses gold.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Denham.</qau>
<hw>Sor*did"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sordidness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sor"did*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
sordid manner.</def>
<hw>Sor"did*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being sordid.</def>
<hw>Sor"dine</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It. <ets>sordina</ets>, <ets>sordino</ets>, from
<ets>sordo</ets> deaf, dull-sounding, L. <ets>surdus</ets>. See
<er>Surd</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Damper</er>,
and 5th <er>Mute</er>.</def>
<hw>Sore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>saure</ets>, <ets>sore</ets>, <ets>sor</ets>; faucon
<ets>sor</ets> a sore falcon. See <er>Sorrel</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Reddish brown; sorrel.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<cs><col>Sore falcon</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Sore</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sore</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young
hawk or falcon in the first year.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young buck in the fourth
year. See the Note under <er>Buck</er>.</def>
<hw>Sore</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Sorer</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Sorest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sor</ets>,
<ets>sar</ets>, AS. <ets>s\'ber</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>zeer</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>s<?/r</ets>, G. <ets>sehr</ets>
very, Icel. <ets>s\'berr</ets>, Sw. <ets>s\'86r</ets>, Goth.
<ets>sair</ets> pain. Cf. <er>Sorry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Tender to the touch; susceptible of pain from pressure;
inflamed; painful; -- said of the body or its parts; <as>as, a
<ex>sore</ex> hand</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Sensitive; tender; easily pained, grieved,
or vexed; very susceptible of irritation.</def>
<q>Malice and hatred are very fretting and vexatious, and apt to
make our minds <qex>sore</qex> and uneasy.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Severe; afflictive; distressing; <as>as, a
<ex>sore</ex> disease; <ex>sore</ex> evil or calamity</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Criminal; wrong; evil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Sore throat</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>inflammation of
the throat and tonsils; pharyngitis. See <er>Cynanche</er>.</cd>
-- <mcol><col>Malignant</col>, <col>Ulcerated</col> <or/
<col>Putrid</col>, <col>sore throat</col></mcol>. <cd>See
<er>Angina</er>, and under <er>Putrid</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sor</ets>, <ets>sar</ets>, AS. <ets>s\'ber</ets>. See
<er>Sore</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place in
an animal body where the skin and flesh are ruptured or bruised,
so as to be tender or painful; a painful or diseased place, such
as an ulcer or a boil.</def>
<q>The dogs came and licked his <qex>sores</qex>.</q>
<qau>Luke xvi. 21.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Grief; affliction; trouble;
difficulty.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>I see plainly where his <qex>sore</qex> lies.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<cs><col>Gold sore</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Gold</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>
<hw>Sore</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>s\'bere</ets>. See
<er>Sore</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a sore
manner; with pain; grievously.</def>
<q>Thy hand presseth me <qex>sore</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ps. xxxviii. 2.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Greatly; violently; deeply.</def>
<q>[Hannah] prayed unto the Lord and wept <qex>sore</qex>.</q>
<qau>1 Sam. i. 10.</qau>
<q><qex>Sore</qex> sighed the knight, who this long sermon
heard.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>\'d8So*re"di*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,
<def><pos>pl.</pos> of <er>Soredium</er>.</def>
<hw>So*re"di*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Soredi\'8bferous.</def>
<mhw>{<hw>Sor`*dif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/
<hw>So*re`di*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Soredium</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing soredia; sorediate.</def>
<hw>\'d8So*re"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Soredia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a
heap.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A patch of granular bodies on
the surface of the thallus of lichens.</def>
<hw>So"ree</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Sora</er></def>.
<hw>Sore"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is
disgruntled by a failure in politics, or the like.</def>
<mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sore"hon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted
from <ets>sojourn</ets>, Scot. <ets>soirne</ets>,
<ets>sorn</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formerly, in Ireland, a kind of
servile tenure which subjected the tenant to maintain his
chieftain gratuitously whenever he wished to indulge in a
revel.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sor"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A diminutive.
See <er>Sore</er> reddish brown.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young buck in the third year. See
the Note under <er>Buck</er>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A yellowish or reddish brown color;
sorrel.</def>
<hw>Sore"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sore
manner; grievously; painfully; <as>as, to be <ex>sorely</ex>
afflicted</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8So*re"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/ a heap.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A heap of carpels
belonging to one flower.</def>
<hw>Sore"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being sore; tenderness; painfull; <as>as, the
<ex>soreness</ex> of a wound; the <ex>soreness</ex> of an
affliction</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8So"rex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
shrew.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small
Insectivora, including the common shrews.</def>
<hw>Sor"gne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The three-beared rocking, or
whistlefish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sor"ghum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., probably
of Chinese origin.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
genus of grasses, properly limited to two species, <spn>Sorghum
Halepense</spn>, the Arabian millet, or Johnson grass (see
<er>Johnson grass</er>), and <spn>S. vulgare</spn>, the Indian
millet (see <cref>Indian millet</cref>, under
<er>Indian</er>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A variety of
<spn>Sorghum vulgare</spn>, grown for its saccharine juice; the
Chinese sugar cane.</def>
<hw>Sor"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.
<ets>sorgo</ets>. See <er>Sorghum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Indian millet and its varieties. See <er>Sorghum</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8So"ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,
<def><pos>pl.</pos> of <er>Sorus</er>.</def>
<hw>So"ri*cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sorricinus</ets>, fr. <ets>sorex</ets> a shrew.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Shrew family
<fld>(Soricid\'91)</fld>; like a shrew in form or habits; <as>as,
the <ex>soricine</ex> bat (<spn>Glossophaga
soricina</spn>)</as>.</def>
<hw>So*ri"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., from Gr.
<grk>swrei`ths</grk> (sc. <grk>syllogismo`s</grk>), properly,
heaped up (hence, a heap of syllogisms), fr. <grk>swro`s</grk> a
heap.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>An abridged form of stating
of syllogisms in a series of propositions so arranged that the
predicate of each one that precedes forms the subject of each one
that follows, and the conclusion unites the subject of the first
proposition with the predicate of the last proposition</def>, as
in following example; --
<q>The soul is a thinking agent;
A thinking agent can not be severed into parts;
That which can not be severed can not be destroyed;
Therefore the soul can not be destroyed.</q>
<note><hand/ When the series is arranged in the reverse order, it
is called the <xex>Goclenian sorites</xex>, from Goclenius, a
philosopher of the sixteenth century.</note>
<cs><col>Destructive sorities</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Destructive</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- Sorites paradox, (philos.) The paradox that arises from the
assertion that if one item is removed from a heap (sorites) of
objects, what remains is still a heap. Continued application of
that rule for any finite heap ultimately causes a contradiction,
when the "heap" has no objects left. Similar definitional
problems prompted the invention of "fuzzy logic" -->
<hw>So"rit"ic*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a
sorites; resembling a sorites.</def>
<hw>Sorn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sorehon</er>.]</ety> <def>To obtrude one's self on another
for bed and board.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Sorn"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
obtrudes himself on another for bed and board.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>De Quncey.</au>
<hw>So*ro"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>soror</ets> sister: cf. F. <ets>sororal</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Relating to a sister; sisterly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>So*ror"i*cide</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sororocida</ets>, and <ets>sororicidium</ets>;
<ets>soror</ets> a sister + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety>
<def>The murder of one's sister; also, one who murders or kills
one's own sister.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>So*ro"rize</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>soror</ets>, <ets>sororis</ets>, a sister.]</ety>
<def>To associate, or hold fellowship, as sisters; to have
sisterly feelings; -- analogous to <xex>fraternize</xex>.</def>
<mark>[Recent & R.]</mark>
<hw>So*ro"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See
<er>Sororize</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman's club; an association of
women.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8So*ro"sis</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a
heap.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fleshy fruit formed by the
consolidation of many flowers with their receptacles, ovaries,
etc., as the breadfruit, mulberry, and pineapple.</def>
<hw>Sor"rage</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Sorrel</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The blades of green or
barley.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Sor"rance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sorance</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sor"rel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>saur</ets>, <ets>saure</ets>, OF. <ets>sor</ets>,
<ets>sore</ets>, probably of Teutonic origin; cf. D.
<ets>zoor</ets> dry, LG. <ets>soor</ets>; the meaning probably
coming from the color of dry leaves. See <er>Sear</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Sorel</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a yellowish
or redish brown color; <as>as, a <ex>sorrel</ex>
horse</as>.</def>
<hw>Sor"rel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A yellowish or
redish brown color.</def>
<hw>Sor"rel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>surelle</ets>, fr.
<ets>sur</ets> sour, fr. OHG. <ets>s<?/r</ets> sour. See
<er>Sour</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of various
plants having a sour juice; especially, a plant of the genus
<spn>Rumex</spn>, as <spn>Rumex Acetosa</spn>, <spn>Rumex
Acetosella</spn>, etc.</def>
<cs><col>Mountain sorrel</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Mountain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sorrel</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A malvaceous plant
(<spn>Hibiscus Sabdariffa</spn>) whose acid calyxes and capsules
are used in the West Indies for making tarts and acid
drinks</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A troublesome weed (<spn>Rumex
Acetosella</spn>), also called <altname>sheep
sorrel</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Salt of sorrel</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>binoxalate of potassa; -- so called
because obtained from the juice of <spn>Rumex Acetosella</spn>,
or <spn>Rumex Axetosa</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Sorrel tree</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small ericaceous tree (<spn>Oxydendrum
arboreum</spn>) whose leaves resemble those of the peach and have
a sour taste. It is common along the Alleghanies. Called also
<altname>sourwood</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Wood sorrel</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant of the genus Oxalis.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sor"ren"to work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Ornamental work,
mostly carved in olivewood, decorated with inlay, made at or near
Sorrento, Italy. Hence, more rarely, jig-saw work and the like
done anywhere.</def>
<hw>Sor"ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sorry
manner; poorly.</def>
<q>Thy pipe, O Pan, shall help, though I sing
<qex>sorrily</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<hw>Sor"ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being sorry.</def>
<hw>Sor"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sorwe</ets>, <ets>sorewe</ets>, <ets>sor<?/e</ets>, AS.
<ets>sorg</ets>, <ets>sorh</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zorg</ets>
care, anxiety, OS. <ets>sorga</ets>, OHG. <ets>sorga</ets>,
<ets>soraga</ets>, <ets>suorga</ets>, G. <ets>sorge</ets>, Icel.,
Sw., & Dan. <ets>sorg</ets>, Goth. <ets>sa\'a3rga</ets>; of
unknown origin.]</ety> <def>The uneasiness or pain of mind which
is produced by the loss of any good, real or supposed, or by
diseappointment in the expectation of good; grief at having
suffered or occasioned evil; regret; unhappiness; sadness.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>How great a <qex>sorrow</qex> suffereth now Arcite!</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The safe and general antidote against <qex>sorrow</qex> is
employment.</q>
<qau>Rambler.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Grief; unhappiness; regret; sadness; heaviness;
mourning; affliction. See <er>Affliction</er>, and
<er>Grief</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sor"row</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sorrowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sorrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sorowen</ets>, <ets>sorwen</ets>, <ets>sorhen</ets>, AS.
<ets>sorgian</ets>; akin to Goth. <ets>sa\'a3rgan</ets>. See
<er>Sorrow</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To feel pain of mind
in consequence of evil experienced, feared, or done; to grieve;
to be sad; to be sorry.</def>
<q><qex>Sorrowing</qex> most of all . . . that they should see
his face no more.</q>
<qau>Acts xx. 38.</qau>
<q>I desire no man to <qex>sorrow</qex> for me.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Hayward.</qau>
<hw>Sor"rowed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Accompanied with sorrow; sorrowful.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sor"row*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sorweful</ets>, AS. <ets>sorgful</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Full of sorrow; exhibiting sorrow; sad; dejected;
distressed.</def> \'bdThis <xex>sorrowful</xex> prisoner.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>My soul is exceeding <qex>sorrowful</qex>, even unto
death.</q>
<qau>Matt. xxvi. 38.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Producing sorrow; exciting grief; mournful;
lamentable; grievous; <as>as, a <ex>sorrowful</ex>
accident</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Sad; mournful; dismal; disconsolate; drear; dreary;
grievous; lamentable; doleful; distressing.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sor"row*ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sor"row*ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sor"row*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from sorrow.</def>
<hw>Sor"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sorrier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sorriest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sory</ets>, <ets>sary</ets>, AS. <ets>s\'berig</ets>, fr.
<ets>s\'ber</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>, <ets>sore</ets>. <ets>See</ets>
<er>Sore</er>, <pos>n.</pos> & <pos>a.</pos> The original sense
was, painful; hence. miserable, sad.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Grieved for the loss of some good; pained for some evil;
feeling regret; -- now generally used to express light grief or
affliction, but formerly often used to express deeper
feeling.</def> \'bdI am <xex>sorry</xex> for my sins.\'b8
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<q>Ye were made <qex>sorry</qex> after a godly manner.</q>
<qau>2 Cor. vii. 9.</qau>
<q>I am <qex>sorry</qex> for thee, friend; 't is the duke's
pleasure.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>She entered, were he lief or <qex>sorry</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Melancholy; dismal; gloomy; mournful.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>All full of chirking was this <qex>sorry</qex> place.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Poor; mean; worthless; <as>as, a <ex>sorry</ex>
excuse</as>.</def> \'bdWith <xex>sorry</xex> grace.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Cheeks of <qex>sorry</qex> grain will serve.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q> Good fruit will sometimes grow on a <qex>sorry</qex>
tree.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Hurt; afflicted; mortified; vexed; chagrined;
melancholy; dismal; poor; mean; pitiful.</syn>
<hw>\'d8Sors</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sortes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A lot;
also, a kind of divination by means of lots.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Sortes Homeric\'91</col> <or/
<col>Virgilian\'91</col></mcol> <ety>[L., Homeric or Virgilian
lots]</ety>, <cd>a form of divination anciently practiced, which
consisted in taking the first passage on which the eye fell, upon
opening a volume of Homer or Virgil, or a passage drawn from an
urn which several were deposited, as indicating future events, or
the proper course to be pursued. In later times the Bible was
used for the same purpose by Christians.</cd></cs>
<-- not very different from Chinese fortune cookies in concept.
-->
<hw>Sort</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sorl</ets>, L. <ets>sors</ets>, <ets>sortis</ets>. See
<er>Sort</er> kind.]</ety> <def>Chance; lot; destiny.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>By aventure, or <qex>sort</qex>, or cas [chance].</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Let blockish Ajax draw
The <qex>sort</qex> to fight with Hector.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<-- p. 1374 -->
<hw>Sort</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sorie</ets> (cf. It.
<ets>sorta</ets>, <ets>sorte</ets>), from L. <ets>sors</ets>,
<ets>sorti</ets>, a lot, part, probably akin to <ets>serere</ets>
to connect. See <er>Series</er>, and cf. <er>Assort</er>,
<er>Consort</er>, <er>Resort</er>, <er>Sorcery</er>,
<er>Sort</er> lot.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind or species; any
number or collection of individual persons or things
characterized by the same or like qualities; a class or order;
<as>as, a <ex>sort</ex> of men; a <ex>sort</ex> of horses; a
<ex>sort</ex> of trees; a <ex>sort</ex> of poems.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Manner; form of being or acting.</def>
<q>Which for my part I covet to perform,
In <qex>sort</qex> as through the world I did proclaim.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Flowers, in such <qex>sort</qex> worn, can neither be smelt
nor seen well by those that wear them.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<q>I'll deceive you in another <qex>sort</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>To Adam in what <qex>sort</qex>
Shall I appear?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>I shall not be wholly without praise, if in some
<qex>sort</qex> I have copied his style.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Condition above the vulgar; rank.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A chance group; a company of persons who happen
to be together; a troop; also, an assemblage of animals.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>sort</xex> of shepherds.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au> \'bdA <xex>sort</xex> of steers.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au> \'bdA <xex>sort</xex> of doves.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au> \'bdA <xex>sort</xex> of rogues.\'b8
<au>Massinger.</au>
<q>A boy, a child, and we a <qex>sort</qex> of us,
Vowed against his voyage.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A pair; a set; a suit.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Letters,
figures, points, marks, spaces, or quadrats, belonging to a case,
separately considered.</def>
<cs><col>Out of sorts</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>with some
letters or sorts of type deficient or exhausted in the case or
font; hence, colloquially, out of order; ill; vexed;
disturbed.</cd> -- <col>To run upon sorts</col>
<fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>to use or require a greater number of
some particular letters, figures, or marks than the regular
proportion, as, for example, in making an index.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Kind; species; rank; condition.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Sort</er>, <er>Kind</er>. <xex>Kind</xex> originally denoted
things of the same family, or bound together by some natural
affinity; and hence, a class. <xex>Sort</xex> signifies that
which constitutes a particular lot of parcel, not implying
necessarily the idea of affinity, but of mere assemblage. the two
words are now used to a great extent interchangeably, though
<xex>sort</xex> (perhaps from its original meaning of
<xex>lot</xex>) sometimes carries with it a slight tone of
disparagement or contempt, as when we say, that <xex>sort</xex>
of people, that <xex>sort</xex> of language.</usage>
<-- surprisingly, "type" is not included in this synonym-list!
in MW10, the list under "type" includes kind and sort.
"class" is mentioned in the def, but not on the list of
synonyms. -->
<q>As when the total <qex>kind</qex>
Of birds, in orderly array on wing,
Came summoned over Eden to receive
Their names of there.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>None of noble <qex>sort</qex>
Would so offend a virgin.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sort</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sorted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Sorting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
separate, and place in distinct classes or divisions, as things
having different qualities; <as>as, to <ex>sort</ex> cloths
according to their colors; to <ex>sort</ex> wool or thread
according to its fineness.</as></def>
<q>Rays which differ in refrangibility may be parted and
<qex>sorted</qex> from one another.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reduce to order from a confused state.</def>
<au>Hooker.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To conjoin; to put together in distribution; to
class.</def>
<q>Shellfish have been, by some of the ancients, compared and
<qex>sorted</qex> with insects.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>She <qex>sorts</qex> things present with things past.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To choose from a number; to select; to
cull.</def>
<q>That he may <qex>sort</qex> out a worthy spouse.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<q>I'll <qex>sort</qex> some other time to visit you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To conform; to adapt; to accommodate.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>I pray thee, <qex>sort</qex> thy heart to patience.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sort</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To join or
associate with others, esp. with others of the same kind or
species; to agree.</def>
<q>Nor do metals only <qex>sort</qex> and herd with metals in the
earth, and minerals with minerals.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>
<q>The illiberality of parents towards children makes them base,
and <qex>sort</qex> with any company.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To suit; to fit; to be in accord; to
harmonize.</def>
<q>They are happy whose natures <qex>sort</qex> with their
vocations.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>Things <qex>sort</qex> not to my will.</q>
<qau>herbert.</qau>
<q>I can not tell you precisely how they <qex>sorted</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Sort"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sortable</ets> suitable.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of
being sorted.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Suitable; befitting; proper.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>con.</au>
<hw>Sort"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Suitable.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>otgrave.</au>
<hw>Sort"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to a
sort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Locke.</au>
<hw>Sort"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Sort</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Suitableness;
agreement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>hak.</au>
<hw>Sort"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, sorts.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sor"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,
<def><pos>pl.</pos> of <er>Sors</er>.</def>
<hw>Sor"tie</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>sortir</ets> to go out, to issue, probably fr. L.
<ets>sortus</ets>, for <ets>surrectus</ets>, p.p. of
<ets>surgere</ets> to raise up, to rise up. See
<er>Source</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The sudden issuing
of a body of troops, usually small, from a besieged place to
attack or harass the besiegers; a sally.</def>
<hw>Sor"ti*lege</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sortil\'8age</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sors</ets>,
<ets>sortis</ets>, a lot + <ets>legere</ets> to gather, to
select.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of drawing lots;
divination by drawing lots.</def>
<q>A woman infamous for <qex>sortileges</qex> and witcheries.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Sor`ti*le"gious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to sortilege.</def>
<hw>Sor"til"e*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sortilege.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>De Quincey.</au>
<hw>Sor*ti"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sortitio</ets>, from <ets>sortiri</ets> to draw or cast
lots, fr. <ets>sors</ets>, <ets>sortis</ets>, a lot.]</ety>
<def>Selection or appointment by lot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sort"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Assortiment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8So"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sori</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a
heap.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the fruit dots, or
small clusters of sporangia, on the back of the fronds of
ferns.</def>
<hw>Sor"we</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos>
<def>Sorrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sor"we*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sorrowful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>So"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sory</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Old Min. Chem.)</fld>
<def>Green vitriol, or some earth imregnated with it.</def>
<hw>So"-so`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>So</ets>
+ <ets>so</ets>.]</ety> <def>Neither very good nor very bad;
middling; passable; tolerable; indifferent.</def>
<q>In some Irish houses, where things are <qex>so-so</qex>,
One gammon of bacon hangs up for a show.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<q>He [Burns] certainly wrote some <qex>so-so</qex> verses to the
Tree of Liberty.</q>
<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>
<hw>So"-so`</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Tolerably; passably.</def>
<au>H. James.</au>
<hw>Soss</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Souse</er>.]</ety> <def>To fall at once into a chair or seat;
to sit lazily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Soss</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To throw in a negligent or
careless manner; to toss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Soss</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lazy
fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cotgrave.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A heavy fall.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Hallowell.</au>
<hw>Soss</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sesspol</er>.]</ety>
<def>Anything dirty or muddy; a dirty puddle.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sos`te*nu"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Sustained; -- applied to
a movement or passage the sounds of which are to sustained to the
utmost of the nominal value of the time; also, to a passage the
tones of which are to be somewhat prolonged or protacted.</def>
<hw>Sot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. LL.
<ets>sottus</ets>; of unknown origin, cf. Ir. <ets>sotal</ets>
pride, <ets>soithir</ets> proud, or Chald. & NHeb.
<ets>shoten</ets> foolish.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stupid
person; a blockhead; a dull fellow; a dolt.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>outh.</au>
<q>In Egypt oft has seen the <qex>sot</qex> bow down,
And reverence some d<?/ified baboon.</q>
<qau>Oldham.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person stupefied by excessive drinking; an
habitual drunkard.</def> \'bdA brutal <xex>sot</xex>.\'b8
<au>Granville.</au>
<q>Every sign
That calls the staring <qex>sots</qex> to nasty wine.</q>
<qau>Roscommon.</qau>
<hw>Sot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sottish; foolish;
stupid; dull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdRich, but
<xex>sot</xex>.\'b8
<au>Marston.</au>
<hw>Sot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To stupefy; to infatuate; to
besot.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>I hate to see a brave, bold fellow <qex>sotted</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sot</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To tipple to stupidity.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Goldsmith.</au>
<hw>So`ta*de"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sotadic.</def>
<hw>So*tad"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to, or resembling, the lascivious compositions of the Greek poet
<xex>Sotades</xex>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A Sotadic
verse or poem.</def></def2>
<hw>Sote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sweet.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. Fairfax.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>So"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>So"til</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Subtile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>So*te`ri*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ safety (from <?/ saving, <?/ a savoir, <?/ to save) +
<ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A discourse on health,
or the science of promoting and preserving health.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of salvation by
Jesus Christ.</def>
<hw>Sothe</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sooth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>So"thi*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Soth"ic</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to
Sothis, the Egyptian name for the Dog Star; taking its name from
the Dog Star; canicular.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Sothiac</col>, <or/ <col>Sothic</col>,
<col>year</col></mcol> <fld>(Chronol.)</fld>, <cd>the Egyptian
year of 365 days and 6 hours, as distinguished from the Egyptian
<xex>vague year<xex>, which contained 365 days. The <xex>Sothic
period<xex> consists of 1,460 Sothic years, being equal to 1,461
vague years. One of these periods ended in July, <sc>a. d.</sc>
139.</cd></cs>
<hw>So"til*te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Subtlety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sot"ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>a. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Sot</er>. Befooled; deluded; besotted.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThis <xex>sotted</xex> priest.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sot"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Folly.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Gauden.</au>
<hw>Sot"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Sot</er>.]</ety> <def>Like a sot; doltish; very foolish;
drunken.</def>
<q>How ignorant are <qex>sottish</qex> pretenders to
astrology!</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Dull; stupid; senseless; doltish; infatuate.
-- <wordforms><wf>Sot"tish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sot"tish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></syn></wordforms>
<hw>\'d8Sot`to vo"ce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[It.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>With a restrained voice or
moderate force; in an undertone.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Spoken low or in an undertone.</def>
<hw>Sou</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sous</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <or/ <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.
<ets>sou</ets>, OF. <ets>sol</ets>, from L. <ets>solidus</ets> a
gold coin, in LL., a coin of less value. See <er>Sold</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Solid</er>, and and cf. <er>Sol</er>,
<er>Soldo</er>.]</ety> <def>An old French copper coin, equivalent
in value to, and now displaced by, the five-centime piece
(<frac1x20/ of a franc), which is popularly called a
<xex>sou</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sou*a"ri nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
large edible nutlike seed of a tall tropical American tree
(<spn>Caryocar nuciferum</spn>) of the same natural order with
the tea plant; -- also called <altname>butternut</altname>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>sawarra nut</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>\'d8Sou"bah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Subah</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sou"bah*dar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Subahdar</er>.</def>
<hw>Sou`brette"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A female
servant or attendant; specifically, as a term of the theater, a
lady's maid, in comedies, who acts the part of an intrigante; a
meddlesome, mischievous female servant or young woman.</def>
<hw>Sou`bri`quet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sobriquet</er>.</def>
<hw>Souce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 1st
<er>Souse</er>.</def>
<hw>Souce</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Souse</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>penser.</au>
<hw>Sou*chong"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Chin.
<ets>seou chong</ets> little plant or sort.]</ety> <def>A kind of
black tea of a fine quality.</def>
<hw>Sou*dan"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>A sultan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<mhw><hw>Soud"ed</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <hw>Soud"et</hw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Solder</er>.]</ety> <def>United; consolidated; made firm;
strengthened</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>O martyr <qex>souded</qex> for virginity!</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Souf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A murmuring or blowing sound; <as>as, the
uterine <ex>souffle</ex> heard over the pregnant
uterus</as>.</def>
<hw>Souf"fl\'82</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>souffl\'82</ets>, p.p. of <ets>souffler</ets> to
puff.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A side dish served hot
from the oven at dinner, made of eggs, milk, and flour or other
farinaceous substance, beaten till very light, and flavored with
fruits, liquors, or essence.</def>
<hw>Sough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sow.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>A small drain; an adit.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>W. M. Buchanan.</au>
<hw>Sough</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>s<?/gr</ets> (in comp.) a rushing sound, or OE.
<ets>swough</ets>, <ets>swogh</ets>, a sound, AS.
<ets>sw<?/gan</ets> to rustle. Cf. <er>Surf</er>, <er>Swoon</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The sound produced by
soughing; a hollow murmur or roaring.</def>
<q>The whispering leaves or solemn <qex>sough</qex> of the
forest.</q>
<qau>W. Howitt.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a vague rumor or flying report.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A cant or whining mode of speaking, especially
in preaching or praying.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Jamieson.</au>
<hw>Sough</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To whistle or sigh, as the
wind.</def>
<hw>Sought</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Seek</er>.</def>
<hw>Souke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
suck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Soul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sole.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Soul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sole.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Soul</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>so\'96ler</ets> to
satiate. See <er>Soil</er> to feed.]</ety> <def>To afford
suitable sustenance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Warner.</au>
<hw>Soul</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>soule</ets>,
<ets>saule</ets>, AS. <ets>s\'bewel</ets>, <ets>s\'bewl</ets>;
akin to OFries. <ets>s<?/le</ets>, OS. <ets>s<?/ola</ets>, D.
<ets>ziel</ets>, G. <ets>seele</ets>, OHG. <ets>s<?/la</ets>,
<ets>s<?/ula</ets>, Icel. <ets>s\'bela</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sj\'84l</ets>, Dan. <ets>si\'91l</ets>, Goth.
<ets>saiwala</ets>; of uncertain origin, perhaps akin to L.
<ets>saeculum</ets> a lifetime, age (cf.
<er>Secular</er>.)]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The spiritual,
rational, and immortal part in man; that part of man which
enables him to think, and which renders him a subject of moral
government; -- sometimes, in distinction from the higher nature,
or spirit, of man, the so-called animal soul, that is, the seat
of life, the sensitive affections and phantasy, exclusive of the
voluntary and rational powers; -- sometimes, in distinction from
the mind, the moral and emotional part of man's nature, the seat
of feeling, in distinction from intellect; -- sometimes, the
intellect only; the understanding; the seat of knowledge, as
distinguished from <xex>feeling</xex>. In a more general sense,
\'bdan animating, separable, surviving entity, the vehicle of
individual personal existence.\'b8</def>
<au>Tylor.</au>
<q>The eyes of our <qex>souls</qex> only then begin to see, when
our bodily eyes are closing.</q>
<qau>Law.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The seat of real life or vitality; the source of
action; the animating or essential part.</def> \'bdThe hidden
<xex>soul</xex> of harmony.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>Thou sun, of this great world both eye and
<qex>soul</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The leader; the inspirer; the moving spirit; the
heart; <as>as, the <ex>soul</ex> of an enterprise; an able
gemeral is the <ex>soul</ex> of his army</as>.</def>
<q>He is the very <qex>soul</qex> of bounty!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Energy; courage; spirit; fervor; affection, or
any other noble manifestation of the heart or moral nature;
inherent power or goodness.</def>
<q>That he wants algebra he must confess;
But not a <qex>soul</qex> to give our arms success.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A human being; a person; -- a familiar
appellation, usually with a qualifying epithet; <as>as, poor
<ex>soul</ex></as>.</def>
<q>As cold waters to a thirsty <qex>soul</qex>, so is good news
from a far country.</q>
<qau>Prov. xxv. 25.</qau>
<q>God forbid so many simple <qex>souls</qex>
Should perish by the aword!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Now mistress Gilpin (careful <qex>soul</qex>).</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A pure or disembodied spirit.</def>
<q>That to his only Son . . . every <qex>soul</qex> in heaven
Shall bend the knee.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Soul</xex> is used in the formation of numerous
compounds, most of which are of obvious signification; as,
<xex>soul</xex>-betraying, <xex>soul</xex>-consuming,
<xex>soul</xex>-destroying, <xex>soul</xex>-distracting,
<xex>soul</xex>-enfeebling, <xex>soul</xex>-exalting,
<xex>soul</xex>-felt, <xex>soul</xex>-harrowing,
<xex>soul</xex>-piercing, <xex>soul</xex>-quickening,
<xex>soul</xex>-reviving, <xex>soul</xex>-stirring,
<xex>soul</xex>-subduing, <xex>soul</xex>-withering, etc.</note>
<syn>Syn. -- Spirit; life; courage; fire; ardor.</syn>
<cs><col>Cure of souls</col>. <cd>See <er>Cure</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Soul bell</col>, <cd>the passing
bell.</cd> <au>Bp. Hall.</au> -- <col>Soul foot</col>. <cd>See
<cref>Soul scot</cref>, below.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --
<col>Soul scot</col> <or/ <col>Soul shot</col>.
<ety>[<ets>Soul</ets> + <ets>scot</ets>, or <ets>shot</ets>; cf.
AS. <ets>s\'bewelsceat</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eccl. Law)</fld>
<cd>A funeral duty paid in former times for a requiem for the
soul.</cd> <au>Ayliffe.</au> </cs>
<hw>Soul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To indue with a
soul; to furnish with a soul or mind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Souled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with a
soul; possessing soul and feeling; -- used chiefly in
composition; <as>as, great-<ex>souled</ex> Hector</as>.</def>
\'bdGrecian chiefs . . . largely <xex>souled</xex>.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sou"li*li`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long-tailed, crested Javan monkey
(<spn>Semnopithecus mitratus</spn>). The head, the crest, and the
upper surface of the tail, are black.</def>
<hw>Soul"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being without
a soul, or without greatness or nobleness of mind; mean;
spiritless.</def>
<q>Slave, <qex>souless</qex> villain, dog!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Soul"less*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a soulless
manner.</def>
<au>Tylor.</au>
<hw>Soun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>Sound.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>aucer.</au>
<hw>Sound</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sund</ets> a swimming, akin to E. <ets>swim</ets>. See
<er>Swim</er>.]</ety> <def>The air bladder of a fish; <as>as, cod
<ex>sounds</ex> are an esteemed article of food</as>.</def>
<hw>Sound</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
cuttlefish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ainsworth.</au>
<hw>Sound</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Sounder</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Soundest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sound</ets>, AS.
<ets>sund</ets>; akin to D. ge<ets>zond</ets>, G.
ge<ets>sund</ets>, OHG. gi<ets>sunt</ets>, Dan. & Sw.
<ets>sund</ets>, and perhaps to L. <ets>sanus</ets>. Cf.
<er>Sane</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Whole; unbroken; unharmed;
free from flaw, defect, or decay; perfect of the kind; <as>as,
<ex>sound</ex> timber; <ex>sound</ex> fruit; a <ex>sound</ex>
tooth; a <ex>sound</ex> ship</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Healthy; not diseased; not being in a morbid
state; -- said of body or mind; <as>as, a <ex>sound</ex> body; a
<ex>sound</ex> constitution; a <ex>sound</ex>
understanding</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Firm; strong; safe.</def>
<q>The brasswork here, how rich it is in beams,
And how, besides, it makes the whole house <qex>sound</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Free from error; correct; right; honest; true;
faithful; orthodox; -- said of persons; <as>as, a <ex>sound</ex>
lawyer; a <ex>sound</ex> thinker</as>.</def>
<q>Do not I know you a favorer
Of this new seat? Ye are nor <qex>sound</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Founded in truth or right; supported by justice;
not to be overthrown on refuted; not fallacious; <as>as,
<ex>sound</ex> argument or reasoning; a <ex>sound</ex> objection;
<ex>sound</ex> doctrine; <ex>sound</ex> principles</as>.</def>
<q>Hold fast the form of <qex>sound</qex> words, which thou hast
heard of me.</q>
<qau>2 Tim. i. 13.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>heavy; laid on with force; <as>as, a
<ex>sound</ex> beating</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Undisturbed; deep; profound; <as>as,
<ex>sound</ex> sleep</as>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Founded in law; legal; valid; not defective;
<as>as, a <ex>sound</ex> title to land</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sound</xex> is sometimes used in the formation
of self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>sound</xex>-headed,
<xex>sound</xex>-hearted, <xex>sound</xex>-timbered, etc.</note>
<cs><col>Sound currency</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a currency
whose actual value is the same as its nominal value; a currency
which does not deteriorate or depreciate or fluctuate in
comparision with the standard of values.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sound</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Soundly.</def>
<q>So <qex>sound</qex> he slept that naught might him awake.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Sound</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>sund</ets> a narrow
sea or strait; akin to Icel., Sw., Dan. & G. <ets>sund</ets>,
probably so named because it could be <ets>swum</ets> across. See
<er>Swim</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A narrow passage of
water, or a strait between the mainland and an island; also, a
strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea or lake with the
ocean; <as>as, the <ex>Sound</ex> between the Baltic and the
german Ocean; Long Island <ex>Sound</ex></as>.</def>
<q>The <qex>Sound</qex> of Denmark, where ships pay toll.</q>
<qau>Camden.</qau>
<cs><col>Sound dues</col>, <cd>tolls formerly imposed by Denmark
on vessels passing through the Baltic Sound.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sound</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sounded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>sonder</ets>; cf.
AS. <ets>sund</ets>gyrd a sounding rod, <ets>sund</ets>line a
sounding line (see <er>Sound</er> a narrow passage of
water).]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To measure the depth of; to
fathom; especially, to ascertain the depth of by means of a line
and plummet.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To ascertain, or try to ascertain, the
thoughts, motives, and purposes of (a person); to examine; to
try; to test; to probe.</def>
<q>I was in jest,
And by that offer meant to <qex>sound</qex> your breast.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>I've <qex>sounded</qex> my Numidians man by man.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To explore, as the bladder or
urethra, with a sound; to examine with a sound; also, to examine
by auscultation or percussion; <as>as, to <ex>sound</ex> a
patient</as>.</def>
<-- p. 1375 -->
<hw>Sound</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To ascertain
the depth of water with a sounding line or other device.</def>
<q>I <qex>sound</qex> as a shipman <qex>soundeth</qex> in the sea
with his plummet to know the depth of sea.</q>
<qau>Palsgrave.</qau>
<hw>Sound</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sonde</ets>. See
<er>Sound</er> to fathom.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any
elongated instrument or probe, usually metallic, by which
cavities of the body are sounded or explored, especially the
bladder for stone, or the urethra for a stricture.</def>
<hw>Sound</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>soun</ets>, OF.
<ets>son</ets>, <ets>sun</ets>, F. <ets>son</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>sonus</ets> akin to Skr. <ets>svana</ets> sound,
<ets>svan</ets> to sound, and perh. to E. <ets>swan</ets>. Cf.
<er>Assonant</er>, <er>Consonant</er>, <er>Person</er>,
<er>Sonata</er>, <er>Sonnet</er>, <er>Sonorous</er>,
<er>Swan</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The peceived object
occasioned by the impulse or vibration of a material substance
affecting the ear; a sensation or perception of the mind received
through the ear, and produced by the impulse or vibration of the
air or other medium with which the ear is in contact; the effect
of an impression made on the organs of hearing by an impulse or
vibration of the air caused by a collision of bodies, or by other
means; noise; report; <as>as, the <ex>sound</ex> of a drum; the
<ex>sound</ex> of the human voice; a horrid <ex>sound</ex>; a
charming <ex>sound</ex>; a sharp, high, or shrill
<ex>sound</ex></as>.</def>
<q>The warlike <qex>sound</qex>
Of trumpets loud and clarions.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The occasion of sound; the impulse or vibration
which would occasion sound to a percipient if present with
unimpaired; hence, the theory of vibrations in elastic media such
cause sound; <as>as, a treatise on <ex>sound</ex></as>.</def>
<note><hand/ In this sense, sounds are spoken of as
<xex>audible</xex> and <xex>inaudible</xex>.</note>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Noise without signification; empty noise; noise
and nothing else.</def>
<q>Sense and not <qex>sound</qex> . . . must be the
principle.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<cs><col>Sound boarding</col>, <cd>boards for holding pugging,
placed in partitions of under floors in order to deaden
sounds.</cd> -- <col>Sound bow</col>, <cd>in a series of
transverse sections of a bell, that segment against which the
clapper strikes, being the part which is most efficacious in
producing the sound. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of <er>Bell</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Sound post</col>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Sounding post</cref>, under <er>Sounding</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sound</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sounen</ets>,
<ets>sownen</ets>, OF. <ets>soner</ets>, <ets>suner</ets>, F.
<ets>sonner</ets>, from L. <ets>sonare</ets>. See <er>Sound</er>
a noise.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a noise; to utter a
voice; to make an impulse of the air that shall strike the organs
of hearing with a perceptible effect.</def> \'bdAnd first taught
speaking trumpets how to <xex>sound</xex>.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>How silver-sweet <qex>sound</qex> lovers' tongues!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be conveyed in sound; to be spread or
published; to convey intelligence by sound.</def>
<q>From you <qex>sounded</qex> out the word of the Lord.</q>
<qau>1 Thess. i. 8.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make or convey a certain impression, or to
have a certain import, when heard; hence, to seem; to appear;
<as>as, this reproof <ex>sounds</ex> harsh; the story
<ex>sounds</ex> like an invention</as>.</def>
<q>Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear
Things that do <qex>sound</qex> so fair?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>To sound in</col> <or/ <col>into</col></mcol>,
<cd>to tend to; to partake of the nature of; to be consonant
with. <mark>[Obs., except in the phrase To sound in damages,
below.]</mark></cd>
<q><qex>Soun[<plain>d</plain>]ing in</qex> moral virtue was his
speech.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
-- <col>To sound in damages</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to have
the essential quality of damages. This is said of an action
brought, not for the recovery of a specific thing, as replevin,
etc., but for damages only, as trespass, and the like.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sound</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To causse to
make a noise; to play on; <as>as, to <ex>sound</ex> a trumpet or
a horn</as>.</def>
<q>A bagpipe well could he play and <qex>soun</qex>[d].</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to exit as a sound; <as>as, to
<ex>sound</ex> a note with the voice, or on an
instrument</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To order, direct, indicate, or proclain by a
sound, or sounds; to give a signal for by a certain sound;
<as>as, to <ex>sound</ex> a retreat; to <ex>sound</ex> a
parley</as>.</def>
<q>The clock <qex>sounded</qex> the hour of noon.</q>
<qau>G. H. Lewes.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To celebrate or honor by sounds; to cause to be
reported; to publish or proclaim; <as>as, to <ex>sound</ex> the
praises of fame of a great man or a great exploit</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To examine the condition of (anything) by
causing the same to emit sounds and noting their character;
<as>as, to <ex>sound</ex> a piece of timber; to <ex>sound</ex> a
vase; to <ex>sound</ex> the lungs of a patient</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To signify; to import; to denote.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q><qex>Soun[<plain>d</plain>]ing</qex> alway the increase of his
winning.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sound"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being sounded.</def>
<hw>Sound"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Dues for
soundings.</def>
<hw>Sound"-board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sounding-board.</def>
<q>To many a row of pipes the <qex>sound-board</qex>
breathes.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sound"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which; sounds; specifically, an instrument used in
telegraphy in place of a register, the communications being read
by sound.</def>
<hw>Sound"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
herd of wild hogs.</def>
<hw>Sound"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making or emitting sound;
hence, sonorous; <as>as, <ex>sounding</ex> words</as>.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Sound"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one
who, or that which, sounds (in any of the senses of the several
verbs).</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <ety>[From <er>Sound</er> to
fathom.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>measurement by sounding; also,
the depth so ascertained.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any place or
part of the ocean, or other water, where a sounding line will
reach the bottom; -- usually in the plural</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>The sand, shells, or the like, that are brought up by the
sounding lead when it has touched bottom.</def>
<cs><col>Sounding lead</col>, <cd>the plummet at the end of a
sounding line.</cd> -- <col>Sounding line</col>, <cd>a line
having a plummet at the end, used in making soundings.</cd> --
<col>Sounding post</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a small post in a
violin, violoncello, or similar instrument, set under the bridge
as a support, for propagating the sounds to the body of the
instrument; -- called also <altname>sound post</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Sounding rod</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a rod used to
ascertain the depth of water in a ship's hold.</cd> -- <col>In
soundings</col>, <cd>within the eighty-fathom line.</cd></cs>
<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>
<hw>Sound"ing-board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A thin board which propagates the sound in
a piano, in a violin, and in some other musical
instruments.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A board or structure placed behind or over a
pulpit or rostrum to give distinctness to a speaker's
voice.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>See <cref>Sound
boarding</cref>, under <er>Sound</er>, a noise.</def>
<hw>Sound"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not capable
of being sounded or fathomed; unfathomable.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sound"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no sound;
noiseless; silent.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sound"less*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Sound"less*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sound"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sound manner.</def>
<hw>Sound"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being sound; <as>as, the <ex>soundness</ex> of timber, of fruit,
of the teeth, etc.; the <ex>soundness</ex> of reasoning or
argument; <ex>soundness</ex> of faith.</as></def>
<syn>Syn. -- Firmness; strength; solidity; healthiness; truth;
rectitude.</syn>
<hw>Soune</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sounst</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Soused. See
<er>Souse</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Soup</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>soupe</ets>, OF. <ets>sope</ets>, <ets>supe</ets>,
<ets>soupe</ets>, perhaps originally, a piece of bread; probably
of Teutonic origin; cf. D. <ets>sop</ets> sop, G.
<ets>suppe</ets> soup. See <er>Sop</er> something dipped in a
liquid, and cf. <er>Supper</er>.]</ety> <def>A liquid food of
many kinds, usually made by boiling meat and vegetables, or
either of them, in water, -- commonly seasoned or flavored;
strong broth.</def>
<cs><col>Soup kitchen</col>, <cd>an establishment for preparing
and supplying soup to the poor.</cd> -- <col>Soup ticket</col>,
<cd>a ticket conferring the privilege of receiving soup at a soup
kitchen.</cd></cs>
<hw>Soup</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To sup or swallow.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif.</au>
<hw>Soup</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To breathe out.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>amden.</au>
<hw>Soup</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To sweep. See
<er>Sweep</er>, and <er>Swoop</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Soupe`-mai"gre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Soup made chiefly from
vegetables or fish with a little butter and a few
condiments.</def>
<hw>Sou"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That part of a
flail which strikes the grain.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Soup"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling soup;
souplike.</def>
<hw>Sour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sourer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sourest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sour</ets>, <ets>sur</ets>, AS. <ets>s<?/r</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>zuur</ets>, G. <ets>sauer</ets>, OHG. <ets>s<?/r</ets>,
Icel. <ets>s<?/rr</ets>, Sw. <ets>sur</ets>, Dan.
<ets>suur</ets>, Lith. <ets>suras</ets> salt, Russ.
<ets>surovui</ets> harsh, rough. Cf. <er>Sorrel</er>, the
plant.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having an acid or sharp, biting
taste, like vinegar, and the juices of most unripe fruits; acid;
tart.</def>
<q>All <qex>sour</qex> things, as vinegar, provoke appetite.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Changed, as by keeping, so as to be acid,
rancid, or musty, turned.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Disagreeable; unpleasant; hence; cross; crabbed;
peevish; morose; <as>as, a man of a <ex>sour</ex> temper; a
<ex>sour</ex> reply.</as></def> \'bdA <xex>sour</xex>
countenance.\'b8
<au>Swift.</au>
<q>He was a scholar . . .
Lofty and <qex>sour</qex> to them that loved him not,
But to those men that sought him sweet as summer.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Afflictive; painful.</def> \'bd<xex>Sour</xex>
adversity.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Cold and unproductive; <as>as, <ex>sour</ex>
land; a <ex>sour</ex> marsh.</as></def>
<cs><col>Sour dock</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>sorrel.</cd> --
<col>Sour gourd</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the gourdlike fruit
<spn>Adansonia Gregorii</spn>, and <spn>A. digitata</spn>; also,
either of the trees bearing this fruit. See
<er>Adansonia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sour grapes</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Grape</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sour gum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Turelo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sour plum</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the edible acid fruit of an Australian
tree (<spn>Owenia venosa</spn>); also, the tree itself, which
furnished a hard reddish wood used by wheelwrights.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Acid; sharp; tart; acetous; acetose; harsh;
acrimonious; crabbed; currish; peevish.</syn>
<hw>Sour</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sour or acid substance;
whatever produces a painful effect.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sour</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>s<?/rian</ets> to
sour, to become sour.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to become
sour; to cause to turn from sweet to sour; <as>as, exposure to
the air <ex>sours</ex> many substances</as>.</def>
<q>So the sun's heat, with different powers,
Ripens the grape, the liquor <qex>sours</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make cold and unproductive, as soil.</def>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make unhappy, uneasy, or less
agreeable.</def>
<q>To <qex>sour</qex> your happiness I must report,
The queen is dead.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause or permit to become harsh or
unkindly.</def> \'bd<xex>Souring</xex> his cheeks.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Pride had not <qex>sour'd</qex> nor wrath debased my
heart.</q>
<qau>Harte.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To macerate, and render fit for plaster or
mortar; <as>as, to <ex>sour</ex> lime for business
purposes</as>.</def>
<hw>Sour</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Soured</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Souring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To become sour; to turn from
sweet to sour; <as>as, milk soon <ex>sours</ex> in hot weather; a
kind temper sometimes <ex>sours</ex> in adversity.</as></def>
<q>They keep out melancholy from the virtuous, and hinder the
hatred of vice from <qex>souring</qex> into severity.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Source</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sours</ets>, OF. <ets>sourse</ets>, <ets>surse</ets>,
<ets>sorse</ets>, F. <ets>source</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>sors</ets>,
p.p. of OF. <ets>sordre</ets>, <ets>surdre</ets>,
<ets>sourdre</ets>, to spring forth or up, F. <ets>sourdre</ets>,
fr. L. <ets>surgere</ets> to lift or raise up, to spring up. See
<er>Surge</er>, and cf. <er>Souse</er> to plunge or swoop as a
bird upon its prey.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of rising; a
rise; an ascent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Therefore right as an hawk upon a <qex>sours</qex>
Up springeth into the air, right so prayers . . .
Maken their <qex>sours</qex> to Goddes ears two.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The rising from the ground, or beginning, of a
stream of water or the like; a spring; a fountain.</def>
<q>Where as the Poo out of a welle small
Taketh his firste springing and his <qex>sours</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Kings that rule
Behind the hidden <qex>sources</qex> of the Nile.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That from which anything comes forth, regarded
as its cause or origin; the person from whom anything originates;
first cause.</def>
<q>This <qex>source</qex> of ideas every man has wholly in
himself.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<q>The <qex>source</qex> of Newton's light, of Bacon's sense.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Origin</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sour"crout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sauerkraut</er>.</def>
<hw>Sourde</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sourdre</ets>. See <er>Source</er>.]</ety> <def>To have
origin or source; to rise; to spring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Now might men ask whereof that pride <qex>sourdeth</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sour"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Any sour apple.</def>
<hw>Sour"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat sour; moderately
acid; <as>as, <ex>sourish</ex> fruit; a <ex>sourish</ex>
taste</as>.</def>
<hw>Sour"krout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Sauerkraut</er>.</def>
<hw>Sour"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sour manner; with
sourness.</def>
<hw>Sour"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being sour.</def>
<hw>Sours</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Source. See
<er>Source</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sour"sop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The large succulent and slightly acid fruit of a small tree
(<spn>Anona muricata</spn>) of the West Indies; also, the tree
itself. It is closely allied to the custard apple.</def>
<hw>Sour"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The sorrel tree.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sous</hw>, <hw>Souse</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(F. s<oomac/;
<xex>colloq. Eng</xex>. sous)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A corrupt
form of Sou.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Colman, the Elder.</au>
<hw>Souse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>sausse</ets>. See <er>Sauce</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>souce</asp>, <asp>sowce</asp>, and
<asp>sowse</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pickle made with
salt.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something kept or steeped in pickle; esp., the
pickled ears, feet, etc., of swine.</def>
<q>And he that can rear up a pig in his house,
Hath cheaper his bacon, and sweeter his <qex>souse</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tusser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The ear; especially, a hog's ear.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of sousing; a plunging into water.</def>
<hw>Souse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Soused</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sousing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>saucer</ets> to
wet with sauce. See <er>Souse</er> pickle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To steep in pickle; to pickle.</def> \'bdA <xex>soused</xex>
gurnet.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To plunge or immerse in water or any
liquid.</def>
<q>They <qex>soused</qex> me over head and ears in water.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To drench, as by an immersion; to wet
throughly.</def>
<q>Although I be well <qex>soused</qex> in this shower.</q>
<qau>Gascoigne.</qau>
<hw>Souse</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Probably fr. OF.
<ets>sors</ets>, p.p. of <ets>sordre</ets> to rise, and first
used of an upward swood, then of a swoop in general, but also
confused with <er>Souse</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> See
<er>Source</er>.]</ety> <def>To swoop or plunge, as a bird upon
its prey; to fall suddenly; to rush with speed; to make a sudden
attack.</def>
<q>For then I viewed his plunge and <qex>souse</qex>
Into the foamy main.</q>
<qau>Marston.</qau>
<q>Jove's bird will <qex>souse</qex> upon the timorous hare.</q>
<qau>J. Dryden. Jr.</qau>
<hw>Souse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pounce upon.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>[The gallant monarch] like eagle o'er his serie towers,
To <qex>souse</qex> annoyance that comes near his nest.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Souse</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of sousing, or
swooping.</def>
<q>As a falcon fair
That once hath failed or her <qex>souse</qex> full near.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Souse</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a sudden swoop;
violently.</def>
<au>Young.</au>
<hw>Sous"lik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Suslik</er>.</def>
<hw>Sout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Soot.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sou`tache"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of narrow braid, usually of silk; --
also known as <altname>Russian braid</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sout"age</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>That in which anything is
packed; bagging, as for hops.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sou`tane"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
Sp. <ets>sotana</ets>, or It. <ets>sottana</ets>, LL.
<ets>subtana</ets>, fr. L. <ets>subtus</ets> below, beneath, fr.
<ets>sub</ets> under.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Costume)</fld> <def>A
close garnment with straight sleeves, and skirts reaching to the
ankles, and buttoned in front from top to bottom; especially, the
black garment of this shape worn by the clergy in France and
Italy as their daily dress; a cassock.</def>
<hw>Sou"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>s<?/t<?/re</ets>, fr. It. <ets>sutor</ets>, fr.
<ets>suere</ets> to sew.]</ety> <def>A shoemaker; a
cobbler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>There is no work better than another to please God: . . . to
wash dishes, to be a <qex>souter</qex>, or an apostle, -- all is
one.</q>
<qau>Tyndale.</qau>
<hw>Sou"ter*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a
cobbler or cobblers; like a cobbler; hence, vulgar; low.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sou"ter*rain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Subterranean</er>.]</ety> <def>A grotto or cavern under
ground.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>South</hw> <pr>(?; <xex>by sailors</xex> sou)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>south</ets>, <ets>su<thorn/</ets>,
AS. <ets>s<umac/<edh/</ets> for <ets>sun<edh/</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>zuid</ets>, OHG. <ets>sund</ets>, G. <ets>s\'81d</ets>,
<ets>s\'81den</ets>, Icel. <ets>su<edh/r</ets>, <ets>sunnr</ets>,
Dan. <ets>syd</ets>, <ets>s\'94nden</ets>, Sw. <ets>syd</ets>,
<ets>s\'94der</ets>, <ets>sunnan</ets>; all probably akin to E.
<ets>sun</ets>, meaning, the side towards the sun. <root/297. See
<er>Sun</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That one of the four
cardinal points directly opposite to the north; the region or
direction to the right or direction to the right of a person who
faces the east.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A country, region, or place situated farther to
the south than another; the southern section of a country.</def>
\'bdThe queen of the <xex>south</xex>.\'b8
<au>Matt. xii. 42.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Specifically: That part of the United States
which is south of Mason and Dixon's line. See under
<er>Line</er>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The wind from the south.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>South</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lying toward the south;
situated at the south, or in a southern direction from the point
of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the south, or
coming from the south; blowing from the south; southern; <as>as,
the <ex>south</ex> pole</as>.</def> \'bdAt the <xex>south</xex>
entry.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>South-Sea tea</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Yaupon</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>South</hw><def>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> Toward the
south; southward.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>From the south; <as>as, the wind blows
<ex>south</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>South</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Southed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Southing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To turn or move
toward the south; to veer toward the south.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>To come to the meridian; to
cross the north and south line; -- said chiefly of the moon;
<as>as, the moon <ex>souths</ex> at nine</as>.</def>
<hw>South*cot"ti*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.
Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Joanna <xex>Southcott</xex>
(1750-1814), an Englishwoman who, professing to have received a
miraculous calling, preached and prophesied, and committed many
impious absurdities.</def>
<hw>South"down`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the South Downs, a range of pasture hills south of
the Thames, in England.</def>
<cs><col>Southdown sheep</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
celebrated breed of shortwooled, hornless sheep, highly valued on
account of the delicacy of their flesh. So called from the South
Downs where the breed originated.</cd></cs>
<hw>South"down`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Southdown sheep.</def>
<-- p. 1376 -->
<hw>South`east"</hw> <pr>(?; <xex>by sailors</xex> sou"-)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The point of the compass equally distant from
the south and the east; the southeast part or region.</def>
<hw>South`east</hw> <pr>(?; <xex>by sailors</xex> sou"-)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the southeast; proceeding
toward, or coming from, the southeast; <as>as, a
<ex>southeast</ex> course; a <ex>southeast</ex> wind.</as></def>
<hw>South`east"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A storm,
strong wind, or gale coming from the southeast.</def>
<hw>South`east"er</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward the
southeast.</def>
<hw>South`east"ern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the southeast; southeasterly.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>South`east"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>South`east"ward*ly</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward
the southeast.</def>
<hw>South"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A strong wind,
gale, or storm from the south.</def>
<hw>South"er*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being southerly; direction toward the
south.</def>
<hw>South"er*ly</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Southern.</def>
<hw>South"ern</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>s<?/<?/ern</ets>. See <er>South</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to the south; situated in, or proceeding from, the
south; situated or proceeding toward the south.</def>
<cs><col>Southern Cross</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a
constellation of the southern hemisphere containing several
bright stars so related in position as to resemble a cross.</cd>
-- <col>Southern Fish</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a
constelation of the southern hemisphere (<spn>Piscis
Australis</spn>) containing the bright star Fomalhaut.</cd> --
<col>Southern States</col> <fld>(U.S. Hist. & Geog.)</fld>,
<cd>the States of the American Union lying south of Pennsylvania
and the Ohio River, with Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. Before
the Civil War, Missouri also, being a slave State, was classed as
one of the Southern States.</cd></cs>
<hw>South"ern</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Southerner.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>South"ern*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
inhabitant or native of the south, esp. of the Southern States of
North America; opposed to <xex>Northerner</xex>.</def>
<hw>South"ern*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Southerliness.</def>
<hw>South"ern*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
southern.</def> -- <def2><pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a southerly
manner or course; southward.</def></def2>
<hw>South"ern*most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Farthest south.</def>
<hw>South"ern*wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrubby species of wormwood
(<spn>Artemisia Abrotanum</spn>) having aromatic foliage. It is
sometimes used in making beer.</def>
<hw>South"ing</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Tendency or progress southward; <as>as, the
<ex>southing</ex> of the sun</as>.</def>
<au>Emerson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The time at which the moon, or other heavenly
body, passes the meridian of a place.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Distance of any heavenly
body south of the equator; south declination; south
latitude.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Surv. & Navigation)</fld> <def>Distance
southward from any point departure or of reckoning, measured on a
meridian; -- opposed to <xex>northing</xex>.</def>
<hw>South"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Southerly.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>
<hw>South"most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Farthest
toward the south; southernmost.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>South"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tendency in the end of
a magnetic needle to point toward the south pole.</def>
<au>Faraday.</au>
<hw>South"ren</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Southern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdI am a
<xex>Southren</xex> man.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>South"ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An inhabitant
of the more southern part of a country; formerly, a name given in
Scotland to any Englishman.</def>
<hw>South"say`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Soothsay</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>South"say`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Soothsayer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>South` south"er*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>the old squaw; -- so called in imitation of its cry. Called
also <altname>southerly</altname>, and
<altname>southerland</altname>. See under <er>Old</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>South"ward</hw> <pr>(?; <it>colloq.</it> <?/),
<hw>South"wards</hw> <pr>(?; <it>colloq.</it> <?/)</pr> }</mhw>,
<pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward the south, or toward a point nearer
the south than the east or west point; <as>as, to go
<ex>southward</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>South"ward</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Toward the south.</def>
<hw>South"ward</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The southern regions or
countries; the south.</def>
<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>
<hw>South"ward*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a southern
direction.</def>
<hw>South`west</hw> <pr>(?; <it>colloq.</it> sou"-.)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>The point of the compass equally from the
south and the west; the southwest part or region.</def>
<hw>South`west"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or in the
direction of, the southwest; proceeding toward the southwest;
coming from the southwest; <as>as, a <ex>southwest</ex>
wind</as>.</def>
<hw>South`west"er</hw> <pr>(?; <xex>colloq</xex>. <?/)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A storm, gale, or strong wind from
the southwest.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hat made of painted canvas, oiled cloth, or
the like, with a flap at the back, -- worn in stormy
weather.</def>
<hw>South`west"er*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>To ward or from the
southwest; <as>as, a <ex>southwesterly</ex> course; a
<ex>southwesterly</ex> wind.</as></def>
<hw>South`west"ern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the southwest; southwesterly; <as>as, to sail a
<ex>southwestern</ex> course</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>South`west"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>South`west"ward*ly</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward
the southwest.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sou"ve*nance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>So"ve*naunce</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>souvenance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Remembrance.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Of his way he had no <qex>sovenance</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Sou`ve*nir</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,
fr. <ets>souvenir</ets> to remember, fr. L. <ets>subvenire</ets>
to come up, come to mind; <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>venire</ets> to come, akin to E. <ets>come</ets>.
<ets>See</ets> <er>Come</er>, and cf. <er>Subvention</er>.]</ety>
<def>That which serves as a reminder; a remembrancer; a memento;
a keepsake.</def>
<hw>Sov"er*eign</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[OE. <ets>soverain</ets>, <ets>sovereyn</ets>, OF.
<ets>soverain</ets>, <ets>suvrain</ets>, F. <ets>souverain</ets>,
LL. <ets>superanus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>superus</ets> that is
above, upper, higher, fr. <ets>super</ets> above. See
<er>Over</er>, <er>Super</er>, and cf. <er>Soprano</er>. The
modern spelling is due to a supposed connection with
<ets>reign</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Supreme or highest in
power; superior to all others; chief; <as>as, our
<ex>sovereign</ex> prince</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Independent of, and unlimited by, any other;
possessing, or entitled to, original authority or jurisdiction;
<as>as, a <ex>sovereign</ex> state; a <ex>sovereign</ex>
discretion</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Princely; royal.</def> \'bdMost
<xex>sovereign</xex> name.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>At Babylon was his <qex>sovereign</qex> see.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount.</def>
<q>We acknowledge him [God] our <qex>sovereign</qex> good.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Efficacious in the highest degree; effectual;
controlling; <as>as, a <ex>sovereign</ex> remedy</as>.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>Such a <qex>sovereign</qex> influence has this passion upon
the regulation of the lives and actions of men.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<cs><col>Sovereign state</col>, <cd>a state which administers its
own government, and is not dependent upon, or subject to, another
power.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sov"er*eign</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The person, body, or state in which independent
and supreme authority is vested; especially, in a monarchy, a
king, queen, or emperor.</def>
<q>No question is to be made but that the bed of the Mississippi
belongs to the <qex>sovereign</qex>, that is, to the nation.</q>
<qau>Jefferson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gold coin of Great Britain, on which an effigy
of the head of the reigning king or queen is stamped, valued at
one pound sterling, or about $4.86.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any butterfly of the tribe
<spn>Nymphalidi</spn>, or genus <spn>Basilarchia</spn>, as the
ursula and the viceroy.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- King; prince; monarch; potentate; emperor.</syn>
<hw>Sov"er*eign*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
exercise supreme authority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>
<hw>Sov"er*eign*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sovereign
manner; in the highest degree; supremely.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sov"er*eign*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sovereignties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.
<ets>soverainetee</ets>, OF. <ets>sovrainet\'82</ets>, F.
<ets>souverainet\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of
being sovereign, or of being a sovereign; the exercise of, or
right to exercise, supreme power; dominion; sway; supremacy;
independence; also, that which is sovereign; a sovereign state;
<as>as, Italy was formerly divided into many
<ex>sovereignties</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Woman desiren to have <qex>sovereignty</qex>
As well over their husband as over their love.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sov"ran</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>A variant of
<er>Sovereign</er>.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<q>On thy bald, awful head, O <qex>sovran</qex> Blanc.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Sow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To sew. See
<er>Sew</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sowe</ets>, <ets>suwe</ets>, AS. <ets>sugu</ets>, akin to
<ets>s<umac/</ets>, D. <ets>zog</ets>, <ets>zeug</ets>, OHG.
<ets>s<umac/</ets>, G. <ets>sau</ets>, Icel. <ets>s<ymac/r</ets>,
Dan. <ets>so</ets>, Sw. <ets>sugga</ets>, <ets>so</ets>, L.
<ets>sus</ets>. Gr. <grk>"y^s</grk>, <grk>sy^s</grk>, Zend. hu
boar; probably from the root seen in Skr. <ets>s<umac/</ets> to
beget, to bear; the animal being named in allusion to its
fecundity. <root/294. Cf. <er>Hyena</er>, <er>Soil</er> to stain,
<er>Son</er>, <er>Swine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female of swine, or of the hog
kind.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sow bug.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A channel or
runner which receives the rows of molds in the pig bed.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bar of metal which remains in such a
runner.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A mass of solidified metal in a
furnace hearth; a salamander.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of covered shed,
formerly used by besiegers in filling up and passing the ditch of
a besieged place, sapping and mining the wall, or the like.</def>
<au>Craig.</au>
<cs><col>Sow bread</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Cyclamen</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sow bug</col>, <or/
<col>Sowbug</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
numerous species of terrestrial Isopoda belonging to
<spn>Oniscus</spn>, <spn>Porcellio</spn>, and allied genera of
the family <spn>Oniscid\'91</spn>. They feed chiefly on decaying
vegetable substances.</cd> -- <col>Sow thistle</col> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sugepistel<ets>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a composite
plant (<spn>Sonchus oleraceus</spn>) said to be eaten by swine
and some other animals.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Sowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Sown</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Sowed</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sowen</ets>, <ets>sawen</ets>, AS. <ets>s\'bewan</ets>; akin
to OFries. <ets>s<?/a</ets>, D. <ets>zaaijen</ets>, OS. & HG.
<ets>s\'bejan</ets>, G. <ets>s\'84en</ets>, Icel.
<ets>s\'be</ets>, Sw. <ets>s\'86</ets>, Dan. <ets>saae</ets>,
Goth. <ets>saian</ets>, Lith. <ets>s<emac/ti</ets>, Russ.
<ets>sieiate</ets>, L. <ets>serere</ets>, <ets>sevi</ets>. Cf.
<er>Saturday</er>, <er>Season</er>, <er>Seed</er>,
<er>Seminary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To scatter, as seed,
upon the earth; to plant by strewing; <as>as, to <ex>sow</ex>
wheat</as>. Also used figuratively: To spread abroad; to
propagate.</def> \'bdHe would <xex>sow some difficulty</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>A sower went forth to <qex>sow</qex>; and when he
<qex>sowed</qex>, some seeds fell by the wayside.</q>
<qau>Matt. xiii. 3, 4.</qau>
<q>And <qex>sow</qex> dissension in the hearts of brothers.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To scatter seed upon, in, or over; to supply or
stock, as land, with seeds. Also used figuratively: To scatter
over; to besprinkle.</def>
<q>The intellectual faculty is a goodly field, . . . and it is
the worst husbandry in the world to <qex>sow</qex> it with
trifles.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>
<q>[He] <qex>sowed</qex> with stars the heaven.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Now morn . . . <qex>sowed</qex> the earth with orient
pearl.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sow</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To scatter seed for growth
and the production of a crop; -- literally or figuratively.</def>
<q>They that <qex>sow</qex> in tears shall reap in joi.</q>
<qau>Ps. cxxvi. 5.</qau>
<hw>Sow"ans</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sowens</er>.</def>
<hw>Sow"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.
<ets>saw\'ber</ets> a horseman.]</ety> <def>In India, a mounted
soldier.</def>
<hw>Sow"bane`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The red goosefoot (<spn>Chenopodium rubrum</spn>), -- said
to be fatal to swine.</def>
<hw>Sowce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Souse</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sow"dan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>soudan</ets>. See <er>Soldan</er>.]</ety> <def>Sultan.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sow"dan*esse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sultaness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sow"ens</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[Scottish; cf. AS. <ets>se\'a0w</ets> juice, glue,
paste.]</ety> <def>A nutritious article of food, much used in
Scotland, made from the husk of the oat by a process not unlike
that by which common starch is made; -- called
<altname>flummery</altname> in England.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>sowans</asp>, and <asp>sowins</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sow"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that
which, sows.</def>
<hw>Sow"ins</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sowens</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sowl</hw>, <hw>Sowle</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. prov. G. <ets>zaulen</ets>,
<ets>zauseln</ets>, G. <ets>zausen</ets> to tug, drag.]</ety>
<def>To pull by the ears; to drag about.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>hak.</au>
<hw>Sowl</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See <er>Soul</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Sow</er>.</def>
<hw>Sowne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sowse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Souse</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>ryden.</au>
<hw>Sow"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Souter</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Soy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Chinese
<ets>sh\'d3y\'d4</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A Chinese and
Japanese liquid sauce for fish, etc., made by subjecting boiled
beans (esp. soja beans), or beans and meal, to long fermentation
and then long digestion in salt and water.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The soja, a kind of bean. See
<er>Soja</er>.</def>
<hw>Soyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Aphetic form
of <ets>assoil</ets>.]</ety> <def>To solve, to clear up; <as>as,
to <ex>soyl</ex> all other texts</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Tyndate.</au>
<hw>Soyle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Soil</er> to
feed.]</ety> <def>Prey.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Soyn"ed</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>soigner</ets> to care.]</ety> <def>Filled with care;
anxious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Mir. for Mag.</au>
<hw>Soz"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Freq. from
<ets>soss</ets>, v.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To splash or wet
carelessly; <as>as, to <ex>sozzle</ex> the feet in
water</as>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To heap up in confusion.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Forby.</au>
<hw>Soz"zle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who spills
water or other liquids carelessly; specifically, a sluttish
woman.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mass, or heap, confusedly mingled.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spa</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A spring or
mineral water; -- so called from a place of this name in
Belgium.</def>
<hw>Spaad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>spath</ets> spar. See <er>Spar</er> the mineral.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of spar; earth flax, or
amianthus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>oodward.</au>
<hw>Space</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>space</ets>, F. <ets>espace</ets>, from L.
<ets>spatium</ets> space; cf. Gr. <?/ to draw, to tear; perh.
akin to E. <ets>span</ets>. Cf. <er>Expatiate</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Extension, considered independently of anything
which it may contain; that which makes extended objects
conceivable and possible.</def>
<q>Pure <qex>space</qex> is capable neither of resistance nor
motion.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Place, having more or <?/ess extension;
room.</def>
<q>They gave him chase, and hunted him as hare;
Long had he no <qex>space</qex> to dwell [in].</q>
<qau>R. of Brunne.</qau>
<q>While I have time and <qex>space</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A quantity or portion of extension; distance
from one thing to another; an interval between any two or more
objects; <as>as, the <ex>space</ex> between two stars or two
hills; the sound was heard for the <ex>space</ex> of a
mile</as>.</def>
<q>Put a <qex>space</qex> betwixt drove and drove.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxxii. 16.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Quantity of time; an interval between two points
of time; duration; time.</def> \'bdGrace God gave him here, this
land to keep long <xex>space</xex>.\'b8
<au>R. of brunne.</au>
<q>Nine times the <qex>space</qex> that measures day and
night.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>God may defer his judgments for a time, and give a people a
longer <qex>space</qex> of repentance.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A short time; a while.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bdTo stay your deadly strife a <xex>space</xex>.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Walk; track; path; course.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>This ilke [same] monk let old things pace,
And held after the new world the <qex>space</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small piece
of metal cast lower than a face type, so as not to receive the
ink in printing, -- used to separate words or letters.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The distance or interval between words or
letters in the lines, or between lines, as in books.</def>
<note><hand/ Spaces are of different thicknesses to enable the
compositor to arrange the words at equal distances from each
other in the same line.</note>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One of the intervals, or open
places, between the lines of the staff.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Absolute space</col>, <col>Euclidian
space</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Absolute</er>,
<er>Euclidian</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Space line</col>
<fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a thin piece of metal used by printers
to open the lines of type to a regular distance from each other,
and for other purposes; a lead.</cd> <au>Hansard.</au> --
<col>Space rule</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a fine, thin,
short metal rule of the same height as the type, used in printing
short lines in tabular matter.</cd></cs>
<hw>Space</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>espacier</ets>, L. <ets>spatiari</ets>. See <er>Space</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To walk; to rove; to roam.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>And loved in forests wild to <qex>space</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Space</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spaced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spacong</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>espacer</ets>. See <er>Space</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To arrange or adjust the spaces in or
between; <as>as, to <ex>space</ex> words, lines, or
letters</as>.</def>
<hw>Space"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wide;
extensive.</def>
<au>Sandys.</au>
<hw>Space"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without space.</def>
<au>Coleridge.</au>
<hw>Spa"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spatial</er>.</def>
<hw>Spa"cial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spatially</er>.</def>
<au>Sir W,Hamilton.</au>
<hw>Spa"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spatiousus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>spacieux</ets>. See
<er>Space</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Extending
far and wide; vast in extent.</def> \'bdA <xex>spacious</xex>
plain outstretched in circuit wide.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inclosing an extended space; having large or
ample room; not contracted or narrow; capacious; roomy; <as>as,
<ex>spacious</ex> bounds; a <ex>spacious</ex> church; a
<ex>spacious</ex> hall.</as></def> --
<wordforms><wf>Spa"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Spa"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>\'d8Spa`das`sin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,
fr. It. <ets>spadaccino</ets> a swordsman, from <ets>spada</ets>
a sword.]</ety> <def>A bravo; a bully; a duelist.</def>
<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>
<hw>Spad"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little
spade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Spay</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hart or stag three years old.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>spaid</asp>,
<asp>spayade</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>spado</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
castrated man or beast.</def>
<hw>Spade</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>sp\'91d</ets>;
<ets>spada</ets>; akin to D. <ets>spade</ets>, G.
<ets>spaten</ets>, Icel. <ets>spa<edh/i</ets>, Dan. & Sw.
<ets>spade</ets>, L. <ets>spatha</ets> a spatula, a broad
two-edged sword, a spathe, Gr. <grk>spa`qh</grk>. Cf.
<er>Epaulet</er>, <er>Spade</er> at cards, <er>Spathe</er>,
<er>Spatula</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An implement for
digging or cutting the ground, consisting usually of an oblong
and nearly rectangular blade of iron, with a handle like that of
a shovel.</def> \'bdWith <xex>spade</xex> and pickax armed.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Sp. <ets>espada</ets>, literally, a sword; --
so caused because these cards among the Spanish bear the figure
of a sword. Sp. <ets>espada</ets> is fr. L. <ets>spatha</ets>,
Gr. <grk>spa`qh</grk>. See the Etymology above.]</ety> <def>One
of that suit of cards each of which bears one or more figures
resembling a spade.</def>
<q>\'bdLet <qex>spades</qex> be trumps!\'b8 she said.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A cutting instrument used in flensing a
whale.</def>
<cs><col>Spade bayonet</col>, <cd>a bayonet with a broad blade
which may be used digging; -- called also <altname>trowel
bayonet</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Spade handle</col>
<fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the forked end of a connecting rod in
which a pin is held at both ends. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<cref>Knuckle joint</cref>, under <er>Knuckle</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1377 -->
<hw>Spade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spaded</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Spading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dig with a
spade; to pare off the sward of, as land, with a spade.</def>
<hw>Spade"bone`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Shoulder
blade</def>. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spade"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American market fish
(<spn>Ch\'91todipterus faber</spn>) common on the southern
coasts; -- called also <altname>angel fish</altname>,
<altname>moonfish</altname>, and <altname>porgy</altname>.</def>
<hw>Spade"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of burrowing toads of the
genus <spn>Scaphiopus</spn>, esp. <spn>S. Holbrookii</spn>, of
the Eastern United States; -- called also <altname>spade
toad</altname>.</def>
<hw>Spade"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spadefuls</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Spade</ets> +
<ets>full</ets>.]</ety> <def>As much as a spade will hold or
lift.</def>
<hw>Spad"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, spades; specifically, a digging machine.</def>
<hw>Spa*di"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spadix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a date-brown or nut-brown
color. See <er>Spadix</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of a bright
clear brown or chestnut color.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing flowers on a spadix;
of the nature of a spadix.</def>
<hw>Spa"di*cose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Spadiceous.</def>
<hw>Spa*dille"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. Sp.
<ets>espadilla</ets>, dim. of <ets>espada</ets>. See
<er>Spade</er> a card.]</ety> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>The
ace of spades in omber and quadrille.</def>
<hw>Spa"dix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>Spadices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Spadixes</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a palm branch broken off, with its
fruit, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
fleshy spike of flowers, usually inclosed in a leaf called a
<xex>spathe</xex>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A special organ of the
nautilus, due to a modification of the posterior tentacles.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spa"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spadones</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Spade</er>, 2.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An impotent person.</def>
<hw>Spa*droon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. &
Sp. <ets>espadon</ets>, It. <ets>spadone</ets>. See
<er>Espadon</er>, <er>Spade</er>.]</ety> <def>A sword, especially
a broadsword, formerly used both to cut and thrust.</def>
<hw>Spae</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spaed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Spaeing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Scot. <ets>spae</ets>, <ets>spay</ets>, to foretell, to
divine, Icel. <ets>sp\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>To foretell; to
divine.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Spae"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A prophet; a
diviner.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Spae"wife`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female
fortune teller.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Spa*ghet"ti</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A variety or macaroni made in tubes of
small diameter.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spa*gyr"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spa*gyr"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>sparygicus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ to draw, to separate + <?/ to
assemble; cf. F. <ets>spagirique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Chemical;
alchemical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spa*gyr"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A spagyrist.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Spag"y*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>spagiriste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chemist, esp.
one devoted to alchemistic pursuits.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of a sect which arose in the days of
alchemy, who sought to discover remedies for disease by chemical
means. The spagyrists historically preceded the
iatrochemists.</def>
<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Spa"hi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Spa"hee</hw>
}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per., Turk., & Hind.
<ets>sip\'beh\'c6</ets>: cf. F. <ets>spahi</ets>. See
<er>Seroy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Formerly, one of the
Turkish cavalry.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An Algerian cavalryman in the French army.</def>
<hw>Spaid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See 1st
<er>Spade</er>.</def>
<hw>Spake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>archaic</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Speak</er>.</def>
<hw>Spake"net`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>A net for catching crabs.</def>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Spak"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Specky.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>hapman.</au>
<hw>Spald"ing knife`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A spalting
knife.</def>
<hw>Spale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Spell</er> a splinter.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lath; a
shaving or chip, as of wood or stone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A strengthening cross
timber.</def>
<hw>Spall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>espaule</ets>; cf. It. <ets>spalla</ets>. See
<er>Epaule</er>.]</ety> <def>The shoulder.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Spall</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>spall</ets>,
<ets>spell</ets>. See <er>Spale</er>, <er>Spell</er> a
splinter.]</ety> <def>A chip or fragment, especially a chip of
stone as struck off the block by the hammer, having at least one
feather-edge.</def>
<hw>Spall</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld>
<def>To break into small pieces, as ore, for the purpose of
separating from rock.</def>
<au>Pryce.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To reduce, as irregular
blocks of stone, to an approximately level surface by
hammering.</def>
<hw>Spall</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To give off spalls, or
wedge-shaped chips; -- said of stone, as when badly set, with the
weight thrown too much on the outer surface.</def>
<hw>Spal"peen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir.
<ets>spailpin</ets>, fr. <ets>spailp</ets> a beau, pride,
self-conceit.]</ety> <def>A scamp; an Irish term for a
good-for-nothing fellow; -- often used in good-humored contempt
or ridicule.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Spalt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>spalt</ets>stein, from <ets>spalten</ets> to split. See 1st
<er>Spell</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Spelter.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Spalt</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See 1st
<er>Spell</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Liable to break or split;
brittle; <as>as, <ex>spalt</ex> timber</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Heedless; clumsy; pert; saucy.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spalt</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.
<ets>spalden</ets>. See <er>Spalt</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<def>To split off; to cleave off, as chips from a piece of
timber, with an ax.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Spalt"ing knife`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A knife used in
splitting codfish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>spalding
knife</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Span</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>archaic</mark> <def><pos>imp. &
p. p.</pos> of <er>Spin</er>.</def>
<hw>Span</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>spann</ets>; akin to
D. <ets>span</ets>, OHG. <ets>spanna</ets>, G. <ets>spanne</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sp\'94nn</ets>. <root/170. See <er>Span</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The space from the thumb to the
end of the little finger when extended; nine inches; eighth of a
fathom.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a small space or a brief portion of
time.</def>
<q>Yet not to earth's contracted <qex>span</qex>
Thy goodness let me bound.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>Life's but a <qex>span</qex>; I'll every inch enjoy.</q>
<qau>Farquhar.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The spread or extent of an arch between its
abutments, or of a beam, girder, truss, roof, bridge, or the
like, between its supports.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope having its ends made
fast so that a purchase can be hooked to the bight; also, a rope
made fast in the center so that both ends can be used.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>span</ets>, Sw. <ets>spann</ets>,
Dan. <ets>sp\'91nd</ets>, G. <ets>gespann</ets>. See
<er>Span</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <def>A pair of horses or
other animals driven together; usually, such a pair of horses
when similar in color, form, and action.</def>
<cs><col>Span blocks</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>blocks at the
topmast and topgallant-mast heads, for the studding-sail
halyards.</cd> -- <col>Span counter</col>, <cd>an old English
child's game, in which one throws a counter on the ground, and
another tries to hit it with his counter, or to get his counter
so near it that he can span the space between them, and touch
both the counters.</cd> <au>Halliwell.</au> \'bdHenry V., in
whose time boys went to <xex>span counter</xex> for French
crowns.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> -- <col>Span iron</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a special kind of harpoon, usually
secured just below the gunwale of a whaleboat.</cd> -- <col>Span
roof</col>, <cd>a common roof, having two slopes and one ridge,
with eaves on both sides.</cd> <au>Gwilt.</au> -- <col>Span
shackle</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a large bolt driven through
the forecastle deck, with a triangular shackle in the head to
receive the heel of the old-fashioned fish davit.</cd> <au>Ham.
Nav. Encyc.</au></cs>
<hw>Span</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spanned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spanning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>pannan</ets>; akin
to D. & G. <ets>spannen</ets>, OHG. <ets>spannan</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sp\'84nna</ets>, Dan. <ets>sp\'91nde</ets>, Icel.
<ets>spenna</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/ to draw, to drag, L.
<ets>spatium</ets> space. <root/170. Cf. <er>Spin</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>, <er>Space</er>, <er>Spasm</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To measure by the span of the hand with the fingers
extended, or with the fingers encompassing the object; <as>as, to
<ex>span</ex> a space or distance; to <ex>span</ex> a
cylinder.</as></def>
<q>My right hand hath <qex>spanned</qex> the heavens.</q>
<qau>Isa. xiviii. 13.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reach from one side of to the order; to
stretch over as an arch.</def>
<q>The rivers were <qex>spanned</qex> by arches of solid
masonry.</q>
<qau>prescott.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fetter, as a horse; to hobble.</def>
<hw>Span</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be matched, as
horses.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Spa*n\'91"mi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ scarce + <?/ blood.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of impoverishment of the
blood; a morbid state in which the red corpuscles, or other
important elements of the blood, are deficient.</def>
<-- [Obs.] this and next word not in Stedman's. Presumably
succeded by anaemia, which is in this dictionary. Why no
cross-ref? -->
<hw>Spa*n\'91"mic</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to span\'91mia; having
impoverished blood.</def>
<hw>Span"cel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perhaps
<ets>span</ets> + AS. <ets>s\'bel</ets> a rope.]</ety> <def>A
rope used for tying or hobbling the legs of a horse or cow.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]</mark>
<-- different usage in White's "Once and future king" -->
<au>Grose.</au>
<hw>Span"cel</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spanceled</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Spancelled</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Spanceling</er> <or/
<er>Spancelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To tie or hobble with a
spancel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]</mark>
<au>Malone.</au>
<-- Spandex. An elastic textile material, used for clothing -->
<hw>Span"dogs`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>A pair
of grappling dogs for hoisting logs and timber.</def>
<hw>Span"drel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Span</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The
irregular triangular space between the curve of an arch and the
inclosing right angle; or the space between the outer moldings of
two contiguous arches and a horizontal line above them, or
another arch above and inclosing them.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A narrow mat or passe partout for a
picture.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>
<hw>Spane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Akin to G.
<ets>sp\'84nen</ets>, LG. & D. <ets>spennen</ets>, AS.
<ets>spanu</ets> a teat.]</ety> <def>To wean.</def> <mark>[Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
spangle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spang</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To spring; to bound; to
leap.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<q>But when they <qex>spang</qex> o'er reason's fence,
We smart for't at our own expense.</q>
<qau>Ramsay.</qau>
<hw>Spang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bound or spring.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Spang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>spange</ets> a clasp
or fastening; akin to D. <ets>spang</ets>, G. <ets>spange</ets>,
OHG. <ets>spanga</ets>, Icel. <ets>sp\'94ng</ets> a
spangle.]</ety> <def>A spangle or shining ornament.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>With glittering <qex>spangs</qex> that did like stars
appear.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Span"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>spangel</ets>, dim. of AS. <ets>spange</ets>. See
<er>Spang</er> a spangle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small plate
or boss of shining metal; something brilliant used as an
ornament, especially when stitched on the dress.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively, any little thing that
sparkless.</def> \'bdThe rich <xex>spangles</xex> that adorn the
sky.\'b8
<au>Waller.</au>
<cs><col>Oak spangle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Oak</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Span"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spangled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Spangling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
set or sprinkle with, or as with, spangles; to adorn with small,
distinct, brilliant bodies; <as>as, a <ex>spangled</ex>
breastplate</as>.</def>
<au>Donne.</au>
<q>What stars do <qex>spangle</qex> heaven with such beauty?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>Spangled coquette</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
tropical humming bird (<spn>Lophornis regin\'91</spn>). See
<er>Coquette</er>, 2.</cd></cs>
<hw>Span"gle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To show brilliant spots
or points; to glisten; to glitter.</def>
<q>Some men by feigning words as dark as mine
Make truth to <qex>spangle</qex>, and its rays to shine.</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<hw>Span"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, spangles.</def>
<hw>Span"gly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling, or
consisting of, spangles; glittering; <as>as, <ex>spangly</ex>
light</as>.</def>
<hw>Span"iard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or
inhabitant of Spain.</def>
<hw>Span"iel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>espagneul</ets>, F. <ets>\'82pagneul</ets>,
<ets>espagnol</ets> Spanish, Sp. <ets>espa\'a4nol</ets>, fr.
<ets>Espa\'a4a</ets> Spain, from L. <ets>Hispania</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a breed of small
dogs having long and thick hair and large drooping ears. The legs
are usually strongly feathered, and the tail bushy. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Clumber</er>, and
<er>Cocker</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ There are several varieties of spaniels, some of
which, known as <xex>field spaniels</xex>, are used in hunting;
others are used for toy or pet dogs, as the Blenheim spaniel, and
the King Charles spaniel (see under <er>Blenheim</er>). Of the
field spaniels, the larger kinds are called <xex>springers</xex>,
and to these belong the Sussex, Norfolk, and Clumber spaniels
(see <er>Clumber</er>). The smaller field spaniels, used in
hunting woodcock, are called <xex>cocker spaniels</xex> (see
Cocker). Field spaniels are remarkable for their activity and
intelligence.</note>
<q>As a <qex>spaniel</qex> she will on him leap.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cringing, fawning person.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Span"iel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cringing;
fawning.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Span"iel</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fawn; to cringe; to
be obsequious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Churchill.</au>
<hw>Span"iel</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To follow like a
spaniel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Span"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Spain or the Spaniards.</def>
<cs><col>Spanish bayonet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
liliaceous plant (<spn>Yucca alorifolia</spn>) with rigid
spine-tipped leaves. The name is also applied to other similar
plants of the Southwestern United States and mexico. Called also
<altname>Spanish daggers</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Spanish
bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See the Note under
<er>Bean</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spanish black</col>, <cd>a black
pigment obtained by charring cork.</cd> <au>Ure.</au> --
<col>Spanish broom</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leguminous
shrub (<spn>Spartium junceum</spn>) having many green flexible
rushlike twigs.</cd> -- <col>Spanish brown</col>, <cd>a species
of earth used in painting, having a dark reddish brown color, due
to the presence of sesquioxide of iron.</cd> -- <col>Spanish
buckeye</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small tree (<spn>Ungnadia
speciosa</spn>) of Texas, New Mexico, etc., related to the
buckeye, but having pinnate leaves and a three-seeded fruit.</cd>
-- <col>Spanish burton</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a purchase
composed of two single blocks. A <xex>double Spanish burton</xex>
has one double and two single blocks.</cd> <au>Luce (Textbook of
Seamanship).</au> -- <col>Spanish chalk</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>,
<cd>a kind of steatite; -- so called because obtained from Aragon
in Spain.</cd> -- <col>Spanish cress</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a cruciferous plant (<spn>lepidium Cadamines</spn>), a
species of peppergrass.</cd> -- <col>Spanish curiew</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the long-billed curlew.</cd>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Spanish daggers</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Spanish bayonet</cref>.</cd> --
<col>Spanish elm</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a large West Indian
tree (<spn>Cordia Gerascanthus</spn>) furnishing hard and useful
timber.</cd> -- <col>Spanish feretto</col>, <cd>a rich reddish
brown pigment obtained by calcining copper and sulphur together
in closed crucibles.</cd> -- <col>Spanish flag</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the California rockfish
(<spn>Sebastichthys rubrivinctus</spn>). It is conspicuously
colored with bands of red and white.</cd> -- <col>Spanish
fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a brilliant green beetle,
common in the south of Europe, used for raising blisters. See
<cref>Blister beetle</cref> under <er>Blister</er>, and
<er>Cantharis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spanish fox</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a yarn twisted against its lay.</cd> --
<col>Spanish grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Esparto</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spanish juice</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>licorice.</cd> -- <col>Spanish
leather</col>. <cd>See <er>Cordwain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spanish
mackerel</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A species
of mackerel (<spn>Scomber colias</spn>) found both in Europe and
America. In America called <altname>chub mackerel</altname>,
<altname>big-eyed mackerel</altname>, and <altname>bull
mackerel</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In the United States, a
handsome mackerel having bright yellow round spots
(<spn>Scomberomorus maculatus</spn>), highly esteemed as a food
fish. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to other species.
See <xex>Illust</xex>. under Mackerel.</cd> -- <col>Spanish
main</col>, <cd>the name formerly given to the southern portion
of the Caribbean Sea, together with the contiguous coast,
embracing the route traversed by Spanish treasure ships from the
New to the Old World.</cd> -- <col>Spanish moss</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Tillandsia</er>.</cd> --
<col>Spanish needles</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a composite
weed (<spn>Bidens bipinnata</spn>) having achenia armed with
needlelike awns.</cd> -- <col>Spanish nut</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a bulbous plant (<spn>Iris
Sisyrinchium</spn>) of the south of Europe.</cd> -- <col>Spanish
potato</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the sweet potato. See under
<er>Potato</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spanish red</col>, <cd>an ocherous
red pigment resembling Venetian red, but slightly yellower and
warmer. <au>Fairholt.</au> -- <col>Spanish reef</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a knot tied in the head of a jib-headed
sail.</cd> -- <col>Spanish sheep</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>a merino.</cd> -- <col>Spanish white</col>, <cd>an impalpable
powder prepared from chalk by pulverizing and repeated washings,
-- used as a white pigment.</cd> -- <col>Spanish windlass</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a wooden roller, with a rope wound about
it, into which a marline spike is thrust to serve as a
lever.</cd></cs>
<hw>Span"ish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The language of
Spain.</def>
<hw>Spank</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spanked</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spanking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of unknown origin; cf. LG.
<ets>spakken</ets>, <ets>spenkern</ets>, to run and spring about
quickly.]</ety> <def>To strike, as the breech, with the open
hand; to slap.
<hw>Spank</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A blow with the open hand; a
slap.</def>
<hw>Spank</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To move with a quick,
lively step between a trot and gallop; to move quickly.</def>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Spank"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who spanks, or anything used as an instrument for
spanking.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The after sail of a ship or
bark, being a fore-and-aft sail attached to a boom and gaff; --
sometimes called <altname>driver</altname>. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Sail</er>.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who takes long, quick strides in walking;
also, a fast horse.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Something very large, or larger than common; a
whopper, as a stout or tall person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<cs><col>Spanker boom</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a boom to
which a spanker sail is attached. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<er>Ship</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spank"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small coin.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spank"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moving with a
quick, lively pace, or capable of so doing; dashing.</def>
<q>Four <qex>spanking</qex> grays ready harnessed.</q>
<qau>G. Colman, the Younger.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Large; considerable.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Spanking breeze</hw> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <def>a strong
breeze.</def>
<hw>Span"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Incapable of
being spanned.</def>
<hw>Span"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, spans.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The lock of a fusee or carbine; also, the fusee
or carbine itself.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An iron instrument having a jaw to fit a nut or
the head of a bolt, and used as a lever to turn it with; a
wrench; specifically, a wrench for unscrewing or tightening the
couplings of hose.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A contrivance in some of the
ealier steam engines for moving the valves for the alternate
admission and shutting off of the steam.</def>
<hw>Span"-new`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>sp\'benn<?/r</ets>, properly, new as a ship just split;
<ets>sp\'benn</ets> chip + <ets>n<?/r</ets> new. See
<er>Spoon</er>, and <er>New</er>.]</ety> <def>Quite new;
brand-new; fire-new.</def> \'bdA <xex>span-new</xex> archbishop's
chair.\'b8
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Span"nish*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From OF.
<ets>espanir</ets> to spread, F. <ets>\'82panou<?/</ets>. See
<er>Expand</er>.]</ety> <def>The full blooming of a flower.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Rom. of R.</au>
<hw>Span"piece</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The collar of a roof; sparpiece.</def>
<hw>Span"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of any geometrid moth, as
the cankeworm; a geometer; a measuring worm.</def>
<-- p. 1378 -->
<hw>Spar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sp\'91r</ets> in <ets>sp\'91rst\'ben</ets> chalkstone; akin
to MHG. <ets>spar</ets>, G. <ets>spar</ets>kalk plaster.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An old name for a nonmetallic mineral,
usually cleavable and somewhat lustrous; <as>as, calc
<ex>spar</ex>, or calcite, fluor <ex>spar</ex>, etc.</as> It was
especially used in the case of the gangue minerals of a
metalliferous vein.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Blue spar</col>, <col>Cube spar</col></mcol>,
<cd>etc. See under <er>Blue</er>, <er>Cube</er>, etc.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sparre</ets>; akin to
D. <ets>spar</ets>, G. <ets>sparren</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sparro</ets>, Dan.& Sw. <ets>sparre</ets>, Icel.
<ets>sparri</ets>; of uncertain origin. <?/ 171. Cf.
<er>Spar</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A general term any round piece of timber
used as a mast, yard, boom, or gaff.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Formerly, a piece of timber,
in a general sense; -- still applied locally to rafters.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The bar of a gate or door.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<cs><col>Spar buoy</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a buoy anchored
by one end so that the other end rises above the surface of the
water.</cd> -- <col>Spar deck</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the
upper deck of a vessel; especially, in a frigate, the deck which
is continued in a straight line from the quarter-deck to the
forecastle, and on which spare spars are usually placed. See
under <er>Deck</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spar torpedo</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a torpedo carried on the end of a spar
usually projecting from the bow of a vessel, and intended to
explode upon contact with an enemy's ships.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spar</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sparren</ets>, AS.
<ets>sparrian</ets>; akin to G. <ets>sperren</ets>, Icel.
<ets>sperra</ets>; from the noun. <root/171. See <er>Spara</er>
beam, bar.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bolt; to bar.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To To supply or equip with spars, as a
vessel.</def>
<note><hand/ A vessel equipped with spars that are too large or
too small is said to be <xex>oversparred</xex> or
<xex>undersparred</xex>.</note>
<hw>Spar</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sparred</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sparring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of uncertain
origin; cf. OF. <ets>esparer</ets> to kick, F.
<ets>\'82parer</ets>, or Icel. <ets>sperra</ets> to stretch out
the legs, to struggle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike with the
feet or spurs, as cocks do.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To use the fists and arms scientifically in
attack or defense; to contend or combat with the fists, as for
exercise or amusement; to box.</def>
<q>Made believe to <qex>spar</qex> at Paul with great
science.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To contest in words; to wrangle.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<-- sparring partner, (Boxing) one who spars with a boxer as an
opponent for training purposes. -->
<hw>Spar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A contest at
sparring or boxing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A movement of offense or defense in
boxing.</def>
<hw>Spar"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted
from <ets>sparrow bill</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of small nail
used by shoemakers.</def>
<hw>Spar"a*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small California surf fish
(<spn>Micrometrus aggregatus</spn>); -- called also
<altname>shiner</altname>.</def>
<hw>Spar"a*drap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sparadrap</ets>; cf. It. <ets>sparadrappo</ets>, NL.
<ets>sparadrapa</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cerecloth.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any adhesive plaster.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spar"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <hw>Spar"a*gus</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spar"a*grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>Obs. or corrupt forms of
<er>Asparagus</er>.</def>
<hw>Spar"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>esparpiller</ets> to scatter, F.
<ets>\'82parpiller</ets>.]</ety> <def>To scatter; to disperse; to
rout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The king's host was <qex>sparbled</qex> and chased.</q>
<qau>Fabyan.</qau>
<hw>Spare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.n</pos> <er>Sparing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[AS. <ets>sparian</ets>, fr. <ets>sp\'91r</ets> spare,
sparing, saving; akin to D. & G. <ets>sparen</ets>, OHG.
<ets>spar<?/n</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>spara</ets>, Dan.
<ets>spare</ets> See <er>Spare</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To use frugally or stintingly, as that which is
scarce or valuable; to retain or keep unused; to save.</def>
\'bdNo cost would he <xex>spare</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>[Thou] thy Father's dreadful thunder didst not
<qex>spare</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>He that hath knowledge, <qex>spareth</qex> his words.</q>
<qau>Prov. xvii. 27.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To keep to one's self; to forbear to impart or
give.</def>
<q>Be pleased your plitics to <qex>spare</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q><qex>Spare</qex> my sight the pain
Of seeing what a world of tears it costs you.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To preserve from danger or punishment; to
forbear to punish, injure, or harm; to show mercy to.</def>
<q><qex>Spare</qex> us, good Lord.</q>
<qau>Book of Common Prayer.</qau>
<q>Dim sadness did not <qex>spare</qex>
That time celestial visages.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Man alone can whom he conquers <qex>spare</qex>.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To save or gain, as by frugality; to reserve, as
from some occupation, use, or duty.</def>
<q>All the time he could <qex>spare</qex> from the necessary
cares of his weighty charge, he <?/estowed on . . . serving of
God.</q>
<qau>Knolles.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To deprive one's self of, as by being frugal; to
do without; to dispense with; to give up; to part with.</def>
<q>Where angry Jove did never <qex>spare</qex>
One breath of kind and temperate air.</q>
<qau>Roscommon.</qau>
<q>I could have better <qex>spared</qex> a better man.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>To spare one's self</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To act with
reserve</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>
<q>Her thought that a lady should <qex>her spare</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To save one's self labor, punishment, or
blame.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
be frugal; not to be profuse; to live frugally; to be
parsimonious.</def>
<q>I, who at some times spend, at others <qex>spare</qex>,
Divided between carelessness and care.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To refrain from inflicting harm; to use mercy or
forbearance.</def>
<q>He will not <qex>spare</qex> in the day of vengeance.</q>
<qau>Prov. vi. 34.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To desist; to stop; to refrain.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Spare</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Sparer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Sparest</er>; -- not used in all the senses of the
word.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>sp\'91r</ets> sparing. Cf.
<er>Spare</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Scanty;
not abundant or plentiful; <as>as, a <ex>spare</ex>
diet</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; chary.</def>
<q>He was <qex>spare</qex>, but discreet of speech.</q>
<qau>Carew.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Being over and above what is necessary, or what
must be used or reserved; not wanted, or not used; superfluous;
<as>as, I have no <ex>spare</ex> time</as>.</def>
<q>If that no <qex>spare</qex> clothes he had to give.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Held in reserve, to be used in an emergency;
<as>as, a <ex>spare</ex> anchor; a <ex>spare</ex> bed or
room.</as></def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Lean; wanting flesh; meager; thin; gaunt.</def>
<q>O, give me the <qex>spare</qex> men, and spare me the great
ones.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Slow.</def> <mark>[Obs. or prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Grose.</au>
<hw>Spare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act of sparing; moderation; restraint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Killing for sacrifice, without any <qex>spare</qex>.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Parsimony; frugal use.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<q>Poured out their plenty without spite or <qex>spare</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An opening in a petticoat or gown; a
placket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which has not been used or expended.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Tenpins)</fld> <def>The right of bowling again
at a full set of pins, after having knocked all the pins down in
less than three bowls. If all the pins are knocked down in one
bowl it is a <xex>double spare</xex>; in two bowls, a <xex>single
spare</xex>.</def>
<-- different terminology now -->
<hw>Spare"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sparing;
chary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fairfax.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spare"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<hw>Spare"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a spare manner;
sparingly.</def>
<hw>Spare"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unsparing.</def>
<au>Sylvester.</au>
<hw>Spare"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>sp\'91rnis</ets> frugality.]</ety> <def>The quality or state
of being lean or thin; leanness.</def>
<hw>Spar"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
spares.</def>
<hw>Spare"rib`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spare</ets>, a. + <ets>rib</ets>.]</ety> <def>A piece
of pork, consisting or ribs with little flesh on them.</def>
<hw>Sparge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spargere</ets>; cf. F. <ets>asperger</ets>.]</ety> <def>To
sprinkle; to moisten by sprinkling; <as>as, to <ex>sparge</ex>
paper</as>.</def>
<hw>Spar`ge*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spargere</ets> to strew + <ets>facere</ets>,
<ets>factum</ets>, to make.]</ety> <def>The act of
sprinkling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Spar"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>asperger</ets> to sprinkle, L. <ets>aspergere</ets>,
<ets>spargere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vessel with a perforated
cover, for sprinkling with a liquid; a sprinkler.</def>
<-- 2. A tube with a perforated or fritted end, to pass gases as
small bubbles through a liquid. -->
<hw>Spar"hawk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sperhauke</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
sparrow hawk.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spar"-hung`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hung with
spar, as a cave.</def>
<hw>Spar"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Spare; saving;
frugal; merciful.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spar"ing*ly</wf>, adv. --
<wf>Spar"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sparke</ets>, AS. <ets>spearca</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>spark</ets>, <ets>sperk</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>spraka</ets>
to crackle, Lith. <ets>sprag\'89ti</ets>, Gr. <?/ a bursting with
a noise, Skr. <ets>sph<?/rj</ets> to crackle, to thunder. Cf.
<er>Speak</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small particle of fire
or ignited substance which is emitted by a body in
combustion.</def>
<q>Man is born unto trouble, as hte <qex>sparks</qex> fly
upward.</q>
<qau>Job v. 7.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small, shining body, or transient light; a
sparkle.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which, like a spark, may be kindled into a
flame, or into action; a feeble germ; an elementary
principle.</def> \'bdIf any <xex>spark</xex> of life be yet
remaining.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> \'bdSmall intellectual
<xex>spark</xex>.\'b8 <au>Macaulay.</au> \'bdVital
<xex>spark</xex> of heavenly flame.\'b8 <au>Pope.</au>
<q>We have here and there a little clear light, some <qex>sparks
of bright knowledge</qex>.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<q>Bright gem instinct with music, vocal <qex>spark</qex>.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<cs><col>Spark arrester</col>, <cd>a contrivance to prevent the
escape of sparks while it allows the passage of gas, -- chiefly
used in the smokestack of a wood-burning locomotive. Called also
<altname>spark consumer</altname>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>
<hw>Spark</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>sparkr</ets>
lively, sprightly.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A brisk, showy, gay
man.</def>
<q>The finest <qex>sparks</qex> and cleanest beaux.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lover; a gallant; a beau.</def>
<hw>Spark</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To sparkle.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Spark</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the spark, beau, or
lover.</def>
<q>A sure sign that his master was courting, or, as it is termed,
<qex>sparking</qex>, within.</q>
<qau>W. Irwing.</qau>
<hw>Spark"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A spark
arrester.</def>
<hw>Spark"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lively;
brisk; gay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdOur <xex>sparkful</xex>
youth.\'b8
<au>Camden.</au>
<hw>Spark"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Like a spark;
airy; gay.</def>
<au>W. Walsh.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Showy; well-dresed; fine.</def>
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<hw>Spar"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of
<ets>spark</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A little spark; a
scintillation.</def>
<q>As fire is wont to quicken and go
From a <qex>sparkle</qex> sprungen amiss,
Till a city brent up is.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The shock was sufficiently strong to strike out some
<qex>sparkles</qex> of his fiery temper.</q>
<qau>Prescott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Brilliancy; luster; <as>as, the <ex>sparkle</ex>
of a diamond</as>.</def>
<hw>Spar"kle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sparkled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sparkling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Sparkle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, Spark of fire.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit sparks; to throw off ignited or
incandescent particles; to shine as if throwing off sparks; to
emit flashes of light; to scintillate; to twinkle; <as>as, the
blazing wood <ex>sparkles</ex>; the stars
<ex>sparkle</ex></as>.</def>
<q>A mantelet upon his shoulder hanging
Bretful of rubies red, as fire <qex>sparkling</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To manifest itself by, or as if by, emitting
sparks; to glisten; to flash.</def>
<q>I see bright honor <qex>sparkle</qex> through your eyes.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To emit little bubbles, as certain kinds of
liquors; to effervesce; <as>as, <ex>sparkling</ex>
wine</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To shine; glisten; scintillate; radiate; coruscate;
glitter; twinkle.</syn>
<hw>Spar"kle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To emit in the form or
likeness of sparks.</def> \'bdDid <xex>sparkle</xex> forth great
light.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Spar"kle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Sparble</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To disperse.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The Landgrave hath <qex>sparkled</qex> his army without any
further enterprise.</q>
<qau>State Papers.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To scatter on or over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Purchas.</au>
<hw>Spar"kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
scatters; esp., one who scatters money; an improvident
person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spar"kler</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which,
sparkles.</def>
<hw>Spar"kler</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
tiger beetle.</def>
<hw>Spark"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small
spark.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spark"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Vivacity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Aubrey.</au>
<hw>Spar"kling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Emitting
sparks; glittering; flashing; brilliant; lively; <as>as,
<ex>sparkling</ex> wine; <ex>sparkling</ex> eyes.</as></def> --
<wordforms><wf>Spar"kling*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Spar"kling*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<syn>Syn. -- Brilliant; shining. See <er>Shining</er>.</syn>
<hw>Spar"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to G.
<ets>spierling</ets>, <ets>spiering</ets>, D.
<ets>spiering</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82perlan</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European smelt
(<spn>Osmerus eperlanus</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A young
salmon.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A tern.</def> <mark>[Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spar"lyre`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>spear-lira</ets>.]</ety> <def>The calf of the leg.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif (Deut. xxviii. 35).</au>
<hw>Spa"roid</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sparus</ets> the gilthead + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sparo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>of or
pertaining to the <spn>Sparid\'91</spn>, a family of
spinous-finned fishes which includes the scup, sheepshead, and
sea bream.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
<spn>Sparid\'91</spn>.</def></def2>
<hw>Spar"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The collar beam of a roof; the
spanpiece.</def>
<au>Gwilt.</au>
<hw>Spar"poil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sparble</er>.]</ety> <def>To scatter; to spread; to
disperse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spar"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sparwe</ets>, AS. <ets>spearwa</ets>; akin to OHG.
<ets>sparo</ets>, G. <ets>sper</ets>ling, Icel.
<ets>sp\'94rr</ets>, Dan. <ets>spurv</ets>, <ets>spurre</ets>,
Sw. <ets>sparf</ets>, Goth. <ets>sparwa</ets>; -- originally,
probably, the quiverer or flutterer, and akin to E.
<ets>spurn</ets>. See <er>Spurn</er>, and cf.
<er>Spavin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>One of many species of small singing birds of the family
<spn>Fringillig\'91</spn>, having conical bills, and feeding
chiefly on seeds. Many sparrows are called also
<stype>finches</stype>, and <stype>buntings</stype>. The common
sparrow, or house sparrow, of Europe (<spn>Passer
domesticus</spn>) is noted for its familiarity, its voracity, its
attachment to its young, and its fecundity. See <cref>House
sparrow</cref>, under <er>House</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ The following American species are well known; the
<stype>chipping sparrow</stype>, or <stype>chippy</stype>, the
<stype>sage sparrow</stype>, the <stype>savanna sparrow</stype>,
the <stype>song sparrow</stype>, the <stype>tree sparrow</stype>,
and the <stype>white-throated sparrow</stype> (see <er>Peabody
bird</er>). See these terms under <er>Sage</er>,
<er>Savanna</er>, etc.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several small
singing birds somewhat resembling the true sparrows in form or
habits, as the European hedge sparrow. See under
<er>Hedge</er>.</def>
<q>He that doth the ravens feed,
Yea, providently caters for the <qex>sparrow</qex>,
Be comfort to my age!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>Field sparrow</col>, <col>Fox sparrow</col>,
etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Field</er>, <er>Fox</er>, etc.</cd>
-- <col>Sparrow bill</col>, <cd>a small nail; a castiron shoe
nail; a sparable.</cd> -- <col>Sparrow hawk</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small European hawk
(<spn>Accipiter nisus</spn>) or any of the allied species.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small American falcon (<spn>Falco
sparverius</spn>).</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The Australian collared
sparrow hawk (<spn>Accipiter torquatus</spn>).</cd> <note>The
name is applied to other small hawks, as the European kestrel and
the New Zealand quail hawk.</note> -- <col>Sparrow owl</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small owl (<spn>Glaucidium
passerinum</spn>) found both in the Old World and the New. The
name is also applied to other species of small owls.</cd> --
<col>Sparrow spear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the female of
the reed bunting.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Spar"row*grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Corrupted from <ets>asparagus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Asparagus.
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> See the Note under
<er>Asparagus</er>.</def>
<hw>Spar"row*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen shrub of the genus
<spn>Erica</spn> (<spn>E. passerina</spn>).</def>
<hw>Spar"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Spar</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling spar, or consisting of
spar; abounding with spar; having a confused crystalline
structure; spathose.</def>
<cs><col>Sparry iron</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>siderite. See
<er>Siderite</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Sparry
limestone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a coarsely crystalline
marble.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sparse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sparser</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sparsest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>sparsus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>spargere</ets> to strew,
scatter. Cf. <er>Asperse</er>, <er>Disperse</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Thinly scattered; set or planted here and there;
not being dense or close together; <as>as, a <ex>sparse</ex>
population</as>.</def>
<au>Carlyle.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Placed irregularly and
distantly; scattered; -- applied to branches, leaves, peduncles,
and the like.</def>
<hw>Sparse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>sparsus</ets>,
p.p. of <ets>spargere</ets> to scatter.]</ety> <def>To scatter;
to disperse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Spars"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Sparsely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sparse"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a scattered or sparse
manner.</def>
<hw>Sparse"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being sparse; <as>as, <ex>sparseness</ex> of
population</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spar"sim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
<ets>spargere</ets> to scatter.]</ety> <def>Sparsely;
scatteredly; here and there.</def>
<hw>Spar"tan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Spartanus</ets>.]</ety> <def>of or pertaining to Sparta,
especially to ancient Sparta; hence, hardy; undaunted; <as>as,
<ex>Spartan</ex> souls; <ex>Spartan</ex> bravey.</as></def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Sparta;
figuratively, a person of great courage and
fortitude.</def></def2>
<-- marked by avoidance of luxury or comfort; spare, simple;
marked by self-denial -->
<hw>Spar"te*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A narcotic alkaloid extracted from the
tops of the common broom (<spn>Cytisus scoparius</spn>, formerly
<spn>Spartium scoparium</spn>), as a colorless oily liquid of
aniline-like odor and very bitter taste.</def>
<hw>par"ter*ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from
Sp. <ets>esparto</ets> esparto, L. <ets>spartum</ets>, Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <def>Articles made of the blades or fiber of the
<xex>Lygeum Spartum</xex> and <xex>Stipa</xex> (or
<xex>Macrochloa</xex>) <xex>tenacissima</xex>, kinds of grass
used in Spain and other countries for making ropes, mats,
baskets, nets, and mattresses.</def>
<au>Loudon.</au>
<hw>Sparth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>spar<?/a</ets>.]</ety> <def>An Anglo-Saxon battle-ax, or
halberd.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>He hath a <qex>sparth</qex> of twenty pound of weight.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<-- p. 1379 -->
<hw>Sparve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The hedge sparrow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spar"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sparing;
parsimonious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spasm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>spasme</ets>, L. <ets>spasmus</ets>, Gr. <?/, from <?/, <?/,
to draw, to cause convulsion. Cf. <er>Span</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An involuntary
and unnatural contraction of one or more muscles or muscular
fibers.</def>
<note><hand/ Spasm are usually either <xex>clonic</xex> or
<xex>tonic</xex>. In <xex>clonic spasm</xex>, the muscles or
muscular fibers contract and relax alternately in very quick
succession. In <xex>tonic spasm</xex>, the contraction is steady
and uniform, and continues for a comparatively long time, as in
tetanus.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden, violent, and temporary effort or
emotion; <as>as, a <ex>spasm</ex> of repentance</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Cynic spasm</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Cynic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spasm of the chest</col>. <cd>See
<cref>Angina pectoris</cref>, under <er>Angina</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spas*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Spasmodic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spas"mod"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;
<?/ a convulsion + <?/ likeness: cf. F.
<ets>spasmotique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to spasm; consisting in spasm; occuring in,
or characterized by, spasms; <as>as, a <ex>spasmodic</ex>
asthma</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Soon relaxed or exhausted; convulsive;
intermittent; <as>as, <ex>spasmodic</ex> zeal or
industry</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Spasmodic croup</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an
affection of childhood characterized by a stoppage of brathing
developed suddenly and without fever, and produced by spasmodic
contraction of the vocal cords. It is sometimes fatal. Called
also <altname>laryngismus stridulus</altname>, and
<altname>childcrowing</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Spasmodic
stricture</col>, <cd>a stricture caused by muscular spasm without
structural change. See <xex>Organic stricture<xex>, under
<er>Organic</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spas*mod"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A
medicine for spasm.</def><-- = antispasmodic -->
<hw>Spas*mod"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Spasmodic</er>, <pos>a.</pos> </def>--
<wordforms><wf>Spas*mod"ic*al*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spasticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to draw: cf. F.
<ets>spastique</ets>. See <er>Spasm</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to spasm; spasmodic;
especially, pertaining to tonic spasm; tetanic.</def>
<hw>Spas"tic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Spasmodically.</def>
<hw>Spas*tic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A state of spasm.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The tendency to, or capability of suffering,
spasm.</def>
<hw>Spat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Spit</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. <or/ R.]</mark>
<hw>Spat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the root of
<ets>spit</ets>; hence, literally, that which is ejected.]</ety>
<def>A young oyster or other bivalve mollusk, both before and
after it first becomes adherent, or such young,
collectively.</def>
<hw>Spat</hw>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To emit spawn; to emit,
as spawn.</def>
<hw>Spat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pat</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A light blow with something flat.</def>
<mark>[U.S. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a petty combat, esp. a verbal one; a
little quarrel, dispute, or dissension.</def> <mark>[U.
S.]</mark>
<hw>Spat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To dispute.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Smart.</au>
<hw>Spat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spatted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spatting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To slap, as with the open
hand; to clap together; as the hands.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<q>Little Isabel leaped up and down, <qex>spatting</qex> her
hands.</q>
<qau>Judd.</qau>
<hw>Spa*tan"goid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Spatangoidea.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
Spatangoidea.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Spat`an*goi"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Spatangus</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of irregular sea urchins,
usually having a more or less heart-shaped shell with four or
five petal-like ambulacra above. The mouth is edentulous and
situated anteriorly, on the under side.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spa*tan"gus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. L. <ets>spatangius</ets> a kind of sea urchin, Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of heart-shaped
sea urchins belonging to the Spatangoidea.</def>
<hw>Spatch"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spitchcock</er>.</def>
<hw>Spate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Celtic
origin; cf. Ir. <ets>speid</ets>.]</ety> <def>A river flood; an
overflow or inundation.</def>
<au>Burns.</au>
<q>Gareth in a showerful spring
Stared at the <qex>spate</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Spa"tha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>,; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spath\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spathe.</def>
<hw>Spa*tha"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a spathe; resembling a spathe;
spathal.</def>
<hw>Spa"thal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Furnished with a spathe; <as>as, <ex>spathal</ex>
flowers</as>.</def>
<au>Howitt.</au>
<hw>Spathe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spatha</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>spathe</ets>. See
<er>Spade</er> for digging.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
special involucre formed of one leaf and inclosing a spadix, as
in aroid plants and palms. See the Note under <er>Bract</er>, and
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Spadix</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ The name is also given to the several-leaved
involucre of the iris and other similar plants.</note>
<hw>Spathed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having a spathe or calyx like a sheath.</def>
<hw>Spath"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>spathique</ets>, fr. F. & G. <ets>spath</ets> spar.]</ety>
<def>Like spar; foliated or lamellar; spathose.</def>
<cs><col>Spathic iron</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>siderite. See
<er>Siderite</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spath"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>spathiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling spar in
form.</def> \'bdThe ocherous, <xex>spathiform</xex>, and
mineralized forms of uranite.\'b8
<au>Lavoisier (Trans.).</au>
<hw>Spath"ose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Spathic</er>.</def>
<hw>Spath"ose`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Spathe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a spathe;
resembling a spathe; spatheceous; spathal.</def>
<hw>Spath"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Spathose.</def>
<hw>Spath"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spatulate</er>.</def>
<hw>Spa"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to space.</def> \'bd<xex>Spatial</xex> quantity and
relations.\'b8
<au>L. H. Atwater.</au>
<hw>Spa"tial*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>As
regards space.</def>
<hw>Spa"ti*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spatiatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>spatiari</ets>, fr.
<ets>spatiatum</ets>. See <er>Space</er>.]</ety> <def>To rove; to
ramble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Spat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spattered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spattering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From the root of
<ets>spit</ets> salvia.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sprinkle with
a liquid or with any wet substance, as water, mud, or the like;
to make wet of foul spots upon by sprinkling; <as>as, to
<ex>spatter</ex> a coat; to <ex>spatter</ex> the floor; to
<ex>spatter</ex> boots with mud</as>.</def>
<q>Upon any occasion he is to be <qex>spattered</qex> over with
the blood of his people.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To distribute by sprinkling; to sprinkle around;
<as>as, to <ex>spatter</ex> blood</as>.</def>
<au>Pope.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: To injure by aspersion; to defame; to
soil; also, to throw out in a defamatory manner.</def>
<hw>Spat"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To throw something out
of the mouth in a scattering manner; to sputter.</def>
<q>That mind must needs be irrecoverably depraved, which, . . .
tasting but once of one just deed, <qex>spatters</qex> at it, and
abhors the relish ever after.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Spat"ter*dashed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Wearing spatterdashes.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Spat"ter*dash`es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spatter</ets> + <ets>dash</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coverings
for the legs, to protect them from water and mud; long
gaiters.</def>
<hw>Spat`ter-dock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common yellow water lily (<spn>Nuphar
advena</spn>).</def>
<hw>Spat"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Spawl;
spittle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bale.</au>
<hw>Spat"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
spatula.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Pottery)</fld> <def>A tool or implement for
mottling a molded article with coloring matter</def>
<au>Knoght.</au>
<hw>Spat"tling-pop"py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Prov. E. <ets>spattle</ets> to spit + E.
<ets>poppy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of
catchfly (<spn>Silene inflata</spn>) which is sometimes frothy
from the action of captured insects.</def>
<hw>Spat"u*la</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spatula</ets>, <ets>spathula</ets>, dim. of
<ets>spatha</ets> a spatula: F. <ets>spatule</ets>. See
<er>Spade</er> for digging.]</ety> <def>An implement shaped like
a knife, flat, thin, and somewhat flexible, used for spreading
paints, fine plasters, drugs in compounding prescriptions, etc.
Cf. <cref>Palette knife</cref>, under <er>Palette</er>.</def>
<hw>Spat"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>spatulatus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Shaped
like spatula, or like a battledoor, being roundish, with a long,
narrow, linear base.</def> <altsp>[Also written
<asp>spathulate</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Spauld</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Spall</er> the shoulder.]</ety> <def>The shoulder.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Spav"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>spaveyne</ets>, OF. <ets>esparvain</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82parvin</ets>; akin to OF. <ets>espervier</ets> a sparrow
hawk, F. <ets>\'82pervier</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>sparw\'beri</ets>
(G. <ets>sperber</ets>), fr. OHG. <ets>sparo</ets> sparrow,
because this disease makes the horse raise the infirm leg in the
manner of a sparrow hawk or sparrow. See <er>Sparrow</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A disease of horses characterized by a
bony swelling developed on the hock as the result of inflammation
of the bones; also, the swelling itself. The resulting lameness
is due to the inflammation, and not the bony tumor as popularly
supposed.</def>
<au>Harbaugh.</au>
<cs><col>Bog spavin</col>, <cd>a soft swelling produced by
distention of the capsular ligament of the hock; -- called also
<altname>blood spavin</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bone spavin</col>,
<cd>spavin attended with exostosis; ordinary spavin.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spav"ined</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected with
spavin.</def>
<hw>Spaw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spa</er>.</def>
<hw>Spawl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A splinter or
fragment, as of wood or stone. See <er>Spall</er>.</def>
<hw>Spawl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>sp\'betl</ets>,
fr. <ets>sp<aemac/tan</ets> to spit; probably akin to
<ets>sp\'c6wan</ets>, E. <ets>spew</ets>. Cf.
<er>Spew</er>.]</ety> <def>Scattered or ejected spittle.</def>
<hw>Spawl</hw>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spawled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Spawling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>sp\'betlian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To scatter spittle from the
mouth; to spit, as saliva.</def>
<q>Why must he sputter, <qex>spawl</qex>, and slaver it
In vain, against the people's favorite.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Spawl"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is spawled, or
spit out.</def>
<hw>Spawn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spawned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spawning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>spanen</ets>, OF.
<ets>espandre</ets>, properly, to shed, spread, L.
<ets>expandere</ets> to spread out. See <er>Expand</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To produce or deposit (eggs), as fishes or frogs
do.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring forth; to generate; -- used in
contempt.</def>
<q>One edition [of books] <qex>spawneth</qex> another.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<hw>Spawn</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To deposit
eggs, as fish or frogs do.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To issue, as offspring; -- used
contemptuously.</def>
<hw>Spawn</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<root/170. See
<er>Spawn</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The ova,
or eggs, of fishes, oysters, and other aquatic animals.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any product or offspring; -- used
contemptuously.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>The buds or branches produced
from underground stems.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The white fibrous matter
forming the matrix from which fungi.</def>
<cs><col>Spawn eater</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small
American cyprinoid fish (<spn>Notropis Hudsonius</spn>) allied to
the dace.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spawn"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mature female fish.</def>
<q>The barbel, for the preservation or their seed, both the
<qex>spawner</qex> and the milter, cover their spawn with
sand.</q>
<qau>Walton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Whatever produces spawn of any kind.</def>
<hw>Spay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spayed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Spaying</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Cf. Armor. <ets>spac'hein</ets>, <ets>spaza</ets> to geld,
W. <ets>dyspaddu</ets> to geld, L. <ets>spado</ets> a eunuch, Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <def>To remove or extirpate the ovaries of, as a sow
or a bitch; to castrate (a female animal).</def>
<hw>Spay</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Spade</er> a spay,
<er>Spay</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The male of the red deer in his third year; a spade.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spay"ad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spay"ade</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
spay.</def>
<hw>Speak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Spoke</er> <pr>(?)</pr>
(<er>Spake</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <mark>Archaic</mark>); <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Spoken</er> <pr>(?)</pr> (<er>Spoke</er>, <mark>Obs.
<or/ Colloq.</mark>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Speaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>speken</ets>, AS.
<ets>specan</ets>, <ets>sprecan</ets>; akin to OF.ries.
<ets>spreka</ets>, D. <ets>spreken</ets>, OS. <ets>spreken</ets>,
G. <ets>sprechen</ets>, OHG. <ets>sprehhan</ets>, and perhaps to
Skr. <ets>sph<umac/rj</ets> to crackle, to thunder. Cf.
<er>Spark</er> of fire, <er>Speech</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To utter words or articulate sounds, as human beings; to
express thoughts by words; <as>as, the organs may be so
obstructed that a man may not be able to
<ex>speak</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Till at the last <qex>spake</qex> in this manner.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q><qex>Speak</qex>, Lord; for thy servant heareth.</q>
<qau>1 Sam. iii. 9.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To express opinions; to say; to talk; to
converse.</def>
<q>That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to set, as the
tradesmen <qex>speak</qex>.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<q>An honest man, is able to <qex>speak</qex> for himself, when a
knave is not.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>During the century and a half which followed the Conquest,
there is, to <qex>speak</qex> strictly, no English history.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To utter a speech, discourse, or harangue; to
adress a public assembly formally.</def>
<q>Many of the nobility made themselves popular by
<qex>speaking</qex> in Parliament against those things which were
most grateful to his majesty.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To discourse; to make mention; to tell.</def>
<q>Lycan <qex>speaks</qex> of a part of C\'91sar's army that came
to him from the Leman Lake.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To give sound; to sound.</def>
<q>Make all our trumpets <qex>speak</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To convey sentiments, ideas, or intelligence as
if by utterance; <as>as, features that <ex>speak</ex> of
self-will</as>.</def>
<q>Thine eye begins to <qex>speak</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>To speak of</col>, <cd>to take account of, to make
mention of.</cd> <au>Robynson (More's Utopia).</au> -- <col>To
speak out</col>, <cd>to speak loudly and distinctly; also, to
speak unreservedly.</cd> -- <col>To speak well for</col>, <cd>to
commend; to be favorable to.</cd> -- <col>To speak with</col>,
<cd>to converse with.</cd> \'bdWould you <xex>speak with</xex>
me?\'b8 <au>Shak.</au></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To say; tell; talk; converse; discourse; articulate;
pronounce; utter.</syn>
<hw>Speak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
utter with the mouth; to pronounce; to utter articulately, as
human beings.</def>
<q>They sat down with him upn ground seven days and seven nights,
and none <qex>spake</qex> a word unto him.</q>
<qau>Job. ii. 13.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter in a word or words; to say; to tell; to
declare orally; <as>as, to <ex>speak</ex> the truth; to
<ex>speak</ex> sense</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To declare; to proclaim; to publish; to make
known; to exhibit; to express in any way.</def>
<q>It is my father;s muste
To <qex>speak</qex> your deeds.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q><qex>Speaking</qex> a still good morrow with her eyes.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<q>And for the heaven's wide circuit, let it <qex>speak</qex>
The maker's high magnificence.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Report <qex>speaks</qex> you a bonny monk.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To talk or converse in; to utter or pronounce,
as in conversation; <as>as, to <ex>speak</ex> Latin</as>.</def>
<q>And French she <qex>spake</qex> full fair and fetisely.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To address; to accost; to speak to.</def>
<q>[He will] thee in hope; he will <qex>speak</qex> thee
fair.</q>
<qau>Ecclus. xiii. 6.</qau>
<q>each village senior paused to scan
And <qex>speak</qex> the lovely caravan.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<cs><col>To speak a ship</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to hail
and speak to her captain or commander.</cd></cs>
<hw>Speak"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Capable of being spoken; fit to be spoken.</def>
<au>Ascham.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Able to speak.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<-- Speakeasy, n. An establishment where alcoholic beverages were
sold illegally, during the prohibition era in the U.S.
(1920-1932) -->
<hw>Speak"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who speaks.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One
who utters or pronounces a discourse; usually, one who utters a
speech in public; <as>as, the man is a good <ex>speaker</ex>, or
a bad <ex>speaker</ex></as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> One who is the
mouthpiece of others; especially, one who presides over, or
speaks for, a delibrative assembly, preserving order and
regulating the debates; <as>as, the <ex>Speaker</ex> of the House
of Commons, originally, the mouthpiece of the House to address
the king; the <ex>Speaker</ex> of a House of
Representatives.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A book of selections for declamation.</def>
<mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Speak"er*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of speaker;
<as>as, the <ex>speakership</ex> of the House of
Representatives</as>.</def>
<hw>Speak"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Uttering
speech; used for conveying speech; <as>as, man is a
<ex>speaking</ex> animal; a <ex>speaking</ex> tube.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Seeming to be capable of speech; hence,
lifelike; <as>as, a <ex>speaking</ex> likeness</as>.</def>
<cs><col>A speaking acquaintance</col>, <cd>a slight acquaintance
with a person, or one which merely permits the exchange of
salutations and remarks on indifferent subjects.</cd> --
<col>Speaking trumpet</col>, <cd>an instrument somewhat
resembling a trumpet, by which the sound of the human voice may
be so intensified as to be conveyed to a great distance.</cd> --
<col>Speaking tube</col>, <cd>a tube for conveying speech,
especially from one room to another at a distance.</cd> --
<col>To be on speaking terms</col>, <cd>to be slightly
acquainted.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spek"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
uttering words.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Public declamation; oratory.</def>
<hw>Spear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>spere</ets>, AS. <ets>spere</ets>; akin to D. & G.
<ets>speer</ets>, OS. & OHS. <ets>sper</ets>, Icel. spj\'94r,
pl., Dan. <ets>sp\'91r</ets>, L. <ets>sparus</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A long, pointed weapon, used in war and hunting,
by thrusting or throwing; a weapon with a long shaft and a sharp
head or blade; a lance.</def> <note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Spearhead</er>.]</note> \'bdA sharp ground
<xex>spear</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their
<qex>spears</qex> into pruning hooks.</q>
<qau>Micah iv. 3.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: A spearman.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sharp-pointed instrument with barbs, used for
stabbing fish and other animals.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A shoot, as of grass; a spire.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The feather of a horse. See <er>Feather</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The rod to which the bucket, or plunger, of a
pump is attached; a pump rod.</def>
<cs><col>Spear foot</col>, <cd>the off hind foot of a horse.</cd>
-- <col>Spear grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The
common reed</cd>. See <er>Reed</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>meadow grass. See under <er>Meadow</er>.</cd> --
<col>Spear hand</col>, <cd>the hand in which a horseman holds a
spear; the right hand.</cd> <au>Crabb.</au> -- <col>Spear
side</col>, <cd>the male line of a family.</cd> <au>Lowell.</au>
-- <col>Spear thistle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common
thistle (<spn>Cnicus lanceolatus</spn>).</cd></cs>
<hw>Spear</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Speared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Spearing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pierce with a
spear; to kill with a spear; <as>as, to <ex>spear</ex> a
fish</as>.</def>
<hw>Spear</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To shoot into a long stem,
as some plants. See <er>Spire</er>.</def>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>Spear"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who uses a
spear; <as>as, a <ex>spearer</ex> of fish</as>.</def>
<hw>Spear"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large and powerful fish
(<spn>Tetrapturus albidus</spn>) related to the swordfish, but
having scales and ventral fins. It is found on the American coast
and the Mediterranean.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The carp
sucker.</def>
<-- p. 1380 -->
<hw>Spear"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The pointed
head, or end, of a spear.</def>
<hw>Spear"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spearmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who is armed
with a spear.</def>
<au>Acts xxiii. 23.</au>
<hw>Spear"mint`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So named
from its <ets>spiry</ets>, not capitate, inflorescence. <au>Dr.
Prior.</au>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of mint
(<spn>Mentha viridis</spn>) growing in moist soil. It vields an
aromatic oil. See <er>Mint</er>, and <er>Mentha</er>.</def>
<hw>Spear"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Australian tree (<spn>Acacia
Doratoxylon</spn>), and its tough wood, used by the natives for
spears.</def>
<hw>Spear"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sperewyrt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given
to several species of crowfoot (<spn>Ranunculus</spn>) which have
spear-shaped leaves.</def>
<hw>Spear"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the form
of a spear.</def>
<hw>Spece</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Species;
kind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Specht</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Speight</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
woodpecker.</def> <mark>[Obs. or prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Sherwood.</au>
<hw>Spe"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>specialis</ets>, fr. <ets>species</ets> a particular sort,
kind, or quality: cf. F. <ets>sp\'82cial</ets>. See
<er>Species</er>, and cf. <er>Especial</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to a species; constituting a species or
sort.</def>
<q>A <qex>special</qex> is called by the schools a
\'bdspecies\'b8.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Particular; peculiar; different from others;
extraordinary; uncommon.</def>
<q>Our Savior is represented everywhere in Scripture as the
<qex>special</qex> patron of the poor and the afficted.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<q>To this <qex>special</qex> evil an improvement of style would
apply a <qex>special</qex> redress.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Appropriate; designed for a particular purpose,
occasion, or person; <as>as, a <ex>special</ex> act of Parliament
or of Congress; a <ex>special</ex> sermon</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Limited in range; confined to a definite field
of action, investigation, or discussion; <as>as, a
<ex>special</ex> dictionary of commercial terms; a
<ex>special</ex> branch of study</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Chief in excellence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The king hath drawn
The <qex>special</qex> head of all the land together.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>Special administration</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an
administration limited to certain specified effects or acts, or
one granted during a particular time or the existence of a
special cause, as during a controversy respecting the probate of
a will, or the right of administration, etc.</cd> -- <col>Special
agency</col>, <cd>an agency confined to some particular
matter.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Special bail</col>, <col>Bail
above</col>, <or/ <col>Bail to the action</col></mcol>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>sureties who undertake that, if the
defendant is convicted, he shall satisfy the plaintiff, or
surrender himself into custody.</cd> <au>Tomlins. Wharton (Law
Dict.).</au> -- <col>Special constable</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Constable</er>.</cd> <au>Bouvier.</au> -- <col>Special
damage</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a damage resulting from the
act complained of, as a natural, but not the necessary,
consequence of it.</cd> -- <col>Special demurrer</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a demurrer for some defect of form in the
opposite party pleading, in which the cause of demurrer is
particularly stated.</cd> -- <col>Special deposit</col>, <cd>a
deposit made of a specific thing to be kept distinct from
others.</cd> -- <col>Special homology</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>Homology</er>.</cd> -- <col>Special
injuction</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an injuction granted on
special grounds, arising of the circumstances of the case.</cd>
<au>Daniell.</au> -- <col>Special issue</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,
<cd>an issue produced upon a special plea.</cd> <au>Stephen.</au>
-- <col>Special jury</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a jury
consisting of persons of some particular calling, station, or
qualification, which is called upon motion of either party when
the cause is supposed to require it; a struck jury.</cd> --
<col>Special orders</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>orders which do
not concern, and are not published to, the whole command, such as
those relating to the movement of a particular corps, a detail, a
temporary camp, etc.</cd> -- <col>Special partner</col>, <cd>a
limited partner; a partner with a limited or restricted
responsibility; -- unknown at common law.</cd> -- <col>Special
partnership</col>, <cd>a limited or particular partnership; -- a
term sometimes applied to a partnership in a particular business,
operation, or adventure.</cd> -- <col>Special plea in bar</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a plea setting forth particular and new
matter, distinguished from the general issue.</cd>
<au>Bouvier.</au> -- <col>Special pleader</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,
<cd>originally, a counsel who devoted himself to drawing special
counts and pleas; in a wider sense, a lawyer who draws
pleadings.</cd> -- <col>Special pleading</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,
<cd>the allegation of special or new matter, as distingiushed
from a direct denial of matter previously alleged on the
side.</cd> <au>Bouvier.</au> <cd>The popular denomination of the
whole science of pleading.</cd> <au>Stephen.</au> <cd>The phrase
is sometimes popularly applied to the specious, but unsound,
argumentation of one whose aim is victory, and not truth.</cd>
<au>Burrill.</au> -- <col>Special property</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a qualified or limited ownership
possession, as in wild animals, things found or bailed.</cd> --
<col>Special session</col>, <cd>an extraordinary session; a
session at an unusual time or for an unusual purpose; <as>as, a
<ex>special session</ex> of Congress or of a
legislature</as>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Special statute</col>, <or/
<col>Special law</col></mcol>, <cd>an act of the legislature
which has reference to a particular person, place, or interest;
-- in distinction from a <xex>general law</xex>.</cd> --
<col>Special verdict</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a special
finding of the facts of the case, leaving to the court the
application of the law to them.</cd> <au>Wharton (Law
Dict.).</au></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Peculiar; appropriate; specific; dictinctive;
particular; exceptional; singular. See <er>Peculiar</er>.</syn>
<hw>Spe"cial</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
particular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hammond.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One appointed for a special service or
occasion.</def>
<cs><col>In special</col>, <cd>specially; in particular.</cd>
<au>Chaucer.</au></cs>
<hw>Spe"cial*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Devotion
to a particular and restricted part or branch of knowledge, art,
or science; <as>as, medical <ex>specialism</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Spe"cial*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
devotes himself to some specialty; <as>as, a medical
<ex>specialist</ex>, one who devotes himself to diseases of
particular parts of the body, as the eye, the ear, the nerves,
etc.</as></def>
<hw>Spe`ci*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Specialities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See
<er>Special</er>, and <er>Specialty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A particular or peculiar case; a particularity.</def>
<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Specialty</er>,
3.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The special or peculiar mark or characteristic
of a person or thing; that for which a person is specially
distinguished; an object of special attention; a special
occupation or object of attention; a specialty.</def>
<q>On these two general heads all other <qex>specialities</qex>
are depedent.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<q>Strive, while improving your one talent, to enrich your whole
capital as a man. It is in this way that you escape from the
wretched narrow-mindedness which is the characteristic of every
one who cultivates his <qex>speciality</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ld. Lytton.</qau>
<q>We 'll say, instead, the inconsequent creature man, -
For that'a his <qex>speciality</qex>.</q>
<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>
<q>Think of this, sir, . . . remote from the impulses of passion,
and apart from the <qex>specialities</qex> -- if I may use that
strong remark -- of prejudice.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>An attribute or quality peculiar to a
species.</def>
<hw>Spe`cial*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of specializing, or the state of being
spezialized.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The setting spart of a
particular organ for the performance of a particular
function.</def>
<au>Darwin.</au>
<hw>Spe"cial*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To mention specialy; to particularize.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To apply to some specialty or limited object; to
assign to a specific use; <as>as, <ex>specialized</ex>
knowledge</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To supply with an organ or
organs having a special function or functions.</def>
<hw>Spe"cial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a
special manner; partcularly; especially.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>For a particular purpose; <as>as, a meeting of
the legislature is <ex>specially</ex> summoned</as>.</def>
<hw>Spe"cial*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Specialties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.
<ets>sp\'82cialit</ets>\'82. Cf. <er>Speciality</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Particularity.</def>
<q><qex>Specialty</qex> of rule hath been neglected.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A particular or peculiar case.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A contract or obligation under
seal; a contract by deed; a writing, under seal, given as
security for a debt particularly specified.</def>
<au>Chitty. Bouvier. Wharton (Law Dict.).</au>
<q>Let <qex>specialties</qex> be therefore drawn between us.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That for which a person is distinguished, in
which he is specially versed, or which he makes an object of
special attention; a speciality.</def>
<q>Men of boundless knowledge, like Humbold, must have had once
their <qex>specialty</qex>, their pet subject.</q>
<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Spe"ci*e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>abl.</pos> of L.
<xex>species</xex> sort, kind. Used in the phrase <xex>in
specie</xex>, that is, in sort, in kind, in (its own) form.</def>
<q>\'bd[The king] expects a return in <qex>specie</qex> from
them\'b8 [<it>i. e.</it>, kindness for kindness].</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<cs><col>In specie</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>in precise or
definite form; specifically; according to the exact terms; of the
very thing.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spe"cie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formed as a
singular from <ets>species</ets>, in sense 5.]</ety> <def>Coin;
hard money.</def>
<hw>Spe"cies</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>
<ety>[L., a sight, outward appearance, shape, form, a particular
sort, kind, or quality, a species. See <er>Spice</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Specie</er>, <er>Special</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Visible or sensible presentation; appearance; a
sensible percept received by the imagination; an image.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>species</xex> of the letters
illuminated with indigo and violet.\'b8
<au>Sir I. Newton.</au>
<q>Wit, . . . the faculty of imagination in the writer, which
searches over all the memory for the <qex>species</qex> or ideas
of those things which it designs to represent.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<note><hand/ In the scholastic philosophy, the species was
<xex>sensible</xex> and <xex>intelligible</xex>. The
<xex>sensible</xex> species was that in any material, object
which was in fact discerned by the mind through the organ of
perception, or that in any object which rendered it possible that
it should be perceived. The sensible species, as apprehended by
the understanding in any of the relations of thought, was called
an <xex>intelligible</xex> species. \'bdAn apparent diversity
between the <xex>species</xex> visible and audible is, that the
visible doth not mingle in the medium, but the audible
doth.\'b8</note>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A group of individuals
agreeing in common attributes, and designated by a common name; a
conception subordinated to another conception, called a genus, or
generic conception, from which it differs in containing or
comprehending more attributes, and extending to fewer
individuals. Thus, <er>man</er> is a <xex>species</xex>, under
<er>animal</er> as a <xex>genus</xex>; and <xex>man</xex>, in its
turn, may be regarded as a <xex>genus</xex> with respect to
<er>European</er>, <er>American</er>, or the like, as
<xex>species</xex>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>In science, a more or less permanent group of
existing things or beings, associated according to attributes, or
properties determined by scientific observation.</def>
<note><hand/ In mineralogy and chemistry, objects which possess
the same definite chemical structure, and are fundamentally the
same in crystallization and physical characters, are classed as
belonging to a <xex>species</xex>. In zo\'94logy and botany, a
<xex>species</xex> is an ideal group of individuals which are
believed to have descended from common ancestors, which agree in
essential characteristics, and are capable of indefinitely
continued fertile reproduction through the sexes. A
<xex>species</xex>, as thus defined, differs from a
<xex>variety</xex> or <xex>subspecies</xex> only in the greater
stability of its characters and in the absence of individuals
intermediate between the related groups.</note>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sort; a kind; a variety; <as>as, a
<ex>species</ex> of low cunning; a <ex>species</ex> of
generosity; a <ex>species</ex> of cloth.</as></def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Coin, or coined silver, gold, ot other metal,
used as a circulating medium; specie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>There was, in the splendor of the Roman empire, a less
quantity of current <qex>species</qex> in Europe than there is
now.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A public spectacle or exhibition.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Pharmacy)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A component
part of compound medicine; a simple.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An officinal mixture or compound powder of
any kind; esp., one used for making an aromatic tea or tisane; a
tea mixture.</def>
<au>Quincy.</au>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>The form or shape given
to materials; fashion or shape; form; figure.</def>
<au>Burill.</au>
<cs><col>Incipient species</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
subspecies, or variety, which is in process of becoming
permanent, and thus changing to a true species, usually by
isolation in localities from which other varieties are
excluded.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spec"i*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Admitting specification; capable of being specified.</def>
<hw>Spe*cif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sp\'82cifique</ets>, or NL. <ets>cpesificus</ets>; L.
<ets>species</ets> a particular sort or kind + <ets>facere</ets>
to make. Cf. <er>Specify</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or
pertaining to a species; characterizing or constituting a
species; possessing the peculiar property or properties of a
thing which constitute its species, and distinguish it from other
things; <as>as, the <ex>specific</ex> form of an animal or a
plant; the <ex>specific</ex> qualities of a drug; the
<ex>specific</ex> distinction between virtue and vice.</as></def>
<q><qex>Specific</qex> difference is that primary attribute which
distinguishes each species from one another.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifying; definite, or making definite;
limited; precise; discriminating; <as>as, a <ex>specific</ex>
statement</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Exerting a peculiar influence
over any part of the body; preventing or curing disease by a
peculiar adaption, and not on general principles; <as>as, quinine
is a <ex>specific</ex> medicine in cases of malaria</as>.</def>
<q>In fact, all medicines will be found <qex>specific</qex> in
the perfection of the science.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<cs><col>Specific character</col> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a
characteristic or characteristics distinguishing one species from
every other species of the same genus.</cd> -- <col>Specific
disease</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A disease which
produces a determinate definite effect upon the blood and tissues
or upon some special tissue</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A disease
which is itself uniformly produced by a definite and peculiar
poison or organism.</cd> -- <col>Specific duty</col>.
<fld>(Com.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Duty</er>.</cd> --
<col>Specific gravity</col>. <fld>(Physics)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Gravity</er>.</cd> -- <col>Specific heat</col>
<fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the quantity of heat required to raise
temperature of a body one degree, taking as the unit of measure
the quantity required to raise the same weight of water from zero
to one degree; <as>thus, the <ex>specific heat<ex> of mercury is
0.033, that of water being 1.000</as>.</cd> -- <col>Specific
inductive capacity</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the effect of
a dielectric body in producing static electric induction as
compared with that of some other body or bodies referred to as a
standard.</cd> -- <col>Specific legacy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,
<cd>a bequest of a particular thing, as of a particular animal or
piece of furniture, specified and distinguished from all
others.</cd> <au>Wharton. Burrill.</au> -- <col>Specific
name</col> <fld>(Nat., Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the name which, appended
to the name of the genus, constitutes the distinctive name of the
species; -- originally applied by Linn\'91us to the essential
character of the species, or the <xex>essential difference</xex>.
The present <ex>specific name</ex> he at first called the
<altname>trivial name</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Specific
performance</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the peformance of a
contract or agreement as decreed by a court of equity.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spe*cif"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>A specific remedy. See <er>Specific</er>, <pos>a.</pos>,
3.</def>
<q>His parents were weak enough to believe that the royal touch
was a <qex>specific</qex> for this malady.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything having peculiar adaption to the purpose
to which it is applied.</def>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Spe*cif"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Specific.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Spe*cif"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
specific manner.</def>
<hw>Spe*cif"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of
being specific.</def>
<hw>Spe*cif"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Specify</er>.]</ety> <def>To show, mark, or designate the
species, or the distinguishing particulars of; to specify.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>ir M. Hale.</au>
<hw>Spec`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>sp\'82cification</ets>, LL.
<ets>specificatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
specifying or determining by a mark or limit; notation of
limits.</def>
<q>This <qex>specification</qex> or limitation of the question
hinders the disputers from wandering away from the precise point
of inquiry.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The designation of particulars; particular
mention; <as>as, the <ex>specification</ex> of a charge against
an officer</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A written statement containing a minute
description or enumeration of particulars, as of charges against
a public officer, the terms of a contract, the description of an
invention, as in a patent; also, a single article, item, or
particular, an allegation of a specific act, as in a charge of
official misconduct.</def>
<hw>Soe*cif"ic*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being specific.</def>
<hw>Spec"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Specified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Specifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>sp\'82cifier</ets>, or
OF. <ets>especifier</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>specificare</ets>. See
<er>Species</er>, <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To mention or name,
as a particular thing; to designate in words so as to distinguish
from other things; <as>as, to <ex>specify</ex> the uses of a
plant; to <ex>specify</ex> articles purchased</as>.</def>
<q>He has there given us an exact geography of Greece, where the
countries and the uses of their soils are
<qex>specified</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Spe*col"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Stylet</er>,
2.</def>
<hw>Spec"i*men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
<ets>specere</ets> to look, to behold. See <er>Spy</er>.]</ety>
<def>A part, or small portion, of anything, or one of a number of
things, intended to exhibit the kind and quality of the whole, or
of what is not exhibited; a sample; <as>as, a <ex>specimen</ex>
of a man's handwriting; a <ex>specimen</ex> of painting;
a<ex>specimen</ex> of one's art</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Sample; model; pattern.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Specimen</er>, <er>Sample</er>. A <xex>specimen</xex> is a
representative of the class of things to which it belongs; as, a
<xex>specimen</xex> of photography. A <xex>sample</xex> is a part
of the thing itself, designed to show the quality of the whole;
as, a <xex>sample</xex> of sugar or of broadcloth. A cabinet of
minerals consists of <xex>specimens</xex>; if a part be broken
off from any one of these, it is a <xex>sample</xex> of the
mineral to which it belongs. \'bdSeveral persons have exhibited
<xex>specimens</xex> of this art before multitudes of
beholders.\'b8 <au>Addison.</au> \'bdI design this but for a
<xex>sample</xex> of what I hope more fully to discuss.\'b8
<au>Woodward.</au></usage>
<hw>Spe`ci*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Speciocities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. LL.
<er>speciositas</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or
state of being specious; speciousness.</def>
<q>Professions built so largely on <qex>speciosity</qex>, instead
of performance.</q>
<qau>Carlyle.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is specious.</def>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<-- p. 1381 -->
<hw>Spe"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>speciosus</ets>good-looking, beautiful, specious, fr.
<ets>species</ets> look, show, appearance; cf. F.
<ets>sp\'82coeux</ets>. See <er>Species</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Presenting a pleasing appearance; pleasing in form or look;
showy.</def>
<q>Some [serpents] <qex>specious</qex> and beautiful to the
eye.</q>
<qau>Bp. Richardson.</qau>
<q>The rest, far greater part,
Will deem in outward rites and <qex>specious</qex> forms
Religion satisfied.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Apparently right; superficially fair, just, or
correct, but not so in reality; appearing well at first view;
plausible; <as>as, <ex>specious</ex> reasoning; a
<ex>specious</ex> argument.</as></def>
<q>Misled for a moment by the <qex>specious</qex> names of
religion, liberty, and property.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<q>In consequence of their greater command of <qex>specious</qex>
expression.</q>
<qau>J. Morley.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Plausible; showy; ostensible; colorable; feasible.
See <er>Plausible</er>.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spe"xious*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
-- <wf>Spe"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Speck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>spik</ets> blubber, AS. <ets>spic</ets>, D. <ets>spek</ets>,
G. <ets>speck</ets>.]</ety> <def>The blubber of whales or other
marine mammals; also, the fat of the hippopotamus.</def>
<cs><col>Speck falls</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>falls or ropes
rove through blocks for hoisting the blubber and bone of whales
on board a whaling vessel.</cd></cs>
<hw>Speck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>spekke</ets>, AS.
<ets>specca</ets>; cf. LG. <ets>spaak</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A small discolored place in or on anything, or a small place
of a color different from that of the main substance; a spot; a
stain; a blemish; <as>as, a <ex>speck</ex> on paper or loth;
<ex>specks</ex> of decay in fruit</as>.</def> \'bdGray sand, with
black <xex>specks</xex>.\'b8
<au>Anson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A very small thing; a particle; a mite; <as>as,
<ex>specks</ex> of dust; he has not a <ex>speck</ex> of
money.</as></def>
<q>Many bright <qex>specks</qex> bubble up along the blue
Egean.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small etheostomoid fish
(<spn>Ulocentra stigm\'91a</spn>) common in the Eastern United
States.</def>
<hw>Speck</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Specked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Specking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause the
presence of specks upon or in, especially specks regarded as
defects or blemishes; to spot; to speckle; <as>as, paper
<ex>specked</ex> by impurities in the water used in its
manufacture</as>.</def>
<q>Carnation, purple, azure, or <qex>specked</qex> with gold.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Spec"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of
<ets>speck</ets>; cf. D. <ets>spikkel</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little
or spot in or anything, of a different substance or color from
that of the thing itself.</def>
<q>An huge great serpent, all with <qex>speckles</qex> pied.</q>
<qau>Spebser.</qau>
<hw>Spec"kle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Speckled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Speckling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
mark with small spots of a different color from that of the rest
of the surface; to variegate with spots of a different color from
the ground or surface.</def>
<hw>Spec"kled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked or
variegated with small spots of a different color from that of the
rest of the surface.</def>
<cs><col>Speckled Indians</col> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, <cd>the
Pintos.</cd> -- <col>Speckled trout</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common American brook trout</cd>. See
<er>Trout</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The rainbow trout.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spec"kled-bel`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gadwall.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Spec"kled-bill"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American white-fronted goose
(<spn>Anser albifrons</spn>).</def>
<hw>Spec"kled*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
speckled.</def>
<hw>Speck`sion*eer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
chief harpooner, who also directs in cutting up the speck, or
blubber; -- so called among whalers.</def>
<hw>Speckt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woodpecker.
See <er>Speight</er>.</def>
<hw>Spec"ta*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>spectaculum</ets>, fr. <ets>spectare</ets> to look at, to
behold, v. intens. fr. <ets>specere</ets>. See
<er>Spy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something exhibited to
view; usually, something presented to view as extraordinary, or
as unusual and worthy of special notice; a remarkable or
noteworthy sight; a show; a pageant; a gazingstock.</def>
<q>O, piteous <qex>spectacle</qex>? O, bloody times!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spy-glass; a looking-glass.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Poverty a <qex>spectacle</qex> is, as thinketh me,
Through which he may his very friends see.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An optical instrument
consisting of two lenses set in a light frame, and worn to assist
sight, to obviate some defect in the organs of vision, or to
shield the eyes from bright light.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Fig.: An aid to the
intellectual sight.</def>
<q>Shakespeare . . . needed not the <qex>spectacles</qex> of
books to read nature.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Show; sight; exhibition; representation;
pageant.</syn>
<hw>Spec"ta*cled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Furnished with spectacles; wearing spectacles.</def>
<q>As <qex>spectacled</qex> she sits in chimney nook.</q>
<qau>Keats.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the eyes surrounded
by color markings, or patches of naked skin, resembling
spectacles.</def>
<cs><col>Spectacled bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South
American bear (<spn>Tremarclos ornatus</spn>) which inhabits the
high mountains of Chili and Peru. It has a light-colored ring
around each eye.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Spectacled coot</col>, <or/
<col>Spectacled duck</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
surf scoter, or surf duck.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> --
<col>Spectacled eider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Eider</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spectacled goose</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the gannet.</cd> -- <col>Spectacled
snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cobra de
capello.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spec*tac"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to a shows; of the nature of a show.</def>
\'bd<xex>Spectacular</xex> sports.\'b8
<au>G. Hickes.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Adapted to excite wonder and admiration by a
display of pomp or of scenic effects; <as>as, a
<ex>spectacular</ex> celebration of some event; a
<ex>spectacular</ex> play.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pertaining to spectacles, or glasses for the
eyes.</def>
<-- 4. Unusual and striking. -->
<hw>Spec"tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spectans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>spectare</ets> to look
at.]</ety> <def>Looking forward.</def>
<hw>Spec*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spectatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Regard; aspect;
appearance.</def>
<au>Harvey.</au>
<hw>Spec*ta"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spectator</ets>: cf. F. <ets>spectateur</ets>. See
<er>Spectacle</er>.]</ety> <def>One who on; one who sees or
beholds; a beholder; one who is personally present at, and sees,
any exhibition; <as>as, the <ex>spectators</ex> at a
show</as>.</def> \'bdDevised and played to take
<xex>spectators</xex>.\'b8
<-- an eyewitness -->
<au>Shak.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Looker-on; beholder; observer; witness.</syn>
<hw>Spec`ta*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a spectator.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Spec*ta"tor*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The office or quality of a spectator.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Addison.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of beholding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spec*ta"tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spec*ta"trix</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spectatrix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female beholder or
looker-on.</def> \'bdA <xex>spectatress</xex> of the whole
scene.\'b8
<au>Jeffrey.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spec"ter</hw>, <hw>Spec"tre</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>spectre</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>spectrum</ets> an appearance, image, specter, fr.
<ets>specere</ets> to look. See <er>Spy</er>, and cf.
<er>Spectrum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something
preternaturally visible; an apparition; a ghost; a phantom.</def>
<q>The ghosts of traitors from the bridge descend,
With bold fanatic <qex>specters</qex> to rejoice.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
tarsius.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A stick insect.</def>
<cs><col>Specter bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any
phyllostome bat.</cd> -- <col>Specter candle</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a belemnite.</cd> -- <col>Specter
shrimp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a skeleton shrimp. See
under <er>Skeleton</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spec`tion*eer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Specsioneer</er>.</def>
<hw>Spec"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to a specter; ghosty.</def>
<q>He that feels timid at the <qex>spectral</qex> form of evil is
not the man to spread light.</q>
<qau>F. W. Robertson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
spectrum; made by the spectrum; <as>as, <ex>spectral</ex> colors;
<ex>spectral</ex> analysis.</as></def>
<cs><col>Spectral lemur</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Tarsius</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spec"tral*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the form or manner
of a specter.</def>
<hw>Spec"tre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Specter</er>.</def>
<hw>Spec`tro*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
or pertaining to spectrology; <as>as, <ex>spectrological</ex>
studies or experiments</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Spec`tro*log"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spec*trol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spectrum</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.Phys.)</fld> <def>The science of spectrum analysis in
any or all of its relations and applications.</def>
<hw>Spec*trom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spectrum</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A spectroscope fitted for measurements
of the luminious spectra observed with it.</def>
<hw>Spec`tro*pho*tom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spectrum</ets> + <ets>photometer</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring or comparing
the intensites of the colors of the spectrum.</def>
<hw>Spec"tro*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spectrum</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An optical instrument for forming and
examining spectra (as that of solar light, or those produced by
flames in which different substances are volatilized), so as to
determine, from the position of the spectral lines, the
composition of the substance.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spec`tro*scop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Spec`tro*scop"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to a spectroscope, or spectroscopy.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spec`tro*scop"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spec*tros"co*pist</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One who investigates by means of a spectroscope; one skilled
in the use of the spectroscope.</def>
<hw>Spec*tros"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The use
of the spectroscope; investigations made with the
spectroscope.</def>
<hw>Spec"trum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spectra</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See
<er>Specter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An apparition; a
specter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The several
colored and other rays of which light is composed, separated by
the refraction of a prism or other means, and observed or studied
either as spread out on a screen, by direct vision, by
photography, or otherwise. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Light</er>, and <er>Spectroscope</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A luminous appearance, or an image seen after the eye has
been exposed to an intense light or a strongly illuminated
object. When the object is colored, the image appears of the
complementary color, as a green image seen after viewing a red
wafer lying on white paper. Called also <altname>ocular
spectrum</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>Absorption spectrum</col>, <cd>the spectrum of light
which has passed through a medium capable of absorbing a portion
of the rays. It is characterized by dark spaces, bands, or
lines.</cd> -- <col>Chemical spectrum</col>, <cd>a spectrum of
rays considered solely with reference to their chemical effects,
as in photography. These, in the usual photogrophic methods, have
their maximum influence at and beyond the violet rays, but are
not limited to this region.</cd> -- <col>Chromatic
spectrum</col>, <cd>the visible colored rays of the solar
spectrum, exhibiting the seven principal colors in their order,
and covering the central and larger portion of the space of the
whole spectrum.</cd> -- <col>Continous spectrum</col>, <cd>a
spectrum not broken by bands or lines, but having the colors
shaded into each other continously, as that from an incandescent
solid or liquid, or a gas under high pressure.</cd> --
<col>Diffraction spectrum</col>, <cd>a spectrum produced by
diffraction, as by a grating.</cd> -- <col>Gaseous
spectrum</col>, <cd>the spectrum of an incandesoent gas or vapor,
under moderate, or especially under very low, pressure. It is
characterized by bright bands or lines.</cd> -- <col>Normal
spectrum</col>, <cd>a representation of a spectrum arranged upon
conventional plan adopted as standard, especially a spectrum in
which the colors are spaced proportionally to their wave lengths,
as when formed by a diffraction grating.</cd> -- <col>Ocular
spectrum</col>. <cd>See <er>Spectrum</er>, 2 <sd>(b)</sd>,
above.</cd> -- <col>Prismatic spectrum</col>, <cd>a spectrum
produced by means of a prism.</cd> -- <col>Solar spectrum</col>,
<cd>the spectrum of solar light, especially as thrown upon a
screen in a darkened room. It is characterized by numerous dark
lines called <xex>Fraunhofer lines<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Spectrum
analysis</col>, <cd>chemical analysis effected by comparison of
the different relative positions and qualities of the fixed lines
of spectra produced by flames in which different substances are
burned or evaporated, each substance having its own
characteristic system of lines.</cd> -- <col>Thermal
spectrum</col>, <cd>a spectrum of rays considered solely with
reference to their heating effect, especially of those rays which
produce no luminous phenomena.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spec"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>specularis</ets> (cf., from the same root,
<ets>specula</ets> a lookout, watchtower): cf. F.
<ets>sp\'82culaire</ets>. See <er>Speculum</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the qualities of a speculum, or mirror;
having a smooth, reflecting surface; <as>as, a <ex>specular</ex>
metal; a <ex>specular</ex> surface.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a
speculum; conducted with the aid of a speculum; <as>as, a
<ex>specular</ex> examination</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Assisting sight, as a lens or the like.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Thy <qex>specular</qex> orb
Apply to well-dissected kernels; lo!
In each observe the slender threads
Of first-beginning trees.</q>
<qau>J. Philips.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Affording view.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdLook
once more, ere we leave this <xex>specular</xex> mount.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<cs><col>Specular iron</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Hematite</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spec"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Speculated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Speculating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>speculatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>speculari</ets> to spy out,
observe, fr. <ets>specula</ets> a lookout, fr. <ets>specere</ets>
to look. See <er>Spy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To consider by
turning a subject in the mind, and viewing it in its different
aspects and relations; to meditate; to contemplate; to theorize;
<as>as, to <ex>speculate</ex> on questions in religion; to
<ex>speculate</ex> on political events.</as></def>
<q>It is remarkable that persons who <qex>speculate</qex> the
most boldly often conform with the most pefect quietude to the
external regulations of society.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>To view subjects from
certain premises given or assumed, and infer conclusions
respecting them <xex>a priori</xex>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To purchase with the
expectation of a contingent advance in value, and a consequent
sale at a profit; -- often, in a somewhat depreciative sense, of
unsound or hazardous transactions; <as>as, to <ex>speculate</ex>
in coffee, in sugar, or in bank stock</as>.</def>
<-- (finance) -->
<hw>Spec"u*late</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To consider
attentively; <as>as, to <ex>speculate</ex> the nature of a
thing</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>
<hw>Spec`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>speculatio</ets> a spying out, observation: cf. F.
<ets>sp\'82culation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
speculating.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Examination by the eye; view</def>.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Mental view of anything in its various aspects
and relations; contemplation; intellectual examination</def>.
<q>Thenceforth to <qex>speculations</qex> high or deep
I turned my thoughts.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The act or process of
reasoning <it>a priori</it> from premises given or assumed</def>.
<sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The act or practice of buying
land, goods, shares, etc., in expectation of selling at a higher
price, or of selling with the expectation of repurchasing at a
lower price; a trading on anticipated fluctuations in price, as
distinguished from trading in which the profit expected is the
difference between the retail and wholesale prices, or the
difference of price in different markets.</def>
<-- buying long is considered speculation only when the time of
holding the object is short. Longer-term trading (> 1 year) is
considered investment. -->
<q>Sudden fortunes, indeed, are sometimes made in such places, by
what is called the trade of <qex>speculation</qex>.</q>
<qau>A. Smith.</qau>
<q><qex>Speculation</qex>, while confined within moderate limits,
is the agent for equalizing supply and demand, and rendering the
fluctuations of price less sudden and abrupt than they would
otherwise be.</q>
<qau>F. A. Walker.</qau>
<sd>(e)</sd> <def>Any business venture in involving unusual
risks, with a chance for large profits</def>.
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A conclusion to which the mind comes by
speculating; mere theory; view; notion; conjecture.</def>
<q>From him Socrates derived the principles of morality, and most
part of his natural <qex>speculations</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. temple.</qau>
<q>To his <qex>speculations</qex> on these subjects he gave the
lofty name of the \'bdOracles of Reason.\'b8</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Power of sight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Thou hast no <qex>speculation</qex> in those eyes.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A game at cards in which the players buy from
one another trumps or whole hands, upon a chance of getting the
highest trump dealt, which entitles the holder to the pool of
stakes.</def>
<hw>Spec"u*la*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
speculates, or forms theories; a speculator; a theorist.</def>
<q>The very ingenious <qex>speculatist</qex>, Mr. Hume.</q>
<qau>V. Knox.</qau>
<hw>Spec"u*la*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sp\'82culatif</ets>, L. <ets>speculativus</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Given to speculation; contemplative.</def>
<q>The mind of man being by nature <qex>speculative</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Involving, or formed by, speculation; ideal;
theoretical; not established by demonstration.</def>
<au>Cudworth.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to vision; also, prying;
inquisitive; curious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to speculation in land, goods,
shares, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>speculative</ex> dealer or
enterprise</as>.</def>
<-- 5. (Finance) More risky than typical investments; not
investment grade. -->
<q>The <qex>speculative</qex> merchant exercises no one regular,
established, or well-known branch of business.</q>
<qau>A. Smith.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spec"u*la*tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Spec"u*la*tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spec"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
spy, explorer, investigator: cf. F.
<ets>sp\'82culateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who speculates.
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> An observer; a contemplator; hence, a
spy; a watcher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who forms theories; a theorist</def>.
<q>A <qex>speculator</qex> who had dared to affirm that the human
soul is by nature mortal.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>One who engages in
speculation; one who buys and sells goods, land, etc., with the
expectation of deriving profit from fluctuations in price.</def>
<-- p. 1382 -->
<hw>Spec`u*la*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Speculatory; speculative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spec"u*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>speculatorius</ets> belonging to spies or scouts.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Intended or adapted for viewing or espying;
having oversight.</def>
<au>T. Warton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exercising speculation; speculative.</def>
<au>T. Carew.</au>
<hw>Spec"u*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
observes or considers; an observer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Goldsmith.</au>
<hw>Spec"u*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>Specula</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Speculum</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>specere</ets> to look,
behold. See <er>Spy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A mirror, or
looking-glass; especially, a metal mirror, as in Greek and Roman
arch\'91ology.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A reflector of polished metal, especially one
used in reflecting telescopes. See <cref>Speculum metal</cref>,
below.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for dilating
certain passages of the body, and throwing light within them,
thus facilitating examination or surgical operations.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)/fld> <def>A bright and lustrous patch
of color found on the wings of ducks and some other birds. It is
usually situated on the distal portions of the secondary quills,
and is much more brilliant in the adult male than in the
female.</def>
<cs><col>Speculum metal</col>, a hard, brittle alloy used for
making the reflectors of telescopes and other instruments,
usually consisting of copper and tin in various proportions, one
of the best being that in which there are 126.4 parts of copper
to 58.9 parts of tin, with sometimes a small proportion of
arsenic, antimony, or zinc added to improve the
whiteness.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Speed</er>.</def>
<hw>Speece</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Species;
sort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Speech</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>speche</ets>, AS. <ets>sp<?/c</ets>, <ets>spr<?/</ets>, fr.
<ets>specan</ets>, <ets>sprecan</ets>, to speak; akin to D.
<ets>spraak</ets> speech, OHG. <ets>spr\'behha</ets>, G.
<ets>sprache</ets>, Sw. <ets>spr<?/k</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sprog</ets>. See <er>Speak</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
faculty of uttering articulate sounds or words; the faculty of
expressing thoughts by words or articulate sounds; the power of
speaking.</def>
<q>There is none comparable to the variety of instructive
expressions by <qex>speech</qex>, wherewith man alone is endowed
for the communication of his thoughts.</q>
<qau>Holder.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>he act of speaking; that which is spoken; words,
as expressing ideas; language; conversation.</def>
<note><hand/ Speech is voice modulated by the throat, tongue,
lips, etc., the modulation being accomplished by changing the
form of the cavity of the mouth and nose through the action of
muscles which move their walls.</note>
<q>O goode God! how gentle and how kind
Ye seemed by your <qex>speech</qex> and your visage
The day that maked was our marriage.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The acts of God . . . to human ears
Can nort without process of <qex>speech</qex> be told.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A particular language, as distinct from others;
a tongue; a dialect.</def>
<q>People of a strange <qex>speech</qex> and of an hard
language.</q>
<qau>Ezek. iii. 6.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Talk; mention; common saying.</def>
<q>The duke . . . did of me demand
What was the <qex>speech</qex> among the Londoners
Concerning the French journey.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>formal discourse in public; oration;
harangue.</def>
<q>The constant design of these orators, in all their
<qex>speeches</qex>, was to drive some one particular point.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>ny declaration of thoughts.</def>
<q>I. with leave of <qex>speech</qex> implored, . . .
replied.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. Harangue; language; address; oration. See
<er>Harangue</er>, and <er>Language</er>.</syn>
<hw>Speech</hw>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To make a speech; to
harangue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Speech"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of
speech or words; voluble; loquacious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Speech`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[See
<er>Spechify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of speechifying.</def>
<mark>[Used humorously or in contempt.]</mark>
<hw>Speech"i*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
makes a speech or speeches; an orator; a declaimer.</def>
<mark>[Used humorously or in contempt.]</mark>
<au>G. Eliot.</au>
<hw>Speech"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Speechified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Speechifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Speech</ets> +
<ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make a speech; to harangue.</def>
<mark>[Used derisively or humorously.]</mark>
<hw>Speech"i*fy`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of making a
speech or speeches.</def> <mark>[Used derisively or
humorously.]</mark>
<q>The dinner and <qex>speechifying</qex> . . . at the opening of
the annual season for the buckhounds.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>
<hw>Speech"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of making a
speech.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Speech"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Destitute or
deprived of the faculty of speech.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not speaking for a time; dumb; mute;
silent.</def>
<q><qex>Speechless</qex> with wonder, and half dead with
fear.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Speech"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Speech"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Speech"mak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
makes speeches; one accustomed to speak in a public
assembly.</def>
<hw>Speed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sp<?/d</ets> success, swiftness, from <ets>sp<?/wan</ets> to
succeed; akin to D. <ets>spoed</ets>d, OHG. <ets>spuot</ets>
success, <ets>spuot</ets> to succees, Skr. <ets>sph\'be</ets> to
increase, grow fat. <root/170<it>b.</it>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Prosperity in an undertaking; favorable issue;
success.</def> \'bdFor common <xex>speed</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>O Lord God of my master Abraham, I pray thee, send me good
<qex>speed</qex> this day.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxiv. 12.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or state of moving swiftly; swiftness;
velocity; rapidly; rate of motion; dispatch; <as>as, the
<ex>speed</ex> a horse or a vessel</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Speed</qex>, to describe whose swiftness number
fails.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<note><hand/ In kinematics, <xex>speed</xex>is sometimes used to
denote the amount of velocity without regard to direction of
motion, while <xex>velocity</xex> is not regarded as known unless
both the direction and the amount are known.</note>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, causes or promotes speed
or success.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdHercules be thy
<xex>speed</xex>!\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>God speed</col>, <cd>Good speed; prosperity. See
<er>Godspeed</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Speed gauge</col>,
<col>Speed indicator</col>, <and/ <col>Speed
recorder</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>devices for
indicating or recording the rate of a body's motion, as the
number of revolutions of a shaft in a given time.</cd> --
<col>Speed lathe</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a power lathe with
a rapidly revolving spindle, for turning small objects, for
polishing, etc.; a hand lathe.</cd> -- <col>Speed pulley</col>,
<cd>a cone pulley with steps.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Haste; swiftness; celerity; quickness; dispatch;
expedition; hurry; acceleration. See <er>Haste</er>.</syn>
<hw>Speed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<er>Speeded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Speeding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>sp<?/dan</ets>,
fr. <ets>sp<?/d</ets>, n.; akin to D. <ets>spoeden</ets>, G. sich
<ets>sputen</ets>. See <er>Speed</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To go; to fare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To warn him now he is too farre <qex>sped</qex>.</q>
<qau>Remedy of Love.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To experience in going; to have any condition,
good or ill; to fare.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Ships heretofore in seas lke fishes <qex>sped</qex>;
The mightiest still upon the smallest fed.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fare well; to have success; to prosper.</def>
<q>Save London, and send true lawyers their meed!
For whoso wants money with them shall not <qex>speed</qex>!</q>
<qau>Lydgate.</qau>
<q>I told ye then he should prevail, and <qex>speed</qex>
On his bad errand.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make haste; to move with celerity.</def>
<q>I have <qex>speeded</qex> hither with the very extremest inch
of possibility.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be expedient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif (2 Cor. xii. 1.)</au>
<hw>Speed</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to be
successful, or to prosper; hence, to aid; to favor.</def>
\'bdFortune <xex>speed</xex> us!\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>With rising gales that <qex>speed</qex> their happy
flight.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to make haste; to dispatch with
celerity; to drive at full speed; hence, to hasten; to
hurry.</def>
<q>He <qex>sped</qex> him thence home to his habitation.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hasten to a conclusion; to expedite.</def>
<q>Judicial acts . . . are <qex>sped</qex> in open court at the
instance of one or both of the parties.</q>
<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To hurry to destruction; to put an end to; to
ruin; to undo.</def> \'bd<xex>Sped</xex> with spavins.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>A dire dilemma! either way I 'm <qex>sped</qex>.
If foes, they write, if friends, they read, me dead.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To wish success or god fortune to, in any
undertaking, especially in setting out upon a journey.</def>
<q>Welkome the coming, <qex>speed</qex> the parting guest.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>God speed you</col>, <col>them</col></mcol>,
<cd>etc., may God speed you; or, may you have good
speed.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To depatch; hasten; expedite; accelerate;
hurry.</syn>
<hw>Speed"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, speeds.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Spinning)</fld> <def>A machine for drawing and
twisting slivers to form rovings.</def>
<hw>Speed"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of speed
(in any sense).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Speed"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a speedful
manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Speed"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
speedy manner.</def>
<hw>Speed"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being speedy.</def>
<hw>Speed"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being without
speed.</def>
<hw>Speed"well</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Veronica</spn>, mostly low herbs
with pale blue corollas, which quickly fall off.</def>
<hw>Speed"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Speedier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Speediest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sp<?/dyg</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not dilatory or slow; quick;
swift; nimble; hasty; rapid in motion or performance; <as>as, a
<ex>speedy</ex> flight; on <ex>speedy</ex> foot.</as></def>
<q>I will wish her <qex>speedy</qex> strength.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Darts, which not the good could shun,
The <qex>speedy</qex> ould outfly.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Speer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sphere.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Speer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To ask.
<mark>[Scot.]</mark> See <er>Spere</er>.</def>
<hw>Speet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>speten</ets>. See <er>Spit</er> an iron prong.]</ety>
<def>To stab.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Gammer Gurton's Needle.</au>
<hw>Speight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>specht</ets>, probably akin to L. <ets>picus</ets>: cf. D.
<ets>specht</ets>. <root/169. See <er>Pie</er> a magpie.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A woodpecker; -- called also
<altname>specht</altname>, <altname>spekt</altname>,
<altname>spight</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Speir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To ask. See
<er>Spere</er>.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Speis`ko"balt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[G.]</ety> <def>Smaltite.</def>
<hw>Speiss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>speise</ets> food, mixed metal for bells, etc.]</ety>
<fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A regulus consisting essentially of
nickel, obtained as a residue in fusing cobalt and nickel ores
with silica and sodium carbonate to make smalt.</def>
<hw>Spek"boom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D., lit. fat
tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The purslane tree of South
Africa, -- said to be the favorite food of elephants.</def>
<au>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</au>
<hw>Speke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To
speak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Speke"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The parlor
or reception room of a convent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spel"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.
<ets>speld</ets> to spread out, <ets>spelder</ets> to split.
spread open; cf. G. <ets>spalten</ets> split.]</ety> <def>A
haddock or other small fish split open and dried in the sun; --
called also <altname>speldron</altname>.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Spel"i*cans</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spilikin</er>.</def>
<hw>Spelk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>spelc</ets>, <ets>spilc</ets>, a little rod by which a thing
is kept straight, a splint for binding up broken bones, akin to
Icel. <ets>spelkur</ets>, pl., a splint. Cf. <er>Spell</er> a
splinter.]</ety> <def>A small stick or rod used as a spike in
thatching; a splinter.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Grose.</au>
<hw>Spell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>speld</ets>, AS. <ets>speld</ets> a spill to light a candle
with; akin to D. <ets>speld</ets> a pin, OD. <ets>spelle</ets>,
G. <ets>spalten</ets> to split, OHG. <ets>spaltan</ets>, MHG.
<ets>spelte</ets> a splinter, Icel. <ets>spjald</ets> a square
tablet, Goth. <ets>spilda</ets> a writing tablet. Cf.
<er>Spill</er>splinter, roll of paper, <er>Spell</er> to tell the
letters of.]</ety> <def>A spelk, or splinter.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Spell</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spelled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Spelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>spelian</ets> to supply another's place.]</ety> <def>To
supply the place of for a time; to take the turn of, at work; to
relieve; <as>as, to <ex>spell</ex> the helmsman</as>.</def>
<hw>Spell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The relief of one
person by another in any piece of work or wathing; also, a turn
at work which is carried on by one person or gang relieving
another; <as>as, a <ex>spell</ex>at the pumps; a <ex>spell</ex>
at the masthead</as>.</def>
<q>A <qex>spell</qex> at the wheel isc called a trick.</q>
<qau>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The time during which one person or gang works
until relieved; hence, any relatively short period of time,
whether a few hours, days, or weeks.</def>
<q>Nothing new hass happened in this quarter, except the setting
in of a severe <qex>spell</qex> of cold weather.</q>
<qau>Washington.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of two or more persons or gangs who work by
spells.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Their toil is so extreme that they can not endure it above
four hours in a day, but are succeeded by <qex>spells</qex>.</q>
<qau>Garew.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A gratuitous helping forward of another's work;
<as>as, a logging <ex>spell</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Spell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[AS.
<ets>spell</ets> a saying, tale, speech; akin to OS. & OHG.
<ets>spel</ets>, Icel. <ets>spjall</ets>,Goth. <ets>spill</ets>.
Cf. <er>Gospel</er>, <er>Spell</er> to tell the letters
of.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A story; a tale.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdHearken to my <xex>spell</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stanza, verse, or phrase supposed to be
endowed with magical power; an incantation; hence, any
charm.</def>
<q> Start not; her actions shall be holy as
You hear my <qex>spell</qex> is lawful.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Spell</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spelled</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr> or <er>Spelt</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>spellen</ets>,
<ets>spellien</ets>, tell, relate, AS. <ets>spellian</ets>, fr.
<ets>spell</ets> a saying, tale; akin to MHG. <ets>spellen</ets>
to relate, Goth. <ets>spill<?/n</ets>.e <er>Spell</er> a tale. In
sense 4 and those following, OE. <ets>spellen</ets>, perhaps
originally a different word, and from or influenced by
<ets>spell</ets> a splinter, from the use of a piece of wood to
point to the letters in schools: cf. D. <ets>spellen</ets> to
spell. Cf. <er>Spell</er> splinter.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
tell; to relate; to teach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Might I that legend find,
By fairies <qex>spelt</qex> in mystic rhymes.</q>
<qau>T. Warton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put under the influence of a spell; to affect
by a spell; to bewitch; to fascinate; to charm.</def>
\'bd<xex>Spelled</xex> with words of power.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>He was much <qex>spelled</qex> with Eleanor Talbot.</q>
<qau>Sir G. Buck.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To constitute; to measure.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The Saxon heptarchy, when seven kings put together did
<qex>spell</qex> but one in effect.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To tell or name in their proper order letters
of, as a word; to write or print in order the letters of, esp.
the proper letters; to form, as words, by correct
orthography.</def>
<q>The word \'bdsatire\'b8 ought to be <qex>spelled</qex> with
<it>i</it>, and not with <it>y</it>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To discover by characters or marks; to read with
difficulty; -- usually with <xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to
<ex>spell</ex> out the sense of an author; to <ex>spell</ex> out
a verse in the Bible.</as></def>
<q>To <qex>spell</qex> out a God in the works of creation.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<q>To sit <qex>spelling</qex> and observing divine justice upon
every accident.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Spell</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form words
with letters, esp. with the proper letters, either orally or in
writing.</def>
<q>When what small knowledge was, in them did dwell,
And he a god, who could but read or <qex>spell</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To study by noting characters; to gain knowledge
or learn the meaning of anything, by study.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Where I may sit and rightly <qex>spell</qex>
Of every star that heaven doth shew,
And every herb that sips the dew.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Spell"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being spelt.</def>
<au>Carlyle.</au>
<hw>Spell"bound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bound by,
or as by, a spell.</def>
<hw>Spell"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who spells.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spelling book.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Spell"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in
spells, or charms.</def>
<q>Here, while his eyes the learned leaves peruse,
Each <qex>spellful</qex> mystery explained he views.</q>
<qau>Hoole.</qau>
<hw>Spell"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of one who spells;
formation of words by letters; orthography.</def>
<hw>Spell"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to
spelling.</def>
<cs><col>Spelling bee</col>, <cd>a spelling match.</cd>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Spelling book</col>, <cd>a book with
exercises for teaching children to spell; a speller.</cd> --
<col>Spelling match</col>, <cd>a contest of skill in spelling
words, between two or more persons.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spell"ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
theater.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>Byron.</au>
<hw>Spell"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Power or
effect of magic; that which is wrought by magic;
enchantment.</def>
<q>Like those Peri isles of light
That hang by <qex>spellwork</qex> in the air.</q>
<qau>Moore.</qau>
<hw>Spelt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Spell</er>. Spelled.</def>
<hw>Spelt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>spelt</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>spelta</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of
grain (<spn>Triticum Spelta</spn>) much cultivated for food in
Germany and Switzerland; -- called also <altname>German
wheat</altname>.</def>
<hw>Spelt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Spalt</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Spelter.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Spelt</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Spell</er> a
splinter.]</ety> <def>To split; to break; to spalt.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>Spel"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG.
<ets>spialter</ets>, G. & D. <ets>spiauter</ets>. Cf.
<er>Pewter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Zinc; --
especially so called in commerce and arts.</def>
<hw>Spe*lunc"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spelunca</ets> cave.]</ety> <def>A cavern; a cave.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<hw>Spence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>despense</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82pense</ets>, buffet, buttery,
fr. OF. <ets>despendre</ets> to spend, distribute, L.
<ets>dispendere</ets>, <ets>dispensum</ets>. See
<er>Dispense</er>, <er>Spend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
place where provisions are kept; a buttery; a larder; a
pantry.</def>
<-- <mark>Chiefly Brit. dial. [MW10]</mark> -->
<q>In . . . his <qex>spence</qex>, or \'bdpantry\'b8 were hung
the carcasses of a sheep or ewe, and two cows lately
slaughtered.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<q>Bluff Harry broke into the <qex>spence</qex>,
And turned the cowls adrift.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The inner apartment of a country house; also,
the place where the family sit and eat.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Jamieson.</au>
<hw>Spen"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>despensier</ets>. See <er>Spence</er>, and cf.
<er>Dispenser</er>.]</ety> <def>One who has the care of the
spence, or buttery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Promptorium Parvulorum.</au>
<hw>Spen"cer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the third Earl
<ets>Spencer</ets>, who first wore it, or brought it into
fashion.]</ety> <def>A short jacket worn by men and by
women.</def>
<au>Ld. Lutton.</au>
<hw>Spen"cer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A
fore-and-aft sail, abaft the foremast or the mainmast, hoisted
upon a small supplementary mast and set with a gaff and no boom;
a trysail carried at the foremast or mainmast; -- named after its
inventor, Knight <xex>Spencer</xex>, of England [1802].</def>
<cs><col>Spencer mast</col>, <cd>a small mast just abaft the
foremast or mainmast, for hoisting the spencer.</cd> <au>R. H.
Dana, Jr.</au></cs>
<hw>Spend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spent</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Spending</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[AS. <ets>spendan</ets> (in comp.), fr. L.
<ets>expendere</ets> or <ets>dispendere</ets> to weigh out, to
expend, dispense. See <er>Pendant</er>, and cf. <er>Dispend</er>,
<er>Expend</er>, <er>Spence</er>, <er>Spencer</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To weigh or lay out; to dispose of; to part
with; <as>as, to <ex>spend</ex> money for clothing</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Spend</qex> thou that in the town.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Wherefore do ye <qex>spend</qex> money for that which is not
bread?</q>
<qau>Isa. lv. 2.</qau>
<-- p. 1383 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bestow; to employ; -- often with
<xex>on</xex> or <xex>upon</xex>.</def>
<q>I . . . am never loath
To <qex>spend</qex> my judgment.</q>
<qau>Herbert.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To consume; to waste; to squander; to exhaust;
<as>as, to <ex>spend</ex> an estate in gaming or other
vices</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To pass, as time; to suffer to pass away;
<as>as, to <ex>spend</ex> a day idly; to <ex>spend</ex> winter
abroad</as>.</def>
<q>We <qex>spend</qex> our years as a tale that is told.</q>
<qau>Ps. xc. 9.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To exhaust of force or strength; to waste; to
wear away; <as>as, the violence of the waves was
<ex>spent</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Their bodies <qex>spent</qex> with long labor and thirst.</q>
<qau>Knolles.</qau>
<hw>Spend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
expend money or any other possession; to consume, use, waste, or
part with, anything; <as>as, he who gets easily <ex>spends</ex>
freely</as>.</def>
<q>He <qex>spends</qex> as a person who knows that he must come
to a reckoning.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To waste or wear away; to be consumed; to lose
force or strength; to vanish; <as>as, energy <ex>spends</ex> in
the using of it</as>.</def>
<q>The sound <qex>spendeth</qex> and is dissipated in the open
air.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be diffused; to spread.</def>
<q>The vines that they use for wine are so often cut, that their
sap <qex>spendeth</qex> into the grapes.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To break ground; to continue
working.</def>
<hw>Spen"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
spends; esp., one who spends lavishly; a prodigal; a
spendthrift.</def>
<hw>Spend"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of expending;
expenditure.</def>
<cs><col>Spending money</col>, <cd>money set apart for extra (not
necessary) personal expenses; pocket money.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Spend"thrift`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
spends money profusely or improvidently; a prodigal; one who
lavishes or wastes his estate. Also used figuratively.</def>
<q>A woman who was a generous <qex>spendthrift</qex> of life.</q>
<qau>Mrs. R. H. Davis.</qau>
<hw>Spend"thrift</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Prodigal; extravagant;
wasteful.</def>
<hw>Spend"thrift`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Spendthrift; prodigal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Spen*se"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the English poet <ets>Spenser</ets>; --
specifically applied to the stanza used in his poem \'bdThe
Fa\'89rie Queene.\'b8</def>
<hw>Spent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Exhausted; worn out; having lost energy or motive
force.</def>
<q>Now thou seest me
<qex>Spent</qex>, overpowered, despairing of success.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>Heaps of <qex>spent</qex> arrows fall and strew the
ground.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Exhausted of spawn or
sperm; -- said especially of fishes.</def>
<cs><col>Spent ball</col>, <cd>a ball shot from a firearm, which
reaches an object without having sufficient force to penetrate
it.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sper</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sperre</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Spar</er> bar.]</ety> <def>To shut
in; to support; to inclose; to fasten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdTo <xex>sperre</xex> the gate.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Spe"ra*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spearabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>sperare</ets> to hope.]</ety>
<def>Within the range of hpe; proper to be hoped for.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sper"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sperable</er>.</def>
<hw>Sper"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Asperagus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sylvester.</au>
<hw>Spe"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>speratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>sperare</ets> to hope.]</ety>
<def>Hoped for, or to be hoped for.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bouvier.</au>
<hw>Spere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>spyrian</ets> to inquire, properly, to follow the track;
akin to D. <ets>speuren</ets>, G. <ets>sp\'81ren</ets>, Icel.
<ets>spyrja</ets>. <root/171. See Spoor.]</ety> <def>To search;
to pry; to ask; to inquire.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>speer</asp>,
<asp>speir</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Jamieson.</au>
<hw>Spere</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sphere</er>.]</ety>
<def>A sphere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sperge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Distilling)</fld> <def>A charge of wash for the
still.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Sper"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sparling</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A smelt; a sparling.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A young herring.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sperm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F.
<ets>sperme</ets>, L. <ets>sperma</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/,
<?/<?/<?/, from <?/<?/<?/<?/ to sow. Cf. <er>Spore</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The male fecundating fluid; semen. See
<er>Semen</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Sperm cell</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>one of the
cells from which the spermatozoids are developed.</cd> --
<col>Sperm morula</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<er>Spermosphere</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sperm</hw>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[Contr. fr.
<ets>spermaceti</ets>.]</ety> <def>Spermaceti.</def>
<cs><col>Sperm oil</col>, <cd>a fatty oil found as a liquid, with
spermaceti, in the head cavities of the sperm whale.</cd> --
<col>Sperm whale</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See in the
Vocabulary.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sper`ma*ce"ti</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sperma</ets> sperm + <ets>cetus</ets>,gen. <ets>ceti</ets>,
any large sea animal, a whale, Gr. <?/<?/<?/. See <er>Sperm</er>,
<er>Cetaceous</er>.]</ety> <def>A white waxy substance obtained
from cavities in the head of the sperm whale, and used making
candles, oilments, cosmetics, etc. It consists essentially of
ethereal salts of palmitic acid with ethal and other hydrocarbon
bases. The substance of spermaceti after the removal of certain
impurities is sometimes called <xex>cetin</xex>.</def>
<cs><col>Spermaceti whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
sperm whale.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sper"mal*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Spermist</er>.</def>
<hw>Sper"ma*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ sperm + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to bear.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part of the ovary from which the
ovules arise; the placenta.</def>
<hw>Sper"ma*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An organ in which spermatozoa are
developed; a sperm gland; a testicle.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sper`ma*the"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spermathec\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ seed + <?/<?/<?/<?/ case, or receptacle.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small sac connected with the female
reproductive organs of insects and many other invertebrates,
serving to receive and retain the spermatozoa.</def>
<hw>Sper*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spermaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F.
<ets>spermatique</ets>. See <er>Sperm</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to semen; <as>as, the
<ex>spermatic</ex> fluid, the <ex>spermatic</ex> vessels,
etc.</as></def>
<cs><col>Spermatic cord</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the cord
which suspends the testicle within the scrotum. It is made up of
a connective tissue sheath inclosing the spermatic duct and
accompanying vessels and nerves.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sper"mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Spermatic.</def>
<hw>Sper"ma*tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.
Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance allied to alkali albumin and to
mucin, present in semen, to which it is said to impart the
mucilaginous character.</def>
<hw>Sper"ma*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The emission of sperm, or semen.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sper*ma"ti*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spermatia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the motionless spermatozoids in the
conceptacles of certain fungi.</def>
<au>J. H. Balfour.</au>
<hw>Sper"ma*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Sperm</er>.]</ety> <def>To yield seed; to emit
seed, or sperm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sper"ma*to-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sper"mo-</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>. <def>Combining forms from Gr. <?/<?/<?/,
<?/<?/<?/, <xex>seed</xex>, <xex>sperm</xex>, <xex>semen</xex>
(of plants or animals); <as>as, <ex>spermato</ex>blast,
<ex>spermo</ex>blast</as>.</def>
<hw>Sper"ma*to*blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same
as <er>Spermoblast</er>.</def>
<hw>Sper"ma*to*cyte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spermato-</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a hollow
vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Spermoblast</er>.</def>
<hw>Sper`ma*to*gem"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Spermato-</er>, and <er>Gemma</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Spermosphere</er>.</def>
<hw>Sper`ma*to*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spermato-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The development of the
spermatozoids.</def>
<hw>Sper`ma*to*ge*net"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or connected with,
spermatogenesis; <as>as, <ex>spermatogenetic</ex>
function</as>.</def>
<hw>Sper`ma*tog"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spermato-</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Sperm-producing.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sper`ma*to*go"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, sperm + <?/<?/<?/
offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A primitive seminal
cell, occuring in masses in the seminal tubules. It divides into
a mass (spermosphere) of small cells (spermoblast), which in turn
give rise to spermatozoids.</def>
<hw>Sper"ma*toid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spermato-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Spermlike; resembling sperm, or
semen.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sper`ma*to"\'94n</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Spermatoa</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, seed + <?/<?/<?/ an egg.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A spermoblast.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sper`ma*to"al</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<au>Owen</au>.</wordforms>
<hw>Sper"ma*to*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spermato-</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to bear.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Spermospore</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A capsule or pocket
inclosing a number of spermatozoa. They are present in many
annelids, brachiopods, mollusks, and crustaceans. In cephalopods
the structure of the capsule is very complex.</def>
<hw>Sper`ma*toph"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Producing seed, or sperm;
seminiferous; <as>as, the so-called <ex>spermatophorous</ex>
cells</as>.</def>
<mhw>{<hw>Sper`ma*tor*rhe"a</hw>, <hw>Sper`ma*tor*rh\'d2"a</hw>,
<pr>(<?/)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, seed + <?/<?/<?/ to flow.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Abnormally frequent involuntary emission
of the semen without copulation.</def>
<hw>Sper"ma*to*spore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same
as <er>Spermospore</er>.</def>
<hw>Sper`ma*to*zo"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spermatozo\'94n</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ form.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The male germ cell in animals and plants,
the essential element in fertilization; a microscopic
animalcule-like particle, usually provided with one or more cilia
by which it is capable of active motion. In animals, the familiar
type is that of a small, more or less ovoid head, with a delicate
threadlike cilium, or tail. Called also
<altname>spermatozo\'94n</altname>. In plants the more usual term
is <stype>antherozoid</stype>.</def>
<hw>Sper`ma*to*zo"oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A spermatozoid.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sper`ma*to*zo"\'94n</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Spermatozoa</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, sperm + <?/<?/<?/ an animal.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Spermatozoid</er>.</def>
<hw>Sper"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to sperm, or semen.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sper*mid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spermidia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Nl., fr. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An
achenium.</def>
<hw>Sperm"ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>
<def>A believer in the doctrine, formerly current, of encasement
in the male (see <er>Encasement</er>), in which the seminal
thread, or spermatozoid, was considered as the real animal germ,
the head being the true animal head and the tail the body.</def>
<hw>Sper"mo*blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spermo-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>One of the cells formed by the
diivision of the spermospore, each of which is destined to become
a spermatozoid; a spermatocyte; a spermatoblast.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sper`mo*coc"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Spermo-</er>, and <er>Coccus</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The nucleus of the sperm cell.</def>
<hw>Sper"mo*derm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spermo-</ets> + <ets>derm</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>spermoderme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The
covering of a seed; -- sometimes limited to the outer coat or
testa.</def>
<au>Lindley.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sper`mo*go"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.; <ets>spermo-</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ offspring.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A conceptacle of certain lichens, which
contains spermatia.</def>
<hw>Sper*mol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ picking up seeds; <?/<?/<?/<?/ sperm, seed +
<?/<?/<?/<?/ to gather.]</ety> <def>One who treats of, or
collects, seeds.</def>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Sper"mo*phile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ a seed + <?/<?/<?/ loving, fond.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any ground squirrel of the genus
<spn>Spermophilus</spn>; gopher. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Gopher</er>.</def>
<hw>Sper"mo*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spermatophore.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sper*moph"y*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[Nl., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a seed + <?/<?/<?/ a plant.]</ety>
<def>Plants which produce seed; ph\'91nogamia. These plants
constitute the highest grand division of the vegetable
kingdom.</def>
<hw>Sper"mo*phyte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant which produces true seeds; -- a
term recently proposed to replace <xex>ph<ae/nogam</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sper`mo*phyt"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Capable of producing seeds;
ph<ae/nogamic.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sper`mo*plas"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Spermo-</er>, and <er>Plasma</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The protoplasm of the sperm
cell.</def>
<au>Haeckel.</au>
<hw>Sper"mo*sphere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spermo-</ets> + <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A mass or ball of cells formed by the
repeated division of a male germinal cell (spermospore), each
constituent cell (spermoblast) of which is converted into a
spermatozoid; a spermatogemma.</def>
<hw>Sper"mo*spore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spermo-</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The male germinal or seminal cell,
from the breaking up of which the spermoblasts are formed and
ultimately the spermatozoids; a spermatospore.</def>
<au>Balfour.</au>
<hw>Sper"mule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. fr.
<ets>sperm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A sperm
cell.</def>
<au>Haeckel.</au>
<hw>Sperm" whale`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
very large toothed whale (<spn>Physeter macrocephalus</spn>),
having a head of enormous size. The upper jaw is destitute of
teeth. In the upper part of the head, above the skull, there is a
large cavity, or case, filled with oil and spermaceti. This whale
sometimes grows to the length of more than eighty feet. It is
found in the warmer parts of all the oceans. Called also
<altname>cachalot</altname>, and <altname>spermaceti
whale</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>Pygmy sperm whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
small whale (<spn>Kogia breviceps</spn>), seldom twenty feet
long, native of tropical seas, but occasionally found on the
American coast. Called also <altname>snub-nosed
cachalot</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sperm-whale porpoise</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a toothed cetacean (<spn>Hypero\'94don
bidens</spn>), found on both sides of the Atlantic and valued for
its oil. The adult becomes about twenty-five feet long, and its
head is very large and thick. Called also <altname>bottle-nosed
whale</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sper"ry*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[Named
after F. L. <ets>Sperry</ets>, who discovered it.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An arsenide of platinum occuring in grains
and minute isometric crystals of tin-white color. It is found
near Sudbury, Ontario Canada, and is the only known compound of
platinum occuring in nature.</def>
<hw>Sperse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
disperse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Spes"sart*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[From
<ets>Spessart</ets>, in Germany.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A
manganesian variety of garnet.</def>
<hw>Spet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sp<?/tan</ets>. See <er>Spit</er>.]</ety> <def>To spit; to
throw out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spet</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Spittle.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spetch"es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>Parings
and refuse of hides, skins, etc., from which glue is made.</def>
<hw>Spew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spewed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr.& vb. n.</pos> <er>Spewing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>spewen</ets>, <ets>speowen</ets>, AS.
<ets>sp\'c6wan</ets>;n to D. <ets>spuwen</ets> to spit. OS & OHG.
<ets>sp\'c6wan</ets>, G. <ets>speien</ets>, Icel.
<ets>sp<?/ja</ets> to spew, Sw. <ets>spy</ets>, Dan.
<ets>spye</ets>, Goth. <ets>spiewan</ets>, th.
<ets>spjauti</ets>, L. <ets>spuere</ets> to split, Gr. <?/<?/<?/,
Skr. <ets>shtiv</ets>, <ets>shth\'c6v</ets>. Cf. <er>Pyke</er>,
<er>Spit</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>spue</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To eject from the
stomach; to vomit.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cast forth with abhorrence or disgust; to
eject.</def>
<q>Because thou art lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I will
<qex>spew</qex> thee out of my mouth.</q>
<qau>Rev. ii. 16.</qau>
<hw>Spew</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To vomit.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To eject seed, as wet land swollen with
frost.</def>
<hw>Spew</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is vomited;
vomit.</def>
<hw>Spew"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
spews.</def>
<hw>Spew"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
of being spewy.</def>
<hw>Spew"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wet; soggy;
inclined to spew.</def>
<hw>Sphac"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/: cf. F. <ets>sphac\'8ale</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Gangrene.</def>
<hw>Spac"e*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sphacelated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sphacelating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[NL.
<ets>sphacelare</ets>, <ets>sphacelatum</ets>, mortify: cf. F.
<ets>sphac\'82ler</ets>. See <er>Sphacelus</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To die, decay, or become gangrenous, as
flesh or bone; to mortify.</def>
<hw>Sphac"e*late</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To
affect with gangrene.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sphac"e*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sphac"e*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Affected with gangrene; mortified.</def>
<-- p. 1384 -->
<hw>Sphac`e*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The process of becoming or making
gangrenous; mortification.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sphac"e*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Gangrenous
part; gangrene; slough.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sph\'91*ren"chy*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ sphere + <ets>-enchyma</ets> as in
<ets>parenchima</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Vegetable
tissue composed of thin-walled rounded cells, -- a modification
of parenchyma.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sph\'91*rid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Sph\'91ridia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a sphere.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
peculiar sense organ found upon the exterior of most kinds of sea
urchins, and consisting of an oval or sherical head surmounting a
short pedicel. It is generally supposed to be an olfactory
organ.</def>
<hw>Sph\'91"ro*spore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ sphere + E. <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the nonsexual spores found in red
alg\'91; a tetraspore.</def>
<hw>Sph\'91r"u*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Spherulite</er>.</def>
<hw>Sphag*nic"o*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sphagnum</ets> + L. <ets>colere</ets> to
inhabit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing in moss of the
genus <spn>Sphagnum</spn>.</def>
<hw>Sphag"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Pertaining to moss of the genus <spn>Sphagnum</spn>, or bog
moss; abounding in peat or bog moss.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sphag"num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr/
Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a kind of moss.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
genus of mosses having white leaves slightly tinged with red or
green and found growing in marshy places; bog moss; peat
moss.</def>
<hw>Sphal"er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ slippery, uncertain. See <er>Blende</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Zinc sulphide; -- called also
<altname>blende</altname>, <altname>black-jack</altname>,
<altname>false galena</altname>, etc. See <er>Blende</er>
<sd>(a)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Sphene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sph\'8ane</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a wedge.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral found usually in thin,
wedge-shaped crystals of a yellow or green to black color. It is
a silicate of titanium and calcium; titanite.</def>
<hw>Sphe*neth"moid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sphen</ets>oid + <ets>ethmoid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both the sphenoidal
and the ethmoidal regions of the skull, or the sphenethmoid bone;
sphenethmoidal.</def>
<cs><col>Sphenethmoid bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a bone
of the skull which surrounds the anterior end of the brain in
many amphibia; the girdle bone.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sphe*neth"moid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>The sphenethmoid bone.</def>
<hw>Sphe`neth*moid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Relating to the sphenoethmoid bone;
sphenoethmoid.</def>
<hw>Sphe*nis"can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of penguin.</def>
<hw>Sphe"no-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form used in
anatomy to indicate <xex>connection with</xex>, or <xex>relation
to</xex>, <xex>the sphenoid bone</xex>; as in
<xex>spheno</xex>maxillary, <xex>spheno</xex>palatine.</def>
<hw>Sphe"no*don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a wedge + <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a tooth.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hatteria</er>.</def>
<hw>Sphe"no*eth*moid`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Sphenethmoid.</def>
<hw>Sphe"no*gram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a wedge + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cuneiform, or
arrow-headed, character.</def>
<hw>Sphe*nog"ra*pher</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One skilled in
sphenography; a sphenographist.</def>
<hw>Sphe`no*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to sphenography.</def>
<hw>Sphe*nog"ra*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sphenographer.</def>
<hw>Sphe*nog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a wedge + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of
writing in cuneiform characters, or of deciphering inscriptions
made in such characters.</def>
<hw>Sphe"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/ a wedge + <?/<?/<?/ form: cf. F.
<ets>sph\'82no\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wedge-shaped;
<as>as, a <ex>sphenoid</ex> crystal</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
sphenoid bone.</def>
<cs><col>Sphenoid bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>an
irregularly shaped bone in front of the occipital in the base of
the skull of the higher vertebrates. It is composed of several
fetal bones which become united the adult. See
<er>Alisphenoid</er>, <er>Basisphenoid</er>,
<er>Orbitosphenoid</er>, <er>Presphenoid</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sphe"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A wedge-shaped crystal bounded by
four equal isosceles triangles. It is the hemihedral form of a
square pyramid.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The sphenoid bone.</def>
<hw>Sphe*noid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Sphenoid.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Crystalloq.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or
resembling, a sphenoid.</def>
<hw>Sphe*not"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spheno-</ets> + <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, the ear.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, the
sphenotic bone.</def>
<cs><col>Sphenotic bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a bone on
the anterior side of the auditory capsule of many fishes, and
connected with, or adjoining, the sphenoid bone.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sphe*not"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The
sphenotic bone.</def>
<hw>Spher"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of
or pertaining to a sphere or the spheres.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rounded like a sphere; sphere-shaped; hence,
symmetrical; complete; perfect.</def>
<hw>Sphere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>spere</ets>, OF. <ets>espere</ets>, F. <ets>sph\'8are</ets>,
L. <ets>sphaera</ets>,. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a sphere, a ball.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A body or space contained
under a single surface, which in every part is equally distant
from a point within called its <xex>center</xex>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, any globe or globular body, especially a
celestial one, as the sun, a planet, or the earth.</def>
<q>Of celestial bodies, first the sun,
A mighty <qex>sphere</qex>, he framed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The apparent
surface of the heavens, which is assumed to be spherical and
everywhere equally distant, in which the heavenly bodies appear
to have their places, and on which the various astronomical
circles, as of right ascension and declination, the equator,
ecliptic, etc., are conceived to be drawn; an ideal geometrical
sphere, with the astronomical and geographical circles in their
proper positions on it.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In ancient
astronomy, one of the concentric and eccentric revolving
spherical transparent shells in which the stars, sun, planets,
and moon were supposed to be set, and by which they were carried,
in such a manner as to produce their apparent motions.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The extension of a general
conception, or the totality of the individuals or species to
which it may be applied.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Circuit or range of action, knowledge, or
influence; compass; province; employment; place of
existence.</def>
<q>To be called into a huge <qex>sphere</qex>, and not to be seen
to move in 't.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity, and
inclosing her in a <qex>sphere</qex> by herself.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<q>Each in his hidden <qex>sphere</qex> of joy or woe
Our hermit spirits dwell.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Rank; order of society; social positions.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>An orbit, as of a star; a socket.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><mcol><col>Armillary sphere</col>, <col>Crystalline
sphere</col>, <col>Oblique sphere</col></mcol>,. <cd>See under
<er>Armillary</er>, <er>Crystalline</er>,.</cd> -- <col>Doctrine
of the sphere</col>, <cd>applications of the principles of
spherical trigonometry to the properties and relations of the
circles of the sphere, and the problems connected with them, in
astronomy and geography, as to the latitudes and longitudes,
distance and bearing, of places on the earth, and the right
ascension and declination, altitude and azimuth, rising and
setting, etc., of the heavenly bodies; spherical geometry.</cd>
-- <col>Music of the spheres</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Music</er>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Globe; orb; circle. See <er>Globe</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sphere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sphered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sphering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To place in a
sphere, or among the spheres; to insphere.</def>
<q>The glorious planet Sol
In noble eminence enthroned and <qex>sphered</qex>
Amidst the other.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form into roundness; to make spherical, or
spheral; to perfect.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spher"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spher"ic</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sphaericus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/: cf. F.
<ets>sph\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the form
of a sphere; like a sphere; globular; orbicular; <as>as, a
<ex>spherical</ex> body</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a sphere.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the heavenly orbs, or to the
sphere or spheres in which, according to ancient astronomy and
astrology, they were set.</def>
<q>Knaves, thieves, and treachers by <qex>spherical</qex>
predominance.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Though the stars were suns, and overburned
Their <qex>spheric</qex> limitations.</q>
<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>Spherical angle</col>, <col>Spherical
co\'94rdinate</col>, <col>Spherical excess</col></mcol>, <cd>etc.
See under <er>Angle</er>, <er>Coordinate</er>, etc.</cd> --
<col>Spherical geometry</col>, <cd>that branch of geometry which
treats of spherical magnitudes; the doctrine of the sphere,
especially of the circles described on its surface.</cd> --
<col>Spherical harmonic analysis</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Harmonic</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>Spherical
lune</col>,<cd>portion of the surface of a sphere included
between two great semicircles having a common diameter.</cd> --
<col>Spherical opening</col>, <cd>the magnitude of a solid angle.
It is measured by the portion within the solid angle of the
surface of any sphere whose center is the angular point.</cd> --
<col>Spherical polygon</col>,<cd>portion of the surface of a
sphere bounded by the arcs of three or more great circles.</cd>
-- <col>Spherical projection</col>, <cd>the projection of the
circles of the sphere upon a plane. See <er>Projection</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Spherical sector</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Sector</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spherical segment</col>, <cd>the
segment of a sphere. See under <er>Segment</er>.</cd> --
<col>Spherical triangle</col>,<cd>re on the surface of a sphere,
bounded by the arcs of three great circles which intersect each
other.</cd> -- <col>Spherical trigonometry</col>. <cd>See
<er>Trigonometry</er>.</cd></cs>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spher"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Spher"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sphe*ric"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sph\'82ricit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of
being spherial; roundness; <as>as, the <ex>sphericity</ex> of the
planets, or of a drop of water</as>.</def>
<hw>Spher"i*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small
sphere.</def>
<hw>Spher"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Math.)</fld>
<def>The doctrine of the sphere; the science of the properties
and relations of the circles, figures, and other magnitudes of a
sphere, produced by planes intersecting it; spherical geometry
and trigonometry.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sphe`ro*bac*te"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>;
<sing>sing. <singw>Spherobacterium</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>.
<ety>[NL. See <er>Sphere</er>, <er>and Bacterium</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See the Note under
<er>Microbacteria</er>.</def>
<hw>Sphe`ro*con"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A nonplane curve formed by the
intersection of the surface of an oblique cone with the surface
of a sphere whose center is at the vertex of the cone.</def>
<hw>Spher"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sphere</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An
instrument for facilitating the practical use of spherics in
navigation and astronomy, being constructed of two cardboards
containing various circles, and turning upon each other in such a
manner that any possible spherical triangle may be readily found,
and the measures of the parts read off by inspection.</def>
<hw>Sphe"roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spheroides</ets> ball-like, spherical, Gr. <?/<?/<?/;
<?/<?/<?/<?/ sphere + <?/<?/<?/ form: cf. F.
<ets>sph\'82ro\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>A body or figure
approaching to a sphere, but not perfectly spherical; esp., a
solid generated by the revolution of an ellipse about one of its
axes.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Oblate spheroid</col>, <col>Prolate
spheroid</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Oblate</er>,
<er>Prolate</er>, and <er>Ellipsoid</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sphe*roid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sph\'82ro\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a
spheroid.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sphe*roid"al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<cs><col>Spheroidal state</col> <fld>(Physics.)</fld>, <cd>the
state of a liquid, as water, when, on being thrown on a surface
of highly heated metal, it rolls about in spheroidal drops or
masses, at a temperature several degrees below ebullition, and
without actual contact with the heated surface, -- a phenomenon
due to the repulsive force of heat, the intervention of a cushion
of nonconducting vapor, and the cooling effect of
evaporation.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sphe*roid"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sphe*roid"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>See <er>Spheroidal</er>.</def>
<au>Cheyne.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sphe`roi*dic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sphe*roid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being spheroidal.</def>
<hw>Sphe"ro*mere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sphere</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of the several symmetrical
segments arranged around the central axis and composing the body
of a radiate anmal.</def>
<hw>Sphe*rom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sphere</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sph\'82rom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An
instrument for measuring the curvature of spherical surface, as
of lenses for telescope, etc.</def>
<hw>Spher`o*sid"er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sphere</ets> + <ets>siderite</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Siderite occuring in spheroidal
masses.</def>
<hw>Sphe"ro*some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sphere</ets> + <ets>-some</ets> body.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The body wall of any radiate
animal.</def>
<hw>Spher"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered or
set with spherules; having one or more rows of spherules, or
minute tubercles.</def>
<hw>Spher"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spherula</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sph\'82rule</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
little sphere or spherical body; <as>as, quicksilver, when poured
upon a plane, divides itself into a great number of minute
<ex>spherules</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Spher"u*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sph\'82rulite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A minute
spherical crystalline body having a radiated structure, observed
in some vitreous volcanic rocks, as obsidian and
pearlstone.</def>
<hw>Spher`u*lit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a spherulite; characterized by the presence of
spherulites.</def>
<hw>Spher"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Round; spherical; starlike.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bdHermia's <xex>sphery</xex> eyne.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the spheres.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>She can teach ye how to climb
Higher than the <qex>sphery</qex> chime.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sphex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[NL., fr. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a wasp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of sand wasps of the genus
<spn>Sphex</spn> and allied genera. These wasps have the abdomen
attached to the thorax by a slender pedicel. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <cref>Sand wasp</cref>, under
<er>Sand</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Sphex fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
numerous species of small dipterous flies of the genus
<spn>Conops</spn> and allied genera. The form of the body is
similar to that of a sphex.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sphig*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sphygmometer</er>.</def>
<hw>Sphinc"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
<?/<?/<?/ to bind tight.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle
which surrounds, and by its contraction tends to close, a natural
opening; <as>as, the <ex>sphincter</ex> of the
bladder</as>.</def>
<hw>Sphinc"ter</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of,
pertaining to, or designating, a sphincter; <as>as, a
<ex>sphincter</ex> muscle</as>.</def>
<hw>Sphin"gid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sphinx.</def>
<hw>Sphin"gid</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a
sphinx, or the family <spn>Sphingid\'91</spn>.</def>
<hw>Sphinx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., from Gr.
<grk>sfi`gx</grk>, usually derived from <grk>sfi`ggein</grk> to
bind tight or together, as if the Throttler.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>In Egyptian art, an image of granite or
porphyry, having a human head, or the head of a ram or of a hawk,
upon the wingless body of a lion.</def>
<-- ETY sic.? something missing? -->
<q>The awful ruins of the days of old . . .
Or jasper tomb, or mutilated <qex>sphinx</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shelley.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>On Greek art and mythology, a she-monster,
usually represented as having the winged body of a lion, and the
face and breast of a young woman</def>. <note>The most famous
Grecian sphinx, that of Thebes in B<oe/otia, is said to have
proposed a riddle to the Thebans, and killed those who were
unable to guess it. The enigma was solved by <OE/dipus, whereupon
the sphinx slew herself.</note> \'bdSubtle as
<xex>sphinx</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: A person of enigmatical character and
purposes, especially in politics and diplomacy.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of large moths of the family <spn>Sphingid\'91</spn>; --
called also <altname>hawk moth</altname>.</def>
<note><hand/ The larva is a stout naked caterpillar which, when
at rest, often assumes a position suggesting the Egyptian sphinx,
whence the name.</note>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Guinea, or sphinx,
baboon (<spn>Cynocephalus sphinx</spn>).</def>
<cs><col>Sphinx baboon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large
West African baboon (<spn>Cynocephalus sphinx</spn>), often kept
in menageries.</cd> -- <col>Sphinx moth</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Sphinx</er>, 3.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sphrag"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>sphragis</ets>, <ets>-idis</ets>, Lemnian earth, fr. Gr.
<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a seal; -- so called because sold in sealed
packets.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Lemnian earth.</def>
<hw>Sphra*gis"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ of or for sealing, fr. <?/<?/<?/ a seal.]</ety>
<def>The science of seals, their history, age, distinctions,
etc., esp. as verifying the age and genuiness of documents.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sphri*go"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to be full of strength.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A condition of vegetation in which there
is too abundant growth of the stem and leaves, accompanied by
deficiency of flowers and fruit.</def>
<hw>Sphyg"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ the pulse.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to the pulse.</def>
<hw>Sphyg"mo*gram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ pulse + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A tracing, called a pulse tracing,
consisting of a series of curves corresponding with the beats of
the heart, obtained by the application of the sphygmograph.</def>
<hw>Sphyg"mo*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ the pulse + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument which, when applied over
an artery, indicates graphically the movements or character of
the pulse. See <er>Sphygmogram</er>.</def>
<hw>Sphyg`mo*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Phusiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or produced by, a
sphygmograph; <as>as, a <ex>sphygmographic</ex>
tracing</as>.</def>
<-- p. 1385 -->
<hw>Sphyg*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ pulse + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the
strength of the pulse beat; a sphygmograph.</def>
<hw>Sphyg"mo*phone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ the pulse + <?/<?/<?/ sound.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An electrical instrument for
determining by the ear the rhythm of the pulse of a person at a
distance.</def>
<hw>Sphyg"mo*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ the pulse + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Sphygmograph</er>.</def>
<hw>Sphy*r\'91"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>sphyraena</ets> a kind of sea fish (Gr.
<grk>sfy`raina</grk>) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
<spn>Sphyr\'91nid\'91</spn>, a family of marine fishes including
the barracudas.</def>
<hw>Spi"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A spy; a
scout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>\'d8Spi"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spic\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., an ear, as of
corn.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of bandage
passing, by successive turns and crosses, from an extremity to
the trunk; -- so called from its resemblance to a spike of a
barley.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A star of the first
magnitude situated in the constellation Virgo.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spi"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spi"ca*ted</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>spicatus</ets>,
p. p. of <ets>spicare</ets> furnish with spikes, or ears, fr.
<ets>spica</ets> a spike, or ear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having the form of a spike, or ear; arranged in a spike or
spikes.</def>
<au>Lee.</au>
<hw>\'d8Spic*ca"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It., p.
p. of <ets>spicare</ets> to detach, to separate.]</ety>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Detached; separated; -- a term indicating
that every note is to be performed in a distinct and pointed
manner.</def>
<hw>Spice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>spice</ets>, <ets>spece</ets>, spice, species, OF.
<ets>espice</ets>, <ets>espece</ets>, F. <ets>\'82pice</ets>
spice, <ets>esp\'8ace</ets> species, fr. L. <ets>species</ets>
particular sort or kind, a species, a sight, appearance, show,
LL., spices, drugs, etc., of the same sort, fr. L.
<ets>specere</ets> to look. See <er>Spy</er>, and cf.
<er>Species</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Species; kind.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>spices</qex> of penance ben three.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Abstain you from all evil <qex>spice</qex>.</q>
<qau>Wyclif (1. Thess,v. 22).</qau>
<q>Justice, although it be but one entire virtue, yet is
described in two kinds of <qex>spices</qex>. The one is named
justice distributive, the other is called commutative.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Elyot.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vegetable production of many kinds, fragrant
or aromatic and pungent to the taste, as pepper, cinnamon,
nutmeg, mace, allspice, ginger, cloves, etc., which are used in
cookery and to flavor sauces, pickles, etc.</def>
<q>Hast thou aught in thy purse [bag] any hot
<qex>spices</qex>?</q>
<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Figuratively, that which enriches or alters the
quality of a thing in a small degree, as spice alters the taste
of food; that which gives zest or pungency; a slight flavoring; a
relish; hence, a small quantity or admixture; a sprinkling;
<as>as, a <ex>spice</ex> of mischief</as>.</def>
<q>So much of the will, with a <qex>spice</qex> of the
willful.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Spice</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spiced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. p. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spicing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
season with spice, or as with spice; to mix aromatic or pungent
substances with; to flavor; to season; <as>as, to <ex>spice</ex>
wine; to <ex>spice</ex> one's words with wit</as>.</def>
<q>She 'll receive thee, but will <qex>spice</qex> thy bread
With flowery poisons.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill or impregnate with the odor of
spices.</def>
<q>In the <qex>spiced</qex> Indian air, by night.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To render nice or dainty; hence, to render
scrupulous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>spiced</xex>
conscience.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Spice"bush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Spicewood.</def>
<hw>Spice"nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A small crisp cake, highly
spiced.</def>
<hw>Spi"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>espicier</ets>, F. <ets>\'82picier</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who seasons with spice.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who deals in spice.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<hw>Spi"cer*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>espicerie</ets>, F. <ets>\'82picerie</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Spices, in general.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A repository of spices.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Spice"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American shrub (<spn>Lindera
Benzoin</spn>), the bark of which has a spicy taste and odor; --
called also <altname>Benjamin</altname>, <altname>wild
allspice</altname>, and <altname>fever bush</altname>.</def>
<hw>Spi*cif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spicifer</ets> bearing spikes, or ears; <ets>spica</ets> ear
+ <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing ears, or spikes;
spicate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Spi"ci*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spica</ets> a spike, ear + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Spike-shaped.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Spi"ci*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a spicy manner.</def>
<hw>Spi"ci*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being spicy.</def>
<hw>Spick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw.
<ets>spik</ets>. See <er>Spike</er> a nail.]</ety> <def>A spike
or nail.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<cs><col>Spick and span</col>, <cd>quite new; that is, as new as
a spike or nail just made and a chip just split; brand-new; as, a
<xex>spick and span<xex> novelty. See
<er>Span-new</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- now hypehnated, and more commonly meaning spotlessly clean
-->
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Spick"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. from
<ets>spike nail</ets> a large, long nail; -- so called in
allusion to the shape of its capillary leaves.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous herb (<spn>Meum
Athamanticum</spn>) having finely divided leaves, common in
Europe; -- called also <altname>baldmoney</altname>,
<altname>mew</altname>, and <altname>bearwort</altname>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>spignel</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Spi*cose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spica</ets> a spike, or ear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having spikes, or ears, like corn spikes.</def>
<hw>Spi*cos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
of having, or being full of, ears like corn.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Spi"cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Spicose</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spic"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spicul\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L.
<ets>spica</ets> a spike, ear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A little spike; a spikelet.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>A pointed fleshy appendage.</def>
<hw>Spic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spiculum</ets> a dart: cf. F. <ets>spiculaire</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Resembling a dart; having sharp points.</def>
<hw>Spic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spiculatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>spiculare</ets> to sharpen,
to point, fr. <ets>spiculum</ets> a dart.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Covered with, or having, spicules.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with minute
spicul\'91, or pointed fleshy appendages; divided into small
spikelets.</def>
<hw>Spic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
sharpen to a point.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdWith
<xex>spiculated</xex> paling.\'b8
<au>Mason.</au>
<hw>Spic"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spiculum</ets> a little point, a dart.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A minute, slender granule, or point.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Spicula</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small calcareous or
siliceous body found in the tissues of various invertebrate
animals, especially in sponges and in most Alcyonaria.</def>
<note><hand/ Spicules vary exceedingly in size and shape, and
some of those found in siliceous sponges are very complex in
structure and elegant in form. They are of great use in
classification.</note>
<q><qex>Description of the Illustration</qex>:</q>
<q><qex>a</qex> Acerate; <qex>b</qex> Tricurvate, <qex>or</qex>
Bowshaped; <qex>c d</qex> Hamate; <qex>e</qex> Broomshaped;
<qex>f</qex> Scepterellate; <qex>g</qex> Spinispirulate;
<qex>h</qex> Inequi-anchorate; <qex>i</qex> Sexradiate;
<qex>j</qex> A Trichite Sheaf; <qex>k</qex> Six-rayed Capitate;
<qex>l</qex> Rosette of <qex>Esperia</qex>; <qex>m</qex>
Equi-anchorate.</q>
<hw>Spi*cu"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the shape of a spicule.</def>
<hw>Spic`u*lig"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spiculum + -genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Producing or containing spicules.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spic`u*li*spon"gi*\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.
pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division
of sponges including those which have independent siliceous
spicules.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spic"u*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spicula</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a little
point.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Spicule</er>.</def>
<hw>Spi"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Spicier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Spiciest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Spice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Flavored with, or
containing, spice or spices; fragrant; aromatic; <as>as,
<ex>spicy</ex> breezes</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>spicy</xex>
nut-brown ale.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>Led by new stars, and borne by <qex>spicy</qex> gales.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Producing, or abounding with, spices.</def>
<q>In hot Ceylon <qex>spicy</qex> forests grew.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Piquant; racy; <as>as, a <ex>spicy</ex>
debate</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Aromatic; fragrant; smart; pungent; pointed; keen.
See <er>Racy</er>.</syn>
<hw>Spi"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE.
<ets>spi<?/re</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>spinnan</ets> to spin; -- so
named from spinning its web; cf. D. <ets>spin</ets> a spider, G.
<ets>spinne</ets>, Sw. <ets>spindel</ets>. Seee
<er>Spin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
one of numerous species of arachnids comprising the order
Araneina. Spiders have the mandibles converted into poison fangs,
or falcers. The abdomen is large and not segmented, with two or
three pairs of spinnerets near the end, by means of which they
spin threads of silk to form cocoons, or nests, to protect their
eggs and young. Many species spin also complex webs to entrap the
insects upon which they prey. The eyes are usually eight in
number (rarely six), and are situated on the back of the
cephalothorax. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Araneina</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ Spiders are divided into two principal groups: the
Dipneumona, having two lungs: and the Tetrapneumona, having four
lungs. See <er>Mygale</er>. The former group includes several
tribes; as, the jumping spiders (see <er>Saltigrad\'91</er>), the
wolf spiders, or <spn>Citigrad\'91</spn> (see under
<er>Wolf</er>), the crab spiders, or <spn>Laterigrad\'91</spn>
(see under <er>Crab</er>), the garden, or geometric, spiders, or
<spn>Orbitell\'91</spn> (see under <er>Geometrical</er>, and
<er>Garden</er>), and others. See <cref>Bird spider</cref>, under
<er>Bird</er>, <cref>Grass spider</cref>, under <er>Grass</er>,
<cref>House spider</cref>, under <er>House</er>, <cref>Silk
spider</cref>, under <er>Silk</er>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of various other
arachnids resembling the true spiders, especially certain mites,
as the red spider (see under <er>Red</er>).</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An iron pan with a long handle, used as a
kitchen utensil in frying food. Originally, it had long legs, and
was used over coals on the hearth.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A trevet to support pans or pots over a
fire.</def><-- = trivet -->
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A skeleton, or frame, having
radiating arms or members, often connected by crosspieces; as, a
casting forming the hub and spokes to which the rim of a fly
wheel or large gear is bolted; the body of a piston head; a frame
for strengthening a core or mold for a casting, etc.</def>
<cs><col>Spider ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<cref>Solitary ant</cref>, under <er>Solitary</er>.</cd> --
<col>Spider crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
numerous species of maioid crabs having a more or less triangular
body and ten long legs. Some of the species grow to great size,
as the great Japanese spider crab (<spn>Macrocheira
Kempferi</spn>), measuring sometimes more than fifteen feet
across the legs when they are extended.</cd> -- <col>Spider
fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species
of parasitic dipterous insects of the family
<spn>Hippoboscid\'91</spn>. They are mostly destitute of wings,
and live among the feathers of birds and the hair of bats. Called
also <altname>bird tick</altname>, and <altname>bat
tick</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Spider hunter</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of East
Indian sunbirds of the genus <spn>Arachnothera</spn>.</cd> --
<col>Spider lines</col>, <cd>filaments of a spider's web crossing
the field of vision in optical instruments; -- used for
determining the exact position of objects and making delicate
measurements. Fine wires, silk fibers, or lines on glass
similarly placed, are called <xex>spider lines<xex>.</cd> --
<col>Spider mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>Any one of several species of parasitic mites of the genus
<spn>Argas</spn> and allied genera</cd>. See <er>Argas</er>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any one of numerous small mites injurious to
plants.</cd> -- <col>Spider monkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>any one of numerous species of South American monkeys of the
genus <spn>Ateles</spn>, having very long legs and a long
prehensile tail.</cd> -- <col>Spider orchis</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a European orchidaceous plant (<spn>Ophrys
aranifera</spn>), having flowers which resemble spiders.</cd> --
<col>Spider shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any shell of
the genus <spn>Pteroceras</spn>. See
<er>Pteroceras</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spi"dered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Infested by
spiders; cobwebbed.</def>
<au>Wolcott.</au>
<hw>Spi"der*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a
spider.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spi"der web"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/ <hw>Spi"der's
web"</hw> }</mhw>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The silken web
which is formed by most kinds of spiders, particularly the web
spun to entrap their prey. See <cref>Geometric spider</cref>,
<cref>Triangle spider</cref>, under <er>Geometric</er>, and
<er>Triangle</er>.</def><-- = cobweb -->
<hw>Spi"der*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American endogenous plant
(<spn>Tradescantia Virginica</spn>), with long linear leaves and
ephemeral blue flowers. The name is sometimes extended to other
species of the same genus.</def>
<hw>Spied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Spy</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spie"gel*el`sen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>spiegel</ets> mirror + <ets>eisen</ets> iron.]</ety>
<def>See <er>Spiegel iron</er>.</def>
<hw>Spie"gel i`ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[G. <ets>spiegel</ets>
mirror + E. <ets>iron</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A
fusible white cast iron containing a large amount of carbon (from
three and a half to six per cent) and some manganese. When the
manganese reaches twenty-five per cent and upwards it has a
granular structure, and constitutes the alloy <xex>ferro
manganese</xex>, largely used in the manufacture of Bessemer
steel. Called also <altname>specular pig iron</altname>,
<altname>spiegel</altname>, and
<altname>spiegeleisen</altname>.</def>
<hw>Spight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos>
<def>Spite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Spight</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woodpecker. See
<er>Speight</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spig"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Spickenel</er>.</def>
<hw>Spig"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted fr.
<ets>spikenard</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aromatic
plant of America. See <er>Spikenard</er>.</def>
<hw>Spig"ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<ets>spick</ets>,or <ets>spike</ets>; cf. Ir. & Gael.
<ets>spiocaid</ets> a spigot, Ir. <ets>spice</ets> a spike. See
<er>Spike</er>.]</ety> <def>A pin or peg used to stop the vent in
a cask; also, the plug of a faucet or cock.</def>
<cs><col>Spigot and faucet joint</col>, <cd>a joint for uniting
pipes, formed by the insertion of the end of one pipe, or pipe
fitting, into a socket at the end of another.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spi*gur"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eng.
Law)</fld> <def>Formerly the title of the sealer of writs in
chancery.</def>
<au>Mozley & W.</au>
<hw>Spike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to LG.
<ets>spiker</ets>, <ets>spieker</ets>, a large nail, D.
<ets>spijker</ets>, Sw. <ets>spik</ets>, Dan. <ets>spiger</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sp\'c6k</ets>; all perhaps from L. <ets>spica</ets> a
point, an ear of grain; but in the sense of nail more likely akin
to E. <ets>spoke</ets> of a wheel. Cf. <er>Spine</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sort of very large nail; also, a piece of
pointed iron set with points upward or outward.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything resembling such a nail in shape.</def>
<q>He wears on his head the <qex>corona radiata</qex> . . . ; the
<qex>spikes</qex> that shoot out represent the rays of the
sun.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An ear of corn or grain.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of flower cluster in
which sessile flowers are arranged on an unbranched elongated
axis.</def>
<cs><col>Spike grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>either of two
tall perennial American grasses (<spn>Uniola paniculata</spn>,
and <spn>U. latifolia</spn>) having broad leaves and large
flattened spikelets.</cd> -- <col>Spike rush</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Rush</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spike
shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any pteropod of the genus
<spn>Styliola</spn> having a slender conical shell.</cd> --
<col>Spike team</col>, <cd>three horses, or a horse and a yoke of
oxen, harnessed together, a horse leading the oxen or the
span.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Spike</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spiked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spiking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fasten with
spikes, or long, large nails; <as>as, to <ex>spike</ex> down
planks</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To set or furnish with spikes.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fix on a spike.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Young.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To stop the vent of (a gun or cannon) by driving
a spike nail, or the like into it.</def>
<-- (Sport) To throw violently to the ground, so that it bounces.
Sometimes done by football players after scoring a goal, as a
victory celebration. -->
<hw>Spike</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>spieke</ets>, L.
<ets>spica</ets> an ear of grain. See <er>Spikenard</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Spike lavender. See
<er>Lavender</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Oil of spike</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a colorless
or yellowish aromatic oil extracted from the European
broad-leaved lavender, or aspic (<spn>Lavendula Spica</spn>),
used in artist's varnish and in veterinary medicine. It is often
adulterated with oil of turpentine, which it much
resembles.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spike"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hooded
merganser.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The marbled godwit
(<spn>Limosa fedoa</spn>).</def>
<hw>Spiked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished or set
with spikes, as corn; fastened with spikes; stopped with
spikes.</def>
<q>A youth, leaping over the <qex>spiked</qex> pales, . . . was
caught by those spikes.</q>
<qau>Wiseman.</qau>
<hw>Spike"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sailfish</er>
<sd>(a)</sd></def>
<hw>Spike"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A small or secondary spike; especially, one of the ultimate
parts of the in florescence of grasses. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Quaking grass</er>.</def>
<hw>Spike"nard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[For
<ets>spiked nard</ets>; cf. G. <ets>spieknarde</ets>, NL.
<ets>spica nardi</ets>. See <er>Spike</er> an ear, and
<er>Nard</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An
aromatic plant. In the United States it is the <spn>Aralia
racemosa</spn>, often called <altname>spignet</altname>, and used
as a medicine. The spikenard of the ancients is the
<spn>Nardostachys Jatamansi</spn>, a native of the Himalayan
region. From its blackish roots a perfume for the hair is still
prepared in India.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fragrant essential oil, as that from the
<spn>Nardostachys Jatamansi</spn>.</def>
<hw>Spike"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pintail duck.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Spik"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Like
a spike; spikelike.</def>
<q>These <qex>spiky</qex>, vivid outbursts of metallic
vapors.</q>
<qau>C. A. Young.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a sharp point, or sharp points; furnished
or armed with spikes.</def>
<q>Or by the <qex>spiky</qex> harrow cleared away.</q>
<qau>Dyer.</qau>
<q>The <qex>spiky</qex> wheels through heaps of carnage tore.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Spile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG.
<ets>spile</ets>, dial. G. <ets>speil</ets>, <ets>speiler</ets>,
D. <ets>spijl</ets>. \'fb170.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small
plug or wooden pin, used to stop a vent, as in a cask.</def>
<-- p. 1386 -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small tube or spout inserted in a tree for
conducting sap, as from a sugar maple.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A large stake driven into the ground as a
support for some superstructure; a pile.</def>
<cs><col>Spile hole</col>, <cd>a small air hole in a cask; a
vent.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To supply with
a spile or a spigot; to make a small vent in, as a cask.</def>
<hw>Spil"i*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OD.
<ets>spelleken</ets> a small pin. See <er>Spill</er> a
splinter.]</ety> <def>One of a number of small pieces or pegs of
wood, ivory, bone, or other material, for playing a game, or for
counting the score in a game, as in cribbage. In the plural
(<plw><it>spilikins</it></plw>), a game played with such pieces;
pushpin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>spillikin</asp>,
<asp>spilliken</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Spill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<root/170. Cf.
<er>Spell</er> a splinter.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bit of wood
split off; a splinter.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A slender piece of anything.</def> Specifically:
--
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A peg or pin for plugging a hole, as in a cask;
a spile</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A metallic rod or pin</def>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small roll of paper, or slip of wood, used as
a lamplighter, etc.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>One of the thick laths or
poles driven horizontally ahead of the main timbering in
advancing a level in loose ground</def>.
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A little sum of money.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ayliffe.</au>
<hw>Spill</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spilt</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spilling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or decorate with
slender pieces of wood, metal, ivory, etc.; to inlay.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Spill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spilled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>, or <er>Spilt</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Spilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>spillen</ets>,sually, to destroy, AS. <ets>spillan</ets>,
<ets>spildan</ets>, to destroy; akin to Icel. <ets>spilla</ets>
to destroy, Sw. <ets>spilla</ets> to spill, Dan.
<ets>spilde</ets>,G. & D. <ets>spillen</ets> to squander, OHG.
<ets>spildan</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To destroy; to kill;
to put an end to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>And gave him to the queen, all at her will
To choose whether she would him save or <qex>spill</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Greater glory think [it] to save than <qex>spill</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mar; to injure; to deface; hence, to destroy
by misuse; to waste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They [the colors] disfigure the stuff and <qex>spill</qex> the
whole workmanship.</q>
<qau>Puttenham.</qau>
<q><qex>Spill</qex> not the morning, the quintessence of day, in
recreations.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To suffer to fall or run out of a vessel; to
lose, or suffer to be scattered; -- applied to fluids and to
substances whose particles are small and loose; <as>as, to
<ex>spill</ex> water from a pail; to <ex>spill</ex> quicksilver
from a vessel; to <ex>spill</ex> powder from a paper; to
<ex>spill</ex> sand or flour</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Spill</xex> differs from <xex>pour</xex> in
expressing accidental loss, -- a loss or waste contrary to
purpose.</note>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to flow out and be lost or wasted; to
shed, or suffer to be shed, as in battle or in manslaughter;
<as>as, a man <ex>spills</ex> another's blood, or his own
blood</as>.</def>
<q>And to revenge his blood so justly <qex>spilt</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To relieve a sail from the
pressure of the wind, so that it can be more easily reefed or
furled, or to lessen the strain.</def>
<cs><col>Spilling line</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a rope used
for spilling, or dislodging, the wind from the belly of a
sail.</cd></cs>
<au>Totten.</au>
<-- Spill, n. An instance of spilling.
Oil spill, an accidental release of oil, usually into the
ocean, due to damage to an oil tanker or uncontrolled release
from an underwater well. -->
<hw>Spill</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be
destroyed, ruined, or wasted; to come to ruin; to perish; to
waste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>That thou wilt suffer innocents to <qex>spill</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be shed; to run over; to fall out, and be
lost or wasted.</def> \'bdHe was so topful of himself, that he
let it <xex>spill</xex> on all the company.\'b8
<au>I. Watts.</au>
<hw>Spill"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, spills.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of fishing line with many hooks; a
boulter.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spil"let fish`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spil"liard
fish`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw><def>A system or method of
fishing by means of a number of hooks set on snoods all on one
line; -- in North America, called <altname>trawl
fishing</altname>, <altname>bultow</altname>, or <altname>bultow
fishing</altname>, and <altname>long-line
fishing</altname>.</def>
<hw>Spil"li*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spilikin</er>.</def>
<hw>Spill"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sluiceway
or passage for superfluous water in a reservoir, to prevent too
great pressure on the dam.</def>
<hw>Spilt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Spill</er>. Spilled.</def>
<hw>Spil"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Spill</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Any one of the small
branches on a stag's head.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Spilth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Spill</er>.]</ety> <def>Anything spilt, or freely poured out;
slop; effusion.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdWith drunken
<xex>spilth</xex> of wine.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Choicest cates, and the flagon's best <qex>spilth</qex>.</q>
<qau>R. Browning.</qau>
<hw>Spin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spun</er> <pr>(?)</pr>
(<mark>Archaic</mark> <pos>imp.</pos> <er>Span</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spinning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>spinnan</ets>;
akin to D. & G. <ets>spinnen</ets>, Icel. & Sw.
<ets>spinna</ets>, Dan. <ets>spinde</ets>, Goth.
<ets>spinnan</ets>, and probably to E. <ets>span</ets>.
<root/170. Cf. <er>Span</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,
<er>Spider</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw out, and twist
into threads, either by the hand or machinery; <as>as, to
<ex>spin</ex> wool, cotton, or flax; to <ex>spin</ex> goat's
hair</as>; to produce by drawing out and twisting a fibrous
material.</def>
<q>All the yarn she [Penelope] <qex>spun</qex> in Ulysses'
absence did but fill Ithaca full of moths.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw out tediously; to form by a slow
process, or by degrees; to extend to a great length; -- with
<xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>spin</ex> out large volumes on a
subject</as>.</def>
<q>Do you mean that story is tediously <qex>spun</qex> out?</q>
<qau>Sheridan.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To protract; to spend by delays; <as>as, to
<ex>spin</ex> out the day in idleness</as>.</def>
<q>By one delay after another they <qex>spin</qex> out their
whole lives.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to turn round rapidly; to whirl; to
twirl; <as>as, to <ex>spin</ex> a top</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To form (a web, a cocoon, silk, or the like)
from threads produced by the extrusion of a viscid, transparent
liquid, which hardens on coming into contact with the air; --
said of the spider, the silkworm, etc.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To shape, as malleable sheet
metal, into a hollow form, by bending or buckling it by pressing
against it with a smooth hand tool or roller while the metal
revolves, as in a lathe.</def>
<cs><col>To spin a yarn</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to tell a
story, esp. a long or fabulous tale.</cd> -- <col>To spin
hay</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to twist it into ropes for
convenient carriage on an expedition.</cd> -- <col>To spin street
yarn</col>, <cd>to gad about gossiping.</cd>
<mark>[Collog.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Spin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
practice spinning; to work at drawing and twisting threads; to
make yarn or thread from fiber; <as>as, the woman knows how to
<ex>spin</ex>; a machine or jenny <ex>spins</ex> with great
exactness.</as></def>
<q>They neither know to <qex>spin</qex>, nor care to toll.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move round rapidly; to whirl; to revolve, as
a top or a spindle, about its axis.</def>
<q>Round about him <qex>spun</qex> the landscape,
Sky and forest reeled together.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<q>With a whirligig of jubilant mosquitoes <qex>spinning</qex>
about each head.</q>
<qau>G. W. Cable.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To stream or issue in a thread or a small
current or jet; <as>as, blood <ex>spins</ex>from a
vein</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To move swifty; <as>as, to <ex>spin</ex> along
the road in a carriage, on a bicycle, etc.</as></def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Spin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
spinning; <as>as, the <ex>spin</ex> of a top; a <ex>spin</ex> a
bicycle</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Kinematics)</fld> <def>Velocity of rotation
about some specified axis.</def>
<-- <col>go for a spin</col> <col>take a spin</col>, <cd>take a
trip in a wheeled vehicle, usu. an automobile.</cd> -->
<hw>\'d8Spi"na bif"i*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<ety>[L., cleft spine.]</ety> <def>A congenital malformation in
which the spinal column is cleft at its lower portion, and the
membranes of the spinal cord project as an elastic swelling from
the gap thus formed.</def>
<hw>Spi*na"eous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the
plant spinach, or the family of plants to which it belongs.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spin"ach</hw>, <hw>Spin"age</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>espinache</ets>,
<ets>espinoche</ets>, F. <ets>\'82pinard</ets>; cf. F.
<ets>spinace</ets>, Sp. <ets>espinaca</ets>; all fr. Ar.
<ets>isf\'ben\'bej</ets>, <ets>isfin\'bej</ets>,
<ets>aspan\'bekh</ets>, probably of Persian origin.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A common pot herb (<spn>Spinacia
oleracea</spn>) belonging to the Goosefoot family.</def>
<cs><col>Mountain spinach</col>. <cd>See <cref>Garden
orache</cref>, under <er>Orache</er>.</cd> -- <col>New Zealand
spinach</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse herb
(<spn>Tetragonia expansa</spn>), a poor substitute for
spinach.</cd></cs>
<note><hand/ Various other pot herbs are locally called
<xex>spinach</xex>.</note>
<hw>Spi"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spinalis</ets>, fr. <ets>spina</ets> the spine: cf. F.
<ets>spinal</ets>. See <er>Spine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of,
the backbone, or vertebral column; rachidian; vertebral.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a spine or spines.</def>
<cs><col>Spinal accessory nerves</col>, <cd>the eleventh pair of
cranial nerves in the higher vertebrates. They originate from the
spinal cord and pass forward into the skull, from which they
emerge in company with the pneumogastrics.</cd> -- <col>Spinal
column</col>, <cd>the backbone, or connected series or
vertebr\'91 which forms the axis of the vertebrate skeleton; the
spine; rachis; vertebral column.</cd> -- <col>Spinal cord</col>,
<cd>the great nervous cord extending backward from the brain
along the dorsal side of the spinal column of a vertebrate
animal, and usually terminating in a threadlike appendage called
the <xex>filum terminale<xex>; the spinal, or vertebral, marrow;
the myelon. The nervous tissue consists of nerve fibers and nerve
cells, the latter being confined to the so-called <xex>gray
matter<xex> of the central portions of the cord, while the
peripheral <xex>white matter<xex> is composed of nerve fibers
only. The center of the cord is traversed by a slender canal
connecting with the ventricles of the brain.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spi"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bearing a
spine; spiniform.</def>
<hw>Spin"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>spinal</ets>, fr. <ets>spinnan</ets> to spin; akin to D.
<ets>spil</ets>, G. <ets>spille</ets>, <ets>spindel</ets>, OHG.
<ets>spinnala</ets>. <root/170. See <er>Spin</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The long, round, slender rod or pin in spinning
wheels by which the thread is twisted, and on which, when
twisted, it is wound; also, the pin on which the bobbin is held
in a spinning machine, or in the shuttle of a loom.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A slender rod or pin on which anything turns; an
axis; <as>as, the <ex>spindle</ex> of a vane</as>.</def>
Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The shaft, mandrel, or
arbor, in a machine tool, as a lathe or drilling machine, etc.,
which causes the work to revolve, or carries a tool or center,
etc.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The vertical rod on which
the runner of a grinding mill turns</def>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A shaft or pipe on which
a core of sand is formed</def>.
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The fusee of a watch.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A long and slender stalk resembling a
spindle.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A yarn measure containing, in cotton yarn,
15,120 yards; in linen yarn, 14,400 yards.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid generated by the
revolution of a curved line about its base or double ordinate or
chord.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any marine
univalve shell of the genus <spn>Rostellaria</spn>; -- called
also <altname>spindle stromb</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Any marine gastropod of the genus <spn>Fusus</spn>.</def>
<cs><col>Dead spindle</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a spindle in
a machine tool that does not revolve; the spindle of the
tailstock of a lathe.</cd> -- <col>Live spindle</col>
<fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the revolving spindle of a machine tool;
the spindle of the headstock of a turning lathe.</cd> --
<col>Spindle shell</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Spindle</er>, 7. above.</cd> -- <col>Spindle side</col>,
<cd>the female side in descent; in the female line; opposed to
<xex>spear side<xex>. <au>Ld. Lytton</au>. <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bdKing Lycaon, grandson, by the <xex>spindle side<xex>, of
Oceanus.\'b8 <au>Lowell</au>.</cd> -- <col>Spindle tree</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any shrub or tree of the genus
<spn>Eunymus</spn>. The wood of <spn>E. Europ\'91us</spn> was
used for spindles and skewers. See <er>Prickwood</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spin"dle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spindled</er><pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Spindling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
shoot or grow into a long, slender stalk or body; to become
disproportionately tall and slender.</def>
<q>It has begun to <qex>spindle</qex> into
overintellectuality.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<hw>Spin"dle-legged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
long, slender legs.</def>
<hw>Spin"dle*legs`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
spindlehanks.</def>
<hw>Spin"dle-shanked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having long, slender legs.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Spin"dle*shanks`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
person with slender shanks, or legs; -- used humorously or in
contempt.</def>
<hw>Spin"dle-shaped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having the shape of a spindle.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Thickest in the middle, and
tapering to both ends; fusiform; -- applied chiefly to
roots.</def>
<hw>Spin"dle*tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pintail duck.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Spin"dle*worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of a noctuid mmoth
(<spn>Achatodes ze\'91</spn>) which feeds inside the stalks of
corn (maize), sometimes causing much damage. It is smooth, with a
black head and tail and a row of black dots across each
segment.</def>
<hw>Spin"dling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Long and
slender, or disproportionately tall and slender; <as>as, a
<ex>spindling</ex> tree; a <ex>spindling</ex> boy.</as></def>
<hw>Spine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spina</ets> thorn, the spine; akin to <ets>spica</ets> a
point: cf. OF. <ets>espine</ets>, F. <ets>\'82pine</ets>. Cf.
<er>Spike</er>, <er>Spinet</er> a musical instrument,
<er>Spinny</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
sharp appendage to any of a plant; a thorn.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A rigid and
sharp projection upon any part of an animal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>One of the rigid and undivided fin rays of a fish.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The backbone, or spinal
column, of an animal; -- so called from the projecting processes
upon the vertebr\'91.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anything resembling the spine or backbone; a
ridge.</def>
<hw>Spine"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish having spines in, or in front
of, the dorsal fins.</def>
<hw>Spine"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of Australian birds of the
genus <spn>Acanthorhynchus</spn>. They are related to the honey
eaters.</def>
<hw>Spined</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with
spines; spiny.</def>
<hw>Spine"-finned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having fine supported by spinous fin
rays; -- said of certain fishes.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spi*nel"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spi*nelle"</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>spinelle</ets>,
or LL. <ets>spinellus</ets>, perhaps from L. <ets>spina</ets> a
thorn, a prickle, in allusion to its pointed crystals.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occuring in octahedrons of great
hardness and various colors, as red, green, blue, brown, and
black, the red variety being the gem spinel ruby. It consist
essentially of alumina and magnesia, but commonly contains iron
and sometimes also chromium.</def>
<note><hand/ The <xex>spinel group</xex> includes spinel proper,
also magnetite, chromite, franklinite, gahnite, etc., all of
which may be regarded as composed of a sesquioxide and a
protoxide in equal proportions.</note>
<hw>Spin"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Bleached yarn
in making the linen tape called <xex>inkle</xex>; unwrought
inkle.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Spine"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no
spine.</def>
<hw>Spi*nes"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>spinescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>spinescere</ets> to know to grow thorny, fr.
<ets>spina</ets> a thorn: cf. F. <ets>spinescent</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Becoming hard and thorny; tapering
gradually to a rigid, leafless point; armed with spines.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Spin"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>espinete</ets>, F. <ets>\'82pinette</ets> (cf. It.
<ets>spinetta</ets>), fr. L. <ets>spina</ets> a thorn; -- so
called because its quills resemble thorns. See
<er>Spine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A keyed instrument
of music resembling a harpsichord, but smaller, with one string
of brass or steel wire to each note, sounded by means of leather
or quill plectrums or jacks. It was formerly much used.</def>
<cs><col>Dumb spinet</col>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Manichordon</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spi"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spinetum</ets>. See <er>Spinny</er>.]</ety> <def>A
spinny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Spine"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one or several
species of swifts of the genus <spn>Acanthylis</spn>, or
<spn>Ch\'91tura</spn>, and allied genera, in which the shafts of
the tail feathers terminate in rigid spines.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Any one of several species of South American and Central
American clamatorial birds belonging to <spn>Synallaxis</spn> and
allied genera of the family <spn>Dendrocolaptid\'91</spn>. They
are allied to the ovenbirds.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The ruddy
duck.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Spine"-tailed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the tail quills ending in
sharp, naked tips.</def>
<cs><col>Spine-tailed swift</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Spinetail</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spin"et*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slit;
cleft.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>
<hw>Spi*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spinifer</ets>; <ets>spina</ets> thorn + <ets>ferre</ets> to
produce.]</ety> <def>Producing spines; bearing thorns or spines;
thorny; spiny.</def>
<hw>Spin"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped like
a spine.</def>
<hw>Spi*nig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spiniger</ets>; <ets>spina</ets> spine + <ets>gerere</ets>
to bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing a spine or spines;
thorn-bearing.</def>
<hw>Spin"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of
being spiny.</def>
<hw>Spin`ii-spir"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having spines arranged spirally. See
<er>Spicule</er>.</def>
<hw>Spink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw.
<ets>spink</ets> a kind of small bird, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, and E.
<ets>finch</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
chaffinch.</def>
<hw>Spin"na*ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large triangular sail set upon a boom,
-- used when running before the wind.</def>
<hw>Spin"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, spins one skilled in spinning; a
spinning machine.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spider.</def> \'bdLong-legged
<xex>spinners</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A goatsucker; -- so called
from the peculiar noise it makes when darting through the
air.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spinneret.</def>
<cs><col>Ring spinner</col>, <cd>a machine for spinning, in which
the twist, given to the yarn by a revolving bobbin, is regulated
by the drag of a small metal loop which slides around a ring
encircling the bobbin, instead of by a throstle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spin"ner*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the special jointed organs
situated on the under side, and near the end, of the abdomen of
spiders, by means of which they spin their webs. Most spiders
have three pairs of spinnerets, but some have only two pairs. The
ordinary silk line of the spider is composed of numerous smaller
lines jointed after issuing from the spinnerets.</def>
<hw>Spin"ner*ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the numerous small spinning
tubes on the spinnerets of spiders.</def>
<hw>Spin"ney</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spinneys</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>Same as
<er>Spinny</er>.</def>
<au>T. Hughes.</au>
<-- p. 1387 -->
<hw>Spin"ning</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Spin</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Spinning gland</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of
the glands which form the material for spinning the silk of
silkworms and other larv\'91.</cd> -- <col>Spinning house</col>,
<cd>formerly a common name for a house of correction in England,
the women confined therein being employed in spinning.</cd> --
<col>Spinning jenny</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>an engine or
machine for spinning wool or cotton, by means of a large number
of spindles revolving simultaneously.</cd> -- <col>Spinning
mite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the red spider.</cd> --
<col>Spinning wheel</col>, <cd>a machine for spinning yarn or
thread, in which a wheel drives a single spindle, and is itself
driven by the hand, or by the foot acting on a treadle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spin"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spinnies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OF.
<ets>espinaye</ets>,<ets>espinoye</ets>, <ets>espinei</ets>,
<ets>espanoi</ets>, F. <ets>\'82pinaie</ets>, from L.
<ets>spinetum</ets> a thicket of thorns, fr. <ets>spina</ets> a
thorn. See <er>Spine</er>.]</ety> <def>A small thicket or grove
with undergrowth; a clump of trees.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>spinney</asp>, and <asp>spinny</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>The downs rise steep, crowned with black fir
<qex>spinnies</qex>.</q>
<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>
<hw>Spin"ny</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Spiny</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Thin and long; slim; slender.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spi*nose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>spinosus</ets>, from <ets>spina</ets> a thorn.]</ety>
<def>Full of spines; armed with thorns; thorny.</def>
<hw>Spi*nos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being spiny or thorny; spininess.</def>
<hw>Spi"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Spinose; thorny.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the form of a spine or thorn;
spinelike.</def>
<cs><col>Spinous process of a vertebra</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>,
<cd>the dorsal process of the neural arch of a vertebra; a
neurapophysis.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spi*no"zism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The form of
Pantheism taught by Benedict <xex>Spinoza</xex>, that there is
but one substance, or infinite essence, in the universe, of which
the so-called material and spiritual beings and phenomena are
only modes, and that one this one substance is God.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>Spinosism</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Spi*no"zist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A believer
in Spinozism.</def>
<hw>Spin"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spin</ets> + <ets>-ster</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A woman who spins, or whose occupation is to spin.</def>
<q>She spake to <qex>spinster</qex> to spin it out.</q>
<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>
<q>The <qex>spinsters</qex> and the knitters in the sun.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man who spins.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An unmarried or single woman;
-- used in legal proceedings as a title, or addition to the
surname.</def>
<q>If a gentlewoman be termed a <qex>spinster</qex>, she may
abate the writ.</q>
<qau>Coke.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A woman of evil life and character; -- so called
from being forced to spin in a house of correction.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spin"stress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who
spins.</def>
<au>T. Brown.</au>
<hw>Spin"stry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The business
of one who spins; spinning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Spin"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spinula</ets>, dim. of <ets>spina</ets> a spine: cf. F.
<ets>spinule</ets>.]</ety> <def>A minute spine.</def>
<au>Dana.</au>
<hw>Spin`u*les"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having small spines; somewhat
thorny.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spin"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spin"u*lous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>spinuleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Covered with small
spines.</def>
<hw>Spin"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Spine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of spines; thorny;
<as>as, a <ex>spiny</ex> tree</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Like a spine in shape; slender.</def>
\'bd<xex>Spiny</xex> grasshoppers sit chirping.\'b8
<au>Chapman.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Abounding with difficulties or
annoyances.</def>
<q>The <qex>spiny</qex> deserts of scholastic philosophy.</q>
<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>
<cs><col>Spiny lobster</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<cref>Rock lobster</cref>, under <er>Rock</er>. See also
<er>Lobster</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spin"y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Spinny</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spi*o"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Spio</ets> the typical genus.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division of marine
Annelida, including those that are without oral tentacles or
cirri, and have the gills, when present, mostly arranged along
the sides of the body. They generally live in burrows or
tubes.</def>
<hw>Spi"ra*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spirabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being breathed;
respirable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Nash.</au>
<hw>Spir"a*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>spiraculum</ets>, fr. <ets>spirare</ets> to breathe: cf. F.
<ets>spiracule</ets>. See <er>Spirit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The nostril, or one of the nostrils, of
whales, porpoises, and allied animals.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the
external openings communicating with the air tubes or trache\'91
of insects, myriapods, and arachnids. They are variable in
number, and are usually situated on the sides of the thorax and
abdomen, a pair to a segment. These openings are usually
elliptical, and capable of being closed. See <xex>Illust</xex>.
under <er>Coleoptera</er>.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tubular
orifice communicating with the gill cavity of certain ganoid and
all elasmobranch fishes. It is the modified first gill
cleft.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any small aperture or vent for air or other
fluid.</def>
<hw>Spi*rac"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a spiracle.</def>
<hw>Spi*r\'91"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
Gr. <?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/ a coil.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A genus of shrubs or perennial herbs including the
meadowsweet and the hardhack.</def>
<hw>Spi*r\'91"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the
meadowsweet (<spn>Spir\'91a</spn>); formerly, designating an acid
which is now called <xex>salicylic acid</xex>.</def>
<hw>Spi"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>spiral</ets>. See <er>Spire</er> a winding line.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Winding or circling round a center or pole and
gradually receding from it; <as>as, the <ex>spiral</ex> curve of
a watch spring</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Winding round a cylinder or imaginary axis, and
at the same time rising or advancing forward; winding like the
thread of a screw; helical.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a spiral;
like a spiral.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Spiral gear</col>, <or/ <col>Spiral
wheel</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a gear resembling in
general a spur gear, but having its teeth cut at an angle with
its axis, or so that they form small portions of screws or
spirals.</cd> -- <col>Spiral gearing</col>, <cd>a kind of gearing
sometimes used in light machinery, in which spiral gears, instead
of bevel gears, are used to transmit motion between shafts that
are not parallel.</cd> -- <col>Spiral operculum</col>, <cd>an
operculum whih has spiral lines of growth.</cd> -- <col>Spiral
shell</col>, <cd>any shell in which the whorls form a spiral or
helix.</cd> -- <col>Spiral spring</col>. <cd>See the
<xex>Note<xex> under <er>Spring</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spi"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>spirale</ets>. See <er>Spiral</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane curve, not
re\'89ntrant, described by a point, called the
<xex>generatrix</xex>, moving along a straight line according to
a mathematical law, while the line is revolving about a fixed
point called the <xex>pole</xex>. Cf. <er>Helix</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which has a spiral form, as a spiral
shell.</def>
<cs><col>Equiangular spiral</col>,<cd>a plane curve which cuts
all its generatrices at the same angle. Same as
<altname>Logarithmic spiral</altname>, under
<er>Logarithmic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spiral of Archimedes</col>,
<cd>a spiral the law of which is that the generatrix moves
uniformly along the revolving line, which also moves
uniformly.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spi*ral"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or states of being spiral.</def>
<hw>Spi"ral*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
spiral form, manner, or direction.</def>
<hw>Spi*ra`lo*zo"oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spiral</ets> + <ets>zooid</ets>. So called because
they often have a spiral form when contracted.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the special defensive zooids of
certain hydroids. They have the form of long, slender tentacles,
and bear lasso cells.</def>
<hw>Spi"rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spirans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>spirare</ets> to breathe. See <er>Spirit</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>A term used differently by different
authorities; -- by some as equivalent to <xex>fricative</xex>, --
that is, as including all the continuous consonants, except the
nasals <xex>m</xex>, <xex>n</xex>, <xex>ng</xex>; with the
further exception, by others, of the liquids <xex>r</xex>,
<xex>l</xex>, and the semivowels <xex>w</xex>, <xex>y</xex>; by
others limited to <xex>f</xex>, <xex>v</xex>, <xex>th</xex> surd
and sonant, and the sound of German <xex>ch</xex>, -- thus
excluding the sibilants, as well as the nasals, liquids, and
semivowels. See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/<sect/
197-208.</def>
<hw>Spi*ran"thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ a coil + <?/<?/<?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The occasional twisted growth of the parts of a
flower.</def>
<hw>Spi*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spiratio</ets>, fr. <ets>spirare</ets> to breathe.]</ety>
<def>The act of breathing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Spire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spirare</ets> to breathe. See <er>Spirit</er>.]</ety>
<def>To breathe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shenstone.</au>
<hw>Spire</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>spire</ets>,
<ets>spir</ets>, a blade of grass, a young shoot, AS.
<ets>sp\'c6r</ets>; akin to G. <ets>spier</ets> a blade of grass,
Dan. <ets>spire</ets> a sprout, sprig, Sw. <ets>spira</ets> a
spar, Icel. <ets>sp\'c6ra</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
slender stalk or blade in vegetation; <as>as, a <ex>spire</ex>
grass or of wheat</as>.</def>
<q>An oak cometh up a little <qex>spire</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tapering body that shoots up or out to a point
in a conical or pyramidal form. Specifically <fld>(Arch.)</fld>,
the roof of a tower when of a pyramidal form and high in
proportion to its width; also, the pyramidal or aspiring
termination of a tower which can not be said to have a roof, such
as that of Strasburg cathedral; the tapering part of a steeple,
or the steeple itself.</def> \'bdWith glistering
<xex>spires</xex> and pinnacles adorned.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>A <qex>spire</qex> of land that stand apart,
Cleft from the main.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<q>Tall <qex>spire</qex> from which the sound of cheerful bells
Just undulates upon the listening ear.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A tube or fuse for
communicating fire to the chargen in blasting.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The top, or uppermost point, of anything; the
summit.</def>
<q>The <qex>spire</qex> and top of praises.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Spire</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spired</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spiring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shoot forth, or up in, or
as if in, a spire.</def>
<au>Emerson.</au>
<q>It is not so apt to <qex>spire</qex> up as the other sorts,
being more inclined to branch into arms.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<hw>Spire</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>spira</ets> coil,
twist; akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/: cf. F. <ets>spire</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A spiral; a curl; a whorl; a twist.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The part of a spiral
generated in one revolution of the straight line about the pole.
See <er>Spiral</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Spire bearer</col>. <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<er>Spirifer</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spired</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a spire;
being in the form of a spire; <as>as, a <ex>spired</ex>
steeple</as>.</def>
<au>Mason.</au>
<hw>Spi"ri*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim., fr.
L. <ets>spira</ets> a coil.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of
certain minute coiled threads in the coating of some seeds. When
moistened these threads protrude in great numbers.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Spi"ri*fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. L.
<ets>spira</ets> a coil + <ets>ferre</ets>to bear.]</ety>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of fossil
brachipods of the genus <spn>Spirifer</spn>, or
<spn>Delthyris</spn>, and allied genera, in which the long
calcareous supports of the arms form a large spiral, or helix, on
each side.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spi*ril"lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
dim. of L. <ets>spira</ets> a coil.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>
<def>A genus of common motile micro\'94rganisms
(<spn>Spirobacteria</spn>) having the form of spiral-shaped
filaments. One species is said to be the cause of relapsing
fever.</def>
<hw>Spir"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shooting up in
a spire or spires.</def> \'bdThe <xex>spiring</xex> grass.\'b8
<au>Dryton.</au>
<hw>Spir"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>espirit</ets>, <ets>esperit</ets>, F. <ets>esprit</ets>, L.
<ets>spiritus</ets>, from <ets>spirare</ets> to breathe, to blow.
Cf. <er>Conspire</er>, <er>Expire</er>, <er>Esprit</er>,
<er>Sprite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Air set in motion by
breathing; breath; hence, sometimes, life itself.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAll of <xex>spirit</xex> would
deprive.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>The mild air, with season moderate,
Gently attempered, and disposed eo well,
That still it breathed foorth sweet <qex>spirit</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rough breathing; an aspirate, as the letter
<xex>h</xex>; also, a mark to denote aspiration; a
breathing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Be it a letter or <qex>spirit</qex>, we have great use for
it.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Life, or living substance, considered
independently of corporeal existence; an intelligence conceived
of apart from any physical organization or embodiment; vital
essence, force, or energy, as distinct from matter.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of
man; the soul, in distinction from the body in which it resides;
the agent or subject of vital and spiritual functions, whether
spiritual or material.</def>
<q>There is a <qex>spirit</qex> in man; and the inspiration of
the Almighty giveth them understanding.</q>
<qau>Job xxxii. 8.</qau>
<q>As the body without the <qex>spirit</qex> is dead, so faith
without works is dead also.</q>
<qau>James ii. 26.</qau>
<q><qex>Spirit</qex> is a substance wherein thinking, knowing,
doubting, and a power of moving, do subsist.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Specifically, a disembodied soul; the human soul
after it has left the body.</def>
<q>Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was, and the
<qex>spirit</qex> shall return unto God who gave it.</q>
<qau>Eccl. xii. 7.</qau>
<q>Ye gentle <qex>spirits</qex> far away,
With whom we shared the cup of grace.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Any supernatural being, good or bad; an
apparition; a specter; a ghost; also, sometimes, a sprite,; a
fairy; an elf.</def>
<q>Whilst young, preserve his tender mind from all impressions of
<qex>spirits</qex> and goblins in the dark.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Energy, vivacity, ardor, enthusiasm, courage,
etc.</def>
<q>\'bdWrite it then, quickly,\'b8 replied Bede; and summoning
all his <qex>spirits</qex> together, like the last blaze of a
candle going out, he indited it, and expired.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>One who is vivacious or lively; one who evinces
great activity or peculiar characteristics of mind or temper;
<as>as, a ruling <ex>spirit</ex>; a schismatic
<ex>spirit</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Such <qex>spirits</qex> as he desired to please, such would I
choose for my judges.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Temper or disposition of mind; mental condition
or disposition; intellectual or moral state; -- often in the
plural; <as>as, to be cheerful, or in good <ex>spirits</ex>; to
be downhearted, or in bad <ex>spirits</ex></as>.</def>
<q>God has . . . made a <qex>spirit</qex> of building succeed a
<qex>spirit</qex> of pulling down.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<q>A perfect judge will read each work of wit
With the same <qex>spirit</qex> that its author writ.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>Intent; real meaning; -- opposed to the
<xex>letter</xex>, or to <xex>formal statement</xex>; also,
characteristic quality, especially such as is derived from the
individual genius or the personal character; <as>as, the
<ex>spirit</ex> of an enterprise, of a document, or the
like</as>.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>Tenuous, volatile, airy, or vapory substance,
possessed of active qualities.</def>
<q>All bodies have <qex>spirits</qex> . . . within them.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>Any liquid produced by distillation;
especially, alcohol, the <xex>spirits</xex>, or
<xex>spirit</xex>, of wine (it having been first distilled from
wine): -- often in the plural.</def>
<sn>13.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Rum, whisky, brandy, gin, and
other distilled liquors having much alcohol, in distinction from
wine and malt liquors.</def>
<sn>14.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A solution in alcohol of a
volatile principle. Cf. <er>Tincture</er>.</def>
<au>U. S. Disp.</au>
<sn>15.</sn> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld> <def>Any one of the four
substances, sulphur, sal ammoniac, quicksilver, or arsenic (or,
according to some, orpiment).</def>
<q>The four <qex>spirits</qex> and the bodies seven.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>16.</sn> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld> <def>Stannic chloride. See under
<er>Stannic</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Spirit</xex> is sometimes joined with other
words, forming compounds, generally of obvious signification; as,
<xex>spirit</xex>-moving, <xex>spirit</xex>-searching,
<xex>spirit</xex>-stirring, etc.</note>
<cs><mcol><col>Astral spirits</col>, <col>Familiar
spirits</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Astral</er>,
<er>Familiar</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Animal spirits</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>The fluid which at one
time was supposed to circulate through the nerves and was
regarded as the agent of sensation and motion; -- called also the
<altname>nervous fluid</altname>, or <altname>nervous
principle</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Physical health and
energy; frolicsomeness; sportiveness.</cd> -- <col>Ardent
spirits</col>, <cd>strong alcoholic liquors, as brandy, rum,
whisky, etc., obtained by distillation.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Holy
Spirit</col>, <or/ <col>The Spirit</col></mcol>
<fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>the Spirit of God, or the third person
of the Trinity; the Holy Ghost. <xex>The spirit<xex> also
signifies the human spirit as influenced or animated by the
Divine Spirit.</cd> -- <col>Proof spirit</col>.
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Proof</er>.</cd> --
<col>Rectified spirit</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>spirit
rendered purer or more concentrated by redistillation, so as to
increase the percentage of absolute alcohol.</cd> -- <col>Spirit
butterfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous
species of delicate butterflies of tropical America belonging to
the genus <spn>Ithomia</spn>. The wings are gauzy and nearly
destitute of scales.</cd> -- <col>Spirit duck</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The buffle-headed
duck</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The golden-eye.</cd> -- <col>Spirit
lamp</col> <fld>(Art)</fld>, <cd>a lamp in which alcohol or
methylated spirit is burned.</cd> -- <col>Spirit level</col>.
<cd>See under <er>Level</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spirit of
hartshorn</col>. <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Hartshorn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spirit of Mindererus</col>
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an aqueous solution of acetate of
ammonium; -- named after R. <xex>Minderer<xex>, physician of
Augsburg.</cd> -- <col>Spirit of nitrous ether</col> <fld>(Med.
Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a pale yellow liquid, of a sweetish taste and a
pleasant ethereal odor. It is obtained by the distillatin of
alcohol with nitric and sulphuric acids, and consists essentially
of ethyl nitrite with a little acetic aldehyde. It is used a
diaphoretic, diuretic, antispasmodic, etc. Called also
<altname>sweet spirit of niter</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Spirit of
salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>hydrochloric acid; -- so
called because obtained from salt and sulphuric acid.</cd>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Spirit of sense</col>, <cd>the utmost
refinement of sensation.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak.</au>
-- <mcol><col>Spirits</col>, <or/ <col>Spirit</col>, <col>of
turpentine</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>rectified oil of
turpentine, a transparent, colorless, volatile, and very
inflammable liquid, distilled from the turpentine of the various
species of pine; camphine. See <er>Camphine</er>.</cd> --
<col>Spirit of vitriol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sulphuric
acid; -- so called because formerly obtained by the distillation
of green vitriol.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Spirit of
vitriolic ether</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>ether; -- often but
incorrectly called <altname>sulphuric ether</altname>.</cd> See
<er>Ether</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Spirits</col>,
<or/ <col>Spirit</col>, <col>of wine</col></mcol>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>alcohol; -- so called because formerly
obtained by the distillation of wine.</cd> -- <col>Spirit
rapper</col>, <cd>one who practices spirit rapping; a
\'bdmedium\'b8 so called.</cd> -- <col>Spirit rapping</col>,
<cd>an alleged form of communication with the spirits of the dead
by raps. See <er>Spiritualism</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Sweet spirit
of niter</col>. <cd>See <cref>Spirit of nitrous ether</cref>,
above.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1388 -->
<syn>Syn. -- Life; ardor; energy; fire; courage; animatioon;
cheerfulness; vivacity; enterprise.</syn>
<hw>Spir"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spirited</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Spiriting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To animate with vigor; to excite; to encourage; to inspirit;
<as>as, civil dissensions often <ex>spirit</ex> the ambition of
private men</as>; -- sometimes followed by <xex>up</xex>.</def>
<q>Many officers and private men <qex>spirit</qex> up and assist
those obstinate people to continue in their rebellion.</q>
<qau>Swift</qau>.
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To convey rapidly and secretly, or mysteriously,
as if by the agency of a spirit; to kidnap; -- often with
<xex>away</xex>, or <xex>off</xex></def>.
<q>The ministry had him <qex>spirited</qex> away, and carried
abroad as a dangerous person.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot & Pope.</qau>
<q>I felt as if I had been <qex>spirited</qex> into some castle
of antiquity.</q>
<qau>Willis.</qau>
<cs><col>Spiriting away</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>causing to
leave; the offense of inducing a witness to leave a jurisdiction
so as to evade process requiring attendance at trial.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spir"it*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>spiritalis</ets> belonging to breathing.]</ety> <def>By
means of the breath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holder.</au>
<hw>Spir"it*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Animated or
possessed by a spirit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSo talked
the <xex>spirited</xex>, sly snake.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Animated; full of life or vigor; lively; full of
spirit or fire; <as>as, a <ex>spirited</ex> oration; a
<ex>spirited</ex> answer</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Spirited</xex> is much used in composition; as
in high-<xex>spirited</xex>, low-<xex>spirited</xex>,
mean-<xex>spirited</xex>, etc.</note>
<syn>Syn. -- Lively; vivacious; animated; ardent; active; bold;
courageous.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spir"it*ed*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Spir"it*ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spir"it*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of
spirit; spirited.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>spiritful</qex> and orderly life of our own grown
men.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spir"it*ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Spir"it*ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spir"it*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Spiritualsm.</def>
<hw>Spir"it*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A spiritualist.</def>
<hw>Spir"it*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Destitute
of spirit; wanting animation; wanting cheerfulness; dejected;
depressed.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Destitute of vigor; wanting life, courage, or
fire.</def>
<q>A men so faint, so <qex>spiritless</qex>,
So dull, so dead in lock, so woebegone.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having no breath; extinct; dead.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>spiritless</xex> body.\'b8
<au>Greenhill.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spir"it*less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Spir"it*less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>\'d8Spi`ri*to"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Spirited; spiritedly; --
a direction to perform a passage in an animated, lively
manner.</def>
<hw>Spir"it*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Spirituous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Like spirit;
refined; defecated; pure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>More refined, more <qex>spirituous</qex> and pure.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ardent; active.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Spir"it*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being
spiritous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Spir"it*u*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spiritualis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>spirituel</ets>. See
<er>Spirit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of spirit;
not material; incorporeal; <as>as, a <ex>spiritual</ex> substance
or being</as>.</def>
<q>It is sown a natural body, it is raised a <qex>spiritual</qex>
body.</q>
<qau>1 Cor. xv. 44.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the intellectual and higher
endowments of the mind; mental; intellectual.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the moral feelings or states
of the soul, as distinguished from the external actions; reaching
and affecting the spirits.</def>
<q>God's law is <qex>spiritual</qex>; it is a transcript of the
divine nature, and extends its authority to the acts of the soul
of man.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the soul or its affections
as influenced by the Spirit; controlled and inspired by the
divine Spirit; proceeding from the Holy Spirit; pure; holy;
divine; heavenly-minded; -- opposed to <xex>carnal</xex>.</def>
<q>That I may impart unto you some <qex>spiritual</qex> gift.</q>
<qau>Rom. i. ll.</qau>
<q>Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who
hath blessed us with all <qex>spiritual</qex> blessings.</q>
<qau>Eph. i. 3.</qau>
<q>If a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are
<qex>spiritual</qex>, restore such an one.</q>
<qau>Gal. vi. 1.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Not lay or temporal; relating to sacred things;
ecclesiastical; <as>as, the <ex>spiritual</ex> functions of the
clergy; lords <ex>spiritual</ex> and temporal; a
<ex>spiritual</ex> corporation</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Spiritual coadjuctor</col>. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <cd>See
the Note under <er>Jesuit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spiritual
court</col> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld>, <cd>an ecclesiastical court,
or a court having jurisdiction in ecclesiastical affairs; a court
held by a bishop or other ecclesiastic.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spir"it*u*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A spiritual function,
office, or affair. See <er>Spirituality</er>, 2.</def>
<q>He assigns supremacy to the pope in <qex>spirituals</qex>, and
to the emperor in temporals.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<hw>Spir"it*u*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The quality or state of being spiritual.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine, in
opposition to the materialists, that all which exists is spirit,
or soul -- that what is called the external world is either a
succession of notions impressed on the mind by the Deity, as
maintained by Berkeley, or else the mere educt of the mind
itself, as taught by Fichte.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A belief that departed spirits hold intercourse
with mortals by means of physical phenomena, as by rappng, or
during abnormal mental states, as in trances, or the like,
commonly manifested through a person of special susceptibility,
called a <xex>medium</xex>; spiritism; the doctrines and
practices of spiritualists.</def>
<q>What is called <qex>spiritualism</qex> should, I think, be
called a mental species of materialism.</q>
<qau>R. H. Hutton.</qau>
<hw>Spir"it*u*al*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who professes a regard for spiritual things only; one
whose employment is of a spiritual character; an
ecclesiastic.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who maintains the doctrine of
spiritualism.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who believes in direct intercourse with
departed spirits, through the agency of persons commonly called
<xex>mediums</xex>, by means of physical phenomena; one who
attempts to maintain such intercourse; a spiritist.</def>
<hw>Spir"it*u*al*ist</hw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Spiritualistic.</def>
<au>Taylor.</au>
<hw>Spir`it*u*al*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Relating to, or connected with, spiritualism.</def>
<hw>Spir`it*u*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spiritualities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>spiritualitas</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>spiritualit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality
or state of being spiritual; incorporeality;
heavenly-mindedness.</def>
<q>A pleasure made for the soul, suitable to its
<qex>spirituality</qex>.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<q>If this light be not spiritual, yet it approacheth nearest to
<qex>spirituality</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<q>Much of our <qex>spirituality</qex> and comfort in public
worship depends on the state of mind in which we come.</q>
<qau>Bickersteth.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>That which belongs to the
church, or to a person as an ecclesiastic, or to religion, as
distinct from temporalities.</def>
<q>During the vacancy of a see, the archbishop is guardian of the
<qex>spiritualities</qex> thereof.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An ecclesiastical body; the whole body of the
clergy, as distinct from, or opposed to, the temporality.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Five entire subsidies were granted to the king by the
<qex>spirituality</qex>.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<hw>Spir`it*u*al*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of spiritualizing, or the state of being
spiritualized.</def>
<hw>Spir"it*u*al*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spiritualized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Spiritualizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>spiritualiser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To refine
intellectiually or morally; to purify from the corrupting
influence of the world; to give a spiritual character or tendency
to; <as>as, to <ex>spiritualize</ex> soul</as>.</def>
<q>This seen in the clear air, and the whole
<qex>spiritualized</qex> by endless recollections, fills the eye
and the heart more forcibly than I can find words to say.</q>
<qau>Carlyle.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a spiritual meaning to; to take in a
spiritual sense; -- opposed to <xex>literalize</xex>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>To extract spirit from;
also, to convert into, or impregnate with, spirit.</def>
<hw>Spir"it*u*al*i`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who spiritualizes.</def>
<hw>Spir"it*u*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a spiritual
manner; with purity of spirit; like a spirit.</def>
<hw>Spir"it*u*al-mind`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having the mind set on spiritual things, or filled with holy
desires and affections.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Spir"it*u*al-mind`ed*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spir"it*u*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or
state of being spiritual or spiritual-minded; spirituality.</def>
<hw>Spir"it*u*al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Spirituality</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An
ecclesiastical body; a spirituality.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>\'d8Spi`ri`ti`elle"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Of the nature, or having the appearance, of
a spirit; pure; refined; ethereal.</def>
<hw>Spir`it*u*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being spirituous; spirituousness.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Spir"it*u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. (for
sense 2) F. <ets>spiritueux</ets>. Cf. <er>Spiritous</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the quality of spirit; tenuous in
substance, and having active powers or properties; ethereal;
immaterial; spiritual; pure.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Containing, or of the nature of, alcoholic (esp.
distilled) spirit; consisting of refined spirit; alcoholic;
ardent; <as>as, <ex>spirituous</ex> liquors</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Lively; gay; vivid; airy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<q>The mind of man is of that <qex>spirituous</qex>, stirring
nature, that it is perpetually at work.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Spir"it*u*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or
state of being spirituous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Spirk"et*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The planking from the waterways up to the
port sills.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<hw>Spirl"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sparling.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Spi`ro*bac*te"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>;
<sing>sing. <singw>Spirobacterium</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>.
<ety>[NL. See 4th <er>Spire</er>, and <er>Bacterium</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See the Note under
<er>Microbacteria</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Spi`ro*ch\'91"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>\'d8Spi`ro*ch\'91"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>spira</ets> a coil + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ hair.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A genus of Spirobacteria similar to
Spirillum, but distinguished by its motility. One species, the
<spn>Spiroch\'91te Obermeyeri</spn>, is supposed to be the cause
of relapsing fever.</def>
<hw>Spi"ro*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spirare</ets> to breathe + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for recording the
respiratory movements, as the sphygmograph does those of the
pulse.</def>
<hw>Spi*rom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spirare</ets> to breathe + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An
instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs, or the
volume of air which can be expelled from the chest after the
deepest possible inspiration. Cf. <er>Pneumatometer</er>.</def>
<hw>Spi*rom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
or process of measuring the chest capacity by means of a
spirometer.</def>
<hw>Spi"ro*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spirare</ets> to breathe + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A wet meter used to determine the
breathing capacity of the lungs.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spi*royl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spi*royl"ous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL. <ets>Spir<?/</ets>
meadowsweet (a source of salicylal) + <ets>-yl</ets> +
<ets>-ic</ets>, <ets>-ous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Pertaining to, or designating, a substance now called
<xex>salicylal</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spirt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. & n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Spurt</er>.</def>
<hw>Spir"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To spirt in
a scattering manner.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spir"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
dim. of L. <ets>spira</ets> a coil.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A genus of cephalopods having a multilocular, internal,
siphunculated shell in the form of a flat spiral, the coils of
which are not in contact.</def>
<hw>Spir"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the color spots, or structural
parts, arranged spirally.</def>
<hw>Spir"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Spire</er> a winding line.]</ety> <def>Of a spiral form;
wreathed; curled; serpentine.</def>
<q>Hid in the <qex>spiry</qex> volumes of the snake.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Spir"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[FR. <er>Spire</er> a
steeple.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a spire; like a spire,
tall, slender, and tapering; abounding in spires; <as>as,
<ex>spiry</ex> turrets</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Spiry</xex>
towns.\'b8
<au>Thomson.</au>
<hw>Spiss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spissus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Thick; crowded; compact;
dense</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>This <qex>spiss</qex> and . . . copious, yet concise,
treatise.</q>
<qau>Brerewood.</qau>
<hw>Spis"sa*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rendered
dense or compact, as by evaporation; inspissated;
thickened.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>spissated</qex> juice of the poppy.</q>
<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>
<hw>Spis"si*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spissitudo</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being
spissated; <as>as, the <ex>spissitude</ex> of coagulated blood,
or of any coagulum</as>.</def>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Spit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>spite</ets>, AS. <ets>spitu</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>spit</ets>, G. <ets>spiess</ets>, OHG. <ets>spiz</ets>, Dan.
<ets>spid</ets>. Sw. <ets>spett</ets>, and to G. <ets>spitz</ets>
pointed. <root/170.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long, slender,
pointed rod, usually of iron, for holding meat while
roasting.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small point of land running into the sea, or a
long, narrow shoal extending from the shore into the sea; <as>as,
a <ex>spit</ex> of sand</as>.</def>
<au>Cook.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The depth to which a spade goes in digging; a
spade; a spadeful.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Spit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spitted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Spit</er>,
<ets>n</ets>.; cf. <er>Speet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
thrust a spit through; to fix upon a spit; hence, to thrust
through or impale; <as>as, to <ex>spit</ex> a loin of
veal</as>.</def> \'bdInfants <xex>spitted</xex> upon pikes.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To spade; to dig.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To attend to a spit; to use
a spit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>She's <qex>spitting</qex> in the kitchen.</q>
<qau>Old Play.</qau>
<hw>Spit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spit</er> (<er>Spat</er>, <mark>archaic</mark>);
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Spitting</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[AS. <ets>spittan</ets>; akin to G. <ets>sp\'81tzen</ets>,
Dan. <ets>spytte</ets>, Sw. <ets>spotta</ets>,Icel.
<ets>sp<?/ta</ets>, and prob. E. <ets>spew</ets>. The past tense
<ets>spat</ets> is due to AS. <ets>sp<?/tte</ets>, from
<ets>sp<?/tan</ets> to spit. Cf. <er>Spat</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
<er>Spew</er>, <er>Spawl</er>, <er>Spot</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To eject from the mouth; to
throw out, as saliva or other matter, from the mouth.</def>
\'bdThus <xex>spit</xex> I out my venom.\'b8
<-- spat is a common pp and not archaic -->
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To eject; to throw out; to belch.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Spitted</xex> was sometimes used as the
preterit and the past participle. \'bdHe . . . shall be mocked,
and spitefully entreated, and <xex>spitted</xex> on.\'b8</note>
<au>Luke xviii. 32.</au>
<hw>Spit</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The secretion formed by the
glands of the mouth; spitle; saliva; sputum.</def>
<hw>Spit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To throw out
saliva from the mouth.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rain or snow slightly, or with
sprinkles.</def>
<q>It had been <qex>spitting</qex> with rain.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>To spit on</col> <or/ <col>upon</col></mcol>,
<cd>to insult grossly; to treat with contempt.</cd>
\'bd<xex>Spitting upon<xex> all antiquity.\'b8</cs>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Spit"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbreviated
from <ets>hospital</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>spittle</asp>.]</altsp> <def>A hospital.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Spit"al*house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
hospital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spit"ball`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Paper
chewed, and rolled into a ball, to be thrown as a missile.</def>
<hw>Spit"box`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vessel to
receive spittle.</def>
<hw>Spitch"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[1st
<ets>spit</ets> + <ets>cock</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>
<def>To split (as an eel) lengthwise, and broil it, or fry it in
hot fat.</def>
<hw>Spitch"cock`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>An
eel split and broiled.</def>
<hw>Spitch"cocked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Broiled or fried after being split
lengthwise; -- said of eels.</def>
<hw>Spit" curl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A little lock of hair,
plastered in a spiral form on the temple or forehead with
spittle, or other adhesive substance.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Spite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbreviated fr.
<ets>despite</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ill-will or hatred
toward another, accompanied with the disposition to irritate,
annoy, or thwart; petty malice; grudge; rancor; despite.</def>
<au>Pope.</au>
<q>This is the deadly <qex>spite</qex> that angers.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Vexation; chargrin; mortification.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><mcol><col>In spite of</col>, <or/ <col>Spite
of</col></mcol>, <cd>in opposition to all efforts of; in defiance
or contempt of; notwithstanding. \'bdContinuing, <xex>spite
of<xex> pain, to use a knee after it had been slightly
ibnjured.\'b8 <au>H. Spenser</au>. \'bdAnd saved me <xex>in spite
of<xex> the world, the devil, and myself.\'b8 <au>South</au>.
\'bd<xex>In spite of<xex> all applications, the patient grew
worse every day.\'b8 <au>Arbuthnot</au>. See Syn. under
<er>Notwithstanding</er>.</cd> -- <col>To owe one a spite</col>,
<cd>to entertain a mean hatred for him.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Pique, rancor; malevolence; grudge.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Spite</er>, <er>Malice</er>. <xex>Malice</xex> has more
reference to the disposition, and <xex>spite</xex> to the
manifestation of it in words and actions. It is, therefore,
meaner than <xex>malice</xex>, thought not always more criminal.
\'bd <xex>Malice</xex> . . . is more frequently employed to
express the dispositions of inferior minds to execute every
purpose of mischief within the more limited circle of their
abilities.\'b8 <au>Cogan</au>. \'bdConsider eke, that
<xex>spite</xex> availeth naught.\'b8 <au>Wyatt</au>. See
<er>Pique</er>.</usage>
<hw>Spite</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spited</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spiting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be angry at;
to hate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The Danes, then . . . pagans, <qex>spited</qex> places of
religion.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To treat maliciously; to try to injure or
thwart.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fill with spite; to offend; to vex.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Darius, <qex>spited</qex> at the Magi, endeavored to abolish
not only their learning, but their language.</q>
<qau>Sir. W. Temple.</qau>
<-- p. 1389 -->
<hw>Spite"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Filled with,
or showing, spite; having a desire to vex, annoy, or injure;
malignant; malicious; <as>as, a <ex>spiteful</ex> person or
act</as>.</def> <au>Shak.</au> --
<wordforms><wf>Spite"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<wf>Spite"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spit"fire`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A violent,
irascible, or passionate person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Grose.</au>
<hw>Spit"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spitfuls</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A spadeful.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spit"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having spite;
spiteful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spit"ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Spitefully.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Spits"cocked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Spitchcocked.</def>
<hw>Spit"ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Spit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Put upon a spit; pierced
as if by a spit.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Shot out long; -- said of antlers.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Spit"ted</hw>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of <er>Spit</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>, to eject, to spit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Spit</er> to eject from the mouth.]</ety> <def>One who ejects
saliva from the mouth.</def>
<hw>Spit"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Spit</er> an iron
prong.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who puts meat on a spit.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young deer whose antlers
begin to shoot or become sharp; a brocket, or pricket.</def>
<hw>Spit"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spital</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Spit"tle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Spit</er> to
spade.]</ety> <def>To dig or stir with a small spade.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spit"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small sort of
spade.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spit"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Spit</er> to
eject from the mouth: cf. <er>Spattle</er>, and AS.
<ets>sp\'betl</ets>.]</ety> <def>The thick, moist matter which is
secreted by the salivary glands; saliva; spit.</def>
<cs><col>Spittle insect</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Cuckoo spit</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under
<er>Cuckoo</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spit"tly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like spittle;
slimy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spit*toon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A spitbox; a
cuspidor.</def>
<hw>Spit"-ven"om</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Poison
spittle; poison ejected from the mouth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Hooker.</au>
<hw>Spitz" dog"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[G. <ets>spitz</ets>,
<ets>spitzhund</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A breed
of dogs having erect ears and long silky hair, usually white; --
called also <altname>Pomeranian dog</altname>, and
<altname>louploup</altname>.</def>
<hw>Spitz"en*burgh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind
of red and yellow apple, of medium size and spicy flavor. It
originated at Newtown, on Long Island.</def>
<hw>\'d8Splanch`napoph"y*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Splanchnapophyses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.
<ety>[NL. See <er>Splanchnic</er>, and <er>Apophysis</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any element of the skeleton in relation
with the alimentary canal, as the jaws and hyoidean
apparatus.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Splanch`nap`o*phys"i*al</wf>
<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<au> Mivart.</au>
<hw>Splanch"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ an entrail.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to the viscera; visceral.</def>
<hw>Splanch*nog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ an entrail + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Splanchnology.</def>
<hw>Splanch*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ an entrail + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part
of anatomy which treats of the viscera; also, a treatise on the
viscera.</def>
<hw>Splanch"no*pleure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ an entrail + <?/<?/<?/<?/ side.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The inner, or visceral, one of the two
lamell\'91 into which the vertebrate blastoderm divides on either
side of the notochord, and from which the walls of the enteric
canal and the umbilical vesicle are developed. See
<er>Somatopleure</er>.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Splanch`no*pleu"ric</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Splanch`no-skel"e*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ an entrail + E.
<ets>skeleton</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of
the skeleton connected with the sense organs and the
viscera.</def>
<au>Owen.</au>
<hw>Splanch*not"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ an entrail + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>The
dissection, or anatomy, of the viscera.</def>
<hw>Splan"drel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spandrel</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Splash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Splashed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Splashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to
<ets>plash</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike and dash
about, as water, mud, etc.; to plash.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To spatter water, mud, etc., upon; to wet.</def>
<hw>Splash</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To strike and dash about
water, mud, etc.; to dash in such a way as to spatter.</def>
<hw>Splash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Water, or water
and dirt, thrown upon anything, or thrown from a puddle or the
like; also, a spot or daub, as of matter which wets or
disfigures.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A noise made by striking upon or in a
liquid.</def>
<hw>Splash"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A guard
in the front part of vehicle, to prevent splashing by a mud or
water from the horse's heels; -- in the United States commonly
called <xex>dashboard</xex>.</def>
<hw>Splash"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, splashes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the guarde over the wheels, as of a
carriage, locomotive, etc.</def>
<au>Weale.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A guard to keep off splashes from
anything.</def>
<hw>Splash"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of dirty
water; wet and muddy, so as be easily splashed about;
slushy.</def>
<hw>Splat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To
spatter; to splash.</def>
<hw>Splat"ter*dash`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n .</pos>
<def>Uproar.</def>
<au>Jamieson.</au>
<hw>Splay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. of
<ets>display</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To display; to
spread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdOur ensigns
<xex>splayed</xex>.\'b8
<au>Gascoigne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dislocate, as a shoulder bone.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To spay; to castrate.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To turn on one side; to render oblique; to slope
or slant, as the side of a door, window, etc.</def>
<au>Oxf. Gloss.</au>
<hw>Splay</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Displayed; spread out; turned
outward; hence, flat; ungainly; <as>as, <ex>splay</ex>
shoulders</as>.</def>
<q>Sonwthing <qex>splay</qex>, something blunt-edged, unhandy,
and infelicitous.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>
<hw>Splay</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A slope or
bevel, especially of the sides of a door or window, by which the
opening is made larged at one face of the wall than at the other,
or larger at each of the faces than it is between them.</def>
<hw>Splay"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Splayfeet</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A foot that is
abnormally flattened and spread out; flat foot.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Splay"foot`</hw>, <hw>Splay"foot`ed</hw> }</mhw>
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a splayfoot or splayfeet.</def>
<hw>Splay"mouth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Splaymouths</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <def>A wide mouth; a
mouth stretched in derision.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Splay`mouthed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
splaymouth.</def>
<au>T. Brown.</au>
<hw>Spleen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>splen</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ the milt or spleen, affection
of the spleen; cf. L. <ets>lien</ets>, <ets>plihan</ets>,
<ets>pl\'c6han</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>A peculiar glandlike but ductless organ found near the
stomach or intestine of most vertebrates and connected with the
vascular system; the milt. Its exact function in not known.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anger; latent spite; ill humor; malice; <as>as,
to vent one's <ex>spleen</ex></as>.</def>
<q>In noble minds some dregs remain,
Not yet purged off, of <qex>spleen</qex> and sour disdain.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fit of anger; choler.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sudden motion or action; a fit; a freak; a
whim.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>
<q>A thousand <qex>spleens</qex> bear her a thousand ways.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Melancholy; hypochondriacal affections.</def>
<q>Bodies changed to various forms by <qex>spleen</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>There is a luxury in self-dispraise:
And inward self-disparagement affords
To meditative <qex>spleen</qex> a grateful feast.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A fit of immoderate laughter or merriment.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Thy silly thought enforces my <qex>spleen</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Spleen</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dislke.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hacket.</au>
<hw>Spleened</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Deprived of the spleen.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Angered; annoyed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>R. North.</au>
<hw>Spleen"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Displaying,
or affected with, spleen; angry; fretful; melancholy.</def>
<q>Myself have calmed their <qex>spleenful</qex> mutiny.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Then rode Geraint, a little <qex>spleenful</qex> yet,
Across the bridge that spann'd the dry ravine.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Spleen"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Spleeny; affected with
spleen; fretful.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Spleen"ish*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Spleen"ish*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spleen"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no spleen; hence,
kind; gentle; mild.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Spleen"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spleen</ets> + <ets>wort</ets>; cf. L.
<ets>splenium</ets>, <ets>asplenium</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/,
<?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/. ]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any fern
of the genus <spn>Asplenium</spn>, some species of which were
anciently used as remedies for disorders of the spleen.</def>
<hw>Spleen"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Irritable; peevish; fretful.</def>
<q><qex>Spleeny</qex> Lutheran, and not wholesome to
Our cause.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affected with nervous complaints;
melancholy.</def>
<hw>Spleg"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Pledget</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cloth dipped in
a liquid for washing a sore.</def>
<au>Crabb.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sple*nal"gi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ spleen + <?/<?/<?/ pain.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pain over the region of the spleen.</def>
<hw>\'d8Splen"cu*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Splenculi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L.
<ets>splen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A
lienculus.</def>
<hw>Splen"dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>splendens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of
<ets>splendere</ets> to shine.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Shining;
glossy; beaming with light; lustrous; <as>as, <ex>splendent</ex>
planets; <ex>splendent</ex> metals</as>. See the Note under 3d
<er>Luster</er>, 4.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Very conspicuous; illustrious.</def> \'bdGreat
and <xex>splendent</xex> fortunes.\'b8<-- MW10 "brillian;
splendent genius" -->
<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<hw>Splen"did</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>splendidus</ets>, fr. <ets>splendere</ets> shine; cf. Lith.
<ets>splend\'89ti</ets>: cf. F. <ets>splendide</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessing or displaying splendor; shining; very
bright; <as>as, a <ex>splendid</ex> sun</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Showy; magnificent; sumptuous; pompous; <as>as,
a <ex>splendid</ex> palace; a <ex>splendid</ex> procession or
pageant.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Illustrious; heroic; brilliant; celebrated;
famous; <as>as, a <ex>splendid</ex> victory or
reputation</as>.</def>
<hw>Splen*did"i*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Splendid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Splen"did*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
splendid manner; magnificently.</def>
<hw>Splen"did*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
splendid.</def>
<hw>Splen"did*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Splendid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Splen*dif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Splendor-bearing; splendid.</def> <au>Bale (1538)</au>.
\'bdA <xex>splendiferous</xex> woman.\'b8 <au>Haliburton</au>.
<mark>[Now used humorously.]</mark>
<hw>Splen"dor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L. fr.
<ets>splendere</ets> to shine: cf. F.
<ets>splendeur</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Great brightness;
brilliant luster; brilliancy; <as>as, the <ex>splendor</ex> ot
the sun</as>.</def>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Magnifience; pomp; parade; <as>as, the
<ex>splendor</ex> of equipage, ceremonies, processions, and the
like</as>.</def> \'bdRejoice in <xex>splendor</xex> of mine
own.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Brilliancy; glory; <as>as, the <ex>splendor</ex>
of a victory</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Luster; brilliancy; magnifience; gorgeousness;
display; showiness; pomp; parade; grandeur.</syn>
<mhw>{ <hw>Splen"drous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Splen"dor*ous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Splendid.</def>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Splen"e*tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spleneticus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>spl\'82n\'82tique</ets>. See
<er>Spleen</er>.]</ety> <def>Affected with spleen; malicious;
spiteful; peevish; fretful.</def> \'bd<xex>Splenetic</xex>
guffaw.\'b8
<au>G. Eliot.</au>
<q>You humor me when I am sick;
Why not when I am <qex>splenetic</qex>?</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Morese; gloomy; sullen; peevish; fretful.</syn>
<hw>Splen"e*tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person affected with
spleen.</def>
<hw>Sple*net"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Splenetic.</def>
<hw>Sple*net"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a splenetical
manner.</def>
<hw>Sple"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>splenium</ets> a plaster, a patch, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a
bandage.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Designating
the splenial bone.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to
the splenial bone or splenius muscle.</def>
<cs><col>Splenial bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a thin
splintlike bone on the inner side of the proximal portion of the
mandible of many vertebrates.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sple"ni*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The
splenial bone.</def>
<hw>Splen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>splenicus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/; cf. F.
<ets>spl\'82nique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to the spleen; lienal; <as>as, the <ex>splenic</ex>
vein</as>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Splenic apoplexy</col> <or/
<col>fever</col></mcol>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Anthrax</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd></cs>
<hw>Splen"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Splenic.</def>
<hw>Splen"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Spleenish.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sple*ni"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ of the spleen.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Inflammation of the spleen.</def>
<hw>Splen"i*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Splenetic.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Even and smooth as seemed the temperament of the nonchalant,
languid Virginian -- not <qex>splenitive</qex> or rash.</q>
<qau>T. N. Page.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Sple"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L., a
plaster, a patch, from Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a bandage,
compress.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The thickened posterior
border of the corpus callosum; -- so called in allusion to its
shape.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sple"ni*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A flat muscle of the
back of the neck.</def>
<hw>Splen`i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid state of the lung produced by
inflammation, in which its tissue resembles that of the
spleen.</def>
<hw>Splen"o*cele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/<?/ spleen + <?/<?/<?/ a tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Hernia formed by the spleen.</def>
<hw>Sple*nog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ spleen + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description
of the spleen.</def>
<hw>Sple"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/
spleeen + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>Resembling the spleen; spleenlike.</def>
<hw>Sple*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ spleen + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The branch of
science which treats of the spleen.</def>
<hw>Sple*not"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/<?/<?/ spleen + <?/<?/<?/ to cut.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Dissection or anatomy of the
spleen.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An incision
into the spleen; removal of the spleen by incision.</def>
<hw>Splent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>See
<er>Splent</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>See <cref>Splent coal</cref>, below.</def>
<cs><col>Splent coal</col>, <cd>an inferior kind of cannel coal
from Scotch collieries; -- called also <altname>splent</altname>,
<altname>splint</altname>, and <altname>splint
coal</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spleu"chan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.
<ets>spliuchan</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pouch, as for tobacco.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Splice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spliced</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Splicing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>splitsen</ets>,
<ets>splitten</ets>; akin to G. <ets>splissen</ets>, Sw.
<ets>splissa</ets>, Dan. <ets>splisse</ets>, and E.
<ets>split</ets>; -- from the dividing or splitting the ends into
separate strands. See <er>Split</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To unite, as two ropes, or parts of a rope, by a
particular manner of interweaving the strands, -- the union being
between two ends, or between an end and the body of a rope.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite, as spars, timbers, rails, etc., by
lapping the two ends together, or by applying a piece which laps
upon the two ends, and then binding, or in any way making
fast.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To unite in marrige.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<cs><col>Splice grafting</col>.<cd>ee under
<er>Grafting</er>.</cd> -- <col>To splice the main brace</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to give out, or drink, an extra allowance
of spirits on occasion of special exposure to wet or cold, or to
severe fatigue; hence, to take a dram.</cd></cs>
<hw>Splice</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A junction or joining made by
splicing.</def>
<hw>Spline</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
rectangular piece fitting grooves like key seats in a hub and a
shaft, so that while the one may slide endwise on the other, both
must revolve together; a feather; also, sometimes, a groove to
receive such a rectangular piece.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A long, flexble piece of wood sometimes used as
a ruler.</def>
<hw>Splin"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a
spline.</def>
<cs><col>Splining machine</col>, <cd>a machine tool for cutting
grooves, key seats, or slots; a slotting machine.</cd></cs>
<hw>Splint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D.
<ets>splinter</ets>,G. <ets>splinter</ets>, <ets>splitter</ets>,
Dan. <ets>splint</ets>, Sw. <ets>splint</ets> a kind of spike, a
forelock (in nautical use), Sw. <ets>splinta</ets>to splint,
splinter, Dan. <ets>splinte</ets>, and E. <ets>split</ets>. See
<er>Split</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Splent</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece split off; a splinter.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A thin piece of wood, or
other substance, used to keep in place, or protect, an injured
part, especially a broken bone when set.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A splint bone.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A disease affecting the splint
bones, as a callosity or hard excrescence.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Anc. Armor.)</fld> <def>One of the small plates
of metal used in making splint armor. See <cref>Splint
armor</cref>, below.</def>
<q>The knees and feet were defended by <qex>splints</qex>, or
thin plates of steel.</q>
<qau>Sir. W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Splint, or splent, coal. See <cref>Splent
coal</cref>, under <er>Splent</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Splint armor</col>,<cd>a kind of ancient armor formed of
thin plates of metal, usually overlapping each other and allowing
the limbs to move freely.</cd> -- <col>Splint bone</col>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the rudimentary, splintlike
metacarpal or metatarsal bones on either side of the cannon bone
in the limbs of the horse and allied animals.</cd> -- <col>Splint
coal</col>. <cd>See <cref>Splent coal</cref>, under
<er>Splent</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Splint</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Splinted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Splinting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To split into splints, or
thin, slender pieces; to splinter; to shiver</def>. <mark>[Obs.
or R.]</mark>
<au>Florio.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fasten or confine with splints, as a broken
limb. See <er>Splint</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Splin"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Splintered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Splintering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LG.
<ets>splittern</ets>, <ets>splinteren</ets>. See <er>Splint</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Split</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To split
or rend into long, thin pieces; to shiver; <as>as, the lightning
<ex>splinters</ex> a tree</as>.</def>
<q>After <qex>splintering</qex> their lances, they wheeled about,
and . . . abandoned the field to the enemy.</q>
<qau>Prescott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fasten or confine with splinters, or splints,
as a broken limb.</def>
<au>Bp. Wren.</au>
<hw>Splin"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become split into
long pieces.</def>
<hw>Splin"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Splinter</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>, or <er>Splint</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A
thin piece split or rent off lengthwise, as from wood, bone, or
other solid substance; a thin piece; a sliver; <as>as,
<ex>splinters</ex> of a ship's mast rent off by a
shot</as>.</def>
<-- p. 1390 -->
<cs><col>Splinter bar</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A crossbar in a
coach, which supports the springs</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The bar
to which the traces are attached; a roller bolt; a
whiffletree.</cd></cs>
<hw>Splin"ter*proof`</hw>
<pr>(spl<icr/n"t<etil/r*pr<oomac/f`)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Proof against the splinters, or fragments,
of bursting shells.</def>
<hw>Splin"ter*y</hw> <pr>(-<ycr/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Consisting of splinters; resembling splinters; <as>as, the
<ex>splintery</ex> fracture of a mineral</as>.</def>
<hw>Split</hw> <pr>(spl<icr/t)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Split</er>
(<er>Splitted</er>, <mark>R.</mark>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Splitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably of Scand. or Low
german origin; cf. Dan. <ets>splitte</ets>, LG.
<ets>splitten</ets>, OD. <ets>splitten</ets>,
<ets>spletten</ets>, D. <ets>splijten</ets>, G.
<ets>spleissen</ets>, MHG. <ets>spl\'c6zen</ets>. Cf.
<er>Splice</er>, <er>Splint</er>, <er>Splinter</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To divide lengthwise; to separate from end to
end, esp. by force; to divide in the direction of the grain
layers; to rive; to cleave; <as>as, to <ex>split</ex> a piece of
timber or a board; to <ex>split</ex> a gem; to <ex>split</ex> a
sheepskin</as>.</def>
<q>Cold winter <qex>split</qex> the rocks in twain.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To burst; to rupture; to rend; to tear
asunder.</def>
<q>A huge vessel of exceeding hard marble <qex>split</qex>
asunder by congealed water.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To divide or break up into parts or divisions,
as by discord; to separate into parts or parties, as a political
party; to disunite.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>South.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To divide or separate into
components; -- often used with <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to
<ex>split</ex> up sugar into alcohol and carbonic
acid</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To split hairs</col>, <cd>to make distinctions of
useless nicety.</cd></cs>
<hw>Split</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To part
asunder; to be rent; to burst; <as>as, vessels <ex>split</ex> by
the freezing of water in them</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be broken; to be dashed to pieces.</def>
<q>The ship <qex>splits</qex> on the rock.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To separate into parties or factions.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To burst with laughter.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>Each had a gravity would make you <qex>split</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To divulge a secret; to betray confidence; to
peach.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<cs><col>To split on a rock</col>, <cd>to err fatally; to have
the hopes and designs frustrated.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spilt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A crack, or longitudinl
fissure.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A breach or separation, as in a political party;
a division.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A piece that is split off, or made thin, by
splitting; a splinter; a fragment.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Specif <fld>(Leather Manuf.)</fld>, one of the
sections of a skin made by dividing it into two or more
thicknesses.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Faro)</fld> <def>A division of a stake
happening when two cards of the kind on which the stake is laid
are dealt in the same turn.</def>
<hw>Split</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Divided;
cleft.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Divided deeply; cleft.</def>
<cs><col>Split pease</col>, <cd>hulled pease split for making
soup, etc.</cd> -- <col>Split pin</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a
pin with one end split so that it may be spread open to secure it
in its place.</cd> -- <col>Split pulley</col>, <cd>a parting
pulley. See under <er>Pulley</er>.</cd> -- <col>Split ring</col>,
<cd>a ring with overlapped or interlocked ends which may be
sprung apart so that objects, as keys, may be strung upon the
ring or removed from it.</cd> -- <col>Split ticket</col>, <cd>a
ballot containing the names of only a portion of the candidates
regularly nominated by one party, other names being substituted
for those omitted.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Split"feet`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Fissipedia.</def>
<hw>Split"-tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A california market fish
(<spn>Pogonichthys macrolepidotus</spn>) belonging to the Carp
family.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The pintail duck.</def>
<hw>Split"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, splits.</def>
<hw>Split"-tongued`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a forked tongue, as that of
snakes and some lizards.</def>
<hw>Splotch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Splash</er>.]</ety> <def>A spot; a stain; a daub.</def>
<au>R. Browning.</au>
<hw>Splotch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered or
marked with splotches.</def>
<hw>Splurge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A blustering
demonstration, or great effort; a great display.</def>
<mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Splurge</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a great display
in any way, especially in oratory.</def> <mark>[Slang,
U.S.]</mark>
<-- 2. To spend money freely or extravagantly, in one episode;
usu. with "on" -- as, to <ex>splurge</ex> on a new hi-fi system.
-->
<-- v.t. to spend extravagantly. -->
<hw>Splut"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spluttered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spluttering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prov. E.
<ets>splutter</ets>, eqivalent to <ets>sputter</ets>. Cf.
<er>Sputter</er>.]</ety> <def>To speak hastily and confusedly; to
sputter.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Carleton.</au>
<hw>Splut"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A confused noise, as of
hasty speaking.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Splut"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
splutters.</def>
<hw>Spod"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>spodo`s</grk> ashes + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Divination by means of ashes.</def>
<hw>Spod`o*man"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating
to spodomancy, or divination by means of ashes.</def>
<au>C. Kingsley.</au>
<hw>Spod"u*mene</hw> <pr>(?; 135), <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
p. pr. pass. from <?/ to burn to ashes, from <grk>spodo`s</grk>
ashes; cf. F. <ets>spodum\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>A mineral of a white to yellowish, purplish, or
emerald-green color, occuring in prismatic crystals, often of
great size. It is a silicate of aluminia and lithia. See
<er>Hiddenite</er>.</def>
<hw>Spof"fish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[probably
from Prov. E. <ets>spoffle</ets> to be spoffish.]</ety>
<def>Earnest and active in matters of no moment; bustling.</def>
<mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<hw>Spoil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spoiled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>
or <er>Spoilt</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spoiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>spolier</ets>, OF.
<ets>espoilelier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>spoliare</ets>, fr.
<ets>spolium</ets> spoil. Cf. <er>Despoil</er>,
<er>Spoliation</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To plunder; to strip
by violence; to pillage; to rob; -- with <xex>of</xex> before the
name of the thing taken; <as>as, to <ex>spoil</ex> one of his
goods or possession</as>.</def> \'bdYe shall <xex>spoil</xex> the
Egyptians.\'b8
<au>Ex. iii. 22.</au>
<q>My sons their old, unhappy sire despise,
<qex>Spoiled</qex> of his kingdom, and deprived of eues.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To seize by violence;; to take by force; to
plunder.</def>
<q>No man can enter into a strong man's house, and
<qex>spoil</qex> his goods, except he will first bind the strong
man.</q>
<qau>Mark iii. 27.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to decay and perish; to corrput; to
vitiate; to mar.</def>
<q>Spiritual pride <qex>spils</qex> many graces.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To render useless by injury; to injure fatally;
to ruin; to destroy; <as>as, to <ex>spoil</ex> paper; to have the
crops <ex>spoiled</ex> by insects; to <ex>spoil</ex> the eyes by
reading.</as></def>
<hw>Spoil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
practice plunder or robbery.</def>
<q>Outlaws, which, lurking in woods, used to break forth to rob
and <qex>spoil</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lose the valuable qualities; to be corrupted;
to decay; <as>as, fruit will soon <ex>spoil</ex> in warm
weather</as>.</def>
<hw>Spoil</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>espoille</ets>,
L. <ets>spolium</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is
taken from another by violence; especially, the plunder taken
from an enemy; pillage; booty.</def>
<q>Gentle gales,
Fanning their odoriferous wings, dispense
Native perfumes, and whisper whence they stole
Those balmy <qex>spoils</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Public offices and their emoluments regarded as
the peculiar property of a successful party or faction, to be
bestowed for its own advantage; -- commonly in the plural; as to
the victor belong the <xex>spoils</xex>.</def>
<q>From a principle of gratitude I adhered to the coalition; my
vote was counted in the day of battle, but I was overlooked in
the division of the <qex>spoil</qex>.</q>
<qau>Gibbon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is gained by strength or
effort.</def>
<q>each science and each art his <qex>spoil</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bentley.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act or practice of plundering; robbery;
aste.</def>
<q>The man that hath no music in himself,
Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds,
Is fit for treason, stratagems, and <qex>spoil</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Corruption; cause of corruption.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<q>Villainous company hath been the <qex>spoil</qex> of me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The slough, or cast skin, of a serpent or other
animal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<cs><col>Spoil bank</col>, <cd>a bank formed by the earth taken
from an excavation, as of a canal.</cd> -- <col>The spoils
system</col>, <cd>the theory or practice of regarding public and
their emoluments as so much plunder to be distributed among their
active partisans by those who are chosen to responsible offices
of administration.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spoil"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being spoiled.</def>
<hw>Spoil"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who spoils; a plunderer; a pillager; a robber; a
despoiler.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who corrupts, mars, or renders
useless.</def>
<hw>Spoil"five`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A certain
game at cards in which, if no player wins three of the five
tricks possible on any deal, the game is said to be
<xex>spoiled</xex>.</def>
<hw>Spoil"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wasteful;
rapacious.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<hw>Spoils"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spoilsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who serves a
cause or a party for a share of the spoils; in United States
politics, one who makes or recognizes a demand for public office
on the ground of partisan service; also, one who sanctions such a
policy in appointments to the public service.</def>
<hw>Spoils"mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
promises or distributes public offices and their emoluments as
the price of services to a party or its leaders.</def>
<hw>Spoke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Speak</er>.</def>
<hw>Spoke</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>spoke</ets>,
<ets>spake</ets>, AS, <ets>sp\'beca</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>speek</ets>, LG. <ets>speke</ets>, OHG. <ets>speihha</ets>,
G. <ets>speiche</ets>. <root/170. Cf. <er>Spike</er> a
nail.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The radius or ray of a wheel; one
of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and
which serve to support the rim or felly.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A projecting handle of a
steering wheel.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A rung, or round, of a ladder.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A contrivance for fastening the wheel of a
vehicle, to prevent it from turning in going down a hill.</def>
<cs><col>To put a spoke in one's wheel</col>, <cd>to thwart or
obstruct one in the execution of some design.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spoke</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spoked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spoking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with spokes, as a
wheel.</def>
<hw>Spo"ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[p.p. of
<er>Speak</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Uttered in speech;
delivered by word of mouth; oral; <as>as, a <ex>spoken</ex>
narrative; the <ex>spoken</ex> word</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by a certain manner or style in
speaking; -- often in composition; <as>as, a
pleasant-<ex>spoken</ex> man</as>.</def>
<q>Methinks you 're better <qex>spoken</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Spoke"shave`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
drawing knife or planing tool for dressing the spokes of wheels,
the shells of blocks, and other curved work.</def>
<hw>Spokes"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spokesmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Speak</ets>,
<ets>spoke</ets> + <ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who speaks for
another.</def>
<q>He shall be thy <qex>spokesman</qex> unto the people.</q>
<qau>Ex. iv. 16.</qau>
<hw>Spo"li*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spoliated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Spoliating</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>spoliatus</ets>, p.p. of
<ets>spoliare</ets> spoil. See <er>Spoil</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To plunder; to pillage; to despoil; to
rob.</def>
<hw>Spo`li*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spoliatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>spoliation</ets>. See
<er>Spoil</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act
of plundering; robbery; deprivation; despoliation.</def>
<q>Legal <qex>spoliation</qex>, which will impoverish one part of
the community in order to corrupt the remainder.</q>
<qau>Sir G. C. Lewis.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Robbery or plunder in war; especially, the
authorized act or practice of plundering neutrals at sea.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of
an incumbent in taking the fruits of his benefice without right,
but under a pretended title.</def>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A process for possession of a church in a
spiritual court</def>.
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Injury done to a
document.</def>
<hw>Spo"li*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>spoliatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to take away, diminish,
or rob; esp. <fld>(Med.)</fld>, serving to diminish sensibily the
amount of blood in the body; <as>as, <ex>spoliative</ex>
bloodletting</as>.</def>
<hw>Spo"li*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
spoliates; a spoiler.</def>
<hw>Spo"li*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending
to spoil; destructive; spoliative.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spon*da"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spon*da"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spondaicus</ets>, <ets>spondiacus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>sponda\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Or of
pertaining to a spondee; consisting of spondees.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Containing spondees in excess; marked by
spondees; <as>as, a <ex>spondaic</ex> hexameter, <it>i. e.</it>,
one which has a spondee instead of a dactyl in the fifth
foot.</def>
<hw>Spon"dee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spondeus</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ a drink offering,
libation, fr. <?/ to pour out, make a libation: cf. F.
<ets>spond\'82e</ets>. So called because at libations slow,
solemn melodies were used, chiefly in this meter.]</ety>
<fld>(pros.)</fld> <def>A poetic foot of two long syllables, as
in the Latin word <xex>l\'c7g\'c7s</xex>.</def>
<hw>Spon*du"lics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Money.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spon"dyl</hw>, <hw>Spon"dyle</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>spondylus</ets>, Gr.
<?/, <?/: cf. F. <ets>spondyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>A joint of the backbone; a vertebra.</def>
<hw>Spong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>An irregular, narrow, projecting part of a
field.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sponge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>esponge</ets>, F. <ets>\'82ponge</ets>, L.
<ets>spongia</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/. Cf. <er>Fungus</er>,
<er>Spunk</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also
<asp>spunge</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of Spongi\'91, or Porifera. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. and Note under <er>Spongi\'91</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The elastic fibrous skeleton of many species of
horny Spongi\'91 (keratosa), used for many purposes, especially
the varieties of the genus <spn>Spongia</spn>. The most valuable
sponges are found in the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, and on
the coasts of Florida and the West Indies.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: One who lives upon others; a pertinaceous
and indolent dependent; a parasite; a sponger.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any spongelike substance.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Dough before it is kneaded and formed into
loaves, and after it is converted into a light, spongy mass by
the agency of the yeast or leaven</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Iron
from the puddling furnace, in a pasty condition</def>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Iron ore, in masses, reduced but not melted or
worked.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A mop for cleaning the bore of
a cannon after a discharge. It consists of a cylinder of wood,
covered with sheepskin with the wool on, or cloth with a heavy
looped nap, and having a handle, or staff.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The extremity, or point, of a
horseshoe, answering to the heel.</def>
<cs><col>Bath sponge</col>, <cd>any one of several varieties of
coarse commercial sponges, especially <spn>Spongia
equina</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Cup sponge</col>, <cd>a toilet sponge
growing in a cup-shaped form.</cd> -- <col>Glass sponge</col>.
<cd>See <er>Glass-sponge</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> --
<col>Glove sponge</col>, <cd>a variety of commercial sponge
(<spn>Spongia officinalis</spn>, variety <spn>tubulufera</spn>),
having very fine fibers, native of Florida, and the West
Indies.</cd> -- <col>Grass sponge</col>, <cd>any one of several
varieties of coarse commercial sponges having the surface
irregularly tufted, as <spn>Spongia graminea</spn>, and <spn>S.
equina</spn>, variety <spn>cerebriformis</spn>, of Florida and
the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Horse sponge</col>, <cd>a coarse
commercial sponge, especially <spn>Spongia equina</spn>.</cd> --
<col>Platinum sponge</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Platinum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pyrotechnical sponge</col>, <cd>a
substance made of mushrooms or fungi, which are boiled in water,
dried, and beaten, then put in a strong lye prepared with
saltpeter, and again dried in an oven. This makes the black
match, or tinder, brought from Germany.</cd> -- <col>Sheep's-wool
sponge</col>, <cd>a fine and durable commercial sponge
(<spn>Spongia equina</spn>, variety <spn>gossypina</spn>) found
in Florida and the West Indies. The surface is covered with
larger and smaller tufts, having the oscula between them.</cd> --
<col>Sponge cake</col>, <cd>a kind of sweet cake which is light
and spongy.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sponge lead</col>, <or/
<col>Spongy lead</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>metallic
lead brought to a spongy form by reduction of lead salts, or by
compressing finely divided lead; -- used in secondary batteries
and otherwise.</cd> -- <col>Sponge tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a tropical leguminous tree (<spn>Acacia Farnesiana</spn>),
with deliciously fragrant flowers, which are used in
perfumery.</cd> -- <col>Toilet sponge</col>, <cd>a very fine and
superior variety of Mediterranean sponge (<spn>Spongia
officinalis</spn>, variety <spn>Mediterranea</spn>); -- called
also <altname>turkish sponge</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To set a
sponge</col> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>, <cd>to leaven a small mass of
flour, to be used in leavening a larger quantity.</cd> -- <col>To
throw up the sponge</col>, <cd>to give up a contest; to
acknowledge defeat; -- from a custom of the prize ring, the
person employed to sponge a pugilist between rounds throwing his
sponge in the air in token of defeat. <mark>[Cant or
Slang]</mark> \'bdHe was too brave a man <xex>to throw up the
sponge<xex> to fate.\'b8</cd> <au>Lowell.</au><-- now, through in
the towel is more common, and has the same origin and meaning.
--> -- <col>Vegetable sponge</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Loof</er>.</cd> -- <col>Velvet sponge</col>, <cd>a fine, soft
commercial sponge (<spn>Spongia equina</spn>, variety
<spn>meandriniformis</spn>) found in Florida and the West
Indies.</cd> -- <col>Vitreous sponge</col>. <cd>See
<er>Glass-sponge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Yellow sponge</col>, <cd>a
common and valuable commercial sponge (<spn>Spongia
agaricina</spn>, variety <varn>corlosia</varn>) found in Florida
and the West Indies.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sponge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sponged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sponging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To cleanse or wipe with a sponge; <as>as, to <ex>sponge</ex>
a slate or a cannon</as>; to wet with a sponge; <as>as, to
<ex>sponge</ex> cloth</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wipe out with a sponge, as letters or
writing; to efface; to destroy all trace of.</def>
<au>Hooker.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: To deprive of something by
imposition.</def> \'bdHow came such multitudes of our nation . .
. to be <xex>sponged</xex> of their plate and their money?\'b8
<au>South.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: To get by imposition or mean arts without
cost; <as>as, to <ex>sponge</ex> a breakfast</as>.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Sponge</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To suck in, or
imbile, as a sponge.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To gain by mean arts, by intrusion, or
hanging on; <as>as, an idler <ex>sponges</ex> on his
neighbor</as>.</def>
<au>E. Eggleston.</au>
<q>The fly is an intruder, and a common smell-feast, that
<qex>sponges</qex> upon other people's trenchers.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be converted, as dough, into a light, spongy
mass by the agency of yeast, or leaven.</def>
<hw>Sponge"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spongiole</er>.</def>
<hw>Spon"geous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Spongious</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling sponge; having the
nature or qualities of sponge.</def>
<hw>Spon"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who sponges, or uses a sponge.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One employed in gathering sponges.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: A parasitical dependent; a
hanger-on.</def>
<-- p. 1391 -->
<hw>\'d8Spon"gi*\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Sponge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
grand division of the animal kingdom which includes the sponges;
-- called also <altname>Spongida</altname>,
<altname>Spongiaria</altname>, <altname>Spongiozoa</altname>, and
<altname>Porifera</altname>.</def>
<note><hand/ In the Spongi\'91, the soft sarcode of the body is
usually supported by a skeleton consisting of horny fibers, or of
silleceous or calcareous spicules. The common sponges contain
larger and smaller cavities and canals, and numerous small
ampull\'91 which which are lined with ciliated cells capable of
taking in solid food. The outer surface usually has minute pores
through which water enters, and large openings for its exit.
Sponges produce eggs and spermatozoa, and the egg when fertilized
undergoes segmentation to form a ciliated embryo.</note>
<hw>\'d8Spon"gi*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Spongi\'91.</def>
<hw>Spon"gi*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling
a sponge; soft and porous; porous.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spon*gil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
dim. of <ets>spongia</ets> a sponge.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A genus of siliceous spongea found in fresh water.</def>
<hw>Spon"gin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.
Chem.)</fld> <def>The chemical basis of sponge tissue, a
nitrogenous, hornlike substance which on decomposition with
sulphuric acid yields leucin and glycocoll.</def>
<hw>Spon"gi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being spongy.</def>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Spon"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from
<er>Sponge</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Sponging house</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a
bailiff's or other house in which debtors are put before being
taken to jail, or until they compromise with their creditors. At
these houses extortionate charges are commonly made for food,
lodging, etc.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spon"gi*ole</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spongiola</ets> a rose gall, small roots, dim. of
<ets>spongia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>spongiole</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A supposed spongelike expansion of the tip
of a rootlet for absorbing water; -- called also
<altname>spongelet</altname>.</def>
<hw>Spon"gi*o*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
sponge + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One
of the microsporic siliceous spicules which occur abundantly in
the texture of sponges, and are sometimes found fossil, as in
flints.</def>
<hw>Spon`gi*o*pi"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/, dim. of <?/ a sponge + <?/ felt.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>A kind of cloth interwoven with small pieces of sponge and
rendered waterproof on one side by a covering of rubber. When
moistend with hot water it is used as a poultice.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spon"gi*ose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spon"gi*ous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spongious</ets>, <ets>spongeosus</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>spongieux</ets>. See <er>Sponge</er>.]</ety> <def>Somewhat
spongy; spongelike; full of small cavities like sponge; <as>as,
<ex>spongious</ex> bones</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spon`gi*o*zo"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., Gr. <?/ sponge + <?/ an animal.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Spongl\'91</er>.</def>
<hw>Spon"go*blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
sponge + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One
of the cells which, in sponges, secrete the spongin, or the
material of the horny fibers.</def>
<hw>Spon"goid</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
sponge + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling sponge; like
sponge.</def>
<hw>Spon"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Soft, and full of cavities; of an open, loose, pliable
texture; <as>as, a <ex>spongy</ex> excrescence; <ex>spongy</ex>
earth; <ex>spongy</ex> cake; <ex>spongy</ex> bones.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wet; drenched; soaked and soft, like sponge;
rainy.</def> \'bd<xex>Spongy</xex> April.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having the quality of imbibing fluids, like a
sponge.</def>
<cs><col>Spongy lead</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sponge lead.
See under <er>Sponge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spongy platinum</col>.
<cd>See under <er>Platinum</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sponk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spunk</er>.</def>
<hw>Spon"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sponsalis</ets>, fr. <ets>sponsus</ets> a betrothal, fr.
<ets>spondere</ets>, <ets>sponsum</ets>, to betroth. See
<er>Spouse</er>, and cf. <er>Esousal</er>,
<er>Spousal</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to marriage, or to a
spouse; spousal.</def>
<hw>Spon"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev.
from <ets>responsible</ets>.]</ety> <def>responsible; worthy of
credit.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Spon"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sonsio</ets>, fr. <ets>spondere</ets>, <ets>sponsum</ets>,
to promise solemnly.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of becoming
surety for another.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Internat. Law)</fld> <def>An act or engagement
on behalf of a state, by an agent not specially authorized for
the purpose, or by one who exceeds the limits of authority.</def>
<hw>Spon"sion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a pledge or agreement; responsible.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>He is righteous even in that representative and
<qex>sponsional</qex> person he put on.</q>
<qau>Abp. Leighton.</qau>
<hw>Spon"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the triangular
platforms in front of, and abaft, the paddle boxes of a
steamboat.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the slanting supports
under the guards of a steamboat.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of
the armored projections fitted with gun ports, used on modern war
vessels.</def>
<hw>Spon"sor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., from
<ets>spondere</ets>, <ets>sponsum</ets>, to engage one's self.
See <er>Spose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who binds himself
to answer for another, and is responsible for his default; a
surety.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who at the baptism of an infant professore
the christian faith in its name, and guarantees its religious
education; a godfather or godmother.</def>
<hw>Spn*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to a sponsor.</def>
<hw>Spon"sor*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of
being a sponsor.</def>
<hw>Spon`ta*ne"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spontaneities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>spontan\'82it\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality
or state of being spontaneous, or acting from native feeling,
proneness, or temperament, without constraint or external
force.</def>
<q>Romney Leigh, who lives by diagrams,
And crosses not the <qex>spontaneities</qex>
Of all his individual, personal life
With formal universals.</q>
<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The tendency to
undergo change, characteristic of both animal and vegetable
organisms, and not restrained or cheked by the environment.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tendency to activity of muscular tissue,
including the voluntary muscles, when in a state of healthful
vigor and refreshment.</def>
<hw>Spon*ta"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spontaneus</ets>, fr. <ets>sponte</ets> of free will,
voluntarily.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Proceding from natural
feeling, temperament, or disposition, or from a native internal
proneness, readiness, or tendency, without constraint; <as>as, a
<ex>spontaneous</ex> gift or proportion</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Proceeding from, or acting by, internal impulse,
energy, or natural law, without external force; <as>as,
<ex>spontaneous</ex> motion; <ex>spontaneous</ex>
growth.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Produced without being planted, or without human
labor; <as>as, a <ex>spontaneous</ex> growth of wood</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Spontaneous combustion</col>, <cd>combustion produced in
a substance by the evolution of heat through the chemical action
of its own elements; as, the <xex>spontaneous combustion<xex> of
waste matter saturated with oil.</cd> -- <col>Spontaneous
generation</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Generation</er>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Voluntary; uncompelled; willing.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Spontaneous</er>, <er>Voluntary</er>. What is
<xex>voluntary</xex> is the result of a <xex>volition</xex>, or
act of choice; it therefore implies some degree of consideration,
and may be the result of mere reason without excited feeling.
What is <xex>spontaneous</xex> springs wholly from feeling, or a
sudden impulse which admits of no reflection; as, a
<xex>spontaneous</xex> burst of applause. Hence, the term is also
applied to things inanimate when they are produced without the
determinate purpose or care of man. \'bdAbstinence which is but
<xex>voluntary</xex> fasting, and . . . exercise which is but
<xex>voluntary</xex> labor.\'b8 <au>J. Seed.</au>
<q><qex>Spontaneous</qex> joys, where nature has its play,
The soul adopts, and owns their firstborn away.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
</usage>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spon*ta"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Spon*ta"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spon*toon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sponton</ets>, <ets>esponton</ets>, it. <ets>spontone</ets>,
<ets>spuntone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of
half-pike, or halberd, formerly borne by inferior officers of the
British infantry, and used in giving signals to the
soldiers.</def>
<hw>Spook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>spook</ets>; akin to G. <ets>spuk</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sp\'94ke</ets>, Dan. <ets>sp\'94gelse</ets> a specter,
<ets>sp\'94ge</ets> to play, sport, joke, <ets>sp\'94g</ets> a
play, joke.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A spirit; a ghost; an
apparition; a hobgoblin.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>spuke</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chim\'91ra.</def>
<hw>Spool</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>spole</ets>, OD. <ets>spoele</ets>, D. <ets>spoel</ets>;
akin to G. <ets>spule</ets>, <ets>OHG</ets>. <ets>spuola</ets>,
Dan. & Sw. <ets>spole</ets>.]</ety> <def>A piece of cane or red
with a knot at each end, or a hollow cylinder of wood with a
ridge at each end, used to wind thread or yarn upon.</def>
<cs><col>Spool stand</col>, <cd>an article holding spools of
thread, turning on pins, -- used by women at their
work.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spool</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spooled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Spooling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wind on a spool
or spools.</def>
<hw>Spool"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, spools.</def>
<hw>Spoom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Probably fr.
<ets>spum</ets> foam. See <er>Spume</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To be driven steadily and swiftly, as
before a strong wind; to be driven before the wind without any
sail, or with only a part of the sails spread; to scud under bare
poles.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>spoon</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>When virtue <qex>spooms</qex> before a prosperous gale,
My heaving wishes help to fill the sail.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Spoon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Spoom</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>We might have <qex>spooned</qex> before the wind as well as
they.</q>
<qau>Pepys.</qau>
<hw>Spoon</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>spon</ets>, AS.
<ets>sp<?/n</ets>, a chip; akin to D. <ets>spaan</ets>, G.
<ets>span</ets>, Dan. <ets>spaan</ets>, Sw. <ets>sp\'86n</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sp\'a0nn</ets>, <ets>sp\'a2nn</ets>, a chip, a spoon.
<root/170. Cf. <er>Span-new</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
implement consisting of a small bowl (usually a shallow oval)
with a handle, used especially in preparing or eating food.</def>
<q>\'bdTherefore behoveth him a full long <qex>spoon</qex>
That shall eat with a fiend,\'b8 thus heard I say.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>He must have a long <qex>spoon</qex> that must eat with the
devil.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which resembles a spoon in shape; esp.
<fld>(Fishing)</fld>, a spoon bait.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: A simpleton; a spooney.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>Hood.</au>
<cs><col>Spoon bait</col> <fld>(Fishing)</fld>, <cd>a lure used
in trolling, consisting of a glistening metallic plate shaped
like the bowl of a spoon with a fishhook attached.</cd> --
<col>Spoon bit</col>, <cd>a bit for boring, hollowed or furrowed
along one side.</cd> -- <col>Spoon net</col>, <cd>a net for
landing fish.</cd> -- <col>Spoon oar</col>. <cd>see under
<er>Oar</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spoon</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To take up in, a
spoon.</def>
<hw>Spoon</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act with demonstrative
or foolish fondness, as one in love.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Spoon"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of several
species of wading birds of the genera <spn>Ajaja</spn> and
<spn>Platalea</spn>, and allied genera, in which the long bill is
broadly expanded and flattened at the tip.</def>
<note><hand/ The roseate spoonbill of America (<spn>Ajaja
ajaja</spn>), and the European spoonbill (<spn>Platalea
leucorodia</spn>) are the best known. The royal spoonbill
(<spn>P. regia</spn>) of Australia is white, with the skin in
front of the eyes naked and black. The male in the breeding
season has a fine crest.</note>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The shoveler. See <er>Shoveler</er>, 2.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The ruddy duck. See under <er>Ruddy</er>.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>The paddlefish</def>.
<hw>Spoon"-billed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the bill expanded and spatulate
at the end.</def>
<hw>Spoon"drift</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spoom</ets> + <ets>drift</ets>.]</ety> <def>Spray
blown from the tops waves during a gale at sea; also, snow driven
in the wind at sea; -- <altsp>written also
<asp>spindrift</asp></altsp>.</def>
<hw>Spoon"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Weak-minded;
demonstratively fond; <as>as, <ex>spooney</ex> lovers</as>.</def>
<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>spoony.</asp>]</altsp>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Spoon"ey</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Spooneye</plw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A weak-minded or silly person; one who
is foolishly fond.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>There is no doubt, whatever, that I was a lackadaisical young
<qex>spooney</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<hw>Spoon"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Spoonfuls</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
quantity which a spoon contains, or is able to contain; <as>as, a
tea<ex>spoonful</ex>; a table<ex>spoonful</ex>.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a small quantity.</def>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Spoon"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
spoony manner.</def>
<hw>Spoon"-meat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Food that
is, or must be, taken with a spoon; liquid food.</def> \'bdDiet
most upon <xex>spoon-meats</xex>.\'b8
<au>Harvey.</au>
<hw>Spoon"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The mountain laurel (<spn>Kalmia
latifolia</spn>).</def>
<hw>Spoon"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gephyrean worm of the genus
<spn>Thalassema</spn>, having a spoonlike probiscis.</def>
<hw>Spoon"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Scurvy grass.</def>
<hw>Spoon"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Spooney</er>.</def>
<hw>Spoor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>spoor</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>spor</ets>, G.
<ets>spur</ets>, and from the root of E. <ets>spur</ets>.
<root/171. See <er>Spur</er>.]</ety> <def>The track or trail of
any wild animal; <as>as, the <ex>spoor</ex> of an elephant; --
used originally by travelers in South Africa</as>.</def>
<hw>Spoor</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To follow a spoor or
trail.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Spor"a*des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fr. Gr. <grk>spora`des</grk>. Cf. <er>Sporadic</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Stars not included in any
constellation; -- called also <xex>informed</xex>, or
<xex>unformed</xex>, stars.</def>
<hw>Spo*ra"di*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sporadic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Spo*rad"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
scattered, fr. <?/, <?/, scattered, fr. <?/ to sow seed, to
scatter like seed: cf. F. <ets>sporadique</ets>. See
<er>Spore</er>.]</ety> <def>Occuring singly, or apart from other
things of the same kind, or in scattered instances; separate;
single; <as>as, a <ex>sporadic</ex> fireball; a <ex>sporadic</ex>
case of disease; a <ex>sporadic</ex> example of a
flower.</as></def>
<cs><col>Sporadic disease</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease
which occurs in single and scattered cases. See the Note under
<er>Endemic</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>
<hw>Spo*rad"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sporadic.</def>
<hw>Spo*rad"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sporadic
manner.</def>
<hw>Spo*ran"gi*o*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sporangium</ets> + Gr. <?/ to bear.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The axis or receptacle in certain ferns
(as <spn>Trichomanes</spn>), which bears the sporangia.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spo*ran"gi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sporangia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a
sowing, seed + <?/ a receptacle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
spore case in the cryptogamous plants, as in ferns, etc.</def>
<hw>Spore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a
sowing, seed, from <?/ to sow. Cf. <er>Sperm</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the minute
grains in flowerless plants, which are analogous to seeds, as
serving to reproduce the species.</def>
<note><hand/ Spores are produced differently in the different
classes of cryptogamous plants, and as regards their nature are
often so unlike that they have only their minuteness in common.
The peculiar spores of diatoms (called <xex>auxospores</xex>)
increase in size, and at length acquire a siliceous coating, thus
becoming new diatoms of full size. Compare <er>Macrospore</er>,
<er>Microspore</er>, <er>O\'94spore</er>, <er>Restingspore</er>,
<er>Sph\'91rospore</er>, <er>Swarmspore</er>,
<er>Tetraspore</er>, <er>Zo\'94spore</er>, and
<er>Zygospore</er>.</note>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An embryo sac or embryonal vesicle in the
ovules of flowering plants</def>.
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A minute grain
or germ; a small, round or ovoid body, formed in certain
organisms, and by germination giving rise to a new organism;
<as>as, the reproductive <ex>spores</ex> of bacteria,
etc.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the parts formed by
fission in certain Protozoa. See <cref>Spore formation</cref>,
belw.</def>
<cs><col>Spore formation</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Biol)</fld>
<cd>A mode of reproduction resembling multitude fission, common
among Protozoa, in which the organism breaks up into a number of
pieces, or spores, each of which eventually develops into an
organism like the parent form.</cd> <au>Balfour.</au>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The formation of reproductive cells or spores,
as in the growth of bacilli.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spo"rid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A sporidium.</def>
<au>Lindley.</au>
<hw>Spo`ri*dif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sporidium</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing sporidia.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spo*rid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sporidia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See
<er>Spore</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
secondary spore, or a filament produced from a spore, in certain
kinds of minute fungi.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A spore.</def>
<hw>Spo*rif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spore</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Bearing or producing spores.</def>
<hw>Spo`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spore</ets> + L. <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to
make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Spore
formation. See <cref>Spore formation</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under
<er>Spore</er>.</def>
<hw>Spo"ro*carp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spore</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A closed body or conceptacle containing one or
more masses of spores or sporangia.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
sporangium.</def>
<hw>Spo"ro*cyst</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
seed + <?/ bladder.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>An asexual zooid, usually forming one of a series of larval
forms in the agamic reproduction of various trematodes and other
parasitic worms. The sporocyst generally develops from an egg,
but in its turn produces other larv\'91 by internal budding, or
by the subdivision of a part or all of its contents into a number
of minute germs. See <er>Redia</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any protozoan when it
becomes encysted produces germs by sporulation.</def>
<hw>Spo`ro*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spore</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>reproduction by spores.</def>
<hw>Spo*rog"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spore</ets> + root of Gr. <?/ to be born.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The growth or development of an animal
or a zooid from a nonsexual germ.</def>
<hw>Spo"ro*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spore</ets> + Gr. <?/ to bear.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A placenta.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>That alternately produced form of certain
cryptogamous plants, as ferns, mosses, and the like, which is
nonsexual, but produces spores in countless numbers. In ferns it
is the leafy plant, in mosses the capsule. Cf.
<er>O\'94phore</er>.</def>
<hw>Spo`ro*phor"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature of a sporophore.</def>
<-- p. 1392 -->
<hw>Spo"ro*sac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spore</ets> + sac.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A hydrozoan reproductive zooid or gonophore
which does not become medusoid in form or structure. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Athecata</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>An early or simple larval stage of trematode worms and some
other invertebrates, which is capable or reproducing other germs
by asexual generation; a nurse; a redia.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spo`ro*zo"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from Gr. a spore + <?/ an animal.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division of parasitic
Protozoa, which increase by sporulation. It includes the
Gregarinida.</def>
<hw>Spo`ro*zo"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spore</ets> + <ets>Gr</ets>. <ets><?/ an
animal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Zo\'94spore</er>.</def>
<hw>Spor"ran</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.
<ets>sporan</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large purse or pouch made of
skin with the hair or fur on, worn in front of the kilt by
Highlanders when in full dress.</def>
<hw>Sport</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbreviated frm
<ets>disport</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which diverts,
and makes mirth; pastime; amusement.</def>
<q>It is as <qex>sport</qex> a fool do mischief.</q>
<qau>prov. x. 23.</qau>
<q>Her <qex>sports</qex> were such as carried riches of knowledge
upon the stream of delight.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<q>Think it but a minute spent in <qex>sport</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Mock; mockery; contemptuous mirth;
derision.</def>
<q>Then make <qex>sport</qex> at me; then let me be your
jest.Shak.</q>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That with which one plays, or which is driven
about in play; a toy; a plaything; an object of mockery.</def>
<q>Flitting leaves, the <qex>sport</qex> of every wind.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Never does man appear to greater disadvantage than when he is
the <qex>sport</qex> of his own ungoverned pasions.</q>
<qau>John Clarke.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Play; idle jingle.</def>
<q>An author who should introduce such a <qex>sport</qex> of
words upon our stage would meet with small applause.</q>
<qau>Broome.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Diversion of the field, as fowling, hunting,
fishing, racing, games, and the like, esp. when money is
staked.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A plant or an
animal, or part of a plant or animal, which has some peculiarity
not usually seen in the species; an abnormal variety or growth.
See <cref>Sporting plant</cref>, under <er>Sporting</er>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A sportsman; a gambler.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<cs><col>In sport</col>, <cd>in jest; for play or diversion.
\'bdSo is the man that deceiveth his neighbor, and saith, Am not
I <xex>in sport<xex>?\'b8</cd></cs>
<au>Prov. xxvi. 19.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Play; game; diversion; frolic; mirth; mock; mockery;
jeer.</syn>
<hw>Sport</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sported</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sporting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To play; to
frolic; to wanton.</def>
<q>[Fish], <qex>sporting</qex> with quick glance,
Show to the sun their waved coats dropt with gold.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To practice the diversions of the field or the
turf; to be given to betting, as upon races.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To trifle.</def> \'bdHe <xex>sports</xex> with
his own life.\'b8
<au>Tillotson.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>To assume suddenly
a new and different character from the rest of the plant or from
the type of the species; -- said of a bud, shoot, plant, or
animal. See <er>Sport</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6.</def>
<au>Darwin.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- To play; frolic; game; wanton.</syn>
<hw>Sport</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To divert; to
amuse; to make merry; -- used with the reciprocal pronoun.</def>
<q>Against whom do ye <qex>sport</qex> yourselves?</q>
<qau>Isa. lvii. 4.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To represent by any knd of play.</def>
<q>Now <qex>sporting</qex> on thy lyre the loves of youth.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To exhibit, or bring out, in public; to use or
wear; <as>as, to <ex>sport</ex> a new equipage</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Grose.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give utterance to in a sportive manner; to
throw out in an easy and copious manner; -- with <xex>off</xex>;
<as>as, to <ex>sport</ex> off epigrams</as>.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<cs><col>To sport one's oak</col>. <cd>See under <er>Oak</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>
<hw>Sport`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sportiveness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sport"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to sports; used in sports.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Sportal</xex> arms.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Sport"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sports; a sportsman.</def>
<q>As this gentleman and I have been old fellow
<qex>sporters</qex>, I have a frienship for him.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<hw>Sport"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Full of sport; merry; frolicsome; full of jesting; indulging
in mirth or play; playful; wanton; <as>as, a <ex>sportful</ex>
companion</as>.</def>
<q>Down he alights among the <qex>sportful</qex> herd.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Done in jest, or for mere play; sportive.</def>
<q>They are no <qex>sportful</qex> productions of the soil.</q>
<qau>Bentley.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sport"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sport"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sport"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of pertaining to, or
engaging in, sport or sporrts; exhibiting the character or
conduct of one who, or that which, sports.</def>
<cs><col>Sporting book</col>, <cd>a book containing a record of
bets, gambling operations, and the like.</cd> <au>C.
Kingsley.</au> -- <col>Sporting house</col>, <cd>a house
frequented by sportsmen, gamblers, and the like.</cd> --
<col>Sporting man</col>, <cd>one who practices field sports;
also, a horse racer, a pugilist, a gambler, or the like.</cd> --
<col>Sporting plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant in which
a single bud or offset suddenly assumes a new, and sometimes very
different, character from that of the rest of the plant.</cd>
<au>Darwin.</au></cs>
<hw>Sport"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In sport;
sportively.</def>
<q>The question you there put, you do it, I suppose, but
<qex>sportingly</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hammond.</qau>
<hw>Sport"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to,
engaged in, or provocate of, sport; gay; froliscome; playful;
merry.</def>
<q>Is it I
That drive thee from the <qex>sportive</qex> court?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sport"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sport"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sport"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without sport or mirth;
joyless.</def>
<hw>Sport"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little
person or creature engaged in sports or in play.</def>
<q>When again the lambkins play --
Pretty <qex>sportlings</qex>, full of May.</q>
<qau>Philips.</qau>
<hw>Sports"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;<plu>pl.
<plw>Sportsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who pursues
the sports of the field; one who hunts, fishes, etc.</def>
<hw>Sports"man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The practice of
sportsmen; skill in field sports.</def>
<-- conduct becoming to one participating in sport or
competition, as fair play, or graciousness in winning or losing.
-->
<hw>\'d8Spor"tu*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sportul\'91</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>A gift; a present; a prize; hence, an alms; a largess.</def>
<q>To feed luxuriously, to frequent sports and theaters, to run
for the <qex>sportula</qex>.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Spor"tu*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Subsisting on alms or charitable contributions.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Spor"tule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sportula</ets> a little basket, a gift, dim. of
<ets>sporta</ets> a basket: cf. F. <ets>sortule</ets>.]</ety>
<def>A charitable gift or contribution; a gift; an alms; a dole;
a largess; a sportula.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ayliffe.</au>
<hw>Spor`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The act or process of forming spores;
spore formation. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of Bacillus,
<xex>b</xex>.</def>
<hw>Spor"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of
<ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small spore; a
spore.</def>
<hw>Spor`u*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sporule</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Producing sporules.</def>
<hw>Spot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Scot. & D.
<ets>spat</ets>, Dan. <ets>spette</ets>, Sw. <ets>spott</ets>
spittle, slaver; from the root of E. <ets>spit</ets>. See
<er>Spit</er> to eject from the mouth, and cf.
<er>Spatter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A mark on a substance
or body made by foreign matter; a blot; a place discolored.</def>
<q>Out, damned <qex>spot</qex>! Out, I say!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stain on character or reputation; something
that soils purity; disgrace; reproach; fault; blemish.</def>
<q>Yet Chloe, sure, was formed without a <qex>spot</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small part of a different color from the main
part, or from the ground upon which it is; <as>as, the
<ex>spots</ex> of a leopard; the <ex>spots</ex> on a playing
card</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A small extent of space; a place; any particular
place.</def> \'bdFixed to one <xex>spot</xex>.\'b8
<au>Otway.</au>
<q>That <qex>spot</qex> to which I point is Paradise.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>\'bdA jolly place,\'b8 said he, \'bdin times of old!
But something ails it now: the <qex>spot</qex> is cursed.\'b8</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of the common
domestic pigeon, so called from a spot on its head just above its
beak.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sci\'91noid
food fish (<spn>Liostomus xanthurus</spn>) of the Atlantic coast
of the United States. It has a black spot behind the shoulders
and fifteen oblique dark bars on the sides. Called also
<altname>goody</altname>, <altname>Lafayette</altname>,
<altname>masooka</altname>, and <altname>old
wife</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The southern redfish, or
red horse, which has a spot on each side at the base of the tail.
See <er>Redfish</er>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Commodities, as merchandise and
cotton, sold for immediate delivery.</def> <mark>[Broker's
Cant]</mark>
<cs><col>Crescent spot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any
butterfly of the family <spn>Melit\'91id\'91</spn> having
crescent-shaped white spots along the margins of the red or brown
wings.</cd> -- <col>Spot lens</col> <fld>(Microscopy)</fld>,
<cd>a condensing lens in which the light is confined to an
annular pencil by means of a small, round diaphragm (the
<xex>spot<xex>), and used in dark-field ilumination; -- called
also <altname>spotted lens</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Spot
rump</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Hudsonian godwit
(<spn>Limosa h\'91mastica</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Spots on the
sun</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Sun spot</cref>,
ander <er>Sun</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>On</col>, <or/
<col>Upon</col>, <col>the spot</col></mcol>, <cd>immediately;
before moving; without changing place.</cd>
<q>It was determined <qex>upon the spot</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
</cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Stain; flaw; speck; blot; disgrace; reproach; fault;
blemish; place; site; locality.</syn>
<hw>Spot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spotted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spotting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make visible
marks upon with some foreign matter; to discolor in or with
spots; to stain; to cover with spots or figures; <as>as, to
<ex>spot</ex> a garnment; to <ex>spot</ex> paper.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark or note so as to insure recognition; to
recognize; to detect; <as>as, to <ex>spot</ex> a
criminal</as>.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To stain; to blemish; to taint; to disgrace; to
tarnish, as reputation; to asperse.</def>
<q>My virgin life no <qex>spotted</qex> thoughts shall stain.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<q>If ever I shall close these eyes but once,
May I live <qex>spotted</qex> for my perjury.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<cs><col>To spot timber</col>, <cd>to cut or chip it, in
preparation for hewing.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spot</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become stained with
spots.</def>
<hw>Spot"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a spot;
especially, free from reproach or impurity; pure; untained;
innocent; <as>as, a <ex>spotless</ex> mind; <ex>spotless</ex>
behavior</as>.</def>
<q>A <qex>spotless</qex> virgin, and a faultless wife.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Blameless; unspotted; unblemished; pure; immaculate;
irreproachable. See <er>Blameless</er>.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spot"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Spot"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spot"ted</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked with spots; <as>as,
a <ex>spotted</ex> garment or character</as>.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>spotted</xex> panther.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<cs><col>Spotted fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a name
applied to various eruptive fevers, esp. to typhus fever and
cerebro-spinal meningitis.</cd> -- <col>Spotted tree</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian tree (<spn>Flindersia
maculosa</spn>); -- so called because its bark falls off in
spots.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spot"ted*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State or quality of
being spotted.</def>
<hw>Spot"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
spots.</def>
<hw>Spot"ti*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
or quality of being spotty.</def>
<hw>Spot"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of spots;
marked with spots.</def>
<hw>Spous"age</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>espousaige</ets>, from <ets>espouser</ets>. See
<er>Spouse</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Espousal.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bale.</au>
<hw>Spous"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Espousal</er>, <er>Sponsal</er>, and <er>Spouse</er>.]</ety>
<def>Of or pertaining to a spouse or marriage; nuptial;
matrimonial; conjugal; bridal; <as>as, <ex>spousal</ex> rites;
<ex>spousal</ex> ornaments</as>.</def>
<au>Wordsworth.</au>
<hw>Spous"al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Espousal</er>,
<er>Spouse</er>.]</ety> <def>Marriage; nuptials; espousal; --
generally used in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>spousals</ex> of
Hippolita</as>.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>Boweth your head under that blissful yoke . . .
Which that men clepeth <qex>spousal</qex> or wedlock.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>the <qex>spousals</qex> of the newborn year.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Spouse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>espous</ets>, <ets>espos</ets>, fem. <ets>espouse</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82poux</ets>, <ets>\'82pouse</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>sponsus</ets>, <ets>sponsa</ets>, prop. p.p. of
<ets>spondere</ets>, <ets>sponsum</ets>, to promise solemnly, to
engage one's self. Cf. <er>Despond</er>, <er>Espouse</er>,
<er>respond</er>, <er>Sponsor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A man
or woman engaged or joined in wedlock; a married person, husband
or wife.</def>
<q>At last such grace I found, and means I wrought,
That that lady to my <qex>spouse</qex> had won.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A married man, in distinct from a
<xex>spousess</xex> or <xex>married woman</xex>; a bridegroom or
husband.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>At which marriage was [were] no person present but the
<qex>spouse</qex>, the spousess, the Duchess of Bedford her
mother, the priest, two gentlewomen, and a young man.</q>
<qau>Fabyan.</qau>
<hw>Spouse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Espouse</er>, and Spouse, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To wed;
to espouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>This markis hath her <qex>spoused</qex> with a ring.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Though <qex>spoused</qex>, yet wanting wedlock's
solemnize.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>She was found again, and <qex>spoused</qex> to Marinell.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Spouse"-breach`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spouse"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of a spouse;
unmarried.</def>
<hw>Spous"ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wife or bride.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fabyan.</au>
<hw>Spout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spouted</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Spouting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sw.
<ets>sputa</ets>, <ets>spruta</ets>, to spout, D.
<ets>spuit</ets> a spout, <ets>spuiten</ets> to spout, and E.
<ets>spurt</ets>, <ets>sprit</ets>, v., <ets>sprout</ets>,
<ets>sputter</ets>; or perhaps akin to E. <ets>spit</ets> to
eject from the mouth.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To throw out
forcibly and abudantly, as liquids through an office or a pipe;
to eject in a jet; <as>as, an elephant <ex>spouts</ex> water from
his trunk</as>.</def>
<q>Who kept Jonas in the fish's maw
Till he was <qex>spouted</qex> up at Ninivee?</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Next on his belly floats the mighty whale . . .
He <qex>spouts</qex> the tide.</q>
<qau>Creech.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter magniloquently; to recite in an
oratorical or pompous manner.</def>
<q>Pray, <qex>spout</qex> some French, son.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pawn; to pledge; <as>as, <ex>spout</ex> a
watch</as>.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>
<hw>Spout</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To issue with
with violence, or in a jet, as a liquid through a narrow orifice,
or from a spout; <as>as, water <ex>spouts</ex> from a hole; blood
<ex>spouts</ex> from an artery</as>.</def>
<q>All the glittering hill
Is bright with <qex>spouting</qex> rills.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To eject water or liquid in a jet.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To utter a speech, especially in a pompous
manner.</def>
<hw>Spout</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>spruta</ets> a
squirt, a syringe. See <er>Spout</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>That through which anything spouts; a
discharging lip, pipe, or orifice; a tube, pipe, or conductor of
any kind through which a liquid is poured, or by which it is
conveyed in a stream from one place to another; <as>as, the
<ex>spout</ex> of a teapot; a <ex>spout</ex> for conducting water
from the roof of a building.</as></def> <au>Addison.</au> \'bdA
conduit with three issuing <xex>spouts</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>
<q>In whales . . . an ejection thereof [water] is contrived by a
fistula, or <qex>spout</qex>, at the head.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<q>From silver <qex>spouts</qex> the grateful liquors glide.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trough for conducting grain, flour, etc., into
a receptacle.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A discharge or jet of water or other liquid,
esp. when rising in a column; also, a waterspout.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>To put</col>, <col>shove</col>, <or/
<col>pop</col>, <col>up the spout</col></mcol>, <cd>to pawn or
pledge at a pawnbroker's; -- in allusion to the <xex>spout<xex>
up which the pawnbroker sent the ticketed articles.</cd>
<mark>[Cant]</mark></cs>
<hw>Spout"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, spouts.</def>
<hw>Spout"fish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine animal that spouts water; --
applied especially to certain bivalve mollusks, like the long
clams (<spn>Mya</spn>), which spout, or squirt out, water when
retiring into their holes.</def>
<hw>Spout"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no spout.</def>
<au>Cowper.</au>
<hw>Spout"shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marine gastropod shell of the
genus <spn>Apporhais</spn> having an elongated siphon. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Rostrifera</er>.</def>
<hw>Sprack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>sp\'91kr</ets> sprightly, dial. Sw. <ets>spr\'84k</ets>,
<ets>spr\'84g</ets>, spirited, mettlesome; or Gael.
<ets>spraic</ets> vigor.]</ety> <def>Quick; lively' alert.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sprad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.
p.</pos> of <er>Spread</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sprad"de</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Spread</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sprag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>spraka</ets> a small flounder.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A young salmon.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sprag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Spray</er> a
branch.]</ety> <def>A billet of wood; a piece of timber used as a
prop.</def>
<hw>Sprag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spragged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Spragging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To check the motion of, as a carriage on a steep
grade, by putting a sprag between the spokes of the wheel.</def>
<au>R. S. Poole.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prop or sustain with a sprag.</def>
<hw>Sprag</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See <er>Sprack</er>,
<pos>a.</pos></def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sprain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sprained</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spraining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>espreindre</ets>to press, to force out, F.
<ets>\'82preindre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>exprimere</ets>. See
<er>Express</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Spraints</er>.]</ety> <def>To weaken, as a joint, ligament,
or muscle, by sudden and excessive exertion, as by wrenching; to
overstrain, or stretch injuriously, but without luxation; <as>as,
to <ex>sprain</ex> one's ankle</as>.</def>
<hw>Sprain</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or result of
spraining; lameness caused by spraining; <as>as, a bad
<ex>sprain</ex> of the wrist</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sprain fracture</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the
separation of a tendon from its point of insertion, with the
detachment of a shell of bone to which the tendon is
attached.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spraints</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>espraintes</ets>, <ets>espreintes</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82preintes</ets> from <ets>espreinte</ets> a desire to go
to stool, from <ets>espreindre</ets>. See <er>Sprain</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>The dung of an otter.</def>
<hw>Sprang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Spring</er>.</def>
<hw>Sprat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sprot</ets>, <ets>sprotte</ets>, D. <ets>sprot</ets>; akin
to G. <ets>sprotte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small European herring (<spn>Clupea
sprattus</spn>) closely allied to the common herring and the
pilchard; -- called also <altname>garvie</altname>. The name is
also applied to small herring of different kinds.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A California surf-fish (<spn>Rhacochilus
toxotes</spn>); -- called also <altname>alfione</altname>, and
<altname>perch</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>Sprat borer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
red-throated diver; -- so called from its fondness for sprats.
See <er>Diver</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sprat loon</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The young of the great
northern diver</cd>. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>The red-throated diver. See <er>Diver</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sprat mew</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the kittiwake
gull.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1393 -->
<hw>Sprawl</hw> <pr>(spr<add/l)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sprawled</er>
<pr>(spr<add/ld)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sprawling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>spraulen</ets>;
cf. Sw. <ets>sprattla</ets> to sprawl, dial. Sw.
<ets>spralla</ets>, Dan. <ets>sp\'91lle</ets>,
<ets>spr\'91lde</ets>, D. <ets>spartelen</ets>,
<ets>spertelen</ets>, to flounder, to struggle.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To spread and stretch the body or limbs
carelessly in a horizontal position; to lie with the limbs
stretched out ungracefully.</def>
<-- also sprawl out, as to sprawl out all over the couch. -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To spread irregularly, as vines, plants, or
tress; to spread ungracefully, as chirography.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To move, when lying down, with awkward extension
and motions of the limbs; to scramble in creeping.</def>
<q>The birds were not fledged; but upon <qex>sprawling</qex> and
struggling to get clear of the flame, down they tumbled.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<hw>Srawls</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>Small
branches of a tree; twigs; sprays.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Spray</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<pos>Cf. Dan.
sprag. See</pos> <er>Sprig</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small
shoot or branch; a twig.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>The painted birds, companions of the spring,
Hopping from <qex>spray</qex>, were heard to sing.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collective body of small branches; <as>as, the
tree has a beautiful <ex>spray</ex></as>.</def>
<q>And from the trees did lop the needless <qex>spray</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A side
channel or branch of the runner of a flask, made to distribute
the metal in all parts of the mold.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
group of castings made in the same mold and connected by sprues
formed in the runner and its branches.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<cs><col>Spray drain</col> <fld>(Agric.)</fld>, <cd>a drain made
by laying under earth the sprays or small branches of trees,
which keep passages open.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[probably from a Dutch or Low
German form akin to E. <ets>spread</ets>. See <er>Spread</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Water flying in small
drops or particles, as by the force of wind, or the dashing of
waves, or from a waterfall, and the like.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A jet of fine
medicated vapor, used either as an application to a diseased part
or to charge the air of a room with a disinfectant or a
deodorizer.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument for applying
such a spray; an atomizer.</def>
<cs><col>Spray condenser</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <cd>an
injection condenser in which the steam is condensed by a spray of
water which mingles with it.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spray</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To let fall in
the form of spray.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<au>M. Arnold.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To throw spray upon; to treat with a liquid in
the form of spray; <as>as, to <ex>spray</ex> a wound, or a
surgical instrument, with carbolic acid</as>.</def>
<hw>Spray`board</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dashboard</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2
<sd>(b)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Spread</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spread</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Spreading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>spreden</ets>, AS. <ets>spr\'91dan</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>spreiden</ets>, <ets>spreijen</ets>, LG. <ets>spreden</ets>,
<ets>spreen</ets>, <ets>spreien</ets>, G. <ets>spreiten</ets>,
Dan. <ets>sprede</ets>, Sw. <ets>sprida</ets>. Cf. <er>Spray</er>
water flying in drops.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To extend in
length and breadth, or in breadth only; to stretch or expand to a
broad or broader surface or extent; to open; to unfurl; <as>as,
to <ex>spread</ex> a carpet; to <ex>spread</ex> a tent or a
sail</as>.</def>
<q>He bought a parcel of a field where he had <qex>spread</qex>
his tent.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxxiii. 19.</qau>
<q>Here the Rhone
Hath <qex>spread</qex> himself a couch.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To extend so as to cover something; to extend to
a great or grater extent in every direction; to cause to fill or
cover a wide or wider space.</def>
<q>Rose, as in a dance, the stately trees, and <qex>spread</qex>
Their branches hung with copious fruit.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To divulge; to publish, as news or fame; to
cause to be more extensively known; to disseminate; to make known
fully; <as>as, to <ex>spread</ex> a report; -- often acompanied
by <ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def>
<q>They, when they were departed, <qex>spread</qex> abroad his
fame in all that country.</q>
<qau>Matt. ix. 31.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To propagate; to cause to affect great numbers;
<as>as, to <ex>spread</ex> a disease</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To diffuse, as emanations or effluvia; to emit;
<as>as, odoriferous plants <ex>spread</ex> their
fragrance</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To strew; to scatter over a surface; <as>as, to
<ex>spread</ex> manure; to <ex>spread</ex> lime on the
ground</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To prepare; to set and furnish with provisions;
<as>as, to <ex>spread</ex> a table</as>.</def>
<q>Boiled the flesh, and <qex>spread</qex> the board.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<cs><col>To sprad cloth</col>, <cd>to unfurl sail.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- To diffuse; propogate; disperse; publish;
distribute; scatter; circulate; disseminate; dispense.</syn>
<hw>Spread</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To extend in
length and breadth in all directions, or in breadth only; to be
extended or stretched; to expand.</def>
<q>Plants, if they <qex>spread</qex> much, are seldom tall.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>Govrnor Winthrop, and his associates at Charlestown, had for a
church a large, <qex>spreading</qex> tree.</q>
<qau>B. Trumbull.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be extended by drawing or beating; <as>as,
some metals <ex>spread</ex> with difficulty</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be made known more extensively, as
news.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be propagated from one to another; <as>as,
the disease <ex>spread</ex> into all parts of the
city</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Spread</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Extent;
compass.</def>
<q>I have got a fine <qex>spread</qex> of improvable land.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expansion of parts.</def>
<q>No flower hath <qex>spread</qex> like that of the
woodbine.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A cloth used as a cover for a table or a
bed.</def>
<-- bedspread -->
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A table, as spread or furnished with a meal;
hence, an entertainment of food; a feast.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A privilege which one person buys of another, of
demanding certain shares of stock at a certain price, or of
delivering the same shares of stock at another price, within a
time agreed upon.</def> <mark>[Broker's Cant]</mark>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An unlimited expanse of
discontinuous points.</def>
<hw>Spread</hw>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of <er>Spread</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Spread eagle</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An eagle with
outspread wings, the national emblem of the United States.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The figure of an eagle, with its wings elevated
and its legs extended; often met as a device upon military
ornaments, and the like</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Her.)</fld>
<cd>An eagle displayed; an eagle with the wings and legs extended
on each side of the body, as in the double-headed eagle of
Austria and Russia</cd>. See <er>Displayed</er>, 2.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spread"-ea`gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Characterized by a pretentious, boastful, exaggerated style;
defiantly or extravagantly bombastic; <as>as, a
<ex>spread-eagle</ex> orator; a <ex>spread-eagle</ex>
speech</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.& Humorous]</mark>
<-- [MW10] "esp. of the greatnes of the U.S." -->
<-- <hw>Spread"-ea`gle</hw> v. i. To assume a spread-eagled
position; -- it may be done reclining, for relaxation, or
momentarily, as an exhibitionary maneuver in a sport.
<hw>Spread"-ea`gled</hw>
2. being in a position with the arms and legs extended fully.
-->
<hw>Spread"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, spreads, expands, or
propogates.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A machine for combining and drawing fibers of
flax to form a sliver preparatory to spinning.</def>
<hw>Spread"ing*ly</hw><def>, <pos>adv.</pos> Increasingly.</def>
<q>The best times were <qex>spreadingly</qex> infected.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sprech"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gael.
<ets>spreidh</ets> catle.]</ety> <def>Movables of an inferior
description; especially, such as have been collected by
depredation.</def> <mark>[Scot]</mark>
<hw>Spree</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Ir.
<ets>spre</ets> a spark, animation, spirit, Gael.
<ets>spraic</ets>. Cf. <er>Sprack</er>.]</ety> <def>A merry
frolic; especially, a drinking frolic; a carousal.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Sprenge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sprengen</ets>, p.p. <ets>sprent</ets>, <ets>spreint</ets>,
from AS. <ets>sprengen</ets> to sprinkle. See
<er>Sprinkle</er>.]</ety> <def>To sprinkle; to scatter.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif (1 Pet. i. 2).</au>
<hw>Spreng"el pump`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Physics)</fld>
<def>A form of air pump in which exhaustion is produced by a
stream of mercury running down a narrow tube, in the manner of an
aspirator; -- named from the inventor.</def>
<hw>Sprent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.
p.</pos> of <er>Sprenge</er>. Sprinkled.</def>
<q>All the ground with purple blood was <qex>sprent</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Sprew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>sprouw</ets>, <ets>spruw</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Thrush.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Spreynd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.
p.</pos> of <er>Sprenge</er>. Sprinkled.</def>
<q>When <qex>spreynd</qex> was holy water.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sprig</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sprec</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>sprek</ets> a stick. Cf.
<er>Spray</er> a branch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small shoot or
twig of a tree or other plant; a spray; <as>as, a <ex>sprig</ex>
of laurel or of parsley</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A youth; a lad; -- used humorously or in slight
disparagement.</def>
<q>A <qex>sprig</qex> whom I remember, with a whey-face and a
satchel, not so many years ago.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A brad, or nail without a head.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small eyebolt ragged or
barbed at the point.</def>
<hw>Sprig</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sprigged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sprigging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
mark or adorn with the representation of small branches; to work
with sprigs; <as>as, to <ex>sprig</ex> muslin</as>.</def>
<hw>Sprigged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
sprigs.</def>
<hw>Sprig"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of sprigs
or small branches.</def>
<hw>Spright</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sprite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Spirit; mind; soul;
state of mind; mood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe high
heroic <xex>spright</xex>.\'b8
<-- similar to sprite, now most often used. Any difference? -->
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>Wondrous great grief groweth in my <qex>spright</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A supernatural being; a spirit; a shade; an
apparition; a ghost.</def>
<q>Forth he called, out of deep darkness dread,
Legions of <qex>sprights</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>To thee, O Father, Son, and Sacred <qex>Spright</qex>.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of short arrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Spright</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To haunt, as a
spright.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Spright"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Spright</ets> sprite + <ets>full</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Full of spirit or of life; earnest; vivacious; lively;
brisk; nimble; gay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --
<wordforms><wf>Spright"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>
<-- = spirited, now most common. This word sounds too much like
"frightful" -->
<au>Shak.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spright"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>
<q>Spoke like a <qex>sprightful</qex> gentlemen.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Steeds <qex>sprightful</qex> as the light.</q>
<qau>Cowley.</qau>
<hw>Spright"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of life;
dull; sluggish.</def>
<hw>Spright"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being sprightly; liveliness; life; briskness;
vigor; activity; gayety; vivacity.</def>
<q>In dreams, observe with what a <qex>sprightliness</qex> and
alacrity does she [the soul] exert herself!</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Spright"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sprightlier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sprightliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Sprite</er>.]</ety> <def>Sprightlike, or spiritlike; lively;
brisk; animated; vigorous; airy; gay; <as>as, a
<ex>sprightly</ex> youth; a <ex>sprightly</ex> air; a
<ex>sprightly</ex> dance.</as></def> \'bd<xex>Sprightly</xex> wit
and love inspires.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>The <qex>sprightly</qex> Sylvia trips along the green.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Sprig"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The pintail duck; --
called also <altname>sprig</altname>, and
<altname>spreet-tail</altname>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sharp-tailed grouse.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Spring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Sprang</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or
<er>Sprung</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Sprung</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Springing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[AS. <ets>springan</ets>; akin to D. & G.
<ets>springen</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>springan</ets>, Icel. & Sw.
<ets>springa</ets>, Dan. <ets>springe</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ to
hasten. Cf. <er>Springe</er>, <er>Sprinkle</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To leap; to bound; to jump.</def>
<q>The mountain stag that <qex>springs</qex>
From height to height, and bounds along the plains.</q>
<qau>Philips.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To issue with speed and violence; to move with
activity; to dart; to shoot.</def>
<q>And sudden light
<qex>Sprung</qex> through the vaulted roof.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To start or rise suddenly, as from a
covert.</def>
<q>Watchful as fowlers when their game will
<qex>spring</qex>.</q>
<qau>Otway.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fly back; <as>as, a bow, when bent,
<ex>springs</ex> back by its elastic power</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To bend from a straight direction or plane
surface; to become warped; <as>as, a piece of timber, or a plank,
sometimes <ex>springs</ex> in seasoning</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To shoot up, out, or forth; to come to the
light; to begin to appear; to emerge; as a plant from its seed,
as streams from their source, and the like; -often followed by
<xex>up</xex>, <xex>forth</xex>, or <xex>out</xex>.</def>
<q>Till well nigh the day began to <qex>spring</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>To satisfy the desolate and waste ground, and to cause the bud
of the tender herb to <qex>spring</qex> forth.</q>
<qau>Job xxxviii. 27.</qau>
<q>Do not blast my <qex>springing</qex> hopes.</q>
<qau>Rowe.</qau>
<q>O, <qex>spring</qex> to light; auspicious Babe, be born.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To issue or proceed, as from a parent or
ancestor; to result, as from a cause, motive, reason, or
principle.</def>
<q>[They found] new hope to <qex>spring</qex>
Out of despair, joy, but with fear yet linked.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To grow; to prosper.</def>
<q>What makes all this, but Jupiter the king,
At whose command we perish, and we <qex>spring</qex>?</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<cs><col>To spring at</col>, <cd>to leap toward; to attempt to
reach by a leap.</cd> -- <col>To spring forth</col>, <cd>to leap
out; to rush out.</cd> -- <col>To spring in</col>, <cd>to rush
in; to enter with a leap or in haste.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To
spring on</col> <or/ <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to leap on; to
rush on with haste or violence; to assault.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To cause to spring up; to start or rouse, as game; to cause
to rise from the earth, or from a covert; <as>as, to
<ex>spring</ex> a pheasant</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To produce or disclose suddenly or
unexpectedly.</def>
<-- to spring a surprise on s.o. -->
<q>She starts, and leaves her bed, amd <qex>springs</qex> a
light.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The friends to the cause <qex>sprang</qex> a new project.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to explode; <as>as, to <ex>spring</ex>
a mine</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To crack or split; to bend or strain so as to
weaken; <as>as, to <ex>spring</ex> a mast or a yard</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cause to close suddenly, as the parts of a
trap operated by a spring; <as>as, to <ex>spring</ex> a
trap</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To bend by force, as something stiff or strong;
to force or put by bending, as a beam into its sockets, and
allowing it to straighten when in place; -- often with
<xex>in</xex>, <xex>out</xex>, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>spring</ex>
in a slat or a bar</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To pass over by leaping; <as>as, to
<ex>spring</ex> a fence</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To spring a butt</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to loosen
the end of a plank in a ship's bottom.</cd> -- <col>To spring a
leak</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to begin to leak.</cd> --
<col>To spring an arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>to build an
arch; -- a common term among masons; <as>as, <ex>to spring an
arcg<ex> over a lintel</as>.</cd> -- <col>To spring a
rattle</col>, <cd>to cause a rattle to sound. See
<cref>Watchman's rattle</cref>, under <er>Watchman</er>.</cd> --
<col>To spring the luff</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to ease the
helm, and sail nearer to the wind than before; -- said of a
vessel.</cd> <au>Mar. Dict.</au> -- <mcol><col>To spring a</col>
<col>mast <or/ spar</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to
strain it so that it is unserviceable.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spring</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>spring</ets> a
fountain, a leap. See <er>Spring</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A leap; a bound; a jump.</def>
<q>The prisoner, with a <qex>spring</qex>, from prison broke.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flying back; the resilience of a body
recovering its former state by elasticity; <as>as, the
<ex>spring</ex> of a bow</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Elastic power or force.</def>
<q>Heavens! what a <qex>spring</qex> was in his arm!</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>An elastic body of any kind, as steel, India
rubber, tough wood, or compressed air, used for various
mechanical purposes, as receiving and imparting power,
diminishing concussion, regulating motion, measuring weight or
other force.</def>
<note><hand/ The principal varieties of springs used in
mechanisms are the <xex>spiral spring</xex> (Fig. <xex>a</xex>),
the <xex>coil spring</xex> (Fig. <xex>b</xex>), the <xex>elliptic
spring</xex> (Fig. <xex>c</xex>), the <xex>half-elliptic
spring</xex> (Fig. <xex>d</xex>), the <xex>volute spring</xex>,
the <xex>India-rubber spring</xex>, the <xex>atmospheric
spring</xex>, etc.</note>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Any source of supply; especially, the source
from which a stream proceeds; as issue of water from the earth; a
natural fountain.</def> \'bdAll my <xex>springs</xex> are in
thee.\'b8 <au>Ps. lxxxvii. 7.</au> \'bdA secret <xex>spring</xex>
of spiritual joy.\'b8 <au>Bentley.</au> \'bdThe sacred
<xex>spring</xex> whence and honor streams.\'b8
<au>Sir J. Davies.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Any active power; that by which action, or
motion, is produced or propagated; cause; origin; motive.</def>
<q>Our author shuns by vulgar <qex>springs</qex> to move
The hero's glory, or the virgin's love.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>That which springs, or is originated, from a
source; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A race; lineage.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chapman.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A youth;
a springal</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Spenser.</au>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A shoot; a plant; a young tree; also, a grove
of trees; woodland</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Spenser.
Milton.</au>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>That which causes one to spring; specifically, a
lively tune.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>The season of the year when plants begin to
vegetate and grow; the vernal season, usually comprehending the
months of March, April, and May, in the middle latitudes north of
the equator.</def> \'bdThe green lap of the new-come
<xex>spring</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<note><hand/ <xex>Spring</xex> of the astronomical year begins
with the vernal equinox, about March 21st, and ends with the
summer solstice, about June 21st.</note>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>The time of growth and progress; early portion;
first stage.</def> \'bdThe <xex>spring</xex> of the day.\'b8
<au>1 Sam. ix. 26.</au>
<q>O how this <qex>spring</qex> of love resembleth
The uncertain glory of an April day.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A crack or
fissure in a mast or yard, running obliquely or
transversely.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A line led from a vessel's
quarter to her cable so that by tightening or slacking it she can
be made to lie in any desired position; a line led diagonally
from the bow or stern of a vessel to some point upon the wharf to
which she is moored.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Air spring</col>, <col>Boiling
spring</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Air</er>,
<er>Boiling</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Spring back</col>
<fld>(Bookbinding)</fld>, <cd>a back with a curved piece of thin
sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the
effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a
ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie
flat.</cd> -- <col>Spring balance</col>, <cd>a contrivance for
measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of
steel.</cd> -- <col>Spring beam</col>, <cd>a beam that supports
the side of a paddle box. See <cref>Paddle beam</cref>, under
<er>Paddle</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>Spring beauty</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Any plant of the genus
<spn>Claytonia</spn>, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves
and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A small, elegant American butterfly
(<spn>Erora l\'91ta</spn>) which appears in spring. The hind
wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of
the female are mostly blue.</cd> -- <col>Spring bed</col>, <cd>a
mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of
metal, are employed to give the required elasticity.</cd> --
<col>Spring beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a snapping
beetle; an elater.</cd> -- <col>Spring box</col>, <cd>the box or
barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the
spring is contained.</cd> -- <col>Spring fly</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a caddice fly; -- so called because it
appears in the spring.</cd> -- <col>Spring grass</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a vernal grass. See under
<er>Vernal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spring gun</col>, <cd>a firearm
disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise
moved.</cd> -- <col>Spring hook</col> <fld>(Locomotive
Engines)</fld>, <cd>one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel
spring to the frame.</cd> -- <col>Spring latch</col>, <cd>a latch
that fastens with a spring.</cd> <-- p. 1394 --> -- <col>Spring
lock</col>, <cd>a lock that fastens with a spring.</cd> --
<col>Spring mattress</col>, <cd>a spring bed.</cd> -- <col>Spring
of an arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Springing line
of an arch</cref>, under <er>Springing</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spring
of pork</col>, <cd>the lower part of a fore quarter, which is
divided from the neck, and has the leg and foot without the
shoulder.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Nares.</au>
<q>Sir, pray hand the <qex>spring of pork</qex> to me.</q>
<qau>Gayton.</qau>
-- <col>Spring pin</col> <fld>(Locomotive Engines)</fld>, <cd>an
iron rod fitted between the springs and the axle boxes, to
sustain and regulate the pressure on the axles.</cd> --
<col>Spring rye</col>, <cd>a kind of rye sown in the spring; --
in distinction from <xex>winter rye</xex>, sown in autumn.</cd>
-- <col>Spring stay</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a preventer
stay, to assist the regular one.</cd> <au>R. H. Dana, Jr.</au> --
<col>Spring tide</col>, <cd>the tide which happens at, or soon
after, the new and the full moon, and which rises higher than
common tides.</cd> See <er>Tide</er>. -- <col>Spring wagon</col>,
<cd>a wagon in which springs are interposed between the body and
the axles to form elastic supports.</cd> -- <col>Spring
wheat</col>, <cd>any kind of wheat sown in the spring; -- in
distinction from <xex>winter wheat</xex>, which is sown in
autumn.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spring"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spring"ald</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spring"all</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,
<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Scot. <ets>springald</ets>,
<ets>springel</ets>, fr. Scot. & E. <ets>spring</ets>.]</ety>
<def>An active, springly young man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdThere came two <xex>springals</xex> of full tender years.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>Joseph, when he was sold to Potiphar, that great man, was a
fair young <qex>springall</qex>.</q>
<qau>Latimer.</qau>
<hw>Spring"al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>espringale</ets>; of Teutonic origin, akin to E.
<ets>spring</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient military engine for
casting stones and arrows by means of a spring.</def>
<hw>Spring"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
elastic board, secured at the ends, or at one end, often by
elastic supports, used in performing feats of agility or in
exercising.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Spring"bok`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Spring"buck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[D. <ets>springbok</ets>; <ets>springen</ets> to spring,
leap + <ets>bok</ets> a he-goat, buck.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African gazelle (<spn>Gazella
euchore</spn>) noted for its graceful form and swiftness, and for
its peculiar habit of springing lighty and suddenly into the air.
It has a white dorsal stripe, expanding into a broad patch of
white on the rump and tail. Called also
<altname>springer</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>springboc</asp>, and <asp>springbock</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Springe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Spring</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>: cf. G. <ets>sprenkel</ets>,
Prov. E. <ets>springle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A noose fastened to an
elastic body, and drawn close with a sudden spring, whereby it
catches a bird or other animal; a gin; a snare.</def>
<q>As a woodcock to mine own <qex>springe</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Springe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To catch in a springe; to
insnare.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Spring"e</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sprengen</ets>. See <er>Sprinkle</er>.]</ety> <def>To
sprinkle; to scatter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>He would sowen some difficulty,
Or <qex>springen</qex> cockle in our cleane corn.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Spring"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, springs; specifically, one who
rouses game.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A young plant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The impost, or
point at which an arch rests upon its support, and from which it
seems to spring.</def> Hence: <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bottom stone
of an arch, which lies on the impost. The skew back is one form
of springer.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The rib of a groined vault,
as being the solid abutment for each section of vaulting.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The grampus.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of the field
spaniel. See <er>Spaniel</er>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of antelope; the
sprinkbok.</def>
<hw>Spring"halt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A kind of lameness in horse. See
<er>Stringhalt</er>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Spring"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fountain
or source.</def>
<hw>Spring"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
or quality of being springly.</def>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Spring"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
process of one who, or that which, springs.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Growth; increase; also, that which springs up; a
shoot; a plant.</def>
<q>Thou blessest the <qex>springing</qex> thereof.</q>
<qau>Ps. lxv. 10.</qau>
<cs><col>Springing line of an arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>,
<cd>the horizontal line drawn through the junction of the
vertical face of the impost with the curve of the intrados; --
called also <altname>spring of an arch</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sprin"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
springe.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spring"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little
spring.</def>
<q>But yet from out the little hill
Oozes the slender <qex>springlet</qex> still.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Spring"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small
apterous insects belonging to the order <spn>Thysanura</spn>.
They have two elastic caudal stylets which can be bent under the
abdomen and then suddenly extended like a spring, thus enabling
them to leap to a considerable distance. See <er>Collembola</er>,
and <er>Podura</er>.</def>
<hw>Spring"tide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The time of
spring; springtime.</def>
<au>Thomson.</au>
<hw>Spring"time`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The season
of spring; springtide.</def>
<hw>Spring"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Springier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Springiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Spring</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Resembling, having the
qualities of, or pertaining to, a spring; elastic; <as>as,
springy steel; a <ex>springy</ex> step.</as></def>
<q>Though her little frame was slight, it was firm and
<qex>springy</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Abounding with springs or fountains; wet;
spongy; <as>as, <ex>springy</ex> land</as>.</def>
<hw>Sprin"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sprinkled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sprinkling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sprenkelen</ets>, freq.
of <ets>sprengen</ets> to sprinkle, to scatter, AS.
<ets>sprengan</ets>, properly, to make to spring, causative of
<ets>springan</ets> to spring; akin to D. <ets>sprenkelen</ets>
to sprinkle, G. <ets>sprengen</ets>. See <er>Spring</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>, and cf. <er>Sprent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
scatter in small drops or particles, as water, seed, etc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To scatter on; to disperse something over in
small drops or particles; to besprinkle; <as>as, to
<ex>sprinkle</ex> the earth with water; to <ex>sprinkle</ex> a
floor with sand</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To baptize by the application of a few drops, or
a small quantity, of water; hence, to cleanse; to purify.</def>
<q>Having our hearts <qex>sprinkled</qex> from an evil
conscience.</q>
<qau>Heb. x. 22.</qau>
<hw>Sprin"kle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To scatter
a liquid, or any fine substance, so that it may fall in
particles.</def>
<q>And the priest shall . . . <qex>sprinkle</qex> of the oil with
his finger seven times before the Lord.</q>
<qau>Lev. xiv. 16.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rain moderately, or with scattered drops
falling now and then; <as>as, it <ex>sprinkles</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fly or be scattered in small drops or
particles.</def>
<hw>Sprin"kle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small
quantity scattered, or sparsely distributed; a sprinkling.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A utensil for sprinkling; a sprinkler.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sprin"kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who sprinkles.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument or vessel used in sprinkling;
specifically, a watering pot.</def>
<hw>Sprin"kling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of one who, or that which, sprinkles.</def>
<q>Baptism may well enough be performed by <qex>sprinkling</qex>
or effusion of water.</q>
<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small quantity falling in distinct drops or
particles; <as>as, a <ex>sprinkling</ex> of rain or
snow</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, a moderate number or quantity distributed
like drops.</def>
<au>Craik.</au>
<hw>Sprint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sprinted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sprinting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Sprunt</er>.]</ety> <def>To run very rapidly; to run at full
speed.</def>
<q>A runner [in a quarter-mile race] should be able to
<qex>sprint</qex> the whole way.</q>
<qau>Encyc. Brit.</qau>
<hw>Sprint</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of sprinting; a run
of a short distance at full speed.</def>
<cs><col>Sprint race</col>, <cd>a foot race at the highest
running speed; -- usually limited to distance under a quarter of
a mile.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sprint"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sprints; one who runs in sprint races; <as>as, a champion
<ex>sprinter</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sprit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Akin to G.
<ets>spritzen</ets>, <ets>spr\'81tzen</ets>. See <er>Sprit</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To throw out with force from a
narrow orifice; to eject; to spurt out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sprit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>spryttan</ets> to
sprout, but. See <er>Sprout</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Spurt</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, Sprit a spar.]</ety> <def>To
sprout; to bud; to germinate, as barley steeped for malt.</def>
<hw>Sprit</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shoot; a sprout.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>Sprit</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>spret</ets>, AS.
<ets>spre\'a2t</ets> a sprit; spear; akin to D.
<ets>spriet</ets>, and E. <ets>sprout</ets>, <ets>sprit</ets>,
v.t. & i. See <er>Sprout</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small boom, pole, or spar, which
crosses the sail of a boat diagonally from the mast to the upper
aftmost corner, which it is used to extend and elevate.</def>
<hw>Sprite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sprit</ets>, F. <ets>esprit</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>spiritus</ets>. See <er>Spirit</er>, and cf.
<er>Sprightly</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A spirit; a soul; a
shade; also, an apparition. See <er>Spright</er>.</def>
<q>Gaping graves received the wandering, guilty
<qex>sprite</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An elf; a fairy; a goblin.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The green woodpecker, or
yaffle.</def>
<mhw><hw>Sprite"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<hw>Sprite"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>, <hw>Sprite"li*ness</hw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <hw>Sprite"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos>,
etc.</mhw> <def>See <er>Sprightful</er>, <er>Sprightfully</er>,
<er>Sprightliness</er>, <er>Sprightly</er>, etc.</def>
<hw>Sprit"sail</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sail extended by a
sprit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sail formerly hung under the
bowsprit, from the spritsail yard.</def>
<hw>Sprock"et wheel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Etymology of
<ets>sprocket</ets> is uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Chain wheel</er>.</def>
<hw>Sprod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gael. & Ir.
<ets>bradan</ets> a salmon.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
salmon in its second year.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sprong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Spring</er>. Sprung.</def>
<hw>Sprout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sprouted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sprouting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sprouten</ets>, <ets>spruten</ets>; akin to OFries.
<ets>spr<?/ta</ets>, AS. <ets>spre\'a2tan</ets>, D.
<ets>spruiten</ets>, G. <ets>spriessen</ets>, Sw.
<ets>spruta</ets> to squirt, to spout. Cf. <er>Sprit</er>,
<pos>v. t. & i.</pos>, <er>Sprit</er> a spar, <er>Spout</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Spurt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
shoot, as the seed of a plant; to germinate; to push out new
shoots; hence, to grow like shoots of plants.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shoot into ramifications.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sprout</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
sprout; <as>as, the rain will <ex>sprout</ex> the
seed</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deprive of sprouts; <as>as, to
<ex>sprout</ex> potatoes</as>.</def>
<hw>Sprout</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>sprote</ets> a
sprout, sprig; akin to Icel. <ets>sproti</ets>, G.
<ets>sprosse</ets>. See <er>Sprout</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The shoot of a plant; a shoot from the seed,
from the stump, or from the root or tuber, of a plant or tree;
more rarely, a shoot from the stem of a plant, or the end of a
branch.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Young coleworts; Brussels
sprouts.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<cs><col>Brussels sprouts</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Brussels</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spruce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>Spruce</ets> or <ets>Pruse</ets>, Prussia, Prussian. So
named because it was first known as a native of Prussia, or
because its sprouts were used for making, <ets>spruce beer</ets>.
Cf. <ets>Spruce beer</ets>, below, <er>Spruce</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any
coniferous tree of the genus <spn>Picea</spn>, as the Norway
spruce (<spn>P. excelsa</spn>), and the white and black spruces
of America (<spn>P. alba</spn> and <spn>P. nigra</spn>), besides
several others in the far Northwest. See <er>Picea</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The wood or timber of the spruce tree.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Prussia leather; pruce.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Spruce</qex>, a sort of leather corruptly so called for
Prussia leather.</q>
<qau>E. Phillips.</qau>
<cs><col>Douglas spruce</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a valuable
timber tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) of Northwestern
America.</cd> -- <col>Essence of spruce</col>, <cd>a thick,
dark-colored, bitterish, and acidulous liquid made by evaporating
a decoction of the young branches of spruce.</cd> -- <col>Hemlock
spruce</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a graceful coniferous tree
(<spn>Tsuga Canadensis</spn>) of North America. Its timber is
valuable, and the bark is largely used in tanning leather.</cd>
-- <col>Spruce beer</col>. <ety>[G. <ets>sprossenbier<ets>;
<ets>sprosse<ets> sprout, shoot (akin to E. <ets>sprout<ets>, n.)
+ <ets>bier<ets> beer. The word was changed into <ets>spruce<ets>
because the beer came from Prussia (OE. <ets>Spruce<ets>), or
because it was made from the sprouts of the spruce. See
<er>Sprout</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Beer</er>, and cf.
<er>Spruce</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <cd>A kind of beer which is
tinctured or flavored with spruce, either by means of the extract
or by decoction.</cd> -- <col>Spruce grouse</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Spruce partridge</cref>,
below.</cd> -- <col>Spruce leather</col>. <cd>See
<er>Spruce</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Spruce
partridge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a handsome American
grouse (<spn>Dendragapus Canadensis</spn>) found in Canada and
the Northern United States; -- called also <altname>Canada
grouse</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spruce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sprucer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sprucest</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[Perhaps
fr. <ets>spruce</ets> a sort of leather from Prussia, which was
an article of finery. See <er>Spruce</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Neat, without elegance or dignity; -- formerly
applied to things with a serious meaning; now chiefly applied to
persons.</def> \'bdNeat and <xex>spruce</xex> array.\'b8
<au>Remedy of Love.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sprightly; dashing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdNow, my <xex>spruce</xex> companions.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>He is so <qex>spruce</qex> that he can never be genteel.</q>
<qau>Tatler.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Finical; neat; trim. See <er>Finical</er>.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sruce"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Spruce"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spruce</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spruced</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sprucing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
dress with affected neatness; to trim; to make spruce.</def>
<hw>Spruce</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To dress one's self with
affected neatness; <as>as, to <ex>spruce</ex> up</as>.</def>
<hw>Sprue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>Strictly, the hole through which melted metal is poured into
the gate, and thence into the mold.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
waste piece of metal cast in this hole; hence, dross.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Sprew</er>.</def>
<hw>Sprug</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E.
<ets>sprug up</ets> to dress neatly, <ets>sprag</ets> to prop,
a., lively.]</ety> <def>To make smart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sprung</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Spring</er>.</def>
<hw>Sprung</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Said of a
spar that has been cracked or strained.</def>
<hw>Sprunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Sprout</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To spring up; to
germinate; to spring forward or outward.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<cs><col>To sprunt up</col>, <cd>to draw one's self up suddenly,
as in anger or defiance; to bristle up. <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>
<hw>Sprunt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything short
and stiff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A leap; a spring.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A steep ascent in a road.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sprunt</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Active; lively;
vigorous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Kersey.</au>
<hw>Sprunt"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sprunt manner;
smartly; vigorously; youthfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Spry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sprier</er> or <er>Spryer</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos> <er>Spriest</er> or
<er>Spryest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw.
<ets>sprygg</ets> lively, skittish, and E.
<ets>sprag</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having great power of leaping or
running; nimble; active.</def> <mark>[U.S. & Local Eng.]</mark>
<q>She is as <qex>spry</qex> as a cricket.</q>
<qau>S. Judd (Margaret).</qau>
<q>If I'm not so large as you,
You are not so small as I,
And not half so <qex>spry</qex>.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Spud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.
<ets>spyd</ets> a spear.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sharp, narrow
spade, usually with a long handle, used by farmers for digging up
large-rooted weeds; a similarly shaped implement used for various
purposes.</def>
<q>My <qex>spud</qex> these nettles from the stone can part.</q>
<qau>Swyft.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dagger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>olland.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything short and thick; specifically, a piece
of dough boiled in fat.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Spue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spew</er>.</def>
<hw>Spuil"zie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spulzie</er>.</def>
<hw>Spuke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Spook</er>.</def>
<hw>Spul"ler</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[For
<asp>spooler</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[See <er>Spool</er>.]</ety>
<def>One employed to inspect yarn, to see that it is well spun,
and fit for the loom.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spul"zie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Spoil</er>.]</ety> <def>Plunder, or booty.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>spuilzie</asp>, and
<asp>spulye</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Spume</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spuma</ets>. Cf. <er>Pumice</er>, <er>Spoom</er>.]</ety>
<def>Frothy matter raised on liquids by boiling, effervescence,
or agitation; froth; foam; scum.</def>
<q>Materials dark and crude,
Of spiritous and fiery <qex>spume</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Spume</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spumed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>spumare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To froth; to foam.</def>
<hw>Spume"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Spumous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>r. H. More.</au>
<hw>Spu*mes"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Spumescent</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being foamy;
frothiness.</def>
<hw>Spu*mes"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spumescens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>spumescere</ets> to grow
foamy, from <ets>spuma</ets> foam.]</ety> <def>Resembling froth
or foam; foaming.</def>
<hw>Spum"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spumidis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Spumous; frothy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spu*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spumifier</ets>; <ets>spuma</ets> foam + <ets>ferra</ets>
bear.]</ety> <def>Producing foam.</def>
<hw>Spum"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or condition of being spumy; spumescence.</def>
<-- p. 1395 -->
<mhw>{ <hw>Spum"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Spum"y</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>spumosus</ets>,
<?/ <ets>spuma</ets> foam: cf. F. <ets>spumeux</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Consisting of, containing, or covered with, froth, scum, or
foam; frothy; foamy.</def>
<q>The <qex>spumous</qex> and florid state of the blood.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<q>The <qex>spumy</qex> waves proclaim the watery war.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Spun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Spin</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Spun hay</col>, <cd>hay twisted into ropes for
convenient carriage, as on a military expedition.</cd> --
<col>Spun silk</col>, <cd>a cheap article produced from floss, or
short-fibered, broken, and waste silk, carded and spun, in
distinction from the long filaments wound from the cocoon. It is
often mixed with cotton.</cd> -- <col>Spun yarn</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a line formed of two or more rope-yarns
loosely twisted.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spunge</hw> <pr>(sp<ucr/nj)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sponge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Spunk</hw> <pr>(sp<ucr/<nsm/k)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Gael. <ets>spong</ets>, or Ir. <ets>sponc</ets>, tinder,
sponge; cf. AS. <ets>sponge</ets> a sponge (L.
<ets>spongia</ets>), <ets>sp<omac/n</ets> a chip. Cf.
<er>Sponge</er>, <er>Punk</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sponk</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wood that readily
takes fire; touchwood; also, a kind of tinder made from a species
of fungus; punk; amadou.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inflammable temper; spirit; mettle; pluck;
<as>as, a man of <ex>spunk</ex></as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>A lawless and dangerous set, men of <qex>spunk</qex>, and
spirit, and power, both of mind and body.</q>
<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>
<hw>Spunk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Spunkier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Spunkiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Full of
spunk; quick; spirited.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Spur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sparrow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A sparrow.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
tern.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Spur</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>spure</ets>, AS.
<ets>spura</ets>, <ets>spora</ets>; akin to D. <ets>spoor</ets>,
G. <ets>sporn</ets>, OHG. <ets>sporo</ets>, Icel.
<ets>spori</ets>, Dan. <ets>spore</ets>, Sw. <ets>sporre</ets>,
and to AS. <ets>spor</ets> a trace, footstep, <ets>spyrian</ets>
to trace, track, examine, and E. <ets>spurn</ets>. <root/171. Cf.
<er>Sparrow</er>, <er>Spere</er>, <er>Spoor</er>,
<er>Spurn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An implement secured to
the heel, or above the heel, of a horseman, to urge the horse by
its pressure. Modern spurs have a small wheel, or rowel, with
short points. Spurs were the badge of knighthood.</def>
<q>And on her feet a pair of <qex>spurs</qex> large.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<-- To earn one's spurs, win one's spurs, to earn recognition for
achievement or for expertise. -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which goads to action; an incitement.</def>
<q>Fame is the <qex>spur</qex> that the clear spirit doth raise
(That last infirmity of noble mind)
To scorn delights and live laborious days.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something that projects; a snag.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>One of the large or principal roots of a
tree.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any stiff, sharp spine, as
on the wings and legs of certain burds, on the legs of insects,
etc.; especially, the spine on a cock's leg.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A mountain that shoots from any other mountain,
or range of mountains, and extends to some distance in a lateral
direction, or at right angles.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A spiked iron worn by seamen upon the bottom of
the boot, to enable them to stand upon the carcass of a whale, to
strip off the blubber.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A brace strengthening a post
and some connected part, as a rafter or crossbeam; a strut.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The short wooden
buttress of a post.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A projection from the
round base of a column, occupying the angle of a square plinth
upon which the base rests, or bringing the bottom bed of the base
to a nearly square form. It is generally carved in leafage.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any projecting
appendage of a flower looking like a spur.</def> <au>Gray.</au>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Ergotized rye or other grain</def>.
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A wall that crosses a part
of a rampart and joins to an inner wall.</def>
<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A piece
of timber fixed on the bilge ways before launching, having the
upper ends bolted to the vessel's side.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
curved piece of timber serving as a half to support the deck
where a whole beam can not be placed.</def>
<cs><col>Spur fowl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
several species of Asiatic gallinaceous birds of the genus
<spn>Galloperdix</spn>, allied to the jungle fowl. The males have
two or more spurs on each leg.</cd> -- <col>Spur gear</col>
<fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a cogwheel having teeth which project
radially and stand parallel to the axis; a spur wheel.</cd> --
<col>Spur gearing</col>, <cd>gearing in which spur gears are
used. See under <er>Gearing</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spur pepper</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See the Note under <er>Capsicum</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Spur wheel</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Spur gear</cref>,
above.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spur</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spurred</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Spurring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
prick with spurs; to incite to a more hasty pace; to urge or
goad; <as>as, to <ex>spur</ex> a horse</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To urge or encourage to action, or to a more
vigorous pursuit of an object; to incite; to stimulate; to
instigate; to impel; to drive.</def>
<q>Love will not be <qex>spurred</qex> to what it loathes.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To put spurs on; <as>as, a <ex>spurred</ex>
boot</as>.</def>
<hw>Spur</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To spur on one' horse; to
travel with great expedition; to hasten; hence, to press forward
in any pursuit.</def> \'bdNow <xex>spurs</xex> the lated
traveler.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The Parthians shall be there,
And, <qex>spurring</qex> from the fight, confess their fear.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The roads leading to the capital were covered with multitudes
of yeomen, <qex>spurring</qex> hard to Westminster.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<q>Some bold men, . . . by <qex>spurring</qex> on, refine
themselves.</q>
<qau>Grew.</qau>
<hw>Spur"gall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place
galled or excoriated by much using of the spur.</def>
<hw>Spur"gall`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To gall or wound with
a spur.</def>
<hw>Spurge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>To emit foam; to froth; -- said of the
emission of yeast from beer in course of fermentation.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>W. Cartright.</au>
<hw>Spurge</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>espurge</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82purge</ets>, from OF. <ets>espurgier</ets> to purge, L.
<ets>expurgare</ets>. See <er>Expurgate</er>,
<er>Purge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the
genus Euphobia. See <er>Euphorbia</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Spurge flax</col>, <cd>an evergreen shrub (<spn>Daphne
Gnidium</spn>) with crowded narrow leaves. It is native of
Southern Europe.</cd> -- <col>Spurge laurel</col>, <cd>a European
shrub (<spn>Daphne Laureola</spn>) with oblong evergreen
leaves.</cd> -- <col>Spurge nettle</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Nettle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spurge olive</col>, <cd>an
evergreen shrub (<spn>Daphne oleoides</spn>) found in the
Mediterranean region.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spurge"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any euphorbiaceous plant.</def>
<au>Lindley.</au>
<hw>Spur"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d
<er>Spurge</er>.]</ety> <def>A purging.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Spu"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>spurius</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not proceeding from
the true source, or from the source pretended; not genuine;
false; adulterate.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not legitimate; bastard; <as>as,
<ex>spurious</ex> issue</as>.</def> \'bdHer <xex>spurious</xex>
firstborn.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<cs><mcol><col>Spurious primary</col>, <or/ <col>Spurious
quill</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the first, or
outer, primary quill when rudimentary or much reduced in size, as
in certain singing birds.</cd> -- <col>Spurious wing</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the bastard wing, or alula.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Counterfeit; false; adulterate; supposititious;
fictitious; bastard.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Spu"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Spu"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Spur"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no
spurs.</def>
<hw>Spur"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sparling</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
tern.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Tusser.</au>
<hw>Spur"ling-line`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
Prov. E. <ets>spurling</ets> the rut of a wheel, a cart rut, AS.
<ets>spor</ets> a track, trace, E. <ets>spoor</ets>. Scot.
<ets>spurl</ets> to sprawl.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The
line which forms the communication between the steering wheel and
the telltale.</def>
<hw>Spurn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Spurned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spurning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>spurnen</ets> to
kick against, to stumble over, AS. <ets>spurnan</ets> to kick,
offend; akin to <ets>spura</ets> spur, OS. & OHG. spurnan to
kick, Icel. <ets>spyrna</ets>, L. <ets>spernere</ets> to despise,
Skr. <ets>sphur</ets> to jerk, to push. <root/171. See
<er>Spur</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To drive back or away, as
with the foot; to kick.</def>
<q>[The bird] with his foot will <qex>spurn</qex> adown his
cup.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>I <qex>spurn</qex> thee like a cur out of my way.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reject with disdain; to scorn to receive or
accept; to treat with contempt.</def>
<q>What safe and nicely I might well delay
By rule of knighthood, I disdain and <qex>spurn</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Domestics will pay a more cheerful service when they find
themselves not <qex>spurned</qex> because fortune has laid them
at their master's feet.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<hw>Spurn</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To kick or toss
up the heels.</def>
<q>The miller <qex>spurned</qex> at a stone.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The drunken chairman in the kennel <qex>spurns</qex>.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To manifest disdain in rejecting anything; to
make contemptuous opposition or resistance.</def>
<q>Nay, more, to <qex>spurn</qex> at your most royal image.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Spurn</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kick; a blow
with the foot.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>What defence can properly be used in such a despicable
encounter as this but either the slap or the
<qex>spurn</qex>?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disdainful rejection; contemptuous
tratment.</def>
<q>The insolence of office and the <qex>spurns</qex>
That patient merit of the unworthy takes.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A body of coal left to
sustain an overhanding mass.</def>
<hw>Spurn"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
spurns.</def>
<hw>Spurn"-wa`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A channel at the end of a deck to
restrain the water.</def>
<hw>Spurred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Wearing spurs; furnished with a spur or spurs; having shoots
like spurs.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affected with spur, or ergot; <as>as,
<ex>spurred</ex> rye</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Spurred corolla</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a corolla
in which there are one or more petals with a spur.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spur"rer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
spurs.</def>
<hw>Spur"rey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Spurry</er>.</def>
<hw>Spur"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose
occupation is to make spurs.</def> <au>B. Jonson.</au> \'bdThe
saddlers and <xex>spurriers</xex> would be ruined by
thousands.\'b8 <au>Macaulay.</au>
<hw>Spur"-roy`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gold
coin, first made in the reign of Edward IV., having a star on the
reverse resembling the rowel of a spur. In the reigns of
Elizabeth and of James I., its value was fifteen shillings.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>spur-rial</asp>, and
<asp>spur-ryal</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Spur"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. or OF.
<ets>spurrie</ets>; cf. G. <ets>spergel</ets>, NL.
<ets>spergula</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual herb
(<spn>Spergula arvensis</spn>) with whorled filiform leaves,
sometimes grown in Europe for fodder.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>spurrey</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Sand spurry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any low herb of
the genus <spn>Lepigonum</spn>, mostly found in sandy
places.</cd></cs>
<hw>Spur"-shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of handsome
gastropod shells of the genus <spn>Trochus</spn>, or
<spn>Imperator</spn>. The shell is conical, with the margin
toothed somewhat like the rowel of a spur.</def>
<hw>Spurt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Written also
<ets>spirt</ets>, and originally the same word as
<ets>sprit</ets>; OE. <ets>sprutten</ets> to sprout, AS.
<ets>spryttan</ets>. See <er>Sprit</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>,
<er>Sprout</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To gush or issue
suddenly or violently out in a stream, as liquor from a cask; to
rush from a confined place in a small stream or jet; to
spirt.</def>
<q>Thus the small jet, which hasty hands unlock,
<qex>Spurts</qex> in the gardener's eyes who turns the cock.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Spurt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To throw out, as a liquid,
in a stream or jet; to drive or force out with violence, as a
liquid from a pipe or small orifice; <as>as, to <ex>spurt</ex>
water from the mouth</as>.</def>
<hw>Sourt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden or
violent ejection or gushing of a liquid, as of water from a tube,
orifice, or other confined place, or of blood from a wound; a
jet; a spirt.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A shoot; a bud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: A sudden outbreak; <as>as, a spurt of
jealousy</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Spurt grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a rush fit for
basket work.</cd></cs>
<au>Dr. Prior.</au>
<hw>Spurt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>sprette</ets> a spurt, spring, run, <ets>spretta</ets> to
sprit, spring.]</ety> <def>A sudden and energetic effort, as in
an emergency; an increased exertion for a brief space.</def>
<q>The long, steady sweep of the so-called \'bdpaddle\'b8 tried
him almost as much as the breathless strain of the
<qex>spurt</qex>.</q>
<qau>T. Hughes.</qau>
<hw>Spurt</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Spurted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Spurting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a sudden and violent
exertion, as in an emergency.</def>
<hw>Spur"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Freq. of
<ets>spurt</ets>.]</ety> <def>To spurt or shoot in a scattering
manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Spur"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.
<ets>spoor</ets> a track, trace (AS. <ets>spor</ets>) +
<ets>way</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bridle path.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Spur"-winged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having one or more spurs on the bend
of the wings.</def>
<cs><col>Spur-winged goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any
one of several species of long-legged African geese of the genus
<spn>Plectropterus</spn> and allied genera, having a strong spur
on the bend of the wing, as the Gambo goose (<spn>P.
Gambensis</spn>) and the Egyptian, or Nile, goose (<spn>Alopochen
\'92gyptiaca</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Spur-winged plover</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Old World plover (<spn>Hoplopterus
spinosus</spn>) having a sharp spur on the bend of the wing. It
inhabits Northern Africa and the adjacent parts of Asia and
Europe.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sput</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Steam
Boiler)</fld> <def>An annular re\'89nforce, to strengthen a place
where a hole is made.</def>
<hw>Spu*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sputare</ets> to spit, v. intens. fr. <ets>spuere</ets> to
spit: cf. F. <ets>sputation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
spitting; expectoration.</def>
<au>Harvey.</au>
<hw>Spu"ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined to
spit; spitting much.</def>
<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<hw>Spute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. from
<ets>dispute</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dispute; to discuss.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif.</au>
<hw>Sput"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sputtered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sputtering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From the root of
<ets>spout</ets> or <ets>spit</ets> to eject from the mputh. Cf.
<er>Splutter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To spit, or to emit
saliva from the mouth in small, scattered portions, as in rapid
speaking.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter words hastily and indistinctly; to
speak so rapidly as to emit saliva.</def>
<q>They could neither of them speak their rage, and so fell a
<qex>sputtering</qex> at one another, like two roasting
apples.</q>
<qau>Congreve.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To throw out anything, as little jets of steam,
with a noise like that made by one sputtering.</def>
<q>Like the green wood . . . <qex>sputtering</qex> in the
flame.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sput"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To spit out hastily by
quick, successive efforts, with a spluttering sound; to utter
hastily and confusedly, without control over the organs of
speech.</def>
<q>In the midst of caresses, and without the last pretend
incitement, to <qex>sputter</qex> out the basest accusations.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Sput"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Moist matter thrown out in
small detached particles; also, confused and hasty speech.</def>
<hw>Sput"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sputters.</def>
<hw>\'d8Spu"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sputa</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., from
<ets>spuere</ets>, <ets>sputum</ets>, to spit.]</ety> <def>That
which is expectorated; a salival discharge; spittle;
saliva.</def>
<hw>Spy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.
& p. p.</pos> <er>Spied</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Spying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>spien</ets>, <ets>espien</ets>, OF. <ets>espier</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82pier</ets>, OHG. <ets>speh<?/n</ets>, G.
<ets>sp\'84hen</ets>; akin to L. <ets>specere</ets> to see, Skr.
<ets>spa</ets>(<?/). <?/ 169. Cf. <er>Espy</er>, v.t.,
<er>Aspect</er>, <er>Auspice</er>, <er>Circumspect</er>,
<er>Conspicuouc</er>, <er>Despise</er>, <er>Frontispiece</er>,
<er>Inspect</er>, <er>Prospect</er>, <er>Respite</er>,
<er>Scope</er>, <er>Scecimen</er>, <er>Spectacle</er>,
<er>Specter</er>, <er>Speculate</er>, <er>Spice</er>,
<er>Spite</er>, <er>Suspicion</er>.]</ety> <def>To gain sight of;
to discover at a distance, or in a state of concealment; to espy;
to see.</def>
<q>One in reading, skipped over all sentences where he
<qex>spied</qex> a note of admiration.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To discover by close search or
examination.</def>
<q>Look about with yout eyes; <qex>spy</qex> what things are to
be reformed in the church of England.</q>
<qau>Latimer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To explore; to view; inspect; and examine
secretly, as a country; -- usually with <xex>out</xex>.</def>
<q>Moses sent to <qex>spy</qex> Jaazer, and they took the
villages thereof.</q>
<qau>Num. xxi. 32.</qau>
<hw>Spy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To search narrowly; to
scrutinize.</def>
<q>It is my nature's plague
To <qex>spy</qex> into abuses.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Spy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Spies</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Spy</er>, <pos>v.</pos>, and
cf. <er>Espy</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who
keeps a constant watch of the conduct of others.</def> \'bdThese
wretched <xex>spies</xex> of wit.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A person sent secretly into an
enemy's camp, territory, or fortifications, to inspect his works,
ascertain his strength, movements, or designs, and to communicate
such intelligence to the proper officer.</def>
<cs><col>Spy money</col>, <cd>money paid to a spy; the reward for
private or secret intelligence regarding the enemy.</cd> --
<col>Spy Wednesday</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the Wednesday
immediately preceding the festival of Easter; -- so called in
allusion to the betrayal of Christ by Judas Iscariot.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Emissary</er>, and <er>Scout</er>.</syn>
<hw>Spy"boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boat sent
to make discoveries and bring intelligence.</def>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Spy"glass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small
telescope for viewing distant terrestrial objects.</def>
<hw>Spy"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, n. Act or business of
spying.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Spy"nace</hw> <pr>(?; 48)</pr>, <hw>Spyne</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Pinnace</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1 <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Squab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw.
<ets>sqvabb</ets> a soft and fat body, <ets>sqvabba</ets> a fat
woman, Icel. <ets>kvap</ets> jelly, jellylike things, and and E.
<ets>quab</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fat; thick; plump;
bulky.</def>
<q>Nor the <qex>squab</qex> daughter nor the wife were nice.</q>
<qau>Betterton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unfledged; unfeathered; <as>as, a <ex>squab</ex>
pigeon</as>.</def>
<au>King.</au>
<hw>Squab</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A neatling of a pigeon or other similar bird, esp. when very
fat and not fully fledged.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person of a short, fat figure.</def>
<q>Gorgonious sits abdominous and wan,
Like a fat <qex>squab</qex> upon a Chinese fan.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A thickly stuffed cushion; especially, one used
for the seat of a sofa, couch, or chair; also, a sofa.</def>
<q>Punching the <qex>squab</qex> of chairs and sofas.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<q>On her large <qex>squab</qex> you find her spread.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Squab</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw.
<ets>squapp</ets>, a word imitative of a splash, and E.
<ets>squab</ets> fat, unfledged.]</ety> <def>With a heavy fall;
plump.</def> <mark>[Vulgar]</mark>
<q>The eagle took the tortoise up into the air, and dropped him
down, <qex>squab</qex>, upon a rock.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<hw>Squab</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fall plump; to strike at
one dash, or with a heavy stroke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Squa*bash"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To crush;
to quash; to squash.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Slang, Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Squab"bish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Thick; fat;
heavy.</def>
<-- p. 1396 -->
<hw>Squab"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Squabbled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Squabbling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw.
<ets>skvabbel</ets> a dispute, <ets>skvappa</ets> to
chide.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To contend for superiority in an
unseemly maner; to scuffle; to struggle; to wrangle; to
quarrel.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To debate peevishly; to dispute.</def>
<q>The sense of these propositions is very plain, though
logicians might <qex>squabble</qex> a whole day whether they
should rank them under negative or affirmative.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To dispute; contend; scuffle; wrangle; quarrel;
struggle.</syn>
<hw>Squab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To
disarrange, so that the letters or lines stand awry or are mixed
and need careful readjustment; -- said of type that has been set
up.</def>
<hw>Squab"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A scuffle; a wrangle; a
brawl.</def>
<hw>Squab"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
squabbles; a contentious person; a brawler.</def>
<hw>Squab"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Short and
thick; suqabbish.</def>
<hw>Squab"-chick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young chicken before it is fully
fledged.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Squac"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Squaccos</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A heron (<spn>Ardea comata</spn>) found in Asia, Northern
Africa, and Southern Europe.</def>
<hw>Squad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>escouade</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>escuadra</ets>, or It.
<ets>squadra</ets>, (assumed) LL. <ets>exquadrare</ets> to
square; L. <ets>ex + quadra</ets> a square. See
<er>Square</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A
small party of men assembled for drill, inspection, or other
purposes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, any small party.</def>
<hw>Squad</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sloppy mud.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Squad"ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>escadron</ets>, formerly also <ets>esquadron</ets>, or It.
<ets>squadrone</ets>. See <er>Squad</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Primarily, a square; hence, a square body of troops; a body
of troops drawn up in a square.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Those half-rounding quards
Just met, and, closing, stood in <qex>squadron</qex> joined.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of cavarly comparising
two companies or troops, and averging from one hundred and twenty
to two hundred men.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A detachment of vessels
employed on any particular service or station, under the command
of the senior officer; <as>as, the North Atlantic
<ex>Squadron</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<cs><col>Flying squadron</col>, <cd>a squadron of observation or
practice, that cruises rapidly about from place to
place.</cd></cs>
<qau>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</qau>
<hw>Squad"roned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed into
squadrons, or squares.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Squail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To throw
sticls at cocks; to throw anything about awkwardly or
irregularly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Southey.</au>
<hw>Squai"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Squeamish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Squa"li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. L. <ets>squalus</ets> a kind of sea fish.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The suborder of elasmobranch fishes
which comprises the sharks.</def>
<hw>Squal"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>squalidus</ets>, fr. <ets>squalere</ets> to be foul or
filthy.]</ety> <def>Dirty through neglect; foul; filthy;
extremely dirty.</def>
<q>Uncomed his locks, and <qex>squalid</qex> his attrie.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Those <qex>squalid</qex> dens, which are the reproach of large
capitals.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Squa*lid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>squaliditas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being
squalid; foulness; filthiness.</def>
<hw>Squal"id*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
squalid manner.</def>
<hw>Squal"id*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being squalid.</def>
<hw>Squall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw.
<ets>sqval</ets> an impetuous running of water,
<ets>sqval</ets>regn a violent shower of rain, <ets>sqala</ets>
to stream, to gush.]</ety> <def>A sudden violent gust of wind
often attended with rain or snow.</def>
<q>The gray skirts of a lifting <qex>squall</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<cs><col>Black squall</col>, <cd>a squall attended with dark,
heavy clouds.</cd> -- <col>Thick squall</col>, <cd>a black squall
accompanied by rain, hail, sleet, or snow.</cd> <au>Totten.</au>
-- <col>White squall</col>, <cd>a squall which comes
unexpectedly, without being marked in its approach by the
clouds.</cd></cs>
<au>Totten.</au>
<hw>Squall</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Squalled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Squalling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>skvala</ets>. Cf. <er>Squeal</er>.]</ety> <def>To cry out;
to scream or cry violently, as a woman frightened, or a child in
anger or distress; <as>as, the infant
<ex>squalled</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Squall</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A loud scream; a harsh
cry.</def>
<q>There oft are heard the notes of infant woe, -
The short, thick sob, loud scream, and shriller
<qex>squall</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Squall"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
squalls; a screamer.</def>
<hw>Squall"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Abounding with squalls; disturbed often with sudden and
violent gusts of wind; gusty; <as>as, <ex>squally</ex>
weather</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>Interrupted by unproductive
spots; -- said of a flied of turnips or grain.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>Not equally good
throughout; not uniform; uneven; faulty; -- said of cloth.</def>
<hw>Squa"lo*don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>Squalus</ets> a genus of sharks + Gr. <?/, <?/, a
tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil whales
belonging to the Phocodontia; -- so called because their are
serrated, like a shark's.</def>
<hw>Squa"lo*dont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to Squalodon.</def>
<hw>Squa"loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>Squalus</ets> a genus of sharks (fr. L. <ets>squalus</ets> a
kind of sea fish) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Like or pertaining to a shark or sharks.</def>
<hw>Squa"lor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
<ets>squalere</ets> to be foul or filthy.]</ety>
<def>Squalidness; foulness; filthness; squalidity.</def>
<q>The heterogenous indigent multitude, everywhere wearing nearly
the same aspect of <qex>squalor</qex>.</q>
<qau>Taylor.</qau>
<q>To bring this sort of <qex>squalor</qex> among the upper
classes.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Squa"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Squam\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. a scale.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A scale cast off from the skin; a thin dry
shred consisting of epithelium.</def>
<hw>Squa*ma"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Squamose.</def>
<hw>\'d8Squa*ma"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>squamatus</ets> scaly.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of edentates having the
body covered with large, imbricated horny scales. It includes the
pangolins.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Squa"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Squa"ma*ted</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>squamatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as
<er>Squamose</er>.</def>
<hw>Squam"duck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
American eider duck.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Squame</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>squama</ets> scale.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A scale.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdiron <xex>squames</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The scale, or exopodite,
of an antenna of a crustacean.</def>
<hw>\'d8Squa*mel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Squamell\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. fr.
L. <ets>squama</ets> a scale.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
diminutive scale or bractlet, such as those found on the
receptacle in many composite plants; a palea.</def>
<hw>Squa*mel"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished
or covered with little scales; squamulose.</def>
<hw>Squa"mi*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.
<ets>squama</ets> a scale + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having
the shape of a scale.</def>
<hw>Squa*mig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>squamiger</ets>; <ets>squama</ets> a scale +
<ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Bearing scales.</def>
<hw>Squam"i*pen</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> ;<plu>pl.
<plw>Squamipennes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>squama</ets> a scale + <ets>penna</ets> a fin: cf. F.
<ets>squamipenne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one
of a group of fishes having the dorsal and anal fins partially
covered with scales.</def>
<note><hand/ They are compressed and mostly, bright-colored
tropical fishes, belonging to <spn>Ch\'91todon</spn> and allied
genera. Many of them are called <stype>soral fishes</stype>, and
<stype>angel fishes</stype>.</note>
<hw>Squa"moid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>squama</ets> scale + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling
a scale; also, covered with scales; scaly.</def>
<hw>Squa*mo"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Scalelike; squamous; <as>as,
the <ex>squamosal</ex> bone</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or
pertaining to the squamosal bone.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<def>The squamous part of the temporal bone, or a bone
correspondending to it, under <er>Temporal</er>.</def></def2>
<mhw>{ <hw>Squa*mose"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ <?/)</pr>,
<hw>Squa"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <ety>[<ets>L</ets>.
<ets>squamosus</ets>, fr. <ets>squama</ets> a scale: cf. F.
<ets>squameux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Covered with, or
consisting of, scales; resembling a scale; scaly; <as>as, the
<ex>squamose</ex> cones of the pine; <ex>squamous</ex> epithelial
cells; the <ex>squamous</ex> portion of the temporal bone, which
is so called from a fancied resemblance to a scale.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
squamosal bone; squamosal.</def>
<hw>Squa`mo*zyg`o*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both the squamosal
and zygomatic bones; -- applied to a bone, or a center of
ossification, in some fetal skulls.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<def>A squamozygomatic bone.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Squam"u*la</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Squamul\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.,
dim. of <ets>squama</ets> a scale.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>One of the little hypogynous scales found in the flowers of
grasses; a lodicule.</def>
<hw>Squam"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Squamulose</er>.</def>
<hw>Squam"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Squamula</er>.</def>
<hw>Squam"u*lose`</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having little scales; squamellate; squamulate.</def>
<hw>Squan"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Squandered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Squandering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Scot.
<ets>squatter</ets> to splash water about, to scatter, to
squander, Prov. E. <ets>swatter</ets>, Dan. <ets>sqvatte</ets>,
Sw. <ets>sqv\'84tta</ets> to squirt, <ets>sqv\'84ttra</ets> to
squander, Icel. <ets>skvetta</ets> to squirt out, to throw out
water.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To scatter; to disperse.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Our <qex>squandered</qex> troops he rallies.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To spend lavishly or profusely; to spend
prodigally or wastefully; to use without economy or judgment; to
dissipate; <as>as, to <ex>squander</ex> an estate</as>.</def>
<q>The crime of <qex>squandering</qex> health is equal to the
folly.</q>
<qau>Rambler.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To spend; expend; waste; scatter; dissipate.</syn>
<hw>Squan"der</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To spend
lavishly; to be wasteful.</def>
<q>They often <qex>squandered</qex>, but they never gave.</q>
<qau>Savage.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wander at random; to scatter.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The wise man's folly is anatomized
Even by <qex>squandering</qex> glances of the fool.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Squan"der</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of squandering;
waste.</def>
<hw>Squan"der*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
squanders.</def>
<hw>Squan"der*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a squandering
manner.</def>
<hw>Square</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>esquarre</ets>, <ets>esquierre</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82querre</ets> a carpenter's square (cf. It.
<ets>squadra</ets>), fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>exquadrare</ets> to
make square; L. <ets>ex + quadrus</ets> a square, fr.
<ets>quattuor</ets> four. See <er>Four</er>, and cf.
<er>Quadrant</er>, <er>Squad</er>, <er>Squer</er> a
square.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The corner, or angle, of a figure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A parallelogram having four equal sides and
four right angles.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, anything which is square, or nearly
so</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A square piece or fragment.</def>
<q>He bolted his food down his capacious throat in
<qex>squares</qex> of three inches.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd><def> A pane of glass</def>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A certain number of lines, forming a
portion of a column, nearly square; -- used chiefly in reckoning
the prices of advertisements in newspapers</def>. <sd>(d)</sd>
<fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>One hundred superficial feet</def>.
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An area of four sides, generally with houses on
each side; sometimes, a solid block of houses; also, an open
place or area for public use, as at the meeting or intersection
of two or more streets.</def>
<q>The statue of Alexander VII. stands in the large
<qex>square</qex> of the town.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mech. & Joinery)</fld> <def>An instrument
having at least one right angle and two or more straight edges,
used to lay out or test square work. It is of several forms, as
the T square, the carpenter's square, the try-square., etc.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, a pattern or rule.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Arith. & Alg.)</fld> <def>The product of a
number or quantity multiplied by itself; <as>thus, 64 is the
<ex>square</ex> of 8, for <mathex>8 <times/ 8 = 64</mathex>; the
<ex>square</ex> of <mathex>a + b</mathex> is
<mathex>a<exp>2</exp> + 2ab + b<exp>2</exp></mathex></as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Exact proportion; justness of workmanship and
conduct; regularity; rule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They of Galatia [were] much more out of <qex>square</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<q>I have not kept my <qex>square</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of troops formed in a
square, esp. one formed to resist a charge of cavalry; a
squadron.</def> \'bdThe brave <xex>squares</xex> of war.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Fig.: The relation of harmony, or exact
agreement; equality; level.</def>
<q>We live not on the <qex>square</qex> with such as these.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The position of planets
distant ninety degrees from each other; a quadrate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>The act of squaring, or quarreling; a
quarrel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>The front of a woman's dress over the bosom,
usually worked or embroidered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Geometrical square</col>. <cd>See <er>Quadrat</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Hollow square</col>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a formation of troops in the shape of a
square, each side consisting of four or five ranks, and the
colors, officers, horses, etc., occupying the middle.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Least square</col>, <col>Magic square</col></mcol>,
<cd>etc. See under <er>Least</er>, <er>Magic</er>, etc.</cd> --
<mcol><col>On the square</col>, <or/ <col>Upon the
square</col></mcol>, <cd>in an open, fair manner; honestly, or
upon honor.</cd> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark> --
<mcol><col>On</col>, <or/ <col>Upon</col>, <col>the square
with</col></mcol>, <cd>upon equality with; even with.</cd>
<au>Nares.</au> -- <col>To be all squares</col>, <cd>to be all
settled.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <au>Dickens.</au> -- <col>To
be at square</col>, <cd>to be in a state of quarreling.</cd>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Nares.</au> -- <col>To break no
square</col>, <cd>to give no offense; to make no difference.</cd>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To break squares</col>, <cd>to depart
from an accustomed order.</cd> <col>To see how the squares
go</col>, <cd>to see how the game proceeds; -- a phrase taken
from the game of chess, the chessboard being formed with
squares.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>L'Estrange.</au></cs>
<hw>Square</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Having four equal sides and four right
angles; <as>as, a <ex>square</ex> figure</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Forming a right angle; <as>as, a <ex>square</ex>
corner</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having a shape broad for the height, with
rectilineal and angular rather than curving outlines; <as>as, a
man of a <ex>square</ex> frame</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Exactly suitable or correspondent; true;
just.</def>
<q>She's a most truimphant lady, if report be <qex>square</qex>
to her.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Rendering equal justice; exact; fair; honest, as
<xex>square</xex> dealing.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Even; leaving no balance; <as>as, to make or
leave the accounts <ex>square</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Leaving nothing; hearty; vigorous.</def>
<q>By Heaven, <qex>square</qex> eaters.
More meat, I say.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>At right angles with the mast
or the keel, and parallel to the horizon; -- said of the yards of
a square-rigged vessel when they are so braced.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Square</xex> is often used in self-explaining
compounds or combination, as in <xex>square</xex>-built,
<xex>square</xex>-cornered, <xex>square</xex>-cut,
<xex>square</xex>-nosed, etc.</note>
<cs><col>Square foot</col>, <cd>an area equal to that of a square
the sides of which are twelwe inches; 144 square inches.</cd> --
<col>Square knot</col>, <cd>a knot in which the terminal and
standing parts are parallel to each other; a reef knot. See
<xex>Illust<xex>. under <er>Knot</er>.</cd> -- <col>Square
measure</col>, <cd>the measure of a superficies or surface which
depends on the length and breadth taken conjointly. The units of
square measure are squares whose sides are the linear measures;
as, <xex>square<xex> inches, <xex>square<xex> feet,
<xex>square<xex> meters, etc.</cd> -- <col>Square number</col>.
<cd>See <er>square</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Square root of a number</col> <or/
<col>quantity</col></mcol> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>that number or
quantity which, multiplied by itself produces the given number or
quantity.</cd> -- <col>Square sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>a four-sided sail extended upon a yard suspended by the
middle; sometimes, the foresail of a schooner set upon a yard;
also, a cutter's or sloop's sail boomed out. See <xex>Illust<xex>
of <er>Sail</er>.</cd> -- <col>Square stern</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a stern having a transom and joining the
counter timbers at an angle, as distinguished from a <xex>round
stern<xex>, which has no transom.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Three-square</col>, <col>Five-square</col>,
etc.</mcol>, <cd>having three, five, etc., equal sides; as, a
<xex>three-square</xex> file.</cd> -- <col>To get square
with</col>, <cd>to get even with; to pay off.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Square</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Squared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Squaring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>escarrer</ets>, <ets>esquarrer</ets>. See <er>Square</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To form with four sides and
four right angles.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form with right angles and straight lines, or
flat surfaces; <as>as, to <ex>square</ex> mason's
work</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To compare with, or reduce to, any given measure
or standard.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To adjust; to regulate; to mold; to shape; to
fit; <as>as, to <ex>square</ex> our actions by the opinions of
others</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Square</qex> my trial
To my proportioned strength.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To make even, so as leave no remainder of
difference; to balance; <as>as, to <ex>square</ex>
accounts</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To multiply by itself;
<as>as, to <ex>square</ex> a number or a quantity</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>To hold a quartile position
respecting.</def>
<q>The icy Goat and Crab that <qex>square</qex> the Scales.</q>
<qau>Creech.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To place at right angles with
the keel; <as>as, to <ex>square</ex> the yards</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To square one's shoulders</col>, <cd>to raise the
shoulders so as to give them a square appearance, -- a movement
expressing contempt or dislike.</cd> <au>Sir W. Scott.</au> --
<col>To square the circle</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>to
determine the exact contents of a circle in square measure. The
solution of this famous problem is now generally admitted to be
impossible.</cd></cs>
<hw>Square</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To accord or
agree exactly; to be consistent with; to conform or agree; to
suit; to fit.</def>
<q>No works shall find acceptamce . . .
That <qex>square</qex> not truly with the Scripture plan.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To go to opposite sides; to take an attitude of
offense or defense, or of defiance; to quarrel.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Are you such fools
To <qex>square</qex> for this?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take a boxing attitude; -- often with
<xex>up</xex>, sometimes with <xex>off</xex>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<hw>Square"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a square form or
manner.</def>
<hw>Square"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
square; <as>as, an instrument to try the <ex>squareness</ex> of
work</as>.</def>
<hw>Squar"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, squares.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who squares, or quarrels; a hot-headed,
contentious fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<-- p. 1397 -->
<hw>Square"-rigged`</hw> <pr>(skw<acir/r"r<icr/gd`)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having the sails extended
upon yards suspended horizontally by the middle, as distinguished
from fore-and-aft sails; thus, a ship and a brig are
<xex>square-rigged</xex> vessels.</def>
<hw>Square"-toed`</hw> <pr>(-t<omac/d`)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Having the toe square.</def>
<q>Obsolete as fardingales, ruffs, and <qex>square-toed</qex>
shoes.</q>
<qau>V. Knox.</qau>
<hw>Square"-toes`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A precise
person; -- used contemptuously or jocularly.</def>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Squar"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nearly square.</def>
<au>Pennant.</au>
<hw>Squar*rose"</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>squarrosus</ets> (perhaps) scurfy, scabby.]</ety>
<def>Ragged or full of lose scales or projecting parts; rough;
jagged</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Consisting of scales widely divaricating; having scales,
small leaves, or other bodies, spreading widely from the axis on
which they are crowded; -- said of a calyx or stem</def>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Divided into shreds or jags,
raised above the plane of the leaf, and not parallel to it; said
of a leaf</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having
scales spreading every way, or standing upright, or at right
angles to the surface; -- said of a shell.</def>
<cs><col>Squarrose-slashed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>doubly
slashed, with the smaller divisions at right angles to the
others, as a leaf.</cd></cs>
<au>Landley.</au>
<hw>Squar*ro`so-den"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the teeth bent out of the plane of
the lamina; -- said of a leaf.</def>
<hw>Squar"rous</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Squarrose.</def>
<hw>Squar"ru*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of
<ets>squarrose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Somewhat
squarrose; slightly squarrose.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Squash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Musquash</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American
animal allied to the weasel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Goldsmith.</au>
<hw>Squash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Massachusetts Indian
<ets>asq</ets>, pl. <ets>asquash</ets>, raw, green, immaturate,
applied to fruit and vegetables which were used when green, or
without cooking; <ets>askutasquash</ets> vine apple.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant and its fruit of the genus
<spn>Cucurbita</spn>, or gourd kind.</def>
<note><hand/ The species are much confused. The long-neck squash
is called <spn>Cucurbita verrucosa</spn>, the Barbary or China
squash, <spn>C. moschata</spn>, and the great winter squash,
<spn>C. maxima</spn>, but the distinctions are not clear.</note>
<cs><col>Squash beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small
American beetle (<spn>Diabrotica, <or/ Galeruca vittata</spn>)
which is often abundant and very injurious to the leaves of
squash, cucumber, etc. It is striped with yellow and black. The
name is applied also to other allied species.</cd> -- <col>Squash
bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large black American
hemipterous insect (<spn>Coreus, <or/ Anasa, tristis</spn>)
injurious to squash vines.</cd></cs>
<hw>Squash</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Squashed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Squashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>squashen</ets>, OF. <ets>escachier</ets>,
<ets>esquachier</ets>, to squash, to crush, F.
<ets>\'82cacher</ets>, perhaps from (assumed) LL.
<ets>excoacticare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> +
<ets>coactare</ets> to constrain, from <ets>cogere</ets>,
<ets>coactum</ets>, to compel. Cf. <er>Cogent</er>,
<er>Squat</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To beat or press
into pulp or a flat mass; to crush.</def>
<hw>Squash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something soft
and easily crushed; especially, an unripe pod of pease.</def>
<q>Not yet old enough for a man, nor young enough for a boy; as a
<qex>squash</qex> is before 't is a peascod.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, something unripe or soft; -- used in
contempt.</def> \'bdThis <xex>squash</xex>, this gentleman.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sudden fall of a heavy, soft body; also, a
shock of soft bodies.</def>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<q>My fall was stopped by a terrible <qex>squash</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Squash"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, squashes.</def>
<hw>Squash"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being squashy, or soft.</def>
<hw>Squash"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Easily
squashed; soft.</def>
<hw>Squat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The angel fish (<spn>Squatina angelus</spn).</def>
<hw>Squat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Squatted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Squatting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>squatten</ets> to
crush, OF. <ets>esquater</ets>, <ets>esquatir</ets> (cf. It.
<ets>quatto</ets> squat, cowering), perhaps fr. L. <ets>ex</ets>
+ <ets>coactus</ets>, p. p. <ets>cogere</ets> to drive or urge
together. See <er>Cogent</er>, <er>Squash</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sit down upon the hams or
heels; <as>as, the savages <ex>squatted</ex> near the
fire</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sit close to the ground; to cower; to stoop,
or lie close, to escape observation, as a partridge or
rabbit.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To settle on another's land without title; also,
to settle on common or public lands.</def>
<hw>Squat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bruise or make flat by a
fall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Squat</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sitting on the
hams or heels; sitting close to the ground; cowering;
crouching.</def>
<q>Him there they found,
<qex>Squat</qex> like a toad, close at the ear of Eve.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Short and thick, like the figure of an animal
squatting.</def> \'bdThe round, <xex>squat</xex> turret.\'b8
<au>R. Browning.</au>
<q>The head [of the squill insect] is broad and
<qex>squat</qex>.</q>
<qau>Grew.</qau>
<hw>Squat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The posture of one
that sits on his heels or hams, or close to the ground.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden or crushing fall.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>erbert.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small vein of
ore.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mineral consisting of tin ore and
spar.</def>
<au>Halliwell. Woodward.</au>
<cs><col>Squat snipe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
jacksnipe; -- called also <altname>squatter</altname>.</cd>
<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Squat"er*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black-bellied plover.</def>
<hw>Squat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who squats; specifically, one who settles unlawfully
upon land without a title. In the United States and Australia the
term is sometimes applied also to a person who settles lawfully
upon government land under permission and restrictions, before
acquiring title.</def>
<q>In such a tract, <qex>squatters</qex> and trespassers were
tolerated to an extent now unknown.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Squat
snipe</cref>, under <er>Squat</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Squatter sovereignty</col>, <cd>the right claimed by the
squatters, or actual residents, of a Territory of the United
States to make their own laws.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au></cs>
<hw>Squat"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Squat;
dumpy.</def>
<au>J. Burroughs.</au>
<hw>Squaw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Massachusetts
Indian <ets>squa</ets>, <ets>eshqua</ets>; Narragansett
<ets>squ\'83ws</ets>; Delaware <ets>ochqueu</ets>, and
<ets>khqueu</ets>; used also in compound words (as the names of
animals) in the sense of <ets>female</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female;
a woman; -- in the language of Indian tribes of the Algonquin
family, correlative of <xex>sannup</xex>.</def>
<cs><col>Old squaw</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Old</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Squaw"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A local name for the partridge berry;
also, for the deerberry.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Squawk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Squawked</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Squawking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Squeak</er>.]</ety> <def>To utter a shrill, abrupt scream; to
squeak harshly.</def>
<cs><col>Squawking thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
missel turush; -- so called from its note when alarmed.</cd>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Squawk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of squawking;
a harsh squeak.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American night heron.
See under <er>Night</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Squawk duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
bimaculate duck (<spn>Anas glocitans</spn>). It has patches of
reddish brown behind, and in front of, each eye.</cd>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Squawl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See
<er>Squall</er>.</def>
<hw>Squaw"root`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A scaly parasitic plant (<spn>Conopholis
Americana</spn>) found in oak woods in the United States; --
called also <altname>cancer root</altname>.</def>
<hw>Squaw"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The golden ragwort. See under
<er>Ragwort</er>.</def>
<hw>Squeak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.& p. p.</pos> <er>Squaked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Squeaking</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Probably of imitative origin; cf. Sw. <ets>sqv\'84ka</ets>
to croak, Icel. <ets>skvakka</ets> to give a sound as of water
shaken in a bottle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter a sharp,
shrill cry, usually of short duration; to cry with an acute tone,
as an animal; or, to make a sharp, disagreeable noise, as a pipe
or quill, a wagon wheel, a door; to creak.</def>
<q>Who can endure to hear one of the rough old Romans
<qex>squeaking</qex> through the mouth of an eunuch?</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>Zoilus calls the companions of Ulysses the
\'bd<qex>squeaking</qex> pigs\'b8 of Homer.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To break silence or secrecy for fear of pain or
punishment; to speak; to confess.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<-- = squeal? See below. in MW10, they are synonyms -->
<q>If he be obstinate, put a civil question to him upon the rack,
and he <qex>squeaks</qex>, I warrant him.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Squeak</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sharp, shrill, disagreeable
sound suddenly utered, either of the human voice or of any animal
or instrument, such as is made by carriage wheels when dry, by
the soles of leather shoes, or by a pipe or reed.</def>
<hw>Squeak"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, squeaks.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Australian gray crow
shrile (<spn>Strepera anaphonesis</spn>); -- so called from its
note.</def>
<-- 3. A contest won by a slim margin; or a narrow escape from
harm. -->
<hw>Squeak"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a squeaking
manner.</def>
<hw>Squeal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Squealed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Squealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of Scand. origin; cf. Sw.
<ets>sqv\'84la</ets>, Norw. <ets>skvella</ets>. Cf.
<er>Squeak</er>, <er>Squall</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cry
with a sharp, shrill, prolonged sound, as certain animals do,
indicating want, displeasure, or pain.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To turn informer; to betray a secret.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<hw>Squeal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shrill, somewhat prolonged
cry.</def>
<hw>Squeal"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, squeals.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European
swift.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The harlequin duck.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The American golden plover.</def>
<hw>Squeam"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>squaimous</ets>, <ets>sweymous</ets>, probably from OE.
<ets>sweem</ets>, <ets>swem</ets>, dizziness, a swimming in the
head; cf. Icel. <ets>svemr</ets> a bustle, a stir, Norw.
<ets>sveim</ets> a hovering about, a sickness that comes upon
one, Icel. <ets>svimi</ets> a giddiness, AS. <ets>sw\'c6mi</ets>.
The word has been perhaps confused witrh <ets>qualmish</ets>.
Cf. <er>Swim</er> to be dizzy.]</ety> <def>Having a stomach that
is easily or nauseated; hence, nice to excess in taste;
fastidious; easily disgusted; apt to be offended at trifling
improprieties.</def>
<q>Quoth he, that honor's very <qex>squeamish</qex>
That takes a basting for a blemish.</q>
<qau>Hudibras.</qau>
<q>His muse is rustic, and perhaps too plain
The men of <qex>squeamish</qex> taste to entertain.</q>
<qau>Southern.</qau>
<q>So ye grow <qex>squeamish</qex>, Gods, and sniff at
heaven.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Fastidious; dainty; overnice; scrupulous. See
<er>Fastidious</er>.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Squeam"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Squeam"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Squeam"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Squeamish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Squea"si*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Queasiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sque"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Queasy; nice;
squeamish; fastidious; scrupulous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Earle.</au>
<hw>Squee"gee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Squilgee</er>.</def>
<hw>Squeeze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Squeezed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Squeezing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>queisen</ets>,
AS. <ets>cw<emac/san</ets>, <ets>cw<ymac/san</ets>,
<ets>cw\'c6san</ets>, of uncertain origin. The <ets>s-</ets> was
probably prefixed through the influence of <ets>squash</ets>,
v.t.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To press between two bodies; to
press together closely; to compress; often, to compress so as to
expel juice, moisture, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>squeeze</ex> an
orange with the fingers; to <ex>squeeze</ex> the hand in
friendship.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To oppress with hardships, burdens, or
taxes; to harass; to crush.</def>
<q>In a civil war, people must expect to be crushed and
<qex>squeezed</qex> toward the burden.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To force, or cause to pass, by compression;
often with <xex>out</xex>, <xex>through</xex>, etc.; <as>as, to
<ex>squeeze</ex> water through felt</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To compress; hug; pinch; gripe; crowd.</syn>
<hw>Squeeze</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To press; to urge one's
way, or to pass, by pressing; to crowd; -- often with
<xex>through</xex>, <xex>into</xex>, etc.; <as>as, to
<ex>squeeze</ex> hard to get through a crowd</as>.</def>
<hw>Squeeze</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of one
who squeezes; compression between bodies; pressure.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A facsimile impression taken in some soft
substance, as pulp, from an inscription on stone.</def>
<hw>Squeez"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, squeezes; <as>as, a lemon
<ex>squeezer</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Forging)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A machine like
a large pair of pliers, for shingling, or squeezing, the balls of
metal when puddled; -- used only in the plural.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A machine of several forms for the same
purpose; -- used in the singular.</def>
<hw>Squeez"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
pressing; compression; oppression.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>That which is forced out by
pressure; dregs.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Squeeze</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
2.</def>
<hw>Squelch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Squelched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Squelching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. prov. E.
<ets>quelch</ets> a blow, and <ets>quel</ets> to crush, to
kill.]</ety> <def>To quell; to crush; to silence or put
down.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>Oh 't was your luck and mine to be <qex>squelched</qex>.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<q>If you deceive us you will be <qex>squelched</qex>.</q>
<qau>Carlyle.</qau>
<hw>Squelch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A heavy fall, as of
something flat; hence, also, a crushing reply.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Hudibras.</au>
<hw>Sque*teague"</hw> <pr>(skw<esl/*t<emac/g")</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[from the North American Indian name.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American sci\'91noid fish
(<spn>Cynoscion regalis</spn>), abundant on the Atlantic coast of
the United States, and much valued as a food fish. It is of a
bright silvery color, with iridescent reflections. Called also
<altname>weakfish</altname>, <altname>squitee</altname>,
<altname>chickwit</altname>, and <altname>sea trout</altname>.
The spotted squeteague (<spn>C. nebulosus</spn>) of the Southern
United States is a similar fish, but the back and upper fins are
spotted with black. It is called also <altname>spotted
weakfish</altname>, and, locally, <altname>sea trout</altname>,
and <altname>sea salmon</altname>.</def>
<-- also called squit. See under squitee. -->
<hw>Squib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>squippen</ets>, <ets>swippen</ets>, to move swiftky, Icel.
<ets>svipa</ets> to swoop, flash, dart, whip; akin to AS.
<ets>swipian</ets> to whip, and E. <ets>swift</ets>, a. See
<er>Swift</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A little
pipe, or hollow cylinder of paper, filled with powder or
combustible matter, to be thrown into the air while burning, so
as to burst there with a crack.</def>
<q>Lampoons, like <qex>squibs</qex>, may make a present
blaze.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<q>The making and selling of fireworks, and <qex>squibs</qex> . .
. is punishable.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A kind of slow match or
safety fuse.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sarcastic speech or publication; a petty
lampoon; a brief, witty essay.</def>
<q>Who copied his <qex>squibs</qex>, and re\'89choed his
jokes.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A writer of lampoons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>squibs</qex> are those who in the common phrase of
the world are called libelers, lampooners, and pamphleteers.</q>
<qau>Tatler.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A paltry fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Squib</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Squibbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Squibbing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To throw squibs;
to utter sarcatic or severe reflections; to contend in petty
dispute; <as>as, to <ex>squib</ex> a little debate</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Squid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Squirt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of ten-armed cephalopods having
a long, tapered body, and a caudal fin on each side; especially,
any species of <spn>Loligo</spn>, <spn>Ommastrephes</spn>, and
related genera. See <er>Calamary</er>, <er>Decacerata</er>,
<er>Dibranchiata</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ Some of these squids are very abundant on the
Atlantic coast of North America, and are used in large quantities
for bait, especially in the cod fishery. The most abundant of the
American squids are the northern squid (<spn>Ommastrephes
illecebrosus</spn>), ranging from Southern New England to
Newfoundland, and the southern squid (<spn>Loligo Pealii</spn>),
ranging from Virginia to Massachusetts.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fishhook with a piece of bright lead, bone, or
other substance, fastened on its shank to imitate a squid.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Flying squid</col>, <col>Giant squid</col></mcol>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Flying</er>, and
<er>Giant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Squid hound</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the striped bass.</cd></cs>
<hw>Squier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A square. See
1st <er>Squire</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Not the worst of the three but jumps twelve foot and a half by
the <qex>squier</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Squi"er*ie</hw>, <hw>Squi"er*y</hw> }</mhw>,
<pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>escuiere</ets>. See
<er>Esquire</er>.]</ety> <def>A company of squires; the whole
body of squires.</def>
<note><hand/ This word is found in Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, but is not
in the modern editions.</note>
<hw>Squig"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov.
E. <ets>swiggle</ets> to drink greedily, to shake liquor in a
close vessel, and E. <ets>sqig</ets>.]</ety> <def>To shake and
wash a fluid about in the mouth with the lips closed.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Forby.</au>
<hw>Squig"gle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Squirm</er>,
<er>Wiggle</er>.]</ety> <def>To move about like an eel; to
squirm.</def> <mark>[Low, U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<-- p. 1398 -->
<hw>Squil"gee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Formerly, a
small swab for drying a vessel's deck; now, a kind of scraper
having a blade or edge of rubber or of leather, -- used for
removing superfluous, water or other liquids, as from a vessel's
deck after washing, from window panes, photographer's plates,
etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>squillgee</asp>,
<asp>squillagee</asp>, <asp>squeegee.</asp>]</altsp>
<hw>Squill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>squille</ets> (also <ets>scille</ets> a squill, in sense 1),
L. <ets>squilla</ets>, <ets>scilla</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European
bulbous liliaceous plant (<spn>Urginea, <plain>formerly</plain>
Scilla, maritima</spn>), of acrid, expectorant, diuretic, and
emetic properties used in medicine. Called also <altname>sea
onion</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any bulbous plant of the
genus <spn>Scilla</spn>; <as>as, the bluebell <ex>squill</ex>
(<spn>S. mutans</spn>).</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
squilla.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mantis.</def>
<hw>\'d8Squil"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Squillas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Squill\'91</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a sea onion, also, a prawn or
shrimp. See <er>Squill</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous stomapod crustaceans of the genus
<er>Squilla</er> and allied genera. They make burrows in mud or
beneath stones on the seashore. Called also <altname>mantis
shrimp</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Stomapoda</er>.</def>
<hw>Squill*it"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to squills.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Squillitic</xex> vinegar.\'b8
<au>Holland.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Squin"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Squin"an*cy</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>esquinancie</ets>, OF. <ets>squinance</ets>,
<ets>esquinance</ets>. See <er>Quinsy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The quinsy. See <er>Quinsy</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A European perennial herb
(<spn>Asperula cynanchica</spn>) with narrowly linear whorled
leaves; -- formerly thought to cure the quinsy. Also called
<altname>quincewort</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>Squinancy berries</col>, <cd>black currants; -- so
called because used to cure the quinsy.</cd> <au>Dr.
Prior.</au></cs>
<hw>Squinch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted fr.
<ets>sconce</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small arch
thrown across the corner of a square room to support a
superimposed mass, as where an octagonal spire or drum rests upon
a square tower; -- called also <altname>sconce</altname>, and
<altname>sconcheon</altname>.</def>
<hw>Squin"sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Quinsy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Squint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>schuinte</ets> a slope, <ets>schuin</ets>,
<ets>schuinisch</ets>, sloping, oblique, <ets>schuins</ets>
slopingly. Cf. <er>Askant</er>, <er>Askance</er>,
<er>Asquint</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Looking obliquely.
Specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>, not having the optic axes
coincident; -- said of the eyes. See <er>Squint</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Looking askance.</def>
\'bd<xex>Squint</xex> suspicion.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Squint</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Squinted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Squinting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To see or look
obliquely, asquint, or awry, or with a furtive glance.</def>
<q>Some can <qex>squint</qex> when they will.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To have the axes of the eyes
not coincident; -- to be cross-eyed.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deviate from a true line; to run
obliquely.</def>
<hw>Squint</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To turn to an
oblique position; to direct obliquely; <as>as, to <ex>squint</ex>
an eye</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to look with noncoincident optic
axes.</def>
<q>He . . . <qex>squints</qex> the eye, and makes the
harelid.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Squint</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or habit
of squinting.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A want of coincidence of the
axes of the eyes; strabismus.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Hagioscope</er>.</def>
<hw>Squint"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
squints.</def>
<hw>Squint"-eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An eye
that squints.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Squint"-eyed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having eyes that quint; having eyes with axes not
coincident; cross-eyed.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Looking obliquely, or asquint; malignant;
<as>as, <ex>squint-eyed</ex> praise; <ex>squint-eyed</ex>
jealousy</as>.</def>
<hw>Squint`i*fe"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Squinting.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>
<hw>Squint"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from
<er>Squint</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def> --
<wordforms><wf>Squint"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Squin"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
squint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Squin"zey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Quinsy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Souir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To throw with
a jerk; to throw edge foremost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>squirr</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Squir"al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Squirarchy</er>.</def>
<q>That such weight and influence be put thereby into the hands
of the <qex>squiralty</qex> of my kingdom.</q>
<qau>Sterne.</qau>
<hw>Squir"arch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Squire</ets> + <ets>-arch</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who
belongs to the squirarchy.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Squir"arch*al</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Squir"arch*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Squire</ets> + <ets>-archy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
gentlemen, or gentry, of a country, collectively.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>squirearchy</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Squire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>esquierre</ets>, F. <ets>\'82querre</ets>. See
<er>Square</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A square; a measure; a
rule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWith golden
<xex>squire</xex>.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Squire</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Aphetic form of
<ets>esquire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A shield-bearer or
armor-bearer who attended a knight.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A title of dignity next in degree below
<xex>knight</xex>, and above <xex>gentleman</xex>. See
<er>Esquire</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> \'bdHis privy knights
and <xex>squires</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A male attendant on a great personage; also
(<mark>Colloq.</mark>), a devoted attendant or follower of a
lady; a beau.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A title of office and courtesy. See under
<er>Esquire</er>.</def>
<hw>Squire</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>squired</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>squiring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
attend as a squire.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To attend as a beau, or gallant, for aid and
protection; <as>as, to <ex>squire</ex> a lady</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Goldsmith.</au>
<hw>Squir*een"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is
half squire and half farmer; -- used humorously.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<au>C. Kingsley.</au>
<hw>Squire"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The rank or
state of a squire; squireship.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>squire"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A petty
squire.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Squire"ly</hw>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <def>Becoming a squire;
like a squire.</def>
<hw>squire"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Squirehood.</def>
<hw>Squirm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Squirmed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Squirming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Swarm</er> to
climb a tree.]</ety> <def>To twist about briskly with
contor<?/ions like an eel or a worm; to wriggle; to writhe.</def>
<hw>Squirr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Squir</er>.</def>
<hw>Squir"rel</hw> <pr>(? <or/ ?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[OE. <ets>squirel</ets>, OF. <ets>esquirel</ets>,
<ets>escurel</ets>, F. <ets>\'82cureuil</ets>, LL.
<ets>squirelus</ets>, <ets>squirolus</ets>, <ets>scuriolus</ets>,
dim. of L. <ets>sciurus</ets>, Gr. <grk>si`oyros</grk>;
<grk>skia`</grk> shade + <grk>o'yra`</grk> tail. Cf.
<er>Shine</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small
rodents belonging to the genus <spn>Sciurus</spn> and several
allied genera of the famly <spn>Sciurid\'91</spn>. Squirrels
generally have a bushy tail, large erect ears, and strong hind
legs. They are commonly arboreal in their habits, but many
species live in burrows.</def>
<note><hand/ Among the common North American squirrels are the
gray squirrel (<spn>Scirius Carolinensis</spn>) and its black
variety; the fox, or cat, sqirrel (<spn>S. cinereus</spn>, or
<spn>S. niger</spn>) which is a large species, and variable in
color, the southern variety being frequently black, while the
northern and western varieties are usually gray or rusty brown;
the red squirrel (see <er>Chickaree</er>); the striped, or
chipping, squirrel (see <er>Chipmunk</er>); and the California
gray squirrel (<spn>S. fossor</spn>). Several other species
inhabit Mexico and Central America. The common European species
(<spn>Sciurus vulgaris</spn>) has a long tuft of hair on each
ear. the so-called Australian <xex>squirrels</xex> are
marsupials. See <er>Petaurist</er>, and
<er>Phalanger</er>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the small rollers of a carding machine
which work with the large cylinder.</def>
<cs><col>Barking squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
prairie dog.</cd> -- <col>Federation squirrel</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the striped gopher. See
<er>Gopher</er>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Flying squirrel</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Flying squirrel</er>, in the
Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Java squirrel</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Jelerang</er>.</cd> --
<col>Squirrel corn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a North American
herb (<spn>Dicantra Canadensis</spn>) bearing little yellow
tubers.</cd> -- <col>Squirrel cup</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>the blossom of the <spn>Hepatica triloba</spn>, a low
perennial herb with cup-shaped flowers varying from purplish blue
to pink or even white. It is one of the earliest flowers of
spring.</cd> -- <col>Squirrel fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A sea bass (<spn>Serranus fascicularis</spn>) of
the Southern United States</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The sailor's
choice (<spn>Diplodus rhomboides</spn>)</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<cd>The redmouth, or grunt</cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>A market fish
of Bermuda (<spn>Holocentrum Ascensione</spn>).</cd> --
<col>Squirrel grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a pestiferous
grass (<spn>Hordeum murinum</spn>) related to barley. In
California the stiffly awned spiklets work into the wool of
sheep, and into the throat, flesh, and eyes of animals, sometimes
even producing death.</cd> -- <col>Squirrel hake</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common American hake (<spn>Phycis
tenuis</spn>); -- called also <altname>white hake</altname>.</cd>
-- <col>Squirrel hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any
rough-legged hawk; especially, the California species
<spn>Archibuteo ferrugineus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Squirrel
monkey</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any one of
several species of small, soft-haired South American monkeys of
the genus <spn>Calithrix</spn>. They are noted for their graceful
form and agility. See <er>Teetee</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A
marmoset.</cd> -- <col>Squirrel petaurus</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a flying phalanger of Australia. See
<er>Phalanger</er>, <er>Petaurist</er>, and <cref>Flying
phalanger</cref> under <er>Flying</er>.</cd> -- <col>Squirrel
shrew</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species
of East Indian and Asiatic insectivores of the genus
<spn>Tupaia</spn>. They are allied to the shrews, but have a
bushy tail, like that of a squirrel.</cd> -- <col>Squirrel-tail
grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a grass (<spn>Hordeum
jubatum</spn>) found in salt marshes and along the Great Lakes,
having a dense spike beset with long awns.</cd></cs>
<hw>Squirt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Squirted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Squirting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LG.
<ets>swirtjen</ets> to squirt, OSw. <ets>sqv\'84tta</ets>, E.
<ets>squander</ets>.]</ety> <def>To drive or eject in a stream
out of a narrow pipe or orifice; <as>as, to <ex>squirt</ex>
water</as>.</def>
<q>The hard-featured miscreant coolly rolled his tobacco in his
cheek, and <qex>squirted</qex> the juice into the fire grate.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<cs><col>Squirting cucumber</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Ecballium</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Squirt</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be thrown
out, or ejected, in a rapid stream, from a narrow orifice; --
said of liquids.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to throw out or utter words rapidly; to
prate.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<hw>Squirt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument out
of which a liquid is ejected in a small stream with force.</def>
<au>Young.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small, quick stream; a jet.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Squirt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, squirts.</def>
<hw>Squir"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Squiery</er>.]</ety> <def>The body of squires, collectively
considered; squirarchy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The flower of chivalry and <qex>squiry</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ld. Berbers.</qau>
<hw>Squitch" grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Quitch grass.</def>
<hw>Squi*tee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the N.
American Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
squeteague; -- called also <altname>squit</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stabbed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stabbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OD. <ets>staven</ets>
to fix, fasten, fr. <ets>stave</ets>, <ets>staff</ets>, a staff,
rod; akin to G. <ets>stab</ets> a staff, stick, E.
<ets>staff</ets>; also Gael. <ets>stob</ets> to stab, as n., a
stake, a stub. Cf. <er>Staff</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
pierce with a pointed weapon; to wound or kill by the thrust of a
pointed instrument; <as>as, to <ex>stab</ex> a man with a
dagger</as>; also, to thrust; <as>as, to <ex>stab</ex> a dagger
into a person</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To injure secretly or by malicious
falsehood or slander; <as>as, to <ex>stab</ex> a person's
reputation</as>.</def>
<hw>Stab</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give a wound
with a pointed weapon; to pierce; to thrust with a pointed
weapon.</def>
<q>None shall dare
With shortened sword to <qex>stab</qex> in closer war.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wound or pain, as if with a pointed
weapon.</def>
<q>She speaks poniards, and every word <qex>stabs</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>To stab at</col>, <cd>to offer or threaten to stab; to
thrust a pointed weapon at.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stab</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The thrust of a
pointed weapon.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wound with a sharp-pointed weapon; <as>as, to
fall by the <ex>stab</ex> an assassin</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: An injury inflicted covertly or suddenly;
<as>as, a <ex>stab</ex> given to character</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sta"bat Ma"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L., the mother
was standing.]</ety> <def>A celebrated Latin hymn, beginning with
these words, commemorating the sorrows of the mother of our Lord
at the foot of the cross. It is read in the Mass of the Sorrows
of the Virgin Mary, and is sung by Catholics when making \'bdthe
way of the cross\'b8 (<xex>Via Crucis</xex>). See
<er>Station</er>, 7 <sd>(c)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Stab"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, stabs; a privy murderer.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small marline spike; a
pricker.</def>
<hw>Stab"bing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By
stabbing; with intent to injure covertly.</def>
<au>Bp. Parker.</au>
<hw>Sta*bil"i*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stabilimentum</ets>, fr.<ets>stabilire</ets> to make firm ir
stable, fr. <ets>stabilis</ets>. See <er>Stable</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The act of making firm; firm support;
establishment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Jer. taylor.</au>
<q>They serve for <qex>stabiliment</qex>, propagation, and
shade.</q>
<qau>Derham.</qau>
<hw>Sta*bil"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>stabilitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>stabilitare</ets> to make
stable.]</ety> <def>To make stable; to establish.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Sta*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stabilitas</ets>; cf. F. <ets>stabilit\'82</ets>. See
<er>Stable</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state
or quality of being stable, or firm; steadiness; firmness;
strength to stand without being moved or overthrown; <as>as, the
<ex>stability</ex> of a structure; the <ex>stability</ex> of a
throne or a constitution.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Steadiness or firmness of character, firmness of
resolution or purpose; the quality opposite to
<ant>fickleness</ant>, <ant>irresolution</ant>, or
<ant>inconstancy</ant>; constancy; steadfastness; <as>as, a man
of little <ex>stability</ex>, or of unusual
<ex>stability</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fixedness; -- as opposed to
<ant>fluidity</ant>.</def>
<q>Since fluidness and <qex>stability</qex> are contary
qualities.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Steadiness; stableness; constancy; immovability;
firmness.</syn>
<hw>Sta"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>estable</ets>, F. <ets>stable</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>stabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See
<er>Stand</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> and cf.
<er>Establish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Firmly established;
not easily moved, shaken, or overthrown; fixed; <as>as, a
<ex>stable</ex> government</as>.</def>
<q>In this region of chance, . . . where nothing is
<qex>stable</qex>.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Steady in purpose; constant; firm in resolution;
not easily diverted from a purpose; not fickle or wavering;
<as>as, a man of <ex>stable</ex> character</as>.</def>
<q>And to her husband ever meek and <qex>stable</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Durable; not subject to overthrow or change;
firm; <as>as, a <ex>stable</ex> foundation; a <ex>stable</ex>
position.</as></def>
<cs><col>Stable equibrium</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the kind
of equilibrium of a body so placed that if disturbed it returns
to its former position, as in the case when the center of gravity
is below the point or axis of support; -- opposed to
<xex>unstable equilibrium<xex>, in which the body if disturbed
does not tend to return to its former position, but to move
farther away from it, as in the case of a body supported at a
point below the center of gravity. Cf. <xex>Neutral
equilibrium<xex>, under <er>Neutral</er>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Fixed; steady; constant; abiding; strong; durable;
firm.</syn>
<hw>Sta"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fix; to
establish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sta"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>estable</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82table</ets>, from L. <ets>stabulum</ets>, fr.
<ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>]</ety> <def>A house, shed, or building, for beasts to
lodge and feed in; esp., a building or apartment with stalls, for
horses; <as>as, a horse <ex>stable</ex>; a cow
<ex>stable</ex>.</as></def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<cs><col>Stable fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common
dipterous fly (<spn>Stomoxys calcitrans</spn>) which is abundant
about stables and often enters dwellings, especially in autumn.
These files, unlike the common house files, which they resemble,
bite severely, and are troublesome to horses and
cattle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sta"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stabled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stabling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To put
or keep in a stable.</def>
<hw>Sta"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To dwell or lodge in a
stable; to dwell in an inclosed place; to kennel.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sta"ble*boy`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sta"ble*man</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boy or man who attends
in a stable; a groom; a hostler.</def>
<hw>Sta"ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being stable, or firmly established; stability.</def>
<hw>Sta"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stable
keeper.</def>
<au>De Foe.</au>
<hw>Sta"ble stand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld>
<def>The position of a man who is found at his standing in the
forest, with a crossbow or a longbow bent, ready to shoot at a
deer, or close by a tree with greyhounds in a leash ready to
slip; -- one of the four presumptions that a man intends stealing
the king's deer.</def>
<au>Wharton.</au>
<hw>Sta"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act or practice of keeping horses and cattle in a
stable.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A building, shed, or room for horses and
cattle.</def>
<hw>Stab"lish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Aphetic
form of <ets>establish</ets>.]</ety> <def>To settle permanently
in a state; to make firm; to establish; to fix.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>2 Sam. vii. 13.</au>
<hw>Stab"lish*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Establishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sta"bly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a stable
manner; firmly; fixedly; steadily; <as>as, a government
<ex>stably</ex> settled</as>.</def>
<hw>Stab`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stabulatio</ets>, fr. <ets>stabulari</ets> to stable cattle,
fr. <ets>stabulum</ets>. See <er>Stable</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of stabling or
housing beasts.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place for lodging beasts; a stable.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Stac*ca"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.,
p.p. of <ets>staccere</ets>, equivalent to <ets>distaccare</ets>.
See <er>Detach</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<def>Disconnected; separated; distinct; -- a direction to perform
the notes of a passage in a short, distinct, and pointed manner.
It is opposed to <xex>legato</xex>, and often indicated by heavy
accents written over or under the notes, or by dots when the
performance is to be less distinct and emphatic.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expressed in a brief, pointed manner.</def>
<q><qex>Staccato</qex> and peremptory [literary criticism].</q>
<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>
<hw>Stack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>stakkr</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>stack</ets>, Dan.
<ets>stak</ets>. Sf. <er>Stake</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
large pile of hay, grain, straw, or the like, usually of a nearly
conical form, but sometimes rectangular or oblong, contracted at
the top to a point or ridge, and sometimes covered with
thatch.</def>
<q>But corn was housed, and beans were in the
<qex>stack</qex>.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pile of poles or wood, indefinite in
quantity.</def>
<q>Against every pillar was a <qex>stack</qex> of billets above a
man's height.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pile of wood containing 108 cubic feet.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A number of
flues embodied in one structure, rising above the roof.
Hence:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any single insulated and prominent
structure, or upright pipe, which affords a conduit for smoke;
<as>as, the brick smoke<ex>stack</ex> of a factory; the
smoke<ex>stack</ex> of a steam vessel</as>.</def>
<-- <fld>(Computer programming)</fld> (a) <def>A section of
memory in a computer used for temporary storage of data, in which
the last datum stored is the first retrieved</def>. (b) <def>A
data structure within random-access memory used to simulate a
hardware stack, as, a push-down <ex>stack</ex></def>. -->
<cs><col>Stack of arms</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a number of
muskets or rifles set up together, with the bayonets crossing one
another, forming a sort of conical self-supporting
pile.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stack</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stacked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sw.
<ets>stacka</ets>, Dan. <ets>stakke</ets>. See <er>Stack</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To lay in a conical or other pile; to
make into a large pile; <as>as, to <ex>stack</ex> hay,
cornstalks, or grain; to <ex>stack</ex> or place wood.</as></def>
<cs><col>To stack arms</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to set up a
number of muskets or rifles together, with the bayonets crossing
one another, and forming a sort of conical pile.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1399 -->
<hw>Stack"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Hay, gray, or the like, in stacks; things stacked.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tax on things stacked.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Stack"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>estacade</ets> and E. <ets>stockade</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A stockade.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Stack"-guard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
covering or protection, as a canvas, for a stack.</def>
<hw>Stack"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Stack</er>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Stacking band</col>, <col>Stacking
belt</col></mcol>, <cd>a band or rope used in binding thatch or
straw upon a stack.</cd> -- <col>Stacking stage</col>, <cd>a
stage used in building stacks.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stack"stand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A staging
for supporting a stack of hay or grain; a rickstand.</def>
<hw>Stack"yard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A yard or
inclosure for stacks of hay or grain.</def>
<au>A. Smith.</au>
<hw>Stac"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.
<?/, strictly fem. of <?/ cozing out in drops, fr. <?/ to
drop.]</ety> <def>One of the sweet spices used by the ancient
Jews in the preparation of incense. It was perhaps an oil or
other form of myrrh or cinnamon, or a kind of storax.</def>
<au>Ex. xxx. 34.</au>
<hw>Stad"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sta\'ebol</ets>, <ets>sra\'ebul</ets>, a foundation, firm
seat; akin to E. <ets>stand</ets>. \'fb163. See <er>Stand</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written
<asp>stadle</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything which
serves for support; a staff; a prop; a crutch; a cane.</def>
<q>His weak steps governing
And aged limbs on cypress <qex>stadle</qex> stout.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The frame of a stack of hay or grain.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A row of dried or drying hay, etc.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A small tree of any kind, especially a forest
tree.</def>
<note><hand/ In America, trees are called <xex>staddles</xex>
from the time that they are three or four years old till they are
six or eight inches in diameter, or more. This is also the sense
in which the word is used by Bacon and Tusser.</note>
<hw>Stad"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To leave the
staddles, or saplings, of, as a wood when it is cut.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Tusser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form into staddles, as hay.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>stade</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stadium.</def>
<au>Donne.</au>
<hw>Stade</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>gestade</ets>
shore.]</ety> <def>A landing place or wharf.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Sta*dim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stadium</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
horizontal graduated bar mounted on a staff, used as a stadium,
or telemeter, for measuring distances.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sta"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stadia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a stadium (in
sense 1), from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A Greek measure
of length, being the chief one used for itinerary distances, also
adopted by the Romans for nautical and astronomical measurements.
It was equal to 600 Greek or 625 Roman feet, or 125 Roman paces,
or to 606 feet 9 inches English. This was also called the
<altname>Olympic stadium</altname>, as being the exact length of
the foot-race course at Olympia.</def>
<au>Dr. W. Smith.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a race course; especially, the Olympic
course for foot races.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of telemeter for measuring the distance
of an object of known dimensions, by observing the angle it
subtends; especially <fld>(Surveying)</fld>, a graduated rod used
to measure the distance of the place where it stands from an
instrument having a telescope, by observing the number of the
graduations of the rod that are seen between certain parallel
wires (<xex>stadia wires</xex>) in the field of view of the
telescope; -- also called <altname>stadia</altname>, and
<altname>stadia rod</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stadt"hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>stadhouder</ets>; <ets>stad</ets> a city, a town +
<ets>houder</ets> a holder.]</ety> <def>Formerly, the chief
magistrate of the United Provinces of Holland; also, the governor
or lieutenant governor of a province.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stadt"hold`er*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Stadt"hold`er*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The office or position of a stadtholder.</def>
<hw>Sta*fette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>stafette</ets>. See <er>Estafet</er>.]</ety> <def>An
estafet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>arlyle.</au>
<hw>Staff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Staves</plw> <pr>(<?/ <or/ <?/; 277)</pr> or
<plw>Staffs</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> in senses 1-9, <plw>Staffs</plw>
in senses 10, 11.</plu> <ety>[AS. <ets>st\'91f</ets> a staff;
akin to LG. & D. <ets>staf</ets>, OFries <ets>stef</ets>, G.
<ets>stab</ets>, Icel. <ets>stafr</ets>, Sw. <ets>staf</ets>,
Dan. <ets>stav</ets>, Goth. <ets>stabs</ets> element, rudiment,
Skr. <ets>sth\'bepay</ets> to cause to stand, to place. See
<er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>Stab</er>, <er>Stave</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long piece of wood; a
stick; the long handle of an instrument or weapon; a pole or
srick, used for many purposes; <as>as, a surveyor's
<ex>staff</ex>; the <ex>staff</ex> of a spear or pike.</as></def>
<q>And he put the <qex>staves</qex> into the rings on the sides
of the altar to bear it withal.</q>
<qau>Ex. xxxviii. 7.</qau>
<q>With forks and <qex>staves</qex> the felon to pursue.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stick carried in the hand for support or
defense by a person walking; hence, a support; that which props
or upholds.</def> \'bdHooked <xex>staves</xex>.\'b8
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<q>The boy was the very <qex>staff</qex> of my age.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>He spoke of it [beer] in \'bdThe Earnest Cry,\'b8 and likewise
in the \'bdScotch Drink,\'b8 as one of the <qex>staffs</qex> of
life which had been struck from the poor man's hand.</q>
<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pole, stick, or wand borne as an ensign of
authority; a badge of office; <as>as, a constable's
<ex>staff</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Methought this <qex>staff</qex>, mine office badge in court,
Was broke in twain.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>All his officers brake their <qex>staves</qex>; but at their
return new <qex>staves</qex> were delivered unto them.</q>
<qau>Hayward.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A pole upon which a flag is supported and
displayed.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The round of a ladder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>I ascend at one [ladder] of six hundred and thirty-nine
<qex>staves</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dr. J. Campbell (E. Brown's Travels).</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A series of verses so disposed that, when it is
concluded, the same order begins again; a stanza; a stave.</def>
<q>Cowley found out that no kind of <qex>staff</qex> is proper
for an heroic poem, as being all too lyrical.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The five lines and the spaces
on which music is written; -- formerly called
<xex>stave</xex>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>An arbor, as of a wheel or a
pinion of a watch.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The grooved director for the
gorget, or knife, used in cutting for stone in the bladder.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <ety>[From <er>Staff</er>, 3, a badge of
office.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An establishment of
officers in various departments attached to an army, to a section
of an army, or to the commander of an army. The general's staff
consists of those officers about his person who are employed in
carrying his commands into execution. See <er>\'90tat
Major</er>.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>Hence: A body of assistants serving to carry
into effect the plans of a superintendant or manager; <as>as, the
<ex>staff</ex> of a newspaper</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Jacob's staff</col> <fld>(Surv.)</fld>, <cd>a single
straight rod or staff, pointed and iron-shod at the bottom, for
penetrating the ground, and having a socket joint at the top,
used, instead of a tripod, for supporting a compass.</cd> --
<col>Staff angle</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a square rod of
wood standing flush with the wall on each of its sides, at the
external angles of plastering, to prevent their being
damaged.</cd> -- <col>The staff of life</col>, <cd>bread.</cd>
\'bdBread is <xex>the staff of life<xex>.\'b8 <au>Swift.</au> --
<col>Staff tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant of the
genus <spn>Celastrus</spn>, mostly climbing shrubs of the
northern hemisphere.</cd> The American species (<spn>C.
scandens</spn>) is commonly called <stype>bittersweet</stype>.
See 2d <er>Bittersweet</er>, 3 <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd> --
<mcol><col>To set</col>, <or/ <col>To put</col>, <col>up, <or/
down</col>, <col>one's staff</col></mcol>, <cd>to take up one's
residence; to lodge.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Staf"fi*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An attendant
bearing a staff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Staffiers</xex> on foot.\'b8
<au>Hudibras.</au>
<hw>Staff"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stiff;
harsh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ascham.</au>
<hw>Staff"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Staffmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A workman employed
in silk throwing.</def>
<hw>Stag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>steggr</ets> the male of several animals; or a doubtful AS.
<ets>stagga</ets>. Cf. <er>Steg</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The adult male of the red
deer (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), a large European species
closely related to the American elk, or wapiti.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The male of certain other species of large
deer.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A colt, or filly; also, a romping girl.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A castrated bull; -- called also <altname>bull
stag</altname>, and <altname>bull seg</altname>. See the Note
under <er>Ox</er>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An
outside irregular dealer in stocks, who is not a member of the
exchange.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who
applies for the allotment of shares in new projects, with a view
to sell immediately at a premium, and not to hold the
stock.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European wren.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<cs><col>Stag beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
numerous species of lamellicorn beetles belonging to
<spn>Lucanus</spn> and allied genera, especially <spn>L.
cervus</spn> of Europe and <spn>L. dama</spn> of the United
States. The mandibles are large and branched, or forked, whence
the name. The lava feeds on the rotten wood of dead trees. Called
also <altname>horned bug</altname>, and <altname>horse
beetle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Stag dance</col>, a dance by men
only. <mark>[slang, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Stag hog</col></mcol>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the babiroussa.</cd> -- <col>Stag-horn
coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species
of large branching corals of the genus <spn>Madrepora</spn>,
which somewhat resemble the antlers of the stag, especially
<spn>Madrepora cervicornis</spn>, and <spn>M. palmata</spn>, of
Florida and the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Stag-horn fern</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian and West African fern
(<spn>Platycerium alcicorne</spn>) having the large fronds
branched like a stag's horns; also, any species of the same
genus.</cd> -- <col>Stag-horn sumac</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a common American shrub (<spn>Rhus typhina</spn>) having
densely velvety branchlets. See <er>Sumac</er>.</cd> -- <col>Stag
party</col>, <cd>a party consisting of men only.</cd>
<mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Stag tick</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a parasitic dipterous insect of the
family <spn>Hippoboscid\'91</spn>, which lives upon the stag and
in usually wingless. The same species lives also upon the
European grouse, but in that case has wings.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stag</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To act as
a \'bdstag\'b8, or irregular dealer in stocks.</def>
<mark>[Cant]</mark>
<hw>Stag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To watch; to dog, or keep
track of.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. or Slang]</mark>
<au>H. Kingsley.</au>
<hw>Stage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estage</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tage</ets>, (assumed) LL.
<ets>staticum</ets>, from L. <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See
<er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>Static</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A floor or story of a house.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An elevated platform on which an orator may
speak, a play be performed, an exhibition be presented, or the
like.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A floor elevated for the convenience of
mechanical work, or the like; a scaffold; a staging.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A platform, often floating, serving as a kind of
wharf.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The floor for scenic performances; hence, the
theater; the playhouse; hence, also, the profession of
representing dramatic compositions; the drama, as acted or
exhibited.</def>
<-- stars of stage and screen -->
<q>Knights, squires, and steeds, must enter on the
<qex>stage</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>Lo! Where the <qex>stage</qex>, the poor, degraded
<qex>stage</qex>,
Holds its warped mirror to a gaping age.</q>
<qau>C. Sprague.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A place where anything is publicly exhibited;
the scene of any noted action or carrer; the spot where any
remarkable affair occurs.</def>
<q>When we are born, we cry that we are come
To this <qex>stage</qex> of fools.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Music and ethereal mirth
Wherewith the <qex>stage</qex> of air and earth did ring.</q>
<qau>Miton.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>The platform of a microscope, upon which an
object is placed to be viewed. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Microscope</er>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>A place of rest on a regularly traveled road; a
stage house; a station; a place appointed for a relay of
horses.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>A degree of advancement in a journey; one of
several portions into which a road or course is marked off; the
distance between two places of rest on a road; <as>as, a
<ex>stage</ex> of ten miles</as>.</def>
<q>A <qex>stage</qex> . . . signifies a certain distance on a
road.</q>
<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>
<q>He traveled by gig, with his wife, his favorite horse
performing the journey by easy <qex>stages</qex>.</q>
<qau>Smiles.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>A degree of advancement in any pursuit, or of
progress toward an end or result.</def>
<q>Such a polity is suited only to a particular <qex>stage</qex>
in the progress of society.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>A large vehicle running from station to station
for the accomodation of the public; a stagecoach; an
omnibus.</def> \'bdA parcel sent you by the <xex>stage</xex>.\'b8
<au>Cowper.</au>
<q>I went in the sixpenny <qex>stage</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of several marked phases
or periods in the development and growth of many animals and
plants; <as>as, the larval <ex>stage</ex>; pupa <ex>stage</ex>;
z\'d2a <ex>stage</ex>.</as></def>
<cs><col>Stage box</col>, <cd>a box close to the stage in a
theater.</cd> -- <col>Stage carriage</col>, <cd>a
stagecoach.</cd> -- <col>Stage door</col>, <cd>the actor's and
workmen's entrance to a theater.</cd> -- <col>Stage lights</col>,
<cd>the lights by which the stage in a theater is
illuminated.</cd> -- <col>Stage micrometer</col>, <cd>a graduated
device applied to the stage of a microscope for measuring the
size of an object.</cd> -- <col>Stage wagon</col>, <cd>a wagon
which runs between two places for conveying passengers or
goods.</cd> -- <col>Stage whisper</col>, <cd>a loud whisper, as
by an actor in a theater, supposed, for dramatic effect, to be
unheard by one or more of his fellow actors, yet audible to the
audience; an aside.</cd></cs>
<-- <col>stage of the game</col>, [Colloq.] stage n. 10. -->
<hw>Stage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To exhibit
upon a stage, or as upon a stage; to display publicly.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stage"coach`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A coach
that runs regularly from one stage, station, or place to another,
for the conveyance of passengers.</def>
<hw>Stage"coach`man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stagecoachmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who
drives a stagecoach.</def>
<hw>Stage"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house
where a stage regularly stops for passengers or a relay of
horses.</def>
<hw>Stage"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to a stage;
becoming the theater; theatrical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Stage"play`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dramatic
or theatrical entertainment.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Stage"play`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An actor
on the stage; one whose occupation is to represent characters on
the stage; <as>as, Garrick was a celebrated
<ex>stageplayer</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sta"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
player.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who has long acted on the stage of life; a
practitioner; a person of experience, or of skill derived from
long experience.</def> \'bdYou will find most of the old
<xex>stagers</xex> still stationary there.\'b8
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A horse used in drawing a stage.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Sta"ger*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Exhibition on
the stage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stage"-struck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Fascinated by the stage; seized by a passionate desire to
become an actor.</def>
<hw>Stag"-e`vil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A kind of palsy affecting the jaw of a
horse.</def>
<au>Crabb.</au>
<hw>Stag"gard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Stag</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male red
deer when four years old.</def>
<hw>Stag"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Staggered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Staggering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stakeren</ets>,
Icel. <ets>stakra</ets> to push, to stagger, fr. <ets>staka</ets>
to punt, push, stagger; cf. OD. <ets>staggeren</ets> to stagger.
Cf. <er>Stake</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move
to one side and the other, as if about to fall, in standing or
walking; not to stand or walk with steadiness; to sway; to reel
or totter.</def>
<q>Deep was the wound; he <qex>staggered</qex> with the blow.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cease to stand firm; to begin to give way; to
fail.</def> \'bdThe enemy <xex>staggers</xex>.\'b8
<au>Addison.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To begin to doubt and waver in purposes; to
become less confident or determined; to hesitate.</def>
<q>He [Abraham] <qex>staggered</qex> not at the promise of God
through unbelief.</q>
<qau>Rom. iv. 20.</qau>
<hw>Stag"ger</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
reel or totter.</def>
<q>That hand shall burn in never-quenching fire
That <qex>staggers</qex> thus my person.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to doubt and waver; to make to
hesitate; to make less steady or confident; to shock.</def>
<q>Whosoever will read the story of this war will find himself
much <qex>stagered</qex>.</q>
<qau>Howell.</qau>
<q>Grants to the house of Russell were so enormous, as not only
to outrage economy, but even to <qex>stagger</qex>
credibility.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To arrange (a series of parts) on each side of a
median line alternately, as the spokes of a wheel or the rivets
of a boiler seam.</def>
<hw>Stag"ger</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An unsteady
movement of the body in walking or standing, as if one were about
to fall; a reeling motion; vertigo; -- often in the plural;
<as>as, the <ex>stagger</ex> of a drunken man</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A disease of
horses and other animals, attended by reeling, unsteady gait or
sudden falling; <as>as, parasitic <ex>staggers</ex>; appopletic
or sleepy <ex>staggers</ex>.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Bewilderment; perplexity.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Stomach staggers</col> <fld>(Far.)</fld>, <cd>distention
of the stomach with food or gas, resulting in indigestion,
frequently in death.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stag"ger*bush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American shrub (<spn>Andromeda
Mariana</spn>) having clusters of nodding white flowers. It grows
in low, sandy places, and is said to poison lambs and
calves.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Stag"ger*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a staggering
manner.</def>
<hw>Stag"ger*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of ragwort (<spn>Senecio
Jacob\'91a</spn>).</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stag"-horn` co"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stag"-horn`
fern`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, etc. }</mhw><def>See under
<er>Stag</er>.</def>
<hw>Stag"-horned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the mandibles large and
palmate, or branched somewhat like the antlers of a stag; -- said
of certain beetles.</def>
<hw>Stag"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and powerful hound formerly
used in hunting the stag, the wolf, and other large animals. The
breed is nearly extinct.</def>
<hw>Sta"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A structure of
posts and boards for supporting workmen, etc., as in
building.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The business of running stagecoaches; also, the
act of journeying in stagecoaches.</def>
<hw>Stag"i*rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native
of, or resident in, <xex>Stagira</xex>, in ancient Macedonia;
especially, Aristotle.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>Stagyrite</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Stag"nan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of
being stagnant.</def>
<hw>Stag"nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stagnans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>stagnare</ets>. See <er>Stagnate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>That stagnates; not flowing; not running in a current or
steam; motionless; hence, impure or foul from want of motion;
<as>as, a <ex>stagnant</ex> lake or pond; <ex>stagnant</ex> blood
in the veins.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not active or brisk; dull; <as>as, business in
<ex>stagnant</ex></as>.</def>
<q>That gloomy slumber of the <qex>stagnant</qex> soul.</q>
<qau>Johnson.</qau>
<q>For him a <qex>stagnant</qex> life was not worth living.</q>
<qau>Palfrey.</qau>
<hw>Stag"nant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a stagnant
manner.</def>
<-- p. 1400 -->
<-- p. 1400 -->
<hw>Stag"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stagnated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stagnating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>stagnatus</ets>,
p.p. of <ets>stagnare</ets> to stagnate, make stagnant, from
<ets>stagnum</ets> a piece of standing water. See <er>Stank</er>
a pool, and cf. <er>Stanch</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cease to flow; to be motionless; <as>as,
blood <ex>stagnates</ex> in the veins of an animal</as>; hence,
to become impure or foul by want of motion; <as>as, air
<ex>stagnates</ex> in a close room</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cease to be brisk or active; to become dull
or inactive; <as>as, commerce <ex>stagnates</ex>; business
<ex>stagnates</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Ready-witted tenderness . . . never <qex>stagnates</qex> in
vain lamentations while there is any room for hope.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Stag"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Stagnant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA
<xex>stagnate</xex> mass of vapors.\'b8
<au>Young.</au>
<hw>Stag*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>stagnation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition of
being stagnant; cessation of flowing or circulation, as of a
fluid; the state of being motionless; <as>as, the
<ex>stagnation</ex> of the blood; the <ex>stagnation</ex> of
water or air; the <ex>stagnation</ex> of vapors</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cessation of action, or of brisk action; the
state of being dull; <as>as, the <ex>stagnation</ex> of
business</as>.</def>
<hw>Stag"worm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larve of any species of botfly
which is parasitic upon the stag, as <spn><OE/strus, or
Hypoderma, act\'91on</spn>, which burrows beneath the skin, and
<spn>Cephalomyia auribarbis</spn>, which lives in the
nostrils.</def>
<hw>Stahl"ian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to, or taught by, <ets>Stahl</ets>, a German physician and
chemist of the 17th century; <as>as, the <ex>Stahlian</ex> theory
of phlogiston</as>.</def>
<hw>Stahl"ian</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A believer in, or advocate
of, Stahlism.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stahl"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stahl"ian*ism</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The Stahlian theoru,
that every vital action is function or operation of the
soul.</def>
<hw>Stail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Stay</er>.</def>
<hw>Staid</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Stay</er> to
stop.]</ety> <def>Sober; grave; steady; sedate; composed;
regular; not wild, volatile, or fanciful.</def> \'bdSober and
<xex>staid</xex> persons.\'b8
<au>Addison.</au>
<q>O'erlaid with black, <qex>staid</qex> Wisdom's hue.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Sober; grave; steady; steadfast; composed; regular;
sedate.</syn>
<hw>Staid"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a staid manner,
sedately.</def>
<hw>Staid"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being staid; seriousness; steadiness; sedateness; regularity; --
the opposite of <xex>wildness</xex>, or <ant>levity</ant>.</def>
<q>If sometimes he appears too gray, yet a secret gracefulness of
youth accompanies his writings, though the <qex>staidness</qex>
and sobriety of age wanting.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Sobriety; gravity; steadiness; regularity;
constancy; firmness; stability; sedateness.</syn>
<hw>Stail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A handle, as of a
mop; a stale.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stained</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Staining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Abbrev. fr.
<ets>distain</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To discolor by the
application of foreign matter; to make foul; to spot; <as>as, to
<ex>stain</ex> the hand with dye; armor <ex>stained</ex> with
blood</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To color, as wood, glass, paper, cloth, or the
like, by processess affecting, chemically or otherwise, the
material itself; to tinge with a color or colors combining with,
or penetrating, the substance; to dye; <as>as, to <ex>stain</ex>
wood with acids, colored washes, paint rubbed in, etc.; to
<ex>stain</ex> glass</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To spot with guilt or infamy; to bring reproach
on; to blot; to soil; to tarnish.</def>
<q>Of honor void,
Of innocence, of faith, of purity,
Our wonted ornaments now soiled and <qex>stained</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to seem inferior or soiled by
comparison.</def>
<q>She <qex>stains</qex> the ripest virgins of her age.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<q>That did all other beasts in beauty <qex>stain</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<cs><col>Stained glass</col>, <cd>glass colored or stained by
certain metallic pigments fused into its substance, -- often used
for making ornament windows.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To paint; dye; blot; soil; sully; discolor;
disgrace; taint.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Paint</er>, <er>Stain</er>,
<er>Dye</er>. These denote three different processes; the first
mechanical, the other two, chiefly chemical. To <xex>paint</xex>
a thing is so spread a coat of coloring matter over it; to
<xex>stain</xex> or <xex>dye</xex> a thing is to impart color to
its substance. To <xex>stain</xex> is said chiefly of solids, as
wood, glass, paper; to <xex>dye</xex>, of fibrous substances,
textile fabrics, etc.; the one, commonly, a simple process, as
applying a wash; the other more complex, as fixing colors by
mordants.</usage>
<hw>Stain</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To give or receive a stain;
to grow dim.</def>
<hw>Stain</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A discoloration by
foreign matter; a spot; <as>as, a <ex>stain</ex> on a garment or
cloth</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A natural spot of a color different from the
gound.</def>
<q>Swift trouts, diversified with crimson <qex>stains</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Taint of guilt; tarnish; disgrace;
reproach.</def>
<q>Nor death itself can wholly wash their <qex>stains</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Our opinion . . . is, I trust, without any blemish or
<qex>stain</qex> of heresy.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Cause of reproach; shame.</def>
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A tincture; a tinge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>You have some <qex>stain</qex> of soldier in you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Blot; spot; taint; pollution; blemish; tarnish;
color; disgrace; infamy; shame.</syn>
<hw>Stain"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who stains or tarnishes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A workman who stains; <as>as, a <ex>stainer</ex>
of wood</as>.</def>
<hw>Stain"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from stain;
immaculate.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The veery care he took to keep his name
<qex>Stainless</qex>, with some was evidence of shame.</q>
<qau>Crabbe.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Blameless; spotless; faultless. See
<er>Blameless</er>.</syn>
<hw>Stain"less*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a stainless
manner.</def>
<hw>Stair</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>steir</ets>, <ets>steyer</ets>, AS. <ets>st<?/ger</ets>,
from <ets><?/igan</ets> to ascend, rise. <root/164. See
<er>Sty</er> to ascend.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One step of a
series for ascending or descending to a different level; --
commonly applied to those within a building.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A series of steps, as for passing from one story
of a house to another; -- commonly used in the plural; but
originally used in the singular only.</def> \'bdI a winding
<xex>stair</xex> found.\'b8
<au>Chaucer's Dream.</au>
<cs><col>Below stairs</col>, <cd>in the basement or lower part of
a house, where the servants are.</cd> -- <col>Flight of
stairs</col>, <cd>the stairs which make the whole ascent of a
story.</cd> -- <col>Pair of stairs</col>, <cd>a set or flight of
stairs. -- <xex>pair<xex>, in this phrase, having its old meaning
of a <xex>set<xex>. See <er>Pair</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</cd> --
<col>Run of stars</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a single set of
stairs, or section of a stairway, from one platform to the
next.</cd> -- <col>Stair rod</col>, <cd>a rod, usually of metal,
for holding a stair carpet to its place.</cd> -- <col>Up
stairs</col>. <cd>See <er>Upstairs</er> in the
Vocabulary.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stair"case`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flight of
stairs with their supporting framework, casing, balusters,
etc.</def>
<q>To make a complete <qex>staircase</qex> is a curious piece of
architecture.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>
<cs><col>Staircase shell</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any scalaria, or wentletrap</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>Any species of Solarium, or perspective shell.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stair"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The head or
top of a staircase.</def>
<hw>Stair"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flight of
stairs or steps; a staircase.</def> \'bdA rude and narrow
<xex>stairway</xex>.\'b8
<au>Moore.</au>
<hw>Staith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>st\'91<?/</ets> a bank, shore, from the root of E.
<ets>stead</ets>.]</ety> <def>A landing place; an elevated
staging upon a wharf for discharging coal, etc., as from railway
cars, into vessels.</def>
<hw>Staith"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A man
employed in weighing and shipping at a staith.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>staca</ets>, from the root of E. <ets>stick</ets>; akin to
OFries. & LG. <ets>stake</ets>, D. <ets>staak</ets>, Sw. stake,
Dan. <ets>stage</ets>. See <er>Stick</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and
cf. <er>Estacade</er>, <er>Stockade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A piece of wood, usually long and slender, pointed at one
end so as to be easily driven into the ground as a support or
stay; <as>as, a <ex>stake</ex> to support vines, fences, hedges,
etc.</as></def>
<q>A sharpened <qex>stake</qex> strong Dryas found.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stick inserted upright in a lop, eye, or
mortise, at the side or end of a cart, a flat car, or the like,
to prevent goods from falling off.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The piece of timber to which a martyr was
affixed to be burned; hence, martyrdom by fire.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A small anvil usually furnished with a tang to
enter a hole in a bench top, -- used by tinsmiths, blacksmiths,
etc., for light work, punching upon, etc.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which is laid down as a wager; that which
is staked or hazarded; a pledge.</def>
<cs><col>At stake</col>, <cd>in danger; hazarded; pledged. \'bdI
see my reputation is <xex>at stake<xex>.\'b8</cd>
<au>Shak.</au></cs>
<hw>Stake</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Staked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Staking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fasten,
support, or defend with stakes; <as>as, to <ex>stake</ex> vines
or plants</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark the limits of by stakes; -- with
<xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>stake</ex> out land; to
<ex>stake</ex> out a new road</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To put at hazard upon the issue of competition,
or upon a future contingency; to wager; to pledge.</def>
<q>I'll <qex>stake</qex> yon lamb, that near the fountain
plays.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To pierce or wound with a stake.</def>
<au>Spectator.</au>
<hw>Stake"-driv`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common American bittern
(<spn>Botaurus lentiginosus</spn>); -- so called because one of
its notes resembles the sound made in driving a stake into the
mud. Called also <altname>meadow hen</altname>, and
<altname>Indian hen</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stake"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Rope
making)</fld> <def>A horizontal bar on a stake, used for
supporting the yarns which are kept apart by pins in the
bar.</def>
<hw>Stake"hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
holder of a stake; one with whom the bets are deposited when a
wager is laid.</def>
<hw>Stak*tom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
falling by drops + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A drop
measurer; a glass tube tapering to a small orifice at the point,
and having a bulb in the middle, used for finding the number of
drops in equal quantities of different liquids. See
<er>Pipette</er>.</def>
<au>Sir D. Brewster.</au>
<hw>Stal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>imp.</pos>
<mord>of <er>Steal</er></mord>. <def>Stole.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sta*lac"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sta*lac"tic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>
<def>Stalactic.</def>
<hw>Sta*lac"to*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a
stalactite; resembling a stalactite.</def>
<hw>Sta*lac"tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stalactites</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ oozing
out in drops, dropping, fr. <?/ to drop: cf. F.
<ets>stalactite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A pendent cone or cylinder of calcium carbonate resembling
an icicle in form and mode of attachment. Stalactites are found
depending from the roof or sides of caverns, and are produced by
deposition from waters which have percolated through, and
partially dissolved, the overlying limestone rocks.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In an extended sense, any mineral or rock of
similar form and origin; <as>as, a <ex>stalactite</ex> of
lava</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stal`ac*ti"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A stalactite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Woodward.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stal`ac*tit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Stal`ac*tit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>stalactitique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to a stalactite; having the form or
characters of a stalactite; stalactic.</def>
<hw>Stal`ac*tit"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having the form of a stalactite; stalactiform.</def>
<hw>Sta*lag"mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
that which drops, a drop, fr. <?/ to drop; cf. F.
<ets>stalagmite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A deposit
more or less resembling an inverted stalactite, formed by
calcareous water dropping on the floors of caverns; hence, a
similar deposit of other material.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stal`ag*mit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Stal`ag*mit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having the form or structure of stalagmites.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Stal`ag*mit"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Stal"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the root
of <ets>stall</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wooden frame to set casks
on.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stale</ets>, <ets>stele</ets>, AS. <ets>st\'91l</ets>,
<ets>stel</ets>; akin to LG. & D. <ets>steel</ets>, G.
<ets>stiel</ets>; cf. L. <ets>stilus</ets> stake, stalk, stem,
Gr. <?/ a handle, and E. <ets>stall</ets>, <ets>stalk</ets>,
n.]</ety> <def>The stock or handle of anything; <as>as, the
<ex>stale</ex> of a rake</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>steal</asp>, <asp>stele</asp>, etc.]</altsp>
<q>But seeling the arrow's <qex>stale</qex> without, and that the
head did go
No further than it might be seen.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<hw>Stale</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Akin to <ets>stale</ets>
urine, and to <ets>stall</ets>, <pos>n.</pos>; <ets>probably from
Low German or Scandinavian</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Stale</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Vapid or tasteless from
age; having lost its life, spirit, and flavor, from being long
kept; <as>as, <ex>stale</ex> beer</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not new; not freshly made; <as>as,
<ex>stele</ex> bread</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having lost the life or graces of youth; worn
out; decayed.</def> \'bdA <xex>stale</xex> virgin.\'b8
<au>Spectator.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Worn out by use or familiarity; having lost its
novelty and power of pleasing; trite; common.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<q>Wit itself, if <qex>stale</qex> is less pleasing.</q>
<qau>Grew.</qau>
<q>How weary, <qex>stale</qex> flat, and unprofitable
Seem to me all the uses of this world!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>Stale affidavit</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an affidavit
held above a year.</cd> <au>Craig.</au> -- <col>Stale
demand</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a claim or demand which has
not been pressed or demanded for a long time.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stale</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Staled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Staling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make vapid or tasteless;
to destroy the life, beauty, or use of; to wear out.</def>
<q>Age can not wither her, nor custom <qex>stale</qex>
Her infinite variety.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Stale</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D. & G.
<ets>stallen</ets>, Dan. <ets>stalle</ets>, Sw.
<ets>stalla</ets>, and E. <ets>stall</ets> a stable. <?/ 163. See
<er>Stall</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Stale</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To make water; to discharge urine; --
said especially of horses and cattle.</def>
<au>Hudibras.</au>
<hw>Stale</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Stale</er>,
<pos>a.</pos> & <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That
which is stale or worn out by long keeping, or by use.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Urine, esp. that of beasts.</def>
\'bd<xex>Stale</xex> of horses.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stale</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>estal</ets>
place, position, abode, market, F. <ets>\'82tal</ets> a butcher's
stall, OHG. <ets>stal</ets> station, place, stable, G.
<ets>stall</ets> (see <er>Stall</er>, <pos>n.</pos>); or from OE.
<ets>stale</ets> theft, AS. <ets>stalu</ets> (see <er>Steal</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>)]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something set, or
offered to view, as an allurement to draw others to any place or
purpose; a decoy; a stool pigeon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Still, as he went, he crafty <qex>stales</qex> did lay.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stalking-horse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>A stalemate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A laughingstock; a dupe.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stale"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a state
stale manner.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of old; long since.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Stale"mate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>The position of the king when he can not
move without being placed on check and there is no other piece
which can be moved.</def>
<hw>Stale"mate`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>To
subject to a stalemate; hence, to bring to a stand.</def>
<hw>Stale"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being stale.</def>
<hw>Stalk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stalke</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>st\'91l</ets>, <ets>stel</ets>, a
stalk. See <er>Stale</er> a handle, <er>Stall</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The stem or main
axis of a plant; <as>as, a <ex>stalk</ex> of wheat, rye, or oats;
the <ex>stalks</ex> of maize or hemp.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The petiole, pedicel, or peduncle, of a plant.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which resembes the stalk of a plant, as the
stem of a quill.</def>
<au>Grew.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament in the Corinthian
capital resembling the stalk of a plant, from which the volutes
and helices spring.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>One of the two upright pieces of a ladder.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To climd by the rungs and the <qex>stalks</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A stem or
peduncle, as of certain barnacles and crinoids.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The narrow basal portion of the abdomen of a
hymenopterous insect.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The peduncle of the
eyes of decapod crustaceans.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>An iron bar with
projections inserted in a core to strengthen it; a core
arbor.</def>
<cs><col>Stalk borer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva
of a noctuid moth (<spn>Gortyna nitela</spn>), which bores in the
stalks of the raspberry, strawberry, tomato, asters, and many
other garden plants, often doing much injury.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1401 -->
<hw>Stalk</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stalked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stalking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>st\'91lcan</ets>, <ets>stealcian</ets> to go slowly; cf.
<ets>stels</ets> high, elevated, Dan. <ets>stalke</ets> to stalk;
probably akin to 1st <ets>stalk</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
walk slowly and cautiously; to walk in a stealthy, noiseless
manner; -- sometimes used with a reflexive pronoun.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Into the chamber he <qex>stalked</qex> him full still.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>[Bertran] <qex>stalks</qex> close behind her, like a witch's
fiend,
Pressing to be employed.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To walk behind something as a screen, for the
purpose of approaching game; to proceed under clover.</def>
<q>The king . . . crept under the shoulder of his led horse; . .
. \'bdI must <qex>stalk</qex>,\'b8 said he.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>One underneath his horse, to get a shoot doth
<qex>stalk</qex>.</q>
<qau>Drayton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To walk with high and proud steps; usually
implying the affectation of dignity, and indicating dislike. The
word is used, however, especially by the poets, to express
dignity of step.</def>
<q>With manly mien he <qex>stalked</qex> along the ground.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Then <qex>stalking</qex> through the deep,
He fords the ocean.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>I forbear myself from entering the lists in which he has long
<qex>stalked</qex> alone and unchallenged.</q>
<qau>Mericale.</qau>
<hw>Stalk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To approach
under cover of a screen, or by stealth, for the purpose of
killing, as game.</def>
<q>As for shooting a man from behind a wall, it is cruelly like
to <qex>stalking</qex> a deer.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Stalk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A high, proud, stately step or
walk.</def>
<q>Thus twice before, . . .
With martial <qex>stalk</qex> hath he gone by our watch.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The which with monstrous <qex>stalk</qex> behind him
stepped.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Stalked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a stalk
or stem; borne upon a stem.</def>
<cs><col>Stalked barnacle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
goose barnacle, or anatifer; -- called also <altname>stalk
barnacle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Stalked crinoid</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any crinoid having a jointed
stem.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stalk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who stalks.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of fishing net.</def>
<hw>Stalk"-eyed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the eyes raised on a stalk, or
peduncle; -- opposed to <xex>sessile-eyed</xex>. Said especially
of podophthalmous crustaceans.</def>
<cs><col>Stalked-eyed crustaceans</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Podophthalmia</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stalk"ing-horse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A horse, or a figure resembling a horse, behind which a
hunter conceals himself from the game he is aiming to kill.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Something used to cover up a secret
project; a mask; a pretense.</def>
<q>Hypocrisy is the devil's <qex>stalking-horse</qex> under an
affectation of simplicity and religion.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<q>How much more abominable is it to make of him [Christ] and
religion a <qex>stalking-horse</qex>, to get and enjoy the
world!</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<hw>Stalk"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no stalk.</def>
<hw>Stalk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hard as a
stalk; resembling a stalk.</def>
<q>At the top [it] bears a great <qex>stalky</qex> head.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<hw>Stall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stal</ets>, AS. <ets>steall</ets>, <ets>stall</ets>, a
place, seat, or station, a stable; akin to D. & OHG.
<ets>stal</ets>, G. & Sw. <ets>stall</ets>, <ets>stallr</ets>,
Dan. <ets>stald</ets>, originally, a standing place; akin to G.
<ets>selle</ets> a place, <ets>stellen</ets> to place, Gr. <?/ to
set, place, send, and E. <ets>stand</ets>. <?/ 163. See
<er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>Apostle</er>, <er>Epistle</er>,
<er>Forestall</er>, <er>Install</er>, <er>Stale</er>,
<pos>a.</pos> & <pos>v. i.</pos>, 1st <er>Stalk</er>,
<er>Stallion</er>, <er>Still</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
stand; a station; a fixed spot; hence, the stand or place where a
horse or an ox kept and fed; the division of a stable, or the
compartment, for one horse, ox, or other animal.</def> \'bdIn an
oxes <xex>stall</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stable; a place for cattle.</def>
<q>At last he found a <qex>stall</qex> where oxen stood.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small apartment or shed in which merchandise
is exposed for sale; <as>as, a butcher's <ex>stall</ex>; a
book<ex>stall</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A bench or table on which small articles of
merchandise are exposed for sale.</def>
<q>How peddlers' <qex>stalls</qex> with glittering toys are
laid.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A seat in the choir of a church, for one of the
officiating clergy. It is inclosed, either wholly or partially,
at the back and sides. The stalls are frequently very rich, with
canopies and elaborate carving.</def>
<q>The dignifird clergy, out of humanility, have called their
thrones by the names of <qex>stalls</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>
<q>Loud the monks in their <qex>stalls</qex>.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>In the theater, a seat with arms or otherwise
partly inclosed, as distinguished from the benches, sofas,
etc.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The space left by excavation
between pillars. See <cref>Post and stall</cref>, under
<er>Post</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Stall reader</col>, <cd>one who reads books at a stall
where they are exposed for sale.</cd></cs>
<q>Cries the <qex>stall reader</qex>, \'bdBless us! what a word
on</q>
<q>A titlepage is this!\'b8</q>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Stall</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stalled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stalling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sw.
<ets>stalla</ets>, Dan. <ets>stalde</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To put into a stall or stable; to keep in a stall or stalls;
<as>as, to <ex>stall</ex> an ox</as>.</def>
<q>Where King Latinus then his oxen <qex>stalled</qex>.</q>
<q><qex>Dryden</qex>.</q>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fatten; <as>as, to stall cattle</as>.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To place in an office with the customary
formalities; to install.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To plunge into mire or snow so as not to be able
to get on; to set; to fix; <as>as, to <ex>stall</ex> a
cart</as>.</def>
<au>Burton.</au>
<q>His horses had been <qex>stalled</qex> in the snow.</q>
<qau>E. E. Hale.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To forestall; to anticipitate. Having</def>
<q>This not to be <qex>stall'd</qex> by my report.</q>
<qau>Massinger.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To keep close; to keep secret.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Stall</qex> this in your bosom.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Stall</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>steallian</ets>
to have room. See <er>Stall</er>, n.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
live in, or as in, a stall; to dwell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>We could not <qex>stall</qex> together
In the whole world.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To kennel, as dogs.</def>
<qau>Johnson.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be set, as in mire or snow; to stick
fast.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be tired of eating, as cattle.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stall"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
OF.<ets>estallange</ets>, of German origin. <er>See Stall</er>,
<pos>n.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The
right of erecting a stalls in fairs; rent paid for a stall.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Dung of cattle or horses, mixed with
straw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stal*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Installation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stalled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Put or kept in
a stall; hence, fatted.</def> \'bdA <xex>stalled</xex> ox.\'b8
<au>Prov. xv. 17.</au>
<hw>Stall"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A standard
bearer. obtaining</def>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Stall"-feed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stall-fed</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stall-feeding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To feed and fatten in a
stall or on dry fodder; <as>as, to <ex>stall-feed</ex> an
ox</as>.</def>
<hw>Stall"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Stabling.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Stal"lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stalon</ets>, OF. <ets>estalon</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82talon</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>stal</ets> a stable. See
<er>Stall</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A male horse not
castrated; a male horse kept for breeding.</def>
<hw>Stall"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stallmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who keeps a
stall for the sale of merchandise, especially books.</def>
<au>Sterne.</au>
<hw>Stal"lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A slip from a
plant; a scion; a cutting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Holished.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stal"wart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stal"worth</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stalworth</ets>, AS. <ets>st\'91lwyr\'eb</ets> serviceable,
probably originally, good at stealing, or worth stealing or
taking, and afterwards extended to other causes of estimation.
See <er>Steal</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Worth</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Brave; bold; strong; redoubted; daring;
vehement; violent.</def> \'bdA <xex>stalwart</xex> tiller of the
soil.\'b8
<au>Prof. Wilson.</au>
<q>Fair man be was and wise, <qex>stalworth</qex> and bold.</q>
<qau>R. of Brunne.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Stalworth</xex> is now disused, or bur little
used, <xex>stalwart</xex> having taken its place.</note>
<hw>Stal"wart*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
stalwart manner.</def>
<hw>Stal"wart*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being
stalwart.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stal"worth*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Stal"worth*ness</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being stalworth; stalwartness;
boldness; daring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sta"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Stamens</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> (used only in the second sense);
L. <plw>Stamina</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pr>(in the first
sense)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>stamen</ets> the warp, a thread,
fiber, akin to Gr. <?/ the warp, fr. <?/ to stand, akin to E.
<ets>stand</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>Stamin</er>,
<er>Stamina</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thread; especially, a
warp thread.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <plu>(pl. <er>Stamens</er>, rarely
<er>Stamina</er>.)</plu> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The male organ of
flowers for secreting and furnishing the pollen or fecundating
dust. It consists of the <xex>anther</xex> and
<xex>filament</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sta"mened</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished
with stamens.</def>
<hw>Sta"min</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estamine</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tamine</ets>, LL.
<ets>staminea</ets>, <ets>stamineum</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>stamineus</ets> consisting of threads, fr. <ets>stamen</ets>
a thread. See <er>Stamen</er>, and cf. <er>Stamineous</er>, 2d
<er>Stammel</er>, <er>Tamine</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of woolen
cloth.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>stamine</asp>.]</altsp>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stam"i*na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See
<er>Stamen</er>.</def>
<hw>Stam"i*na</hw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The fixed,
firm part of a body, which supports it or gives it strength and
solidity; <as>as, the bones are the <ex>stamina</ex> of animal
bodies; the ligneous parts of trees are the <ex>stamina</ex>
which constitute their strength</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Whatever constitutes the principal strength or
support of anything; power of endurance; backbone; vigor; <as>as,
the <ex>stamina</ex> of a constitution or of life; the
<ex>stamina</ex> of a State</as>.</def>
<q>He succeeded to great captains who had sapped the whole
<qex>stamina</qex> and resistance of the contest.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Stam"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>staminal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to stamens or
stamina; consisting in stamens.</def>
<hw>Stam"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>staminatus</ets> consisting of threads, fr.
<ets>stamen</ets> thread: cf. F. <ets>stamin\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Furnished with stamens;
producing stamens.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having stamens, but
lacking pistils.</def>
<hw>Stam"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To indue
with stamina.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sta*min"e*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sta*min"e*ous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stamineus</ets>, from <ets>stamen</ets> thread.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of stamens or threads.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
stamens; possessing stamens; also, attached to the stamens;
<as>as, a <ex>stamineous</ex> nectary</as>.</def>
<hw>Stam`i*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stamen</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing
or having stamens.</def>
<hw>Stam"i*node</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A staminodium.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stam`i*no"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Staminodia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.
<ets>See</ets> <er>Stamen</er>, and -<er>oid</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An abortive stamen, or any organ modified
from an abortive stamen.</def>
<hw>Stam"mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A large,
clumsy horse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Wright.</au>
<hw>Stam"mel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>estamel</ets>;
cf. OF. <ets>estamet</ets> a coarse woolen cloth, LL.
<ets>stameta</ets> a kind of cloth, the same as
<ets>staminea</ets>, and OF. <ets>estame</ets> a woolen stuff.
See <er>Stamin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of woolen
cloth formerly in use. It seems to have been often of a red
color.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A red dye, used in England in the 15th and 16th
centuries.</def>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Stam"mel</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the color of stammel;
having a red color, thought inferior to scarlet.</def>
<hw>Stam"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stammered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stammering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stameren</ets>,
fr. AS. <ets>stamur</ets>, <ets>stamer</ets>, stammering; akin to
D. & LG. <ets>stameren</ets> to stammer, G. <ets>stammeln</ets>,
OHG. <ets>stammal<?/n</ets>, <ets>stamm<?/n</ets>, Dan.
<ets>stamme</ets>, Sw. <ets>stamma</ets>, Icel. <ets>stama</ets>,
<ets>stamma</ets>, OHG. & Dan. <ets>stam</ets> stammering, Icel.
<ets>stamr</ets>, <ets>Goth</ets>. <ets>stamms</ets>, and to G.
<ets>stemmen</ets> to bear against, <ets>stumm</ets> dumb, D.
<ets>stom</ets>. Cf. <er>Stem</er> to resist,
<er>Stumble</er>.]</ety> <def>To make involuntary stops in
uttering syllables or words; to hesitate or falter in speaking;
to speak with stops and diffivulty; to stutter.</def>
<q>I would thou couldst <qex>stammer</qex>, that thou mightest
pour this conclead man out of thy mouth, as wine comes out of a
narrow-mouthed bottle, either too much at once, or none at
all.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Stam"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter or
pronounce with hesitation or imperfectly; -- sometimes with
<xex>out</xex>.</def>
<hw>Stam"mer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Defective utterance, or
involuntary interruption of utterance; a stutter.</def>
<hw>Stam"mer*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
stammers.</def>
<hw>Stam"mer*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Apt to stammer;
hesitating in speech; stuttering.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Stam"mer*ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Stam"mer*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A
disturbance in the formation of sounds. It is due essentially to
long-continued spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm, by which
expiration is preented, and hence it may be considered as a
spasmodic inspiration.</def>
<hw>Stamp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stamped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stamping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stampen</ets>;
akin to LG. & D. <ets>stampen</ets>, G. <ets>stampfen</ets>, OHG.
<ets>stanpf<?/n</ets>, Dan. <ets>stampe</ets>, Sw.
<ets>stampa</ets>, Icel. <ets>stappa</ets>, G. <ets>stampf</ets>
a pestle and E. <ets>step</ets>. See <er>Step</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>, and cf. <er>Stampede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
strike beat, or press forcibly with the bottom of the foot, or by
thrusting the foot downward.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>He frets, he fumes, he stares, he <qex>stamps</qex> the
ground.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring down (the foot) forcibly on the ground
or floor; <as>as, he <ex>stamped</ex> his foot with
rage</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To crush; to pulverize; specifically
<fld>(Metal.)</fld>, to crush by the blow of a heavy stamp, as
ore in a mill.</def>
<q>I took your sin, the calf which ye had made, and burnt it with
fire, and <qex>stamped</qex> it, and ground it very small.</q>
<qau>Deut. ix. 21.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To impress with some mark or figure; <as>as, to
<ex>stamp</ex> a plate with arms or initials</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Fig.: To impress; to imprint; to fix deeply;
<as>as, to <ex>stamp</ex> virtuous principles on the
heart</as>.</def>
<q>God . . . has <qex>stamped</qex> no original characters on our
minds wherein we may read his being.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To cut out, bend, or indent, as paper, sheet
metal, etc., into various forms, by a blow or suddenly applied
pressure with a stamp or die, etc.; to mint; to coin.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To put a stamp on, as for postage; <as>as, to
<ex>stamp</ex> a letter; to <ex>stamp</ex> a legal
document</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To stamp out</col>, <cd>to put an end to by sudden and
energetic action; to extinguish; <as>as, <ex>to stamp out<ex> a
rebellion</as>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stamp</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike; to
beat; to crush.</def>
<q>These cooks how they <qex>stamp</qex> and strain and
grind.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike the foot forcibly downward.</def>
<q>But starts, exclaims, and <qex>stamps</qex>, and raves, and
dies.</q>
<qau>dennis.</qau>
<hw>Stamp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
stamping, as with the foot.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The which stamps; any instrument for making
impressions on other bodies, as a die.</def>
<q>'T is gold so pure
It can not bear the <qex>stamp</qex> without alloy.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The mark made by stamping; a mark imprinted; an
impression.</def>
<q>That sacred name gives ornament and grace,
And, like his <qex>stamp</qex>, makes basest metals pass.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>that which is marked; a thing stamped.</def>
<q>hanging a golden <qex>stamp</qex> about their necks.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[F. <ets>estampe</ets>, of german origin. See
<er>Stamp</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A picture cut in
wood or metal, or made by impression; a cut; a plate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>At Venice they put out very curious <qex>stamps</qex> of the
several edifices which are most famous for their beauty and
magnificence.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>An offical mark set upon things chargeable with
a duty or tax to government, as evidence that the duty or tax is
paid; <as>as, the <ex>stamp</ex> on a bill of
exchange</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Hence, a stamped or printed device, issued by
the government at a fixed price, and required by law to be
affixed to, or stamped on, certain papers, as evidence that the
government dues are paid; <as>as, a postage <ex>stamp</ex>; a
receipt <ex>stamp</ex>, etc.</as></def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>An instrument for cutting out, or shaping,
materials, as paper, leather, etc., by a downward pressure.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>A character or reputation, good or bad, fixed on
anything as if by an imprinted mark; current value; authority;
<as>as, these persons have the <ex>stamp</ex> of dishonesty; the
Scriptures bear the <ex>stamp</ex> of a divine origin</as>.</def>
<q>Of the same <qex>stamp</qex> is that which is obtruded on us,
that an adamant suspends the attraction of the loadstone.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>Make; cast; form; character; <as>as, a man of
the same <ex>stamp</ex>, or of a different
<ex>stamp</ex></as>.</def>
<q>A soldier of this season's <qex>stamp</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>A kind of heavy hammer, or pestle, raised by
water or steam power, for beating ores to powder; anything like a
pestle, used for pounding or bathing.</def>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>A half-penny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>au. & Fl.</au>
<sn>13.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Money, esp. paper money.</def>
<mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<cs><col>Stamp act</col>, <cd>an act of the British Parliament
[1765] imposing a duty on all paper, vellum, and parchment used
in the American colonies, and declaring all writings on unstamped
materials to be null an void.</cd> -- <col>Stamp collector</col>,
<cd>an officer who receives or collects stamp duties; one who
collects postage or other stamps.</cd> -- <col>Stamp duty</col>,
<cd>a duty, or tax, imposed on paper and parchment used for
certain writings, as deeds, conveyances, etc., the evidence of
the payment of the duty or tax being a stamp.</cd>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Stamp hammer</col>, <cd>a hammer,
worked by power, which rises and falls vertically, like a stamp
in a stamp mill.</cd> -- <col>Stamp head</col>, <cd>a heavy mass
of metal, forming the head or lower end of a bar, which is lifted
and let fall, in a stamp mill.</cd> -- <col>Stamp mill</col>
<fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a mill in which ore is crushed with
stamps; also, a machine for stamping ore.</cd> -- <col>Stamp
note</col>, <cd>a stamped certificate from a customhouse officer,
which allows goods to be received by the captain of a ship as
freight.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Stamp
office</col></mcol>, <cd>an office for the issue of stamps and
the reception of stamp duties.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stam*pede"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>estampida</ets> (in America) a stampede,
<ets>estampido</ets> a crackling, akin to <ets>estampar</ets> to
stamp, of German origin. See <er>Stamp</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A wild, headlong scamper, or running away,
of a number of animals; usually caused by fright; hence, any
sudden flight or dispersion, as of a crowd or an army in
consequence of a panic.</def>
<q>She and her husband would join in the general
<qex>stampede</qex>.</q>
<qau>W. Black.</qau>
<-- p. 1402 -->
<hw>Stam*pede"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To run
away in a panic; -- said droves of cattle, horses, etc., also of
armies.</def>
<hw>Stam*pede"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To disperse by causing
sudden fright, as a herd or drove of animals.</def>
<hw>Stamp"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who stamps.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for pounding or stamping.</def>
<hw>Stamp"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from <er>Stamp</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Stamping ground</col>, <cd>a place frequented, and much
trodden, by animals, wild or domesticated</cd>; hence
(<mark>Colloq</mark>.), <cd>the scene of one's labors or
exploits; also, one's favorite resort.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
-- <col>Stamping machine</col>, <cd>a machine for forming
metallic articles or impressions by stamping.</cd> --
<col>Stamping mill</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a stamp
mill.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estance</ets>. See <er>Stanza</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A stanza.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A station; a position; a site.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Stanch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stanched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stanching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>estanchier</ets>,
F. <ets>\'82tancher</ets> to stpo a liquid from flowing; akin to
Pr., Sp., & Pg. <ets>estancar</ets>, It. <ets>stancare</ets> to
weary, LL. <ets>stancare</ets>, <ets>stagnare</ets>, to stanch,
fr. L. <ets>stagnare</ets> to be or make stagnant. See
<er>Stagnate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stop the flowing
of, as blood; to check; also, to stop the flowing of blood from;
<as>as, to <ex>stanch</ex> a wound</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>staunch</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>Iron or a stone laid to the neck doth <qex>stanch</qex> the
bleeding of the nose.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To extinguish; to quench, as fire or
thirst.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stanch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To cease, as the flowing
of blood.</def>
<q>Immediately her issue of blood <qex>stanched</qex>.</q>
<qau>Luke viii. 44.</qau>
<hw>Stanch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which
stanches or checks.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flood gate by which water is accumulated, for
floating a boat over a shallow part of a stream by its
release.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Stanch</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Stancher</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Stanchest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Stanch</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>, and hence literally signifying, stopped or
stayed; cf. Sp. <ets>estanco</ets> stopped, tight, not leaky, as
a ship. See <er>Stanch</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>staunch</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Strong and tight; sound; firm; <as>as, a <ex>stanch</ex>
ship</as>.</def>
<q>One of the closets is parqueted with plain deal, set in
diamond, exceeding <qex>stanch</qex> and pretty.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Firm in principle; constant and zealous; loyal;
hearty; steady; steadfast; <as>as, a <ex>stanch</ex> churchman; a
<ex>stanch</ex> friend or adherent</as>.</def>
<au>V. Knox.</au>
<q>In politics I hear you 're <qex>stanch</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Close; secret; private.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>This to be kept <qex>stanch</qex>.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<hw>Stanch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To prop; to make stanch,
or strong.</def>
<q>His gathered sticks to <qex>stanch</qex> the wall
Of the snow tower when snow should fall.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Stan"chel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
stanchion.</def>
<hw>Stanch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, stanches, or stops, the flowing, as of blood.</def>
<hw>Stan"chion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estanson</ets>, <ets>estan\'87on</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82tan\'87on</ets>, from OF. <ets>estance</ets> a stay, a
prop, from L. <ets>stans</ets>, <ets>stantis</ets>, standing,
p.pr. of <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf.
<er>Stanza</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>stanchel</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<def>A prop or support; a piece of timber in the form of a stake
or post, used for a support or stay.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Any upright post or beam used
as a support, as for the deck, the quarter rails, awnings,
etc.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A vertical bar for confining cattle in a
stall.</def>
<hw>Stanch"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Incapable of being stanched, or stopped.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unquenchable; insatiable.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stanch"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a stanch
manner.</def>
<hw>Stanch"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being stanch.</def>
<hw>Stand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stood</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Standing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>standen</ets>; AS. <ets>standan</ets>; akin to
OFries. <ets>stonda</ets>, <ets>st\'ben</ets>, D.
<ets>staan</ets>, OS. <ets>standan</ets>, <ets>st\'ben</ets>, G.
<ets>stehen</ets>, Icel. <ets>standa</ets>, Dan.
<ets>staae</ets>, Sw. <ets>st\'86</ets>, Goth.
<ets>standan</ets>, Russ. <ets>stoiate</ets>, L.
<ets>stare</ets>, Gr. <?/ to cause to stand, <?/ to stand, Skr.
<ets>sth\'be</ets>. \'fb163. Cf. <er>Assist</er>,
<er>Constant</er>, <er>Contrast</er>, <er>Desist</er>,
<er>Destine</er>, <er>Ecstasy</er>, <er>Exist</er>,
<er>Interstice</er>, <er>Obstacle</er>, <er>Obstinate</er>,
<er>Prest</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Rest</er> remainder,
<er>Soltice</er>, <er>Stable</er>, <pos>a.</pos> & <pos>n.</pos>,
<er>State</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Statute</er>, <er>Stead</er>,
<er>Steed</er>, <er>Stool</er>, <er>Stud</er> of horses,
<er>Substance</er>, <er>System</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
be at rest in an erect position; to be fixed in an upright or
firm position</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To be supported on the
feet, in an erect or nearly erect position; -- opposed to
<xex>lie</xex>, <xex>sit</xex>, <xex>kneel</xex>, etc.</def>
\'bdI pray you all, <xex>stand</xex> up!\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To continue upright in a certain locality, as a
tree fixed by the roots, or a building resting on its
foundation.</def>
<q>It <qex>stands</qex> as it were to the ground yglued.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The ruined wall
<qex>Stands</qex> when its wind worn battlements are gone.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To occupy or hold a place; to have a situation;
to be situated or located; <as>as, Paris <ex>stands</ex> on the
Seine</as>.</def>
<q>Wite ye not where there <qex>stands</qex> a little town?</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cease from progress; not to proceed; to stop;
to pause; to halt; to remain stationary.</def>
<q>I charge thee, <qex>stand</qex>,
And tell thy name.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The star, which they saw in the east, went before them, till
it came and <qex>stood</qex> over where the young child was.</q>
<qau>Matt. ii. 9.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To remain without ruin or injury; to hold good
against tendencies to impair or injure; to be permanent; to
endure; to last; hence, to find endurance, strength, or
resources.</def>
<q>My mind on its own center <qex>stands</qex> unmoved.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To maintain one's ground; to be acquitted; not
to fail or yield; to be safe.</def>
<q>Readers by whose judgment I would <qex>stand</qex> or
fall.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To maintain an invincible or permanent attitude;
to be fixed, steady, or firm; to take a position in resistance or
opposition.</def> \'bdThe <xex>standing</xex> pattern of their
imitation.\'b8
<au>South.</au>
<q>The king granted the Jews . . . to gather themselves together,
and to <qex>stand</qex> for their life.</q>
<qau>Esther viii. 11.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To adhere to fixed principles; to maintain moral
rectitude; to keep from falling into error or vice.</def>
<q>We must labor so as to <qex>stand</qex> with godliness,
according to his appointment.</q>
<qau>Latimer.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To have or maintain a position, order, or rank;
to be in a particular relation; <as>as, Christian charity, or
love, <ex>stands</ex> first in the rank of gifts</as>.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To be in some particular state; to have essence
or being; to be; to consist.</def> \'bdSacrifices . . . which
<xex>stood</xex> only in meats and drinks.\'b8
<au>Heb. ix. 10.</au>
<q>Accomplish what your signs foreshow;
I <qex>stand</qex> resigned, and am prepared to go.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Thou seest how it <qex>stands</qex> with me, and that I may
not tarry.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>To be consistent; to agree; to accord.</def>
<q>Doubt me not; by heaven, I will do nothing
But what may <qex>stand</qex> with honor.</q>
<qau>Massinger.</qau>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To hold a course at sea;
<as>as, to <ex>stand</ex> from the shore; to <ex>stand</ex> for
the harbor</as>.</def>
<q>From the same parts of heaven his navy <qex>stands</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>To offer one's self, or to be offered, as a
candidate.</def>
<q>He <qex>stood</qex> to be elected one of the proctors of the
university.</q>
<qau>Walton.</qau>
<sn>13.</sn> <def>To stagnate; not to flow; to be
motionless.</def>
<q>Or the black water of Pomptina <qex>stands</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>14.</sn> <def>To measure when erect on the feet.</def>
<q>Six feet two, as I think, he <qex>stands</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>15.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To be or remain
as it is; to continue in force; to have efficacy or validity; to
abide.</def> <au>Bouvier</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To appear in
court.</def> <au>Burrill</au>.
<cs><col>Stand by</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a preparatory
order, equivalent to <altname>Be ready</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To
stand against</col>, <cd>to opposite; to resist.</cd> -- <col>To
stand by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be near; to be a spectator;
to be present</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be aside; to be aside
with disregard</cd>. \'bdIn the interim [we] let the commands
<plu>stand by<xex> neglected.\'b8 <au>Dr. H. More</au>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To maintain; to defend; to support; not to
desert; <as>as, <ex>to stand by<ex> one's principles or
party</as>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To rest on for support; to be
supported by</cd>. <au>Whitgift</au>. -- <col>To stand
corrected</col>, <cd>to be set right, as after an error in a
statement of fact. <au>Wycherley</au>.</cd> -- <col>To stand
fast</col>, <cd>to be fixed; to be unshaken or immovable.</cd> --
<col>To stand firmly on</col>, <cd>to be satisfied or convinced
of.</cd> \'bdThough Page be a secure fool, and <xex>stands<xex>
so <xex>firmly on<xex> his wife's frailty.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. --
<col>To stand for</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To side with; to
espouse the cause of; to support; to maintain, or to profess or
attempt to maintain; to defend.</cd> \'bdI <xex>stand<xex>
wholly <xex>for<xex> you.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To
be in the place of; to be the substitute or to represent; <as>as,
a cipher at the left hand of a figure <ex>stands for<ex>
nothing</as>.</cd> \'bdI will not trouble myself, whether these
names <xex>stand for<xex> the same thing, or really include one
another.\'b8 <au>Locke</au>.</cd> -- <col>To stand in</col>,
<cd>to cost.</cd> \'bdThe same <xex>standeth<xex> them
<xex>in<xex> much less cost.\'b8 <au>Robynson (More's
Utopia)</au>.
<q>The Punic wars could not have <qex>stood</qex> the human race
<qex>in</qex> less than three millions of the species.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
-- <col>To stand in hand</col>, <cd>to conduce to one's interest;
to be serviceable or advantageous.</cd> -- <col>To stand
off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To keep at a distance</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Not to comply</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To keep at
a distance in friendship, social intercourse, or
acquaintance</cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To appear prominent; to have
relief</cd>. \'bdPicture is best when it <xex>standeth off<xex>,
as if it were carved.\'b8 <au>Sir H. Wotton</au>. -- <col>To
stand off and on</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to remain near a
coast by sailing toward land and then from it.</cd> -- <col>To
stand on</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to continue on the same
tack or course.</cd> -- <col>To stand out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>To project; to be prominent</cd>. \'bdTheir eyes <xex>stand
out<xex> with fatness.\'b8 <au>Psalm lxxiii. 7</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>
To persist in opposition or resistance; not to yield or comply;
not to give way or recede.</cd>
<q>His spirit is come in,
That so <qex>stood out</qex> against the holy church.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
-- <col>To stand to</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To ply; to urge; to
persevere in using</cd>. \'bd<xex>Stand to<xex> your tackles,
mates, and stretch your oars.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>To remain fixed in a purpose or opinion.</cd> \'bdI will
<xex>stand to<xex> it, that this is his sense.\'b8 <au>Bp.
Stillingfleet</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To abide by; to adhere to;
as to a contrast, assertion, promise, etc.; <as>as, <ex>to stand
to<ex> an award; <ex>to stand to<ex> one's word</as>.</cd>
<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>Not to yield; not to fly; to maintain, as one's
ground</cd>. \'bdTheir lives and fortunes were put in safety,
whether they <xex>stood to<xex> it or ran away.\'b8
<au>Bacon</au>. <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To be consistent with; to agree
with; <as>as, it <ex>stands to<ex> reason that he could not have
done so</as>.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To support; to uphold</cd>.
\'bd<xex>Stand to<xex> me in this cause.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. --
<col>To stand together</col>, <cd>to be consistent; to
agree.</cd> -- <col>To stand to sea</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>to direct the course from land.</cd> -- <col>To stand
under</col>, <cd>to undergo; to withstand.</cd> <au>Shak</au>. --
<col>To stand up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To rise from sitting; to
be on the feet</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To arise in order to speak
or act</cd>. \'bdAgainst whom, when the accusers <xex>stood
up<xex>, they brought none accusation of such things as I
supposed.\'b8 <au>Acts xxv. 18</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To rise and
stand on end, as the hair.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To put one's
self in opposition; to contend</cd>. \'bdOnce we <xex>stood
up<xex> about the corn.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. -- <col>To stand up
for</col>, <cd>to defend; to justify; to support, or attempt to
support; <as>as, <ex>to stand up for<ex> the
administration</as>.</cd> -- <col>To stand upon</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To concern; to interest</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>To value; to esteem</cd>. \'bdWe highly esteem and
<xex>stand<xex> much <xex>upon<xex> our birth.\'b8 <au>Ray</au>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To insist on; to attach much importance to;
<as>as, <ex>to stand upon<ex> security; <ex>to stand upon<ex>
ceremony</as>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To attack; to assault</cd>.
<mark>[A Hebraism]</mark> \'bdSo I <xex>stood upon<xex> him, and
slew him.\'b8 <au>2 Sam. i. 10</au>.</cd> -- <col>To stand
with</col>, <cd>to be consistent with.</cd> \'bdIt <xex>stands
with<xex> reason that they should be rewarded liberally.\'b8
<au>Sir J. Davies</au>.</cs>
<-- usu. stand to reason. -->
<hw>Stand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
endure; to sustain; to bear; <as>as, I can not <ex>stand</ex> the
cold or the heat</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To resist, without yielding or receding; to
withstand.</def> \'bdLove <xex>stood the siege.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>He <qex>stood</qex> the furious foe.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To abide by; to submit to; to suffer.</def>
<q>Bid him disband his legions, . . .
And <qex>stand</qex> the judgment of a Roman senate.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To set upright; to cause to stand; <as>as, to
<ex>stand</ex> a book on the shelf; to <ex>stand</ex> a man on
his feet</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be at the expense of; to pay for; <as>as, to
<ex>stand</ex> a treat</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Tackeray.</au>
<cs><col>To stand fire</col>, <cd>to receive the fire of arms
from an enemy without giving way.</cd> -- <col>To stand one's
ground</col>, <cd>to keep the ground or station one has taken; to
maintain one's position. \'bdPleasants and burghers, however
brave, are unable <xex>to stand their ground<xex> against veteran
soldiers.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>.</cd> -- <col>To stand
trial</col>, <cd>to sustain the trial or examination of a cause;
not to give up without trial.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[As.
<ets>stand</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of standing.</def>
<q>I took my <qex>stand</qex> upon an eminence . . . to look into
thier several ladings.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A halt or stop for the purpose of defense,
resistance, or opposition; <as>as, to come to, or to make, a
<ex>stand</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Vice is at <qex>stand</qex>, and at the highest flow.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place or post where one stands; a place where
one may stand while observing or waiting for something.</def>
<q>I have found you out a <qex>stand</qex> most fit,
Where you may have such vantage on the duke,
He shall not pass you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A station in a city or town where carriages or
wagons stand for hire; <as>as, a cab <ex>stand</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Dickens.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A raised platform or station where a race or
other outdoor spectacle may be viewed; <as>as, the judge's or the
grand <ex>stand</ex> at a race course</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A small table; also, something on or in which
anything may be laid, hung, or placed upright; <as>as, a hat
<ex>stand</ex>; an umbrella <ex>stand</ex>; a music
<ex>stand</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A place where a witness stands to testify in
court.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>The situation of a shop, store, hotel, etc.;
<as>as, a good, bad, or convenient <ex>stand</ex> for
business</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Rank; post; station; standing.</def>
<q>Father, since your fortune did attain
So high a <qex>stand</qex>, I mean not to descend.</q>
<qau>Daniel.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>A state of perplexity or embarrassment; <as>as,
to be at a <ex>stand</ex> what to do</as>.</def>
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>A young tree, usually reserved when other trees
are cut; also, a tree growing or standing upon its own root, in
distinction from one produced from a scion set in a stock, either
of the same or another kind of tree.</def>
<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A weight of from two hundred
and fifty to three hundred pounds, -- used in weighing
pitch.</def>
<cs><col>Microscope stand</col>, <cd>the instrument, excepting
the eyepiece, objective, and other removable optical parts.</cd>
-- <col>Stand of ammunition</col>, <cd>the projectile, cartridge,
and sabot connected together.</cd> -- <col>Stand of arms</col>.
<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Arms</er>.</cd> -- <col>Stand
of colors</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a single color, or
flag.</cd> <au>Wilhelm (Mil. Dict.)</au> -- <col>To be at a
stand</col></mcol>, <cd>to be stationary or motionless; to be at
a standstill; hence, to be perplexed; to be embarrassed.</cd> --
<col>To make a stand</col>, <cd>to halt for the purpose of
offering resistance to a pursuing enemy.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Stop; halt; rest; interruption; obstruction;
perplexity; difficulty; embarrassment; hesitation.</syn>
<hw>Stand"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A reservior in which water accumulates
at the bottom of a mine.</def>
<hw>Stand"ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estendart</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tendard</ets>, probably fr. L.
<ets>extendere</ets> to spread out, extend, but influenced by E.
<ets>stand</ets>. See <er>Extend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
flag; colors; a banner; especially, a national or other
ensign.</def>
<q>His armies, in the following day,
On those fair plains their <qex>standards</qex> proud
display.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is established by authority as a rule
for the measure of quantity, extent, value, or quality; esp., the
original specimen weight or measure sanctioned by government, as
the standard pound, gallon, or yard.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is established as a rule or model by
authority, custom, or general consent; criterion; test.</def>
<q>The court, which used to be the <qex>standard</qex> of
property and correctness of speech.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<q>A disposition to preserve, and an ability to improve, taken
together, would be my <qex>standard</qex> of a statesman.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Coinage)</fld> <def>The proportion of weights
of fine metal and alloy established by authority.</def>
<q>By the present <qex>standard</qex> of the coinage, sixty-two
shillings is coined out of one pound weight of silver.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>A tree of natural size
supported by its own stem, and not dwarfed by grafting on the
stock of a smaller species nor trained upon a wall or
trellis.</def>
<q>In France part of their gardens is laid out for flowers,
others for fruits; some <qex>standards</qex>, some against
walls.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The upper petal or banner of a
papilionaceous corolla.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mech. & Carp.)</fld> <def>An upright support,
as one of the poles of a scaffold; any upright in framing.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>An inverted knee
timber placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its
vertical branch turned upward from that which lies
horizontally.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>The sheth of a plow.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>A large drinking cup.</def>
<au>Greene.</au>
<cs><col>Standard bearer</col>, <cd>an officer of an army,
company, or troop, who bears a standard; -- commonly called
<xex>color sergeant<xex>or <xex>color bearer<xex>; hence, the
leader of any organization; <as>as, the <ex>standard bearer<ex>
of a political party</as>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stand"ard</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Being,
affording, or according with, a standard for comparison and
judgment; <as>as, <ex>standard</ex> time; <ex>standard</ex>
weights and measures; a <ex>standard</ex> authority as to
nautical terms; <ex>standard</ex> gold or silver</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Having a recognized and permanent value;
<as>as, <ex>standard</ex> works in history; <ex>standard</ex>
authors</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not supported
by, or fastened to, a wall; <as>as, <ex>standard</ex> fruit
trees</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not of the dwarf kind;
<as>as, a <ex>standard</ex> pear tree</as>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Standard candle</col>, <col>Standard
gauge</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Candle</er>, and
<er>Gauge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Standard solution</col>.
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Standardized solution</cref>,
under <er>Solution</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stand"ard-bred`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bred in conformity
to a standard. Specif., applied to a registered trotting horse
which comes up to the standard adopted by the National
Association of Trotting-horse Breeders.</def> <mark>[U.
S.]</mark>
<hw>Stand"ard*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To reduce to a normal standard; to
calculate or adjust the strength of, by means of, and for uses
in, analysis.</def>
<hw>Stand"ard-wing`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A curious paradise bird
(<spn>Semioptera Wallacii</spn>) which has two long special
feathers standing erect on each wing.</def>
<-- p. 1403 -->
<hw>Stand"-by`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, stands by one in need; something upon which one
relies for constant use or in an emergency.</def>
<hw>Stand"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A young tree,
especially one reserved when others are cut.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Stand"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who stands.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Standel</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ascham.</au>
<hw>Stand"er-by`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
stands near; one who is present; a bystander.</def>
<hw>Stand"er*grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Orchis mascula</spn>); --
called also <altname>standerwort</altname>, and <altname>long
purple</altname>. See <cref>Long purple</cref>, under
<er>Long</er>.</def>
<hw>Stand"gale`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Stannel</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stand"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Remaining
erect; not cut down; <as>as, <ex>standing</ex> corn</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not flowing; stagnant; <as>as, <ex>standing</ex>
water</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not transitory; not liable to fade or vanish;
lasting; <as>as, a <ex>standing</ex> color</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Established by law, custom, or the like;
settled; continually existing; permanent; not temporary; <as>as,
a <ex>standing</ex> army; legislative bodies have
<ex>standing</ex> rules of proceeding and <ex>standing</ex>
committees</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Not movable; fixed; <as>as, a <ex>standing</ex>
bed (distinguished from a <ex>trundle</ex>-bed)</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Standing army</col>. <cd>See <cref>Standing army</cref>,
under <er>Army</er>.</cd> -- <col>Standing bolt</col>. <cd>See
<cref>Stud bolt</cref>, under <er>Stud</er>, a stem.</cd> --
<col>Standing committee</col>, <cd>in legislative bodies, etc., a
committee appointed for the consideration of all subjects of a
particular class which shall arise during the session or a stated
period.</cd> -- <col>Standing cup</col>, <cd>a tall goblet, with
a foot and a cover.</cd> -- <col>Standing finish</col>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>that part of the interior fittings, esp.
of a dwelling house, which is permanent and fixed in its place,
as distinguished from doors, sashes, etc.</cd> -- <col>Standing
order</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the denomination
(Congregiational) established by law; -- a term formerly used in
Connecticut. See also under <er>Order</er>.</cd><-- also, (Com.)
an order for goods which are to be delivered periodically,
without the need for renewal. --> -- <col>Standing part</col>.
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>That part of a tackle which
is made fast to a block, point, or other object</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>That part of a rope around which turns are taken
with the running part in making a knot of the like.</cd> --
<col>Standing rigging</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the cordage
or rope which sustain the masts and remain fixed in their
position, as the shrouds and stays, -- distinguished from
<contr>running rigging</contr>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stand"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
stopping, or coming to a stand; the state of being erect upon the
feet; stand.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Maintenance of position; duration; duration or
existence in the same place or condition; continuance;
<as><as>as, a custom of long <ex>standing</ex>; an officer of
long <ex>standing</ex></as>.</def>
<q>An ancient thing of long <qex>standing</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Place to stand in; station; stand.</def>
<q>I will provide you a good <qex>standing</qex> to see his
entry.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>I think in deep mire, where there is no
<qex>standing</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ps. lxix. 2.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Condition in society; relative position;
reputation; rank; <as>as, a man of good <ex>standing</ex>, or of
high <ex>standing</ex></as>.</def>
<cs><col>Standing off</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>sailing from
the land.</cd> -- <col>Standing on</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>sailing toward land.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stand"ish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Stand</ets> +
<ets>dish</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stand, or case, for pen and
ink.</def>
<q>I bequeath to Dean Swift, Esq., my large silver
<qex>standish</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Stand"pipe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A vertical pipe, open at the top,
between a hydrant and a reservoir, to equalize the flow of water;
also, a large vertical pipe, near a pumping engine, into which
water is forced up, so as to give it sufficient head to rise to
the required level at a distance.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Steam Boiler)</fld> <def>A supply pipe of
sufficient elevation to enable the water to flow into the boiler,
notwithstanding the pressure of the steam.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Stand"point`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>standpunkt</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fixed point or station; a
basis or fundamental principle; a position from which objects or
principles are viewed, and according to which they are compared
and judged.</def>
<hw>Stand"still`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A standing
without moving forward or backward; a stop; a state or
rest.</def>
<hw>Stane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stone.</def>
<mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Sting</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<hw>Stang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>stange</ets>, of
Scand. or Dutch origin; cf. Icel. <ets>st\'94ng</ets>, akin to
Dan. <ets>stang</ets>, Sw. <ets>st\'86ng</ets>, D.
<ets>stang</ets>, G. <ets>stange</ets>, OHG. <ets>stanga</ets>,
AS. <ets>steng</ets>; from the root of E.
<ets>sting</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long bar; a pole; a
shaft; a stake.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>In land measure, a pole, rod, or perch.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Swift.</au>
<cs><col>Stang ball</col>, <cd>a projectile consisting of two
half balls united by a bar; a bar shot. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<cref>Bar shot</cref>, under <er>Bar</er>.</cd> -- <col>To ride
the stang</col>, <cd>to be carried on a pole on men's shoulders.
This method of punishing wife beaters, etc., was once in vogue in
some parts of England.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stang</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Akin to <ets>sting</ets>;
cf. Icel. <ets>stanga</ets> to prick, to goad.]</ety> <def>To
shoot with pain.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stan"hope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A light
two-wheeled, or sometimes four-wheeled, carriage, without a top;
-- so called from Lord <ets>Stanhope</ets>, for whom it was
contrived.</def>
<hw>Stan"iel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Stannel</er>.</def>
<hw>Stan"iel*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Hawking
with staniels, -- a base kind of falconry.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estanc</ets>, or It. <ets>stanco</ets>. See <er>Stanch</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Weak; worn out.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Stank</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw.
<ets>st\'86nka</ets> to pant. \'fb165.]</ety> <def>To sigh.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stank</hw>, <pos>imp.</pos> <mord>of <er>Stink</er></mord>.
<def>Stunk.</def>
<hw>Stank</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>estang</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82tang</ets>, from L. <ets>stagnum</ets> a pool. Cf.
<er>Stagnate</er>, <er>Tank</er> a cistern.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Water retained by an embankment; a pool water.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<au>Robert of Brunne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dam or mound to stop water.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<cs><col>Stank hen</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the moor hen;
-- called also <altname>stankie</altname>.</cd> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Stan"na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stannum</ets> tin, an alloy of silver and lead.]</ety>
<def>Of or pertaining to tin mines, or tin works.</def>
<q>The <qex>stannary</qex> courts of Devonshire and Cornwall, for
the administration of justice among the tinners therein, are also
courts of record.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<hw>Stan"na*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stannaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL.
<ets>stannaria</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tin mine; tin works.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Stan"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>stannate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of
stannic acid.</def>
<hw>Stan"nel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>st\'bengella</ets>, <ets>stangilla</ets>; properly, stone
yeller, <ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., a bird that yells from the
rocks. See <er>Stone</er>, and <er>Yell</er>, and cf.
<er>Stonegall</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The
kestrel; -- called also <altname>standgale</altname>,
<altname>standgall</altname>, <altname>stanchel</altname>,
<altname>stand hawk</altname>, <altname>stannel hawk</altname>,
<altname>steingale</altname>, <altname>stonegall</altname>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>staniel</asp>, <asp>stannyel</asp>, and
<asp>stanyel</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>With what wing the <qex>staniel</qex> checks at it.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Stan"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stannum</ets> tin: cf. F. <ets>stannique</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to tin; derived from or
containing tin; specifically, designating those compounds in
which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with
<xex>stannous</xex> compounds.</def>
<cs><col>Stannic acid</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A hypothetical
substance, <chform>Sn(OH)4</chform>, analogous to silic acid, and
called also <altname>normal stannic acid</altname>.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Metastannic acid.</cd> -- <col>Stannic
chloride</col>, <cd>a thin, colorless, fuming liquid, SnCl4, used
as a mordant in calico printing and dyeing; -- formerly called
<altname>spirit of tin</altname>, or <altname>fuming liquor of
Libavius</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Stannic oxide</col>, <cd>tin
oxide, <chform>SnO2</chform>, produced artificially as a white
amorphous powder, and occurring naturally in the mineral
cassiterite. It is used in the manufacture of white enamels, and,
under the name of <altname>putty powder</altname>, for polishing
glass, etc.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stan*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stannum</ets> tin + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Containing or affording tin.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stan"nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stan"nite</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A
mineral of a steel<?/gray or iron-black color; tin pyrites. It is
a sulphide of tin, copper, and iron.</def>
<hw>Stan"no-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>stannum</ets>
tin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form (also used
adjectively) denoting <xex>relation to</xex>, or <xex>connection
with</xex>, <xex>tin</xex>, or including <xex>tin as an
ingredient</xex>.</def>
<hw>Stan`no*flu"or*ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of double fluorides
of tin (<xex>stannum</xex>) and some other element.</def>
<hw>Stan*no"so-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form (also used adjectively)
denoting <xex>relation to</xex>, or <xex>connection with</xex>,
certain <xex>stannnous compounds</xex>.</def>
<hw>Stan"no*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stanno-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A photograph taken upon a tin plate; a
tintype.</def>
<hw>Stan"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Pertaining to, or containing, tin; specifically, designating
those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as
contrasted with <xex>stannic</xex> compounds.</def>
<cs><col>Stannous chloride</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white
crystalline substance, <chform>SnCl2.(H2O)2</chform>, obtained by
dissolving tin in hydrochloric acid. It is used as a mordant in
dyeing.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Stan"num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., alloy
of silver and lead; later, tin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>The technical name of tin. See <er>Tin</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stann"yel</hw>, <hw>Stan"yel</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Stannel</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
}</mhw> <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>3d pers. sing. pres.</pos>
<mord>of <er>Stand</er>, for <xex>standeth</xex></mord>.
<def>Stands.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Stan"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stanzas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It.
<ets>stanza</ets> a room, habitation, a stanza, <it>i. e.</it>, a
stop, fr. L. <ets>stans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>stare</ets> to
stand. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>Estancia</er>,
<er>Stance</er>, <er>Stanchion</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
number of lines or verses forming a division of a song or poem,
and agreeing in meter, rhyme, number of lines, etc., with other
divisions; a part of a poem, ordinarily containing every
variation of measure in that poem; a combination or arrangement
of lines usually recurring; whether like or unlike, in
measure.</def>
<q>Horace confines himself strictly to one sort of verse, or
<qex>stanza</qex>, in every ode.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An apartment or division in a
building; a room or chamber.</def>
<hw>Stan*za"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to, or consisting of, stanzas; <as>as, a couplet in
<ex>stanzaic</ex> form</as>.</def>
<hw>Sta*pe"di*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>stapes</ets> stirrup.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to stapes.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sta*pe"li*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. So
named after John Bod\'91us a <ets>Stapel</ets>, a physician of
Amsterdam.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An extensive and curious
genus of African plants of the natural order
<spn>Asclepiadace\'91</spn> (Milkweed family). They are succulent
plants without leaves, frequently covered with dark tubercles
giving them a very grotesque appearance. The odor of the blossoms
is like that of carrion.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sta"pes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL., a
stirrup.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The innermost of the
ossicles of the ear; the stirrup, or stirrup bone; -- so called
from its form. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Ear</er>.</def>
<hw>Staph"y*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
botryodial, from <?/ a bunch of grapes.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to the uvula or the palate.</def>
<hw>Staph`y*li"nid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
a kind of insect.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any rove
beetle.</def>
<hw>\'d8Staph`y*lo"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a bunch of grapes.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>A protrusion of any part of the globe of the eye; <as>as, a
<ex>staphyloma</ex> of the cornea</as>.</def>
<hw>Staph`y*lo"ma*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to staphyloma; affected
with staphyloma.</def>
<hw>Staph"y*lo*plas`ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ a bunch of grapes, also, the uvula when swollen at the lower
end + <ets>-plasty</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The
operation for restoring or replacing the soft palate when it has
been lost.</def> <au>Dunglison</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Staph`y*lo*plas"tic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<mhw>{ <hw>Staph`y*lor"a*phy</hw>, <hw>Staph`y*lor"rha*phy</hw>
}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the uvula when
swollen + <?/ to sew: cf. F. <ets>staphylorraphie</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The operation of uniting a cleft palate, consisting in
paring and bringing together the edges of the cleft.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Staph`y*lo*raph"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<wf>Staph`y*lor*rhaph"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Staph`y*lot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ the uvula when swollen + <?/ to cut.]</ety>
<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of removing a staphyloma by
cutting.</def>
<hw>Sta"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>stapul</ets>, <ets>stapol</ets>, <ets>stapel</ets>, a step,
a prop, post, table, fr. <ets>stapan</ets> to step, go, raise;
akin to D. <ets>stapel</ets> a pile, stocks, emporium, G.
<ets>stapel</ets>a heap, mart, stake, <ets>staffel</ets> step of
a ladder, Sw. <ets>stapel</ets>, Dan. <ets>stabel</ets>, and E.
<ets>step</ets> cf. OF. <ets>estaple</ets> a mart, F.
<ets>\'82tape</ets>. See <er>Step</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
settled mart; an emporium; a city or town to which merchants
brought commodities for sale or exportation in bulk; a place for
wholesale traffic.</def>
<q>The customs of Alexandria were very great, it having been the
<qex>staple</qex> of the Indian trade.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<q>For the increase of trade and the encouragement of the worthy
burgesses of Woodstock, her majesty was minded to erect the town
into a <qex>staple</qex> for wool.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<note><hand/ In England, formerly, the king's <xex>staple</xex>
was established in certain ports or towns, and certain goods
could not be exported without being first brought to these places
to be rated and charged with the duty payable of the king or the
public. The principal commodities on which customs were lived
were wool, skins, and leather; and these were originally the
<xex>staple</xex> commodities.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Place of supply; source; fountain
head.</def>
<q>Whitehall naturally became the chief <qex>staple</qex> of
news. Whenever there was a rumor that any thing important had
happened or was about to happen, people hastened thither to
obtain intelligence from the fountain head.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The principal commodity of traffic in a market;
a principal commodity or production of a country or district;
<as>as, wheat, maize, and cotton are great <ex>staples</ex> of
the United States</as>.</def>
<q>We should now say, Cotton is the great <qex>staple</qex>, that
is, the established merchandize, of Manchester.</q>
<qau>Trench.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The principal constituent in anything; chief
item.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Unmanufactured material; raw material.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The fiber of wool, cotton, flax, or the like;
<as>as, a coarse <ex>staple</ex>; a fine <ex>staple</ex>; a long
or short <ex>staple</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A loop of iron, or a bar or wire, bent and
formed with two points to be driven into wood, to hold a hook,
pin, or the like.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A shaft,
smaller and shorter than the principal one, joining different
levels.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small pit.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>A district granted to an abbey.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Camden.</au>
<hw>Sta"ple</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to,
or being market of staple for, commodities; <as>as, a
<ex>staple</ex> town</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Established in commerce; occupying the markets;
settled; <as>as, a <ex>staple</ex> trade</as>.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fit to be sold; marketable.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Swift.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Regularly produced or manufactured in large
quantities; belonging to wholesale traffic; principal;
chief.</def>
<q>Wool, the great <qex>staple</qex> commodity of England.</q>
<qau>H<?/<?/<?/om.</qau>
<hw>Sta"ple</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>stapled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>stapling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To sort according
to its staple; <as>as, to <ex>staple</ex> cotton</as>.</def>
<hw>Sta"pler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
dealer in staple goods.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One employed to assort wool according to its
staple.</def>
<hw>Star</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sterre</ets>, AS. <ets>steorra</ets>; akin to OFries.
<ets>stera</ets>, OS. <ets>sterro</ets>, D. <ets>ster</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sterno</ets>, <ets>sterro</ets>, G. <ets>stern</ets>, Icel.
<ets>stjarna</ets>, Sw. <ets>stjerna</ets>, Dan.
<ets>stierne</ets>, Goth. <ets>sta\'a1rn\'d3</ets>, Armor. &
Corn. <ets>stern</ets>, L. <ets>stella</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr.
<ets>star</ets>; perhaps from a root meaning, to seater, Skr.
<ets>st<?/</ets>, L. <ets>sternere</ets> (cf. <er>Stratum</er>),
and originally applied to the stars as beingstrewn over the sky,
or as beingscatterers or spreaders of light. \'fb296. Cf.
<er>Aster</er>, <er>Asteroid</er>, <er>Constellation</er>,
<er>Disaster</er>, <er>Stellar</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
of the innumerable luminous bodies seen in the heavens; any
heavenly body other than the sun, moon, comets, and
nebul\'91.</def>
<q>His eyen twinkled in his head aright,
As do the <qex>stars</qex> in the frosty night.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<note><hand/ The stars are distinguished as <xex>planets</xex>,
and <xex>fixed stars</xex>. See <er>Planet</er>, <xex>Fixed
stars</xex> under <er>Fixed</er>, and <xex>Magnitude of a
star</xex> under <er>Magnitude</er>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The polestar; the north star.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A planet supposed to
influence one's destiny; (usually <pluf>pl.</pluf>) a
configuration of the planets, supposed to influence
fortune.</def>
<q>O malignant and ill-brooding <qex>stars</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Blesses his <qex>stars</qex>, and thinks it luxury.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which resembles the figure of a star, as an
ornament worn on the breast to indicate rank or honor.</def>
<q>On whom . . .
Lavish Honor showered all her <qex>stars</qex>.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Specifically, a radiated mark in writing or
printing; an asterisk [thus, *]; -- used as a reference to a
note, or to fill a blank where something is omitted, etc.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Pyrotechny)</fld> <def>A composition of
combustible matter used in the heading of rockets, in mines,
etc., which, exploding of a air, presents a starlike
appearance.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A person of brilliant and attractive qualities,
especially on public occasions, as a distinguished orator, a
leading theatrical performer, etc.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Star</xex> is used in the formation of compound
words generally or obvious signification: as,
<xex>star</xex>-aspiring, <xex>star</xex>-bespangled,
<xex>star</xex>-bestudded, <xex>star</xex>-blasting,
<xex>star</xex>-bright, <xex>star</xex>-crowned,
<xex>star</xex>-directed, <xex>star</xex>-eyed,
<xex>star</xex>-headed, <xex>star</xex>-paved,
<xex>star</xex>-roofed; <xex>star</xex>-sprinkled,
<xex>star</xex>-wreathed.</note>
<-- p. 1404 -->
<cs><mcol><col>Blazing star</col>, <col>Double star</col>,
<col>Multiple star</col>, <col>Shooting star</col></mcol>,
<cd>etc. See under <er>Blazing</er>, <er>Double</er>, etc.</cd>
-- <col>Nebulous star</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a small
well-defined circular nebula, having a bright nucleus at its
center like a star.</cd> -- <col>Star anise</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant of the genus Illicium; -- so
called from its star-shaped capsules.</cd> -- <col>Star
apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tropical American tree
(<spn>Chrysophyllum Cainito</spn>), having a milky juice and
oblong leaves with a silky-golden pubescence beneath. It bears an
applelike fruit, the carpels of which present a starlike figure
when cut across. The name is extended to the whole genus of about
sixty species, and the natural order (<spn>Sapotace\'91</spn>) to
which it belongs is called the <xex>Star-apple family<xex>.</cd>
-- <col>Star conner</col>, <cd>one who cons, or studies, the
stars; an astronomer or an astrologer.</cd> <au>Gascoigne</au>.
-- <col>Star coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
numerous species of stony corals belonging to
<spn>Astr\'91a</spn>, <spn>Orbicella</spn>, and allied genera, in
which the calicles are round or polygonal and contain conspicuous
radiating septa.</cd> -- <col>Star cucumber</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Cucumber</er>.</cd> --
<col>Star flower</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A
plant of the genus <spn>Ornithogalum</spn>;
star-of-Bethlehem</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See <er>Starwort</er>
<sd>(b)</sd></cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>An American plant of the
genus <spn>Trientalis</spn> (<spn>Trientalis
Americana</spn>)</cd>. <au>Gray</au>. -- <col>Star fort</col>
<fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a fort surrounded on the exterior with
projecting angles; -- whence the name.</cd> -- <col>Star
gauge</col> <fld>(Ordnance)</fld>, <cd>a long rod, with
adjustable points projecting radially at its end, for measuring
the size of different parts of the bore of a gun.</cd> --
<col>Star grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small
grasslike plant (<spn>Hypoxis erecta</spn>) having star-shaped
yellow flowers</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The colicroot</cd>. See
<er>Colicroot</er>.</cd> -- <col>Star hyacinth</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a bulbous plant of the genus
<spn>Scilla</spn> (<spn>S. autumnalis</spn>); -- called also
<altname>star-headed hyacinth</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Star
jelly</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several gelatinous
plants (<spn>Nostoc commune</spn>, <spn>N. edule</spn>, etc.).
See <er>Nostoc</er>.</cd> -- <col>Star lizard</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Stellion</er>.</cd> --
<col>Star-of-Bethlehem</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a bulbous
liliaceous plant (<spn>Ornithogalum umbellatum</spn>) having a
small white starlike flower.</cd> --
<col>Star-of-the-earth</col><cd> (<xex>Bot<xex>.), a plant of the
genus <spn>Plantago</spn> (<spn>P. coronopus</spn>), growing upon
the seashore.</cd> -- <col>Star polygon</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>,
<cd>a polygon whose sides cut each other so as to form a
star-shaped figure.</cd> -- <col>Stars and Stripes</col>, <cd>a
popular name for the flag of the United States, which consists of
thirteen horizontal stripes, alternately red and white, and a
union having, in a blue field, white stars to represent the
several States, one for each.</cd>
<q>With the old flag, the true American flag, the Eagle, and the
<qex>Stars and Stripes</qex>, waving over the chamber in which we
sit.</q>
<qau>D. Webster.</qau>
-- <col>Star showers</col>. <cd>See <cref>Shooting star</cref>,
under <er>Shooting</er>.</cd> -- <col>Star thistle</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an annual composite plant (<spn>Centaurea
solstitialis</spn>) having the involucre armed with radiating
spines.</cd> -- <col>Star wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a
star-shaped disk, used as a kind of ratchet wheel, in repeating
watches and the feed motions of some machines.</cd> -- <col>Star
worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a gephyrean.</cd> --
<col>Temporary star</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a star which
appears suddenly, shines for a period, and then nearly or quite
disappears. These stars are supposed by some astronometers to be
variable stars of long and undetermined periods.</cd> --
<col>Variable star</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a star whose
brilliancy varies periodically, generally with regularity, but
sometimes irregularly; -- called <stype>periodical star</stype>
when its changes occur at fixed periods.</cd> -- <col>Water star
grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an aquatic plant
(<spn>Schollera graminea</spn>) with small yellow starlike
blossoms.</cd></cs>
<hw>Star</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Starred</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Starring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To set or adorn with stars,
or bright, radiating bodies; to bespangle; <as>as, a robe
<ex>starred</ex> with gems</as>.</def> \'bdA sable curtain
<xex>starred</xex> with gold.\'b8
<au>Young.</au>
<hw>Star</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be bright, or attract
attention, as a star; to shine like a star; to be brilliant or
prominent; to play a part as a theatrical star.</def>
<-- i.e., to be the most prominent or one of the two most
prominent actors in the cast of a drama or film. -->
<au>W. Irving.</au>
<hw>Star"-blind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Half
blind.</def>
<hw>Star"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sterbord</ets>, AS. <ets>ste\'a2rbord</ets>, i.e., steer
board. See <er>Steer</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Board</er> of a
vessel, and cf. <er>Larboard</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>That side of a vessel which is one of the right hand of a
person who stands on board facing the bow; -- opposed to
<ant>larboard</ant>, or <ant>port</ant>.</def>
<hw>Star"board`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>Pertaining to the right-hand side of a ship; being or lying
on the right side; <as>as, the <ex>starboard</ex> quarter;
<ex>starboard</ex> tack.</as></def>
<hw>Star"board`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To
put to the right, or starboard, side of a vessel; <as>as, to
<ex>starboard</ex> the helm</as>.</def>
<hw>Star"blow`lines</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The men in the starboard watch.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>R. H. Dana, Jr.</au>
<hw>Starch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>stearc</ets> stark, strong, rough. See
<er>Stark</er>.]</ety> <def>Stiff; precise; rigid.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Killingbeck.</au>
<hw>Starch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <ets>starch</ets>
stiff, cf. G. <ets>st\'84rke</ets>, fr. <ets>stark</ets>
strong.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A widely
diffused vegetable substance found especially in seeds, bulbs,
and tubers, and extracted (as from potatoes, corn, rice, etc.) as
a white, glistening, granular or powdery substance, without taste
or smell, and giving a very peculiar creaking sound when rubbed
between the fingers. It is used as a food, in the production of
commercial grape sugar, for stiffening linen in laundries, in
making paste, etc.</def>
<note><hand/ Starch is a carbohydrate, being the typical amylose,
<chform>C6H10O5</chform>, and is detected by the fine blue color
given to it by free iodine. It is not fermentable as such, but is
changed by diastase into dextrin and maltose, and by heating with
dilute acids into dextrose. Cf. <er>Sugar</er>, <er>Inulin</er>,
and <er>Lichenin</er>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: A stiff, formal manner; formality.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<cs><col>Starch hyacinth</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the grape
hyacinth; -- so called because the flowers have the smell of
boiled starch. See under <er>Grape</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Starch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Starched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Starching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stiffen with
starch.</def>
<hw>Star"-cham`ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So
called (as conjectured by Blackstone) from being held in a room
at the Exchequer where the chests containing certain Jewish
comtracts and obligations called <ets>starrs</ets> (from the Heb.
<ets>shetar</ets>, pron. <ets>shtar</ets>) were kept; or from the
<ets>stars</ets> with which the ceiling is supposed to have been
decorated.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>An ancient high
court exercising jurisdiction in certain cases, mainly criminal,
which sat without the intervention of a jury. It consisted of the
king's council, or of the privy council only with the addition of
certain judges. It could proceed on mere rumor or examine
witnesses; it could apply torture. It was abolished by the Long
Parliament in 1641.</def>
<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>
<hw>Starched</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Stiffened with starch.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stiff; precise; formal.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Starch"ed*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being starched; stiffness in manners;
formality.</def>
<hw>Starch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
starches.</def>
<hw>Starch"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a starched or starch
manner.</def>
<hw>Starch"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to
starched or starch; stiffness of manner; preciseness.</def>
<hw>Starch"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cuckoopint, the tubers of which yield
a fine quality of starch.</def>
<hw>Starch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of
starch; resembling starch; stiff; precise.</def>
<hw>Star"craft</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Astrology.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Star"-crossed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not
favored by the stars; ill-fated.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Such in my <qex>star-crossed</qex> destiny.</q>
<qau>Massinger.</qau>
<hw>Stare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>st\'91r</ets>. See <er>Starling</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The starling.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stare</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>stared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>staring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>starian</ets>; akin
to LG. & D. <ets>staren</ets>, OHG. <ets>star\'c7n</ets>, G.
<ets>starren</ets>, Icel. <ets>stara</ets>; cf. Icel.
<ets>stira</ets>, Dan. <ets>stirre</ets>, Sw. <ets>stirra</ets>,
and G. <ets>starr</ets> stiff, rigid, fixed, Gr. <?/ solid (E.
<ets>stereo-</ets>), Skr. <ets>sthira</ets> firm, strong.
\'fb166. Cf. <er>Sterile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To look
with fixed eyes wide open, as through fear, wonder, surprise,
impudence, etc.; to fasten an earnest and prolonged gaze on some
object.</def>
<q>For ever upon the ground I see thee <qex>stare</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Look not big, nor stamp, nor <qex>stare</qex>, nor fret.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be very conspicuous on account of size,
prominence, color, or brilliancy; <as>as, <ex>staring</ex>
windows or colors</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To stand out; to project; to bristle.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Makest my blood cold, and my hair to <qex>stare</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Take off all the <qex>staring</qex> straws and jags in the
hive.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To gaze; to look earnestly. See <er>Gaze</er>.</syn>
<hw>Stare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To look
earnestly at; to gaze at.</def>
<q>I will <qex>stare</qex> him out of his wits.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>To stare in the face</col>, <cd>to be before the eyes,
or to be undeniably evident. \'bdThe law . . . <xex>stares<xex>
them <xex>in the face<xex> whilst they are breaking it.\'b8</cd>
<au>Locke.</au></cs>
<hw>Stare</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of staring; a fixed
look with eyes wide open.</def> \'bdA dull and stupid
<xex>stare</xex>.\'b8
<au>Churchill.</au>
<hw>Star"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who stares,
or gazes.</def>
<hw>Starf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>imp.</pos>
<mord>of <er>Starve</er></mord>. <def>Starved.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Star"finch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European redstart.</def>
<hw>Star"fish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of
echinoderms belonging to the class Asterioidea, in which the body
is star-shaped and usually has five rays, though the number of
rays varies from five to forty or more. The rays are often long,
but are sometimes so short as to appear only as angles to the
disklike body. Called also <altname>sea star</altname>,
<altname>five-finger</altname>, and
<altname>stellerid</altname>.</def>
<note><hand/ The ophiuroids are also sometimes called starfishes.
See <er>Brittle star</er>, and <er>Ophiuroidea</er>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dollar fish, or
butterfish.</def>
<hw>Star"gas`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who gazes at the stars; an astrologer; sometimes, in
derision or contempt, an astronomer.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species
of spiny-rayed marine fishes belonging to <spn>Uranoscopus</spn>,
<spn>Astroscopus</spn>, and allied genera, of the family
<spn>Uranoscopid\'91</spn>. The common species of the Eastern
United States are <spn>Astroscopus anoplus</spn>, and <spn>A.
guttatus</spn>. So called from the position of the eyes, which
look directly upward.</def>
<hw>Star"gas`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
practice of observing the stars with attention; contemplation of
the stars as connected with astrology or astronomy.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, absent-mindedness; abstraction.</def>
<hw>Star"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a
staring look.</def>
<hw>Stark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Starker</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Starkest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stark</ets> stiff, strong, AS. <ets>stearc</ets>; akin to
OS. <ets>starc</ets> strong, D. <ets>sterk</ets>, OHG.
<ets>starc</ets>, <ets>starah</ets>, G. & Sw. <ets>stark</ets>,
Dan. <ets>st\'91rk</ets>, Icel. <ets>sterkr</ets>, Goth.
ga<ets>sta\'a3rknan</ets> to become dried up, Lith.
<ets>str\'89gti</ets> to stiffen, to freeze. Cf. <er>Starch</er>,
<pos>a.</pos> & <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Stiff;
rigid.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Whose senses all were straight benumbed and
<qex>stark</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>His heart gan wax as <qex>stark</qex> as marble stone.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Many a nobleman lies <qex>stark</qex> and stiff
Under the hoofs of vaunting enemies.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The north is not so <qex>stark</qex> and cold.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Complete; absolute; full; perfect; entire.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Consider the <qex>stark</qex> security
The common wealth is in now.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Strong; vigorous; powerful.</def>
<q>A <qex>stark</qex>, moss-trooping Scot.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<q><qex>Stark</qex> beer, boy, stout and strong beer.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Severe; violent; fierce.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdIn <xex>starke</xex> stours.\'b8 [<it>i.
e.</it>, in fierce combats].
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Mere; sheer; gross; entire; downright.</def>
<q>He pronounces the citation <qex>stark</qex> nonsense.</q>
<qau>Collier.</qau>
<q>Rhetoric is very good or <qex>stark</qex> naught; there's no
medium in rhetoric.</q>
<qau>Selden.</qau>
<hw>Stark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Wholly;
entirely; absolutely; quite; <as>as, <ex>stark</ex>
mind</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Held him strangled in his arms till he was <qex>stark</qex>
dead.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<cs><col>Stark naked</col>, <cd>wholly naked; quite
bare.</cd></cs>
<q>Strip your sword <qex>stark naked</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ According to Professor Skeat,
\'bd<xex>stark-naked</xex>\'b8 is derived from
<xex>steort-naked</xex>, or <xex>start-naked</xex>, literally
<xex>tail-naked</xex>, and hence <xex>wholly naked</xex>. If this
etymology be true the preferable form is
<xex>stark-naked</xex>.</note>
<hw>Stark</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To stiffen.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>If horror have not <qex>starked</qex> your limbs.</q>
<qau>H. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Stark"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a stark manner;
stiffly; strongly.</def>
<q>Its onward force too <qex>starky</qex> pent
In figure, bone, and lineament.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Stark"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being stark.</def>
<hw>Star"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being without
stars; having no stars visible; <as>as, a <ex>starless</ex>
night</as>.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Star"light`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The light
given by the stars.</def>
<q>Nor walk by moon,
Or glittering <qex>starlight</qex>, without thee is sweet.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Star"light`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lighted by the stars, or
by the stars only; <as>as, a <ex>starlight</ex> night</as>.</def>
<q>A <qex>starlight</qex> evening and a morning fair.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Star"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Resembling a star; stellated; radiated like a star; <as>as,
<ex>starlike</ex> flowers</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Shining; bright; illustrious.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>The having turned many to righteousness shall confer a
<qex>starlike</qex> and immortal brightness.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<hw>Star"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sterlyng</ets>, a dim. of OE. <ets>stare</ets>, AS.
<ets>st\'91r</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>stearn</ets>, G.
<ets>star</ets>, <ets>staar</ets>, OHG. <ets>stara</ets>, Icel.
<ets>starri</ets>, <ets>stari</ets>, Sw. <ets>stare</ets>, Dan.
<ets>st\'91r</ets>, L. <ets>sturnus</ets>. Cf. <er>Stare</er> a
starling.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any
passerine bird belonging to <spn>Sturnus</spn> and allied genera.
The European starling (<spn>Sturnus vulgaris</spn>) is dark brown
or greenish black, with a metallic gloss, and spotted with
yellowish white. It is a sociable bird, and builds about houses,
old towers, etc. Called also <altname>stare</altname>, and
<altname>starred</altname>. The pied starling of India is
<spn>Sternopastor contra</spn>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A California fish; the
rock trout.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A structure of piles driven round the piers of a
bridge for protection and support; -- called also
<altname>sterling</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>Rose-colored starling</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Pastor</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Star"lit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lighted by
the stars; starlight.</def>
<hw>Star"mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fortune
teller; an astrologer; -- used in contempt.</def>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Starn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The European starling.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Star"nose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A curious American mole
(<spn>Condylura cristata</spn>) having the nose expanded at the
end into a stellate disk; -- called also <altname>star-nosed
mole</altname>.</def>
<hw>Star"ost</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pol.
<ets>starosta</ets>, from <ets>stary</ets> old.]</ety> <def>A
nobleman who possessed a starosty.</def> <mark>[Poland]</mark>
<hw>Star"os*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A castle and
domain conferred on a nobleman for life.</def>
<mark>[Poland]</mark>
<au>Brande & C.</au>
<hw>Star"proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Impervious
to the light of the stars; <as>as, a <ex>starproof</ex>
elm</as>.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Star"-read`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Doctrine or
knowledge of the stars; star lore; astrology; astronomy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Which in <qex>star-read</qex> were wont have best insight.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Starred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Star</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Adorned or studded with
stars; bespangled.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Influenced in fortune by the stars.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>My third comfort,
<qex>Starred</qex> most unluckily.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Star"ri*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being starry; <as>as, the <ex>starriness</ex>
of the heavens</as>.</def>
<hw>Star"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.</def> \'bdAbove
the <xex>starry</xex> sky.\'b8
<au>Pope.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of, or proceeding from, the stars;
stellar; stellary; <as>as, <ex>starry</ex> light; <ex>starry</ex>
flame</as>.</def>
<q>Do not Christians and Heathens, Jews and Gentiles, poets and
philosophers, unite in allowing the <qex>starry</qex>
influence?</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Shining like stars; sparkling; <as>as,
<ex>starry</ex> eyes</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Arranged in rays like those of a star;
stellate.</def>
<cs><col>Starry ray</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European
skate (<spn>Raita radiata</spn>); -- so called from the stellate
bases of the dorsal spines.</cd></cs>
<hw>Star"shine`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The light
of the stars.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The <qex>starshine</qex> lights upon our heads.</q>
<qau>R. L. Stevenson.</qau>
<hw>Star"shoot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Nostoc</er>.</def>
<hw>Star"-span`gled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Spangled or studded with stars.</def>
<cs><col>Star-spangled banner</col>, <cd>the popular name for the
national ensign of the United States.</cd> <au>F. S.
Key.</au></cs>
<hw>Star"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Asteriated sapphire.</def>
<hw>Start</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>started</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>starting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sterten</ets>; akin to D. <ets>storten</ets> 8hurl, rush,
fall, G. <ets>st\'81rzen</ets>, OHG. <ets>sturzen</ets> to turn
over, to fall, Sw. <ets>st\'94ra</ets> to cast down, to fall,
Dan. <ets>styrte</ets>, and probably also to E. <ets>start</ets>
a tail; the original sense being, perhaps, to show the tail, to
tumble over suddenly. \'fb166. Cf. <er>Start</er> a tail.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To leap; to jump.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move suddenly, as with a spring or leap, from
surprise, pain, or other sudden feeling or emotion, or by a
voluntary act.</def>
<q>And maketh him out of his sleep to <qex>start</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>I <qex>start</qex> as from some dreadful dream.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Keep your soul to the work when ready to <qex>start</qex>
aside.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<q>But if he <qex>start</qex>,
It is the flesh of a corrupted heart.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To set out; to commence a course, as a race or
journey; to begin; <as>as, to <ex>start</ex> business</as>.</def>
<q>At once they <qex>start</qex>, advancing in a line.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>At intervals some bird from out the brakes
<qex>Starts</qex> into voice a moment, then is still.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To become somewhat displaced or loosened;
<as>as, a rivet or a seam may <ex>start</ex> under strain or
pressure</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To start after</col>, <cd>to set out after; to follow;
to pursue.</cd> -- <col>To start against</col>, <cd>to act as a
rival candidate against.</cd> -- <col>To start for</col>, <cd>to
be a candidate for, as an office.</cd> -- <col>To start up</col>,
<cd>to rise suddenly, as from a seat or couch; to come suddenly
into notice or importance.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1405 -->
<hw>Start</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
cause to move suddenly; to disturb suddenly; to startle; to
alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly; <as>as, the hounds
<ex>started</ex> a fox</as>.</def>
<q>Upon malicious bravery dost thou come
To <qex>start</qex> my quiet?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Brutus will <qex>start</qex> a spirit as soon as C\'91sar.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring onto being or into view; to originate;
to invent.</def>
<q>Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can
<qex>start</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to move or act; to set going, running,
or flowing; <as>as, to <ex>start</ex> a railway train; to
<ex>start</ex> a mill; to <ex>start</ex> a stream of water; to
<ex>start</ex> a rumor; to <ex>start</ex> a business</as>.</def>
<q>I was engaged in conversation upon a subject which the people
love to <qex>start</qex> in discourse.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To move suddenly from its place or position; to
displace or loosen; to dislocate; <as>as, to <ex>start</ex> a
bone; the storm <ex>started</ex> the bolts in the
vessel</as>.</def>
<q>One, by a fall in wrestling, <qex>started</qex> the end of the
clavicle from the sternum.</q>
<qau>Wiseman.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[Perh. from D. <ets>storten</ets>, which has
this meaning also.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To pour out; to
empty; to tap and begin drawing from; <as>as, to <ex>start</ex> a
water cask</as>.</def>
<hw>Start</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
starting; a sudden spring, leap, or motion, caused by surprise,
fear, pain, or the like; any sudden motion, or beginning of
motion.</def>
<q>The fright awakened Arcite with a <qex>start</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A convulsive motion, twitch, or spasm; a
spasmodic effort.</def>
<q>For she did speak in <qex>starts</qex> distractedly.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Nature does nothing by <qex>starts</qex> and leaps, or in a
hurry.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sudden, unexpected movement; a sudden and
capricious impulse; a sally; <as>as, <ex>starts</ex> of
fancy</as>.</def>
<q>To check the <qex>starts</qex> and sallies of the soul.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The beginning, as of a journey or a course of
action; first motion from a place; act of setting out; the
outset; -- opposed to <xex>finish</xex>.</def>
<q>The <qex>start</qex> of first performance is all.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips,
Straining upon the <qex>start</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>At a start</col>, <cd>at once; in an instant.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>
<q><qex>At a start</qex> he was betwixt them two.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>To get</col>, <or/ <col>have</col>, <col>the
start</col></mcol>, <cd>to before another; to gain or have the
advantage in a similar undertaking; -- usually with
<xex>of<xex>.</cd> \'bd<xex>Get the start<xex> of the majestic
world.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. \'bdShe might have forsaken him if he
had not <xex>got the start<xex> of her.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>.</cs>
<hw>Start</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>stert</ets> a tail,
AS. <ets>steort</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>stert</ets>,
<ets>steert</ets>, D. <ets>staart</ets>, G. <ets>sterz</ets>,
Icel. <ets>stertr</ets>, Dan. <ets>stiert</ets>, Sw.
<ets>stjert</ets>. \'fb166. Cf. <ets>Stark naked</ets>, under
<er>Stark</er>, <er>Start</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A tail, or anything projecting like a
tail.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The handle, or tail, of a plow; also, any long
handle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The curved or inclined front and bottom of a
water-wheel bucket.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The arm, or level, of a gin,
drawn around by a horse.</def>
<hw>Start"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or
that which, starts; <as>as, a <ex>starter</ex> on a journey; the
<ex>starter</ex> of a race</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dog that rouses game.</def>
<hw>Start"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Apt to start;
skittish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Start"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Aptness to
start.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Star"throat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any humming bird of the genus
<spn>Heliomaster</spn>. The feathers of the throat have a
brilliant metallic luster.</def>
<hw>Start"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Start</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Starting bar</col> <fld>(Steam Eng.)</fld>, <cd>a hand
lever for working the values in starting an engine.</cd> --
<col>Starting hole</col>, <cd>a loophole; evasion.</cd>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Starting point</col>, <cd>the point
from which motion begins, or from which anything starts.</cd> --
<col>Starting post</col>, <cd>a post, stake, barrier, or place
from which competitors in a race start, or begin the
race.</cd></cs>
<hw>Start"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By sudden fits or
starts; spasmodically.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Start"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Apt to start; skittish;
shy; -- said especially of a horse.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Star"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Startled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Startling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of
<ets>start</ets>.]</ety> <def>To move suddenly, or be excited, on
feeling alarm; to start.</def>
<q>Why shrinks the soul
Back on herself, and <qex>startles</qex> at destruction?</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Star"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension; to
frighten suddenly and not seriously; to alarm; to surprise.</def>
<q>The supposition, at least, that angels do sometimes assume
bodies need not <qex>startle</qex> us.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deter; to cause to deviate.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Clarendon.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- To start; shock; fright; frighten; alarm.</syn>
<hw>Star"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sudden motion or shock
caused by an unexpected alarm, surprise, or apprehension of
danger.</def>
<q>After having recovered from my first <qex>startle</qex>, I was
very well pleased with the accident.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>
<hw>Star"tling*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
startling manner.</def>
<hw>Star"tlish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Easily
startled; apt to start; startish; skittish; -- said especially of
a hourse.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Start"-up`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who comes suddenly into notice; an upstart.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of high rustic shoe.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<q>A <qex>startuppe</qex>, or clownish shoe.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Start"-up`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Upstart.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Walpole.</au>
<hw>Star*va"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
starving, or the state of being starved.</def>
<note><hand/ This word was first used, according to Horace
Walpole, by Henry Dundas, the first Lord Melville, in a speech on
American affairs in 1775, which obtained for him the nickname of
<xex>Starvation</xex> Dundas.
\'bd<xex>Starvation</xex>, we are also told, belongs to the
class of 'vile compounds' from being a mongrel; as if English
were not full of mongrels, and if it would not be in distressing
straits without them.\'b8 <au>Fitzed. Hall</au>.</note>
<hw>Starve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Starved</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Starving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sterven</ets> to
die, AS. <ets>steorfan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>sterven</ets>, G.
<ets>sterben</ets>, OHG. <ets>sterban</ets>, Icel.
<ets>starf</ets> labor, toil.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To die; to
perish.</def> <mark>[Obs., except in the sense of perishing with
cold or hunger.]</mark>
<au>Lydgate.</au>
<q>In hot coals he hath himself raked . . .
Thus <qex>starved</qex> this worthy mighty Hercules.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perish with hunger; to suffer extreme hunger
or want; to be very indigent.</def>
<q>Sometimes virtue <qex>starves</qex>, while vice is fed.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To perish or die with cold.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>Have I seen the naked <qex>starve</qex> for cold?</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>
<q><qex>Starving</qex> with cold as well as hunger.</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>
<note><hand/ In this sense, still common in England, but rarely
used of the United States.</note>
<hw>Starve</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To destroy
with cold.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<q>From beds of raging fire, to <qex>starve</qex> in ice
Their soft ethereal warmth.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To kill with hunger; <as>as, maliciously to
<ex>starve</ex> a man is, in law, murder</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To distress or subdue by famine; <as>as, to
<ex>starve</ex>a garrison into a surrender</as>.</def>
<q>Attalus endeavored to <qex>starve</qex> Italy by stopping
their convoy of provisions from Africa.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To destroy by want of any kind; <as>as, to
<ex>starve</ex> plans by depriving them of proper light and
air</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To deprive of force or vigor; to disable.</def>
<q>The pens of historians, writing thereof, seemed
<qex>starved</qex> for matter in an age so fruitful of memorable
actions.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<q>The powers of their minds are <qex>starved</qex> by
disuse.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<hw>Starv"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the
condition of one starved or starving; parsimoniously.</def>
<q>Some boasting housekeeper which keepth open doors for one day,
. . . and lives <qex>starvedly</qex> all the year after.</q>
<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>
<hw>Starve"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Starve</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who,
or that which, pines from lack or food, or nutriment.</def>
<q>Old Sir John hangs with me, and thou knowest he is no
<qex>starveling</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Starve"ling</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hungry; lean; pining
with want.</def>
<hw>Star"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Aster</spn>. See
<er>Aster</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small plant of the
genus <spn>Stellaria</spn>, having star-shaped flowers; star
flower; chickweed.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<cs><col>Water starwort</col>, <cd>an aquatic plant
(<spn>Callitriche verna</spn>) having some resemblance to
chickweed.</cd> -- <col>Yellow starwort</col>, <cd>a plant of the
genus <spn>Inula</spn>; elecampane.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Stas"i*mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stasmia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr.
<grk>sta`simon</grk>, neut. of <grk>sta`simos</grk> stationary,
steadfast.]</ety> <def>In the Greek tragedy, a song of the
chorus, continued without the interruption of dialogue or
anap\'91stics.</def>
<au>Liddell & Scott.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sta"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/ a standing still.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A
slackening or arrest of the blood current in the vessels, due not
to a lessening of the heart's beat, but presumably to some
abnormal resistance of the capillary walls. It is one of the
phenomena observed in the capillaries in inflammation.</def>
<hw>Stat"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That can be
stated; <as>as, a <ex>statable</ex>grievance; the question at
issue is <ex>statable</ex>.</as></def>
<hw>Sta"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of, pertaining
to, or existing with reference to, a State of the American Union,
as distinguished from the general government.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>I have no knowledge of any other kind of political
citizenship, higher or lower, <qex>statal</qex> or national.</q>
<qau>Edward Bates.</qau>
<hw>Sta"tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stare</ets> to stand.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In a
standing position; <as>as, a lion <ex>statant</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sta*ta"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fixed;
settled; steady; statary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sta*ta"ri*an*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Fixedly;
steadly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sta"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>statarius</ets> standing fast, fr. <ets>stare</ets> to
stand.]</ety> <def>Fixed; settled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdThe set and <xex>statary</xex> times of paring of nails and
cutting hair.\'b8
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>State</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stat</ets>, OF. <ets>estat</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tat</ets>, fr.
L. <ets>status</ets> a standing, position, fr. <ets>stare</ets>,
<ets>statum</ets>, to stand. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf.
<er>Estate</er>, <er>Status</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
circumstances or condition of a being or thing at any given
time.</def>
<q><qex>State</qex> is a term nearly synonymous with
\'bdmode,\'b8 but of a meaning more extensive, and is not
exclusively limited to the mutable and contingent.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<q>Declare the past and present <qex>state</qex> of things.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Keep the <qex>state</qex> of the question in your eye.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rank; condition; quality; <as>as, the
<ex>state</ex> of honor</as>.</def>
<q>Thy honor, <qex>state</qex>, and seat is due to me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Condition of prosperity or grandeur; wealthy or
prosperous circumstances; social importance.</def>
<q>She instructed him how he should keep <qex>state</qex>, and
yet with a modest sense of his misfortunes.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>Can this imperious lord forget to reign,
Quit all his <qex>state</qex>, descend, and serve again?</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Appearance of grandeur or dignity; pomp.</def>
<q>Where least og <qex>state</qex> there most of love is
shown.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A chair with a canopy above it, often standing
on a dais; a seat of dignity; also, the canopy itself.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>His high throne, . . . under <qex>state</qex>
Of richest texture spread.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>When he went to court, he used to kick away the
<qex>state</qex>, and sit down by his prince cheek by jowl.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Estate, possession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Daniel.</au>
<q>Your <qex>state</qex>, my lord, again in yours.</q>
<qau>Massinger.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A person of high rank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Latimer.</au>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Any body of men united by profession, or
constituting a community of a particular character; <as>as, the
civil and ecclesiastical states, or the lords spiritual and
temporal and the commons, in Great Britain</as>. Cf.
<er>Estate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>The principal persons in a government.</def>
<q>The bold design
Pleased highly those infernal <qex>states</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>The bodies that constitute the legislature of a
country; <as>as, the <ex>States</ex>-general of
Holland</as>.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>A form of government which is not monarchial,
as a republic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Well monarchies may own religion's name,
But <qex>states</qex> are atheists in their very fame.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>A political body, or body politic; the whole
body of people who are united one government, whatever may be the
form of the government; a nation.</def>
<q>Municipal law is a rule of conduct prescribed by the supreme
power in a <qex>state</qex>.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<q>The Puritans in the reign of Mary, driven from their homes,
sought an asylum in Geneva, where they found a <qex>state</qex>
without a king, and a church without a bishop.</q>
<qau>R. Choate.</qau>
<sn>13.</sn> <def>In the United States, one of the commonwealth,
or bodies politic, the people of which make up the body of the
nation, and which, under the national constitution, stands in
certain specified relations with the national government, and are
invested, as commonwealth, with full power in their several
spheres over all matters not expressly inhibited.</def>
<note><hand/ The term <xex>State</xex>, in its technical sense,
is used in distinction from the federal system, <it>i. e.</it>,
the government of the United States.</note>
<sn>14.</sn> <def>Highest and stationary condition, as that of
maturity between growth and decline, or as that of crisis between
the increase and the abating of a disease; height; acme.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<note><hand/ When <xex>state</xex> is joined with another word,
or used adjectively, it denotes public, or what belongs to the
community or body politic, or to the government; also, what
belongs to the States severally in the American Union; as,
<xex>state</xex> affairs; <xex>state</xex> policy;
<xex>State</xex> laws of Iowa.</note>
<cs><col>Nascent state</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Nascent</er>.</cd> -- <col>Secretary of state</col>. <cd>See
<er>Secretary</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd> -- <col>State
barge</col><cd>a royal barge, or a barge belonging to a
government.</cd> -- <col>State bed</col>, <cd>an elaborately
carved or decorated bed.</cd> -- <col>State carriage</col>, <cd>a
highly decorated carriage for officials going in state, or taking
part in public processions.</cd> -- <col>State paper</col>,
<cd>an official paper relating to the interests or government of
a state.</cd> <au>Jay</au>. -- <col>State prison</col>, <cd>a
public prison or penitentiary; -- called also <altname>State's
prison</altname>.</cd> -- <col>State prisoner</col>, <cd>one is
confinement, or under arrest, for a political offense.</cd> --
<mcol><col>State rights</col>, <or/ <col>States'
rights</col></mcol>, <cd>the rights of the several independent
States, as distinguished from the rights of the Federal
government. It has been a question as to what rights have been
vested in the general government.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> --
<col>State's evidence</col>. <cd>See <er>Probator</er>, 2, and
under <er>Evidence</er>.</cd> -- <col>State sword</col>, <cd>a
sword used on state occasions, being borne before a sovereign by
an attendant of high rank.</cd> -- <col>State trial</col>, <cd>a
trial of a person for a political offense.</cd> -- <col>States of
the Church</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Ecclesiastical</er>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>State</er>, <er>Situation</er>,
<er>Condition</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>State</xex> is the generic
term, and denotes in general the mode in which a thing stands or
exists. The <xex>situation</xex> of a thing is its state in
reference to external objects and influences; its
<xex>condition</xex> is its internal state, or what it is in
itself considered. Our <xex>situation</xex> is good or bad as
outward things bear favorably or unfavorably upon us; our
<xex>condition</xex> is good or bad according to the state we are
actually in as respects our persons, families, property, and
other things which comprise our sources of enjoyment.</usage>
<q>I do not, brother,
Infer as if I thought my sister's <qex>state</qex>
Secure without all doubt or controversy.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>We hoped to enjoy with ease what, in our <qex>situation</qex>,
might be called the luxuries of life.</q>
<qau>Cock.</qau>
<q>And, O, what man's <qex>condition</qex> can be worse
Than his whom plenty starves and blessings curse?</q>
<qau>Cowley.</qau>
<hw>State</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Stately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Belonging to the state, or body politic;
public.</def>
<hw>State</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stated</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set; to
settle; to establish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>I myself, though meanest <qex>stated</qex>,
And in court now almost hated.</q>
<qau>Wither.</qau>
<q>Who calls the council, <qex>states</qex> the certain day.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To express the particulars of; to set down in
detail or in gross; to represent fully in words; to narrate; to
recite; <as>as, to <ex>state</ex> the facts of a case, one's
opinion, etc.</as></def>
<cs><col>To state it</col>. <cd>To assume state or dignity.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> \'bdRarely dressed up, and taught
<xex>to state it<xex>.\'b8 <au>Beau. & Fl.</au></cs>
<hw>State</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A statement; also, a document
containing a statement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>State"craft`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art of
conducting state affairs; state management; statesmanship.</def>
<-- p. 1406 -->
<hw>Stat"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Settled; established; fixed.</def>
<q>He is capable of corruption who receives more than what is the
<qex>stated</qex> and unquestionable fee of his office.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Recurring at regular time; not occasional;
<as>as, <ex>stated</ex> preaching; <ex>stated</ex> business
hours</as>.</def>
<hw>Stat"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>At stated times;
regularly.</def>
<hw>State"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of
state; stately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA
<xex>stateful</xex> silence.\'b8
<au>Marston.</au>
<hw>State"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
condition of being a State; <as>as, a territory seeking
<ex>Statehood</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>State"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
building in which a State legislature holds its sessions; a State
capitol.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>State"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without state or
pomp.</def>
<hw>State"li*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
stately manner.</def>
<hw>State"li*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state
of being stately.</def>
<q>For <qex>stateliness</qex> and majesty, what is comparable to
a horse?</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>
<hw>State"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Statelier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Stateliest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Evincing state or dignity;
lofty; majestic; grand; <as>as, <ex>stately</ex>manners; a
<ex>stately</ex> gait</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>stately</xex>
homes of England!\'b8 <au>Mrs. Hemans</au>. \'bdFilled with
<xex>stately</xex> temples.\'b8 <au>Prescott</au>.
<q>Here is a <qex>stately</qex> style indeed!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Lofty; dignified; majestic; grand; august;
magnificent.</syn>
<hw>State"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Majestically;
loftily.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>State"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of stating, reciting, or presenting, orally or in
paper; <as>as, to interrupt a speaker in the <ex>statement</ex>
of his case</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is stated; a formal embodiment in
language of facts or opinions; a narrative; a recital.</def>
\'bdAdmirable perspicuity of <xex>statement</xex>!\'b8
<au>Brougham.</au>
<hw>State"mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
versed in politics, or one who dabbles in state affairs.</def>
<hw>State`pris"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under
<er>State</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>
<hw>Stat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
states.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sta"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stater</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld>
<def>The principal gold coin of ancient Grece. It varied much in
value, the stater best known at Athens being worth about \'9c1
2s., or about $5.35. The Attic silver tetradrachm was in later
times called <xex>stater</xex>.</def>
<hw>State"room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A magnificent room in a place or great house.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small apartment for lodging or sleeping in the
cabin, or on the deck, of a vessel; also, a somewhat similar
apartment in a railway sleeping car.</def>
<hw>States"-gen"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>In France, before the Revolution, the assembly
of the three orders of the kingdom, namely, the clergy, the
nobility, and the third estate, or commonalty.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the Netherlands, the legislative body,
composed of two chambers.</def>
<hw>States"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Statesmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A man
versed in public affairs and in the principles and art of
government; especially, one eminent for political
abilities.</def>
<q>The minds of some of our <qex>statesmen</qex>, like the pupil
of the human eye, contract themselves the more, the stronger
light there is shed upon them.</q>
<qau>More.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One occupied with the affairs of government, and
influental in shaping its policy.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small landholder.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>States"man*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the manner or wisdom of statesmen; becoming a statesman.</def>
<hw>States"man*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Becoming a
statesman.</def>
<hw>States"man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The qualifications,
duties, or employments of a statesman.</def>
<hw>States"wom`an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stateswomen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A woman
concerned in public affairs.</def>
<q>A rare <qex>stateswoman</qex>; I admire her bearing.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<hw>Stath"mo*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
a measuring line + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A contrivance
for recording the speed of a railway train.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stat"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ causing to
stand, skilled in weighing, fr. <?/ to cause to stand: cf. F.
<ets>statique</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf.
<er>Stage</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Resting; acting by mere
weight without motion; <as>as, <ex>statical</ex> pressure;
<ex>static</ex> objects.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to bodies at rest or in
equilibrium.</def>
<cs><col>Statical electricity</col>. <cd>See Note under
<er>Electricity</er>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Statical moment</col>.
<cd>See under <er>Moment</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a statical
manner.</def>
<hw>Stat"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>statique</ets>, Gr. <?/ the art of weighing, fr. <?/. See
<er>Static</er>.]</ety> <def>That branch of mechanics which
treats of the equilibrium of forces, or relates to bodies as held
at rest by the forces acting on them; -- distinguished from
<xex>dynamics</xex>.</def>
<cs><col>Social statics</col>, <cd>the study of the conditions
which concern the existence and permanence of the social
state.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stat"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of one
who states anything; statement; <as>as, the <ex>stating</ex>of
one's opinions</as>.</def>
<hw>Sta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>statio</ets>, from <ets>stare</ets>, <ets>statum</ets>, to
stand. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
standing; also, attitude or pose in standing; posture.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>A <qex>station</qex> like the herald, Mercury.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Their manner was to stand at prayer, whereupon their meetings
unto that purpose . . . had the names of <qex>stations</qex>
given them.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state of standing or rest; equilibrium.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>All progression is performed by drawing on or impelling
forward some part which was before in <qex>station</qex>, or at
quiet.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The spot or place where anything stands,
especially where a person or thing habitually stands, or is
appointed to remain for a time; <as>as, the <ex>station</ex> of a
sentinel</as>.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A regular
stopping place in a stage road or route; a place where railroad
trains regularly come to a stand, for the convenience of
passengers, taking in fuel, moving freight, etc.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The headquarters of the police force of any
precinct.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The place at which an
instrument is planted, or observations are made, as in
surveying.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The
particular place, or kind of situation, in which a species
naturally occurs; a habitat.</def> <sd>(e)</sd>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A place to which ships may resort, and
where they may anchor safely.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A place or
region to which a government ship or fleet is assigned for
duty.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A place
calculated for the rendezvous of troops, or for the distribution
of them; also, a spot well adapted for offensive measures.
<au>Wilhelm</au> <fld>(Mil. Dict.)</fld>.</def> <sd>(h)</sd>
<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An enlargement in a shaft or galley,
used as a landing, or passing place, or for the accomodation of a
pump, tank, etc.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Post assigned; office; the part or department of
public duty which a person is appointed to perform; sphere of
duty or occupation; employment.</def>
<q>By spending this day [Sunday] in religious exercises, we
acquire new strength and resolution to perform God's will in our
several <qex>stations</qex> the week following.</q>
<qau>R. Nelson.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Situation; position; location.</def>
<q>The fig and date -- why love they to remain
In middle <qex>station</qex>, and an even plain?</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>State; rank; condition of life; social
status.</def>
<q>The greater part have kept, I see,
Their <qex>station</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>They in France of the best rank and <qex>station</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fast of the
fourth and sixth days of the week, Wednesday and Friday, in
memory of the council which condemned Christ, and of his
passion.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A church
in which the procession of the clergy halts on stated days to say
stated prayers.</def> <au>Addis & Arnold</au>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>One of the places at which ecclesiastical processions pause
for the performance of an act of devotion; formerly, the tomb of
a martyr, or some similarly consecrated spot; now, especially,
one of those representations of the successive stages of our
Lord's passion which are often placed round the naves of large
churches and by the side of the way leading to sacred edifices or
shrines, and which are visited in rotation, stated services being
performed at each; -- called also <altname>Station of the
cross</altname>.</def> <au>Fairholt</au>.
<cs><col>Station bill</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<cref>Quarter bill</cref>, under <er>Quarter</er>.</cd> --
<col>Station house</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The house serving for
the headquarters of the police assigned to a certain district,
and as a place of temporary confinement</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>The house used as a shelter at a railway station.</cd> --
<col>Station master</col>, <cd>one who has charge of a station,
esp. of a railway station.</cd> -- <col>Station pointer</col>
<fld>(Surv.)</fld>, <cd>an instrument for locating on a chart the
position of a place from which the angles subtended by three
distant objects, whose positions are known, have been
observed.</cd> -- <col>Station staff</col> <fld>(Surv.)</fld>,
<cd>an instrument for taking angles in surveying.
<au>Craig</au>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Station</er>, <er>Depot</er>.</syn> <usage> In
the United States, a stopping place on a railway for passengers
and freight is commonly called a <xex>depot</xex>: but to a
considerable extent in official use, and in common speech, the
more appropriate name, <xex>station</xex>, has been
adopted.</usage>
<hw>Sta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stationed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stationing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To place; to set; to
appoint or assign to the occupation of a post, place, or office;
<as>as, to <ex>station</ex> troops on the right of an army; to
<ex>station</ex> a sentinel on a rampart; to <ex>station</ex>
ships on the coasts of Africa</as>.</def>
<q>He gained the brow of the hill, where the English phalanx was
<qex>stationed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Lyttelton.</qau>
<hw>Sta"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stationalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>stationnale</ets>
(<ets>\'82glise</ets>).]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a
station.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sta"tion*a*ri*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being stationary; fixity.</def>
<hw>Sta"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stationarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>stationnaire</ets>. Cf.
<er>Stationer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not moving; not
appearing to move; stable; fixed.</def>
<q>Charles Wesley, who is a more <qex>stationary</qex> man, does
not believe the story.</q>
<qau>Southey.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not improving or getting worse; not growing
wiser, greater, better, more excellent, or the contrary.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Appearing to be at rest, because moving in the
line of vision; not progressive or retrograde, as a planet.</def>
<cs><col>Stationary air</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the air
which under ordinary circumstances does not leave the lungs in
respiration.</cd> -- <col>Stationary engine</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>A steam engine thet is permanently placed, in distinction
from a portable engine, locomotive, marine engine, etc.</cd>
Specifically: <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A factory engine, in distinction
from a blowing, pumping, or other kind of engine which is also
permanently placed.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sta"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-ries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who, or that
which, is stationary, as a planet when apparently it has neither
progressive nor retrograde motion.</def>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Sta"tion*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Stationary</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
bookseller or publisher; -- formerly so called from his occupying
a stand, or <xex>station</xex>, in the market place or
elsewhere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who sells paper, pens, quills, inkstands,
pencils, blank books, and other articles used in writing.</def>
<hw>Sta"tion*er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
articles usually sold by stationers, as paper, pens, ink, quills,
blank books, etc.</def>
<hw>Sta"tion*er*y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to, or sold
by, a stationer.</def>
<hw>Sta"tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>State</er>.]</ety> <def>The art of governing a state;
statecraft; policy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The enemies of God . . . call our religion
<qex>statism</qex>.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Sta"tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>State</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A statesman; a
politician; one skilled in government.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Statists</qex> indeed,
And lovers of their country.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A statistician.</def>
<au>Fawcett.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sta*tis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sta*tis"tic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>statistique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to
statistics; <as>as, <ex>statistical</ex> knowledge,
<ex>statistical</ex> tabulation</as>.</def>
<hw>Sta*tis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the way of
statistics.</def>
<hw>Stat`is*ti"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>statisticien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in statistics;
one who collects and classifies facts for statistics.</def>
<hw>Sta*tis"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>statistique</ets>, G. <ets>statistik</ets>. See
<er>State</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The science
which has to do with the collection and classification of certain
facts respecting the condition of the people in a state.</def>
<note>[In this sense gramatically singular.]</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Classified facts respecting the
condition of the people in a state, their health, their
longevity, domestic economy, arts, property, and political
strength, their resources, the state of the country, etc., or
respecting any particular class or interest; especially, those
facts which can be stated in numbers, or in tables of numbers, or
in any tabular and classified arrangement.</def>
<-- 3. <def>The branch of mathematics which studies methods for
the calculation of probabilities.</def> -->
<hw>Stat`is*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Statistics</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>See
<er>Statistics</er>, 2.</def>
<hw>Sta"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stativus</ets>, fr. <ets>stare</ets>, <ets>statum</ets>, to
stand.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a fixed
camp, or military posts or quarters.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
R.]</mark>
<hw>Stat"o*blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
standing (<ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., remaining) +
<ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a
peculiar kind of internal buds, or germs, produced in the
interior of certain Bryozoa and sponges, especially in the
fresh-water species; -- also called <altname>winter
buds</altname>.</def>
<note><hand/ They are protected by a firm covering, and are
usually destined to perpetuate the species during the winter
season. They burst open and develop in the spring. In some
fresh-water sponges they serve to preserve the species during the
dry season. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Phylactol\'91mata</er>.</note>
<hw>Sta*toc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>State</ets> + <ets>-cracy</ets>, as in
<ets>democracy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Government by the state, or by
political power, in distinction from government by ecclesiastical
power.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>O. A. Brownson.</au>
<hw>Stat"u*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>A statue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They spake not a word;
But, like dumb <qex>statuas</qex> or breathing stones,
Gazed each on other.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Stat"u*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Statuaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>statuarius</ets>, n., fr. <ets>statuarius</ets>, a., of or
belonging to statues, fr. <ets>statua</ets> statue: cf. F.
<ets>statuaire</ets>. See <er>Statue</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who practices the art of making statues.</def>
<q>On other occasions the <qex>statuaries</qex> took their
subjects from the poets.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[L. <ets>statuaria</ets> (sc. <ets>ars</ets>):
cf. F. <ets>statuaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of carving
statues or images as representatives of real persons or things; a
branch of sculpture.</def>
<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A collection of statues; statues,
collectively.</def>
<hw>Stat"ue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>statua</ets> (akin to <ets>stativus</ets> standing still),
fr. <ets>stare</ets>, <ets>statum</ets>, to stand. See
<er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The likeness of a living
being sculptured or modeled in some solid substance, as marble,
bronze, or wax; an image; <as>as, a <ex>statue</ex> of Hercules,
or of a lion</as>.</def>
<q>I will raise her <qex>statue</qex> in pure gold.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A portrait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Massinger.</au>
<hw>Stat"ue</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Statued</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Statuing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To place, as a
statue; to form a statue of; to make into a statue.</def> \'bdThe
whole man becomes as if <xex>statued</xex> into stone and
earth.\'b8
<au>Feltham.</au>
<hw>Stat"ued</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Adorned with
statues.</def> \'bdThe <xex>statued</xex> hall.\'b8
<au>Longfellow</au>. \'bd<xex>Statued</xex> niches.\'b8 <au>G.
Eliot</au>.
<hw>Stat"ue*less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a
statue.</def>
<hw>Stat"ue*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a
statue; motionless.</def>
<hw>Stat`u*esque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Partaking
of, or exemplifying, the characteristics of a statue; having the
symmetry, or other excellence, of a statue artistically made;
<as>as, <ex>statuesque</ex>limbs; a <ex>statuesque</ex>
attitude</as>.</def>
<q>Their characters are mostly <qex>statuesque</qex> even in this
respect, that they have no background.</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>
<hw>Stat`u*esque"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a statuesque
manner; in a way suggestive of a statue; like a statue.</def>
<q>A character <qex>statuesquely</qex> simple in its details.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<hw>Stat`u*ette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., cf.
It. <ets>statuetta</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small statue; -- usually
applied to a figure much less than life size, especially when of
marble or bronze, or of plaster or clay as a preparation for the
marble or bronze, as distinguished from a figure in terra cotta
or the like. Cf. <er>Figurine</er>.</def>
<hw>Sta*tu"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>statuminatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>statuminare</ets> to prop,
fr. <ets>statumen</ets> a prop, fr. <ets>statuere</ets> to
place.]</ety> <def>To prop or support.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Stat"ure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>stature</ets>, OF. <ets>estature</ets>, from L.
<ets>statura</ets>, originally, an upright posture, hence, height
or size of the body, from <ets>stare</ets>, <ets>statum</ets>, to
stand. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>The natural height of an
animal body; -- generally used of the human body.</def>
<q>Foreign men of mighty <qex>stature</qex> came.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Stat"ured</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Arrived at
full stature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sta"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>State; condition; position of affairs.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Sta"tus in` quo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>\'d8Sta"tus quo"</hw> }</mhw>. <ety>[L., state in
which.]</ety> <def>The state in which anything is already. The
phrase is also used retrospectively, as when, on a treaty of
place, matters return to the <xex>status quo ante bellum</xex>,
or are left <xex>in statu quo ante bellum</xex>, i.e., the state
(or, in the state) before the war.</def><-- usu. status quo -->
<hw>Stat"u*ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Made or introduced by statute; proceeding from an act of the
legistature; <as>as, a <ex>statutable</ex> provision or
remedy</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Made or being in conformity to statute;
standard; <as>as, <ex>statutable</ex> measures</as>.</def>
<hw>Stat"u*ta*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Conformably to
statute.</def>
<hw>Stat"ute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>statut</ets>, LL. <ets>statutum</ets>, from L.
<ets>statutus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>statuere</ets> to set, station,
ordain, fr. <ets>status</ets> position, station, fr.
<ets>stare</ets>, <ets>statum</ets>, to stand. See
<er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>Constitute</er>,
<er>Destitute</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An act of the
legislature of a state or country, declaring, commanding, or
prohibiting something; a positive law; the written will of the
legislature expressed with all the requisite forms of
legislation; -- used in distinction fraom <cref>common
law</cref>. See <cref>Common law</cref>, under <er>Common</er>,
<pos>a.</pos></def>
<au>Bouvier.</au>
<note><hand/ <xex>Statute</xex> is commonly applied to the acts
of a legislative body consisting of representatives. In
monarchies, legislature laws of the sovereign are called
<xex>edicts</xex>, <xex>decrees</xex>, <xex>ordinances</xex>,
<xex>rescripts</xex>, etc. In works on international law and in
the Roman law, the term is used as embracing all laws imposed by
competent authority. Statutes in this sense are divided into
statutes real, statutes personal, and statutes mixed;
<xex>statutes real</xex> applying to immovables; <xex>statutes
personal</xex> to movables; and <xex>statutes mixed</xex> to both
classes of property.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act of a corporation or of its founder,
intended as a permanent rule or law; <as>as, the
<ex>statutes</ex> of a university</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An assemblage of farming servants (held possibly
by statute) for the purpose of being hired; -- called also
<altname>statute fair</altname>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> Cf. 3d
<er>Mop</er>, 2.
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<cs><col>Statute book</col>, <cd>a record of laws or legislative
acts.</cd> <au>Blackstone</au>. -- <col>Statute cap</col>, <cd>a
kind of woolen cap; -- so called because enjoined to be worn by a
statute, dated in 1571, in behalf of the trade of cappers.</cd>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Halliwell</au>. -- <col>Statute
fair</col>. <cd>See <er>Statute</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3,
above.</cd> -- <col>Statute labor</col>, <cd>a definite amount of
labor required for the public service in making roads, bridges,
etc., as in certain English colonies.</cd> -- <col>Statute
merchant</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a bond of record
pursuant to the stat. 13 Edw. I., acknowledged in form
prescribed, on which, if not paid at the day, an execution might
be awarded against the body, lands, and goods of the debtor, and
the obligee might hold the lands until out of the rents and
profits of them the debt was satisfied; -- called also a
<altname>pocket judgment</altname>. It is now fallen into
disuse.</cd> <au>Tomlins</au>. <au>Bouvier</au>. -- <col>Statute
mile</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mile</er>.</cd> -- <col>Statute of
limitations</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a statute assigned a
certain time, after which rights can not be enforced by
action.</cd> -- <col>Statute staple</col>, <cd>a bond of record
acknowledged before the mayor of the staple, by virtue of which
the creditor may, on nonpayment, forthwith have execution against
the body, lands, and goods of the debtor, as in the <xex>statute
merchant<xex>. It is now disused. <au>Blackstone</au>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Act; regulation; edict; decree. See
<er>Law</er>.</syn>
<-- p. 1407 -->
<hw>Stat"u*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Enacted by
statute; depending on statute for its authority; <as>as, a
<ex>statutory</ex> provision</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Staunch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Staunch"ly</hw>,
<hw>Staunch"ness</hw>, etc. }</mhw> <def>See <er>Stanch</er>,
<er>Stanchly</er>, etc.</def>
<hw>Stau"ro*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a
cross + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral
of a brown to black color occurring in prismatic crystals, often
twinned so as to form groups resembling a cross. It is a silicate
of aluminia and iron, and is generally found imbedded in mica
schist. Called also <altname>granatite</altname>, and
<altname>grenatite</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stau`ro*lit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to staurolite; resembling
or containing staurolite.</def>
<hw>Stau"ro*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
a cross + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>
<def>An optical instrument used in determining the position of
the planes of light-vibration in sections of crystals.</def>
<hw>Stau"ro*tide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>staurotide</ets>, from Gr. <?/ cruciform (from Gr. <?/ a
cross) + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>Staurolite.</def>
<hw>Stave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Staff</er>, and corresponding to the pl. <ets>staves</ets>.
See <er>Staff</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of a number of
narrow strips of wood, or narrow iron plates, placed edge to edge
to form the sides, covering, or lining of a vessel or structure;
esp., one of the strips which form the sides of a cask, a pail,
etc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the cylindrical bars of a lantern wheel;
one of the bars or rounds of a rack, a ladder, etc.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A metrical portion; a stanza; a staff.</def>
<q>Let us chant a passing <qex>stave</qex>
In honor of that hero brave.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The five horizontal and
parallel lines on and between which musical notes are written or
pointed; the staff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<cs><col>Stave jointer</col>, <cd>a machine for dressing the
edges of staves.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stave</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Staved</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Stove</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Staving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Stave</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, or <er>Staff</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To break in a stave or the staves of; to break a
hole in; to burst; -- often with <xex>in</xex>; <as>as, to
<ex>stave</ex> a cask; to <ex>stave</ex> in a boat.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To push, as with a staff; -- with
<xex>off</xex>.</def>
<q>The condition of a servant <qex>staves</qex> him off to a
distance.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To delay by force or craft; to drive away; --
usually with <xex>off</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>stave</ex> off the
execution of a project</as>.</def>
<q>And answered with such craft as women use,
Guilty or guilties, to <qex>stave</qex> off a chance
That breaks upon them perilously.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To suffer, or cause, to be lost by breaking the
cask.</def>
<q>All the wine in the city has been <qex>staved</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To furnish with staves or rundles.</def>
<au>Knolles.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To render impervious or solid by driving with a
calking iron; <as>as, to <ex>stave</ex> lead, or the joints of
pipes into which lead has been run</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To stave and tail</col>, <cd>in bear baiting, (<xex>to
stave<xex>) to interpose with the staff, doubtless to stop the
bear; (<xex>to tail<xex>) to hold back the dog by the tail.</cd>
<au>Nares.</au></cs>
<hw>Stave</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To burst in pieces by
striking against something; to dash into fragments.</def>
<q>Like a vessel of glass she <qex>stove</qex> and sank.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>Staves</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <def><pos>pl.</pos>
of <er>Staff</er>.</def> \'bdBanners, scarves and
<xex>staves</xex>.\'b8 <au>R. Browning</au>. <def2>Also
<pr>(st<amac/vz)</pr>, <def><pos>pl.</pos> of
<er>Stave</er>.</def></def2>
<hw>Staves"a`cre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted
from NL. <ets>staphis agria</ets>, Gr. <?/ dried grape + <?/
wild.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of larkspur
(<spn>Delphinium Staphysagria</spn>), and its seeds, which are
violently purgative and emetic. They are used as a parasiticide,
and in the East for poisoning fish.</def>
<hw>Stave`wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tall tree (<spn>Simaruba amara</spn>)
growing in tropical America. It is one of the trees which yields
quassia.</def>
<hw>Stav"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cassing or
lining of staves; especially, one encircling a water wheel.</def>
<hw>Staw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.
<ets>staae</ets> to stand, Sw. <ets>st\'86</ets>. \'fb163.]</ety>
<def>To be fixed or set; to stay.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>st\'91g</ets>, akin to D., G., Icel., Sw., & Dan.
<ets>stag</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>estai</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tai</ets>,
of Teutonic origin.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large,
strong rope, employed to support a mast, by being extended from
the head of one mast down to some other, or to some part of the
vessel. Those which lead forward are called <xex>fore-and-aft
stays</xex>; those which lead to the vessel's side are called
<xex>backstays</xex>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Ship</er>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>In stays</col>, <or/ <col>Hove in
stays</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in the act or
situation of staying, or going about from one tack to another.
<au>R. H. Dana, Jr.</au></cd> -- <col>Stay holes</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>openings in the edge of a staysail
through which the hanks pass which join it to the stay.</cd> --
<col>Stay tackle</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a tackle attached
to a stay and used for hoisting or lowering heavy articles over
the side.</cd> -- <col>To miss stays</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>to fail in the attempt to go about.</cd> <au>Totten</au>. --
<col>Triatic stay</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a rope secured at
the ends to the heads of the foremast and mainmast with thimbles
spliced to its bight into which the stay tackles hook.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stayed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>
or <er>Staid</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Staying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>estayer</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82tayer</ets> to prop, fr. OF. <ets>estai</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82tai</ets>, a prop, probably fr. OD. <ets>stade</ets>,
<ets>staeye</ets>, a prop, akin to E. <ets>stead</ets>; or cf.
<ets>stay</ets> a rope to support a mast. Cf. <er>Staid</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>, <er>Stay</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To stop from motion or falling; to prop; to fix firmly; to
hold up; to support.</def>
<q>Aaron and Hur <qex>stayed</qex> up his hands, the one on the
one side, and the other on the other side.</q>
<qau>Ex. xvii. 12.</qau>
<q>Sallows and reeds . . . for vineyards useful found
To <qex>stay</qex> thy vines.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To support from sinking; to sustain with
strength; to satisfy in part or for the time.</def>
<q>He has devoured a whole loaf of bread and butter, and it has
not <qex>staid</qex> his stomach for a minute.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bear up under; to endure; to support; to
resist successfully.</def>
<q>She will not <qex>stay</qex> the siege of loving terms,
Nor bide the encounter of assailing eyes.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To hold from proceeding; to withhold; to
restrain; to stop; to hold.</def>
<q>Him backward overthrew and down him <qex>stayed</qex>
With their rude hands grisly grapplement.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>All that may <qex>stay</qex> their minds from thinking that
true which they heartly wish were false.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To hinde<?/; to delay; to detain; to keep
back.</def>
<q>Your ships are <qex>stayed</qex> at Venice.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>This business <qex>staid</qex> me in London almost a week.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<q>I was willing to <qex>stay</qex> my reader on an argument that
appeared to me new.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To remain for the purpose of; to wait for.</def>
\'bdI <xex>stay</xex> dinner there.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To cause to cease; to put an end to.</def>
<q><qex>Stay</qex> your strife.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>For flattering planets seemed to say
This child should ills of ages <qex>stay</qex>.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>To fasten or secure with
stays; <as>as, to <ex>stay</ex> a flat sheet in a steam
boiler</as>.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To tack, as a vessel, so that
the other side of the vessel shall be presented to the
wind.</def>
<cs><col>To stay a mast</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to incline
it forward or aft, or to one side, by the stays and
backstays.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[\'fb163. See
<er>Stay</er> to hold up, prop.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
remain; to continue in a place; to abide fixed for a space of
time; to stop; to stand still.</def>
<q>She would command the hasty sun to <qex>stay</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q><qex>Stay</qex>, I command you; <qex>stay</qex> and hear me
first.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>I <qex>stay</qex> a little longer, as one <qex>stays</qex>
To cover up the embers that still burn.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To continue in a state.</def>
<q>The flames augment, and <qex>stay</qex>
At their full height, then languish to decay.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To wait; to attend; to forbear to act.</def>
<q>I'll tell thee all my whole device
When I am in my coach, which <qex>stays</qex> for us.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The father can not <qex>stay</qex> any longer for the
fortune.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To dwell; to tarry; to linger.</def>
<q>I must <qex>stay</qex> a little on one action.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To rest; to depend; to rely; to stand; to
insist.</def>
<q>I <qex>stay</qex> here on my bond.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Ye despise this word, and trust in oppression and
perverseness, and <qex>stay</qex> thereon.</q>
<qau>Isa. xxx. 12.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To come to an end; to cease; <as>as, that day
the storm <ex>stayed</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<q>Here my commission <qex>stays</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To hold out in a race or other contest; <as>as,
a horse <ex>stays</ex> well</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To change tack; as a
ship.</def>
<hw>Stay</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>estai</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82tai</ets> support, and E. <ets>stay</ets> a rope to
support a mast.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which serves as a
prop; a support.</def> \'bdMy only strength and
<xex>stay</xex>.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>Trees serve as so many <qex>stays</qex> for their vines.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>Lord Liverpool is the single <qex>stay</qex> of this
ministry.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A corset stiffened with
whalebone or other material, worn by women, and rarely by
men.</def>
<q>How the strait <qex>stays</qex> the slender waist
constrain.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Continuance in a place; abode for a space of
time; sojourn; <as>as, you make a short <ex>stay</ex> in this
city</as>.</def>
<q>Make haste, and leave thy business and thy care;
No mortal interest can be worth thy <qex>stay</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Embrace the hero and his <qex>stay</qex> implore.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Cessation of motion or progression; stand;
stop.</def>
<q>Made of sphere metal, never to decay
Until his revolution was at <qex>stay</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Affairs of state seemed rather to stand at a
<qex>stay</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hayward.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Hindrance; let; check.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They were able to read good authors without any
<qex>stay</qex>, if the book were not false.</q>
<qau>Robynson (more's Utopia).</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Restraint of passion; moderation; caution;
steadiness; sobriety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdNot grudging
that thy lust hath bounds and <xex>stays</xex>.\'b8
<au>Herbert.</au>
<q>The wisdom, <qex>stay</qex>, and moderation of the king.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>With prudent <qex>stay</qex> he long deferred
The rough contention.</q>
<qau>Philips.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>Strictly, a part in tension
to hold the parts together, or stiffen them.</def>
<cs><col>Stay bolt</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a bolt or short
rod, connecting opposite plates, so as to prevent them from being
bulged out when acted upon by a pressure which tends to force
them apart, as in the leg of a steam boiler.</cd> -- <col>Stay
busk</col>, <cd>a stiff piece of wood, steel, or whalebone, for
the front support of a woman's stays. Cf. <er>Busk</er>.</cd> --
<col>Stay rod</col>, <cd>a rod which acts as a stay, particularly
in a steam boiler.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stayed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Staid; fixed;
settled; sober; -- now written <xex>staid</xex>. See
<er>Staid</er>.</def>
<qau>Bacon. Pope.</qau>
<hw>Stayed"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Staidly. See
<er>Staidly</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Stayed"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Staidness.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<au>W. Whately.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Solidity; weight.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Camden.</au>
<hw>Stay"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who upholds
or supports that which props; one who, or that which, stays,
stops, or restrains; also, colloquially, a horse, man, etc., that
has endurance, an a race.</def>
<hw>Stay"lace`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A lace for
fastening stays.</def>
<hw>Stay"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without stop or
delay.</def>
<au>Mir. for Mag.</au>
<hw>Stay"mak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose
occupation is to make stays.</def>
<hw>Stay"nil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European starling.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stay"sail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Any sail extended on a stay.</def>
<hw>Stay"ship`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A remora, -- fabled to stop ships by
attaching itself to them.</def>
<hw>Stead</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stede</ets> place, AS. <ets>stede</ets>; akin to LG. & D.
<ets>stede</ets>, OS. <ets>stad</ets>, <ets>stedi</ets>, OHG.
<ets>stat</ets>, G. <ets>statt</ets>, <ets>st\'84tte</ets>, Icel.
<ets>sta<edh/r</ets>, Dan. <ets>sted</ets>, Sw. <ets>stad</ets>,
Goth. <ets>sta<?/s</ets>, and E. <ets>stand</ets>. \'fb163. See
<er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>Staith</er>, <er>Stithy</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Place, or spot, in general.</def> <mark>[Obs.,
except in composition.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Fly, therefore, fly this fearful <qex>stead</qex> anon.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Place or room which another had, has, or might
have.</def> \'bdStewards of your <xex>steads</xex>.\'b8
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<q>In <qex>stead</qex> of bounds, he a pillar set.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A frame on which a bed is laid; a
bedstead.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The genial bed,
Sallow the feet, the borders, and the <qex>stead</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A farmhouse and offices.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.
& Scot.]</mark>
<note><hand/ The word is now commonly used as the last part of a
compound; as, farm<xex>stead</xex>, home<xex>stead</xex>,
read<xex>stead</xex>, etc.</note>
<cs><col>In stead of</col>, <cd>in place of. See
<er>Instead</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To stand in stead</col>,
<or/ <col>To do stead</col></mcol>, <cd>to be of use or great
advantage.</cd></cs>
<q>The smallest act . . . shall <qex>stand</qex> us <qex>in</qex>
great <qex>stead</qex>.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<q>Here thy sword can <qex>do</qex> thee little
<qex>stead</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Stead</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To help; to
support; to benefit; to assist.</def>
<q>Perhaps my succour or advisement meet,
Mote <qex>stead</qex> you much your purpose to subdue.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>It nothing <qex>steads</qex> us
To chide him from our eaves.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill place of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stead"fast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stead</ets> + <ets>fast</ets>, that is, fast in
place.]</ety> <ety>[Written also <ets>stedfast</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Firmly fixed or established; fast fixed;
firm.</def> \'bdThis <xex>steadfast</xex> globe of earth.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not fickle or wavering; constant; firm;
resolute; unswerving; steady.</def> \'bd<xex>Steadfast</xex>
eye.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Abide <qex>steadfast</qex> unto him [thy neighbor] in the time
of his trouble.</q>
<qau>Ecclus. xxii. 23.</qau>
<q>Whom resist <qex>steadfast</qex> in the faith.</q>
<qau>1 Pet. v. 9.</qau>
<hw>Stead"fast*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a steadfast
manner; firmly.</def>
<q><qex>Steadfast</qex> believe that whatever God has revealed is
infallibly true.</q>
<qau>Wake.</qau>
<hw>Stead"fast*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state
of being steadfast; firmness; fixedness; constancy.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>steadfastness</xex> of your faith.\'b8
<au>Col. ii. 5.</au>
<q>To prove her wifehood and her <qex>steadfastness</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Stead"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
steady manner.</def>
<hw>Stead"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being steady.</def>
<q><qex>Steadiness</qex> is a point of prudence as well as of
courage.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Constancy; resolution; unchangeableness.</syn>
<hw>Stead"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The brans,
stables, cattle-yards, etc., of a farm; -- called also
<altname>onstead</altname>, <altname>farmstead</altname>,
<altname>farm offices</altname>, or
<altname>farmery</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Stead"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Steadier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Steadiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>stedig</ets> sterile, barren, <ets>st\'91<?/<?/ig</ets>,
steady (in <ets>gest\'91<?/<?/ig</ets>), D. <ets>stedig</ets>,
<ets>stadig</ets>, <ets>steeg</ets>, G. <ets>st\'84tig</ets>,
<ets>stetig</ets>. See <er>Stead</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Firm in standing or position; not tottering or
shaking; fixed; firm.</def> \'bdThe softest, <xex>steadiest</xex>
plume.\'b8
<au>Keble.</au>
<q>Their feet <qex>steady</qex>, their hands diligent, their eyes
watchful, and their hearts resolute.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Constant in feeling, purpose, or pursuit; not
fickle, changeable, or wavering; not easily moved or persuaded to
alter a purpose; resolute; <as>as, a man <ex>steady</ex> in his
principles, in his purpose, or in the pursuit of an
object</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Regular; constant; undeviating; uniform; <as>as,
the <ex>steady</ex> course of the sun; a <ex>steady</ex> breeze
of wind.</as></def>
<syn>Syn. -- Fixed; regular; uniform; undeviating; invariable;
unremitted; stable.</syn>
<cs><col>Steady rest</col> <fld>(Mach)</fld>, <cd>a rest in a
turning lathe, to keep a long piece of work from
trembling.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stead"y</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Steadied</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Steadying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make steady; to
hold or keep from shaking, reeling, or falling; to make or keep
firm; to support; to make constant, regular, or resolute.</def>
<hw>Stead"y</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become steady; to
regain a steady position or state; to move steadily.</def>
<q>Without a breeze, without a tide,
She <qex>steadies</qex> with upright keel.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Steak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>steike</ets>, Icel. <ets>steik</ets>, akin to Icel.
<ets>steikja</ets> to roast, <ets>stikna</ets> to be roasted or
scorched, and E. <ets>stick</ets>, the steak being broiled on a
spit. See <er>Stick</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A slice of
beef, broiled, or cut for broiling; -- also extended to the meat
of other large animals; <as>as, venison <ex>steak</ex>; bear
<ex>steak</ex>; pork <ex>steak</ex>; turtle
<ex>steak</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Steal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stale</er> a handle.]</ety> <def>A handle; a stale, or
stele.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<q>And in his hand a huge poleax did bear.
Whose <qex>steale</qex> was iron-studded but not long.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Steal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Stole</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Stolen</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stelen</ets>, AS.
<ets>stelan</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>stela</ets>, D.
<ets>stelen</ets>, OHG. <ets>stelan</ets>, G. <ets>stehlen</ets>,
Icel. <ets>stela</ets>, SW. <ets>stj\'84la</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sti\'91le</ets>, Goth. <ets>stilan</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To take and carry away, feloniously; to take without right
or leave, and with intent to keep wrongfully; <as>as, to
<ex>steal</ex> the personal goods of another</as>.</def>
<q>Maugre thy heed, thou must for indigence
Or <qex>steal</qex>, or borrow, thy dispense.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The man who <qex>stole</qex> a goose and gave away the giblets
in <?/lms.</q>
<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To withdraw or convey clandestinely (reflexive);
hence, to creep furtively, or to insinuate.</def>
<q>They could insinuate and <qex>steal</qex> themselves under the
same by their humble carriage and submission.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>He will <qex>steal</qex> himself into a man's favor.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To gain by insinuating arts or covert
means.</def>
<q>So Absalom <qex>stole</qex> the hearts of the men of
Israel.</q>
<qau>2 Sam. xv. 6.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To get into one's power gradually and by
imperceptible degrees; to take possession of by a gradual and
imperceptible appropriation; -- with <xex>away</xex>.</def>
<q>Variety of objects has a tendency to <qex>steal</qex> away the
mind from its steady pursuit of any subject.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To accomplish in a concealed or unobserved
manner; to try to carry out secretly; <as>as, to <ex>steal</ex> a
look</as>.</def>
<q>Always, when thou changest thine opinion or course, profess it
plainly, . . . and do not think to <qex>steal</qex> it.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<cs><col>To steal a march</col>, <cd>to march in a covert way; to
gain an advantage unobserved; -- formerly followed by
<xex>of<xex>, but now by <xex>on<xex> or <xex>upon<xex>, and
sometimes by <xex>over<xex>; as, <xex>to steal a march<xex> upon
one's political rivals.</cd></cs>
<q>She yesterday wanted <qex>to steal a march</qex> of poor
Liddy.</q>
<qau>Smollett.</qau>
<q>Fifty thousand men can not easily <qex>steal a march</qex>
over the sea.</q>
<qau>Walpole.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To filch; pilfer; purloin; thieve.</syn>
<-- p. 1408 -->
<hw>Steal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
practice, or be guilty of, theft; to commit larceny or
theft.</def>
<q>Thou shalt not <qex>steal</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ex. xx. 15.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To withdraw, or pass privily; to slip in, along,
or away, unperceived; to go or come furtively.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Fixed of mind to avoid further entreaty, and to fly all
company, one night she <qex>stole</qex> away.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<q>From whom you now must <qex>steal</qex>, and take no
leave.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>A soft and solemn breathing sound
Rose like a steam of rich, distilled perfumes,
And <qex>stole</qex> upon the air.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Steal"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who steals; a thief.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>The endmost plank of a
strake which stops short of the stem or stern.</def>
<hw>Steal"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
taking feloniously the personal property of another without his
consent and knowledge; theft; larceny.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is stolen; stolen property; --
chiefly used in the plural.</def>
<hw>Steal"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By stealing, or as by
stealing, furtively, or by an invisible motion.</def>
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<hw>Stealth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>staple</ets>. See <er>Steal</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of stealing; theft.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The owner proveth the <qex>stealth</qex> to have been
committed upon him by such an outlaw.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thing stolen; stolen property.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSluttish dens . . . serving to cover
<xex>stealths</xex>.\'b8
<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The bringing to pass anything in a secret or
concealed manner; a secret procedure; a clandestine practice or
action; -- in either a good or a bad sense.</def>
<q>Do good by <qex>stealth</qex>, and blush to find it fame.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>The monarch, blinded with desire of wealth,
With steel invades the brother's life by <qex>stealth</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>I told him of your <qex>stealth</qex> unto this wood.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Stealth"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Given to
stealth; stealthy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --
<wordforms><wf>Stealth"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wf>Stealth"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>
<hw>Stealth"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
stealthy manner.</def>
<hw>Stealth"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state, quality,
or character of being stealthy; stealth.</def>
<hw>Stealth"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stealthy;
sly.</def>
<au>Wordsworth.</au>
<hw>Stealth"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Stealthier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Stealthiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Done
by stealth; accomplished clandestinely; unperceived; secret;
furtive; sly.</def>
<q>[Withered murder] with his <qex>stealthy</qex> pace, . . .
Moves like a ghost.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Steam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stem</ets>, <ets>steem</ets>, vapor, flame, AS.
<ets>ste\'a0m</ets> vapor, smoke, odor; akin to D.
<ets>stoom</ets> steam, perhaps originally, a pillar, or
something rising like a pillar; cf. Gr. <?/ to erect, <?/ a
pillar, and E. <ets>stand</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
elastic, a\'89riform fluid into which water is converted when
heated to the boiling points; water in the state of vapor.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The mist formed by condensed vapor; visible
vapor; -- so called in popular usage.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any exhalation.</def> \'bdA <xex>steam</xex> og
rich, distilled perfumes.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<cs><col>Dry steam</col>, <cd>steam which does not contain water
held in suspension mechanically; -- sometimes applied to
superheated steam.</cd> -- <col>Exhaust steam</col>. <cd>See
under <er>Exhaust</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>High steam</col>, <or/
<col>High-pressure steam</col></mcol>, <cd>steam of which the
pressure greatly exceeds that of the atmosphere.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Low steam</col>, <or/ <col>Low-pressure
steam</col></mcol>, <cd>steam of which the pressure is less than,
equal to, or not greatly above, that of the atmosphere.</cd> --
<col>Saturated steam</col>, <cd>steam at the temperature of the
boiling point which corresponds to its pressure; -- sometimes
also applied to <altname>wet steam</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Superheated steam</col>, <cd>steam heated to a temperature
higher than the boiling point corresponding to its pressure. It
can not exist in contact with water, nor contain water, and
resembles a perfect gas; -- called also <altname>surcharged
steam</altname>, <altname>anhydrous steam</altname>, and
<altname>steam gas</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Wet steam</col>,
<cd>steam which contains water held in suspension mechanically;
-- called also <altname>misty steam</altname>.</cd></cs>
<note><hand/ <xex>Steam</xex> is often used adjectively, and in
combination, to denote, <xex>produced by heat</xex>, or
<xex>operated by power</xex>, <xex>derived from steam</xex>, in
distinction from other sources of power; as in <xex>steam</xex>
boiler or <xex>steam</xex>-boiler, <xex>steam</xex> dredger or
<xex>steam</xex>-dredger, <xex>steam</xex> engine or
<xex>steam</xex>-engine, <xex>steam</xex> heat, <xex>steam</xex>
plow or <xex>steam</xex>-plow, etc.</note>
<cs><col>Steam blower</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A blower for
producing a draught consisting of a jet or jets of steam in a
chimney or under a fire</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A fan blower
driven directly by a steam engine.</cd> -- <col>Steam
boiler</col>, <cd>a boiler for producing steam. See
<er>Boiler</er>, 3, and Note. In the illustration, the shell
<xex>a<xex> of the boiler is partly in section, showing the
tubes, or flues, which the hot gases, from the fire beneath the
boiler, enter, after traversing the outside of the shell, and
through which the gases are led to the smoke pipe <xex>d<xex>,
which delivers them to the chimney; <xex>b<xex> is the manhole;
<xex>c<xex> the dome; <xex>e<xex> the steam pipe; <xex>f<xex> the
feed and blow-off pipe; <xex>g<xex> the safety value;
<xex>h<xex>the water gauge.</cd> -- <col>Steam car</col>, <cd>a
car driven by steam power, or drawn by a locomotive.</cd> --
<col>Steam carriage</col>, <cd>a carriage upon wheels moved on
common roads by steam.</cd> -- <col>Steam casing</col>. <cd>See
<cref>Steam jacket</cref>, under <er>Jacket</er>.</cd> --
<col>Steam chest</col>, <cd>the box or chamber from which steam
is distributed to the cylinder of a steam engine, steam pump,
etc., and which usually contains one or more values; -- called
also <altname>valve chest</altname>, and <altname>valve
box</altname>. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of <cref>Slide
valve</cref>, under <er>Slide</er>.</cd> -- <col>Steam
chimney</col>, <cd>an annular chamber around the chimney of a
boiler furnace, for drying steam.</cd> -- <col>Steam coil</col>,
<cd>a coil of pipe, or collection of connected pipes, for
containing steam; -- used for heating, drying, etc.</cd> --
<col>Steam colors</col> <fld>(Calico Printing)</fld>, <cd>colors
in which the chemical reaction fixed the coloring matter in the
fiber is produced by steam.</cd> -- <col>Steam cylinder</col>,
<cd>the cylinder of a steam engine, which contains the piston.
See <xex>Illust<xex>. of <cref>Slide valve</cref>, under
<er>Slide</er>.</cd> -- <col>Steam dome</col> <fld>(Steam
Boilers)</fld>, <cd>a chamber upon the top of the boiler, from
which steam is conduced to the engine. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<xex>Steam boiler<xex>, above.</cd> -- <col>Steam fire
engine</col>, <cd>a fire engine consisting of a steam boiler and
engine, and pump which is driven by the engine, combined and
mounted on wheels. It is usually drawn by horses, but is
sometimes made self-propelling.</cd> -- <col>Steam fitter</col>,
<cd>a fitter of steam pipes.</cd> -- <col>Steam fitting</col>,
<cd>the act or the occupation of a steam fitter; also, a pipe
fitting for steam pipes.</cd> -- <col>Steam gas</col>. <cd>See
<cref>Superheated steam</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Steam
gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for indicating the pressure of the
steam in a boiler. The <stype>mercurial steam gauge</stype> is a
bent tube partially filled with mercury, one end of which is
connected with the boiler while the other is open to the air, so
that the steam by its pressure raises the mercury in the long
limb of the tume to a height proportioned to that pressure. A
more common form, especially for high pressures, consists of a
spring pressed upon by the steam, and connected with the pointer
of a dial. The spring may be a flattened, bent tube, closed at
one end, which the entering steam tends to straighten, or it may
be a diaphragm of elastic metal, or a mass of confined air,
etc.</cd> -- <col>Steam gun</col>, <cd>a machine or contrivance
from which projectiles may be thrown by the elastic force of
steam.</cd> -- <col>Steam hammer</col>, <cd>a hammer for forging,
which is worked directly by steam; especially, a hammer which is
guided vertically and operated by a vertical steam cylinder
located directly over an anvil. In the variety known as
<xex>Nasmyth's<xex>, the cylinder is fixed, and the hammer is
attached to the piston rod. In that known as <xex>Condie's<xex>,
the piston is fixed, and the hammer attached to the lower end of
the cylinder.</cd> -- <col>Steam heater</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A
radiator heated by steam</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An apparatus
consisting of a steam boiler, radiator, piping, and fixures for
warming a house by steam.</cd> -- <col>Steam jacket</col>.
<cd>See under <er>Jacket</er>.</cd> -- <col>Steam packet</col>,
<cd>a packet or vessel propelled by steam, and running
periodically between certain ports.</cd> -- <col>Steam
pipe</col>, <cd>any pipe for conveying steam; specifically, a
pipe through which steam is supplied to an engine.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Steam plow</col> <or/ <col>plough</col></mcol>, <cd>a
plow, or gang of plows, moved by a steam engine.</cd> --
<col>Steam port</col>, <cd>an opening for steam to pass through,
as from the steam chest into the cylinder.</cd> -- <col>Steam
power</col>, <cd>the force or energy of steam applied to produce
results; power derived from a steam engine.</cd> -- <col>Steam
propeller</col>. <cd>See <er>Propeller</er>.</cd> -- <col>Steam
pump</col>, <cd>a small pumping engine operated by steam. It is
usually direct-acting.</cd> -- <col>Steam room</col> <fld>(Steam
Boilers)</fld>, <cd>the space in the boiler above the water
level, and in the dome, which contains steam.</cd> -- <col>Steam
table</col>, <cd>a table on which are dishes heated by steam for
keeping food warm in the carving room of a hotel, restaurant,
etc.</cd> -- <col>Steam trap</col>, <cd>a self-acting device by
means of which water that accumulates in a pipe or vessel
containing steam will be discharged without permitting steam to
escape.</cd> -- <col>Steam tug</col>, <cd>a steam vessel used in
towing or propelling ships.</cd> -- <col>Steam vessel</col>,
<cd>a vessel propelled by steam; a steamboat or steamship; -- a
steamer.</cd> -- <col>Steam whistle</col>, <cd>an apparatus
attached to a steam boiler, as of a locomotive, through which
steam is rapidly discharged, producing a loud whistle which
serves as a warning signal. The steam issues from a narrow
annular orifice around the upper edge of the lower cup or
hemisphere, striking the thin edge of the bell above it, and
producing sound in the manner of an organ pipe or a common
whistle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Steam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Steamed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Steaming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit steam or
vapor.</def>
<q>My brother's ghost hangs hovering there,
O'er his warm blood, that <qex>steams</qex> into the air.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Let the crude humors dance
In heated brass, <qex>steaming</qex> with fire intence.</q>
<qau>J. Philips.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rise in vapor; to issue, or pass off, as
vapor.</def>
<q>The dissolved amber . . . <qex>steamed</qex> away into the
air.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To move or travel by the agency of steam.</def>
<q>The vessel <qex>steamed</qex> out of port.</q>
<qau>N. P. Willis.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To generate steam; <as>as, the boiler
<ex>steams</ex> well</as>.</def>
<hw>Steam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
exhale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To expose to the action of steam; to apply steam
to for softening, dressing, or preparing; <as>as, to
<ex>steam</ex> wood; to <ex>steam</ex>cloth; to <ex>steam</ex>
food, etc</as>.</def>
<hw>Steam"boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boat or
vessel propelled by steam power; -- generally used of river or
coasting craft, as distinguished from ocean steamers.</def>
<hw>Steam"boat`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
occupation or business of running a steamboat, or of transporting
merchandise, passengers, etc., by steamboats.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>The shearing of a pile
of books which are as yet uncovered, or out of boards.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Steam" en"gine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>An engine moved by
steam.</def>
<note><hand/ In its most common forms its essential parts are a
<xex>piston</xex>, a <xex>cylinder</xex>, and a <xex>valve
gear</xex>. The piston works in the cylinder, to which steam is
admitted by the action of the valve gear, and communicates motion
to the machinery to be actuated. Steam engines are thus
classified: 1. According to the wat the steam is used or applied,
as <xex>condencing</xex>, <xex>noncondencing</xex>,
<xex>compound</xex>, <xex>double-acting</xex>,
<xex>single-acting</xex>, <xex>triple-expansion</xex>, etc. 2.
According to the motion of the piston, as
<xex>reciprocating</xex>, <xex>rotary</xex>, etc. 3. According to
the motion imparted by the engine, as <xex>rotative</xex> and
<xex>nonrotative</xex>. 4. According to the arrangement of the
engine, as <xex>stationary</xex>, <xex>portable</xex>, and
<xex>semiportable</xex> engines, <xex>beam</xex> engine,
<xex>oscillating</xex> engine, <xex>direct-acting</xex> and
<xex>back-acting</xex> engines, etc. 5. According to their uses,
as <xex>portable</xex>, <xex>marine</xex>, <xex>locomotive</xex>,
<xex>pumping</xex>, <xex>blowing</xex>, <xex>winding</xex>, and
<xex>stationary</xex> engines. <xex>Locomotive</xex> and
<xex>portable</xex> engines are usually high-pressure,
noncondencing, rotative, and direct-acting. <xex>Marine</xex>
engines are high or low pressure, rotative, and generally
condencing, double-acting, and compound. <xex>Paddle</xex>
engines are generally beam, side<?/lever, oscillating, or
direct-acting. <xex>Screw</xex> engines are generally
direct-acting, back-acting, or oscillating. <xex>Stationary</xex>
engines belong to various classes, but are generally rotative. A
horizontal or inclined stationary steam engine is called a
<xex>left-hand</xex> or a <xex>right-hand</xex> engine when the
crank shaft and driving pulley are on the left-hand side, or the
right-hand side, respectively, or the engine, to a person looking
at them from the cylinder, and is said to run <xex>forward</xex>
or <xex>backward</xex> when the crank traverses the upward half,
or lower half, respectively, of its path, while the piston rod
makes its stroke outward from the cylinder. A marine engine, or
the engine of a locomotive, is said to run forward when its
motion is such as would propel the vessel or the locomotive
forward. Steam engines are further classified as
<xex>double-cylinder</xex>, <xex>disk</xex>,
<xex>semicylinder</xex>, <xex>trunk</xex> engines, etc. Machines,
such as cranes, hammers, etc., of which the steam engine forms a
part, are called <xex>steam cranes</xex>, <xex>steam
hammers</xex>, etc. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in
Appendix.</note>
<cs><mcol><col>Back-acting</col>, <or/ <col>Back-action</col>,
<col>steam engine</col></mcol>, <cd>a steam engine in which the
motion is transmitted backward from the crosshead to a crank
which is between the crosshead and the cylinder, or beyond the
cylinder.</cd> -- <col>Portable steam engine</col>, <cd>a steam
engine combined with, and attached to, a boiler which is mounted
on wheels so as to admit of easy transportation; -- used for
driving machinery in the field, as trashing machines, draining
pumps, etc.</cd> -- <col>Semiportable steam engine</col>, <cd>a
steam engine combined with, and attached to, a steam boiler, but
not mounted on wheels.</cd></cs>
<hw>Steam"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
vessel propelled by steam; a steamship or steamboat.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A steam fire engine. See under
<er>Steam</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A road locomotive for use on common roads, as in
agricultural operations.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A vessel in which articles are subjected to the
action of steam, as in washing, in cookery, and in various
processes of manufacture.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The steamer duck.</def>
<cs><col>Steamer duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sea duck
(<spn>Tachyeres cinereus</spn>), native of Patagonia and Terra
del Fuego, which swims and dives with great agility, but which,
when full grown, is incapable of flight, owing to its very small
wings. Called also <altname>loggerhead</altname>, <altname>race
horse</altname>, and <altname>side wheel
duck</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Steam"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or condition of being steamy; vaporousness;
mistness.</def>
<hw>Steam"ship`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A ship or
seagoing vessel propelled by the power of steam; a steamer.</def>
<hw>Steam"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of,
or resembling, steam; full of steam; vaporous; misty.</def>
<au>Cowper.</au>
<hw>Stean</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Steen</er>.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Stean"ingp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Steening</er>.</def>
<hw>Ste*ap"sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol
Chem.)</fld> <def>An unorganized ferment or enzyme present in
pancreatic juice. It decomposes neutral fats into glycerin and
fatty acids.</def>
<hw>Ste"a*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of stearic acid; <as>as, ordinary
soap consists largely of sodium or potassium
<ex>stearates</ex></as>.</def>
<-- p. 1409 -->
<hw>Ste*ar"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>st\'82arique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>
<def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, stearin or tallow;
resembling tallow.</def>
<cs><col>Stearic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a monobasic
fatty acid, obtained in the form of white crystalline scales,
soluble in alcohol and ether. It melts to an oily liquid at
69\'f8C.</cd></cs><-- b.p. 383<deg/. <chform>C18H36O2</chform>,
<chform>CH3.(CH2)16.COOH</chform>; sodium stearate, with sodium
palmitate, is the main component of ordinary bar soaps (Such as
Ivory soap). -->
<hw>Ste"a*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
tallow, suet: cf. F. <ets>st\'82arine</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the constituents of
animal fats and also of some vegetable fats, as the butter of
cacao. It is especially characterized by its solidity, so that
when present in considerable quantity it materially increases the
hardness, or raises the melting point, of the fat, as in mutton
tallow. Chemically, it is a compound of glyceryl with three
molecules of stearic acid, and hence is technically called
<xex>tristearin</xex>, or <xex>glyceryl tristearate</xex>.</def>
<hw>Ste`a*rol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stear</ets>ic + <ets>ol</ets>eic +
<ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to,
or designating, an acid of the acetylene series, isologous with
stearis acid, and obtained, as a white crystalline substance,
from ole\'8bc acid.</def>
<hw>Ste"a*rone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The ketone of stearic acid, obtained as a
white crystalline substance, (<chform>C17H35)2.CO</chform>, by
the distillation of calcium stearate.</def>
<hw>Ste`a*rop"tene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stear</ets>ic + <ets>-optene</ets> as in
el\'91<ets>optene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The more
solid ingredient of certain volatile oils; -- contrasted with
<xex>el\'91optene</xex>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Ste`ar*rhe"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
from Gr. <?/ tallow + <?/ to flow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>seborrhea.</def>
<hw>Ste"a*ryl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stear</ets>ic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical characteristic
of stearic acid.</def>
<hw>Ste"a*tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
<?/, fat, tallow: cf. F. <ets>st\'82atite</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A massive variety of talc, of a grayish
green or brown color. It forms extensive beds, and is quarried
for fireplaces and for coarse utensils. Called also
<altname>potstone</altname>, <altname>lard stone</altname>, and
<altname>soapstone</altname>.</def>
<hw>Ste`a*tit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of,
steatite; containing or resembling steatite.</def>
<hw>\'d8Ste`a*to"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to turn into tallow or suet, fr. <?/, <?/,
fat, suet.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cyst containing matter
like suet.</def>
<hw>Ste`a*tom"a*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of steatoma.</def>
<hw>\'d8Ste`a*top"y*ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, fat + <?/ the buttocks.]</ety>
<def>A remarkable accretion of fat upon the buttocks of Africans
of certain tribes, especially of Hottentot women.</def>
<hw>Ste`a*top"y*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
fat buttocks.</def>
<q>Specimens of the <qex>steatopygous</qex> Abyssinian breed.</q>
<qau>Burton.</qau>
<mhw><hw>Sted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,
<hw>Sted"fast</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>,
<hw>Sted"fast*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>, etc.</mhw> <def>See
<er>Stead</er>, <er>Steadfast</er>, etc.</def>
<hw>Stee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>stiege</ets>. \'fb164. See <er>Stair</er>.]</ety> <def>A
ladder.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>stey</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Steed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stede</ets>, AS. <ets>st\'c7da</ets> a stud-horse, war
horse, fr. <ets>st\'d3d</ets> a stud of breeding steeds; akin to
G. <ets>stute</ets> a mare, Icel. <ets>stedda</ets>,
<ets>st\'d3<?/</ets>, a stud. \'fb163. See <er>Stud</er> of
horses.]</ety> <def>A horse, especially a spirited horse for
state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose.</def>
\'bdA knight upon a <xex>steed</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Mounted upon a hot and fiery <qex>steed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Steed"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no steed; without
a horse.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Steek</hw>, <hw>Steik</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Stick</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To pierce with a sharp instrument; hence, to
stitch; to sew; also, to fix; to fasten.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Steel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>st\'c7l</ets>, <ets>st\'dfl</ets>, <ets>st\'dfle</ets>; akin
to D. <ets>staal</ets>, G. <ets>stahl</ets>, OHG.
<ets>stahal</ets>, Icel. <ets>st\'bel</ets>, Dan.
<ets>staal</ets>, Sw. <ets>st\'86l</ets>, Old Prussian
<ets>stakla</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Metal)</fld> <def>A
variety of iron intermediate in composition and properties
between wrought iron and cast iron (containing between one half
of one per cent and one and a half per cent of carbon), and
consisting of an alloy of iron with an iron carbide. Steel,
unlike wrought iron, can be tempered, and retains magnetism. Its
malleability decreases, and fusibility increases, with an
increase in carbon.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument or implement made of steel</def>;
as: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A weapon, as a sword, dagger, etc.</def>
\'bdBrave Macbeth . . . with his brandished <xex>steel</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>While doubting thus he stood,
Received the <qex>steel</qex> bathed in his brother's blood.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument of steel (usually a round rod)
for sharpening knives.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A piece of steel for striking sparks from
flint.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Anything of extreme hardness; that which
is characterized by sternness or rigor.</def> \'bdHeads of
<xex>steel</xex>.\'b8 <au>Johnson</au>. \'bdManhood's heart of
<xex>steel</xex>.\'b8 <au>Byron</au>.
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A chalybeate medicine.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<note><hand/ <xex>Steel</xex> is often used in the formation of
compounds, generally of obvious meaning; as,
<xex>steel</xex>-clad, <xex>steel</xex>-girt,
<xex>steel</xex>-hearted, <xex>steel</xex>-plated,
<xex>steel</xex>-pointed, etc.</note>
<cs><col>Bessemer steel</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <cd>See in the
Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Blister steel</col>. <fld>(Metal.)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>Blister</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cast steel</col>
<fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a fine variety of steel, originally made
by smelting blister or cementation steel; hence, ordinarily,
steel of any process of production when remelted and cast.</cd>
-- <col>Cromium steel</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a hard,
tenacious variety containing a little cromium, and somewhat
resembling <cref>tungsten steel</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Mild
steel</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of steel having a
lower proportion of carbon than ordinary steel, rendering it
softer and more malleable.</cd> -- <col>Puddled steel</col>
<fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of steel produced from cast
iron by the puddling process.</cd> -- <col>Steel duck</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the goosander, or merganser.</cd>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Steel mill</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<fld>(Firearms)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Wheel lock</cref>, under
<er>Wheel</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A mill which has steel
grinding surfaces</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A mill where steel is
manufactured.</cd> -- <col>Steel trap</col>, <cd>a trap for
catching wild animals. It consists of two iron jaws, which close
by means of a powerful steel spring when the animal disturbs the
catch, or tongue, by which they are kept open.</cd> -- <col>Steel
wine</col>, <cd>wine, usually sherry, in which steel filings have
been placed for a considerable time, -- used as a medicine.</cd>
-- <col>Tincture of steel</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an
alcoholic solution of the chloride of iron.</cd> -- <col>Tungsten
steel</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of steel
containing a small amount of tungsten, and noted for its tenacity
and hardness, as well as for its malleability and tempering
qualities. It is also noted for its magnetic
properties.</cd></cs>
<hw>Steel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Steeled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Steeling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>stlan</ets>: cf.
Icel. <ets>st\'91la</ets>. See <er>Steel</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To overlay, point, or edge
with steel; <as>as, to <ex>steel</ex> a razor; to <ex>steel</ex>
an ax.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make hard or strong; hence, to make
insensible or obdurate.</def>
<q>Lies well <qex>steeled</qex> with weighty arguments.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>O God of battles! <qex>steel</qex> my soldier's hearts.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Why will you fight against so sweet a passion,
And <qex>steel</qex> your heart to such a world of charms?</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: To cause to resemble steel, as in
smoothness, polish, or other qualities.</def>
<q>These waters, <qex>steeled</qex>
By breezeless air to smoothest polish.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>To cover, as an electrotype
plate, with a thin layer of iron by electrolysis. The iron thus
deposited is very hard, like steel.</def>
<hw>Steel"bow` goods"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>
<def>Those goods on a farm, such as corn, cattle, implements
husbandry, etc., which may not be carried off by a removing
tenant, as being the property of the landlord.</def>
<hw>Steel"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
points, edges, or covers with steel.</def>
<hw>Steel"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Stealer</er>.</def>
<hw>Steel"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A North Pacific salmon (<spn>Salmo
Gairdneri</spn>) found from Northern California to Siberia; --
called also <altname>hardhead</altname>, and
<altname>preesil</altname>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ruddy duck.</def>
<hw>Steel"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality of being steely.</def>
<hw>Steel"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The process of pointing,
edging, or overlaying with steel; specifically, acierage. See
<er>Steel</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<hw>Steel"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Made of steel; consisting of steel.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>steely</xex> point of Clifford's lance.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Around his shop the <qex>steely</qex> sparkles flew.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling steel; hard; firm; having the color
of steel.</def> \'bdHis hair was <xex>steely</xex> gray.\'b8
<au>The Century.</au>
<q>She would unarm her noble heart of that <qex>steely</qex>
resistance against the sweet blows of love.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<cs><col>Steely iron</col>, <cd>a compound of iron containing
less than one half of one per cent of carbon.</cd></cs>
<hw>Steel"yard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So named
from a place in London called the <ets>Steelyard</ets>, which was
a yard in which steel was sold.]</ety> <def>A form of balance in
which the body to be weighed is suspended from the shorter arm of
a lever, which turns on a fulcrum, and a counterpoise is caused
to slide upon the longer arm to produce equilibrium, its place
upon this arm (which is notched or graduated) indicating the
weight; a Roman balance; -- very commonly used also in the plural
form, <xex>steelyards</xex>.</def>
<hw>Steem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Esteem</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Steem</hw>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See 1st and 2nd
<er>Stem</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Steen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>st<?/na</ets>. See <er>Stone</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>stean</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A vessel of clay
or stone.</def> \'bdAn huge great earth-pot
<xex>steane</xex>.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wall of brick, stone, or cement, used as a
lining, as of a well, cistern, etc.; a steening.</def>
<hw>Steen</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>st<?/nan</ets> to
adorn with stones or gems. See <er>Stone</er>.]</ety> <def>To
line, as a well, with brick, stone, or other hard material.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>stean</asp>, and
<asp>stein</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>\'d8Steen"bok`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>steen</ets> stone + <ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Steinbock</er>.</def>
<hw>Steen"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A lining made of brick,
stone, or other hard material, as for a well.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>steaning</asp>.]</altsp>
<mhw>{ <hw>Steen"kirk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stein"kirk`</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from the
battle of <ets>Steinkirk</ets>, in 1692, on which occasion the
French nobles had no time to arrange their lace
neckcloths.]</ety> <def>A kind of neckcloth worn in a loose and
disorderly fashion.</def>
<hw>Steep</hw> <pr>(st<emac/p)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bright;
glittering; fiery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>His eyen <qex>steep</qex>, and rolling in his head.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Steep</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Steeped</er> <pr>(st<emac/pt)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &
vb. n.</pos> <er>Steeping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stepen</ets>, probably fr. Icel. <ets>steypa</ets> to cause
to stoop, cast down, pour out, to cast metals, causative of
<ets>st<umac/pa</ets> to stoop; cf. Sw. <ets>st\'94pa</ets> to
cast, to steep, Dan. <ets>st\'94be</ets>, D. & G.
<ets>stippen</ets> to steep, to dip. Cf. <er>Stoop</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To soak in a liquid; to macerate; to extract
the essence of by soaking; <as>as, to soften seed by
<ex>steeping</ex> it in water</as>. Often used
figuratively.</def>
<q>Let fancy still my sense in Lethe <qex>steep</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>In refreshing dew to <qex>steep</qex>
The little, trembling flowers.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<q>The learned of the nation were <qex>steeped</qex> in
Latin.</q>
<qau>Earle.</qau>
<hw>Steep</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To undergo the process of
soaking in a liquid; <as>as, the tea is
<ex>steeping</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Steep</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something steeped,
or used in steeping; a fertilizing liquid to hasten the
germination of seeds.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rennet bag.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Steep</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Comper.</pos>
<er>Steeper</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Steepest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>steep</ets>,
<ets>step</ets>, AS. <ets>ste\'a0p</ets>; akin to Icel.
<ets>steyp<?/r</ets> steep, and <ets>st<umac/pa</ets> to stoop,
Sw. <ets>stupa</ets> to fall, to tilt; cf. OFries.
<ets>stap</ets> high. Cf. <er>Stoop</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>,
<er>Steep</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Steeple</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Making a large angle with the plane of the
horizon; ascending or descending rapidly with respect to a
horizontal line or a level; precipitous; <as>as, a <ex>steep</ex>
hill or mountain; a <ex>steep</ex> roof; a <ex>steep</ex> ascent;
a <ex>steep</ex> declivity; a <ex>steep</ex> barometric
gradient</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Difficult of access; not easy reached; lofty;
elevated; high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Excessive; <as>as, a <ex>steep</ex>
price</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<hw>Steep</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A precipitous place, hill,
mountain, rock, or ascent; any elevated object sloping with a
large angle to the plane of the horizon; a precipice.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>We had on each side naked rocks and mountains broken into a
thousand irregular <qex>steeps</qex> and precipices.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>Bare <qex>steeps</qex>, where desolation stalks.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<hw>Steep"-down`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Deep and
precipitous, having steep descent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Wash me in <qex>steep-down</qex> gulfs of liquid fire.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Steep"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Steepened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Steepening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To become steep or
steeper.</def>
<q>As the way <qex>steepened</qex> . . . I could detect in the
hollow of the hill some traces of the old path.</q>
<qau>H. Miller.</qau>
<hw>Steep"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vessel, vat,
or cistern, in which things are steeped.</def>
<hw>Steep"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Steepness.</def>
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Steep"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat steep.</def>
<au>Carlyle.</au>
<hw>Stee"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stepel</ets>, AS. <ets>st\'c7pel</ets>, <ets>st<?/pel</ets>;
akin to E. <ets>steep</ets>, a.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A
spire; also, the tower and spire taken together; the whole of a
structure if the roof is of spire form. See <er>Spire</er>.</def>
\'bdA weathercock on a <xex>steeple</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Rood steeple</col>. <cd>See <cref>Rood tower</cref>,
under <er>Rood</er>.</cd> -- <col>Steeple bush</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low shrub (<spn>Spir\'91a
tomentosa</spn>) having dense panicles of minute rose-colored
flowers; hardhack.</cd> -- <col>Steeple chase</col>, <cd>a race
across country between a number of horsemen, to see which can
first reach some distant object, as a church steeple; hence, a
race over a prescribed course obstructed by such obstacles as one
meets in riding across country, as hedges, walls, etc.</cd> --
<col>Steeple chaser</col>, <cd>one who rides in a steeple chase;
also, a horse trained to run in a steeple chase.</cd> --
<col>Steeple engine</col>, <cd>a vertical back-acting steam
engine having the cylinder beneath the crosshead.</cd> --
<col>Steeple house</col>, <cd>a church.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au></cs>
<hw>Stee"ple*chas`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of riding steeple chases.</def>
<hw>Stee"ple-crowned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Bearing a steeple; <as>as, a
<ex>steeple-crowned</ex> building</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a crown shaped like a steeple; <as>as, a
<ex>steeple-crowned</ex> hat</as>; also, wearing a hat with such
a crown.</def>
<q>This grave, beared, sable-cloaked, and
<qex>steeple-crowned</qex> progenitor.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<hw>Stee"pled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished
with, or having the form of, a steeple; adorned with
steeples.</def>
<au>Fairfax.</au>
<hw>Steep"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a steep
manner; with steepness; with precipitous declivity.</def>
<hw>Steep"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Quality or
state of being steep; precipitous declivity; <as>as, the
<ex>steepness</ex>of a hill or a roof</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Height; loftiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Steep"-up`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lofty and
precipitous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Her stand she takes upon a <qex>steep-up</qex> hill.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Steep"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Steep;
precipitous.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<q>No more, my goats, shall I belong you climb
The <qex>steepy</qex> cliffs, or crop the flow'ry thyme.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Steer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>steer</ets>, AS. <ets>ste\'a2r</ets>; akin to D. & G.
<ets>stier</ets> a bull, OHG. <ets>stior</ets>, Icel.
<ets>stj\'d3rr</ets>, <ets><?/j\'d3rr</ets>, Sw. <ets>tjur</ets>,
Dan. <ets>tyr</ets>, Goth. <ets>stiur</ets>, Russ.
<ets>tur'</ets>, Pol. <ets>tur</ets>, Ir. & Gael.
<ets>tarbh</ets>, W. <ets>tarw</ets>, L. <ets>taurus</ets>, Gr.
<?/, Skr. <ets>sth<?/ra</ets> strong, stout, AS. <ets>stor</ets>
large, Icel. <ets>st\'d3rr</ets>, OHG. <ets>st<?/ri</ets>,
<ets>stiuri</ets>. \'fb168. Cf. <er>Stirk</er>, <er>Taurine</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A young male of the ox kind;
especially, a common ox; a castrated taurine male from two to
four years old. See the Note under <er>Ox</er>.</def>
<hw>Steer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To castrate; -- said of
male calves.</def>
<hw>Steer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Steered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Steering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>steeren</ets>, <ets>steren</ets>, AS. <ets>sti\'82ran</ets>,
<ets>st<?/ran</ets>, <ets>ste\'a2ran</ets>; akin to OFries.
<ets>stiora</ets>, <ets>stiura</ets>, D. <ets>sturen</ets>, OD.
<ets>stieren</ets>, G. <ets>steuren</ets>, OHG.
<ets>stiuren</ets> to direct, support, G. <ets>steuer</ets>
contribution, tax, Icel. <ets>st<?/ra</ets> to steer, govern,Sw.
<ets>styra</ets>, Dan. <ets>styre</ets>, Goth.
<ets>stiurjan</ets> to establish, AS. <ets>ste\'a2r</ets> a
rudder, a helm, and probably to Icel. <ets>staurr</ets> a pale,
stake, Gr. <?/, and perhaps ultimately to E. <ets>stand</ets>.
\'fb168. Cf. <er>Starboard</er>, <er>Stern</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To direct the course of; to guide; to
govern; -- applied especially to a vessel in the water.</def>
<q>That with a staff his feeble steps did <qex>steer</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Steer</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To direct a
vessel in its course; to direct one's course.</def> \'bdNo
helmsman <xex>steers</xex>.\'b8
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be directed and governed; to take a
direction, or course; to obey the helm; <as>as, the boat
<ex>steers</ex> easily</as>.</def>
<q>Where the wind
Veers oft, as oft [a ship] so <qex>steers</qex>, and shifts her
sail.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To conduct one's self; to take or pursue a
course of action.</def>
<hw>Steer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>ste\'a2r</ets>,
<ets>sti\'a2r</ets>; akin to D. <ets>stuur</ets>, G.
<ets>steuer</ets>, Icel. <ets>st<?/ri</ets>. \'fb186. See
<er>Steer</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>stere</asp>.]</altsp> <def>A rudder or helm.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Steer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>ste\'a2ra</ets>. See
<er>Steer</er> a rudder.]</ety> <def>A helmsman, a pilot.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Steer"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
being steered; dirigible.</def>
<hw>Steer"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act or practice of steering, or directing; <as>as, the
<ex>steerage</ex> of a ship</as>.</def>
<q>He left the city, and, in a most tempestuous season, forsook
the helm and <qex>steerage</qex> of the common wealth.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The effect of
the helm on a ship; the manner in which an individual ship is
affected by the helm.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The hinder part of
a vessel; the stern.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Swift</au>.
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Properly, the space in the after part of a
vessel, under the cabin, but used generally to indicate any part
of a vessel having the poorest accommodations and occupied by
passengers paying the lowest rate of fare.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Direction; regulation; management;
guidance.</def>
<q>He that hath the <qex>steerage</qex> of my course.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That by which a course is directed.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Here he hung on high,
The <qex>steerage</qex> of his wings.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<cs><col>Steerage passenger</col>, <cd>a passenger who takes
passage in the steerage of a vessel.</cd></cs>
<hw>Steer"age*way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rate of motion through the water
sufficient to render a vessel governable by the helm.</def>
<hw>Steer"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
steers; <as>as, a boat <ex>steerer</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Steer"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from <er>Steer</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Steering wheel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the wheel
by means of which the rudder of a vessel is turned and the vessel
is steered.</cd></cs>
<hw>Steer"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no rudder.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Steer"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A young
small steer.</def>
<-- p. 1410 -->
<hw>Steers"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Steersmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Steer</ets> a
rudder + <ets>man</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>ste\'a2rman</ets>.]</ety>
<def>One who steers; the helmsman of a vessel.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Steers"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Steer</ets> a rudder + <ets>mate</ets> a
companion.]</ety> <def>One who steers; steersman.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Steeve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Steeved</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Steeving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OD. <ets>steve</ets>
staff, E. <ets>stem</ets>, n.]</ety> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>
<def>To project upward, or make an angle with the horizon or with
the line of a vessel's keel; -- said of the bowsprit, etc.</def>
<hw>Steeve</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>To elevate or fix at an angle with
the horizon; -- said of the bowsprit, etc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stow, as bales in a vessel's hold, by means
of a steeve. See <er>Steeve</er>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sd>(b)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Steeve</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The angle which a bowsprit makes with the horizon, or with
the line of the vessel's keel; -- called also
<altname>steeving</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A spar, with
a block at one end, used in stowing cotton bales, and similar
kinds of cargo which need to be packed tightly.</def>
<hw>Steev"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
practice of one who steeves.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Steeve</er>,
<pos>n.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Steg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>steggr</ets> the male of several animals. Cf.
<er>Stag</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gander.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>stag</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Steg`a*nog"ra*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
skilled in steganography; a cryptographer.</def>
<hw>Steg`a*nog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ covered (fr. <?/ to cover closely) +
<ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of writing in cipher, or
in characters which are not intelligible except to persons who
have the key; cryptography.</def>
<hw>\'d8Steg`a*noph*thal"ma*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.
pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ covered + <?/ the eye.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Discophora, or Phanerocarp\'91.
Called also <altname>Steganophthalmia</altname>.</def>
<hw>Ste*gan"o*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Steganopodes.</def>
<hw>\'d8Steg`a*nop"o*des</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, web-footed; <?/ covered + <?/
foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of swimming
birds in which all four toes are united by a broad web. It
includes the pelicans, cormorants, gannets, and others.</def>
<hw>Steg`a*nop"o*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having all four toes webbed
together.</def>
<hw>\'d8Steg*no"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Stegnotic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Constipation; also, constriction of the vessels or
ducts.</def>
<hw>Steg*no"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
fr. <?/ to cover, to make costive, fr. <?/, <?/, covered,
closed.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to render costive,
or to diminish excretions or discharges generally.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A stegnotic medicine; an
astringent.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Steg`o*ceph"a*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ roof + <?/ head.]</ety>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of amphibians found
fossil in the Mesozoic rocks; called also
<altname>Stegocephali</altname>, and
<altname>Labyrinthodonta</altname>.</def>
<note><hand/ Their teeth, in transverse sections, usually show a
labyrinthiform arrangement of the cement and dentine. The under
side of the body was covered with bony plates. Some of the
Stegocephala were of very large size, and the form of the body
varied from short, stout forms to others that were as slender as
serpents.</note>
<hw>\'d8Steg`o*sau"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Stegosaurus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>
<def>An extinct order of herbivorous dinosaurs, including the
genera <stype><spn>Stegosaurus</spn></stype>,
<stype><spn>Omosaurus</spn></stype>, and their allies.</def>
<hw>\'d8Steg`o*sau"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ roof + <?/ a lizard.]</ety>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of large Jurassic dinosaurs
remarkable for a powerful dermal armature of plates and
spines.</def>
<hw>Steik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Steek</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Stein</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Steen</er>.</def>
<hw>Stein"bock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>stein</ets> stone + <ets>bock</ets> buck, D. <ets>bok</ets>.
Cf. <er>Steenbok</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>The European ibex.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small South
African antelope (<spn>Nanotragus tragulus</spn>) which frequents
dry, rocky districts; -- called also
<altname>steenbok</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>steinboc</asp>, and steinbok; also called
<asp>stonebock</asp>, and <asp>stonebuck</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Stein"gale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
stannel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stein"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Steening</er>.</def>
<hw>Stein"kirk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Steenkirk</er>.</def>
<hw>Stein"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
wheater.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Ste"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stel\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/ a
post, an upright stone.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A
small column or pillar, used as a monument, milestone, etc.</def>
<hw>\'d8Ste"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<def>Same as <er>Stela</er>.</def>
<q>One of these <qex>steles</qex>, containing the Greek version
of the ordinance, has recently been discovered.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</qau>
<hw>Stele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stale</er> a handle.]</ety> <def>A stale, or handle; a
stalk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. Holland.</au>
<hw>Ste"lene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stela</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling, or used as, a stela;
columnar.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Stell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>stellan</ets>. \'fb163.]</ety> <def>To place or fix firmly
or permanently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Stell</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A prop; a support, as for the
feet in standing or cilmbing.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A partial inclosure made by a wall or trees, to
serve as a shelter for sheep or cattle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stel"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stel"la*ry</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stellaris</ets>, fr. <ets>stella</ets> a star. See
<er>Star</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to stars;
astral; <as>as, a <ex>stellar</ex> figure; <ex>stellary</ex>
orbs</as>.</def>
<q>[These soft fires] in part shed down
Their <qex>stellar</qex> virtue.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full of stars; starry; <as>as, <ex>stellar</ex>
regions</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stel"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stel"la*ted</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stellatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>stellare</ets> to set or cover
with stars, from <ets>stella</ets> a star. See
<er>Stellar</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Resembling a star;
pointed or radiated, like the emblem of a star.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Starlike; having similar parts
radiating from a common center; <as>as, <ex>stellate</ex>
flowers</as>.</def>
<hw>Stel*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Radiation
of light.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stelled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stell</er> to place.]</ety> <def>Firmly placed or
fixed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>stelled</xex>
fires\'b8 [the stars]. <au>Shak</au>. <note>[In this passage by
some defined as \'bdstarry,\'b8 as if from
<xex>stellatus</xex>.]</note>
<hw>Stel"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[After Geo.
W.<ets>Steller</ets>, a German naturalist.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The rytina; -- called also
<altname>stellerine</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stel"ler*id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stella</ets> a star.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
starfish.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stel*ler"i*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive group of
echinoderms, comprising the starfishes and ophiurans.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stel*ler"i*dan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Stel`ler*id"e*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A starfish, or brittle star.</def>
<hw>Stel*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stellifer</ets>; <ets>stella</ets> star + <ets>ferre</ets>
8bear.]</ety> <def>Having, or abounding with, stars.</def>
<hw>Stel"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stella</ets> a star + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a
star; star-shaped; radiated.</def>
<hw>Stel"li*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stella</ets> a star + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To turn
into a star; to cause to appear like a star; to place among the
stars, or in heaven.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Stel"lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stellio</ets> a newt having starlike spots on its back, fr.
<ets>stella</ets> a star.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
lizard (<spn>Stellio vulgaris</spn>), common about the Eastern
Mediterranean among ruins. In color it is olive-green, shaded
with black, with small stellate spots. Called also
<altname>hardim</altname>, and <altname>star
lizard</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stel"lion*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stellionatus</ets> cozenage, trickery, fr.
<ets>stellio</ets> a newt, a crafty, knavish person.]</ety>
<fld>(Scots & Roman Law)</fld> <def>Any fraud not distinguished
by a more special name; -- chiefly applied to sales of the same
property to two different persons, or selling that for one's own
which belongs to another, etc.</def>
<au>Erskine.</au>
<hw>Stel"lu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stellula</ets>, dim. of <ets>stella</ets> a star.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the shape or appearance of little stars;
radiated.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Marked with starlike spots of color.</def>
<hw>Stel"lu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Minutely stellate.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stel`ma*top"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a block, post + <?/, <?/, eye + <?/, <?/,
foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Gymnol\'91mata</er>.</def>
<hw>Ste*log"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
a post, slab, pillar + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/ an
inscription on a tablet.]</ety> <def>The art of writing or
inscribing characters on pillars.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Stackhouse.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Steem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To gleam.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>His head bald, that shone as any glass, . . .
[And] <qex>stemed</qex> as a furnace of a leed [caldron].</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stem</hw>, <hw>Steem</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A gleam of light; flame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>stemn</ets>, <ets>stefn</ets>, <ets>st\'91fn</ets>; akin to
OS. <ets>stamn</ets> the stem of a ship, D. <ets>stam</ets> stem,
<ets>steven</ets> stem of a ship, G. <ets>stamm</ets> stem,
<ets>steven</ets> stem of a ship, Icel. <ets>stafn</ets>,
<ets>stamn</ets>, stem of a ship, <ets>stofn</ets>,
<ets>stomn</ets>, stem, Sw. <ets>stam</ets> a tree trunk, Dan.
<ets>stamme</ets>. Cf. <er>Staff</er>, <er>Stand</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The principal body of a tree, shrub, or plant,
of any kind; the main stock; the part which supports the branches
or the head or top.</def>
<q>After they are shot up thirty feet in length, they spread a
very large top, having no bough nor twig in the trunk or the
<qex>stem</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<q>The lowering spring, with lavish rain,
Beats down the slender <qex>stem</qex> and breaded grain.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A little branch which connects a fruit, flower,
or leaf with a main branch; a peduncle, pedicel, or petiole;
<as>as, the <ex>stem</ex> of an apple or a cherry</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The stock of a family; a race or generation of
progenitors.</def> \'bdAll that are of noble <xex>stem</xex>.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>While I do pray, learn here thy <qex>stem</qex>
And true descent.</q>
<qau>Herbert.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A branch of a family.</def>
<q>This is a <qex>stem</qex>
Of that victorious stock.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A curved piece of timber to
which the two sides of a ship are united at the fore end. The
lower end of it is scarfed to the keel, and the bowsprit rests
upon its upper end. Hence, the forward part of a vessel; the
bow.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Fig.: An advanced or leading position; the
lookout.</def>
<q>Wolsey sat at the <qex>stem</qex> more than twenty years.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Anything resembling a stem or stalk; <as>as, the
<ex>stem</ex> of a tobacco pipe; the <ex>stem</ex> of a watch
case, or that part to which the ring, by which it is suspended,
is attached.</as></def>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part of a plant which
bears leaves, or rudiments of leaves, whether rising above ground
or wholly subterranean.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The entire
central axis of a feather.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The basal
portion of the body of one of the Pennatulacea, or of a
gorgonian.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The short perpendicular line
added to the body of a note; the tail of a crotchet, quaver,
semiquaver, etc.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The part of an inflected
word which remains unchanged (except by euphonic variations)
throughout a given inflection; theme; base.</def>
<cs><col>From stem to stern</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>from
one end of the ship to the other, or through the whole
length.</cd> -- <col>Stem leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
leaf growing from the stem of a plant, as contrasted with a basal
or radical leaf.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stem</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To remove the
stem or stems from; <as>as, to <ex>stem</ex> cherries; to remove
the stem and its appendages (ribs and veins) from; <as>as, to
<ex>stem</ex> tobacco leaves</as></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To ram, as clay, into a blasting hole.</def>
<hw>Stem</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stemmed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stemming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Either from
<ets>stem</ets>, n., or akin to <ets>stammer</ets>; cf. G.
<ets>stemmen</ets> to press against.]</ety> <def>To oppose or cut
with, or as with, the stem of a vessel; to resist, or make
progress against; to stop or check the flow of, as a
current.</def> \'bdAn argosy to <xex>stem</xex> the waves.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>[They] <qex>stem</qex> the flood with their erected
breasts.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<q><qex>Stemmed</qex> the wild torrent of a barbarous age.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Stem</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To move forward against an
obstacle, as a vessel against a current.</def>
<q><qex>Stemming</qex> nightly toward the pole.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Stem"-clasp`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Embracing the stem with its base;
amplexicaul; as a leaf or petiole.</def>
<hw>Stem"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no stem;
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> acaulescent.</def>
<hw>Stem"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small or
young stem.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stem"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stemmata</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/,
pl. <?/, a garland or chaplet.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the ocelli of an insect. See
<er>Ocellus</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the facets of a
compound eye of any arthropod.</def>
<hw>Stem"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, stems (in any of the senses of the verbs).</def>
<hw>Stem"mer*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A large
building in which tobacco is stemmed.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Stem"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in
stems, or mixed with stems; -- said of tea, dried currants,
etc.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Stem"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>stempel</ets> a stamp, a prop, akin to E.
<ets>stamp</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A crossbar of
wood in a shaft, serving as a step.</def>
<hw>Stem"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stem</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and <er>Keelson</er>, and cf.
<er>Sternson</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A piece
of curved timber bolted to the stem, keelson, and apron in a
ship's frame near the bow.</def>
<hw>Stem"-wind`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
stem-winding watch.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<-- Fig. anything of superior quality, as was attributed to the
stem-winding watch; esp. used to describe a stirring speech, as
in the phrase "a stem-winder of a speech" or "delivered as
stem-winder". -->
<hw>Stem"-wind`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wound by mechanism
connected with the stem; <as>as, a <ex>stem-winding</ex>
watch</as>.</def>
<hw>Stench</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
stanch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Harvey.</au>
<hw>Stench</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>stenc</ets> a
strong smell, fr. <ets>stincan</ets>. See <er>Stink</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A smell; an odor.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Clouds of savory <qex>stench</qex> involve the sky.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ill smell; an offensive odor; a stink.</def>
<au>Cowper.</au>
<cs><col>Stench trap</col>, <cd>a contrivance to prevent stench
or foul air from rising from the openings of sewers, drains,
etc.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stench</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>stencan</ets> to
emit a smell, fr. <ets>stincan</ets> to smell. See
<er>Stench</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To cause to emit a
disagreeable odor; to cause to stink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Young.</au>
<hw>Stench"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
stench.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dyer.</au>
<hw>Sten"cil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably from
OF. <ets>estincelle</ets> spangle, spark, F.
<ets>\'82tincelle</ets> spark, L. <ets>scintilla</ets>. See
<er>Scintillate</er>, and cf. <er>Tinsel</er>.]</ety> <def>A thin
plate of metal, leather, or other material, used in painting,
marking, etc. The pattern is cut out of the plate, which is then
laid flat on the surface to be marked, and the color brushed over
it. Called also <altname>stencil plate</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sten"cil</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stenciled</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Stencilled</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Stenciling</er> or
<er>Stencilling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark, paint, or color
in figures with stencils; to form or print by means of a
stencil.</def>
<hw>Sten"cil*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
paints or colors in figures by means of stencil.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>stenciller</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sten"o*derm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
narrow, little + <ets>-derm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any species of bat belonging to the genus
<spn>Stenoderma</spn>, native of the West Indies and South
America. These bats have a short or rudimentary tail and a
peculiarly shaped nose membrane.</def>
<hw>Sten`o*der"mine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the genus
<spn>Stenoderma</spn>, which includes several West Indian and
South American nose-leaf bats.</def>
<hw>Sten"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stenographed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Stenographing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To write or report in
stenographic characters.</def>
<hw>Sten"o*graph</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A production of
stenography; anything written in shorthand.</def>
<q>I saw the reporters' room, in which they redact their hasty
<qex>stenographs</qex>.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Ste*nog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
is skilled in stenography; a writer of shorthand.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sten`o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sten`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>st\'82nographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to stenography.</def>
<hw>Ste*nog"ra*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
stenographer.</def>
<hw>Ste*nog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
narrow, close + <ets>graphy</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>st\'82nographie</ets>, G. <ets>stenographie</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The art of writing in shorthand, by using abbreviations or
characters for whole words; shorthand.</def>
<hw>Ste*noph"yl*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ narrow + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having
narrow leaves.</def>
<hw>\'d8Ste*no"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/ narrow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A narrowing of
the opening or hollow of any passage, tube, or orifice; <as>as,
<ex>stenosis</ex> of the pylorus</as>. It differs from
<xex>stricture</xex> in being applied especially to diffused
rather than localized contractions, and in always indicating an
origin organic and not spasmodic.</def>
<hw>Sten"o*stome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>steno`s</grk> narrow, little + <grk>sto`ma</grk>
mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a small or narrow
mouth; -- said of certain small ground snakes
(<spn>Opoterodonta</spn>), which are unable to dilate their
jaws.</def>
<hw>Stent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Obs. imp.</pos> <er>Stente</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>obs. p. p.</pos> <er>Stent</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Stint</er>.]</ety> <def>To keep within limits; to restain; to
cause to stop, or cease; to stint.</def>
<q>Then would he weep, he might not be <qex>stent</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Yet n'ould she <qex>stent</qex>
Her bitter railing and foul revilement.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Stent</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To stint; to stop; to
cease.</def>
<q>And of this cry they would never <qex>stenten</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Stent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An allotted portion; a
stint.</def> \'bdAttain'd his journey's <xex>stent</xex>.\'b8
<au>Mir. for Mag.</au>
<hw>Stent"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An opening in a wall in a
coal mine.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>stenton</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Sten"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Stentor</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A herald, in
the Iliad, who had a very loud voice; hence, any person having a
powerful voice.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of ciliated
Infusoria belonging to the genus <spn>Stentor</spn> and allied
genera, common in fresh water. The stentors have a bell-shaped,
or cornucopia-like, body with a circle of cilia around the spiral
terminal disk. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Heterotricha</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A howling monkey, or
howler.</def>
<-- p. 1411 -->
<hw>Sten*to"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stentoreus</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining
to a stentor; extremely loud; powerful; <as>as, a
<ex>stentorian</ex> voice; <ex>stentorian</ex> lungs</as>.</def>
<hw>Sten"to*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A blue coloring matter found in some
stentors. See <er>Stentor</er>, 2.</def>
<hw>Sten*to"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Stentorian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sten`to*ron"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Stentorian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sten`to*ro*phon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ Stentor + <?/ a sound, voice. See <er>Stentor</er>.]</ety>
<def>Speaking or sounding very loud; stentorian.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Of this <qex>stentorophonic</qex> horn of Alexander there is a
preserved in the Vatican.</q>
<qau>Derham.</qau>
<hw>Step</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stepped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stepping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>st\'91ppan</ets>;
akin to OFries. <ets>steppa</ets>, D. <ets>stappen</ets> to step,
<ets>stap</ets> a step, OHG. <ets>stepfen</ets> to step, G.
<ets>stapfe</ets> a footstep, OHG. <ets>stapfo</ets>, G.
<ets>stufe</ets> a step to step on; cf. Gr. <?/ to shake about,
handle roughly, stamp (?). Cf. <er>Stamp</er>, <pos>n.</pos> &
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move the foot in
walking; to advance or recede by raising and moving one of the
feet to another resting place, or by moving both feet in
succession.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To walk; to go on foot; esp., to walk a little
distance; <as>as, to <ex>step</ex> to one of the
neighbors</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To walk slowly, gravely, or resolutely.</def>
<q>Home the swain retreats,
His flock before him <qex>stepping</qex> to the fold.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: To move mentally; to go in
imagination.</def>
<q>They are <qex>stepping</qex> almost three thousand years back
into the remotest antiquity.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<cs><col>To step aside</col>, <cd>to walk a little distance from
the rest; to retire from company.</cd> -- <col>To step
forth</col>, <cd>to move or come forth.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To
step in</col> <or/ <col>into</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To
walk or advance into a place or state, or to advance suddenly
in.</cd>
<q>Whosoever then first, after the troubling of the water,
<qex>stepped in</qex>, was made whole of whatsoever disease he
had.</q>
<qau>John v. 4.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To enter for a short time; as, I just
<xex>stepped into</xex> the house.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To
obtain possession without trouble; to enter upon easily or
suddenly; <as>as, <ex>to step into</ex> an estate</as></cd>. --
<col>To step out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>To
increase the length, but not the rapidity, of the step, extending
it to thirty-tree inches.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go out for a
short distance or a short time</cd>. -- <col>To step short</col>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to diminish the length or rapidity of the
step according to the established rules.</cd></cs>
<hw>Step</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set, as the
foot.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To fix the foot of (a mast)
in its step; to erect.</def>
<cs><col>To step off</col>, <cd>to measure by steps, or paces;
hence, to divide, as a space, or to form a series of marks, by
successive measurements, as with dividers.</cd></cs>
<hw>Step</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>st\'91pe</ets>. See
<er>Step</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
advance or movement made by one removal of the foot; a
pace.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rest, or one of a set of rests, for the foot
in ascending or descending, as a stair, or a round of a
ladder.</def>
<q>The breadth of every single <qex>step</qex> or stair should be
never less than one foot.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The space passed over by one movement of the
foot in walking or running; <as>as, one <ex>step</ex> is
generally about three feet, but may be more or less</as>. Used
also figuratively of any kind of progress; <as>as, he improved
<ex>step</ex> by <ex>step</ex>, or by <ex>steps</ex></as>.</def>
<q>To derive two or three general principles of motion from
phenomena, and afterwards to tell us how the properties and
actions of all corporeal things follow from those manifest
principles, would be a very great <qex>step</qex> in
philosophy.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A small space or distance; <as>as, it is but a
<ex>step</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A print of the foot; a footstep; a footprint;
track.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Gait; manner of walking; <as>as, the approach of
a man is often known by his <ex>step</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Proceeding; measure; action; an act.</def>
<q>The reputation of a man depends on the first <qex>steps</qex>
he makes in the world.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>Beware of desperate <qex>steps</qex>. The darkest day,
Live till to-morrow, will have passed away.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<q>I have lately taken <qex>steps</qex> . . . to relieve the old
gentleman's distresses.</q>
<qau>G. W. Cable.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Walk; passage.</def>
<q>Conduct my <qex>steps</qex> to find the fatal tree.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A portable framework of stairs,
much used indoors in reaching to a high position.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In general, a framing in
wood or iron which is intended to receive an upright shaft;
specif., a block of wood, or a solid platform upon the keelson,
supporting the heel of the mast.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a series
of offsets, or parts, resembling the steps of stairs, as one of
the series of parts of a cone pulley on which the belt
runs.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bearing in which the lower
extremity of a spindle or a vertical shaft revolves.</def>
<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The intervak between two
contiguous degrees of the csale.</def>
<note><hand/ The word <xex>tone</xex> is often used as the name
of this interval; but there is evident incongruity in using
<xex>tone</xex> for indicating the interval between tones. As the
word <xex>scale</xex> is derived from the Italian
<xex>scala</xex>, a ladder, the intervals may well be called
<xex>steps</xex>.</note>
<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Kinematics)</fld> <def>A change of position
effected by a motion of translation.</def>
<au>W. K. Clifford.</au>
<cs><mcol><col>Back step</col>, <col>Half step</col></mcol>,
<cd>etc. See under <er>Back</er>, <er>Half</er>, etc.</cd> --
<col>Step grate</col>, <cd>a form of grate for holding fuel, in
which the bars rise above one another in the manner of
steps.</cd> -- <col>To take steps</col>, <cd>to take action; to
move in a matter.</cd></cs>
<hw>Step-</hw>. <ety>[AS. <ets>ste\'a2p-</ets>; akin to OFries.
<ets>stiap-</ets>, <ets>stiep-</ets>, D. & G. <ets>stief-</ets>,
OHG. <ets>stiuf-</ets>, Icel. <ets>stj<?/p-</ets>, Sw.
<ets>styf-</ets>, and to AS. <ets>\'best\'c7pan</ets>,
<ets>\'beste\'a2pan</ets>, to deprive, bereave, as children of
their parents, OHG. <ets>stiufen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prefix used
before <xex>father</xex>, <xex>mother</xex>, <xex>brother</xex>,
<xex>sister</xex>, <xex>son</xex>, <xex>daughter</xex>,
<xex>child</xex>, etc., to indicate that the person thus spoken
of is not a blood relative, but is a relative by the marriage of
a parent; <as>as, a <ex>step</ex>mother to X is the wife of the
father of X, married by him after the death of the mother of
X</as>. See <er>Stepchild</er>, <er>Stepdaughter</er>,
<er>Stepson</er>, etc.</def>
<hw>Step"broth`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A brother
by the marriage of one's father with the mother of another, or of
one's mother with the father of another.</def>
<hw>Step"child`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>ste\'a2pcild</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bereaved
child; one who has lost father or mother.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A son or daughter of one's wife or husband by a
former marriage.</def>
<hw>Step"dame`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
stepmother.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Step"daugh`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>ste\'a2pdohtor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A daughter of one's wife
or husband by a former marriage.</def>
<hw>Step"fa`ther</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>ste\'a2pf\'91der</ets>.]</ety> <def>The husband of one's
mother by a subsequent marriage.</def>
<hw>Ste*pha"ni*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
from Gr. <?/ a crown.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The point on
the side of the skull where the temporal line, or upper edge of
the temporal fossa, crosses the coronal suture.</def>
<hw>Steph"an*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So named
after the Archduke <ets>Stephan</ets>, mining director of
Austria.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A sulphide of antimony and
silver of an iron-black color and metallic luster; called also
<altname>black silver</altname>, and <altname>brittle silver
ore</altname>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Steph`a*no"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ fit for a crown, fr. <?/ crown.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of climbing
asclepiadaceous shrubs, of Madagascar, Malaya, etc. They have
fleshy or coriaceous opposite leaves, and large white waxy
flowers in cymes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A perfume said to be prepared from the flowers
of <spn>Stephanotis floribunda</spn>.</def>
<hw>Step"lad`der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A portable
set of steps.</def>
<hw>Step"moth`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>ste\'a2pm\'d3der</ets>.]</ety> <def>The wife of one's father
by a subsequent marriage.</def>
<hw>Step"par`ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stepfather
or stepmother.</def>
<hw>Steppe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Russ.
<ets>stepe</ets>, through G. or F. <ets>steppe</ets>.]</ety>
<def>One of the vast plains in Southeastern Europe and in Asia,
generally elevated, and free from wood, analogous to many of the
prairies in Western North America. See <er>Savanna</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Steppe murrain</col>. <fld>(Far.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Rinderpest</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stepped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Provided with a
step or steps; having a series of offsets or parts resembling the
steps of stairs; <as>as, a <ex>stepped</ex> key</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Stepped gear</col>, <cd>a cogwheel of which the teeth
cross the face in a series of steps.</cd></cs>
<hw>Step"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, steps; <as>as, a quick <ex>stepper</ex></as>.</def>
<-- a stepping motor -->
<hw>Step"ping-stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A stone to raise the feet above the surface of water or mud
in walking.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: A means of progress or advancement.</def>
<q>These obstacles his genius had turned into
<qex>stepping-stones</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<q>That men may rise on <qex>stepping-stones</qex>
Of their dead selves to higher things.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Step"sis`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A daughter
of one's stepfather or stepmother by a former marriage.</def>
<hw>Step"son`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>ste\'a2psunu</ets>.]</ety> <def>A son of one's husband or
wife by a former marriage.</def>
<hw>Step"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stone
laid before a door as a stair to rise on in entering the
house.</def>
<hw>-ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[OE. & AS. <ets>-estre</ets>,
<ets>-istre</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix denoting <xex>the
agent</xex> (originally a woman), especially a person who does
something <xex>with skill</xex> or <xex>as an occupation</xex>;
as in spin<xex>ster</xex> (originally, a woman who spins),
song<xex>ster</xex>, ba<xex>xter</xex> (= bake<xex>ster</xex>),
young<xex>ster</xex>.</def>
<note><hand/ Brewing, baking, and weaving were formerly feminine
labors, and consequently <xex>brewster</xex>, <xex>baxter</xex>,
and <xex>webster</xex> meant, originally, the woman (not the man)
who brews, bakes, or weaves. When men began to perform these
duties the feminine appellations were retained.</note>
<hw>Ster`co*bi"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stercus</ets> dung + E. <ets>bilin</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A coloring matter found in the
f\'91ces, a product of the alteration of the bile pigments in the
intestinal canal, -- identical with
<altname>hydrobilirubin</altname>.</def>
<hw>Ster"co*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stercus</ets> dung + <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Serolin</er>
<sd>(b)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Ster`co*ra"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stercus</ets>, <ets>-oris</ets>, dung.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to dung; partaking of the nature of, or containing,
dung.</def>
<hw>Ster"co*ra*nism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.
Hist.)</fld> <def>The doctrine or belief of the
Stercoranists.</def>
<hw>Ster"co*ra*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>stercoranista</ets>, fr. L. <ets>stercus</ets>,
<ets>-oris</ets>, dung.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A
nickname formerly given to those who held, or were alleged to
hold, that the consecrated elements in the eucharist undergo the
process of digestion in the body of the recipient.</def>
<hw>Ster`co*ra"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
Stercoranist.</def>
<hw>Ster"co*ra*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>stercorarium</ets>, from L. <ets>stercorarius</ets>
belonging to dung.]</ety> <def>A place, properly secured from the
weather, for containing dung.</def>
<hw>Ster"co*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Excrement;
dung.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Ster`co*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stercoratio</ets>, from <ets>stercorare</ets> to
dung.]</ety> <def>Manuring with dung.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Ster*co"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The doctrine or belief of the
Stercoranists.</def>
<hw>Ster"co*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stercus</ets>, <ets>-oris</ets>, dung.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.
Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Serolin</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Ster"co*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Excrement;
dung.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Ster*cu`li*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>Sterculia</ets>, the typical genus, fr. L.
<ets>Sterculius</ets> the deity that presided over manuring, from
<ets>stercus</ets> dung. So called because one of the original
species is fetid.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining
to a natural order (<spn>Sterculiace\'91</spn>) of polypetalous
exogenous plants, mostly tropical. The cacao (<spn>Theobroma
Cacao</spn>) is the most useful plant of the order.</def>
<hw>Stere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>st\'8are</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ solid.]</ety> <def>A unit of
cubic measure in the metric system, being a cubic meter, or
kiloliter, and equal to 35.3 cubic feet, or nearly 1<frac13/
cubic yards.</def>
<hw>Stere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
stir.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Stere</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rudder. See 5th
<er>Steer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Stere</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Helmsman. See 6th
<er>Steer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>\'d8Ster`el*min"tha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>stereo`s</grk> solid + <?/ a worm.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Platyelminthes</er>.</def>
<hw>Ste"re*o-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>stereo`s</grk>
solid. See <er>Stare</er> to gaze.]</ety> <def>A combining form
meaning <xex>solid</xex>, <xex>hard</xex>, <xex>firm</xex>, as in
<xex>stereo</xex>-chemistry, <xex>stereo</xex>graphy.</def>
<hw>Ste"re*o*bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>stereo`s</grk> solid + <?/ that treads or covers, akin to
<?/ base; cf. F. <ets>st\'82r\'82obate</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The lower part or basement of a building
or pedestal; -- used loosely for several different forms of
basement.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ste`re*o-chem"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Ste`re*o-chem"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or illustrating, the
hypothetical space relations of atoms in the molecule; <as>as, a
<ex>stereo-chemic</ex> formula</as>.</def>
<hw>Ste`re*o-chem"is*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>chemistry</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Chemistry considered with reference to
the space relations of atoms.</def>
<hw>Ste"re*o*chrome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Stereochromic picture.</def>
<hw>Ste`re*o*chro"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to the art of stereochromy; produced by
stereochromy.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Ste`re*o*chro"mic*al*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Ste`re*och"ro*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + Gr. <grk>chrw^ma</grk> color.]</ety>
<def>A style of painting on plastered walls or stone, in which
the colors are rendered permanent by sprinklings of water, in
which is mixed a proportion of soluble glass (a silicate of
soda).</def>
<hw>Ste`re*o*e*lec"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>electric</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the generation of
electricity by means of solid bodies alone; <as>as, a
<ex>stereoelectric</ex> current is one obtained by means of
solids, without any liquid</as>.</def>
<hw>Ste"re*o*gram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <def>A
diagram or picture which represents objects in such a way as to
give the impression of relief or solidity; also, a
stereograph.</def>
<hw>Ste"re*o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any
picture, or pair of pictures, prepared for exhibition in the
stereoscope. Stereographs are now commonly made by means of
photography.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ste`re*o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Ste`re*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>st\'82r\'82ographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Made
or done according to the rules of stereography; delineated on a
plane; <as>as, a <ex>stereographic</ex> chart of the
earth</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Stereographic projection</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a
method of representing the sphere in which the center of
projection is taken in the surface of the sphere, and the plane
upon which the projection is made is at right andles to the
diameter passing through the center of projection.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ste`re*o*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
stereographical manner; by delineation on a plane.</def>
<hw>Ste`re*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>graphy</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>st\'82r\'82ographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of
delineating the forms of solid bodies on a plane; a branch of
solid geometry which shows the construction of all solids which
are regularly defined.</def>
<-- Illustration: "Stereography".
5 figures, illustrating arrangements of triangles, squares, or
pentagons which can be drawn on a surface and folded into the
five regular polyhedra. -->
<note><hand/ By cutting pieces of cardboard, or other suitable
material, in the forms represented in the cut, folding them along
the lines indicated, and joining their edges, the five regular
solids may be formed.</note>
<hw>Ste`re*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>meter</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physics)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument for measuring
the solid contents of a body, or the capacity of a vessel; a
volumenometer.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for determining the specific
gravity of liquid bodies, porous bodies, and powders, as well as
solids.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ste`re*o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Ste`re*o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>st\'82r\'82om\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of
or pertaining to stereometry; performed or obtained by
stereometry. -- <wordforms><wf>Ste`re*o*met"ric*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Ste`re*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>-metry</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>st\'82r\'82om\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of
measuring and computing the cubical contents of bodies and
figures; -- distinguished from <xex>planimetry</xex>.</def>
<hw>Ste`re*o*mon"o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>mono-</ets> +
<ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument with two lenses, by
which an image of a single picture projected upon a screen of
ground glass is made to present an appearance of relief, and may
be viewed by several persons at once.</def>
<hw>Ste"re*o*plasm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ anything formed or
molded.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The solid or insoluble
portion of the cell protoplasm. See <er>Hygroplasm</er>.</def>
<hw>Ste`re*op"ti*con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Stereo-</er>, and <er>Optic</er>.]</ety> <def>An
instrument, consisting essentially of a magic lantern in which
photographic pictures are used, by which the image of a
landscape, or any object, may be thrown upon a screen in such a
manner as to seem to stand out in relief, so as to form a
striking and accurate representation of the object itself; also,
a pair of magic lanterns for producing the effect of dissolving
views.</def>
<hw>Ste"re*o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An
optical instrument for giving to pictures the appearance of solid
forms, as seen in nature. It combines in one, through a bending
of the rays of light, two pictures, taken for the purpose from
points of view a little way apart. It is furnished with two
eyeglasses, and by refraction or reflection the pictures are
superimposed, so as to appear as one to the observer.</def>
<note><hand/ In the <xex>reflecting stereoscope</xex>, the rays
from the two pictures are turned into the proper direction for
stereoscopic vision by two plane mirrors set at an angle with
each other, and between the pictures. In the <xex>lenticular
stereoscope</xex>, the form in general use, the eyeglasses are
semilenses, or marginal portions of the same convex lenses, set
with their edges toward each other, so that they deflect the rays
coming from the picture so as to strike the eyes as if coming
direct from an intermediate point, where the two pictures are
seen apparently as one.</note>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ste`re*o*scop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Ste`re*o*scop"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to the stereoscope; characteristic of, or
adapted to, the stereoscope; <as>as, a <ex>stereoscopic</ex>
effect; the <ex>stereoscopic</ex> function of the eyeglasses;
<ex>stereoscopic</ex> views</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Ste`re*o*scop"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<-- 2. Permitting the perception of depth by exhibiting different
views to each eye; as, a sereoscopic microscope, i.e. one in
which each eye views the subject from a different angle, through
separate optical paths. -->
<hw>Ste`re*os"co*pist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
skilled in the use or construction of stereoscopes.</def>
<-- p. 1412 -->
<hw>Ste`re*os"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art
or science of using the stereoscope, or of constructing the
instrument or the views used with it.</def>
<hw>Ste`re*o*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>static</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil.
Engin.)</fld> <def>Geostatic.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Ste`re*o*tom"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Ste`re*o*tom"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to stereotomy; performed by
stereotomy.</def>
<hw>Ste`re*ot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut: cf. F.
<ets>st\'82r\'82otomie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science or art of
cutting solids into certain figures or sections, as arches, and
the like; especially, the art of stonecutting.</def>
<hw>Ste"re*o*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>st\'82r\'82otype</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A plate
forming an exact faximile of a page of type or of an engraving,
used in printing books, etc.; specifically, a plate with
type-metal face, used for printing.</def>
<note><hand/ A <xex>stereotype</xex>, or <xex>stereotypr
plate</xex>, is made by setting movable type as for ordinary
printing; from these a cast is taken in plaster of Paris, paper
pulp, or the like, and upon this cast melted type metal is
poured, which, when hardened, makes a solid page or column, from
which the impression is taken as from type.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art or process of making such plates, or of
executing work by means of them.</def>
<cs><col>Stereotype block</col>, <cd>a block, usually of wood, to
which a stereotype plate is attached while being used in
printing.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ste"re*o*type</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &
p. p.</pos> <er>Stereotyped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stereotyping</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>st\'82r\'82otyper</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To prepare for printing in stereotype; to make the
stereotype plates of; <as>as, to <ex>stereotype</ex> the
Bible</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To make firm or permanent; to fix.</def>
<q>Powerful causes tending to <qex>stereotype</qex> and aggravate
the poverty of old conditions.</q>
<qau>Duke of Argyll (1887).</qau>
<hw>Ste"re*o*typed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Formed into, or printed from, stereotype plates.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Formed in a fixed, unchangeable manner;
<as>as, <ex>stereotyped</ex> opinions</as>.</def>
<q>Our civilization, with its <qex>stereotyped</qex> ways and
smooth conventionalities.</q>
<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>
<hw>Ste"re*o*ty`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
stereotypes; one who makes stereotype plates, or works in a
stereotype foundry.</def>
<hw>Ste"re*o*ty`per*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The art, process, or employment of making
stereotype plates.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place where stereotype plates are made; a
stereotype foundry.</def>
<hw>Ste`re*o*typ"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to stereotype, or stereotype plates.</def>
<hw>Ste"re*o*ty`pist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
stereotyper.</def>
<hw>Ste`re*o*ty*pog"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>A stereotype printer.</def>
<hw>Ste`re*o*ty*pog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>typography</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
act or art of printing from stereotype plates.</def>
<hw>Ste"re*o*ty`py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>st\'82r\'82otypie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of
making stereotype plates.</def>
<hw>Ster`hy*drau"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stereo-</ets> + <ets>hydraulic</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Pertaining to, or designating, a kind of hydraulic press;
resembling such a press in action or principle.</def>
<cs><col>Sterhydraulic press</col>, <cd>an hydraulic press
producing pressure or motion by the introduction of a solid
substance (as a long rod, or a cord wound on a roller) into a
cylinder previously filled with a liquid.</cd></cs>
<hw>Ster"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>st\'82rile</ets>, L. <ets>sterilis</ets>, akin to Gr.
<grk>stereo`s</grk> stiff, solid, <grk>stei^ros</grk> barren,
<grk>stei^ra</grk> a cow that has not calved, Goth.
<ets>stair\'d3</ets>, fem., barren. See <er>Stare</er> to
gaze.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Producing little or no crop;
barren; unfruitful; unproductive; not fertile; <as>as,
<ex>sterile</ex> land; a <ex>sterile</ex> desert; a
<ex>sterile</ex> year</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Incapable of
reproduction; unfitted for reproduction of offspring; not able to
germinate or bear fruit; unfruitful; <as>as, a <ex>sterile</ex>
flower, which bears only stamens</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Free from reproductive spores or germs; <as>as, a
<ex>sterile</ex> fluid</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Barren of ideas; destitute of sentiment;
<as>as, a <ex>sterile</ex> production or author</as>.</def>
<hw>Ste*ril"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sterilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>st\'82rilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or condition of being sterile.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Quality of being sterile;
infecundity; also, the state of being free from germs or
spores.</def>
<hw>Ster`il*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The act or process of sterilizing, or
rendering sterile; also, the state of being sterile.</def>
<hw>Ster"il*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sterilized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sterilizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>st\'82riliser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make sterile
or unproductive; to impoverish, as land; to exhaust of
fertility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Sterilizing</xex> the
earth.\'b8
<au>Woodward.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To deprive of
the power of reproducing; to render incapable of germination or
fecundation; to make sterile.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To destroy
all spores or germs in (an organic fluid or mixture), as by heat,
so as to prevent the development of bacterial or other
organisms.</def>
<hw>Ster"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.
<ets>sterliade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small
sturgeon (<spn>Acipenser ruthenus</spn>) found in the Caspian Sea
and its rivers, and highly esteemed for its flavor. The finest
caviare is made from its roe.</def>
<hw>Ster"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Starling</er>, 3.</def>
<hw>Ster"ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sterlynge</ets>,
<ets>starling</ets>, for <ets>easterling</ets>, LL.
<ets>esterlingus</ets>, probably from <ets>Easterling</ets>, once
the popular name of German trades in England, whose money was of
the purest quality: cf. MHG. <ets>sterlink</ets> a certain coin.
Cf. <er>East</er>. \'bdCertain merchants of Norwaie, Denmarke,
and of others those parties, called Ostomanni, or (as in our
vulgar language we tearme them), <ets>easterlings</ets>, because
they lie <ets>east</ets> in respect of us.\'b8
<au>Holinshed</au>. \'bdIn the time of . . . King Richard the
First, monie coined in the east parts of Germanie began to be of
especiall request in England for the puritie thereof, and was
called <ets>Easterling</ets> monie, as all inhabitants of those
parts were called <ets>Easterlings</ets>, and shortly after some
of that countrie, skillful in mint matters and allaies, were sent
for into this realme to bring the coine to perfection; which
since that time was called of them <ets>sterling</ets>, for
<ets>Easterling</ets>.\'b8 <au>Camden</au>. \'bdFour thousand
pound of <ets>sterlings</ets>.\'b8 <au>R. of
Gloucester</au>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any English coin of
standard value; coined money.</def>
<q>So that ye offer nobles or <qex>sterlings</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>And Roman wealth in English <qex>sterling</qex> view.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A certain standard of quality or value for
money.</def>
<q><qex>Sterling</qex> was the known and approved standard in
England, in all probability, from the beginning of King Henry the
Second's reign.</q>
<qau>S. M. Leake.</qau>
<hw>Ster"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Belonging to, or relating to, the standard British money of
account, or the British coinage; <as>as, a pound
<ex>sterling</ex>; a shilling <ex>sterling</ex>; a penny
<ex>sterling</ex>; -- now chiefly applied to the lawful money of
England; but <ex>sterling</ex> cost, <ex>sterling</ex> value, are
used.</as></def> \'bdWith <xex>sterling</xex> money.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Genuine; pure; of excellent quality; conforming
to the highest standard; of full value; <as>as, a work of
<ex>sterling</ex> merit; a man of <ex>sterling</ex> good
sense</as>.</def>
<hw>Stern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>stearn</ets> a kind of bird. See <er>Starling</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black tern.</def>
<hw>Stern</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Sterner</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Sternest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sterne</ets>,
<ets>sturne</ets>, AS. <ets>styrne</ets>; cf. D.
<ets>stuurish</ets> stern, Sw. <ets>stursk</ets> refractory.
\'fb166.]</ety> <def>Having a certain hardness or severity of
nature, manner, or aspect; hard; severe; rigid; rigorous;
austere; fixed; unchanging; unrelenting; hence, serious;
resolute; harsh; <as>as, a <ex>stern</ex>resolve; a
<ex>stern</ex> necessity; a <ex>stern</ex> heart; a
<ex>stern</ex> gaze; a <ex>stern</ex> decree.</as></def>
<q>The <qex>sterne</qex> wind so loud gan to rout.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>I would outstare the <qex>sternest</qex> eyes that look.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>When that the poor have cried, C\'91sar hath wept;
Ambition should be made of <qex>sterner</qex> stuff.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q><qex>Stern</qex> as tutors, and as uncles hard.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>These barren rocks, your <qex>stern</qex> inheritance.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Gloomy; sullen; forbidding; strict; unkind;
hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel; pitiless.</syn>
<hw>Stern</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>stj\'d3rn</ets> a
steering, or a doubtful AS. <ets>ste\'a2rn</ets>. \'fb166. See
<er>Steer</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The helm
or tiller of a vessel or boat; also, the rudder.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The after or rear end of a
ship or other vessel, or of a boat; the part opposite to the
stem, or prow.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: The post of management or direction.</def>
<q>And sit chiefest <qex>stern</qex> of public weal.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The hinder part of anything.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The tail of an animal; -- now used only of the
tail of a dog.</def>
<cs><col>By the stern</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>By
the head</cref>, under <er>By</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stern</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being in the stern, or being
astern; <as>as, the <ex>stern</ex> davits</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Stern board</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a going or
falling astern; a loss of way in making a tack; <as>as, to make a
<ex>stern board<ex></as>. See <er>Board</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 8
<sd>(b)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Stern chase</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>See under <er>Chase</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A stern chaser.</cd> -- <col>Stern chaser</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a cannon placed in a ship's stern,
pointing backward, and intended to annoy a ship that is in
pursuit.</cd> -- <col>Stern fast</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a
rope used to confine the stern of a ship or other vessel, as to a
wharf or buoy.</cd> -- <col>Stern frame</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>the framework of timber forms the stern of a ship.</cd> --
<col>Stern knee</col>. <cd>See <er>Sternson</er>.</cd> --
<col>Stern port</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a port, or opening,
in the stern of a ship.</cd> -- <col>Stern sheets</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>that part of an open boat which is
between the stern and the aftmost seat of the rowers, -- usually
furnished with seats for passengers.</cd> -- <col>Stern
wheel</col>, <cd>a paddle wheel attached to the stern of the
steamboat which it propels.</cd></cs><-- thus, <col>stern
wheeler</col>. -->
<hw>Stern"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stern.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Ster"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to the sternum; in the region of the
sternum.</def>
<cs><col>Sternal ribs</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Rib</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 1.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stern"berg*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So
named after Count Kaspar <ets>Sternberg</ets> of Prague.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A sulphide of silver and iron, occurring
in soft flexible lamin\'91 varying in color from brown to
black.</def>
<hw>\'d8Ster"ne*bra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sternebr\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr.
<ets>sternum</ets> + <ets>-bra</ets> of
<ets>vertebra</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the
segments of the sternum.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Ster"ne*bral</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sterned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a stern
of a particular shape; -- used in composition; <as>as,
square-<ex>sterned</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Stern"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 3d
<er>Stern</er>.]</ety> <def>A director.</def> <mark>[Obs. &
R.]</mark>
<au>Dr. R. Clerke.</au>
<hw>Stern`fore"most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With
the stern, instead of the bow, in advance; hence, figuratively,
in an awkward, blundering manner.</def>
<q>A fatal genius for going <qex>sternforemost</qex>.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<hw>Ster"nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Sternum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sternum
of an arthropod somite.</def>
<hw>Stern"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a stern
manner.</def>
<hw>Stern"most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Farthest in
the rear; farthest astern; <as>as, the <ex>sternmost</ex> ship in
a convoy</as>.</def>
<hw>Stern"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being stern.</def>
<hw>Ster"no-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form used in
anatomy to indicate <xex>connection with</xex>, or <xex>relation
to</xex>, <xex>the sternum</xex>; <as>as, <ex>sterno</ex>costal,
<ex>sterno</ex>scapular</as>.</def>
<hw>Ster`no*cor"a*coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the sternum and the
coracoid.</def>
<hw>Ster`no*cos"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sterno-</ets> + <ets>costal</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the sternum and the
ribs; <as>as, the <ex>sternocostal</ex> cartilages</as>.</def>
<hw>Ster`no*hy"oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the sternum and the
hyoid bone or cartilage.</def>
<hw>Ster`no*mas"toid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the sternum and the
mastoid process.</def>
<hw>Ster`no*thy"roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the sternum and the
thyroid cartilage.</def>
<hw>Stern"post`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A straight piece of timber, or an iron
bar or beam, erected on the extremity of the keel to support the
rudder, and receive the ends of the planks or plates of the
vessel.</def>
<hw>Sterns"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
steersman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stern"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stern</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Stemson</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The end of a ship's keelson, to which the
sternpost is bolted; -- called also <altname>stern
knee</altname>.</def>
<hw>Ster"num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.
<plw>Sterna</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Sternums</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, the breast,
chest.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A plate of
cartilage, or a series of bony or cartilaginous plates or
segments, in the median line of the pectoral skeleton of most
vertebrates above fishes; the breastbone.</def>
<note><hand/ The sternum is connected with the ribs or the
pectorial girdle, or with both. In man it is a flat bone, broad
anteriorly, narrowed behind, and connected with the clavicles and
the cartilages of the seven anterior pairs of ribs. In most birds
it has a high median keel for the attachment of the muscles of
the wings.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ventral part of any
one of the somites of an arthropod.</def>
<hw>Ster`nu*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sternutatio</ets>, fr. <ets>sternutare</ets> to sneeze,
intens. from <ets>sternuere</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
sneezing.</def>
<au>Quincy.</au>
<hw>Ster*nu"ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the quality of provoking to sneeze.</def>
<hw>Ster*nu"ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sternutative.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sternutatory substance or medicine.</def></def2>
<hw>Stern"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The movement of a ship backward, or with
her stern foremost.</def>
<hw>Stern"-wheel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
paddle wheel at the stern; <as>as, a <ex>stern-wheel</ex>
steamer</as>.</def>
<hw>Stern"-wheel`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
steamboat having a stern wheel instead of side wheels.</def>
<mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Ster*quil"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sterquilinium</ets> a dung pit, fr. <ets>stercus</ets>
dung.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a dunghill; hence, mean; dirty;
paltry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Ster"re</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A star.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Ster"rink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The crab-eating seal (<spn>Lobodon
carcinophaga</spn>) of the Antarctic Ocean.</def>
<hw>Ster"ro*met`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
firm, solid + E. <ets>metal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any alloy of
copper, zinc, tin, and iron, of which cannon are sometimes
made.</def>
<hw>Stert</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>p. p.</pos>
<mord>of <er>Start</er></mord>. <def>Started.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Ster"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.
p.</pos> of <er>Start</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Ster*to"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Stertorous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Ster"to*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stertere</ets> to snore: cf. F.
<ets>stertoreux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by a deep
snoring, which accompaines inspiration in some diseases,
especially apoplexy; hence, hoarsely breathing; snoring.</def>
<q>Burning, <qex>stertorous</qex> breath that hurt her cheek.</q>
<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>
<q>The day has ebbed away, and it is night in his room, before
his <qex>stertorous</qex> breathing lulls.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<hw>Sterve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To die,
or cause to die; to perish. See <er>Starve</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. Spenser.</au>
<hw>Stet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>L., <pos>subj. 3d pers.
sing.</pos> of <ets>stare</ets> to stand, remain.</ety> <ety>[See
<er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Let it stand; --
a word used by proof readers to signify that something once
erased, or marked for omission, is to remain.</def>
<hw>Stet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stetted</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stetting</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Print.)</fld>
<def>To cause or direct to remain after having been marked for
omission; to mark with the word <xex>stet</xex>, or with a series
of dots below or beside the matter; <as>as, the proof reader
<ex>stetted</ex> a deled footnote</as>.</def>
<hw>Steth"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Ste</ets>aric + <ets>ethal</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the higher alcohols of the methane
series, homologous with ethal, and found in small quantities as
an ethereal salt of stearic acid in spermaceti.</def>
<hw>Steth"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
the breast + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Pneumatograph</er>.</def>
<hw>Ste*thom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
chest + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An
apparatus for measuring the external movements of a given point
of the chest wall, during respiration; -- also called
<altname>thoracometer</altname>.</def>
<hw>Steth"o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
the breast + <ets>-scope</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>st\'82thoscope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An
instrument used in auscultation for examining the organs of the
chest, as the heart and lungs, by conveying to the ear of the
examiner the sounds produced in the thorax.</def>
<hw>Steth"o*scope</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To auscultate, or
examine, with a stethoscope.</def>
<au>M. W. Savage.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Steth`o*scop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Steth`o*scop"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>st\'82thoscopique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to a stethoscope; obtained or made by means of a
stethoscope.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Steth`o*scop"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Ste*thos"co*pist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
skilled in the use of the stethoscope.</def>
<hw>Ste*thos"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art
or process of examination by the stethoscope.</def>
<hw>Steve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stevedore</er>.]</ety> <def>To pack or stow, as cargo in a
ship's hold. See <er>Steeve</er>.</def>
<hw>Ste"ve*dore`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.
<ets>estivador</ets> a packer, a stower, fr. <ets>estivar</ets>
to pack, to stow, L. <ets>stipare</ets> to press, compress,
probably akin to E. <ets>stiff</ets>. See <er>Stiff</er>,
<er>Stive</er> to stuff.]</ety> <def>One whose occupation is to
load and unload vessels in port; one who stows a cargo in a
hold.</def>
<hw>Ste"ven</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>stefn</ets>, <ets>stemn</ets>, voice; akin to D.
<ets>stem</ets>, G. <ets>stimme</ets>, Goth.
<ets>stibna</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Voice; speech;
language.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>
<q>Ye have as merry a <qex>steven</qex>
As any angel hath that is in heaven.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An outcry; a loud call; a clamor.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<cs><col>To set steven</col>, <cd>to make an appointment.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>
<q>They <qex>setten steven</qex> for to meet
To playen at the dice.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Stew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Stow</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small pond or pool where
fish are kept for the table; a vivarium.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. Evelyn.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An artificial bed of oysters.</def>
<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Stew</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stewed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stewing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stuven</ets>, OF.
<ets>estuver</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tuver</ets>, fr. OF.
<ets>estuve</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tuve</ets>, a sweating house, a
room heated for a bath; probably of Teutonic origin, and akin to
E. <ets>stove</ets>. See <er>Stove</er>, and cf. <er>Stive</er>
to stew.]</ety> <def>To boil slowly, or with the simmering or
moderate heat; to seethe; to cook in a little liquid, over a
gentle fire, without boiling; <as>as, to <ex>stew</ex> meat; to
<ex>stew</ex> oysters; to <ex>stew</ex> apples</as>.</def>
<-- p. 1413 -->
<hw>Stew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be seethed
or cooked in a slow, gentle manner, or in heat and
moisture.</def>
<hw>Stew</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>stue</ets>,
<ets>stuwe</ets>, OF. <ets>estuve</ets>. See <er>Stew</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place of stewing or
seething; a place where hot bathes are furnished; a
hothouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>As burning \'92tna from his boiling <qex>stew</qex>
Doth belch out flames.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>The Lydians were inhibited by Cyrus to use any armor, and give
themselves to baths and <qex>stews</qex>.</q>
<qau>Abp. Abbot.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A brothel; -- usually in the plural.</def>
<au>Bacon. South.</au>
<q>There be that hate harlots, and never were at the
<qex>stews</qex>.</q>
<qau>Aschman.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir A. Weldon.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A dish prepared by stewing; <as>as, a
<ex>stew</ex>of pigeons</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A state of agitating excitement; a state of
worry; confusion; <as>as, to be in a <ex>stew</ex></as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Stew"ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stiward</ets>, AS. <ets>st\'c6weard</ets>,
<ets>stigweard</ets>, literally, a sty ward; <ets>stigu</ets> sty
+ <ets>weard</ets> warden, guardian, -- his first duty having
been probably to attend to the domestic animals. \'fb164. See
<er>Sty</er> pen for swine, <er>Ward</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A man employed in a large family, or on a large estate, to
manage the domestic concerns, supervise other servants, collect
the rents or income, keep accounts, and the like.</def>
<q>Worthy to be <qex>stewards</qex> of rent and land.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>They came near to the <qex>steward</qex> of Joseph's
house.</q>
<qau>Gen. xliii. 19.</qau>
<q>As good <qex>stewards</qex> of the manifold grace of God.</q>
<qau>1 Pet. iv. 10.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person employed in a hotel, or a club, or on
board a ship, to provide for the table, superintend the culinary
affairs, etc. In naval vessels, the captain's <xex>steward</xex>,
wardroom <xex>steward</xex>, steerage <xex>steward</xex>, warrant
officers <xex>steward</xex>, etc., are petty officers who provide
for the messes under their charge.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fiscal agent of certain bodies; <as>as, a
<ex>steward</ex> in a Methodist church</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>In some colleges, an officer who provides food
for the students and superintends the kitchen; also, an officer
who attends to the accounts of the students.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>In Scotland, a magistrate appointed by the crown
to exercise jurisdiction over royal lands.</def>
<au>Erskine.</au>
<cs><col>Lord high steward</col>, <cd>formerly, the first officer
of the crown; afterward, an officer occasionally appointed, as
for a coronation, or upon the trial of a peer.</cd>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Stew"ard</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To manage as a
steward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stew"ard*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female steward;
specifically, a woman employed in passenger vessels to attend to
the wants of female passengers.</def>
<hw>Stew"ard*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a manner, or with
the care, of a steward.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>To be <qex>stewardly</qex> dispensed, not wastefully
spent.</q>
<qau>Tooker.</qau>
<hw>Stew"ard*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a
steward.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stew"art*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An overseer or superintendent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bdThe <xex>stewartry</xex> of provisions.\'b8
<au>Tooke.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The office of a steward; stewardship.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Byron.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>In Scotland, the jurisdiction of a steward;
also, the lands under such jurisdiction.</def>
<hw>Stew"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suiting a stew, or
brothel.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Stew"pan`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pan used
for stewing.</def>
<hw>Stew"pot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pot used
for stewing.</def>
<hw>Stey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Stee</er>.</def>
<hw>Sthen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
strength: cf. F. <ets>sth\'82nique</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Strong; active; -- said especially of
morbid states attended with excessive action of the heart and
blood vessels, and characterized by strength and activity of the
muscular and nervous system; <as>as, a <ex>sthenic</ex>
fever</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sthenic theory</col>. <cd>See <er>Stimulism</er>
<sd>(a)</sd>.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Sti*ac*cia"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,
crushed, flattened.]</ety> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>The lowest
relief, -- often used in Italian sculpture of the 15th and 16th
centuries.</def>
<hw>Sti"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sty on the
eye. See <er>Styan</er>.</def>
<hw>Stib"born</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Stubborn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Stib"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stibium</er>.]</ety> <def>Like, or having the qualities of,
antimony; antimonial.</def>
<hw>Stib"i*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antimonial intoxication or
poisoning.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>Stib"i*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>stibiatus</ets>, from L. <ets>stibium</ets> antimony.]</ety>
<fld>(Med. Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined or impregnated with
antimony (<xex>stibium</xex>).</def>
<cs><col>Stibiated tartar</col>. <cd>See <cref>Tartar
emetic</cref>, under <er>Tartar</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stib"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Antimonic; -- used with reference to certain compounds of
antimony.</def>
<hw>Stib"i*co*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A native oxide of antimony occurring in
masses of a yellow color.</def>
<hw>Stib"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Antimony hydride, or hydrogen antimonide, a colorless gas
produced by the action of nascent hydrogen on antimony. It has a
characteristic odor and burns with a characteristic greenish
flame. Formerly called also <altname>antimoniureted
hydrogen</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stib"i*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Antimonious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Stib"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stibium</ets>, <ets>stibi</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The technical name of
antimony.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Stibnite.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stib"nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>A mineral of a lead-gray color and brilliant metallic
luster, occurring in prismatic crystals; sulphide of antimony; --
called also <altname>antimony glance</altname>, and <altname>gray
antimony</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sti*bo"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical
<chform>SbH4</chform>, analogous to ammonium; -- called also
<altname>antimonium</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stic*ca"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.
<ets>steccato</ets> a palisade.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An
instrument consisting of small bars of wood, flat at the bottom
and rounded at the top, and resting on the edges of a kind of
open box. They are unequal in size, gradually increasing from the
smallest to the largest, and are tuned to the diatonic scale. The
tones are produced by striking the pieces of wood with hard balls
attached to flexible sticks.</def>
<hw>Stich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>sti`chos</grk> a row, line, akin to to go, march, E.
<ets>sty</ets>, v.i.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A verse, of whatever
measure or number of feet.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A line in the Scriptures; specifically
<fld>(Hebrew Scriptures)</fld>, one of the rhythmic lines in the
poetical books and passages of the Old Treatment, as written in
the oldest Hebrew manuscripts and in the Revised Version of the
English Bible.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A row, line, or rank of trees.</def>
<hw>Stich"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>stichiko`s</grk>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to stichs, or
lines; consisting of stichs, or lines.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sti*chid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stichida</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/,
dim. of <?/ a row.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A special
podlike or fusiform branch containing tetraspores. It is found in
certain red alg\'91.</def>
<hw>Stich"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
a line + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by lines, or
passages of books, taken at hazard.</def>
<hw>Stich`o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
or pertaining to stichometry; characterized by stichs, or
lines.</def>
<hw>Stich*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
a line + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Measurement
of books by the number of lines which they contain.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Division of the text of a book into lines;
especially, the division of the text of books into lines
accommodated to the sense, -- a method of writing manuscripts
used before punctuation was adopted.</def>
<hw>Stich"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of chickweed (<spn>Stellaria
Holostea</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>stitchwort</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Stick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sticke</ets>, AS. <ets>sticca</ets>; akin to
<ets>stician</ets> to stab, prick, pierce, G. <ets>stecken</ets>
a stick, staff, OHG. <ets>steccho</ets>, Icel. <ets>stik</ets> a
stick. See <er>Stick</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A small shoot, or branch, separated, as by a cutting, from a
tree or shrub; also, any stem or branch of a tree, of any size,
cut for fuel or timber.</def>
<q>Withered <qex>sticks</qex> to gather, which might serve
Against a winter's day.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any long and comparatively slender piece of
wood, whether in natural form or shaped with tools; a rod; a
wand; a staff; <as>as, the <ex>stick</ex> of a rocket; a walking
<ex>stick</ex>.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything shaped like a stick; <as>as, a
<ex>stick</ex> of wax</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A derogatory expression for a person; one who is
inert or stupid; <as>as, an odd <ex>stick</ex>; a poor
<ex>stick</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A composing stick. See under
<er>Composing</er>. It is usually a frame of metal, but for
posters, handbills, etc., one made of wood is used.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A thrust with a pointed instrument; a
stab.</def>
<cs><col>A stick of eels</col>, <cd>twenty-five eels.</cd>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Stick chimney</col>, <cd>a
chimney made of sticks laid crosswise, and cemented with clay or
mud, as in some log houses.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> --
<col>Stick insect</col>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
various species of wingless orthopterous insects of the family
<spn>Phasmid\'91</spn>, which have a long round body, resembling
a stick in form and color, and long legs, which are often held
rigidly in such positions as to make them resemble small twigs.
They thus imitate the branches and twigs of the trees on which
they live. The common American species is <spn>Diapheromera
femorata</spn>. Some of the Asiatic species are more than a foot
long.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To cut one's stick</col>, <or/ <col>To
cut stick</col></mcol>, <cd>to run away.</cd>
<mark>[Slang]</mark> <au>De Quincey.</au></cs>
<hw>Stick</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stuck</er> <pr>(?)</pr> (<mark>Obs.</mark>
<er>Sticked</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sticking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stikien</ets>,
v.t. & i., combined with <ets>steken</ets>, whence E.
<ets>stuck</ets>), AS. <ets>stician</ets>, v.t. & i., and
(assumed) <ets>stecan</ets>, v.t.; akin to OFries.
<ets>steka</ets>, OS. <ets>stekan</ets>, OHG. <ets>stehhan</ets>,
G. <ets>stechen</ets>, and to Gr. <?/ to prick, Skr.
<ets>tij</ets> to be sharp. Cf. <er>Distinguish</er>,
<er>Etiquette</er>, <er>Extinct</er>, <er>Instigate</er>,
<er>Instinct</er>, <er>Prestige</er>, <er>Stake</er>,
<er>Steak</er>, <er>Stick</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Stigma</er>,
<er>Stimulate</er>, <er>Sting</er>, <er>Stitch</er> in sewing,
<er>Style</er> for or in writing.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
penetrate with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to stab; hence,
to kill by piercing; <as>as, to <ex>stick</ex> a
beast</as>.</def>
<q>And <qex>sticked</qex> him with bodkins anon.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>It was a shame . . . to <qex>stick</qex> him under the other
gentleman's arm while he was redding the fray.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to penetrate; to push, thrust, or
drive, so as to pierce; <as>as, to <ex>stick</ex> a needle into
one's finger</as>.</def>
<q>Thou <qex>stickest</qex> a dagger in me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fasten, attach, or cause to remain, by
thrusting in; hence, also, to adorn or deck with things fastened
on as by piercing; <as>as, to <ex>stick</ex> a pin on the
sleeve</as>.</def>
<q>My shroud of white, <qex>stuck</qex> all with yew.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The points of spears are <qex>stuck</qex> within the
shield.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To set; to fix in; <as>as, to <ex>stick</ex>
card teeth</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To set with something pointed; <as>as, to
<ex>stick</ex> cards</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To fix on a pointed instrument; to impale;
<as>as, to <ex>stick</ex> an apple on a fork</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To attach by causing to adhere to the surface;
<as>as, to <ex>stick</ex> on a plaster; to <ex>stick</ex> a stamp
on an envelope; also, to attach in any manner</as>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To compose; to set, or
arrange, in a composing stick; <as>as, to <ex>stick</ex>
type</as>.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Joinery)</fld> <def>To run or plane (moldings)
in a machine, in contradistinction to working them by hand. Such
moldings are said to be <xex>stuck</xex>.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>To cause to stick; to bring to a stand; to
pose; to puzzle; <as>as, to <ex>stick</ex> one with a hard
problem</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>To impose upon; to compel to pay; sometimes, to
cheat.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<cs><col>To stick out</col>, <cd>to cause to project or protrude;
to render prominent.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
adhere; <as>as, glue <ex>sticks</ex> to the fingers; paste
<ex>sticks</ex> to the wall</as>.</def>
<q>The green caterpillar breedeth in the inward parts of roses
not blown, where the dew <qex>sticketh</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To remain where placed; to be fixed; to hold
fast to any position so as to be moved with difficulty; to cling;
to abide; to cleave; to be united closely.</def>
<q>A friend that <qex>sticketh</qex> closer than a brother.</q>
<qau>Prov. xviii. 24.</qau>
<q>I am a kind of bur; I shall <qex>stick</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>If on your fame our sex a bolt has thrown,
'T will ever <qex>stick</qex> through malice of your own.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be prevented from going farther; to stop by
reason of some obstacle; to be stayed.</def>
<q>I had most need of blessing, and \'bdAmen\'b8
<qex>Stuck</qex> in my throat.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The trembling weapon passed
Through nine bull hides, . . . and <qex>stuck</qex> within the
last.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be embarrassed or puzzled; to hesitate; to be
deterred, as by scruples; to scruple; -- often with
<xex>at</xex>.</def>
<q>They will <qex>stick</qex> long at part of a demonstration for
want of perceiving the connection of two ideas.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<q>Some <qex>stick</qex> not to say, that the parson and attorney
forged a will.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cause difficulties, scruples, or
hesitation.</def>
<q>This is the difficulty that <qex>sticks</qex> with the most
reasonable.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<cs><col>To stick by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To adhere closely
to; to be firm in supporting</cd>. \'bdWe are your only friends;
<xex>stick by<xex> us, and we will <xex>stick by<xex> you.\'b8
<au>Davenant</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be troublesome by
adhering.</cd> \'bdI am satisfied to trifle away my time, rather
than let it <xex>stick by<xex> me.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>. -- <col>To
stick out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To project; to be
prominent.</cd> \'bdHis bones that were not seen <xex>stick
out</xex>.\'b8 <au>Job xxxiii. 21</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To
persevere in a purpose; to hold out; as, the garrison <xex>stuck
out</xex> until relieved.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><-- also
<pos>v.i.</pos> to stick it out. --> -- <col>To stick
to</col></mcol>, <cd>to be persevering in holding to; <as>as,
<ex>to stick to<ex> a party or cause</as>.</cd> \'bdThe advantage
will be on our side if we <xex>stick to<xex> its essentials.\'b8
<au>Addison</au>. -- <col>To stick up</col>, <cd>to stand erect;
<as>as, his hair <ex>sticks up<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To stick up
for</col>, <cd>to assert and defend; <as>as, <ex>to stick up
for</ex> one's rights or for a friend</as>.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To stick upon</col>, <cd>to dwell
upon; not to forsake.</cd> \'bdIf the matter be knotty, the mind
must stop and buckle to it, and <xex>stick upon<xex> it with
labor and thought.\'b8 <au>Locke</au>.</cs>
<hw>Stick"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>imp.</pos>
<mord>of <er>Stick</er></mord>. <def>Stuck.</def>
<q>And in the sand her ship <qex>sticked</qex> so fast.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>They <qex>sticked</qex> not to give their bodies to be
burnt.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<hw>Stick"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, sticks; <as>as, a bill
<ex>sticker</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which causes one to stick; that which
puzzles or poses.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Tackeray.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In the organ, a small wooden
rod which connects (in part) a key and a pallet, so as to
communicate motion by pushing.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Paster</er>, 2.</def>
<mark>[Political Cant, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Stick"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stickfuls</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Print.)</fld>
<def>As much set type as fills a composing stick.</def>
<hw>Stick"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality of being sticky; <as>as, the <ex>stickiness</ex> of glue
or paste</as>.</def>
<hw>Stick"ing</hw>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from <er>Stick</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Sticking piece</col>, <cd>a piece of beef cut from the
neck.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Sticking place</col>,
<cd>the place where a thing sticks, or remains fast; sticking
point.</cd>
<q>But screw your courage to the <qex>sticking place</qex>,
And we'll not fail.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
-- <col>Sticking plaster</col>, <cd>an adhesive plaster for
closing wounds, and for similar uses.</cd> -- <col>Sticking
point</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Sticking place</cref>,
above.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stick"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stuck; spoiled
in making.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<cs><col>Stickit minister</col>, <cd>a candidate for the clerical
office who fails, disqualified by incompetency or
immorality.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stick"-lac`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See the
Note under <er>Lac</er>.</def>
<hw>Stic"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stickled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stickling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably fr. OE.
<ets>stightlen</ets>, <ets>sti<?/tlen</ets>, to dispose, arrange,
govern, freq. of <ets>stihten</ets>, AS. <ets>stihtan</ets>: cf.
G. <ets>stiften</ets> to found, to establish.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To separate combatants by intervening.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>When he [the angel] sees half of the Christians killed, and
the rest in a fair way of being routed, he <qex>stickles</qex>
betwixt the remainder of God's host and the race of fiends.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To contend, contest, or altercate, esp. in a
pertinacious manner on insufficient grounds.</def>
<q>Fortune, as she 's wont, turned fickle,
And for the foe began to <qex>stickle</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hudibras.</qau>
<q>While for paltry punk they roar and <qex>stickle</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The obstinacy with which he <qex>stickles</qex> for the
wrong.</q>
<qau>Hazlitt.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To play fast and loose; to pass from one side to
the other; to trim.</def>
<hw>Stic"kle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To separate,
as combatants; hence, to quiet, to appease, as disputants.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Which [question] violently they pursue,
Nor <qex>stickled</qex> would they be.</q>
<qau>Drayton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To intervene in; to stop, or put an end to, by
intervening; hence, to arbitrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They ran to him, and, pulling him back by force,
<qex>stickled</qex> that unnatural fray.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<hw>Stic"kle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>stick</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos> & <ets>i</ets>.]</ety> <def>A shallow rapid in a
river; also, the current below a waterfall.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<q>Patient anglers, standing all the day
Near to some shallow <qex>stickle</qex> or deep bay.</q>
<qau>W. Browne.</qau>
<hw>Stic"kle-back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. &
Prov E. <ets>stickle</ets> a prickle, spine, sting (AS.
<ets>sticel</ets>) + <ets>back</ets>. See <er>Stick</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Banstickle</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small
fishes of the genus <spn>Gasterosteus</spn> and allied genera.
The back is armed with two or more sharp spines. They inhabit
both salt and brackish water, and construct curious nests. Called
also <altname>sticklebag</altname>, <altname>sharpling</altname>,
and <altname>prickleback</altname>.</def>
<-- p. 1414 -->
<hw>Stic"kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stickle</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>One who
stickles.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who arbitrates a duel; a sidesman to a
fencer; a second; an umpire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Basilius, the judge, appointed <qex>sticklers</qex> and
trumpets whom the others should obey.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<q>Our former chiefs, like <qex>sticklers</qex> of the war,
First sought to inflame the parties, then to poise.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who pertinaciously contends for some
trifling things, as a point of etiquette; an unreasonable,
obstinate contender; <as>as, a <ex>stickler</ex> for
ceremony</as>.</def>
<q>The Tory or High-church were the greatest <qex>sticklers</qex>
against the exorbitant proceedings of King James II.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Stick"-seed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Echinospermum Lappula</spn>)
of the Borage family, with small blue flowers and prickly
nutlets.</def>
<hw>Stick"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The ruddy
duck.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Stick"-tight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Beggar's ticks.</def>
<hw>Stick"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Stickier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Stickiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Having
the quality of sticking to a surface; adhesive; gluey; viscous;
viscid; glutinous; tenacious.</def>
<q>Herbs which last longest are those of strong smell, and with a
<qex>sticky</qex> stalk.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<hw>Stid"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stithy</er>.]</ety> <def>An anvil; also, a smith shop. See
<er>Stithy</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Stiff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Stiffer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Stiffest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stif</ets>, AS. <ets>st\'c6f</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>stijf</ets>, G. <ets>steif</ets>, Dan. <ets>stiv</ets>, Sw.
<ets>styf</ets>, Icel. <ets>st\'c6fr</ets>, Lith.
<ets>stipti</ets> to be stiff; cf. L. <ets>stipes</ets> a post,
trunk of a tree, <ets>stipare</ets> to press, compress. Cf.
<er>Costive</er>, <er>Stifle</er>, <er>Stipulate</er>,
<er>Stive</er> to stuff.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not easily bent;
not flexible or pliant; not limber or flaccid; rigid; firm;
<as>as, <ex>stiff</ex> wood, paper, joints</as>.</def>
<q>[They] rising on <qex>stiff</qex> pennons, tower
The mid a\'89rial sky.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not liquid or fluid; thick and tenacious;
inspissated; neither soft nor hard; <as>as, the paste is
<ex>stiff</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Firm; strong; violent; difficult to oppose;
<as>as, a <ex>stiff</ex> gale or breeze</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not easily subdued; unyielding; stubborn;
obstinate; pertinacious; <as>as, a <ex>stiff</ex>
adversary</as>.</def>
<q>It is a shame to stand <qex>stiff</qex> in a foolish
argument.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<q>A war ensues: the Cretans own their cause,
<qex>Stiff</qex> to defend their hospitable laws.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Not natural and easy; formal; constrained;
affected; starched; <as>as, <ex>stiff</ex> behavior; a
<ex>stiff</ex> style</as>.</def>
<q>The French are open, familiar, and talkative; the Italians
<qex>stiff</qex>, ceremonious, and reserved.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Harsh; disagreeable; severe; hard to bear.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark> \'bdThis is <xex>stiff</xex>
news.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Bearing a press of canvas
without careening much; <as>as, a <ex>stiff</ex> vessel; --
opposed to <ex>crank</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Very large, strong, or costly; powerful; <as>as,
a <ex>stiff</ex> charge; a <ex>stiff</ex> price</as>.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<cs><col>Stiff neck</col>, <cd>a condition of the neck such that
the head can not be moved without difficulty and pain.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Rigid; inflexible; strong; hardly; stubborn;
obstinate; pertinacious; harsh; formal; constrained; affected;
starched; rigorous.</syn>
<hw>Stiff"-backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Obstinate.</def>
<au>J. H. Newman.</au>
<hw>Stiff"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stiffened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stiffening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Stiff</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>tiono make stiff; to make
less pliant or flexible; <as>as, to <ex>stiffen</ex> cloth with
starch</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Stiffen</qex> the sinews, summon up the blood.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inspissate; to make more thick or viscous;
<as>as, to <ex>stiffen</ex> paste</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make torpid; to benumb.</def>
<hw>Stiff"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become stiff or
stiffer, in any sense of the adjective.</def>
<q>Like bristles rose my <qex>stiffening</qex> hair.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The tender soil then <qex>stiffening</qex> by degrees.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Some souls we see,
Grow hard and <qex>stiffen</qex> with adversity.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Stiff"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, stiffens anything, as a piece of stiff cloth in a
cravat.</def>
<hw>Stiff"en*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act or
process of making stiff.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something used to make anything stiff.</def>
<cs><col>Stiffening order</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a
permission granted by the customs department to take cargo or
ballast on board before the old cargo is out, in order to steady
the ship.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stiff"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stiff</ets> + <ets>heart</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obstinate;
stubborn; contumacious.</def>
<au>Ezek. ii. 4.</au>
<hw>Stiff"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat stiff.</def>
<hw>Stiff"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a stiff
manner.</def>
<hw>Stiff"-necked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Stubborn; inflexibly obstinate; contumacious; <as>as,
<ex>stiff-necked</ex> pride; a <ex>stiff-necked</ex>
people.</as></def>
<au>Ex. xxxii. 9.</au>
<hw>Stiff"-neck`ed*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being stiff-necked; stubbornness.</def>
<hw>Stiff"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being stiff; <as>as, the <ex>stiffness</ex> of cloth or of paste;
<ex>stiffness</ex> of manner; <ex>stiffness</ex> of
character.</as></def>
<q>The vices of old age have the <qex>stiffness</qex> of it
too.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Stiff"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The ruddy
duck.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Stiff"-tailed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the quill feathers of the tail
somewhat rigid.</def>
<hw>Sti"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Stiff</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The joint next
above the hock, and near the flank, in the hind leg of the horse
and allied animals; the joint corresponding to the knee in man;
-- called also <altname>stifle joint</altname>. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Horse</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Stifle bone</col>, <cd>a small bone at the stifle joint;
the patella, or kneepan.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sti"fle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stifled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stifling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq.
of OE. <ets>stif</ets> stiff; cf. Icel. <ets>st\'c6fla</ets> to
dam up.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stop the breath of by crowding
something into the windpipe, or introducing an irrespirable
substance into the lungs; to choke; to suffocate; to cause the
death of by such means; <as>as, to <ex>stifle</ex> one with smoke
or dust</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Stifled</qex> with kisses, a sweet death he dies.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>I took my leave, being half <qex>stifled</qex> with the
closeness of the room.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stop; to extinguish; to deaden; to quench;
<as>as, to <ex>stifle</ex> the breath; to <ex>stifle</ex> a fire
or flame</as>.</def>
<q>Bodies . . . <qex>stifle</qex> in themselves the rays which
they do not reflect or transmit.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To suppress the manifestation or report of; to
smother; to conceal from public knowledge; <as>as, to
<ex>stifle</ex> a story; to <ex>stifle</ex> passion</as>.</def>
<q>I desire only to have things fairly represented as they really
are; no evidence smothered or <qex>stifled</qex>.</q>
<qau>Waterland.</qau>
<hw>Sti"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To die by
reason of obstruction of the breath, or because some noxious
substance prevents respiration.</def>
<q>You shall <qex>stifle</qex> in your own report.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sti"fled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Stifling.</def>
<q>The close and <qex>stifled</qex> study.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<hw>Sti"fler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, stifles.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>See <er>Camouflet</er>.</def>
<hw>Stig"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Stigmas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Stigmata</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a mark, a brand, from Gr. <?/, <?/,
the prick or mark of a pointed instrument, a spot, mark, from <?/
to prick, to brand. See <er>Stick</er>, <ets>v. t.</ets>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A mark made with a burning iron; a brand.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any mark of infamy or disgrace; sign of moral
blemish; stain or reproach caused by dishonorable conduct;
reproachful characterization.</def>
<q>The blackest <qex>stigma</qex> that can be fastened upon
him.</q>
<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>
<q>All such slaughters were from thence called Bartelmies, simply
in a perpetual <qex>stigma</qex> of that butchery.</q>
<qau>Sir G. Buck.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part of a pistil which
has no epidermis, and is fitted to receive the pollen. It is
usually the terminal portion, and is commonly somewhat glutinous
or viscid. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Stamen</er> and of
<er>Flower</er>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small spot, mark, scar, or
a minute hole; -- applied especially to a spot on the outer
surface of a Graafian follicle, and to spots of intercellular
substance in scaly epithelium, or to minute holes in such
spots.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Pathol.)</fld> <def>A red speck upon the skin,
produced either by the extravasation of blood, as in the bloody
sweat characteristic of certain varieties of religious ecstasy,
or by capillary congestion, as in the case of drunkards.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the
external openings of the trache\'91 of insects, myriapods, and
other arthropods; a spiracle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the
apertures of the pulmonary sacs of arachnids. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Scorpion</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>One of the apertures of the gill of an ascidian, and of
Amphioxus.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A point so connected by any
law whatever with another point, called an <xex>index</xex>, that
as the index moves in any manner in a plane the first point or
stigma moves in a determinate way in the same plane.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Marks
believed to have been supernaturally impressed upon the bodies of
certain persons in imitation of the wounds on the crucified body
of Christ. See def. 5, above.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stig*ma"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Stigma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>The fossil
root stem of a coal plant of the genus
<spn>Sigillaria</spn>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stig"ma*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<def><pos>pl.</pos> of <er>Stigma</er>.<def>
<hw>Stig*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A notorious profligate or criminal who has been branded; one
who bears the marks of infamy or punishment.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bullokar.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person who is marked or deformed by
nature.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stig*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stig*mat"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stigma</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Marked with a stigma, or
with something reproachful to character.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Impressing with infamy or reproach.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot., Anat., etc)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining
to a stigma or stigmata.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Stigmatic geometry</col>, <or/
<col>Stigmatics</col></mcol>, <cd>that science in which the
correspondence of index and stigma (see <er>Stigma</er>, 7) is
made use of to establish geometrical proportions.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stig*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a stigma,
or mark of infamy or deformity.</def>
<hw>Stig"ma*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
believed to be supernaturally impressed with the marks of
Christ's wounds. See <er>Stigma</er>, 8.</def>
<hw>Stig`ma*ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of stigmatizing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The production of
stigmata upon the body. See <er>Stigma</er>, 8.</def>
<hw>Stig"ma*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stigmatized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Stigmatizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>stigmatiser</ets>, Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To mark with a stigma, or brand;
<as>as, the ancients <ex>stigmatized</ex> their slaves and
soldiers</as>.</def>
<q>That . . . hold out both their ears with such delight and
ravishment, to be <qex>stigmatized</qex> and bored through in
witness of their own voluntary and beloved baseness.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To set a mark of disgrace on; to brand with some
mark of reproach or infamy.</def>
<q>To find virtue extolled and vice <qex>stigmatized</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Stig"ma*tose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Stigmatic</er>.</def>
<hw>Stig"o*no*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/, <?/, one who is marked, or one who marks (<?/ to mark with a
pointed instrument, to prick) + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Divination by writing on the bark of a tree.</def>
<hw>Stike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stich</er>.]</ety> <def>Stanza.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sackville.</au>
<hw>Sti"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Stile</er> a style.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the style
of a dial.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>stylar</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Stil"bene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stilbite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon,
<chform>C14H12</chform>, produced artificially in large, fine
crystals; -- called also <altname>diphenyl ethylene</altname>,
<altname>toluylene</altname>, etc.</def>
<hw>Stil"bite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to
glitter, shine: cf. F. <ets>stilbite</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A common mineral of the zeolite family, a
hydrous silicate of alumina and lime, usually occurring in
sheaflike aggregations of crystals, also in radiated masses. It
is of a white or yellowish color, with pearly luster on the
cleavage surface. Called also <altname>desmine</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Style</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pin set on the face of
a dial, to cast a shadow; a style. See <er>Style</er>.</def>
<au>Moxon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Mode of composition. See <er>Style</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>May I not write in such a <qex>stile</qex> as this?</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<hw>Stile</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>stile</ets>, AS.
<ets>stigel</ets> a step, a ladder, from <ets>st\'c6gan</ets> to
ascend; akin to OHG. <ets>stigila</ets> a stile. \'fb164. See
<er>Sty</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf. <er>Stair</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A step, or set of steps, for ascending and
descending, in passing a fence or wall.</def>
<q>There comes my master . . . over the <qex>stile</qex>, this
way.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Over this <qex>stile</qex> in the way to Doubting Castle.</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the upright pieces in
a frame; one of the primary members of a frame, into which the
secondary members are mortised.</def>
<note><hand/ In an ordinary door the principal upright pieces are
called <xex>stiles</xex>, the subordinate upright pieces
<xex>mullions</xex>, and the crosspieces <xex>rails</xex>. In
wainscoting the principal pieces are sometimes called
<xex>stiles</xex>, even when horizontal.</note>
<cs><mcol><col>Hanging stile</col>, <col>Pulley
stile</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Hanging</er>, and
<er>Pulley</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sti"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Written also
<ets>stilette</ets>, and <ets>stylet</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A stiletto.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>See <er>Stylet</er>, 2.</def>
<hw>Sti*let"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stilettos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It., dim. of
<ets>stilo</ets> a dagger, fr. L. <ets>stilus</ets> a pointed
instrument. See <er>Style</er> for writing, and cf.
<er>Stylet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of dagger with a
slender, rounded, and pointed blade.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pointed instrument for making eyelet holes in
embroidery.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A beard trimmed into a pointed form.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The very quack of fashions, the very he that
Wears a <qex>stiletto</qex> on his chin.</q>
<qau>Ford.</qau>
<hw>Sti*let"to</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stilettoed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stilettoing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
stab or kill with a stiletto.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Still</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Stiller</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Stillest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stille</ets>, AS. <ets>stille</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>stil</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>stilli</ets>, G.
<ets>still</ets>, Dan. <ets>stille</ets>, Sw. <ets>stilla</ets>,
and to E. <ets>stall</ets>; from the idea of coming to a stand,
or halt. Cf. <er>Still</er>, <pos>adv.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Motionless; at rest; quiet; <as>as, to stand <ex>still</ex>;
to lie or sit <ex>still</ex></as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Still</xex> as
any stone.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Uttering no sound; silent; <as>as, the audience
is <ex>still</ex>; the animals are <ex>still</ex></as>.</def>
<q>The sea that roared at thy command,
At thy command was <qex>still</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not disturbed by noise or agitation; quiet;
calm; <as>as, a <ex>still</ex> evening; a <ex>still</ex>
atmosphere</as>.</def> \'bdWhen all the woods are
<xex>still</xex>.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Comparatively quiet or silent; soft; gentle;
low.</def> \'bdA <xex>still</xex> small voice.\'b8
<au>1 Kings xix. 12.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Constant; continual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>By <qex>still</qex> practice learn to know thy meaning.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Not effervescing; not sparkling; <as>as,
<ex>still</ex> wines</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Still life</col>. <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>Inanimate objects</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Painting)</fld>
<cd>The class or style of painting which represents inanimate
objects, as fruit, flowers, dead game, etc.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Quiet; calm; noiseless; serene; motionless; inert;
stagnant.</syn>
<hw>Still</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>stille</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Freedom from noise;
calm; silence; <as>as, the <ex>still</ex> of midnight</as>.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark><-- the still of the night -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A steep hill or ascent.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>W. Browne.</au>
<hw>Still</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>stille</ets>
quietly. See <er>Still</er>, <pos>a.</pos> The modern senses come
from the idea of stopping and <ets>staying</ets> still, or
motionless.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To this time; until and
during the time now present; now no less than before; yet.</def>
<q>It hath been anciently reported, and is <qex>still</qex>
received.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the future as now and before.</def>
<q>Hourly joys be <qex>still</qex> upon you!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>In continuation by successive or repeated acts;
always; ever; constantly; uniformly.</def>
<q>The desire of fame betrays an ambitious man into indecencies
that lessen his reputation; he is <qex>still</qex> afraid lest
any of his actions should be thrown away in private.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>Chemists would be rich if they could <qex>still</qex> do in
great quantities what they have sometimes done in little.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>In an increasing or additional degree; even
more; -- much used with comparatives.</def>
<q>The guilt being great, the fear doth <qex>still</qex>
exceed.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Notwithstanding what has been said or done; in
spite of what has occured; nevertheless; -- sometimes used as a
conjunction. See Synonym of <er>But</er>.</def>
<q>As sunshine, broken in the rill,
Though turned astray, is sunshine <qex>still</qex>.</q>
<qau>Moore.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>After that; after what is stated.</def>
<q>In the primitive church, such as by fear being compelled to
sacrifice to strange gods, after repented, and kept
<qex>still</qex> the office of preaching the gospel.</q>
<qau>Whitgift.</qau>
<cs><col>Still and anon</col>, <cd>at intervals and repeatedly;
continually; ever and anon; now and then.</cd></cs>
<q>And like the watchful minutes to the hour,
<qex>Still and anon</qex> cheered up the heavy time.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Still</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stilled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>stillan</ets>, from <ets>stille</ets> still, quiet, firm.
See <er>Still</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
stop, as motion or agitation; to cause to become quiet, or
comparatively quiet; to check the agitation of; <as>as, to
<ex>still</ex> the raging sea</as>.</def>
<q>He having a full sway over the water, had power to
<qex>still</qex> and compose it, as well as to move and disturb
it.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stop, as noise; to silence.</def>
<q>With his name the mothers <qex>still</qex> their babies.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To appease; to calm; to quiet, as tumult,
agitation, or excitement; <as>as, to <ex>still</ex> the
passions</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Toil that would, at least, have <qex>stilled</qex> an unquiet
impulse in me.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To quiet; calm; allay; lull; pacify; appease;
subdue; suppress; silence; stop; check; restrain.</syn>
<-- p. 1415 -->
<hw>Still</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.
<ets>stillatorie</ets>. See <er>Still</er>, <pos>v.</pos>, to
distill.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A vessel, boiler, or copper used
in the distillation of liquids; specifically, one used for the
distillation of alcoholic liquors; a retort. The name is
sometimes applied to the whole apparatus used in in vaporization
and condensation.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A house where liquors are distilled; a
distillery.</def>
<cs><col>Still watcher</col>, <cd>a device for indicating the
progress of distillation by the density of the liquid given
over.</cd> <au>Knight.</au></cs>
<hw>Still</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Abbreviated fr.
<ets>distill</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to fall by
drops.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To expel spirit from by heat, or to evaporate
and condense in a refrigeratory; to distill.</def>
<au>Tusser.</au>
<hw>Still</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>stillare</ets>.
Cf. <er>Distill</er>.]</ety> <def>To drop, or flow in drops; to
distill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Stil"lage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bleaching)</fld> <def>A low stool to keep the goods from
touching the floor.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Stil`la*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stillaticius</ets>, fr. <ets>stillare</ets> to drop,
<ets>stilla</ets> a drop.]</ety> <def>Falling in drops; drawn by
a still.</def>
<hw>Stil"la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-ries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Still</er>,
for <ets>distill</ets>. Cf. <er>Still</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and
<er>Distillatory</er>, <ets>a</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
alembic; a vessel for distillation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A laboratory; a place or room in which
distillation is performed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au> <au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<hw>Still"birth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The birth
of a dead fetus.</def>
<hw>Still"born`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Dead at the birth; <as>as, a <ex>stillborn</ex>
child</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Abortive; <as>as, a <ex>stillborn</ex>
poem</as>.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Still"-burn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>still-burnt</er> <pr>(?)</pr>
or <er>Still-burned</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Still-burning</er>.]</ety> <def>To burn in the
process of distillation; <as>as, to <ex>still-burn</ex>
brandy</as>.</def>
<hw>Still"-clos"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ever
closing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Still-clothing</xex>
waters.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Still"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
stills, or quiets.</def>
<hw>Still"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house in
which distillation is carried on; a distillery.</def>
<hw>Still"-hunt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hunting
for game in a quiet and cautious manner, or under cover;
stalking; hence, colloquially, the pursuit of any object quietly
and cautiously.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Still"-hunt`er</wf>
<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> -- <wf>Still"-hunt`ing</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos> <mark>[U.S.]</mark></wordforms>
<hw>Stil"li*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stillicidium</ets>; <ets>stilla</ets> a drop +
<ets>cadere</ets> to fall.]</ety> <def>A continual falling or
succession of drops; rain water falling from the eaves.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Stil`li*cid"i*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Falling in drops.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stil"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stilla</ets> a drop + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having
the form of a drop.</def>
<au>Owen.</au>
<hw>Still"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG.
<ets>stelling</ets>, G. <ets>stellen</ets> to set, to
place.]</ety> <def>A stillion.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stil"lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stilling</er>.]</ety> <def>A stand, as for casks or vats in a
brewery, or for pottery while drying.</def>
<hw>Still"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The quality or state of being still; quietness; silence;
calmness; inactivity.</def>
<q>Painting, then, was the art demanded by the modern intellect
upon its emergence from the <qex>stillness</qex> of the Middle
Ages.</q>
<qau>J. A. Symonds.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Habitual silence or quiet; taciturnity.</def>
<q>The gravity and <qex>stillness</qex> of your youth
The world hath noted.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Still"room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A room for distilling.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An apartment in a house where liquors,
preserves, and the like, are kept.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<q>Floors are rubbed bright, . . . <qex>stillroom</qex> and
kitchen cleared for action.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<hw>Still"stand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
standstill.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Still"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Still; quiet;
calm.</def>
<q>The <qex>stilly</qex> hour when storms are gone.</q>
<qau>Moore.</qau>
<hw>Stil"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a still
manner; quietly; silently; softly.</def>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<q>The hum of either army <qex>stilly</qex> sounds.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Stilp*nom"e*lane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>stilpno`s</grk> shining + <grk>me`las</grk>,
<grk>-anos</grk>, black.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A black or
greenish black mineral occurring in foliated flates, also in
velvety bronze-colored incrustations. It is a hydrous silicate of
iron and alumina.</def>
<hw>Stilt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stilte</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>stylte</ets>, Sw.
<ets>stylta</ets>, LG. & D. <ets>stelt</ets>, OHG.
<ets>stelza</ets>, G. <ets>stelze</ets>, and perh. to E.
<ets>stout</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pole, or piece of
wood, constructed with a step or loop to raise the foot above the
ground in walking. It is sometimes lashed to the leg, and
sometimes prolonged upward so as to be steadied by the hand or
arm.</def>
<q>Ambition is but avarice on <qex>stilts</qex>, and masked.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A crutch; also, the handle of a plow.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of limicoline
birds belonging to <spn>Himantopus</spn> and allied genera, in
which the legs are remarkably long and slender. Called also
<altname>longshanks</altname>, <altname>stiltbird</altname>,
<altname>stilt plover</altname>, and
<altname>lawyer</altname>.</def>
<note><hand/ The American species (<spn>Himantopus
Mexicanus</spn>) is well known. The European and Asiatic stilt
(<spn>H. candidus</spn>) is usually white, except the wings and
interscapulars, which are greenish black. The white-headed stilt
(<spn>H. leucocephalus</spn>) and the banded stilt
(<spn>Cladorhynchus pectoralis</spn>) are found in
Australia.</note>
<cs><col>Stilt plover</col><cd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, the stilt.
-- <col>Stilt sandpiper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an
American sandpiper (<spn>Micropalama himantopus</spn>) having
long legs. The bill is somewhat expanded at the tip.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stilt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stilted</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stilting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To raise on stilts, or as if
on stilts.</def>
<hw>Stilt"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Stilt</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
3.</def>
<hw>Stilt"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Elevated as if on stilts;
hence, pompous; bombastic; <as>as, a <ex>stilted</ex> style;
<ex>stilted</ex> declamation.</as></def>
<-- also, formal or stiff; -- said of linguistic style -->
<cs><col>Stilted arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an arch in
which the springing line is some distance above the impost, the
space between being occupied by a vertical member, molded or
ornamented, as a continuation of the archivolt, intrados,
etc.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stilt"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stilt</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To raise
upon stilts, or as upon stilts; to stilt.</def>
<hw>Stilt"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unreasonably
elevated; pompous; stilted; <as>as, a <ex>stilty</ex>
style</as>.</def>
<hw>Stime</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymology
uncertain.]</ety> <def>A slight gleam or glimmer; a
glimpse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Stim"u*lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stimulans</ets>, p.pr.; cf. F. <ets>stimulant</ets>. See
<er>Stimulate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Serving to
stimulate.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Produced increased vital
action in the organism, or in any of its parts.</def>
<hw>Stim"u*lant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>stimulant</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which
stimulates, provokes, or excites.</def>
<q>His feelings had been exasperated by the constant application
of <qex>stimulants</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol. & Med.)</fld> <def>An agent which
produces a temporary increase of vital activity in the organism,
or in any of its parts; -- sometimes used without qualification
to signify an alcoholic beverage used as a stimulant.</def>
<hw>Stim"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stimulated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stimulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>stimulatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>stimulare</ets> to prick or
goad on, to incite, fr. <ets>stimulus</ets> a goad. See
<er>Stimulus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To excite as if with a
goad; to excite, rouse, or animate, to action or more vigorous
exertion by some pungent motive or by persuasion; <as>as, to
<ex>stimulate</ex> one by the hope of reward, or by the prospect
of glory</as>.</def>
<q>To excite and <qex>stimulate</qex> us thereunto.</q>
<qau>Dr. J. Scott.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To excite; to irritate;
especially, to excite the activity of (a nerve or an irritable
muscle), as by electricity.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To animate; incite; encourage; impel; urge;
instigate; irritate; exasperate; incense.</syn>
<hw>Stim`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stimulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>stimulation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of stimulating, or the state of being
stimulated.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The irritating action of
various agents (stimuli) on muscles, nerves, or a sensory end
organ, by which activity is evoked; especially, the nervous
impulse produced by various agents on nerves, or a sensory end
organ, by which the part connected with the nerve is thrown into
a state of activity; irritation.</def>
<hw>Stim"u*la*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the quality of stimulating.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<def>That which stimulates.</def></def2>
<hw>Stim"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.: cf.
F. <ets>stimulateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who stimulates.</def>
<hw>Stim"u*la`tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman
who stimulates.</def>
<hw>Stim"u*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The theory of medical
practice which regarded life as dependent upon stimulation, or
excitation, and disease as caused by excess or deficiency in the
amount of stimulation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The practice of
treating disease by alcoholic stimulants.</def>
<au>Dr. H. Hartshorne.</au>
<hw>Stim"u*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stimuli</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., for
<ets>stigmulus</ets>, akin to L. <ets>instigare</ets> to
stimulate. See <er>Instigare</er>, <er>Stick</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A goad; hence, something that
rouses the mind or spirits; an incentive; <as>as, the hope of
gain is a powerful <ex>stimulus</ex> to labor and
action</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which excites or produces a temporary
increase of vital action, either in the whole organism or in any
of its parts; especially <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, any substance or
agent capable of evoking the activity of a nerve or irritable
muscle, or capable of producing an impression upon a sensory
organ or more particularly upon its specific end organ.</def>
<note><hand/ Of the stimuli applied to the sensory apparatus,
physiologists distinguish two kinds: (<xex>a</xex>)
<stype>Homologous stimuli</stype>, which act only upon the end
organ, and for whose action the sense organs are especially
adapted, as the rods and cones of the retina for the vibrations
of the either. (<xex>b</xex>) <stype>Heterologous
stimuli</stype>, which are mechanical, chemical, electrical,
etc., and act upon the nervous elements of the sensory apparatus
along their entire course, producing, for example, the flash of
light beheld when the eye is struck.</note>
<au>Landois & Stirling.</au>
<hw>Sting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sting</ets> a sting. See <er>Sting</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any sharp
organ of offense and defense, especially when connected with a
poison gland, and adapted to inflict a wound by piercing; as the
caudal <xex>sting</xex> of a scorpion. The sting of a bee or wasp
is a modified ovipositor. The caudal sting, or spine, of a sting
ray is a modified dorsal fin ray. The term is sometimes applied
to the fang of a serpent. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Scorpion</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sharp-pointed hollow hair
seated on a gland which secrets an acrid fluid, as in nettles.
The points of these hairs usually break off in the wound, and the
acrid fluid is pressed into it.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything that gives acute pain, bodily or
mental; <as>as, the <ex>stings</ex> of remorse; the
<ex>stings</ex> of reproach.</as></def>
<q>The <qex>sting</qex> of death is sin.</q>
<qau>1 Cor. xv. 56.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The thrust of a sting into the flesh; the act of
stinging; a wound inflicted by stinging.</def> \'bdThe lurking
serpent's mortal <xex>sting</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A goad; incitement.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The point of an epigram or other sarcastic
saying.</def>
<cs><col>Sting moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an
Australian moth (<spn>Doratifera vulnerans</spn>) whose larva is
armed, at each end of the body, with four tubercles bearing
powerful stinging organs.</cd> -- <col>Sting ray</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under 6th <er>Ray</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sting winkle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a spinose
marine univalve shell of the genus Murex, as the European species
(<spn>Murex erinaceus</spn>). See <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<er>Murex</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sting</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stung</er> <pr>(?)</pr> (<mark>Archaic</mark>
<er>Stang</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stinging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>stingan</ets>;
akin to Icel. & Sw. <ets>stinga</ets>, Dan. <ets>stinge</ets>,
and probably to E. <ets>stick</ets>, v.t.; cf. Goth.
us<ets>stiggan</ets> to put out, pluck out. Cf. <er>Stick</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pierce or wound with
a sting; <as>as, bees will <ex>sting</ex> an animal that
irritates them; the nettles <ex>stung</ex> his hands.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pain acutely; <as>as, the conscience is
<ex>stung</ex> with remorse</as>; to bite.</def> \'bdSlander
<xex>stings</xex> the brave.\'b8
<au>Pope.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To goad; to incite, as by taunts or
reproaches.</def>
<hw>Sting`a*ree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any sting ray. See under 6th
<er>Ray</er>.</def>
<hw>Sting"bull`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European greater weever fish
(<spn>Trachinus draco</spn>), which is capable of inflicting
severe wounds with the spinous rays of its dorsal fin. See
<er>Weever</er>.</def>
<hw>Sting"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, stings.</def>
<q>Professor E. Forbes states that only a small minority of the
medus\'91 of our seas are <qex>stingers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Owen.</qau>
<hw>Sting"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The weever.</def>
<hw>Stin"gi*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
stingy manner.</def>
<hw>Stin"gi*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being stingy.</def>
<hw>Sting"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Piercing, or
capable of piercing, with a sting; inflicting acute pain as if
with a sting, goad, or pointed weapon; pungent; biting; <as>as,
<ex>stinging</ex> cold; a <ex>stinging</ex> rebuke.</as></def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sting"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<cs><col>Stinging cell</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<cref>Lasso cell</cref>, under <er>Lasso</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sting"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no sting.</def>
<hw>Stin"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Sting</er>.]</ety> <def>Old beer; sharp or strong
liquor.</def> <mark>[Old Slang]</mark>
<q>Shall I set a cup of old <qex>stingo</qex> at your elbow?</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Sting"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sting ray.</def>
<hw>Sting"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stinging; able
to sting.</def>
<hw>Stin"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Stingier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Stingiest</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Probably from <ets>sting</ets>, and meaning originally,
stinging; hence, biting, nipping (of the wind), churlish,
avaricious; or cf. E. <ets>skinch</ets>.]</ety> <def>Extremely
close and covetous; meanly avaricious; niggardly; miserly;
penurious; <as>as, a <ex>stingy</ex> churl</as>.</def>
<q>A <qex>stingy</qex>, narrow-hearted fellow that had a deal of
choice fruit, had not the heart to touch it till it began to be
rotten.</q>
<qau>L'estrange.</qau>
<hw>Stink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stunk</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<er>Stank</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>stinkan</ets> to
have a smell (whether good or bad); akin to OHG.
<ets>stinchan</ets>, G. & D. <ets>stinken</ets> to stink; of
uncertain origin; cf. Icel. <ets>st\'94kkva</ets> to leap, to
spring, Goth. <ets>stigqan</ets> to push, strike, or Gr. <?/
rancid. Cf. <er>Stench</er>.]</ety> <def>To emit a strong,
offensive smell; to send out a disgusting odor.</def>
<hw>Stink</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to stink; to
affect by a stink.</def>
<hw>Stink</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>stinc</ets>.]</ety>
<def>A strong, offensive smell; a disgusting odor; a
stench.</def>
<cs><col>Fire stink</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> --
<col>Stink-fire lance</col>. <cd>See under <er>Lance</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Stink rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the musk
turtle.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Stink shad</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the gizzard shad.</cd> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark> <col>Stink trap</col></mcol>, <cd>a stench trap. See
under <er>Stench</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stink"ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
mean, stinking, paltry fellow.</def>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The teledu of the East
Indies. It emits a disagreeable odor.</def>
<hw>Stink"ball`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
composition of substances which in combustion emit a suffocating
odor; -- used formerly in naval warfare.</def>
<hw>Stink"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, stinks.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of the several
species of large antarctic petrels which feed on blubber and
carrion and have an offensive odor, as the giant fulmar.</def>
<hw>Stink"horn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of fungus of the genus
<spn>Phallus</spn>, which emits a fetid odor.</def>
<hw>Stink"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from <er>Stink</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Stinking badger</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
teledu.</cd> -- <col>Stinking cedar</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>the California nutmeg tree; also, a related tree of Florida
(<spn>Torreya taxifolia</spn>).</cd></cs>
<hw>Stink"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a stinking manner;
with an offensive smell.</def>
<hw>Stink"pot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An earthen jar charged with powder, grenades, and other
materials of an offensive and suffocating smell, -- sometimes
used in boarding an enemy's vessel.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel in which disinfectants are
burned.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The musk turtle, or musk
tortoise. See under <er>Musk</er>.</def>
<hw>Stink"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>One of the varieties of calcite, barite,
and feldspar, which emit a fetid odor on being struck; -- called
also <altname>swinestone</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stink"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Stramonium. See <er>Jamestown weed</er>,
and <er>Datura</er>.</def>
<-- p. 1416 -->
<hw>Stink"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several kinds of wood with
an unpleasant smell, as that of the <spn>F\'d2tidia
Mauritiana</spn> of the Mauritius, and that of the South African
<spn>Ocotea bullata</spn>.</def>
<hw>Stint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of several species of small sandpipers,
as the sanderling of Europe and America, the dunlin, the little
stint of India (<spn>Tringa minuta</spn>), etc. Called also
<altname>pume</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
phalarope.</def>
<hw>Stint</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stinted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stinting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stinten</ets>,
<ets>stenten</ets>, <ets>stunten</ets>, to cause to cease, AS.
<ets>styntan</ets> (in comp.) to blunt, dull, fr.
<ets>stunt</ets> dull, stupid; akin to Icel. <ets>stytta</ets> to
shorten, <ets>stuttr</ets> short, dial, Sw. <ets>stynta</ets> to
shorten, <ets>stunt</ets> short. Cf. <er>Stent</er>,
<er>Stunt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To restrain within
certain limits; to bound; to confine; to restrain; to restrict to
a scant allowance.</def>
<q>I shall not go about to extenuate the latitude of the curse
upon the earth, or <qex>stint</qex> it only to the production of
weeds.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>
<q>She <qex>stints</qex> them in their meals.</q>
<qau>Law.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put an end to; to stop.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To assign a certain (<it>i. e.</it>, limited)
task to (a person), upon the performance of which one is excused
from further labor for the day or for a certain time; to
stent.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To serve successfully; to get with foal; -- said
of mares.</def>
<q>The majority of maiden mares will become <qex>stinted</qex>
while at work.</q>
<qau>J. H. Walsh.</qau>
<hw>Stint</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To stop; to cease.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<q>They can not <qex>stint</qex> till no thing be left.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>And <qex>stint</qex> thou too, I pray thee.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The damsel <qex>stinted</qex> in her song.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<-- 2. to be parsimonious in expending some resource; -- used
with "on" to indicate the item conserved. "Don't stint on the
potatos!" -->
<hw>Stint</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Also written
<ets>stent</ets>. See <er>Stint</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Limit; bound; restraint; extent.</def>
<q>God has wrote upon no created thing the utmost
<qex>stint</qex> of his power.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Quantity or task assigned; proportion
allotted.</def>
<q>His old <qex>stint</qex> -- three thousand pounds a year.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<-- 3. A period of work at a specific task; as, to do one's stint
in the army, an actor who did a stint as a cab driver. -->
<hw>Stint"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Restraint;
stoppage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stint"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being
stinted.</def>
<hw>Stint"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, stints.</def>
<hw>Stint"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without stint or
restraint.</def>
<q>The <qex>stintless</qex>tears of old Heraclitus.</q>
<qau>Marston.</qau>
<hw>Stipe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stipes</ets> a stock, post, branch: cf. F.
<ets>stipe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
stalk or petiole of a frond, as of a fern.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The stalk of a pistil.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The trunk of
a tree.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The stem of a fungus or
mushroom.</def>
<hw>Sti"pel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stipule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stipule of a
leaflet.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Sti*pel"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having stipels.</def>
<hw>Sti"pend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stipendium</ets>; <ets>stips</ets>, gen. <ets>stipis</ets>,
a gift, donation, given in small coin + <ets>pendere</ets> to
weigh or pay out.]</ety> <def>Settled pay or compensation for
services, whether paid daily, monthly, or annually.</def>
<hw>Sti"pend</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pay by settled
wages.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sti*pen`di*a"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Acting from mercenary considerations; stipendiary.</def>
<au>A. Seward.</au>
<hw>Sti*pen"di*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stipendiarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>stipendiaire</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Receiving wages, or salary; performing services for a stated
price or compensation.</def>
<q>His great <qex>stipendiary</qex> prelates came with troops of
evil-appointed horseman not half full.</q>
<qau>Knolles.</qau>
<hw>Sti*pen"di*a*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stipendiaries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who
receives a stipend.</def>
<q>If thou art become
A tyrant's vile <qex>stipendiary</qex>.</q>
<qau>Glover.</qau>
<hw>Sti*pen"di*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stipendiatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>stipendiari</ets> to
receive pay.]</ety> <def>To provide with a stipend, or salary; to
support; to pay.</def>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<q>It is good to endow colleges, and to found chairs, and to
<qex>stipendiate</qex> professors.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Sti"pend*less</hw> <pr>(st<imac/"p<ecr/nd*l<ecr/s)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no stipend.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sti"pes</hw> <pr>(-p<emac/z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Stipites</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a
stock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The second
joint of a maxilla of an insect or a crustacean.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An eyestalk.</def>
<hw>Stip"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>stipitatus</ets>, from L. <ets>stipes</ets>, gen.
<ets>stipitis</ets>, a stock. See <er>Stipe</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Supported by a stipe; elevated on a stipe,
as the fronds of most ferns, or the pod of certain cruciferous
plants.</def>
<hw>Stip"i*ti*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stipes</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the shape of a stalk;
stalklike.</def>
<hw>Stip"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stippled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Stippling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>stippelen</ets> to make
points, to spot, dot, from <ets>stippel</ets>, dim. of
<ets>stip</ets> a dot, spot.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To engrave
by means of dots, in distinction from engraving in lines.</def>
<q>The interlaying of small pieces can not altogether avoid a
broken, <qex>stippled</qex>, spotty effect.</q>
<qau>Milman.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To paint, as in water colors, by small, short
touches which together produce an even or softly graded
surface.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stip"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stip"pling</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>A
mode of execution which produces the effect by dots or small
points instead of lines.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A mode of execution in which
a flat or even tint is produced by many small touches.</def>
<hw>Stip"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Styptic</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stip"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Stipulas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Stipul\'91</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a stalk, stem.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A stipule.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A newly sprouted
feather.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stip`u*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stip"u*lar</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>stipulac\'82</ets>, <ets>stipulaire</ets>. See
<er>Stipula</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining
to stipules; resembling stipules; furnished with stipules;
growing on stipules, or close to them; occupying the position of
stipules; <as>as, <ex>stipular</ex> glands and <ex>stipular</ex>
tendrils</as>.</def>
<hw>Stip"u*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to stipules;
stipular.</def>
<hw>Stip"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with stipules; <as>as, a
<ex>stipulate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>
<hw>Stip"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stipulated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stipulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>stipulatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>stipulari</ets> to stipulate,
fr. OL. <ets>stipulus</ets> firm, fast; probably akin to L.
<ets>stipes</ets> a post. Cf. <er>Stiff</er>.]</ety> <def>To make
an agreement or covenant with any person or company to do or
forbear anything; to bargain; to contract; to settle terms;
<as>as, certain princes <ex>stipulated</ex> to assist each other
in resisting the armies of France</as>.</def>
<hw>Stip`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stipulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>stipulation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of stipulating; a contracting or
bargaining; an agreement.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is stipulated, or agreed upon; that
which is definitely arranged or contracted; an agreement; a
covenant; a contract or bargain; also, any particular article,
item, or condition, in a mutual agreement; <as>as, the
<ex>stipulations</ex> of the allied powers to furnish each his
contingent of troops</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A material article of an
agreement; an undertaking in the nature of bail taken in the
admiralty courts; a bargain.</def>
<au>Bouvier. Wharton.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Agreement; contract; engagement. See
<er>Covenant</er>.</syn>
<hw>Stip`u*la"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stipule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The situation,
arrangement, and structure of the stipules.</def>
<hw>Stip"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who stipulates, contracts, or
covenants.</def>
<hw>Stip"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stipula</ets> a stalk, stem, straw: cf. F.
<ets>stipule</ets>. Cf. <er>Stubble</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An appendage at the base of petioles or
leaves, usually somewhat resembling a small leaf in texture and
appearance.</def>
<hw>Stip"uled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Furnished with stipules, or leafy appendages.</def>
<hw>Stir</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stirred</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stirring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stiren</ets>,
<ets>steren</ets>, <ets>sturen</ets>, AS. <ets>styrian</ets>;
probably akin to D. <ets>storen</ets> to disturb, G.
<ets>st\'94ren</ets>, OHG. <ets>st\'d3ren</ets> to scatter,
destroy. \'fb166.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To change the place of
in any manner; to move.</def>
<q>My foot I had never yet in five days been able to
<qex>stir</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To disturb the relative position of the
particles of, as of a liquid, by passing something through it; to
agitate; <as>as, to <ex>stir</ex> a pudding with a
spoon</as>.</def>
<q>My mind is troubled, like a fountain <qex>stirred</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bring into debate; to agitate; to moot.</def>
<q><qex>Stir</qex> not questions of jurisdiction.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To incite to action; to arouse; to instigate; to
prompt; to excite.</def> \'bdTo <xex>stir</xex> men to
devotion.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>An Ate, <qex>stirring</qex> him to blood and strife.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>And for her sake some mutiny will <qex>stir</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<note><hand/ In all senses except the first, <xex>stir</xex> is
often followed by <xex>up</xex> with an intensive effect; as, to
<xex>stir</xex> up fire; to <xex>stir</xex> up sedition.</note>
<syn>Syn. -- To move; incite; awaken; rouse; animate; stimulate;
excite; provoke.</syn>
<hw>Stir</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move; to
change one's position.</def>
<q>I had not power to <qex>stir</qex> or strive,
But felt that I was still alive.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be in motion; to be active or bustling; to
exert or busy one's self.</def>
<q>All are not fit with them to <qex>stir</qex> and toil.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<q>The friends of the unfortunate exile, far from resenting his
unjust suspicions, were <qex>stirring</qex> anxiously in his
behalf.</q>
<qau>Merivale.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To become the object of notice; to be on
foot.</def>
<q>They fancy they have a right to talk freely upon everything
that <qex>stirs</qex> or appears.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To rise, or be up, in the morning.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stir</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or result
of stirring; agitation; tumult; bustle; noise or various
movements.</def>
<q>Why all these words, this clamor, and this
<qex>stir</qex>?</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<q>Consider, after so much <qex>stir</qex> about genus and
species, how few words we have yet settled definitions of.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Public disturbance or commotion; tumultuous
disorder; seditious uproar.</def>
<q>Being advertised of some <qex>stirs</qex> raised by his
unnatural sons in England.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Agitation of thoughts; conflicting
passions.</def>
<hw>Stir"a*bout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dish
formed of oatmeal boiled in water to a certain consistency and
frequently stirred, or of oatmeal and dripping mixed together and
stirred about in a pan; a hasty pudding.</def>
<hw>Stir"i*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stiria</ets> an icicle.]</ety> <def>Adorned with pendants
like icicles.</def>
<hw>Stir"i*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stiria an icicle</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling
icicles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Stirk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>stric</ets>, from <ets>ste\'a2r</ets> a steer. See
<er>Steer</er> a young ox.]</ety> <def>A young bullock or
heifer.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Stir"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without
stirring; very quiet; motionless.</def> \'bdLying helpless and
<xex>stirless</xex>.\'b8
<au>Hare.</au>
<hw>Stirp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stirps</ets>, <ets>stirpis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stock; race;
family.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Stir"pi*cul`ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stirps</ets>, <ets>stirpis</ets>, stem, stock, race +
<ets>cultura</ets> culture.]</ety> <def>The breeding of special
stocks or races.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stirps</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stirpes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., stem,
stock.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Stock; race;
family.</def>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A race, or a fixed and
permanent variety.</def>
<hw>Stir"rage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
stirring; stir; commotion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>T. Granger.</au>
<hw>Stir"rer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, stirs something; also, one who moves about,
especially after sleep; <as>as, an early
<ex>stirrer</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Stirrer up</col>, <cd>an instigator or inciter.</cd>
<au>Atterbury.</au></cs>
<hw>Stir"ring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Putting in
motion, or being in motion; active; active in business;
habitually employed in some kind of business; accustomed to a
busy life.</def>
<q>A more <qex>stirring</qex> and intellectual age than any which
had gone before it.</q>
<qau>Southey.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Animating; arousing; awakening; stimulating;
quickening; exciting.</syn>
<hw>Stir"rup</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stirop</ets>, AS. <ets>stigr\'bep</ets>;
<ets>st\'c6gan</ets> to mount, ascend + <ets>r\'bep</ets> a rope;
akin to G. <ets>stegreif</ets> a stirrup. \'fb164. See
<er>Sty</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and <er>Rope</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of ring, or bent piece of metal, wood,
leather, or the like, horizontal in one part for receiving the
foot of a rider, and attached by a strap to the saddle, -- used
to assist a person in mounting a horse, and to enable him to sit
steadily in riding, as well as to relieve him by supporting a
part of the weight of the body.</def>
<q>Our host upon his <qex>stirpoes</qex> stood anon.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Carp. & Mach.)</fld> <def>Any piece resembling
in shape the stirrup of a saddle, and used as a support, clamp,
etc. See <er>Bridle iron</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope secured to a yard,
with a thimble in its lower end for supporting a footrope.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<cs><col>Stirrup bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the
stapes.</cd> -- <col>Stirrup cup</col>, <cd>a parting cup taken
after mounting.</cd> -- <col>Stirrup iron</col>, <cd>an iron
stirrup.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Stirrup leather</col>, <or/
<col>Stirrup strap</col></mcol>, <cd>the strap which attaches a
stirrup to the saddle. See <er>Stirrup</er>, 1.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stirt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>p. p.</pos>
<mord>of <er>Start</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></mord> <def>Started;
leaped.</def>
<q>They privily be <qex>stirt</qex> into a well.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Stir"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Start</er>, <pos>v. i. &
t.</pos></def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Stitch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stiche</ets>, AS. <ets>stice</ets> a pricking, akin to
<ets>stician</ets> to prick. See <er>Stick</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A single pass of a needle in
sewing; the loop or turn of the thread thus made.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A single turn of the thread round a needle in
knitting; a link, or loop, of yarn; <as>as, to let down, or drop,
a <ex>stitch</ex>; to take up a <ex>stitch</ex>.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>sticche</ets>, <ets>stecche</ets>,
<ets>stucche</ets>, a piece, AS. <ets>stycce</ets>. Cf.
<er>Stock</er>.]</ety> <def>A space of work taken up, or gone
over, in a single pass of the needle; hence, by extension, any
space passed over; distance.</def>
<q>You have gone a good <qex>stitch</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<q>In Syria the husbandmen go lightly over with their plow, and
take no deep <qex>stitch</qex> in making their furrows.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A local sharp pain; an acute pain, like the
piercing of a needle; <as>as, a <ex>stitch</ex> in the
side</as>.</def>
<q>He was taken with a cold and with <qex>stitches</qex>, which
was, indeed, a pleurisy.</q>
<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A contortion, or twist.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>If you talk,
Or pull your face into a <qex>stitch</qex> again,
I shall be angry.</q>
<qau>Marston.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Any least part of a fabric or dress; <as>as, to
wet every <ex>stitch</ex> of clothes</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A furrow.</def>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<cs><mcol><col>Chain stitch</col>, <col>Lock stitch</col></mcol>.
<cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pearl</col>, <or/
<col>Purl stitch</col></mcol>. <cd>See 2nd <er>Purl</er>,
2.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stitch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stitched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stitching</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
form stitches in; especially, to sew in such a manner as to show
on the surface a continuous line of stitches; <as>as, to
<ex>stitch</ex> a shirt bosom</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sew, or unite together by stitches; <as>as,
to <ex>stitch</ex> printed sheets in making a book or a
pamphlet</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>To form land into
ridges.</def>
<cs><col>To stitch up</col>, <cd>to mend or unite with a needle
and thread; <as>as, <ex>to stitch up<ex> a rent; <ex>to stitch
up<ex> an artery</as>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stitch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To practice stitching, or
needlework.</def>
<hw>Stitch"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
hairy wool.</def> <mark>[Prov.]</mark>
<hw>Stitch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
stitches; a seamstress.</def>
<hw>Stitch"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Needlework;
-- in comtempt.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stitch"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
one who stitches.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Work done by sewing, esp. when a continuous line
of stitches is shown on the surface; stitches,
collectively.</def>
<hw>Stitch"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Stichwort</er>.</def>
<hw>Stith</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>st\'c6<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strong; stiff; rigid.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stith</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>ste<?/i</ets> an
anvil, akin to <ets>sta<?/r</ets> place. See
<er>Stead</er>.]</ety> <def>An anvil; a stithy.</def> <mark>[Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<q>He invented also pincers, hammers, iron crows, and the anvil,
or <qex>stith</qex>.</q>
<qau>Holland.</qau>
<hw>Stith"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stith</er>, and cf. <er>Stiddy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An anvil.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A smith's shop; a smithy; a smithery; a
forge.</def> \'bdAs foul as Vulcan's <xex>stithy</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stith"y</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To forge on an
anvil.</def>
<q>The forge that <qex>stithied</qex> Mars his helm.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Stive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stived</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Stiving</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[Probably fr. F. <ets>estiver</ets> to compress, stow, L.
<ets>stipare</ets>: cf. It. <ets>stivare</ets>, Sp.
<ets>estivar</ets>. Cf. <er>Stevedore</er>,
<er>Stiff</er>.]</ety> <def>To stuff; to crowd; to fill full;
hence, to make hot and close; to render stifling.</def>
<au>Sandys.</au>
<q>His chamber was commonly <qex>stived</qex> with friends or
suitors of one kind or other.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>
<hw>Stive</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be stifled or
suffocated.</def>
<hw>Stive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The floating dust in flour
mills caused by the operation or grinding.</def>
<au>De Colange.</au>
<hw>Sti"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>stuiver</ets>; akin to G. <ets>st\'81ber</ets>, Dan.
<ets>styver</ets>, Sw. <ets>styfver</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Dutch
coin, and money of account, of the value of two cents, or about
one penny sterling; hence, figuratively, anything of little
worth.</def>
<hw>Stives</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE. See
<er>Stew</er>.]</ety> <def>Stews; a brothel.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Stoak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>stocken</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To stop; to
choke.</def>
<hw>Stoat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stot</ets> a stoat, horse, bullock; perhaps originally only
of male animals, and akin to D. <ets>stooten</ets> to push, E.
<ets>stutter</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>st<?/tr</ets> a bull, Sw.
<ets>stut</ets> a bullock. Cf. <er>Stot</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ermine in its summer pelage, when
it is reddish brown, but with a black tip to the tail. The name
is sometimes applied also to other brown weasels.</def>
<hw>Sto"cah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir. & Gael.
<ets>stocach</ets> an idle fellow who lives on the industry of
others, a lounger.]</ety> <def>A menial attendant.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Stoc*cade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Stockade</er>.</def>
<hw>Stoc*ca"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>estocade</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>estocada</ets>, or It.
<ets>stoccata</ets>, from Sp. <ets>estoque</ets>, or It.
<ets>stocco</ets>, a rapier, fr. G. <ets>stock</ets> a stick. See
<er>Stock</er>.]</ety> <def>A stab; a thrust with a rapier.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<-- p. 1417 -->
<hw>Sto*chas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
from <?/ to aim, to guess, fr. <?/ mark or aim.]</ety>
<def>Conjectural; able to conjecture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Whitefoot.</au>
<hw>Stock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>stocc</ets> a stock, trunk, stick; akin to D.
<ets>stok</ets>, G. <ets>stock</ets>, OHG. <ets>stoc</ets>, Icel.
<ets>stokkr</ets>, Sw. <ets>stock</ets>, Dan. <ets>stok</ets>,
and AS. <ets>stycce</ets> a piece; cf. Skr. <ets>tuj</ets> to
urge, thrust. Cf. <er>Stokker</er>, <er>Stucco</er>, and
<er>Tuck</er> a rapier.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The stem, or main
body, of a tree or plant; the fixed, strong, firm part; the
trunk.</def>
<q>Though the root thereof wax old in the earth, and the
<qex>stock</qex> thereof die in the ground, yet through the scent
of water it will bud, and bring forth boughs like a plant.</q>
<qau>Job xiv. 8,9.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The stem or branch in which a graft is
inserted.</def>
<q>The scion overruleth the <qex>stock</qex> quite.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A block of wood; something fixed and solid; a
pillar; a firm support; a post.</def>
<q>All our fathers worshiped <qex>stocks</qex> and stones.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Item, for a <qex>stock</qex> of brass for the holy water,
seven shillings; which, by the canon, must be of marble or metal,
and in no case of brick.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence, a person who is as dull and lifeless as a
stock or post; one who has little sense.</def>
<q>Let's be no stoics, nor no <qex>stocks</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The principal supporting part; the part in which
others are inserted, or to which they are attached.</def>
Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The wood to which the barrel, lock, etc., of a
musket or like firearm are secured; also, a long, rectangular
piece of wood, which is an important part of several forms of gun
carriage.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The handle or contrivance by which bits are
held in boring; a bitstock; a brace.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Joinery)</fld> <def>The block of wood or metal
frame which constitutes the body of a plane, and in which the
plane iron is fitted; a plane stock.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The wooden or iron
crosspiece to which the shank of an anchor is attached. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Anchor</er>.</def>
<sd>(e)</sd> <def>The support of the block in which an anvil is
fixed, or of the anvil itself.</def>
<sd>(f)</sd> <def>A handle or wrench forming a holder for the
dies for cutting screws; a diestock.</def>
<sd>(g)</sd> <def>The part of a tally formerly struck in the
exchequer, which was delivered to the person who had lent the
king money on account, as the evidence of indebtedness. See
<er>Counterfoil</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The original progenitor; also, the race or line
of a family; the progenitor of a family and his direct
descendants; lineage; family.</def>
<q>And stand betwixt them made, when, severally,
All told their <qex>stock</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<q>Thy mother was no goddess, nor thy <qex>stock</qex>
From Dardanus.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Money or capital which an individual or a firm
employs in business; fund; in the United States, the capital of a
bank or other company, in the form of transferable shares, each
of a certain amount; money funded in government securities,
called also <altname>the public funds</altname>; in the plural,
property consisting of shares in joint-stock companies, or in the
obligations of a government for its funded debt; -- so in the
United States, but in England the latter only are called
<altname>stocks</altname>, and the former
<altname>shares</altname>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> <def>Same as <cref>Stock
account</cref>, below.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Supply provided; store; accumulation;
especially, a merchant's or manufacturer's store of goods;
<as>as, to lay in a <ex>stock</ex> of provisions</as>.</def>
<q>Add to that <qex>stock</qex> which justly we bestow.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>Domestic animals or beasts
collectively, used or raised on a farm; <as>as, a <ex>stock</ex>
of cattle or of sheep, etc.</as>; -- called also <altname>live
stock</altname>.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>That portion of a
pack of cards not distributed to the players at the beginning of
certain games, as gleek, etc., but which might be drawn from
afterward as occasion required; a bank.</def>
<q>I must buy the <qex>stock</qex>; send me good cardings.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>A thrust with a rapier; a stoccado.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>13.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Stocking</er>.]</ety> <def>A covering
for the leg, or leg and foot; <as>as, upper <ex>stocks</ex>
(breeches); nether <ex>stocks</ex> (stockings).</as></def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>With a linen <qex>stock</qex> on one leg.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>14.</sn> <def>A kind of stiff, wide band or cravat for the
neck; <as>as, a silk <ex>stock</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>15.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A frame of timber, with holes
in which the feet, or the feet and hands, of criminals were
formerly confined by way of punishment.</def>
<q>He shall rest in my <qex>stocks</qex>.</q>
<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>
<sn>16.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>The
frame or timbers on which a ship rests while building.</def>
<sn>17.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Red and gray bricks, used for
the exterior of walls and the front of buildings.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<sn>18.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any cruciferous plant of the
genus <spn>Matthiola</spn>; <as>as, common <ex>stock</ex>
(<spn>Matthiola incana</spn>) (see <er>Gilly-flower</er>);
ten-weeks <ex>stock</ex> (<spn>M. annua</spn>)</as>.</def>
<sn>19.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An irregular metalliferous
mass filling a large cavity in a rock formation, as a
<xex>stock</xex> of lead ore deposited in limestone.</def>
<sn>20.</sn> <def>A race or variety in a species.</def>
<sn>21.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>In tectology, an aggregate
or colony of persons (see <er>Person</er>), as trees, chains of
salp\'91, etc.</def>
<sn>22.</sn> <def>The beater of a fulling mill.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<sn>23.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A liquid or jelly
containing the juices and soluble parts of meat, and certain
vegetables, etc., extracted by cooking; -- used in making soup,
gravy, etc.</def>
<cs><col>Bit stock</col>. <cd>See <er>Bitstock</er>.</cd> --
<col>Dead stock</col> <fld>(Agric.)</fld>, <cd>the implements of
husbandry, and produce stored up for use; -- in distinction from
<xex>live stock<xex>, or the domestic animals on the farm. See
def. 10, above.</cd> -- <col>Head stock</col>. <cd>See
<er>Headstock</er>.</cd> -- <col>Paper stock</col>, <cd>rags and
other material of which paper is made.</cd> -- <col>Stock
account</col> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld>, <cd>an account on a
merchant's ledger, one side of which shows the original capital,
or stock, and the additions thereto by accumulation or
contribution, the other side showing the amounts withdrawn.</cd>
-- <col>Stock car</col>, <cd>a railway car for carrying
cattle.</cd> -- <col>Stock company</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>,
<cd>an incorporated company the capital of which is represented
by marketable shares having a certain equal par value.</cd><--
also, joint-stock company --> -- <col>Stock duck</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the mallard.</cd> -- <col>Stock
exchange</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The building or place where
stocks are bought and sold; stock market; hence, transactions of
all kinds in stocks</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An association or body
of stockbrokers who meet and transact business by certain
recognized forms, regulations, and usages</cd>. <au>Wharton.
Brande & C.</au> -- <col>Stock farmer</col>, <cd>a farmer who
makes it his business to rear live stock.</cd> -- <col>Stock
gillyflower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common stock. See
<er>Stock</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 18.</cd> -- <col>Stock gold</col>,
<cd>gold laid up so as to form a stock, or hoard.</cd> --
<col>Stock in trade</col>, <cd>the goods kept for sale by a
shopkeeper; the fittings and appliances of a workman.</cd>
<au>Simmonds</au>. -- <col>Stock list</col>, <cd>a list of
stocks, or shares, dealt in, of transactions, and of prices.</cd>
-- <col>Stock lock</col>, <cd>a lock inclosed in a wooden case
and attached to the face of a door.</cd> -- <col>Stock
market</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A place where stocks are bought
and sold; the stock exchange</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A market for
live stock.</cd> -- <col>Stock pigeon</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Stockdove</er>.</cd> --
<col>Stock purse</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A common purse, as
distinguished from a private purse.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>Moneys saved out of the expenses of a
company or regiment, and applied to objects of common
interest</cd>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Stock
shave</col></mcol>, <cd>a tool used by blockmakers.</cd> --
<col>Stock station</col>, <cd>a place or district for rearing
stock.</cd> <mark>[Australia]</mark> <au>W. Howitt</au>. --
<col>Stock tackle</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a tackle used
when the anchor is hoisted and secured, to keep its stock clear
of the ship's sides.</cd> <au>Totten</au>. -- <col>Stock
taking</col>, <cd>an examination and inventory made of goods or
stock in a shop or warehouse; -- usually made periodically.</cd>
-- <col>Tail stock</col>. <cd>See <er>Tailstock</er>.</cd> --
<col>To have something on the stock</col>, <cd>to be at work at
something.</cd> -- <col>To take stock</col>, <cd>to take account
of stock; to make an inventory of stock or goods on hand.</cd>
<au>Dickens</au>. -- <col>To take stock in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>To subscribe for, or purchase, shares in a stock
company.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To put faith in; to accept as
trustworthy; <as>as, <ex>to take stock in</ex> a person's
fidelity</as></cd>. <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>To take stock
of</col></mcol>, <cd>to take account of the stock of; to take an
inventory of; hence, to ascertain the facts in regard to
(something).</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs>
<q>At the outset of any inquiry it is proper <qex>to take stock
of</qex> the results obtained by previous explorers of the same
field.</q>
<qau>Leslie Stephen.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Fund; capital; store; supply; accumulation; hoard;
provision.</syn>
<hw>Stock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stocked</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stocking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lay up; to
put aside for future use; to store, as merchandise, and the
like.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To provide with material requisites; to store;
to fill; to supply; <as>as, to <ex>stock</ex> a warehouse, that
is, to fill it with goods; to <ex>stock</ex> a farm, that is, to
supply it with cattle and tools; to <ex>stock</ex> land, that is,
to occupy it with a permanent growth, especially of
grass.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To suffer to retain milk for twenty-four hours
or more previous to sale, as cows.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To put in the stocks.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>To stock an anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to fit
it with a stock, or to fasten the stock firmly in place.</cd> --
<col>To stock cards</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>to
arrange cards in a certain manner for cheating purposes.</cd>
<mark>[Cant]</mark><-- = to stack the deck --> -- <col>To stock
down</col></mcol> <fld>(Agric.)</fld>, <cd>to sow, as plowed
land, with grass seed, in order that it may become swarded, and
produce grass.</cd> -- <col>To stock up</col>, <cd>to extirpate;
to dig up.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stock</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Used or employed for constant
service or application, as if constituting a portion of a stock
or supply; standard; permanent; standing; <as>as, a
<ex>stock</ex> actor; a <ex>stock</ex> play; a <ex>stock</ex>
sermon.</as></def> \'bdA <xex>stock</xex> charge against
Raleigh.\'b8
<au>C. Kingsley.</au>
<cs><col>Stock company</col> <fld>(Theater)</fld>, <cd>a company
of actors regularly employed at one theater, or permanently
acting together in various plays under one management.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stock*ade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>estacade</ets> stockade, boom (confused in French with
<ets>estocade</ets>; see 1st <er>Stoccado</er>); fr. It.
<ets>steccata</ets> a palisade (influenced by OF.
<ets>estach</ets>, <ets>estaque</ets>, a stake, post), or from
Sp. <ets>estacada</ets> a palisade; both of German origin, and
akin to E. <ets>stake</ets>, <ets>stick</ets>; cf. G.
<ets>stecken</ets> stick, OHG. <ets>steccho</ets>. See
<er>Stake</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Stick</er>, <pos>n.</pos> &
<pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Estacade</er>,
<er>Stacket</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A
line of stout posts or timbers set firmly in the earth in contact
with each other (and usually with loopholes) to form a barrier,
or defensive fortification.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>stoccade</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inclosure, or pen, made with posts and
stakes.</def>
<hw>Stock*ade"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stockaded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stockading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To surround, fortify, or
protect with a stockade.</def>
<hw>Stock"-blind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Blind as
a stock; wholly blind.</def>
<hw>Stock"bro`ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A broker
who deals in stocks.</def>
<hw>Stock"dove`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A common European wild pigeon
(<spn>Columba \'91nas</spn>), so called because at one time
believed to be the stock of the domestic pigeon, or, according to
some, from its breeding in the stocks, or trunks, of trees.</def>
<note><hand/ The name is applied, also, to other related species,
as the Indian <xex>stockdove</xex> (<spn>Palumb\'91na
Eversmanni</spn>).</note>
<hw>Stock"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes
or fits stocks, as of guns or gun carriages, etc.</def>
<hw>Stock"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>stokvisch</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Salted and dried
fish, especially codfish, hake, ling, and torsk; also, codfish
dried without being salted.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Young fresh cod.</def>
<hw>Stock"hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
is a holder or proprietor of stock in the public funds, or in the
funds of a bank or other stock company.</def>
<hw>Stock`i*net"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An elastic
textile fabric imitating knitting, of which stockings,
under-garments, etc., are made.</def>
<hw>Stock"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Stock</er>, which was formerly used of a covering for the
legs and feet, combining breeches, or upper stocks, and
<ets>stockings</ets>, or nether stocks.]</ety> <def>A
close-fitting covering for the foot and leg, usually knit or
woven.</def>
<cs><col>Blue stocking</col>. <cd>See <er>Bluestocking</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Stocking frame</col>, <cd>a machine for knitting
stockings or other hosiery goods.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stock"ing</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dress in GBs.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Stock"ing*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stocking
weaver.</def>
<hw>Stock"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a stock; stupid;
blockish.</def>
<q>Since naught so <qex>stockish</qex>, hard, and full of rage,
But music for the time doth change his nature.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Stock"job`ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stock</ets> + <ets>job</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who
speculates in stocks for gain; one whose occupation is to buy and
sell stocks. In England a jobber acts as an intermediary between
brokers.</def>
<hw>Stock"job`bing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
or art of dealing in stocks; the business of a stockjobber.</def>
<hw>Stock"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stockmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A herdsman; a
ranchman; one owning, or having charge of, herds of live
stock.</def> <mark>[Australia & U.S.]</mark>
<au>W. Howitt.</au>
<hw>Stock"-still`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[CF. G.
<ets>stock-still</ets>.]</ety> <def>Still as a stock, or fixed
post; perfectly still.</def>
<q>His whole work stands <qex>stock-still</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sterne.</qau>
<hw>Stock"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>stockwerk</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld>
<def>A system of working in ore, etc., when it lies not in strata
or veins, but in solid masses, so as to be worked in chambers or
stories.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A metalliferous deposit
characterized by the impregnation of the mass of rock with many
small veins or nests irregularly grouped. This kind of deposit is
especially common with tin ore. Such deposits are worked in
floors or stories.</def>
<hw>Stock"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Stock</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Short and thick; thick
rather than tall or corpulent.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<q><qex>Stocky</qex>, twisted, hunchback stems.</q>
<qau>Mrs. H. H. Jackson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Headstrong.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>G. Eliot.</au>
<hw>Stodg"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wet.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>G. Eliot.</au>
<mhw><hw>St\'d2ch`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,
<hw>St\'d2ch`i*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,
etc.</mhw> <def>See <er>Stoichiology</er>,
<er>Stoichiometry</er>, etc.</def>
<hw>Sto"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stoicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, adj., literally, of or
pertaining to a colonnade, from <?/ a roofed colonnade, a porch,
especially, a porch in Athens where Zeno and his successors
taught.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A disciple of the philosopher
Zeno; one of a Greek sect which held that men should be free from
passion, unmoved by joy or grief, and should submit without
complaint to unavoidable necessity, by which all things are
governed.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, a person not easily excited; an apathetic
person; one who is apparently or professedly indifferent to
pleasure or pain.</def>
<q>A <qex>Stoic</qex> of the woods, a man without a tear.</q>
<qau>Campbell.</qau>
<cs><col>School of Stoics</col>. <cd>See <cref>The Porch</cref>,
under <er>Porch</er>.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sto"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sto"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>stoicus</ets>,
Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>sto\'8bque</ets>. See <er>Stoic</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Stoics; resembling the Stoics or their doctrines.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not affected by passion; manifesting
indifference to pleasure or pain.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sto"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sto"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Stoi`chi*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
or pertaining to stoichiology.</def>
<hw>Stoi`chi*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ a first element + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>st\'d2chiology</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That
part of the science of physiology which treats of the elements,
or principles, composing animal tissues.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The doctrine of the
elementary requisites of mere thought.</def>
<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The statement or discussion of the first
principles of any science or art.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stoi`chi*o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Stoi`chi*o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to stoichiometry; employed
in, or obtained by, stoichiometry.</def>
<hw>Stoi`chi*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ a first principle, or element + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The art or process of calculating the atomic proportions,
combining weights, and other numerical relations of chemical
elements and their compounds.</def>
<hw>Sto"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sto\'8bcisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The opinions and
maxims of the Stoics.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A real or pretended indifference to pleasure or
pain; insensibility; impassiveness.</def>
<hw>Sto*ic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Stoicism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Stoke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stoken</ets>, fr. D. <ets>stoken</ets>, fr. <ets>stok</ets>
a stick (cf. OF. <ets>estoquier</ets> to thrust, stab; of
Teutonic origin, and akin to D. <ets>stok</ets>). See
<er>Stock</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stick; to thrust; to
stab.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Nor short sword for to <qex>stoke</qex>, with point
biting.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To poke or stir up, as a fire; hence, to tend,
as the fire of a furnace, boiler, etc.</def>
<hw>Stoke</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To poke or stir up a fire;
hence, to tend the fires of furnaces, steamers, etc.</def>
<hw>Stoke"hole`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The mouth
to the grate of a furnace; also, the space in front of the
furnace, where the stokers stand.</def>
<hw>Stok"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. See
<er>Stoke</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who
is employed to tend a furnace and supply it with fuel, especially
the furnace of a locomotive or of a marine steam boiler; also, a
machine for feeding fuel to a fire.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fire poker.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>C. Richardson (Dict.).</au>
<hw>Sto"key</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Close;
sultry.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<-- p. 1418 -->
<hw>\'d8Sto"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stol\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See
<er>Stole</er> a garment.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A
long garment, descending to the ankles, worn by Roman
women.</def>
<q>The <qex>stola</qex> was not allowed to be worn by courtesans,
or by women who had been divorced from their husbands.</q>
<qau>Fairholt.</qau>
<hw>Stole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Steal</er>.</def>
<hw>Stole</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>stolo</ets>,
<ets>-onis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A stolon.</def>
<hw>Stole</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>stole</ets>, L.
<ets>stola</ets>, Gr. <?/ a stole, garment, equipment, fr. <?/ to
set, place, equip, send, akin to E. <ets>stall</ets>. See
<er>Stall</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long, loose garment
reaching to the feet.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>But when mild morn, in saffron <qex>stole</qex>,
First issues from her eastern goal.</q>
<qau>T. Warton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A narrow band of silk or
stuff, sometimes enriched with embroidery and jewels, worn on the
left shoulder of deacons, and across both shoulders of bishops
and priests, pendent on each side nearly to the ground. At Mass,
it is worn crossed on the breast by priests. It is used in
various sacred functions.</def>
<cs><col>Groom of the stole</col>, <cd>the first lord of the
bedchamber in the royal household.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<au>Brande & C.</au></cs>
<hw>Stoled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having or
wearing a stole.</def>
<q>After them flew the prophets, brightly <qex>stoled</qex>
In shining lawn.</q>
<qau>G. Fletcher.</qau>
<hw>Stol"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Steal</er>.</def>
<hw>Stol"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stolidus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hopelessly insensible or stupid;
not easily aroused or excited; dull; impassive; foolish.</def>
<hw>Sto*lid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stoliditas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being
stolid; dullness of intellect; obtuseness; stupidity.</def>
<q>Indocile, intractable fools, whose <qex>stolidity</qex> can
baffle all arguments, and be proof against demonstration
itself.</q>
<qau>Bentley.</qau>
<hw>Stol"id*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Stolidity</er>.</def>
<hw>Sto"lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stolo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>stolon</ets>. Cf.
<er>Stole</er> a stolon, 1st <er>Stool</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A trailing branch which is disposed to
take root at the end or at the joints; a stole.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extension of the
integument of the body, or of the body wall, from which buds are
developed, giving rise to new zooids, and thus forming a compound
animal in which the zooids usually remain united by the stolons.
Such stolons are often present in Anthozoa, Hydroidea, Bryozoa,
and social ascidians. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Scyphistoma</er>.</def>
<hw>Stol`o*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stolon</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>stolonif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing stolons; putting
forth suckers.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sto"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stomata</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/,
<?/, a mouth.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of
the minute apertures between the cells in many serous
membranes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The minute
breathing pores of leaves or other organs opening into the
intercellular spaces, and usually bordered by two contractile
cells.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The line of dehiscence of the
sporangium of a fern. It is usually marked by two transversely
elongated cells. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Sporangium</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stigma. See
<er>Stigma</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6 <sd>(a)</sd> &
<sd>(b)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Stom"ach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stomak</ets>, F. <ets>estomac</ets>, L.
<ets>stomachus</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>sto`machos</grk> stomach,
throat, gullet, fr. <grk>sto`ma</grk> a mouth, any outlet or
entrance.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An
enlargement, or series of enlargements, in the anterior part of
the alimentary canal, in which food is digested; any cavity in
which digestion takes place in an animal; a digestive cavity. See
<er>Digestion</er>, and <cref>Gastric juice</cref>, under
<er>Gastric</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The desire for food caused by hunger; appetite;
<as>as, a good <ex>stomach</ex> for roast beef</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence appetite in general; inclination;
desire.</def>
<q>He which hath no <qex>stomach</qex> to this fight,
Let him depart.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Violence of temper; anger; sullenness;
resentment; willful obstinacy; stubbornness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Stern was his look, and full of <qex>stomach</qex> vain.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>This sort of crying proceeding from pride, obstinacy, and
<qex>stomach</qex>, the will, where the fault lies, must be
bent.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Pride; haughtiness; arrogance.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>He was a man
Of an unbounded <qex>stomach</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>Stomach pump</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a small pump
or syringe with a flexible tube, for drawing liquids from the
stomach, or for injecting them into it.</cd> -- <col>Stomach
tube</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a long flexible tube for
introduction into the stomach.</cd> -- <col>Stomach worm</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common roundworm (<spn>Ascaris
lumbricoides</spn>) found in the human intestine, and rarely in
the stomach.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stom"ach</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stomached</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stomaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>stomachari</ets>, v.t. & i., to be angry or vexed at a
thing.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To resent; to remember with anger;
to dislike.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The lion began to show his teeth, and to <qex>stomach</qex>
the affront.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<q>The Parliament sit in that body . . . to be his counselors and
dictators, though he <qex>stomach</qex> it.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bear without repugnance; to brook.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Stom"ach</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be angry.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hooker.</au>
<hw>Stom"ach*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>stomacal</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to
the stomach; gastric.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Helping the stomach; stomachic; cordial.</def>
<hw>Stom"ach*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stomachic.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>Stom"ach*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who stomachs.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pr>(<?/ <or/ <?/)</pr> <def>An ornamental covering
for the breast, worn originally both by men and women. Those worn
by women were often richly decorated.</def>
<q>A stately lady in a diamond <qex>stomacher</qex>.</q>
<qau>Johnson.</qau>
<hw>Stom"ach*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Willfully
obstinate; stubborn; perverse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --
<wordforms><wf>Stom"ach*ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wf>Stom"ach*ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sto*mach"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sto*mach"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stomachicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>stomachique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining
to the stomach; <as>as, <ex>stomachic</ex> vessels</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Strengthening to the stomach; exciting the
action of the stomach; stomachal; cordial.</def>
<hw>Sto*mach"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A
medicine that strengthens the stomach and excites its
action.</def>
<hw>Stom"ach*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Resentment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stom"ach*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Being
without a stomach.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having no appetite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Stom"ach*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stomachosus</ets> angry, peexish. See
<er>Stomach</er>.]</ety> <def>Stout; sullen; obstinate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>With stern looks and <qex>stomachous</qex> disdain.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Stom"ach*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Obstinate;
sullen; haughty.</def>
<q>A little, bold, solemn, <qex>stomachy</qex> man, a great
professor of piety.</q>
<qau>R. L. Stevenson.</qau>
<hw>Sto"ma*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Stomapoda.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sto*map"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Stoma</er>, and <er>-poda</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Crustacea including the
squillas. The maxillipeds are leglike in form, and the large
claws are comblike. They have a large and elongated abdomen,
which contains a part of the stomach and heart; the abdominal
appendages are large, and bear the gills. Called also
<altname>Gastrula</altname>, <altname>Stomatopoda</altname>, and
<altname>Squilloidea</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sto"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A stoma.</def>
<hw>Sto*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to a stoma; of the nature of a stoma.</def>
<hw>Sto*mat"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <grk>sto`ma</grk>,
<grk>-atos</grk>, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine
for diseases of the mouth.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>Stom`a*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<grk>sto`ma</grk>, <grk>-atos</grk> mouth +
<ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having or producing
stomata.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stom`a*ti"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <grk>sto`ma</grk>, <grk>-atos</grk>, mouth +
<ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of
the mouth.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stom`a*to"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A division of Protozoa in which a mouthlike opening
exists.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stom`a*to*d\'91"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Stomod\'91um</er>.</def>
<hw>Stom"a*tode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a mouth; -- applied to certain
Protozoa.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
Stomatoda.</def></def2>
<hw>Stom`a*to*gas"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/, <?/, mouth + E. <ets>gastric</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to the mouth and the stomach; <as>as, the
<ex>stomatogastric</ex> ganglion of certain Mollusca</as>.</def>
<hw>Stom`a*to*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/, <?/, mouth + <ets>-plastic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to the operation of forming a mouth where
the aperture has been contracted, or in any way deformed.</def>
<hw>Stom"a*to*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Stomatopoda.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stom`a*top"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Stoma</er>, and <er>-pod</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Stomapoda</er>.</def>
<hw>Stom`a*top"o*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
Stomatopoda.</def>
<hw>Stom"a*to*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/, <?/, mouth + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>An apparatus for examining the interior of the mouth.</def>
<hw>Stom"a*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
stoma.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stom`o*d\'91"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, mouth + <?/ to divide.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A part of the alimentary
canal. See under <er>Mesenteron</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The primitive mouth and
esophagus of the embryo of annelids and arthropods.</def>
<hw>Stomp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stamp</er>.]</ety> <def>To stamp with the foot.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdIn gallant procession, the priests
mean to <xex>stomp</xex>.\'b8
<au>R. Browning.</au>
<hw>Stond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>stand</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Stop; halt;
hindrance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stand; a post; a station.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Stond</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To stand.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Stone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>ston</ets>, <ets>stan</ets>, AS. <ets>st\'ben</ets>; akin to
OS. & OFries. <ets>st\'c7n</ets>, D. <ets>steen</ets>, G.
<ets>stein</ets>, Icel. <ets>steinn</ets>, Sw. <ets>sten</ets>,
Dan. <ets>steen</ets>, Goth. <ets>stains</ets>, Russ.
<ets>stiena</ets> a wall, Gr. <?/, <?/, a pebble. \'fb167. Cf.
<er>Steen</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Concreted earthy or
mineral matter; also, any particular mass of such matter; <as>as,
a house built of <ex>stone</ex>; the boy threw a <ex>stone</ex>;
pebbles are rounded <ex>stones</ex>.</as></def> \'bdDumb as a
<xex>stone</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>They had brick for <qex>stone</qex>, and slime . . . for
mortar.</q>
<qau>Gen. xi. 3.</qau>
<note><hand/ In popular language, very large masses of stone are
called <xex>rocks</xex>; small masses are called
<xex>stones</xex>; and the finer kinds, <xex>gravel</xex>, or
<xex>sand</xex>, or <xex>grains of sand</xex>. Stone is much and
widely used in the construction of buildings of all kinds, for
walls, fences, piers, abutments, arches, monuments, sculpture,
and the like.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A precious stone; a gem.</def> \'bdMany a rich
<xex>stone</xex>.\'b8 <au>Chaucer</au>. \'bdInestimable
<xex>stones</xex>, unvalued jewels.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something made of stone. Specifically: -</def>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The glass of a mirror; a mirror.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Lend me a looking-glass;
If that her breath will mist or stain the <qex>stone</qex>,
Why, then she lives.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A monument to the dead; a gravestone.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<q>Should some relenting eye
Glance on the where our cold relics lie.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A calculous concretion,
especially one in the kidneys or bladder; the disease arising
from a calculus.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>One of the testes; a testicle.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The hard endocarp of drupes;
<as>as, the <ex>stone</ex> of a cherry or peach</as>. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Endocarp</er>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A weight which legally is fourteen pounds, but
in practice varies with the article weighed.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<note><hand/ The <xex>stone</xex> of butchers' meat or fish is
reckoned at 8 lbs.; of cheese, 16 lbs.; of hemp, 32 lbs.; of
glass, 5 lbs.</note>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Fig.: Symbol of hardness and insensibility;
torpidness; insensibility; <as>as, a heart of
<ex>stone</ex></as>.</def>
<q>I have not yet forgot myself to <qex>stone</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A stand or table with a
smooth, flat top of stone, commonly marble, on which to arrange
the pages of a book, newspaper, etc., before printing; -- called
also <altname>imposing stone</altname>.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Stone</xex> is used adjectively or in
composition with other words to denote <xex>made of stone</xex>,
<xex>containing a stone</xex> or <xex>stones</xex>, <xex>employed
on stone</xex>, or, more generally, <xex>of</xex> or
<xex>pertaining to stone</xex> or <xex>stones</xex>; as,
<xex>stone</xex> fruit, or <xex>stone</xex>-fruit;
<xex>stone</xex>-hammer, or <xex>stone</xex> hammer;
<xex>stone</xex> falcon, or <xex>stone</xex>-falcon. Compounded
with some adjectives it denotes a degree of the quality expressed
by the adjective equal to that possessed by a stone; as,
<xex>stone</xex>-dead, <xex>stone</xex>-blind,
<xex>stone</xex>-cold, <xex>stone</xex>-still, etc.</note>
<cs><col>Atlantic stone</col>, <cd>ivory.</cd>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdCitron tables, or <xex>Atlantic
stone<xex>.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>. -- <col>Bowing stone</col>.
<cd>Same as <er>Cromlech</er>.</cd> <au>Encyc. Brit.</au> --
<col>Meteoric stones</col>, <cd>stones which fall from the
atmosphere, as after the explosion of a meteor.</cd> --
<col>Philosopher's stone</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Philosopher</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rocking stone</col>. <cd>See
<er>Rocking-stone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Stone age</col>, <cd>a
supposed prehistoric age of the world when stone and bone were
habitually used as the materials for weapons and tools; -- called
also <altname>flint age</altname>. The <cref>bronze age</cref>
succeeded to this.</cd> -- <col>Stone bass</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of marine
food fishes of the genus <spn>Serranus</spn> and allied genera,
as <spn>Serranus Couchii</spn>, and <spn>Polyprion cernium</spn>
of Europe; -- called also <altname>sea perch</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Stone biter</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wolf
fish.</cd> -- <col>Stone boiling</col>, <cd>a method of boiling
water or milk by dropping hot stones into it, -- in use among
savages.</cd> <au>Tylor</au>. -- <col>Stone borer</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any animal that bores stones;
especially, one of certain bivalve mollusks which burrow in
limestone. See <er>Lithodomus</er>, and <er>Saxicava</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Stone bramble</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a European
trailing species of bramble (<spn>Rubus saxatilis</spn>).</cd> --
<col>Stone-break</col>. <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>steinbrech<ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Any plant of the genus
<spn>Saxifraga</spn>; saxifrage.</cd> -- <col>Stone bruise</col>,
<cd>a sore spot on the bottom of the foot, from a bruise by a
stone.</cd> -- <col>Stone canal</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<cd>Same as <cref>Sand canal</cref>, under <er>Sand</er>.</cd> --
<col>Stone cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
several species of small fresh-water North American catfishes of
the genus <spn>Noturus</spn>. They have sharp pectoral spines
with which they inflict painful wounds.</cd> -- <col>Stone
coal</col>, <cd>hard coal; mineral coal; anthracite coal.</cd> --
<col>Stone coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any hard
calcareous coral.</cd> -- <col>Stone crab</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A large crab (<spn>Menippe
mercenaria</spn>) found on the southern coast of the United
States and much used as food.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A European
spider crab (<spn>Lithodes maia</spn>)</cd>. <col>Stone
crawfish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European crawfish
(<spn>Astacus torrentium</spn>), by many writers considered only
a variety of the common species (<spn>A. fluviatilis</spn>).</cd>
-- <col>Stone curlew</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>A large plover found in Europe (<spn>Edicnemus
crepitans</spn>). It frequents stony places. Called also
<altname>thick-kneed plover</altname> or
<altname>bustard</altname>, and
<altname>thick-knee</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The
whimbrel</cd>. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The
willet.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Stone
crush</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Stone bruise</cref>, above.</cd>
-- <col>Stone eater</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<cref>Stone borer</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Stone falcon</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the merlin.</cd> -- <col>Stone
fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a European fern (<spn>Asplenium
Ceterach</spn>) which grows on rocks and walls.</cd> --
<col>Stone fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of many
species of pseudoneuropterous insects of the genus
<spn>Perla</spn> and allied genera; a perlid. They are often used
by anglers for bait. The larv\'91 are aquatic.</cd> -- <col>Stone
fruit</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any fruit with a stony
endocarp; a drupe, as a peach, plum, or cherry.</cd> --
<col>Stone grig</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the mud lamprey,
or pride.</cd> -- <col>Stone hammer</col>, <cd>a hammer formed
with a face at one end, and a thick, blunt edge, parallel with
the handle, at the other, -- used for breaking stone.</cd> --
<col>Stone hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the merlin; --
so called from its habit of sitting on bare stones.</cd> --
<col>Stone jar</col>, <cd>a jar made of stoneware.</cd> --
<col>Stone lily</col> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>, <cd>a fossil
crinoid.</cd> -- <col>Stone lugger</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<cd>See <cref>Stone roller</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Stone
marten</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European marten
(<spn>Mustela foina</spn>) allied to the pine marten, but having
a white throat; -- called also <altname>beech
marten</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Stone mason</col>, <cd>a mason who
works or builds in stone.</cd> -- <col>Stone-mortar</col>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of large mortar formerly used in
sieges for throwing a mass of small stones short distances.</cd>
-- <col>Stone oil</col>, <cd>rock oil, petroleum.</cd> --
<col>Stone parsley</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an umbelliferous
plant (<spn>Seseli Labanotis</spn>). See under
<er>Parsley</er>.</cd> -- <col>Stone pine</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A nut pine. See the Note under
<er>Pine</er>, and <er>Pi\'a4on</er>.</cd> -- <col>Stone
pit</col>, <cd>a quarry where stones are dug.</cd> -- <col>Stone
pitch</col>, <cd>hard, inspissated pitch.</cd> -- <col>Stone
plover</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The European
stone curlew</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any one of several species of
Asiatic plovers of the genus <spn>Esacus</spn>; <as>as, the large
<ex>stone plover<ex> (<spn>E. recurvirostris</spn>)</as>.</cd>
<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The gray or black-bellied plover</cd>.
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>The ringed
plover.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>The bar-tailed godwit. <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark> Also applied to other species of limicoline
birds.</cd> -- <col>Stone roller</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An American fresh-water fish (<spn>Catostomus
nigricans</spn>) of the Sucker family. Its color is yellowish
olive, often with dark blotches. Called also <altname>stone
lugger</altname>, <altname>stone toter</altname>, <altname>hog
sucker</altname>, <altname>hog mullet</altname>.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A common American cyprinoid fish
(<spn>Campostoma anomalum</spn>); -- called also <altname>stone
lugger</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Stone's cast</col>, <or/
<col>Stone's throw</col></mcol>, <cd>the distance to which a
stone may be thrown by the hand.</cd> -- <col>Stone snipe</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the greater yellowlegs, or
tattler.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Stone
toter</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>See
<cref>Stone roller</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, above</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>A cyprinoid fish (<spn>Exoglossum maxillingua</spn>) found in
the rivers from Virginia to New York. It has a three-lobed lower
lip; -- called also <altname>cutlips</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To
leave no stone unturned</col>, <cd>to do everything that can be
done; to use all practicable means to effect an object.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stoned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Stoning</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[From <er>Stone</er>, <pos>n.</pos>: cf. AS.
<ets>st<?/nan</ets>, Goth. <ets>stainjan</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To pelt, beat, or kill with stones.</def>
<q>And they <qex>stoned</qex> Stephen, calling upon God, and
saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.</q>
<qau>Acts vii. 59.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make like stone; to harden.</def>
<q>O perjured woman! thou dost <qex>stone</qex> my heart.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To free from stones; also, to remove the seeds
of; <as>as, to <ex>stone</ex> a field; to <ex>stone</ex>
cherries; to <ex>stone</ex> raisins</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To wall or face with stones; to line or fortify
with stones; <as>as, to <ex>stone</ex> a well; to <ex>stone</ex>
a cellar</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To rub, scour, or sharpen with a stone.</def>
<-- get stoned, be stoned? -->
<-- p. 1419 -->
<hw>Stone"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
yellowlegs; -- called also <altname>stone snipe</altname>. See
<er>Tattler</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Stone"-blind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>As blind
as a stone; completely blind.</def>
<hw>Stone"bow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
crossbow formerly used for shooting stones.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stone"brash`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A subsoil
made up of small stones or finely-broken rock; brash.</def>
<hw>Stone"brear`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
machine for crushing or hammering stone.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Stone"buck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Steinbock</er>.</def>
<hw>Stone"chat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stone</ets> + <ets>chat</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[So called
from the similarity of its alarm note to the clicking together of
two pebbles.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
small, active, and very common European singing bird
(<spn>Pratincola rubicola</spn>); -- called also
<altname>chickstone</altname>, <altname>stonechacker</altname>,
<altname>stonechatter</altname>, <altname>stoneclink</altname>,
<altname>stonesmith</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
wheatear.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The blue titmouse.</def>
<note><hand/ The name is sometimes applied to various species of
<spn>Saxicola</spn>, <spn>Pratincola</spn>, and allied genera;
as, the pied <xex>stonechat</xex> of India (<spn>Saxicola
picata</spn>).</note>
<hw>Stone"-cold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cold as a
stone.</def>
<q><qex>Stone-cold</qex> without, within burnt with love's
flame.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<hw>Stone"cray`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stone</ets> + F. <ets>craie</ets> chalk, L.
<ets>creta</ets>.]</ety> <def>A distemper in hawks.</def>
<hw>Stone"crop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>st\'bencropp</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sort of
tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any low succulent plant of the
genus <spn>Sedum</spn>, esp. <spn>Sedum acre</spn>, which is
common on bare rocks in Europe, and is spreading in parts of
America. See <er>Orpine</er>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Virginian</col>, <or/ <col>Ditch</col>,
<col>stonecrop</col></mcol>, <cd>an American plant
(<spn>Penthorum sedoides</spn>).</cd></cs>
<hw>Stone"cut`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose
occupation is to cut stone; also, a machine for dressing
stone.</def>
<hw>Stone"cut`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Hewing
or dressing stone.</def>
<hw>Stone"-dead`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>As dead as
a stone.</def>
<hw>Stone"-deaf`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>As deaf as
a stone; completely deaf.</def>
<hw>Stone"gall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>steengal</ets>, G. <ets>steingall</ets>. See
<er>Stannel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Stannel</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stone"hatch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ring plover, or dotterel.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stone"-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Hard-hearted; cruel; pitiless; unfeeling.</def>
<hw>Stone"henge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
assemblage of upright stones with others placed horizontally on
their tops, on Salisbury Plain, England, -- generally supposed to
be the remains of an ancient Druidical temple.</def>
<hw>Stone"-horse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Stallion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>Ston"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who stones; one who makes an assault with stones.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who walls with stones.</def>
<hw>Stone"root`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A North American plant (<spn>Collinsonia
Canadensis</spn>) having a very hard root; horse balm. See
<cref>Horse balm</cref>, under <er>Horse</er>.</def>
<hw>Stone"run`ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The ring plover, or the
ringed dotterel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The dotterel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stone"smic`kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The stonechat; -- called also
<altname>stonesmitch</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stone"-still`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>As still
as a stone.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stone"ware`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A species
of coarse potter's ware, glazed and baked.</def>
<hw>Stone"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus
<spn>Lithospermum</spn>, herbs having a fruit composed of four
stony nutlets.</def>
<hw>Stone"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Work or
wall consisting of stone; mason's work of stone.</def>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>Stone"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus Chara; -- so called
because they are often incrusted with carbonate of lime. See
<er>Chara</er>.</def>
<hw>Ston"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a stony
manner.</def>
<hw>Ston"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being stony.</def>
<hw>Ston"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stony.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdPossessed with <xex>stonish</xex>
insensibility.\'b8
<au>Robynson (More's Utopia).</au>
<hw>Stont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>3d pers.
sing. present</pos> of <er>Stand</er>.</def>
<hw>Ston"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Stonier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Stoniest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>st\'benig</ets>. See <er>Stone</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to stone, consisting of, or abounding in,
stone or stones; resembling stone; hard; <as>as, a <ex>stony</ex>
tower; a <ex>stony</ex> cave; <ex>stony</ex> ground; a
<ex>stony</ex> crust</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Converting into stone; petrifying;
petrific.</def>
<q>The <qex>stony</qex> dart of senseless cold.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Inflexible; cruel; unrelenting; pitiless;
obdurate; perverse; cold; morally hard; appearing as if
petrified; <as>as, a <ex>stony</ex> heart; a <ex>stony</ex>
gaze</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Stony coral</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<cref>Stone coral</cref>, under <er>Stone</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Stand</er>.</def>
<hw>Stook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.
<ets>stook</ets>, <ets>stouk</ets>; cf. LG. <ets>stuke</ets> a
heap, bundle, G. <ets>stauche</ets> a truss, bundle of
flax.]</ety> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A small collection of
sheaves set up in the field; a shock; in England, twelve
sheaves.</def>
<hw>Stook</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stooked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stooking</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Agric.)</fld>
<def>To set up, as sheaves of grain, in stooks.</def>
<hw>Stool</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stolo</ets>. See <er>Stolon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Hort.)</fld>
<def>A plant from which layers are propagated by bending its
branches into the soil.</def>
<au>P. Henderson.</au>
<hw>Stool</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>To
ramfy; to tiller, as grain; to shoot out suckers.</def>
<au>R. D. Blackmore.</au>
<hw>Stool</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>st\'d3l</ets> a seat; akin to OFries. & OS.
<ets>st\'d3l</ets>, D. <ets>stoel</ets>, G. <ets>stuhl</ets>,
OHG. <ets>stuol</ets>, Icel. <ets>st\'d3ll</ets>, Sw. & Dan.
<ets>stol</ets>, Goth. <ets>st\'d3ls</ets>, Lith.
<ets>stalas</ets> a table, Russ. <ets>stol'</ets>; from the root
of E. <ets>stand</ets>. \'fb163. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf.
<er>Fauteuil</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A single seat with
three or four legs and without a back, made in various forms for
various uses.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A seat used in evacuating the bowels; hence, an
evacuation; a discharge from the bowels.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A stool pigeon, or decoy bird.</def> <mark>[U.
S.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small channel on the side
of a vessel, for the dead-eyes of the backstays.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A bishop's seat or see; a bishop-stool.</def>
<au>J. P. Peters.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A bench or form for resting the feet or the
knees; a footstool; <as>as, a kneeling <ex>stool</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Material, such as oyster shells, spread on the
sea bottom for oyster spat to adhere to.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<cs><mcol><col>Stool of a window</col>, <or/ <col>Window
stool</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the flat piece upon
which the window shuts down, and which corresponds to the sill of
a door; in the United States, the narrow shelf fitted on the
inside against the actual sill upon which the sash descends. This
is called a <xex>window seat</xex> when broad and low enough to
be used as a seat.</cd> <col>Stool of repentance</col>, <cd>the
cuttystool.</cd> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> -- <col>Stool pigeon</col>,
<cd>a pigeon used as a decoy to draw others within a net; hence,
a person used as a decoy for others.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stool"ball`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
game with balls, formerly common in England, esp. with young
women.</def>
<q>Nausicaa
With other virgins did at <qex>stoolball</qex> play.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<hw>Stoom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>stommen</ets> to adulterate, to drug (wine). \'fb163. Cf.
<er>Stum</er>.]</ety> <def>To stum.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Stoop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>stoep</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Originally, a
covered porch with seats, at a house door; the Dutch
<xex>stoep</xex> as introduced by the Dutch into New York.
Afterward, an out-of-door flight of stairs of from seven to
fourteen steps, with platform and parapets, leading to an
entrance door some distance above the street; the French
<xex>perron</xex>. Hence, any porch, platform, entrance stairway,
or small veranda, at a house door.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Stoop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>stope</ets>, Icel.
<ets>staup</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>ste\'a0p</ets>, D.
<ets>stoop</ets>, G. <ets>stauf</ets>, OHG.
<ets>stouph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vessel of liquor; a
flagon.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>stoup</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>Fetch me a <qex>stoop</qex> of liquor.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Stoop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>staup</ets> a
knobby lump.]</ety> <def>A post fixed in the earth.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stoop</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stooped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stooping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stoupen</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>st<?/pian</ets>, OD.
<ets>stuypen</ets>, Icel. <ets>st<umac/pa</ets>, Sw.
<ets>stupa</ets> to fall, to tilt. Cf 5th <er>Steep</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To bend the upper part of the body downward and
forward; to bend or lean forward; to incline forward in standing
or walking; to assume habitually a bent position.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To yield; to submit; to bend, as by compulsion;
to assume a position of humility or subjection.</def>
<q>Mighty in her ships stood Carthage long, . . .
Yet <qex>stooped</qex> to Rome, less wealthy, but more
strong.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>These are arts, my prince,
In which your Zama does not <qex>stoop</qex> to Rome.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To descend from rank or dignity; to
condescend.</def> \'bdShe <xex>stoops</xex> to conquer.\'b8
<au>Goldsmith.</au>
<q>Where men of great wealth <qex>stoop</qex> to husbandry, it
multiplieth riches exceedingly.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To come down as a hawk does on its prey; to
pounce; to souse; to swoop.</def>
<q>The bird of Jove, <qex>stooped</qex> from his a\'89ry tour,
Two birds of gayest plume before him drove.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To sink when on the wing; to alight.</def>
<q>And <qex>stoop</qex> with closing pinions from above.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Cowering low
With blandishment, each bird <qex>stooped</qex> on his wing.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To lean; yield; submit; condescend; descend; cower;
shrink.</syn>
<hw>Stoop</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bend forward
and downward; to bow down; <as>as, to <ex>stoop</ex> the
body</as>.</def> \'bdHave <xex>stooped</xex> my neck.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to incline downward; to slant; <as>as,
to <ex>stoop</ex> a cask of liquor</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to submit; to prostrate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Many of those whose states so tempt thine ears
Are <qex>stooped</qex> by death; and many left alive.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To degrade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stoop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
stooping, or bending the body forward; inclination forward; also,
an habitual bend of the back and shoulders.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Descent, as from dignity or superiority;
condescension; an act or position of humiliation.</def>
<q>Can any loyal subject see
With patience such a <qex>stoop</qex> from sovereignty?</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The fall of a bird on its prey; a swoop.</def>
<au>L'Estrange.</au>
<hw>Stoop"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
stoops.</def>
<hw>Stoop"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Stoop</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Stoop"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Stoor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>storen</ets> to disturb. Cf. <er>Stir</er>.]</ety> <def>To
rise in clouds, as dust.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stoor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>st\'d3r</ets>; akin to LG.
<ets>stur</ets>, Icel. <ets>st\'d3rr</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strong;
powerful; hardy; bold; audacious.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Scot.]</mark>
<q>O stronge lady <qex>stoor</qex>, what doest thou?</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Stop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stopped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stopping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stoppen</ets>, AS.
<ets>stoppian</ets> (in comp.); akin to LG. & D.
<ets>stoppen</ets>, G. <ets>stopfen</ets>, Icel.
<ets>stoppa</ets>, Sw. <ets>stoppa</ets>, Dan. <ets>stoppe</ets>;
all probably fr. LL. <ets>stopare</ets>, <ets>stupare</ets>, fr.
L. <ets>stuppa</ets> the coarse part of flax, tow, oakum. Cf.
<er>Estop</er>, <er>Stuff</er>, <er>Stupe</er> a
fomentation.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To close, as an aperture, by
filling or by obstructing; <as>as, to <ex>stop</ex> the
ears</as>; hence, to stanch, as a wound.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To obstruct; to render impassable; <as>as, to
<ex>stop</ex> a way, road, or passage</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To arrest the progress of; to hinder; to impede;
to shut in; <as>as, to <ex>stop</ex> a traveler; to <ex>stop</ex>
the course of a stream, or a flow of blood</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To hinder from acting or moving; to prevent the
effect or efficiency of; to cause to cease; to repress; to
restrain; to suppress; to interrupt; to suspend; <as>as, to
<ex>stop</ex> the execution of a decree, the progress of vice,
the approaches of old age or infirmity</as>.</def>
<q>Whose disposition all the world well knows
Will not be rubbed nor <qex>stopped</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To regulate the sounds of, as
musical strings, by pressing them against the finger board with
the finger, or by shortening in any way the vibrating part.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To point, as a composition; to punctuate.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>If his sentences were properly <qex>stopped</qex>.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To make fast; to
stopper.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To obstruct; hinder; impede; repress; suppress;
restrain; discontinue; delay; interrupt.</syn>
<cs><col>To stop off</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>to fill (a
part of a mold) with sand, where a part of the cavity left by the
pattern is not wanted for the casting.</cd> -- <col>To stop the
mouth</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mouth</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
cease to go on; to halt, or stand still; to come to a stop.</def>
<q>He bites his lip, and starts;
<qex>Stops</qex> on a sudden, looks upon the ground;
Then lays his finger on his temple: strait
Springs out into fast gait; then <qex>stops</qex> again.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cease from any motion, or course of
action.</def>
<q><qex>Stop</qex>, while ye may, suspend your mad career!</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To spend a short time; to reside temporarily; to
stay; to tarry; <as>as, to <ex>stop</ex> with a
friend</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>By <qex>stopping</qex> at home till the money was gone.</q>
<qau>R. D. Blackmore.</qau>
<cs><col>To stop over</col>, <cd>to stop at a station beyond the
time of the departure of the train on which one came, with the
purpose of continuing one's journey on a subsequent train; to
break one's journey.</cd> <mark>[Railroad Cant, U.S.]</mark></cs>
<-- or on an airplane flight. See <er>stopover</er> -->
<-- To stop off, to make a brief visit -->
<hw>Stop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
stopping, or the state of being stopped; hindrance of progress or
of action; cessation; repression; interruption; check;
obstruction.</def>
<q>It is doubtful . . . whether it contributed anything to the
<qex>stop</qex> of the infection.</q>
<qau>De Foe.</qau>
<q>Occult qualities put a <qex>stop</qex> to the improvement of
natural philosophy.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>
<q>It is a great step toward the mastery of our desires to give
this <qex>stop</qex> to them.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which stops, impedes, or obstructs; as
obstacle; an impediment; an obstruction.</def>
<q>A fatal <qex>stop</qex> traversed their headlong course.</q>
<qau>Daniel.</qau>
<q>So melancholy a prospect should inspire us with zeal to oppose
some <qex>stop</qex> to the rising torrent.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A device, or piece, as a pin,
block, pawl, etc., for arresting or limiting motion, or for
determining the position to which another part shall be
brought.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The closing of an
aperture in the air passage, or pressure of the finger upon the
string, of an instrument of music, so as to modify the tone;
hence, any contrivance by which the sounds of a musical
instrument are regulated.</def>
<q>The organ sound a time survives the <qex>stop</qex>.</q>
<qau>Daniel.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In the organ, one of the knobs or handles at
each side of the organist, by which he can draw on or shut off
any register or row of pipes; the register itself; as, the vox
humana <xex>stop</xex>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A member, plain or molded,
formed of a separate piece and fixed to a jamb, against which a
door or window shuts. This takes the place, or answers the
purpose, of a rebate. Also, a pin or block to prevent a drawer
from sliding too far.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A point or mark in writing or printing intended
to distinguish the sentences, parts of a sentence, or clauses; a
mark of punctuation. See <er>Punctuation</er>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The diaphragm used in optical
instruments to cut off the marginal portions of a beam of light
passing through lenses.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The depression in the face
of a dog between the skull and the nasal bones. It is conspicuous
in the bulldog, pug, and some other breeds.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Some part of the
articulating organs, as the lips, or the tongue and palate,
closed <sd>(a)</sd> so as to cut off the passage of breath or
voice through the mouth and the nose (distinguished as a
<xex>lip-stop</xex>, or a <xex>front-stop</xex>, etc., as in
<xex>p</xex>, <xex>t</xex>, <xex>d</xex>, etc.), or <sd>(b)</sd>
so as to obstruct, but not entirely cut off, the passage, as in
<xex>l</xex>, <xex>n</xex>, etc.; also, any of the consonants so
formed.</def>
<au>H. Sweet.</au>
<cs><col>Stop bead</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the molding
screwed to the inner side of a window frame, on the face of the
pulley stile, completing the groove in which the inner sash is to
slide.</cd> -- <col>Stop motion</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>an
automatic device for arresting the motion of a machine, as when a
certain operation is completed, or when an imperfection occurs in
its performance or product, or in the material which is supplied
to it, etc.</cd> -- <col>Stop plank</col>, <cd>one of a set of
planks employed to form a sort of dam in some hydraulic
works.</cd> -- <col>Stop valve</col>, <cd>a valve that can be
closed or opened at will, as by hand, for preventing or
regulating flow, as of a liquid in a pipe; -- in distinction from
a valve which is operated by the action of the fluid it
restrains.</cd> -- <col>Stop watch</col>, <cd>a watch the hands
of which can be stopped in order to tell exactly the time that
has passed, as in timing a race. See <cref>Independent seconds
watch</cref>, under <er>Independent</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Cessation; check; obstruction; obstacle; hindrance;
impediment; interruption.</syn>
<hw>Stop"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A bib, faucet, or short pipe, fitted with a turning stopper
or plug for permitting or restraining the flow of a liquid or
gas; a cock or valve for checking or regulating the flow of
water, gas, etc., through or from a pipe, etc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The turning plug, stopper, or spigot of a
faucet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Stope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Step</er>, <pos>n.</pos> & <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A horizontal working forming one of a
series, the working faces of which present the appearance of a
flight of steps.</def>
<hw>Stope</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stoped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stoping</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>To excavate in the form of stopes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>To fill in with rubbish, as a space from which the ore has
been worked out.</def>
<-- p. 1420 -->
<mhw>{ <hw>Stope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sto"pen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <mord>of <er>Step</er></mord>.
<def>Stepped; gone; advanced.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A poor widow, somedeal <qex>stope</qex> in age.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Stop"-gap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which
closes or fills up an opening or gap; hence, a temporary
expedient.</def>
<q>Moral prejudices are the <qex>stop-gaps</qex> of virtue.</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>
<hw>Stop"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>
<def>The act of excavating in the form of stopes.</def>
<hw>Stop"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not to be
stopped.</def>
<au>Davenant.</au>
<hw>Stop"-o`ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Permitting
one to stop over; <as>as, a <ex>stop-over</ex> check or
ticket</as>. See <cref>To stop over</cref>, under <er>Stop</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos></def> <mark>[Railroad Cant, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Stop"page</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
stopping, or arresting progress, motion, or action; also, the
state of being stopped; <as>as, the <ex>stoppage</ex> of the
circulation of the blood; the <ex>stoppage</ex> of
commerce.</as></def>
<hw>Stopped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Made by complete closure of the mouth
organs; shut; -- said of certain consonants (<xex>p</xex>,
<xex>b</xex>, <xex>t</xex>, <xex>d</xex>, etc.).</def>
<au>H. Sweet.</au>
<-- glottal stop? -->
<hw>Stop"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who stops, closes, shuts, or hinders; that which stops
or obstructs; that which closes or fills a vent or hole in a
vessel.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A short piece of rope having
a knot at one or both ends, with a lanyard under the knot, --
used to secure something.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name to several trees of the
genus Eugenia, found in Florida and the West Indies; <as>as, the
red <ex>stopper</ex></as>. See <er>Eugenia</er>.</def>
<au>C. S. Sargent.</au>
<cs><col>Ring stopper</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a short rope
or chain passing through the anchor ring, to secure the anchor to
the cathead.</cd> -- <col>Stopper bolt</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,
<cd>a large ringbolt in a ship's deck, to which the deck stoppers
are hooked.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stop"per</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stoppered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stoppering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To close or
secure with a stopper.</def>
<hw>Stop"ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Material for filling a cavity.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A partition or door to
direct or prevent a current of air.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A pad or poultice of dung or
other material applied to a horse's hoof to keep it moist.</def>
<au>Youatt.</au>
<hw>Stop"ping-out`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A method
adopted in etching, to keep the acid from those parts which are
already sufficiently corroded, by applying varnish or other
covering matter with a brush, but allowing the acid to act on the
other parts.</def>
<hw>Stop"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>st\'94pfel</ets>, <ets>st\'94psel</ets>. See <er>Stop</er>,
<pos>n.</pos> & <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>That which stops or
closes the mouth of a vessel; a stopper; <as>as, a glass
<ex>stopple</ex>; a cork <ex>stopple</ex>.</as></def>
<hw>Stop"ple</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stoppled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stoppling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To close the mouth
of anything with a stopple, or as with a stopple.</def>
<au>Cowper.</au>
<hw>Stop"ship`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A remora. It was fabled to stop ships
by attaching itself to them.</def>
<au>Sylvester.</au>
<hw>Stor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Stoor</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Stor"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of depositing in a store or warehouse for safe
keeping; also, the safe keeping of goods in a warehouse.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Space for the safe keeping of goods.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The price changed for keeping goods in a
store.</def>
<cs><col>Storage battery</col>. <fld>(Physics)</fld> <cd>See the
Note under <er>Battery</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sto"rax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>storax</ets>, <ets>styrax</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf.
<er>Styrax</er>.]</ety> <def>Any one of a number of similar
complex resins obtained from the bark of several trees and shrubs
of the Styrax family. The most common of these is <stype>liquid
storax</stype>, a brown or gray semifluid substance of an
agreeable aromatic odor and balsamic taste, sometimes used in
perfumery, and in medicine as an expectorant.</def>
<note><hand/ A yellow aromatic honeylike substance, resembling,
and often confounded with, storax, is obtained from the American
sweet gum tree (<spn>Liquidambar styraciflua</spn>), and is much
used as a chewing gum, called <xex>sweet gum</xex>, and
<xex>liquid storax</xex>. Cf. <er>Liquidambar</er>.</note>
<hw>Store</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stor</ets>, <ets>stoor</ets>, OF. <ets>estor</ets>,
provisions, supplies, fr. <ets>estorer</ets> to store. See
<er>Store</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That
which is accumulated, or massed together; a source from which
supplies may be drawn; hence, an abundance; a great quantity, or
a great number.</def>
<q>The ships are fraught with <qex>store</qex> of victuals.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>With <qex>store</qex> of ladies, whose bright eyes
Rain influence, and give the prize.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place of deposit for goods, esp. for large
quantities; a storehouse; a warehouse; a magazine.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any place where goods are sold, whether by
wholesale or retail; a shop.</def> <mark>[U.S. & British
Colonies]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Articles, especially of food,
accumulated for some specific object; supplies, as of provisions,
arms, ammunition, and the like; <as>as, the <ex>stores</ex> of an
army, of a ship, of a family</as>.</def>
<q>His swine, his horse, his <qex>stoor</qex>, and his
poultry.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<cs><col>In store</col>, <cd>in a state of accumulation; in
keeping; hence, in a state of readiness.</cd> \'bdI have better
news in <xex>store<xex> for thee.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. --
<col>Store clothes</col>, clothing purchased at a shop or store;
-- in distinction from that which is <xex>home-made</xex>.
<mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Store pay</col>, payment for
goods or work in articles from a shop or store, instead of money.
<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>To set store by</col>, <cd>to value
greatly; to have a high appreciation of.</cd> -- <col>To tell no
store of</col>, <cd>to make no account of; to consider of no
importance.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Fund; supply; abundance; plenty; accumulation;
provision.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Store</er>, <er>Shop</er>. The
English call the place where goods are sold (however large or
splendid it may be) a <xex>shop</xex>, and confine the word
<xex>store</xex> to its original meaning; viz., a warehouse, or
place where goods are <xex>stored</xex>. In America the word
<xex>store</xex> is applied to all places, except the smallest,
where goods are sold. In some British colonies the word
<xex>store</xex> is used as in the United States.</usage>
<-- also syn. = stock -->
<q>In his needy <qex>shop</qex> a tortoise hung,
An alligator stuffed, and other skins
Of ill-shaped fishes; and about his shelves
A beggarly account of empty boxes.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Sulphurous and nitrous foam, . . .
Concocted and adjusted, they reduced
To blackest grain, and into <qex>store</qex> conveyed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Store</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Accumulated; hoarded.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Store</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stored</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Storing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>storen</ets>, OF. <ets>estorer</ets> to construct,
restore, store, LL. <ets>staurare</ets>, for L.
<ets>instaurare</ets> to renew, restore; <ets>in + staurare</ets>
(in comp.) Cf. <er>Instore</er>, <er>Instaurate</er>,
<er>Restore</er>, <er>Story</er> a floor.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To collect as a reserved supply; to accumulate; to lay
away.</def>
<q>Dora <qex>stored</qex> what little she could save.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish; to supply; to replenish; esp., to
stock or furnish against a future time.</def>
<q>Her mind with thousand virtues <qex>stored</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<q>Wise Plato said the world with men was <qex>stored</qex>.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<q>Having <qex>stored</qex> a pond of four acres with carps,
tench, and other fish.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deposit in a store, warehouse, or other
building, for preservation; to warehouse; <as>as, to
<ex>store</ex> goods</as>.</def>
<hw>Stored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Collected or
accumulated as a reserve supply; <as>as, <ex>stored</ex>
electricity</as>.</def>
<q>It is charged with <qex>stored</qex> virtue.</q>
<qau>Bagehot.</qau>
<hw>Store"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A building for keeping goods of any kind, especially
provisions; a magazine; a repository; a warehouse.</def>
<q>Joseph opened all the <qex>storehouses</qex>, and sold unto
Egyptians.</q>
<qau>Gen. xli. 56.</qau>
<q>The Scripture of God is a <qex>storehouse</qex> abounding with
estimable treasures of wisdom and knowledge.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mass or quality laid up.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Store"keep`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A man in charge of stores or goods of any kind; <as>as, a
naval <ex>storekeeper</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who keeps a \'bdstore;\'b8 a shopkeeper. See
1st <er>Store</er>, 3.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Stor"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who lays up
or forms a store.</def>
<hw>Store"room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Room in a
storehouse or repository; a room in which articles are
stored.</def>
<hw>Store"ship`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vessel
used to carry naval stores for a fleet, garrison, or the
like.</def>
<hw>Sto"rey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Story</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stor"ge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., from
Gr. <?/, <?/, to love.]</ety> <def>Parental affection; the
instinctive affection which animals have for their young.</def>
<hw>Sto"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Historical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sto"ried</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Story</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Told in a story.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a history; interesting from the stories
which pertain to it; venerable from the associations of the
past.</def>
<q>Some greedy minion, or imperious wife,
The trophied arches, <qex>storied</qex> halls, invade.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>Can <qex>storied</qex> urn, or animated bust,
Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath?</q>
<qau>Gray.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having (such or so many) stories; -- chiefly in
composition; <as>as, a two-<ex>storied</ex> house</as>.</def>
<hw>Sto"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A relater of
stories; an historian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Peacock.</au>
<hw>Sto"ri*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Story</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To form or
tell stories of; to narrate or describe in a story.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stork</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>storc</ets>; akin to G. <ets>storch</ets>, OHG.
<ets>storah</ets>, Icel. <ets>storkr</ets>, Dan. & Sw.
<ets>stork</ets>, and perhaps to Gr. <?/ a vulture.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of large
wading birds of the family <spn>Ciconid\'91</spn>, having long
legs and a long, pointed bill. They are found both in the Old
World and in America, and belong to <spn>Ciconia</spn> and
several allied genera. The European white stork (<spn>Ciconia
alba</spn>) is the best known. It commonly makes its nests on the
top of a building, a chimney, a church spire, or a pillar. The
black stork (<spn>C. nigra</spn>) is native of Asia, Africa, and
Europe.</def>
<cs><col>Black-necked stork</col>, <cd>the East Indian
jabiru.</cd> -- <col>Hair-crested stork</col>, <cd>the smaller
adjutant of India (<spn>Leptoptilos Javanica</spn>).</cd> --
<col>Giant stork</col>, <cd>the adjutant.</cd> -- <col>Marabou
stork</col>. <cd>See <er>Marabou</er>. -- Saddle-billed stork,
the African jabiru. See <er>Jabiru</er>.</cd> -- <col>Stork's
bill</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant of the genus
<spn>Pelargonium</spn>; -- so called in allusion to the beaklike
prolongation of the axis of the receptacle of its flower. See
<er>Pelargonium</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stork"-billed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
bill like that of the stork.</def>
<hw>Storm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>storm</ets>; akin to D. <ets>storm</ets>, G.
<ets>sturm</ets>, Icel. <ets>stormr</ets>; and perhaps to Gr. <?/
assault, onset, Skr. <ets>s<?/</ets> to flow, to hasten, or
perhaps to L. <ets>sternere</ets> to strew, prostrate (cf.
<er>Stratum</er>). \'fb166.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A violent
disturbance of the atmosphere, attended by wind, rain, snow,
hail, or thunder and lightning; hence, often, a heavy fall of
rain, snow, or hail, whether accompanied with wind or not.</def>
<q>We hear this fearful tempest sing,
Yet seek no shelter to avoid the <qex>storm</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A violent agitation of human society; a civil,
political, or domestic commotion; sedition, insurrection, or war;
violent outbreak; clamor; tumult.</def>
<q>I will stir up in England some black <qex>storm</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Her sister
Began to scold and raise up such a <qex>storm</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A heavy shower or fall, any adverse outburst of
tumultuous force; violence.</def>
<q>A brave man struggling in the <qex>storms</qex> of fate.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A violent assault on a
fortified place; a furious attempt of troops to enter and take a
fortified place by scaling the walls, forcing the gates, or the
like.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Storm</xex> is often used in the formation of
self-explained compounds; as, <xex>storm</xex>-presaging,
<xex>storm</xex>proof, <xex>storm</xex>-tossed, and the
like.</note>
<cs><col>Magnetic storm</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Magnetic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Storm-and-stress period</col>
<ety>[a translation of G. <ets>sturm und drang
periode<ets>]</ety>, <cd>a designation given to the literary
agitation and revolutionary development in Germany under the lead
of Goethe and Schiller in the latter part of the 18th
century.</cd> -- <col>Storm center</col> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld>,
<cd>the center of the area covered by a storm, especially by a
storm of large extent.</cd> -- <col>Storm door</col>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an extra outside door to prevent the
entrance of wind, cold, rain, etc.; -- usually removed in
summer.</cd><-- or replaced with a screen door; storm and screen
door. --> -- <col>Storm path</col> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld>,
<cd>the course over which a storm, or storm center, travels.</cd>
-- <col>Storm petrel</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Stormy petrel</cref>, under <er>Petrel</er>.</cd> --
<col>Storm sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>any one of a number
of strong, heavy sails that are bent and set in stormy
weather.</cd> -- <col>Storm scud</col>. <cd>See the Note under
<er>Cloud</er>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Tempest; violence; agitation; calamity.</syn>
<usage> -- <er>Storm</er>, <er>Tempest</er>. <xex>Storm</xex> is
violent agitation, a commotion of the elements by wind, etc., but
not necessarily implying the fall of anything from the clouds.
Hence, to call a mere fall or rain without wind a
<xex>storm</xex> is a departure from the true sense of the word.
A <xex>tempest</xex> is a sudden and violent storm, such as those
common on the coast of Italy, where the term originated, and is
usually attended by a heavy rain, with lightning and
thunder.</usage>
<q><qex>Storms</qex> beat, and rolls the main;
O! beat those <qex>storms</qex>, and roll the seas, in vain.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>What at first was called a gust, the same
Hath now a <qex>storm's</qex>, anon a <qex>tempest's</qex>
name.</q>
<qau>Donne.</qau>
<hw>Storm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stormed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Storming</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To
assault; to attack, and attempt to take, by scaling walls,
forcing gates, breaches, or the like; <as>as, to <ex>storm</ex> a
fortified town</as>.</def>
<hw>Storm</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>styrman</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To raise a
tempest.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To blow with violence; also, to rain, hail,
snow, or the like, usually in a violent manner, or with high
wind; -- used impersonally; <as>as, it
<ex>storms</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To rage; to be in a violent passion; to
fume.</def>
<q>The master <qex>storms</qex>, the lady scolds.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Storm"-beat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Beaten,
injured, or impaired by storms.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Storm"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The missel thrush.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The fieldfare.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The
green woodpecker.</def>
<hw>Storm"finch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The storm petrel.</def>
<hw>Storm"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding
with storms.</def> \'bdThe <xex>stormful</xex> east.\'b8
<au>Carlyle</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Storm"ful*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Storm"glass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A glass
vessel, usually cylindrical, filled with a solution which is
sensitive to atmospheric changes, indicating by a clouded
appearance, rain, snow, etc., and by clearness, fair
weather.</def>
<hw>Storm"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
stormy manner.</def>
<hw>Storm"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being
stormy; tempestuousness; biosteruousness; impetuousness.</def>
<hw>Storm"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from <er>Storm</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Storming party</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a party
assigned to the duty of making the first assault in storming a
fortress.</cd></cs>
<hw>Storm"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without storms.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Storm"wind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A heavy
wind; a wind that brings a storm; the blast of a storm.</def>
<au>Longfellow.</au>
<hw>Storm"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Stormier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Stormiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Characterized by, or proceeding from, a storm; subject to
storms; agitated with furious winds; biosterous; tempestous;
<as>as, a <ex>stormy</ex> season; a <ex>stormy</ex> day or
week.</as></def> \'bdBeyond the <xex>stormy</xex> Hebrides.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Proceeding from violent agitation or fury;
<as>as, a <ex>stormy</ex> sound; <ex>stormy</ex>
shocks.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Violent; passionate; rough; <as>as,
<ex>stormy</ex> passions</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Stormy</qex> chiefs of a desert but extensive domain.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Stor"thing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Norw.
<ets>storting</ets>; <ets>stor</ets> great + <ets>ting</ets>
court, court of justice; cf. Dan. <ets>ting</ets>,
<ets>thing</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Parliament of Norway, chosen by
indirect election once in three years, but holding annual
sessions.</def>
<hw>Stor"ven</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.
p.</pos> of <er>Starve</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sto"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stories</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OF.
<ets>estor\'82</ets>, <ets>estor\'82e</ets>, built, erected, p.p.
of <ets>estorer</ets> to build, restore, to store. See
<er>Store</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A set of rooms on
the same floor or level; a floor, or the space between two
floors. Also, a horizontal division of a building's exterior
considered architecturally, which need not correspond exactly
with the stories within.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>storey</asp>.]</altsp>
<note><hand/ A <xex>story</xex> comprehends the distance from one
floor to another; as, a <xex>story</xex> of nine or ten feet
elevation. The spaces between floors are numbered in order, from
below upward; as, the lower, second, or third <xex>story</xex>; a
house of one <xex>story</xex>, of two <xex>stories</xex>, of five
<xex>stories</xex>.</note>
<cs><col>Story post</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a vertical post
used to support a floor or superincumbent wall.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sto"ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>storie</ets>, OF.
<ets>estoire</ets>, F. <ets>histoire</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>historia</ets>. See <er>History</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A narration or recital of that which has occurred; a
description of past events; a history; a statement; a
record.</def>
<q>One malcontent who did indeed get a name in
<qex>story</qex>.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>
<q>Venice, with its unique city and its Impressive
<qex>story</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ed. Rev.</qau>
<q>The four great monarchies make the subject of ancient
<qex>story</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The relation of an incident or minor event; a
short narrative; a tale; especially, a fictitious narrative less
elaborate than a novel; a short romance.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A euphemism or child's word for \'bda lie;\'b8 a
fib; <as>as, to tell a <ex>story</ex></as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Sto"ry</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Storied</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Storying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To tell in
historical relation; to make the subject of a story; to narrate
or describe in story.</def>
<q>How worthy he is I will leave to appear hereafter, rather than
<qex>story</qex> him in his own hearing.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>It is <qex>storied</qex> of the brazen colossus in Rhodes,
that it was seventy cubits high.</q>
<qau>Bp. Wilkins.</qau>
<hw>Sto"ry*book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A book
containing stories, or short narratives, either true or
false.</def>
<hw>Sto"ry-tell`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who tells stories; a narrator of anecdotes,incidents, or
fictitious tales; <as>as, an amusing
<ex>story-teller</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An historian; -- in contempt.</def>
<au>Swift.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A euphemism or child's word for</def> \'bda
liar.\'b8
<hw>Sto"ry-tell`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being accustomed to
tell stories.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or
practice of telling stories.</def></def2>
<hw>Sto"ry-writ`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who writes short stories, as for magazines.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An historian; a chronicler.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdRathums, the <xex>story-writer</xex>.\'b8
<au>1 Esdr. ii. 17.</au>
<hw>Stot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>stotte</ets> a hack, jade, or worthless horse; cf. Sw.
<ets>stut</ets> a bull, Dan. <ets>stud</ets> an ox. Cf.
<er>Stoat</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A horse.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. Thorold Rogers.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A young bull or ox, especially one three years
old.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<-- p. 1421 -->
<hw>Stote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Stoat</er>.</def>
<hw>Stound</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Astound</er>, <er>Stun</er>.]</ety> <def>To be in pain or
sorrow.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Stound</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stound</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Stunned.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stound</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden, severe
pain or grief; peril; alarm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Astonishment; amazement.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser. Gay.</au>
<hw>Stound</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>stund</ets>; akin
to D. <ets>stond</ets>, G. <ets>stunde</ets>, Icel.
<ets>stund</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Hour; time;
season.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A brief space of time; a moment.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<cs><col>In a stound</col>, <cd>suddenly.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <au>Chaucer.</au></cs>
<hw>Stound</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Stand</er>.]</ety>
<def>A vessel for holding small beer.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Stoup</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stoop</er> a vessel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A flagon; a
vessel or measure for liquids.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A basin at the entrance of
Roman Catholic churches for containing the holy water with which
those who enter, dipping their fingers in it, cross themselves;
-- called also <altname>holy-water stoup</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estour</ets>, <ets>estor</ets>, tumult, combat, of Teutonic
origin. See <er>Storm</er>.]</ety> <def>A battle or tumult;
encounter; combat; disturbance; passion.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Fairfax</au>. \'bdThat woeful
<xex>stowre</xex>.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>She that helmed was in starke <qex>stours</qex> [fierce
conflicts].</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Stour</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Stoor</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Tall; strong; stern.</def> <mark>[Obs.
or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Stout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Stouter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Stoutest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D.
<ets>stout</ets> bold (or OF. <ets>estout</ets> bold, proud, of
Teutonic origin); akin to AS. <ets>stolt</ets>, G.
<ets>stolz</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>stilt</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Strong; lusty; vigorous; robust; sinewy;
muscular; hence, firm; resolute; dauntless.</def>
<q>With hearts stern and <qex>stout</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>A <qex>stouter</qex> champion never handled sword.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>He lost the character of a bold, <qex>stout</qex>, magnanimous
man.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>
<q>The lords all stand
To clear their cause, most resolutely <qex>stout</qex>.</q>
<qau>Daniel.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Proud; haughty; arrogant; hard.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<q>Your words have been <qex>stout</qex> against me.</q>
<qau>Mal. iii. 13.</qau>
<q>Commonly . . . they that be rich are lofty and
<qex>stout</qex>.</q>
<qau>Latimer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Firm; tough; materially strong; enduring;
<as>as, a <ex>stout</ex> vessel, stick, string, or
cloth</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Large; bulky; corpulent.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Stout</er>, <er>Corpulent</er>,
<er>Portly</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Corpulent</xex> has reference
simply to a superabundance or excess of flesh. <xex>Portly</xex>
implies a kind of stoutness or corpulence which gives a dignified
or imposing appearance. <xex>Stout</xex>, in our early writers
(as in the English Bible), was used chiefly or wholly in the
sense of <xex>strong</xex> or <xex>bold</xex>; <as>as, a
<ex>stout</ex> champion; a <ex>stout</ex> heart; a <ex>stout</ex>
resistance, etc.</as> At a later period it was used for
<xex>thickset</xex> or <xex>bulky</xex>, and more recently,
especially in England, the idea has been carried still further,
so that Taylor says in his Synonyms: \'bdThe <xex>stout</xex> man
has the proportions of an ox; he is corpulent, fat, and fleshy in
relation to his size.\'b8 In America, <xex>stout</xex> is still
commonly used in the original sense of <xex>strong</xex> as, a
<xex>stout</xex> boy; a <xex>stout</xex> pole.</usage>
<hw>Stout</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A strong malt liquor; strong
porter.</def>
<-- Famous Guiness' stout. -->
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Stout"-heart"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
a brave heart; courageous.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Stout"-heart"ed*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Stout"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat stout; somewhat
corpulent.</def>
<hw>Stout"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a stout manner;
lustily; boldly; obstinately; <as>as, he <ex>stoutly</ex>
defended himself</as>.</def>
<hw>Stout"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of
being stout.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Strength; bulk; courage; force; valor; lustiness;
brawniness; boldness; fortitude; stubbornness.</syn>
<hw>Stove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Stave</er>.</def>
<hw>Stove</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>stoof</ets> a foot
stove, originally, a heated room, a room for a bath; akin to G.
<ets>stube</ets> room, OHG. <ets>stuba</ets> a heated room, AS.
<ets>stofe</ets>, Icel. <ets>stofa</ets> a room, bathing room,
Sw. <ets>stufva</ets>, <ets>stuga</ets>, a room, Dan.
<ets>stue</ets>; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Estufa</er>,
<er>Stew</er>, <er>Stufa</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A house or
room artificially warmed or heated; a forcing house, or hothouse;
a drying room; -- formerly, designating an artificially warmed
dwelling or room, a parlor, or a bathroom, but now restricted, in
this sense, to heated houses or rooms used for horticultural
purposes or in the processes of the arts.</def>
<q>When most of the waiters were commanded away to their supper,
the parlor or <qex>stove</qex> being nearly emptied, in came a
company of musketeers.</q>
<qau>Earl of Strafford.</qau>
<q>How tedious is it to them that live in <qex>stoves</qex> and
caves half a year together, as in Iceland, Muscovy, or under the
pole!</q>
<qau>Burton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An apparatus, consisting essentially of a
receptacle for fuel, made of iron, brick, stone, or tiles, and
variously constructed, in which fire is made or kept for warming
a room or a house, or for culinary or other purposes.</def>
<cs><col>Cooking stove</col>, <cd>a stove with an oven, opening
for pots, kettles, and the like, -- used for cooking.</cd> --
<col>Dry stove</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dry</er>.</cd> --
<col>Foot stove</col>. <cd>See under <er>Foot</er>.</cd> --
<col>Franklin stove</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> --
<col>Stove plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant which
requires artificial heat to make it grow in cold or cold
temperate climates.</cd> -- <col>Stove plate</col>, <cd>thin iron
castings for the parts of stoves.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stove</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stoved</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stoving</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To keep warm, in
a house or room, by artificial heat; <as>as, to <ex>stove</ex>
orange trees</as>.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To heat or dry, as in a stove; <as>as, to
<ex>stove</ex> feathers</as>.</def>
<hw>Stove"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
hothouse.</def>
<hw>Stove"pipe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Pipe made
of sheet iron in length and angular or curved pieces fitting
together, -- used to connect a portable stove with a chimney
flue.</def>
<cs><col>Stovepipe hat</col>, <cd>the common tall silk hat.</cd>
<mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark></cs><-- common in the late 1800's -->
<hw>Sto"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>estoveir</ets>, <ets>estovoir</ets>, necessity, provisions,
properly an inf., \'bdto be necessary.\'b8 Cf.
<er>Estovers</er>.]</ety> <def>Fodder for cattle, especially
straw or coarse hay.</def>
<q>Where live nibbling sheep,
And flat meads thatched with <qex>stover</qex> them to keep.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Thresh barley as yet but as need shall require,
Fresh threshed for <qex>stover</qex> thy cattle desire.</q>
<qau>Tusser.</qau>
<hw>Stow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Stowing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>stowen</ets>, fr. <ets>stowe</ets> a place, AS.
<ets>stow</ets>; cf. Icel. eld<ets>st\'d3</ets>a fireplace,
hearth, OFries. <ets>st\'d3</ets>, and E. <ets>stand</ets>.
\'fb163.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To place or arrange in a compact
mass; to put in its proper place, or in a suitable place; to
pack; <as>as, to <ex>stow</ex>bags, bales, or casks in a ship's
hold; to <ex>stow</ex> hay in a mow; to <ex>stow</ex>
sheaves</as>.</def>
<q>Some <qex>stow</qex> their oars, or stop the leaky sides.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put away in some place; to hide; to
lodge.</def>
<q>Foul thief! where hast thou <qex>stowed</qex> my daughter?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To arrange anything compactly in; to fill, by
packing closely; <as>as, to <ex>stow</ex> a box, car, or the hold
of a ship</as>.</def>
<hw>Stow"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act or method of stowing; <as>as, the <ex>stowage</ex>
of provisions in a vessel</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Room in which things may be stowed.</def>
<au>Cook.</au>
<q>In every vessel is <qex>stowage</qex> for immense
treasures.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being stowed, or put away.</def>
\'bdTo have them in safe <xex>stowage</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Things stowed or packed.</def>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Money paid for stowing goods.</def>
<hw>Stow"a*way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
conceals himself board of a vessel about to leave port, or on a
railway train, in order to obtain a free passage.</def>
<hw>Stow"board</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place into
which rubbish is put.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>stowbord</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Stowce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A windlass.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A wooden
landmark, to indicate possession of mining land.</def>
<hw>Stow"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>
<def>A method of working in which the waste is packed into the
space formed by excavating the vein.</def>
<hw>Stowre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Stour</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stowre</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Stour</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Stra"bism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Strabismus.</def>
<hw>Stra`bis*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Strabismus</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the amount of
strabismus.</def>
<hw>Stra*bis"mus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to squint, fr. <?/ distorted, squinting.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An affection of one or both eyes, in which
the optic axes can not be directed to the same object, -- a
defect due either to undue contraction or to undue relaxation of
one or more of the muscles which move the eyeball; squinting;
cross-eye.</def>
<hw>Stra*bot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
squinting + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The
operation for the removal of squinting by the division of such
muscles as distort the eyeball.</def>
<hw>Strad"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Straddled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Straddling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. from the root of
<ets>stride</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To part the legs wide;
to stand or to walk with the legs far apart.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stand with the ends staggered; -- said of the
spokes of a wagon wheel where they join the hub.</def>
<hw>Strad"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To place one leg on one
side and the other on the other side of; to stand or sit astride
of; <as>as, to <ex>straddle</ex> a fence or a horse</as>.</def>
<hw>Strad"dle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
standing, sitting, or walking, with the feet far apart.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The position, or the distance between the feet,
of one who straddles; as, a wide <xex>straddle</xex>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A stock option giving the holder the double
privilege of a \'bdput\'b8 and a \'bdcall,\'b8 <it>i. e.</it>,
securing to the buyer of the option the right either to demand of
the seller at a certain price, within a certain time, certain
securities, or to require him to take at the same price, and
within the same time, the same securities.</def> <mark>[Broker's
Cant]</mark>
<hw>Strad"dling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Applied to
spokes when they are arranged alternately in two circles in the
hub. See <er>Straddle</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and
<er>Straddle</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 3.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Strad`o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>strada</ets> street or road + E. <ets>metrical</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Of, or relating to, the measuring of streets or roads.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Strag"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Straggled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Straggling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of OE. <ets>straken</ets>
to roam, to stroke. See <er>Stroke</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To wander from the direct course or way; to
rove; to stray; to wander from the line of march or desert the
line of battle; <as>as, when troops are on the march, the men
should not <ex>straggle</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wander at large; to roam idly about; to
ramble.</def>
<q>The wolf spied out a <qex>straggling</qex> kid.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To escape or stretch beyond proper limits, as
the branches of a plant; to spread widely apart; to shoot too far
or widely in growth.</def>
<q>Trim off the small, superfluous branches on each side of the
hedge that <qex>straggle too far out</qex>.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be dispersed or separated; to occur at
intervals.</def> \'bd<xex>Straggling</xex> pistol shots.\'b8
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<q>They came between Scylla and Charybdis and the
<qex>straggling</qex> rocks.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<hw>Strag"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
straggling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Carlyle.</au>
<hw>Strag"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who straggles, or departs from the direct or proper
course, or from the company to which he belongs; one who falls
behind the rest; one who rambles without any settled
direction.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A roving vagabond.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something that shoots, or spreads out, beyond
the rest, or too far; an exuberant growth.</def>
<q>Let thy hand supply the pruning knife,
And crop luxuriant <qex>stragglers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Something that stands alone or by itself.</def>
<hw>Strag"gling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Straggle</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<hw>Strag"gling*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a straggling
manner.</def>
<hw>\'d8Strag"u*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stragula</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a spread or
covering, from <ets>sternere</ets> to spread out.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The mantle, or pallium, of a
bird.</def>
<hw>Straight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>A variant of
<er>Strait</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>
<q>Egypt is a long country, but it is <qex>straight</qex>, that
is to say, narrow.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Mandeville.</qau>
<hw>Straight</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos>
<er>Straighter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>superl.</pos>
<er>Straightest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>strei<?/t</ets>, properly p.p. of <ets>strecchen</ets> to
stretch, AS. <ets>streht</ets>, p.p. of <ets>streccan</ets> to
stretch, to extend. See <er>Stretch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Right, in a mathematical sense; passing from one point to
another by the nearest course; direct; not deviating or crooked;
<as>as, a <ex>straight</ex> line or course; a <ex>straight</ex>
piece of timber</as>.</def>
<q>And the crooked shall be made <qex>straight</qex>.</q>
<qau>Isa. xl. 4.</qau>
<q>There are many several sorts of crooked lines, but there is
only one which is <qex>straight</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Approximately straight; not
much curved; <as>as, <ex>straight</ex> ribs are such as pass from
the base of a leaf to the apex, with a small curve</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>Composed of cards
which constitute a regular sequence, as the ace, king, queen,
jack, and ten-spot; <as>as, a <ex>straight</ex> hand; a
<ex>straight</ex> flush.</as></def>
<-- previously called also sequence, which see. -->
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Conforming to justice and rectitude; not
deviating from truth or fairness; upright; <as>as,
<ex>straight</ex> dealing</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Unmixed; undiluted; <as>as, to take liquor
<ex>straight</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Making no exceptions or deviations in one's
support of the organization and candidates of a political party;
<as>as, a <ex>straight</ex> Republican; a <xex>straight</xex>
Democrat; also, containing the names of all the regularly
nominated candidates of a party and no others; <as>as, a
<ex>straight</ex> ballot</as>.</as></def> <mark>[Political Cant,
U.S.]</mark>
<cs><col>Straight arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a form of
arch in which the intrados is straight, but with its joints drawn
radially, as in a common arch.</cd> -- <col>A straight
face</col>, <cd>one giving no evidence of merriment or other
emotion.</cd> -- <col>A straight line</col>. <cd>\'bdThat which
lies evenly between its extreme points.\'b8 <au>Euclid</au>.
\'bdThe shortest line between two points.\'b8 <au>Chauvenet</au>.
\'bdA line which has the same direction through its whole
length.\'b8 <au>Newcomb</au>.</cd> -- <col>Straight-way
valve</col>, <cd>a valve which, when opened widely, affords a
straight passageway, as for water.</cd></cs>
<-- the straight and narrow, proper ethical conduct; -- used esp.
in the phrase <it>walk the straight and narrow</it>. -->
<hw>Straight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
straight manner; directly; rightly; forthwith; immediately;
<as>as, the arrow went <ex>straight</ex> to the mark</as>.</def>
\'bdFloating <xex>straight</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>I know thy generous temper well;
Fling but the appearance of dishonor on it,
It <qex>straight</qex> takes fire, and mounts into a blaze.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>Everything was going on <qex>straight</qex>.</q>
<qau>W. Black.</qau>
<hw>Straight</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Poker)</fld> <def>A hand
of five cards in consecutive order as to value; a sequence. When
they are of one suit, it is calles <xex>straight
flush</xex>.</def>
<hw>Straight</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To straighten.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>A Smith.</au>
<hw>Straight"edge`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A board,
or piece of wood or metal, having one edge perfectly straight, --
used to ascertain whether a line is straight or a surface even,
and for drawing straight lines.</def>
<hw>Straight"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Straighted</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Straighting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make
straight; to reduce from a crooked to a straight form.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make right or correct; to reduce to order;
<as>as, to <ex>straighten</ex> one's affairs; to
<ex>straighten</ex> an account</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To straighten one's face</col>, <cd>to cease laughing or
smiling, etc., and compose one's features.</cd></cs>
<hw>Straight"en</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>A variant of
<er>Straiten</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>
<hw>Straight"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, straightens.</def>
<hw>Straight"forth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Straightway.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Straight`for"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Proceeding in a straight course or manner; not deviating;
honest; frank.</def> -- <def2><pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
straightforward manner.</def></def2> --
<wordforms><wf>Straight`for"ward*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Straight`for"ward*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Straight"horn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An orthoceras.</def>
<hw>Straight"-joint`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having straight joints.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Applied to a floor the boards of
which are so laid that the joints form a continued line
transverse to the length of the boards themselves.</def>
<au>Brandle & C.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In the United States,
applied to planking or flooring put together without the tongue
and groove, the pieces being laid edge to edge.</def>
<hw>Straight"-lined`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
straight lines.</def>
<hw>Straight"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a right line; not
crookedly.</def>
<hw>Straight"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>A variant of
<er>Straitly</er>. See 1st <er>Straight</er>.</def>
<hw>Straight"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality,
condition, or state, of being straight; <as>as, the
<ex>straightness</ex> of a path</as>.</def>
<hw>Straight"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A variant of
<er>Straitness</er>.</def>
<hw>Straight"-out`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Acting
without concealment, obliquity, or compromise; hence,
unqualified; thoroughgoing.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<q><qex>Straight-out</qex> and generous indignation.</q>
<qau>Mrs. Stowe.</qau>
<hw>Straight"-pight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Straight in form or upright in position; erect.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Straight"-spo`ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Speaking with directness; plain-spoken.</def> <mark>[Colloq.
U.S.]</mark>
<au>Lowell.</au>
<hw>Straight"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.</def>
<q>He took the damsel by the hand, and said unto her, Talitha
cumi. . . . And <qex>straightway</qex> the damsel arose.</q>
<qau>Mark v. 41,42.</qau>
<hw>Straight"ways`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Straightway.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Straik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A strake.</def>
<hw>Strain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Strene</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Race; stock; generation;
descent; family.</def>
<q>He is of a noble <qex>strain</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>With animals and plants a cross between different varieties,
or between individuals of the same variety but of another
<qex>strain</qex>, gives vigor and fertility to the
offspring.</q>
<qau>Darwin.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hereditary character, quality, or
disposition.</def>
<q>Intemperance and lust breed diseases, which, propogated, spoil
the <qex>strain</qex> of nation.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rank; a sort.</def> \'bdThe common
<xex>strain</xex>.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Strain</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Strained</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Straining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estraindre</ets>, <ets>estreindre</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82treindre</ets>, L. <ets>stringere</ets> to draw or bind
tight; probably akin to Gr. <?/ a halter, <?/ that which is
squeezwd out, a drop, or perhaps to E. <ets>strike</ets>. Cf.
<er>Strangle</er>, <er>Strike</er>, <er>Constrain</er>,
<er>District</er>, <er>Strait</er>, <pos>a.</pos>
<er>Stress</er>, <er>Strict</er>, <er>Stringent</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw with force; to extend with great effort;
to stretch; <as>as, to <ex>strain</ex> a rope; to <ex>strain</ex>
the shrouds of a ship; to <ex>strain</ex> the cords of a musical
instrument</as>.</def> \'bdTo <xex>strain</xex> his fetters with
a stricter care.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To act upon, in any way, so
as to cause change of form or volume, as forces on a beam to bend
it.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To exert to the utmost; to ply vigorously.</def>
<q>He sweats,
<qex>Strains</qex> his young nerves.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>They <qex>strain</qex> their warbling throats
To welcome in the spring.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To stretch beyond its proper limit; to do
violence to, in the matter of intent or meaning; <as>as, to
<ex>strain</ex> the law in order to convict an accused
person</as>.</def>
<q>There can be no other meaning in this expression, however some
may pretend to <qex>strain</qex> it.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To injure by drawing, stretching, or the
exertion of force; <as>as, the gale <ex>strained</ex> the timbers
of the ship</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To injure in the muscles or joints by causing to
make too strong an effort; to harm by overexertion; to sprain;
<as>as, to <ex>strain</ex> a horse by overloading; to
<ex>strain</ex> the wrist; to <ex>strain</ex> a
muscle</as>.</def>
<q>Prudes decayed about may track,
<qex>Strain</qex> their necks with looking back.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To squeeze; to press closely.</def>
<q>Evander with a close embrace
<qex>Strained</qex> his departing friend.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To make uneasy or unnatural; to produce with
apparent effort; to force; to constrain.</def>
<q>He talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth
Is forced and <qex>strained</qex>.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<q>The quality of mercy is not <qex>strained</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To urge with importunity; to press; <as>as, to
<ex>strain</ex> a petition or invitation</as>.</def>
<q>Note, if your lady <qex>strain</qex> his entertainment.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>To press, or cause to pass, through a strainer,
as through a screen, a cloth, or some porous substance; to
purify, or separate from extraneous or solid matter, by
filtration; to filter; <as>as, to <ex>strain</ex> milk through
cloth</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To strain a point</col>, <cd>to make a special effort;
especially, to do a degree of violence to some principle or to
one's own feelings.</cd> -- <col>To strain courtesy</col>, <cd>to
go beyond what courtesy requires; to insist somewhat too much
upon the precedence of others; -- often used ironically.</cd>
<au>Shak.</au></cs>
<-- p. 1422 -->
<hw>Strain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To make violent efforts.</def> \'bd<xex>Straining</xex> with
too weak a wing.\'b8
<au>Pope.</au>
<q>To build his fortune I will <qex>strain</qex> a little.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To percolate; to be filtered; <as>as, water
<ex>straining</ex> through a sandy soil</as>.</def>
<hw>Strain</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
straining, or the state of being strained.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A violent effort; an excessive and hurtful
exertion or tension, as of the muscles; as, he lifted the weight
with a <xex>strain</xex> the <xex>strain</xex> upon a ship's
rigging in a gale; also, the hurt or injury resulting; a
sprain.</def>
<q>Whether any poet of our country since Shakespeare has exerted
a greater variety of powers with less <qex>strain</qex> and less
ostentation.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<q>Credit is gained by custom, and seldom recovers a
<qex>strain</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mech. Physics)</fld> <def>A change of form or
dimensions of a solid or liquid mass, produced by a stress.</def>
<au>Rankine.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A portion of music divided off
by a double bar; a complete musical period or sentence; a
movement, or any rounded subdivision of a movement.</def>
<q>Their heavenly harps a lower <qex>strain</qex> began.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any sustained note or movement; a song; a
distinct portion of an ode or other poem; also, the pervading
note, or burden, of a song, poem, oration, book, etc.; theme;
motive; manner; style; also, a course of action or conduct;
<as>as, he spoke in a noble <ex>strain</ex>; there was a
<ex>strain</ex> of woe in his story; a <ex>strain</ex> of
trickery appears in his career</as>.</def> \'bdA
<xex>strain</xex> of gallantry.\'b8
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<q>Such take too high a <qex>strain</qex> at first.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>The genius and <qex>strain</qex> of the book of Proverbs.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<q>It [Pilgrim's Progress] seems a novelty, and yet contains
Nothing but sound and honest gospel <qex>strains</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Turn; tendency; inborn disposition. Cf. 1st
<er>Strain</er>.</def>
<q>Because heretics have a <qex>strain</qex> of madness, he
applied her with some corporal chastisements.</q>
<qau>Hayward.</qau>
<hw>Strain"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Capable of being strained.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Violent in action.</def>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Strain"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Violently.</def>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Strained</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Subjected to great or excessive tension; wrenched; weakened;
<as>as, <ex>strained</ex> relations between old
friends</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Done or produced with straining or excessive
effort; <as>as, his wit was <ex>strained</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Strain"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who strains.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That through which any liquid is passed for
purification or to separate it from solid matter; anything, as a
screen or a cloth, used to strain a liquid; a device of the
character of a sieve or of a filter; specifically, an openwork or
perforated screen, as for the end of the suctionpipe of a pump,
to prevent large solid bodies from entering with a liquid.</def>
<hw>Strain"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Strain</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Straining piece</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a short
piece of timber in a truss, used to maintain the ends of struts
or rafters, and keep them from slipping. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<er>Queen-post</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Straint</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estrainte</ets>, <ets>estreinte</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82trainte</ets>. See 2nd <er>Strain</er>.]</ety>
<def>Overexertion; excessive tension; strain.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Strait</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>A variant of
<er>Straight</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Strait</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Straiter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Straitest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>straight</ets>, <ets>streyt</ets>, <ets>streit</ets>, OF.
<ets>estreit</ets>, <ets>estroit</ets>, F. <ets>\'82troit</ets>,
from L. <ets>strictus</ets> drawn together, close, tight, p.p. of
<ets>stringere</ets> to draw tight. See 2nd <er>Strait</er>, and
cf. <er>Strict</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Narrow; not
broad.</def>
<q><qex>Strait</qex> is the gate, and narrow is the way, which
leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it.</q>
<qau>Matt. vii. 14.</qau>
<q>Too <qex>strait</qex> and low our cottage doors.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tight; close; closely fitting.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Close; intimate; near; familiar.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>strait</xex> degree of favor.\'b8
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Strict; scrupulous; rigorous.</def>
<q>Some certain edicts and some <qex>strait</qex> decrees.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The <qex>straitest</qex> sect of our religion.</q>
<qau>Acts xxvi. 5 (Rev. Ver.).</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Difficult; distressful; straited.</def>
<q>To make your <qex>strait</qex> circumstances yet
<qex>straiter</qex>.</q>
<qau>Secker.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Parsimonious; niggargly; mean.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>I beg cold comfort, and you are so <qex>strait</qex>,
And so ingrateful, you deny me that.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Strait</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Strictly;
rigorously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Strait</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Straits</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>straight</ets>,
<ets>streit</ets>, OF. <ets>estreit</ets>, <ets>estroit</ets>.
See <er>Strait</er>, <ets>a</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
narrow pass or passage.</def>
<q>He brought him through a darksome narrow <qex>strait</qex>
To a broad gate all built of beaten gold.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Honor travels in a <qex>strait</qex> so narrow
Where one but goes abreast.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> Specifically: <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A
(comparatively) narrow passageway connecting two large bodies of
water; -- often in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>strait</ex>, or
<ex>straits</ex>, of Gibraltar; the <ex>straits</ex> of Magellan;
the <ex>strait</ex>, or <ex>straits</ex>, of Mackinaw.</as></def>
<q>We steered directly through a large outlet which they call a
<qex>strait</qex>, though it be fifteen miles broad.</q>
<qau>De Foe.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A neck of land; an isthmus.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>A dark <qex>strait</qex> of barren land.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: A condition of narrowness or restriction;
doubt; distress; difficulty; poverty; perplexity; -- sometimes in
the plural; <as>as, reduced to great <ex>straits</ex></as>.</def>
<q>For I am in a <qex>strait</qex> betwixt two.</q>
<qau>Phil. i. 23.</qau>
<q>Let no man, who owns a Providence, grow desperate under any
calamity or <qex>strait</qex> whatsoever.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<q>Ulysses made use of the pretense of natural infirmity to
conceal the <qex>straits</qex> he was in at that time in his
thoughts.</q>
<qau>Broome.</qau>
<hw>Strait</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put to
difficulties.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Strait"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Straitened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Straitening</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make
strait; to make narrow; hence, to contract; to confine.</def>
<q>Waters, when <qex>straitened</qex>, as at the falls of
bridges, give a roaring noise.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>In narrow circuit, <qex>straitened</qex> by a foe.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make tense, or tight; to tighten.</def>
<q>They <qex>straiten</qex> at each end the cord.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To restrict; to distress or embarrass in respect
of means or conditions of life; -- used chiefly in the past
participle; -- as, a man <xex>straitened</xex> in his
circumstances.</def>
<hw>Strait"-hand`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Parsimonious; sparing; niggardly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> --
<wordforms><wf>Strait"-hand`ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>
<hw>Strait"-jack`et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dress
of strong materials for restraining maniacs or those who are
violently delirious. It has long sleeves, which are closed at the
ends, confining the hands, and may be tied behind the back.</def>
<hw>Strait"-laced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Bound with stays.</def>
<q>Let nature have scope to fashion the body as she thinks best;
we have few well-shaped that are <qex>strait-laced</qex>.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Restricted; stiff; constrained.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rigid in opinion; strict in manners or
morals.</def>
<hw>Strait"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a strait
manner; narrowly; strictly; rigorously.</def>
<au>Mark i. 43.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Closely; intimately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Strait"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or condition
of being strait; especially, a pinched condition or situation
caused by poverty; <as>as, the <ex>straitness</ex>of their
circumstances</as>.</def>
<hw>Strait"-waist`coat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same
as <er>Strait-jacket</er>.</def>
<hw>Strake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Strike</er>.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Strake</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Streak</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A streak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser</au>.\'bdWhite <xex>strake</xex>.\'b8 <au>Gen. xxx.
37</au>.
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An iron band by which the fellies of a wheel are
secured to each other, being not continuous, as the tire is, but
made up of separate pieces.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>One breadth of planks
or plates forming a continuous range on the bottom or sides of a
vessel, reaching from the stem to the stern; a streak.</def>
<note><hand/ The planks or plates next the keel are called the
<xex>garboard strakes</xex>; the next, or the heavy strakes at
the bilge, are the <xex>bilge strakes</xex>; the next, from the
water line to the lower port sill, the <xex>wales</xex>; and the
upper parts of the sides, the <xex>sheer strakes</xex>.</note>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A trough for washing broken
ore, gravel, or sand; a launder.</def>
<hw>Strale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Pupil of the
eye.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LG.
<ets>strammen</ets> to strain, straiten, stretch, D.
<ets>stram</ets> strained, tight, G. <ets>stramm</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To spring or recoil with violence.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stram</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dash down; to
beat.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stram"ash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Stramazoun</er>.]</ety> <def>To strike, beat, or bang; to
break; to destroy.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stram"ash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A turmoil; a broil; a
fray; a fight.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Barham.</au>
<hw>Stram"a*zoun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>estrama\'87on</ets>, It. <ets>stramazzone</ets>.]</ety>
<def>A direct descending blow with the edge of a sword.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Stra*min"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stramineus</ets>, fr. <ets>stramen</ets> straw, fr.
<ets>sternere</ets>, <ets>stratum</ets>, to spread out, to
strew.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Strawy; consisting of straw.</def>
<au>Robinson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Chaffy; like straw; straw-colored.</def>
<au>Burton.</au>
<hw>Stra*mo"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.; Cf.
F. <ets>stramoine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
poisonous plant (<spn>Datura Stramonium</spn>); stinkweed. See
<er>Datura</er>, and <er>Jamestown weed</er>.</def>
<hw>Stram"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Stramonium.</def>
<hw>Strand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably fr. D.
<ets>streen</ets> a skein; akin to G. <ets>str\'84hne</ets> a
skein, lock of hair, strand of a rope.]</ety> <def>One of the
twists, or strings, as of fibers, wires, etc., of which a rope is
composed.</def>
<hw>Strand</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To break a strand of (a
rope).</def>
<hw>Strand</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>strand</ets>; akin
to D., G., Sw., & Dan. <ets>strand</ets>, Icel.
<ets>str\'94nd</ets>.]</ety> <def>The shore, especially the beach
of a sea, ocean, or large lake; rarely, the margin of a navigable
river.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<cs><col>Strand birds</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Shore birds</cref>, under <er>Shore</er>.</cd> --
<col>Strand plover</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
black-bellied plover. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<er>Plover</er>.</cd> -- <col>Strand wolf</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the brown hyena.</cd></cs>
<hw>Strand</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stranded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stranding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To drive on a strand;
hence, to run aground; <as>as, to <ex>strand</ex> a
ship</as>.</def>
<hw>Strand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To drift, or
be driven, on shore to run aground; <as>as, the ship
<ex>stranded</ex> at high water</as>.</def>
<hw>Strang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Strong</er>.]</ety> <def>Strong.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Strange</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Stranger</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Strangest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>estrange</ets>, F. <ets>\'82trange</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>extraneus</ets> that is without, external, foreign, fr.
<ets>extra</ets> on the outside. See <er>Extra</er>, and cf.
<er>Estrange</er>, <er>Extraneous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Belonging to another country; foreign.</def> \'bdTo seek
<xex>strange</xex> strands.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>One of the <qex>strange</qex> queen's lords.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>I do not contemn the knowledge of <qex>strange</qex> and
divers tongues.</q>
<qau>Ascham.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to others; not one's own; not
pertaining to one's self; not domestic.</def>
<q>So she, impatient her own faults to see,
Turns from herself, and in <qex>strange</qex> things
delights.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not before known, heard, or seen; new.</def>
<q>Here is the hand and seal of the duke; you know the character,
I doubt not; and the signet is not <qex>strange</qex> to you.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Not according to the common way; novel; odd;
unusual; irregular; extraordinary; unnatural; queer.</def> \'bdHe
is sick of a <xex>strange</xex> fever.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Sated at length, erelong I might perceive
<qex>Strange</qex> alteration in me.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Reserved; distant in deportment.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>She may be <qex>strange</qex> and shy at first, but will soon
learn to love thee.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Backward; slow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Who, loving the effect, would not be <qex>strange</qex>
In favoring the cause.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Not familiar; unaccustomed; inexperienced.</def>
<q>In thy fortunes am unlearned and <qex>strange</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Strange</xex> is often used as an
exclamation.</note>
<q><qex>Strange</qex>! what extremes should thus preserve the
snow
High on the Alps, or in deep caves below.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<cs><col>Strange sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an unknown
vessel.</cd> -- <col>Strange woman</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>,
<cd>a harlot.<cd> <au>Prov. v. 3.</au> -- <col>To make it
strange</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To assume ignorance, suspicion,
or alarm, concerning it</cd>. <au>Shak</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To
make it a matter of difficulty.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer</au>. -- <mcol><col>To make strange</col>, <col>To
make one's self strange</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To profess
ignorance or astonishment</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To assume the
character of a stranger</cd>. <au>Gen. xlii. 7.</au></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Foreign; new; outlandish; wonderful; astonishing;
marvelous; unusual; odd; uncommon; irregular; queer;
eccentric.</syn>
<hw>Strange</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Strangely.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Most <qex>strange</qex>, but yet most truly, will I speak.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Strange</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To alienate; to
estrange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Strange</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be
estranged or alienated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wonder; to be astonished.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Glanvill.</au>
<hw>Strange"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>As
something foreign, or not one's own; in a manner adapted to
something foreign and strange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the manner of one who does not know another;
distantly; reservedly; coldly.</def>
<q>You all look <qex>strangely</qex> on me.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>I do in justice charge thee . . .
That thou commend it <qex>strangely</qex> to some place
Where chance may nurse or end it.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>In a strange manner; in a manner or degree to
excite surprise or wonder; wonderfully.</def>
<q>How <qex>strangely</qex> active are the arts of peace!</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>It would <qex>strangely</qex> delight you to see with what
spirit he converses.</q>
<qau>Law.</qau>
<hw>Strange"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of
being strange (in any sense of the adjective).</def>
<hw>Stran"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estrangier</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tranger</ets>. See
<er>Strange</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is strange,
foreign, or unknown.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who comes from a foreign land; a
foreigner.</def>
<q>I am a most poor woman and a <qex>stranger</qex>,
Born out of your dominions.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One whose home is at a distance from the place
where he is, but in the same country.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>One who is unknown or unacquainted; <as>as, the
gentleman is a <ex>stranger</ex> to me</as>; hence, one not
admitted to communication, fellowship, or acquaintance.</def>
<q>Melons on beds of ice are taught to bear,
And <qex>strangers</qex> to the sun yet ripen here.</q>
<qau>Granville.</qau>
<q>My child is yet a <qex>stranger</qex> in the world.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>I was no <qex>stranger</qex> to the original.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One not belonging to the family or household; a
guest; a visitor.</def>
<q>To honor and receive
Our heavenly <qex>stranger</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One not privy or party an act,
contract, or title; a mere intruder or intermeddler; one who
interferes without right; <as>as, actual possession of land gives
a good title against a <ex>stranger</ex> having no title; as to
<ex>strangers</ex>, a mortgage is considered merely as a pledge;
a mere <ex>stranger</ex> to the levy</as>.</def>
<hw>Stran"ger</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To estrange; to
alienate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stran"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Strangled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Strangling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>estrangler</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82trangler</ets>, L. <ets>strangulare</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/,
fr. <?/ a halter; and perhaps akin to E. <ets>string</ets>, n.
Cf. <er>Strain</er>, <er>String</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
compress the windpipe of (a person or animal) until death results
from stoppage of respiration; to choke to death by compressing
the throat, as with the hand or a rope.</def>
<q>Our Saxon ancestors compelled the adulteress to
<qex>strangle</qex> herself.</q>
<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stifle, choke, or suffocate in any
manner.</def>
<q>Shall I not then be stifled in the vault, . . .
And there die <qex>strangled</qex> ere my Romeo comes?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hinder from appearance; to stifle; to
suppress.</def> \'bd<xex>Strangle</xex> such thoughts.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stran"gle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be strangled, or
suffocated.</def>
<hw>Stran"gle*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being strangled.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Chesterfield.</au>
<hw>Stran"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, strangles.</def> \'bdThe very <xex>strangler</xex> of
their amity.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<-- p. 1423 -->
<hw>Stran"gles</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A disease in
horses and swine, in which the upper part of the throat, or
groups of lymphatic glands elsewhere, swells.</def>
<hw>Stran"gu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Strangulated.</def>
<hw>Stran"gu*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having the circulation stopped by
compression; attended with arrest or obstruction of circulation,
caused by constriction or compression; <as>as, a
<ex>strangulated</ex> hernia</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Contracted at irregular
intervals, if tied with a ligature; constricted.</def>
<cs><col>Strangulated hernia</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See
under <er>Hernia</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stran"gu*la`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strangulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>strangulation</ets>. See
<er>Strangle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of strangling,
or the state of being strangled.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inordinate compression or
constriction of a tube or part, as of the throat; especially,
such as causes a suspension of breathing, of the passage of
contents, or of the circulation, as in cases of hernia.</def>
<hw>Stran*gu"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stranguriosus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to strangury.</def>
<au>Cheyne.</au>
<hw>Stran"gu*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stranguria</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, a drop + <?/ to make
water, <?/ urine: cf. F. <ets>strangurie</ets>. See
<er>Strangle</er>, and <er>Urine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A painful discharge of urine, drop by
drop, produced by spasmodic muscular contraction.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A swelling or other disease in
a plant, occasioned by a ligature fastened tightly about
it.</def>
<hw>Stra"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The guillemot.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Strap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>strope</ets>, AS. <ets>stropp</ets>, L. <ets>stroppus</ets>,
<ets>struppus</ets>, perhaps fr. Gr. <?/ a band or cord, fr. <?/
to twist, to turn (cf. <er>Strophe</er>). Cf. <er>Strop</er> a
strap, a piece of rope.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long, narrow,
pliable strip of leather, cloth, or the like; specifically, a
strip of thick leather used in flogging.</def>
<q>A lively cobbler that . . . had scarce passed a day without
giving her [his wife] the discipline of the <qex>strap</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something made of such a strip, or of a part of
one, or a combination of two or more for a particular use;
<as>as, a boot <ex>strap</ex>, shawl <ex>strap</ex>, stirrup
<ex>strap</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A piece of leather, or strip of wood covered
with a suitable material, for sharpening a razor; a strop.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A narrow strip of anything, as of iron or
brass.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Carp. & Mach.)</fld> <def>A band, plate, or
loop of metal for clasping and holding timbers or parts of a
machine.
<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of rope or metal
passing around a block and used for fastening it to
anything.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The flat part of
the corolla in ligulate florets, as those of the white circle in
the daisy.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The leaf, exclusive of its
sheath, in some grasses.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A shoulder strap. See under
<er>Shoulder</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Strap bolt</col>, <cd>a bolt of which one end is a flat
bar of considerable length.</cd> -- <col>Strap head</col>
<fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a journal box, or pair of brasses,
secured to the end of a connecting rod by a strap. See
<xex>Illust<xex>. of <cref>Gib and key</cref>, under
<er>Gib</er>.</cd> -- <col>Strap hinge</col>, <cd>a hinge with
long flaps by which it is fastened, as to a door or wall.</cd> --
<col>Strap rail</col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a flat rail
formerly used.</cd></cs>
<hw>Strap</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Strapped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Strapping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
beat or chastise with a strap.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fasten or bind with a strap.</def>
<au>Cowper.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To sharpen by rubbing on a strap, or strop;
<as>as, to <ex>strap</ex> a razor</as>.</def>
<hw>Strap*pa"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Strappadoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It.
<ets>strappata</ets> a pull, the strappado, from
<ets>strappare</ets> to pull, from Prov. G. <ets>strapfen</ets>:
cf. G. <ets>straff</ets> tense, stretched.]</ety> <def>A military
punishment formerly practiced, which consisted in drawing an
offender to the top of a beam and letting him fall to the length
of the rope, by which means a limb was often dislocated.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Strap*pa"do</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To punish or torture
by the strappado.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Strap"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who uses strap.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person or thing of uncommon size.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Strap"ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tall;
strong; lusty; large; <as>as, a <ex>strapping</ex>
fellow</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>There are five and thirty <qex>strapping</qex> officers
gone.</q>
<qau>Farquhar.</qau>
<hw>Strap"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To hold or
bind with, or as with, a strap; to entangle.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Strap"-shaped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped
like a strap; ligulate; <as>as, a <ex>strap-shaped</ex>
corolla</as>.</def>
<hw>Strap"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A kind of ornament consisting of a narrow
fillet or band folded, crossed, and interlaced.</def>
<hw>Strass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from
its inventor, a German jeweler: cf. F. <ets>stras</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A brilliant glass, used in the
manufacture of artificial paste gems, which consists essentially
of a complex borosilicate of lead and potassium. Cf.
<er>Glass</er>.</def>
<hw>Stra"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <def><pos>pl.</pos>
of <er>Stratum</er>.</def>
<hw>Strat"a*gem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>stratag\'8ame</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>estratagema</ets>, It.
<ets>stratagemma</ets>), L. <ets>strategema</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr.
<?/ to be leader of an army, fr. <?/ a general; <?/ an army
(probably as being spread out; cf. <er>Stratum</er>) + <?/ to
lead. See <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <def>An artifice or trick in war
for deceiving the enemy; hence, in general, artifice; deceptive
device; secret plot; evil machination.</def>
<q>Fit for treasons, <qex>stratagems</qex>, and spoils.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Those oft are <qex>stratagems</qex> which error seem,
Nor is it Homer nods, but we that dream.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Strat`a*gem"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Containing stratagem; <as>as, a <ex>stratagemical</ex>
epistle</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Strat`a*rith"me*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Gr. <?/ army + <?/ number + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The art of drawing up an army, or any
given number of men, in any geometrical figure, or of estimating
or expressing the number of men in such a figure.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Strat`e*get"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Strat`e*get"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Strategic.</def>
<hw>Strat`e*get"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Strategy.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stra*te"gic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Stra*te"gic*al</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of
or for a general: cf. F. <ets>strat\'82gique</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Of or pertaining to strategy; effected by artifice.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Stra*te"gic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<cs><col>Strategic line</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a line
joining strategic points.</cd> -- <col>Strategic point</col>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>any point or region in the theater or
warlike operations which affords to its possessor an advantage
over his opponent, as a mountain pass, a junction of rivers or
roads, a fortress, etc.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stra*te"gics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Strategy.</def>
<hw>Strat"e*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>strat\'82giste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in strategy,
or the science of directing great military movements.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stra*te"gus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Strategi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.
See <er>Stratagem</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The
leader or commander of an army; a general.</def>
<hw>Strat"e*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/:
cf. F. <ets>strat\'82gie</ets>. See <er>Stratagem</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The science of military command, or the science
of projecting campaigns and directing great military movements;
generalship.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The use of stratagem or artifice.</def>
<-- 3. a plan of action encompassing the methods to be adopted
from beginning to end of a task or endeavor, focussing on the
general methods; -- contrasted with tactics, which is a plan for
accomplishing subgoals of lesser extent than the primary goal.
Thus, a strategy is a plan for winning a war, and a tactic is a
plan for winning a battle.
4. Biol. A behavior evolved and exhibited by a living
organism to accomplish some important goal, as a foraging
strategy. -->
<hw>Strath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.
<ets>srath</ets>.]</ety> <def>A valley of considerable size,
through which a river runs; a valley bottom; -- often used in
composition with the name of the river; <as>as, <ex>Strath</ex>
Spey, <ex>Strath</ex>don, <ex>Strath</ex>more</as>.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<q>The long green <qex>strath</qex> of Napa valley.</q>
<qau>R. L. Stevenson.</qau>
<hw>Strath"spey`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called
from the district of <ets>Strath Spey</ets> in Scotland.]</ety>
<def>A lively Scottish dance, resembling the reel, but slower;
also, the tune.</def>
<hw>Stra*tic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Dim.
Fr. <ets>stratum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>Characterized by the presence of thin parallel strata, or
layers, as in an agate.</def>
<hw>Strat`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>stratification</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
process of laying in strata, or the state of being laid in the
form of strata, or layers.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The deposition of material
in successive layers in the growth of a cell wall, thus giving
rise to a stratified appearance.</def>
<hw>Strat"i*fied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having its
substance arranged in strata, or layers; <as>as,
<ex>stratified</ex> rock</as>.</def>
<hw>Strat"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the
form of strata.</def>
<hw>Strat"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stratified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Stratifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Stratum</ets> +
<ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>stratifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To form
or deposit in strata, or layers, as substances in the earth; to
arrange in strata.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Strat`i*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Strat`i*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or depended upon, the
order or arrangement of strata; <as>as, <ex>stratigraphical</ex>
evidence</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Strat`i*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<mhw>{ <hw>Strat`i*graph"ic</hw>, <hw>-ic*al</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Stratographic</er>.</def>
<hw>Stra*tig"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stratum</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That
branch of geology which treats of the arrangement and succession
of strata.</def>
<hw>Stra*toc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
an army + <ets>-cracy</ets>, as in demo<ets>cracy</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>stratocratie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A military government;
government by military chiefs and an army.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Strat`o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Strat`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to stratography.</def>
<hw>Stra*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ an army + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of an
army, or of what belongs to an army.</def>
<hw>Stra*ton"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an
army.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an army.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Stra*tot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Warlike;
military.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Stra"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Stratums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Strata</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr>. The latter is more common</plu>. <ety>[L., from
<ets>sternere</ets>, <ets>stratum</ets>, to spread; akin to Gr.
<?/ to spread, strew. See <er>Strew</er>, and cf.
<er>Consternation</er>, <er>Estrade</er>, <er>Prostrate</er>,
<er>Stratus</er>, <er>Street</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A bed of earth or rock of one kind,
formed by natural causes, and consisting usually of a series of
layers, which form a rock as it lies between beds of other kinds.
Also used figuratively.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bed or layer artificially made; a
course.</def>
<hw>Stra"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stratus</ets> a spreading out, scattering, from
<ets>sternere</ets>, <ets>stratum</ets>, to spread.]</ety>
<fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A form of clouds in which they are
arranged in a horizontal band or layer. See <er>Cloud</er>.</def>
<hw>Straught</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>imp.
& p. p.</pos> of <er>Stretch</er>.</def>
<hw>Straught</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To stretch; to make
straight.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>straucht</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Straw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To spread or
scatter. See <er>Strew</er>, and <er>Strow</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Straw</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>straw</ets>,
<ets>stre</ets>, <ets>stree</ets>, AS. <ets>stre\'a0w</ets>, from
the root of E. <ets>strew</ets>; akin to OFries.
<ets>str\'c7</ets>, D. <ets>stroo</ets>, G. <ets>stroh</ets>,
OHG. <ets>str\'d3</ets>, Icel. <ets>str\'be</ets>, Dan.
<ets>straa</ets>, Sw. <ets>str\'86</ets>. \'fb166. See
<er>Strew</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stalk or stem of
certain species of grain, pulse, etc., especially of wheat, rye,
oats, barley, more rarely of buckwheat, beans, and pease.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The gathered and thrashed stalks of certain
species of grain, etc.; <as>as, a bundle, or a load, of rye
<ex>straw</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything proverbially worthless; the least
possible thing; a mere trifle.</def>
<q>I set not a <qex>straw</qex> by thy dreamings.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Straw</xex> is often used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>straw</xex>-built,
<xex>straw</xex>-crowned, <xex>straw</xex>-roofed,
<xex>straw</xex>-stuffed, and the like.</note>
<cs><col>Man of straw</col>, <cd>an effigy formed by stuffing the
garments of a man with straw; hence, a fictitious person; an
irresponsible person; a puppet.</cd><-- now usu. straw man, as in
<it>set up a straw man</it>; -- used in disputation. Typically,
one party accuses an opponent of <it>setting up a straw man</it>,
meaning that the opponent is distorting his true opinion in order
to make it look absurd. --> -- <col>Straw bail</col>,
<cd>worthless bail, as being given by irresponsible persons.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Straw bid</col>, <cd>a
worthless bid; a bid for a contract which the bidder is unable or
unwilling to fulfill.</cd> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> --
<col>Straw cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pampas
cat.</cd> -- <col>Straw color</col>, <cd>the color of dry straw,
being a delicate yellow.</cd> -- <col>Straw drain</col>, <cd>a
drain filled with straw.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Straw plait</col>,
<or/ <col>Straw plat</col></mcol>, <cd>a strip formed by plaiting
straws, used for making hats, bonnets, etc.</cd> -- <col>To be in
the straw</col>, <cd>to be brought to bed, as a pregnant
woman.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark><-- archaic? Similar is "a roll
in the hay" --></cs>
<hw>Straw"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>stre\'a0wberige</ets>; <ets>stre\'a0w</ets> straw +
<ets>berie</ets> berry; perhaps from the resemblance of the
runners of the plant to straws.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
fragrant edible berry, of a delicious taste and commonly of a red
color, the fruit of a plant of the genus <spn>Fragaria</spn>, of
which there are many varieties. Also, the plant bearing the
fruit. The common American strawberry is <spn>Fragaria
virginiana</spn>; the European, <spn>F. vesca</spn>. There are
also other less common species.</def>
<cs><col>Strawberry bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Calico bass</cref>, under <er>Calico</er>.</cd> --
<col>Strawberry blite</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Blite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Strawberry borer</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of insects
whose larv\'91 burrow in the crown or roots of the strawberry
vine.</cd> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The root borer
(<spn>Anarsia lineatella</spn>), a very small dark gray moth
whose larv\'91 burrow both in the larger roots and crown, often
doing great damage.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The crown borer
(<spn>Tyloderma fragari\'91</spn>), a small brown weevil whose
larva burrows in the crown and kills the plant.</cd> --
<col>Strawberry bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American
shrub (<spn>Euonymus Americanus</spn>), a kind of spindle tree
having crimson pods and the seeds covered with a scarlet
aril.</cd> -- <col>Strawberry crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>a small European spider crab (<spn>Eurynome aspera</spn>); --
so called because the back is covered with pink tubercles.</cd>
-- <col>Strawberry fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
amadavat.</cd> -- <col>Strawberry geranium</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of saxifrage (<spn>Saxifraga
sarmentosa</spn>) having reniform leaves, and producing long
runners like those of the strawberry.</cd> -- <col>Strawberry
leaf</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The leaf of the strawberry</cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The symbol of the rank or estate of a duke,
because the ducal coronet is twined with strawberry leaves</cd>.
\'bdThe <xex>strawberry leaves<xex> on her chariot panels are
engraved on her ladyship's heart.\'b8 <au>Thackeray</au>. --
<col>Strawberry-leaf roller</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any
one of several species of moths whose larv\'91 roll up, and feed
upon, the leaves of the strawberry vine; especially,
<spn>Phoxopteris fragari\'91</spn>, and <spn>Eccopsis
permundana</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Strawberry moth</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of moth
whose larv\'91 feed on the strawberry vines</cd>; as:
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The smeared dagger (<spn>Apatela
oblinita</spn>), whose large hairy larva is velvety black with
two rows of bright yellow spots on each side.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>A geometrid (<spn>Angerona crocataria</spn>) which is yellow
with dusky spots on the wings. Called also <altname>currant
moth</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Strawberry pear</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the red ovoid fruit of a West Indian plant
of the genus Cereus (<spn>C. triangularia</spn>). It has a
sweetish flavor, and is slightly acid, pleasant, and cooling.
Also, the plant bearing the fruit.</cd> -- <col>Strawberry
sawfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small black sawfly
(<spn>Emphytus maculatus</spn>) whose larva eats the leaves of
the strawberry vine.</cd> -- <col>Strawberry tomato</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Alkekengi</er>.</cd> --
<col>Strawberry tree</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Arbutus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Strawberry vine</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the plant which yields the
strawberry.</cd> -- <col>Strawberry worm</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of any moth which feeds on
the strawberry vine.</cd></cs>
<hw>Straw"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Pasteboard
made of pulp of straw.</def>
<hw>Straw"-col`ored</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being
of a straw color. See <cref>Straw color</cref>, under
<er>Straw</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>
<hw>Straw"-cut`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
instrument to cut straw for fodder.</def>
<hw>Strawed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Straw</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Straw"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A caddice
worm.</def>
<hw>Straw"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to straw; made of, or resembling, straw.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stray</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Strayed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Straying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>estraier</ets>,
<ets>estraer</ets>, to stray, or as adj., stray, fr. (assumed) L.
<ets>stratarius</ets> roving the streets, fr. L.
<ets>strata</ets> (sc. <ets>via</ets>) a paved road. See
<er>Street</er>, and <er>Stray</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To wander, as from a direct course; to deviate,
or go out of the way.</def>
<q>Thames among the wanton valleys <qex>strays</qex>.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wander from company, or from the proper
limits; to rove at large; to roam; to go astray.</def>
<q>Now, until the break of day,
Through this house each fairy <qex>stray</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>A sheep doth very often <qex>stray</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Figuratively, to wander from the path of duty or
rectitude; to err.</def>
<q>We have erred and <qex>strayed</qex> from thy ways.</q>
<qau><?/<?/<?/ of Com. Prayer.</qau>
<q>While meaner things, whom instinct leads,
Are rarely known to <qex>stray</qex>.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To deviate; err; swerve; rove; roam; wander.</syn>
<hw>Stray</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to stray.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stray</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>estrai\'82</ets>, p.p. of <ets>estraier</ets>. See
<er>Stray</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf. <er>Astray</er>,
<er>Estray</er>.]</ety> <def>Having gone astray; strayed;
wandering; <as>as, a <ex>stray</ex>horse or sheep</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Stray line</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>that portion of
the log line which is veered from the reel to allow the chip to
get clear of the stern eddies before the glass is turned.</cd> --
<col>Stray mark</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the mark indicating
the end of the stray line.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any domestic
animal that has an inclosure, or its proper place and company,
and wanders at large, or is lost; an estray. Used also
figuratively.</def>
<q>Seeing him wander about, I took him up for a
<qex>stray</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of wandering or going astray.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<-- p. 1424 -->
<hw>Stray"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
strays; a wanderer.</def>
<hw>Stre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Straw.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Streak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Stretch</er>, <er>Streek</er>.]</ety> <def>To stretch; to
extend; hence, to lay out, as a dead body.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Streak</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>streke</ets>; akin
to D. <ets>streek</ets> a line, stroke, G. <ets>strich</ets>, AS.
<ets>strica</ets>, Sw. <ets>strek</ets>, Dan. <ets>streg</ets>,
Goth. <ets>stricks</ets>, and E. <ets>strike</ets>,
<ets>stroke</ets>. See <er>Strike</er>, <er>Stroke</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Strake</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
line or long mark of a different color from the ground; a stripe;
a vein.</def>
<q>What mean those colored <qex>streaks</qex> in heaven?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A strake.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The fine powder or mark
yielded by a mineral when scratched or rubbed against a harder
surface, the color of which is sometimes a distinguishing
character.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The rung or round of a ladder.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Streak</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Streaked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Streaking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
form streaks or stripes in or on; to stripe; to variegate with
lines of a different color, or of different colors.</def>
<q>A mule . . . <qex>streaked</qex> and dappled with white and
black.</q>
<qau>Sandys.</qau>
<q>Now <qex>streaked</qex> and glowing with the morning red.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>With <xex>it</xex> as an object: To run
swiftly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Streaked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Marked or variegated with stripes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Uncomfortable; out of sorts.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Streak"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Streaked</er>, 1.</def> \'bdThe <xex>streaky</xex> west.\'b8
<au>Cowper.</au>
<hw>Stream</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>stre\'a0m</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>str\'bem</ets>, OS.
<ets>str\'d3m</ets>, D. <ets>stroom</ets>, G. <ets>strom</ets>,
OHG. <ets>stroum</ets>, <ets>str<?/m</ets>, Dan. & Sw.
<ets>str\'94m</ets>, Icel. <ets>straumr</ets>, Ir.
<ets>sroth</ets>, Lith. <ets>srove</ets>, Russ.
<ets>struia</ets>, Gr. <?/ a flowing, <?/ to flow, Skr.
<ets>sru</ets>. \'fb174. Cf. <er>Catarrh</er>, <er>Diarrhea</er>,
<er>Rheum</er>, <er>Rhythm</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
current water or other fluid; a liquid flowing continuously in a
line or course, either on the earth, as a river, brook, etc., or
from a vessel, reservoir, or fountain; specifically, any course
of running water; <as>as, many <ex>streams</ex> are blended in
the Mississippi; gas and steam came from the earth in
<ex>streams</ex>; a <ex>stream</ex> of molten lead from a
furnace; a <ex>stream</ex> of lava from a volcano.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A beam or ray of light.</def> \'bdSun
<xex>streams</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything issuing or moving with continued
succession of parts; <as>as, a <ex>stream</ex> of words; a
<ex>stream</ex> of sand</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>stream</xex> of
beneficence.\'b8 <au>Atterbury</au>. \'bdThe <xex>stream</xex> of
emigration.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>.
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A continued current or course; <as>as, a
<ex>stream</ex> of weather</as>.</def> \'bdThe very
<xex>stream</xex> of his life.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Current; drift; tendency; series of tending or
moving causes; <as>as, the <ex>stream</ex> of opinions or
manners</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Gulf stream</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gulf</er>.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Stream anchor</col>, <col>Stream cable</col></mcol>.
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Anchor</er>, and
<er>Cable</er>.</cd> -- <col>Stream ice</col>, <cd>blocks of ice
floating in a mass together in some definite direction.</cd> --
<col>Stream tin</col>, <cd>particles or masses of tin ore found
in alluvial ground; -- so called because a <xex>stream<xex> of
water is the principal agent used in separating the ore from the
sand and gravel.</cd> -- <col>Stream works</col> <fld>(Cornish
Mining)</fld>, <cd>a place where an alluvial deposit of tin ore
is worked.</cd> <au>Ure</au>. -- <col>To float with the
stream</col>, <cd>figuratively, to drift with the current of
opinion, custom, etc., so as not to oppose or check it.</cd>
<-- Colloq. = go with the flow, blow with the wind. --></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Current; flow; rush; tide; course.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Stream</er>, <er>Current</er>. These words are often properly
interchangeable; but <xex>stream</xex> is the broader word,
denoting a prevailing onward course. The <xex>stream</xex> of the
Mississippi rolls steadily on to the Gulf of Mexico, but there
are reflex <xex>currents</xex> in it which run for a while in a
contrary direction.</usage>
<hw>Stream</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Streamed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Streaming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
issue or flow in a stream; to flow freely or in a current, as a
fluid or whatever is likened to fluids; <as>as, tears
<ex>streamed</ex> from her eyes</as>.</def>
<q>Beneath those banks where rivers <qex>stream</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pour out, or emit, a stream or streams.</def>
<q>A thousand suns will <qex>stream</qex> on thee.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To issue in a stream of light; to radiate.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To extend; to stretch out with a wavy motion; to
float in the wind; <as>as, a flag <ex>streams</ex> in the
wind</as>.</def>
<hw>Stream</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To send forth in a current
or stream; to cause to flow; to pour; <as>as, his eyes
<ex>streamed</ex> tears</as>.</def>
<q>It may so please that she at length will <qex>stream</qex>
Some dew of grace into my withered heart.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark with colors or embroidery in long
tracts.</def>
<q>The herald's mantle is <qex>streamed</qex> with gold.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To unfurl.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>To stream the buoy</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See
under <er>Buoy</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stream"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An ensign, flag, or pennant, which floats in the wind;
specifically, a long, narrow, ribbonlike flag.</def>
<q>Brave Rupert from afar appears,
Whose waving <qex>streamers</qex> the glad general knows.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A stream or column of light shooting upward from
the horizon, constituting one of the forms of the aurora
borealis.</def>
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<q>While overhead the North's dumb <qex>streamers</qex>
shoot.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A searcher for stream
tin.</def>
<hw>Stream"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in
streams, or in water.</def> \'bdThe <xex>streamful</xex>
tide.\'b8
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Stream"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
of being streamy; a trailing.</def>
<au>R. A. Proctor.</au>
<hw>Stream"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sending forth
streams.</def>
<hw>Stream"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
operation of that which streams; the act of that which sends
forth, or which runs in, streams.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The reduction of stream tin;
also, the search for stream tin.</def>
<hw>Stream"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of streams, or
of a stream, as a region of country, or a dry channel.</def>
<hw>Stream"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small
stream; a rivulet; a rill.</def>
<hw>Stream"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Abounding with streams, or with running water;
streamful.</def>
<q>Arcadia
However <qex>streamy</qex> now, adust and dry,
Denied the goddess water.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling a stream; issuing in a stream.</def>
<q>His nodding helm emits a <qex>streamy</qex> ray.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Stree</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Straw.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Streek</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To stretch;
also, to lay out, as a dead body. See <er>Streak</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Streel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Stroll</er>.]</ety> <def>To trail along; to saunter or be
drawn along, carelessly, swaying in a kind of zigzag
motion.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Streen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Strene</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Street</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>strete</ets>, AS. <ets>str<?/t</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>strata</ets> (sc. <ets>via</ets>) a paved way, properly fem.
p.p. of <ets>sternere</ets>, <ets>stratum</ets>, to spread; akin
to E. <ets>strew</ets>. See <er>Strew</er>, and cf.
<er>Stratum</er>, <er>Stray</er>, <pos>v.</pos> &
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Originally, a paved way or road; a
public highway; now commonly, a thoroughfare in a city or
village, bordered by dwellings or business houses.</def>
<q>He removed [the body of] Amasa from the <qex>street</qex> unto
the field.</q>
<qau>Coverdale.</qau>
<q>At home or through the high <qex>street</qex> passing.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<note><hand/ In an extended sense, <xex>street</xex> designates
besides the roadway, the walks, houses, shops, etc., which border
the thoroughfare.</note>
<q>His deserted mansion in Duke <qex>Street</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<cs><col>The street</col> <fld>(Broker's Cant)</fld>, <cd>that
thoroughfare of a city where the leading bankers and brokers do
business; also, figuratively, those who do business there; as,
<xex>the street<xex> would not take the bonds.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Street Arab</col>, <col>Street broker</col></mcol>,
<cd>etc. See under <er>Arab</er>, <er>Broker</er>, etc.</cd> --
<col>Street door</col>, <cd>a door which opens upon a street, or
is nearest the street.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Way</er>.</syn>
<hw>Street"walk`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A common
prostitute who walks the streets to find customers.</def>
<hw>Street"ward`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
officer, or ward, having the care of the streets.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cowell.</au>
<hw>Street"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Facing
toward the street.</def>
<q>Their little <qex>streetward</qex> sitting room.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Streight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a., n., & adv.</pos>
<def>See 2nd <er>Strait</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Streight"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Straiten</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Strein</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
strain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Streit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stretch</er>.]</ety> <def>Drawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Pyrrhus with his <qex>streite</qex> sword.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Streit</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Close; narrow; strict.
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Strait</er>.</def>
<hw>Streite</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Narrowly; strictly;
straitly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Strel"itz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.sing. & pl.</pos>
<ety>[Russ. <ets>strieli\'82ts'</ets> a shooter, archer.]</ety>
<def>A soldier of the ancient Muscovite guard or Russian standing
army; also, the guard itself.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stre*litz"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
named after Charlotte, Princess of
Mecklenburg-<ets>Strelitz</ets>, and queen of George III of Great
Britain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants related
to the banana, found at the Cape of Good Hope. They have rigid
glaucous distichous leaves, and peculiar richly colored
flowers.</def>
<hw>Strene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stren</ets>, <ets>streen</ets>, <ets>streon</ets>, AS.
ge<ets>stri\'82nan</ets>, ge<ets>str<?/nan</ets>,
ge<ets>stre\'a2nan</ets>, to beget, to obtain,
ge<ets>stre\'a2n</ets> gain, wealth; akin to OHG.
<ets>striunan</ets> to gain. Cf. <er>Strian</er> race,
family.]</ety> <def>Race; offspring; stock; breed; strain.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stren"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stren"gest</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw><def>, the original <xex>compar</xex>. &
<xex>superl</xex>. of <er>Strong</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Two of us shall <qex>strenger</qex> be than one.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Strength</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>strengthe</ets>, AS. <ets>streng<?/u</ets>, fr.
<ets>strang</ets> strong. See <er>Strong</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The quality or state of being strong; ability to do or to
bear; capacity for exertion or endurance, whether physical,
intellectual, or moral; force; vigor; power; <as>as,
<ex>strength</ex> of body or of the arm; <ex>strength</ex> of
mind, of memory, or of judgment</as>.</def>
<q>All his [Samson's] <qex>strength</qex> in his hairs were.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Thou must outlive
Thy youth, thy <qex>strength</qex>, thy beauty.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Power to resist force; solidity or toughness;
the quality of bodies by which they endure the application of
force without breaking or yielding; -- in this sense opposed to
<xex>frangibility</xex>; <as>as, the <ex>strength</ex> of a bone,
of a beam, of a wall, a rope, and the like</as>.</def> \'bdThe
brittle <xex>strength</xex> of bones.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Power of resisting attacks;
impregnability.</def> \'bdOur castle's <xex>strength</xex> will
laugh a siege to scorn.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That quality which tends to secure results;
effective power in an institution or enactment; security;
validity; legal or moral force; logical conclusiveness; <as>as,
the <ex>strength</ex> of social or legal obligations; the
<ex>strength</ex> of law; the <ex>strength</ex> of public
opinion; <ex>strength</ex> of evidence; <ex>strength</ex> of
argument</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, is regarded as embodying
or affording force, strength, or firmness; that on which
confidence or reliance is based; support; security.</def>
<q>God is our refuge and <qex>strength</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ps. xlvi. 1.</qau>
<q>What they boded would be a mischief to us, you are providing
shall be one of our principal <qex>strengths</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sprat.</qau>
<q>Certainly there is not a greater <qex>strength</qex> against
temptation.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Force as measured; amount, numbers, or power of
any body, as of an army, a navy, and the like; as, what is the
<xex>strength</xex> of the enemy by land, or by sea?</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Vigor or style; force of expression; nervous
diction; -- said of literary work.</def>
<q>And praise the easy vigor of a life
Where Denham's <qex>strength</qex> and Waller's sweetness
join.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Intensity; -- said of light or color.</def>
<q>Bright Ph\'d2bus in his <qex>strength</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Intensity or degree of the distinguishing and
essential element; spirit; virtue; excellence; -- said of
liquors, solutions, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>strength</ex> of wine
or of acids</as>.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>A strong place; a stronghold.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><mcol><col>On</col>, <or/ <col>Upon</col>, <col>the strength
of</col></mcol>, <cd>in reliance upon.</cd> \'bdThe allies, after
a successful summer, are too apt, <xex>upon the strength of<xex>
it, to neglect their preparations for the ensuing campaign.\'b8
<au>Addison</au>.</cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Force; robustness; toughness; hardness; stoutness;
brawniness; lustiness; firmness; puissance; support; spirit;
validity; authority. See <er>Force</er>.</syn>
<hw>Strength</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strengthen.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Strength"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Strengthened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Strengthening</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make
strong or stronger; to add strength to; <as>as, to
<ex>strengthen</ex> a limb, a bridge, an army; to
<ex>strengthen</ex> an obligation; to <ex>strengthen</ex>
authority</as>.</def>
<q>Let noble Warwick, Cobham, and the rest, . . .
With powerful policy <qex>strengthen</qex> themselves.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To animate; to encourage; to fix in
resolution.</def>
<q>Charge Joshua, and encourage him, and <qex>strengthen</qex>
him.</q>
<qau>Deut. iii. 28.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To invigorate; confirm; establish; fortify; animate;
encourage.</syn>
<hw>Strength"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow
strong or stronger.</def>
<q>The young disease, that must subdue at length,
Grows with his growth, and <qex>strengthens</qex> with his
strength.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Strength"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, gives or adds strength.</def>
<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>
<hw>Strength"en*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That strengthens;
giving or increasing strength.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Strength"en*ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<cs><col>Strengthening plaster</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a
plaster containing iron, and supposed to have tonic
effects.</cd></cs>
<hw>Strength"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding
in strength; full of strength; strong.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Strength"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<q>Florence my friend, in court my faction
Not meanly <qex>strengthful</qex>.</q>
<qau>Marston.</qau>
<hw>Strength"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stronghold.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Strength"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of
strength.</def>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Strength"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Strengthener</er>.</def>
<hw>Strength"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
strength; strong.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stre*nu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strenuatis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strenuousness; activity.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Stren"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strenuus</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ strong, hard, rough,
harsh.]</ety> <def>Eagerly pressing or urgent; zealous; ardent;
earnest; bold; valiant; intrepid; <as>as, a <ex>strenuous</ex>
advocate for national rights; a <ex>strenuous</ex> reformer; a
<ex>strenuous</ex> defender of his country</as>.</def>
<q>And spirit-stirring wine, that <qex>strenuous</qex> makes.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<q><qex>Strenuous</qex>, continuous labor is pain.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Stren"u*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Stren"u*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Strep"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strepens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>strepere</ets> to make a
noise.]</ety> <def>Noisy; loud.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shenstone.</au>
<hw>Strep"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>streperus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>strepere</ets>. See
<er>Strepent</er>, and cf. <er>Obstreperous</er>.]</ety>
<def>Loud; boisterous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>\'d8Strep`i*to"res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>strepitus</ets> clamor.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of birds, including the
clamatorial and picarian birds, which do not have well developed
singing organs.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Strep*sip"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Strep*sip"ter*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Strepsiptera.</def>
<hw>\'d8Strep*sip"te*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a turning (fr. <?/ to twist) + <?/ a
wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of small insects
having the anterior wings rudimentary, and in the form of short
and slender twisted appendages, while the posterior ones are
large and membranous. They are parasitic in the larval state on
bees, wasps, and the like; -- called also
<altname>Rhipiptera</altname>. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Rhipipter</er>.</def>
<hw>Strep*sip"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Strepsiptera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to Strepsiptera.</def>
<hw>\'d8Strep`so*rhi"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a turning + <?/, <?/, the nose.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Lemuroidea</er>.</def>
<hw>Strep"so*rhine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having twisted nostrils; -- said of
the lemurs.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>One of the Strepsorhina; a lemur. See <xex>Illust</xex>.
under <er>Monkey</er>.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Strep`to*bac*te"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.
pl.</pos>; <sing>sing. <singw>Streptobracterium</singw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ pliant, bent + E. &
NL. <ets>bacteria</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A
so-called variety of bacterium, consisting in reality of several
bacteria linked together in the form of a chain.</def>
<hw>\'d8Strep`to*coc"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Streptococci</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/ pliant, curved + <?/ a grain, seed.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A long or short chain of micrococci, more
or less curved.</def>
<-- Streptomyces. A genus of gram-positive bacteria growing in
long filamentous, often branched chains. They are plentiful in
soil and produce the characteristic odor of soils. Some of the
species have proved to be useful as sources of important
pharmaceutical agents. Of these, the best known are
streptomycin, chloramphenicaol, and tetracycline. -->
<-- Streptomycete. Any member of the family of bacteria called
Streptomycetaceae, including the genus Streptomyces. They are
typically aerobic saprophytes producing begetative areial
mycelium. -->
<hw>\'d8Strep`to*neu"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ curved + <?/ a sinew.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division of gastropod
Mollusca in which the loop or visceral nerves is twisted, and the
sexes separate. It is nearly to equivalent to
Prosobranchiata.</def>
<hw>\'d8Strep"to*thrix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ pliant, bent + <?/ a hair.]</ety>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A genus of bacilli occurring of the form
of long, smooth and apparently branched threads, either straight
or twisted.</def>
<hw>Stress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr.
<ets>distress</ets>; or cf. OF. <ets>estrecier</ets> to press,
pinch, (assumed) LL. <ets>strictiare</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>strictus</ets>. See <er>Distress</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Distress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Sad hersal of his heavy <qex>stress</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pressure, strain; -- used chiefly of immaterial
things; except in mechanics; hence, urgency; importance; weight;
significance.</def>
<q>The faculties of the mind are improved by exercise, yet they
must not be put to a <qex>stress</qex> beyond their strength.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<q>A body may as well lay too little as too much
<qex>stress</qex> upon a dream.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech. & Physics)</fld> <def>The force, or
combination of forces, which produces a strain; force exerted in
any direction or manner between contiguous bodies, or parts of
bodies, and taking specific names according to its direction, or
mode of action, as <xex>thrust</xex> or <xex>pressure</xex>,
<xex>pull</xex> or <xex>tension</xex>, <xex>shear</xex> or
<xex>tangential stress</xex>.</def>
<au>Rankine.</au>
<q><qex>Stress</qex> is the mutual action between portions of
matter.</q>
<qau>Clerk Maxwell.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Pron.)</fld> <def>Force of utterance expended
upon words or syllables. Stress is in English the chief element
in accent and is one of the most important in emphasis. See
<cref>Guide to pronunciation</cref>, <sect/<sect/ 31-35.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Distress; the act of
distraining; also, the thing distrained.</def>
<cs><col>Stress of voice</col>, <cd>unusual exertion of the
voice.</cd> -- <col>Stress of weather</col>, <cd>constraint
imposed by continued bad weather; <as>as, to be driven back to
port by <ex>stress of weather<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To lay
stress upon</col>, <cd>to attach great importance to; to
emphasize.</cd> \'bdConsider how great a <xex>stress<xex> is
<xex>laid upon<xex> this duty.\'b8 <au>Atterbury</au>. --
<mcol><col>To put stress upon</col>, <or/ <col>To put to a
stress</col></mcol>, <cd>to strain.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1425 -->
<hw>Stress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To press; to urge; to distress; to put to
difficulties.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To subject to stress, pressure, or strain.</def>
<hw>Stress"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having much
stress.</def>
<au>Rush.</au>
<hw>Stretch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stretched</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stretching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>strecchen</ets>,
AS. <ets>streccan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>strekken</ets>, G.
<ets>strecken</ets>, OHG. <ets>strecchen</ets>, Sw.
<ets>str\'84cka</ets>, Dan. <ets>str\'91kke</ets>; cf. AS.
<ets>str\'91ck</ets>, <ets>strec</ets>, strong, violent, G.
<ets>strack</ets> straight; of uncertain origin, perhaps akin to
E. <ets>strong</ets>. Cf. <er>Straight</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To reach out; to extend; to put forth.</def>
<q>And <qex>stretch</qex> forth his neck long and small.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>I in conquest <qex>stretched</qex> mine arm.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw out to the full length; to cause to
extend in a straight line; <as>as, to <ex>stretch</ex> a cord or
rope</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to extend in breadth; to spread; to
expand; <as>as, to <ex>stretch</ex> cloth; to <ex>stretch</ex>
the wings</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make tense; to tighten; to distend
forcibly.</def>
<q>The ox hath therefore <qex>stretched</qex> his yoke in
vain.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To draw or pull out to greater length; to
strain; <as>as, to <ex>stretch</ex> a tendon or
muscle</as>.</def>
<q>Awake, my soul, <qex>stretch</qex> every nerve.</q>
<qau>Doddridge.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To exaggerate; to extend too far; <as>as, to
<ex>stretch</ex> the truth; to <ex>stretch</ex> one's
credit</as>.</def>
<q>They take up, one day, the most violent and
<qex>stretched</qex> prerogative.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<hw>Stretch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be
extended; to be drawn out in length or in breadth, or both; to
spread; to reach; <as>as, the iron road <ex>stretches</ex> across
the continent; the lake <ex>stretches</ex> over fifty square
miles</as>.</def>
<q>As far as <qex>stretcheth</qex> any ground.</q>
<qau>Gower.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To extend or spread one's self, or one's limbs;
<as>as, the lazy man yawns and <ex>stretches</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be extended, or to bear extension, without
breaking, as elastic or ductile substances.</def>
<q>The inner membrane . . . because it would <qex>stretch</qex>
and yield, remained umbroken.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To strain the truth; to exaggerate; <as>as, a
man apt to <ex>stretch</ex> in his report of facts</as>.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To sail by the wind under
press of canvas; <as>as, the ship <ex>stretched</ex> to the
eastward</as>.</def>
<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>
<cs><col>Stretch out</col>, <cd>an order to rowers to extend
themselves forward in dipping the oar.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stretch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of
stretching, or state of being stretched; reach; effort; struggle;
strain; <as>as, a <ex>stretch</ex> of the limbs; a
<ex>stretch</ex> of the imagination</as>.</def>
<q>By <qex>stretch</qex> of arms the distant shore to gain.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Those put a lawful authority upon the <qex>stretch</qex>, to
the abuse of yower, under the color of prerogative.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A continuous line or surface; a continuous space
of time; <as>as, grassy <ex>stretches</ex> of land</as>.</def>
<q>A great <qex>stretch</qex> of cultivated country.</q>
<qau>W. Black.</qau>
<q>But all of them left me a week at a <qex>stretch</qex>.</q>
<qau>E. Eggleston.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The extent to which anything may be
stretched.</def>
<q>Quotations, in their utmost <qex>stretch</qex>, can signify no
more than that Luther lay under severe agonies of mind.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<q>This is the utmost <qex>stretch</qex> that nature can.</q>
<qau>Granville.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The reach or extent of a
vessel's progress on one tack; a tack or board.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Course; direction; <as>as, the <ex>stretch</ex>
of seams of coal</as>.</def>
<cs><col>To be on the stretch</col>, <cd>to be obliged to use
one's utmost powers.</cd> -- <col>Home stretch</col>. <cd>See
under <er>Home</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>
<hw>Stretch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, stretches.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A brick or stone laid with
its longer dimension in the line of direction of the wall.</def>
<au>Gwilt.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A piece of timber used in
building.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A narrow
crosspiece of the bottom of a boat against which a rower braces
his feet.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A crosspiece placed between the
sides of a boat to keep them apart when hoisted up and
griped.</def>
<au>Dana.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A litter, or frame, for carrying disabled,
wounded, or dead persons.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>An overstretching of the truth; a lie.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>One of the rods in an umbrella, attached at one
end to one of the ribs, and at the other to the tube sliding upon
the handle.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>An instrument for stretching boots or
gloves.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>The frame upon which canvas is stretched for a
painting.</def>
<hw>Stretch"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Stretch</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Stretching course</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>a
course or series of stretchers. See <er>Stretcher</er>, 2.</cd>
<au>Britton.</au></cs>
<hw>\'d8Stret"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,
close or contacted, pressed.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The crowding of answer upon subject near the
end of a fugue.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In an opera or oratorio,
a coda, or winding up, in an accelerated time.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>stretta</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Strew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Strewed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>strewn</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Strewing</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>strewen</ets>, <ets>strawen</ets>, AS.
<ets>strewian</ets>, <ets>stre\'a2wian</ets>; akin to Ofries.
<ets>strewa</ets>, OS. <ets>strewian</ets>, D.
<ets>strooijen</ets>, G. <ets>streuen</ets>, OHG.
<ets>strewen</ets>, Icel. <ets>str\'be</ets>, Sw.
<ets>str\'94</ets>, Dan. <ets>str\'94e</ets>, Goth.
<ets>straujan</ets>, L. <ets>sternere</ets>, <ets>stratum</ets>,
Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>st<?/</ets>. \'fb166. Cf.
<er>Stratum</er>, <er>Straw</er>, <er>Street</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To scatter; to spread by scattering; to cast or
to throw loosely apart; -- used of solids, separated or separable
into parts or particles; <as>as, to <ex>strew</ex> seed in beds;
to <ex>strew</ex> sand on or over a floor; to <ex>strew</ex>
flowers over a grave.</as></def>
<q>And <qex>strewed</qex> his mangled limbs about the field.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>On a principal table a desk was open and many papers [were]
<qex>strewn</qex> about.</q>
<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover more or less thickly by scattering
something over or upon; to cover, or lie upon, by having been
scattered; <as>as, they <ex>strewed</ex> the ground with leaves;
leaves <ex>strewed</ex> the ground.</as></def>
<q>The snow which does the top of Pindus <qex>strew</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Is thine alone the seed that <qex>strews</qex> the plain?</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To spread abroad; to disseminate.</def>
<q>She may <qex>strew</qex> dangerous conjectures.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Strew"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of scattering or spreading.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything that is, or may be, strewed; -- used
chiefly in the plural.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Strew"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything
scattered, as flowers for decoration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Strewn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Strew</er>.</def>
<hw>Stri"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stri\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a furrow,
channel, hollow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A minute groove, or
channel; a threadlike line, as of color; a narrow structural band
or line; a striation; <as>as, the <ex>stri\'91</ex>, or
groovings, produced on a rock by a glacier passing over it; the
<ex>stri\'91</ex> on the surface of a shell; a <ex>stria</ex> of
nervous matter in the brain</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A fillet between the flutes
of columns, pilasters, or the like.</def>
<au>Oxf. Gloss.</au>
<hw>Stri"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Striated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Striating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Striate</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To mark with stria\'91.</def>
\'bd<xex>Striated</xex> longitudinally.\'b8
<au>Owen.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stri"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Stri"a*ted</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>striatus</ets>,
p.p. of <ets>striare</ets> to furnish with channels, from
<ets>stria</ets> a channel.]</ety> <def>Marked with stria\'91, or
fine grooves, or lines of color; showing narrow structural bands
or lines; <as>as, a <ex>striated</ex> crystal; <ex>striated</ex>
muscular fiber</as>.</def>
<hw>Stri*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The quality or condition of being striated.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stria; <as>as, the <ex>striations</ex> on a
shell</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stri*a"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The corpus
striatum.</def>
<hw>Stri"a*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>striatura</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stria.</def>
<hw>Strich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>strix</ets>, <ets>strigs</ets>, a streech owl.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An owl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Strick</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bunch of hackled flax
prepared for drawing into slivers.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Strick"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> from
<er>Strike</er>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>Struck; smitten; wounded;
<as>as, the <ex>stricken</ex> deer</as>.</def> <note>[See
<er>Strike</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Worn out; far gone; advanced. See
<er>Strike</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, 21.</def>
<q>Abraham was old and well <qex>stricken</qex> in age.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxiv. 1.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Whole; entire; -- said of the hour as marked by
the striking of a clock.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<q>He persevered for a <qex>stricken</qex> hour in such a torrent
of unnecessary tattle.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<q>Speeches are spoken by the <qex>stricken</qex> hour, day after
day, week, perhaps, after week.</q>
<qau>Bayne.</qau>
<hw>Stric"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Strike</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument to strike
grain to a level with the measure; a strike.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for whetting scythes; a
rifle.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>An instrument used for
smoothing the surface of a core.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Carp. & Mason.)</fld> <def>A templet; a
pattern.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>An instrument used in dressing flax.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stric"kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Strickle</er>.</def>
<hw>Strick"less</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Strickle</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Strict</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Stricter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Strictest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>strictus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>stringere</ets> to draw or bind
tight, to strain. See <er>Strain</er>, and cf. <er>Strait</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Strained; drawn close;
tight; <as>as, a <ex>strict</ex> embrace; a <ex>strict</ex>
ligature</as>.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tense; not relaxed; <as>as, a <ex>strict</ex>
fiber</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Exact; accurate; precise; rigorously nice;
<as>as, to keep <ex>strict</ex> watch; to pay <ex>strict</ex>
attention</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>It shall be still in <qex>strictest</qex> measure.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Governed or governing by exact rules; observing
exact rules; severe; rigorous; <as>as, very <ex>strict</ex> in
observing the Sabbath</as>.</def> \'bdThrough the
<xex>strict</xex> senteries.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Rigidly; interpreted; exactly limited; confined;
restricted; <as>as, to understand words in a <ex>strict</ex>
sense</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Upright, or straight and
narrow; -- said of the shape of the plants or their flower
clusters.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Exact; accurate; nice; close; rigorous;
severe.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Strict</er>, <er>Severe</er>.
<xex>Strict</xex>, applied to a person, denotes that he conforms
in his motives and acts to a principle or code by which he is
bound; <xex>severe</xex> is strict with an implication often, but
not always, of harshness. <xex>Strict</xex> is opposed to
<xex>lax</xex>; <xex>severe</xex> is opposed to
<xex>gentle</xex>.</usage>
<q>And rules as <qex>strict</qex> his labored work confine,
As if the Stagirite o'erlooked each line.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>Soon moved with touch of blame, thus Eve: -
\'bdWhat words have passed thy lips, Adam
<qex>severe</qex>!\'b8</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<cs><mcol><col>The Strict Observance</col>, <or/ <col>Friars of
the Strict Observance</col></mcol>. <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Observance</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stric"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strictio</ets>. See <er>Stringent</er>.]</ety> <def>The act
of constricting, or the state of being constricted.</def>
<cs><col>Line of striction</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the line
on a skew surface that cuts each generator in that point of it
that is nearest to the succeeding generator.</cd></cs>
<hw>Strict"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a strict manner;
closely; precisely.</def>
<hw>Strict"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being strict.</def>
<hw>Stric"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strictura</ets> a contraction, from <ets>stringere</ets>,
<ets>strictum</ets>, to draw tight: cf. F. <ets>stricture</ets>.
See <er>Strict</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Strictness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A man of <qex>stricture</qex> and firm abstinence.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stroke; a glance; a touch.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A touch of adverse criticism; censure.</def>
<q>[I have] given myself the liberty of these
<qex>strictures</qex> by way of reflection on all and every
passage.</q>
<qau>Hammond.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A localized morbid contraction
of any passage of the body. Cf. <cref>Organic stricture</cref>,
and <cref>Spasmodic stricture</cref>, under <er>Organic</er>, and
<er>Spasmodic</er>.</def>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Stric"tured</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Affected with a stricture; <as>as, a
<ex>strictured</ex> duct</as>.</def>
<hw>Strid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stride</er>.]</ety> <def>A narrow passage between precipitous
rocks or banks, which looks as if it might be crossed at a
stride.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Howitt.</au>
<q>This striding place is called the <qex>Strid</qex>.</q>
<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>
<hw>Stride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Strode</er> <pr>(?)</pr>
(<mark>Obs</mark>. <er>Strid</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>); <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Stridden</er> <pr>(?)</pr> (<mark>Obs.</mark>
<er>Strid</er>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Striding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>str\'c6dan</ets>
to stride, to strive; akin to LG. <ets>striden</ets>, OFries.
<ets>str\'c6da</ets> to strive, D. <ets>strijden</ets> to strive,
to contend, G. <ets>streiten</ets>, OHG. <ets>str\'c6tan</ets>;
of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Straddle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To walk with long steps, especially in a measured or pompous
manner.</def>
<q>Mars in the middle of the shining shield
Is graved, and <qex>strides</qex> along the liquid field.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stand with the legs wide apart; to
straddle.</def>
<hw>Stride</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pass over
at a step; to step over.</def> \'bdA debtor that not dares to
<xex>stride</xex> a limit.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To straddle; to bestride.</def>
<q>I mean to <qex>stride</qex> your steed.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Stride</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of stridding; a long
step; the space measured by a long step; <as>as, a masculine
<ex>stride</ex></as>.</def>
<au>Pope.</au>
<q>God never meant that man should scale the heavens
By <qex>strides</qex> of human wisdom.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<hw>Stri"dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stridens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>stridere</ets> to make a grating or creaking noise.]</ety>
<def>Characterized by harshness; grating; shrill.</def> \'bdA
<xex>strident</xex> voice.\'b8
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>\'d8Stri"dor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., from
<ets>stridere</ets> to make any harsh, grating, or creaking
sound.]</ety> <def>A harsh, shrill, or creaking noise.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Strid"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Stridulous</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a shrill, creaking
noise</def>; specifically <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <def>to make a
shrill or musical sound, such as is made by the males of many
insects.</def>
<hw>Strid`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of stridulating.</def> Specifically: <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of making shrill sounds or musical
notes by rubbing together certain hard parts, as is done by the
males of many insects, especially by Orthoptera, such as
crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
noise itself.</def>
<note><hand/ The crickets stridulate by rubbing together the
strong nervures of the fore wings. Many grasshoppers stridulate
by rubbing the hind legs across strong nervures on the fore
wings. The green grasshoppers and katydids stridulate by means of
special organs at the base of the fore wings.</note>
<hw>Strid"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>That which stridulates.</def>
<au>Darwin.</au>
<hw>Strid"u*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Stridulous; able to stridulate; used in stridulating;
adapted for stridulation.</def>
<au>Darwin.</au>
<hw>Strid"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stridulus</ets>. See <er>Strident</er>.]</ety> <def>Making a
shrill, creaking sound.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<q>The Sarmatian boor driving his <qex>stridulous</qex> cart.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<cs><col>Stridulous laryngitis</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a
form of croup, or laryngitis, in children, associated with
dyspn\'d2a, occurring usually at night, and marked by crowing or
stridulous breathing.</cd></cs>
<hw>Strife</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estrif</ets>. See <er>Strive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of striving; earnest endeavor.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exertion or contention for superiority; contest
of emulation, either by intellectual or physical efforts.</def>
<q>Doting about questions and <qex>strifes</qex> of words.</q>
<qau>1 Tim. vi. 4.</qau>
<q>Thus gods contended -- noble <qex>strife</qex> -
Who most should ease the wants of life.</q>
<qau>Congreve.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Altercation; violent contention; fight;
battle.</def>
<q>Twenty of them fought in this black <qex>strife</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>These vows, thus granted, raised a <qex>strife</qex> above
Betwixt the god of war and queen of love.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which is contended against; occasion of
contest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdLamenting her unlucky
<xex>strife</xex>.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Contest; struggle; quarrel. See
<er>Contention</er>.</syn>
<hw>Strife"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Contentious;
discordant.</def>
<q>The ape was <qex>strifeful</qex> and ambitious.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Stri"gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having transverse bands of
color.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stri"ges</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,
pl. of <ets>strix</ets> a streech owl; cf. Gr. <?/ a screaming
night bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tribe of birds
which comprises the owls.</def>
<hw>Strig"il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strigilis</ets>, from <ets>stringere</ets> to graze,
scrape.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An instrument
of metal, ivory, etc., used for scraping the skin at the
bath.</def>
<hw>Strig"il*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Dim.
fr. <ets>strigose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Set with
stiff, slender bristles.</def>
<hw>Stri"gine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to owls;
owl-like.</def>
<hw>Strig"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strigmentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Scraping; that which is
scraped off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Stri*gose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>strigueux</ets>. See <er>Strigil</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Set with stiff, straight bristles; hispid;
<as>as, a <ex>strigose</ex> leaf</as>.</def>
<hw>Stri"gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Strigose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<-- p. 1426 -->
<hw>Strike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Struck</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Struck</er>, <er>Stricken</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>
(<er>Stroock</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <er>Strucken</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>, <mark>Obs.</mark>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Striking</er>. <xex>Struck</xex> is more commonly used in the
p.p. than <xex>stricken</xex>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>striken</ets> to strike, proceed, flow, AS.
<ets>str\'c6can</ets> to go, proceed, akin to D.
<ets>strijken</ets> to rub, stroke, strike, to move, go, G.
<ets>streichen</ets>, OHG. <ets>str\'c6hhan</ets>, L.
<ets>stringere</ets> to touch lightly, to graze, to strip off
(but perhaps not to L. <ets>stringere</ets> in sense to draw
tight), <ets>striga</ets> a row, a furrow. Cf. <er>Streak</er>,
<er>Stroke</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To touch or hit with
some force, either with the hand or with an instrument; to smite;
to give a blow to, either with the hand or with any instrument or
missile.</def>
<q>He at Philippi kept
His sword e'en like a dancer; while I <qex>struck</qex>
The lean and wrinkled Cassius.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come in collision with; to strike against;
<as>as, a bullet <ex>struck</ex> him; the wave <ex>struck</ex>
the boat amidships; the ship <ex>struck</ex> a reef</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give, as a blow; to impel, as with a blow; to
give a force to; to dash; to cast.</def>
<q>They shall take of the blood, and <qex>strike</qex> it on the
two sideposts.</q>
<qau>Ex. xii. 7.</qau>
<q>Who would be free, themselves must <qex>strike</qex> the
blow.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To stamp or impress with a stroke; to coin;
<as>as, to <ex>strike</ex> coin from metal: to <ex>strike</ex>
dollars at the mint</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To thrust in; to cause to enter or penetrate; to
set in the earth; <as>as, a tree <ex>strikes</ex> its roots
deep</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To punish; to afflict; to smite.</def>
<q>To punish the just is not good, nor <qex>strike</qex> princes
for equity.</q>
<qau>Prov. xvii. 26.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To cause to sound by one or more beats; to
indicate or notify by audible strokes; <as>as, the clock
<ex>strikes</ex> twelve; the drums <ex>strike</ex> up a
march</as>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To lower; to let or take down; to remove;
<as>as, to <ex>strike</ex> sail; to <ex>strike</ex> a flag or an
ensign, as in token of surrender; to <ex>strike</ex> a yard or a
topmast in a gale; to <ex>strike</ex> a tent; to <ex>strike</ex>
the centering of an arch</as>.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To make a sudden impression upon, as by a blow;
to affect sensibly with some strong emotion; <as>as, to
<ex>strike</ex> the mind, with surprise; to <ex>strike</ex> one
with wonder, alarm, dread, or horror</as>.</def>
<q>Nice works of art <qex>strike</qex> and surprise us most on
the first view.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<q>They please as beauties, here as wonders
<qex>strike</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>To affect in some particular manner by a sudden
impression or impulse; <as>as, the plan proposed <ex>strikes</ex>
me favorably; to <ex>strike</ex> one dead or blind</as>.</def>
<q>How often has <qex>stricken</qex> you dumb with his irony!</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>To cause or produce by a stroke, or suddenly,
as by a stroke; <as>as, to <ex>strike</ex> a light</as>.</def>
<q>Waving wide her myrtle wand,
She <qex>strikes</qex> a universal peace through sea and
land.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>To cause to ignite; <as>as, to <ex>strike</ex>
a match</as>.</def>
<sn>13.</sn> <def>To make and ratify; <as>as, to <ex>strike</ex>
a bargain</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ Probably borrowed from the L. <xex>f\'d2dus
ferrire</xex>, to <xex>strike</xex> a compact, so called because
an animal was <xex>struck</xex> and killed as a sacrifice on such
occasions.</note>
<sn>14.</sn> <def>To take forcibly or fraudulently; <as>as, to
<ex>strike</ex> money</as>.</def> <mark>[Old Slang]</mark>
<sn>15.</sn> <def>To level, as a measure of grain, salt, or the
like, by scraping off with a straight instrument what is above
the level of the top.</def>
<sn>16.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To cut off, as a mortar
joint, even with the face of the wall, or inward at a slight
angle.</def>
<sn>17.</sn> <def>To hit upon, or light upon, suddenly; <as>as,
my eye <ex>struck</ex> a strange word; they soon <ex>struck</ex>
the trail</as>.</def>
<sn>18.</sn> <def>To borrow money of; to make a demand upon;
<as>as, he <ex>struck</ex> a friend for five dollars</as>.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<sn>19.</sn> <def>To lade into a cooler, as a liquor.</def>
<au>B. Edwards.</au>
<sn>20.</sn> <def>To stroke or pass lightly; to wave.</def>
<q>Behold, I thought, He will . . . <qex>strike</qex> his hand
over the place, and recover the leper.</q>
<qau>2 Kings v. 11.</qau>
<sn>21.</sn> <def>To advance; to cause to go forward; -- used
only in past participle.</def> \'bdWell <xex>struck</xex> in
years.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><mcol><col>To strike an attitude</col>, <col>To strike a
balance</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Attitude</er>, and
<er>Balance</er>.</cd> -- <col>To strike a jury</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to constitute a special jury ordered by a
court, by each party striking out a certain number of names from
a prepared list of jurors, so as to reduce it to the number of
persons required by law.</cd> <au>Burrill</au>. -- <col>To strike
a lead</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>To find a vein
of ore.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Fig.: To find a way to
fortune.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To strike a
ledger</col>, <or/ <col>an account</col></mcol>, <cd>to balance
it.</cd> -- <col>To strike hands with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To
shake hands with</cd>. <au>Halliwell</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To
make a compact or agreement with; to agree with.</cd> -- <col>To
strike off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To erase from an account; to
deduct; <as>as, <ex>to strike off<ex> the interest of a
debt</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <cd>To impress;
to print; <as>as, <ex>to strike off<ex> a thousand copies of a
book</as></cd>.<-- = to run off? [copies] --> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To
separate by a blow or any sudden action; <as>as, <ex>to strike
off<ex> what is superfluous or corrupt</as>.</cd> -- <col>To
strike oil</col>, <cd>to find petroleum when boring for it;
figuratively, to make a lucky hit financially.</cd> <mark>[Slang,
U.S.]</mark> -- <col>To strike one luck</col></mcol>, <cd>to
shake hands with one and wish good luck.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au> -- <col>To strike out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>To produce by collision; to force out, <as>as, <ex>to strike
out</ex> sparks with steel</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To blot
out; to efface; to erase</cd>. \'bdTo methodize is as necessary
as <xex>to strike out</xex>.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<cd>To form by a quick effort; to devise; to invent; to contrive,
<as>as, <ex>to strike out</ex> a new plan of finance</as>.</cd>
<sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <cd>To cause a player to
strike out; -- said of the pitcher</cd>. See <cref>To strike
out</cref>, under <er>Strike</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> -- <col>To
strike sail</col>. <cd>See under <er>Sail</er>.</cd> -- <col>To
strike up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cause to sound; to begin to
beat</cd>. \'bd<xex>Strike up<xex> the drums.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To begin to sing or play; as, <xex>to strike
up<xex> a tune.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To raise (as sheet metal),
in making diahes, pans, etc., by blows or pressure in a die.</cd>
-- <col>To strike work</col>, <cd>to quit work; to go on a
strike.</cd></cs>
<hw>Strike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To move; to
advance; to proceed; to take a course; <as>as, to <ex>strike</ex>
into the fields</as>.</def>
<q>A mouse . . . <qex>struck</qex> forth sternly [bodily].</q>
<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deliver a quick blow or thrust; to give
blows.</def>
<q>And fiercely took his trenchant blade in hand,
With which he <qex>stroke</qex> so furious and so fell.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q><qex>Strike</qex> now, or else the iron cools.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hit; to collide; to dush; to clash; <as>as, a
hammer <ex>strikes</ex> against the bell of a clock</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To sound by percussion, with blows, or as with
blows; to be struck; <as>as, the clock
<ex>strikes</ex></as>.</def>
<q>A deep sound <qex>strikes</qex> like a rising knell.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To make an attack; to aim a blow.</def>
<q>A puny subject <qex>strikes</qex>
At thy great glory.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q><qex>Struck</qex> for throne, and <qex>striking</qex> found
his doom.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To touch; to act by appulse.</def>
<q>Hinder light but from <qex>striking</qex> on it [porphyry],
and its colors vanish.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To run upon a rock or bank; to be stranded;
<as>as, the ship <ex>struck</ex> in the night</as>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To pass with a quick or strong effect; to dart;
to penetrate.</def>
<q>Till a dart <qex>strike</qex> through his liver.</q>
<qau>Prov. vii. 23.</qau>
<q>Now and then a glittering beam of wit or passion
<qex>strikes</qex> through the obscurity of the poem.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To break forth; to commence suddenly; -- with
<xex>into</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>strike</ex> into reputation; to
<ex>strike</ex> into a run</as>.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>To lower a flag, or colors, in token of
respect, or to signify a surrender of a ship to an enemy.</def>
<q>That the English ships of war should not <qex>strike</qex> in
the Danish seas.</q>
<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>To quit work in order to compel an increase, or
prevent a reduction, of wages.</def>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>To become attached to something; -- said of the
spat of oysters.</def>
<sn>13.</sn> <def>To steal money.</def> <mark>[Old Slang,
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Nares.</au>
<cs><col>To strike at</col>, <cd>to aim a blow at.</cd> --
<col>To strike for</col>, <cd>to start suddenly on a course
for.</cd> -- <col>To strike home</col>, <cd>to give a blow which
reaches its object, to strike with effect.</cd> -- <col>To strike
in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To enter suddenly</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<cd>To disappear from the surface, with internal effects, as an
eruptive disease</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To come in suddenly; to
interpose; to interrupt</cd>. \'bdI proposed the embassy of
Constantinople for Mr. Henshaw, but my Lord Winchelsea
<xex>struck in<xex>.\'b8 <au>Evelyn</au>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To
join in after another has begun,as in singing.</cd> -- <col>To
strike in with</col>, <cd>to conform to; to suit itself to; to
side with, to join with at once.</cd> \'bdTo assert this is
<xex>to strike in with</xex> the known enemies of God's
grace.\'b8 <au>South</au>. <col>To strike out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>To start; to wander; to make a sudden excursion; <as>as,
<ex>to strike out<ex> into an irregular course of life</as></cd>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To strike with full force</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd>
<fld>(Baseball)</fld> <cd>To be put out for not hitting the ball
during one's turn at the bat.</cd> -- <col>To strike up</col>,
<cd>to commence to play as a musician; to begin to sound, as an
instrument.</cd> \'bdWhilst any trump did sound, or drum
<xex>struck up<xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.</cs>
<hw>Strike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act of striking.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument with a straight edge for leveling
a measure of grain, salt, and the like, scraping off what is
above the level of the top; a strickle.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bushel; four pecks.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Tusser.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>An old measure of four bushels.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Fullness of measure; hence, excellence of
quality.</def>
<q>Three hogsheads of ale of the first <qex>strike</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>An iron pale or standard in a gate or
fence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>The act of quitting work; specifically, such an
act by a body of workmen, done as a means of enforcing compliance
with demands made on their employer.</def>
<q><qex>Strikes</qex> are the insurrections of labor.</q>
<qau>F. A. Walker.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Iron Working)</fld> <def>A puddler's
stirrer.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The horizontal direction of
the outcropping edges of tilted rocks; or, the direction of a
horizontal line supposed to be drawn on the surface of a tilted
stratum. It is at right angles to the dip.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>The extortion of money, or the attempt to
extort money, by threat of injury; blackmailing.</def>
<cs><col>Strike block</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a plane
shorter than a jointer, used for fitting a short joint.</cd>
<au>Moxon</au>. -- <col>Strike of flax</col>, <cd>a handful that
may be hackled at once.</cd> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer</au>. -- <col>Strike of sugar</col>. <fld>(Sugar
Making)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The act of emptying the teache, or
last boiler, in which the cane juice is exposed to heat, into the
coolers</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The quantity of the sirup thus
emptied at once.</cd></cs>
<hw>Strik"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, strikes; specifically, a
blacksmith's helper who wieds the sledge.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A harpoon; also, a harpooner.</def>
<q>Wherever we come to an anchor, we always send out our
<qex>strikers</qex>, and put out hooks and lines overboard, to
try fish.</q>
<qau>Dampier.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A wencher; a lewd man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Massinger.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A workman who is on a strike.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A blackmailer in politics; also, one whose
political influence can be bought.</def> <mark>[Political
Cant]</mark>
<hw>Strik"ing</hw>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from <er>Strike</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Striking distance</col>, <cd>the distance through which
an object can be reached by striking; the distance at which a
force is effective when directed to a particular object.</cd><--
the distance which can be covered in one easy leg of a journey.
--> -- <col>Striking plate</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The plate
against which the latch of a door lock strikes as the door is
closed</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A part of the centering of an arch,
which is driven back to loosen the centering in striking
it.</cd></cs>
<hw>Strik"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affecting with strong
emotions; surprising; forcible; impressive; very noticeable;
<as>as, a <ex>striking</ex> representation or image; a
<ex>striking</ex> resemblance.</as></def> \'bdA
<xex>striking</xex> fact.\'b8 <au>De Quincey</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Strik"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Strik"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Strik"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Strickle</er>.</def>
<hw>String</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>string</ets>, <ets>streng</ets>, AS. <ets>streng</ets>; akin
to D. <ets>streng</ets>, G. <ets>strang</ets>, Icel.
<ets>strengr</ets>, Sw. <ets>str\'84ng</ets>, Dan.
<ets>str\'91ng</ets>; probably from the adj., E.
<ets>strong</ets> (see <er>Strong</er>); or perhaps originally
meaning, twisted, and akin to E. <ets>strangle</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender
strip of leather, or other substance, used for binding together,
fastening, or tying things; a cord, larger than a thread and
smaller than a rope; <as>as, a shoe <ex>string</ex>; a bonnet
<ex>string</ex>; a silken <ex>string</ex>.</as></def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Round Ormond's knee thou tiest the mystic
<qex>string</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thread or cord on which a number of objects or
parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession;
hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if
so arranged; a succession; a concatenation; a chain; <as>as, a
<ex>string</ex> of shells or beads; a <ex>string</ex> of dried
apples; a <ex>string</ex> of houses; a <ex>string</ex> of
arguments.</as></def> \'bdA <xex>string</xex> of islands.\'b8
<au>Gibbon.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A strip, as of leather, by which the covers of a
book are held together.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The cord of a musical instrument, as of a piano,
harp, or violin; specifically (<pluf>pl.</pluf>), the stringed
instruments of an orchestra, in distinction from the wind
instruments; <as>as, the <ex>strings</ex> took up the
theme</as>.</def> \'bdAn instrument of ten
<xex>strings</xex>.\'b8
<au>Ps. xxx. iii. 2.</au>
<q>Me softer airs befit, and softer <qex>strings</qex>
Of lute, or viol still.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The line or cord of a bow.</def>
<au>Ps. xi. 2.</au>
<q>He twangs the grieving <qex>string</qex>.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A fiber, as of a plant; a little, fibrous
root.</def>
<q>Duckweed putteth forth a little <qex>string</qex> into the
water, from the bottom.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A nerve or tendon of an animal body.</def>
<q>The <qex>string</qex> of his tongue was loosed.</q>
<qau>Mark vii. 35.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>An inside range of
ceiling planks, corresponding to the sheer strake on the outside
and bolted to it.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The tough fibrous substance
that unites the valves of the pericap of leguminous plants, and
which is readily pulled off; <as>as, the <ex>strings</ex> of
beans</as>.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A small, filamentous
ramification of a metallic vein.</def>
<au>Ure.</au>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Stringcourse</er>.</def>
<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>The points made in a
game.</def>
<cs><col>String band</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a band of
musicians using only, or chiefly, stringed instruments.</cd> --
<col>String beans</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A dish prepared from
the unripe pods of several kinds of beans; -- so called because
the strings are stripped off</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any kind of
beans in which the pods are used for cooking before the seeds are
ripe; usually, the low bush bean.</cd> -- <col>To have two
strings to one's bow</col>, <cd>to have a means or expedient in
reserve in case the one employed fails.</cd></cs>
<-- = to have other strings in one's bow -->
<hw>String</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Strung</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Strung</er> (<mark>R.</mark> <er>Stringed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stringing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To furnish with
strings; <as>as, to <ex>string</ex> a violin</as>.</def>
<q>Has not wise nature <qex>strung</qex> the legs and feet
With firmest nerves, designed to walk the street?</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put in tune the strings of, as a stringed
instrument, in order to play upon it.</def>
<q>For here the Muse so oft her harp has <qex>strung</qex>,
That not a mountain rears its head unsung.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To put on a string; to file; <as>as, to
<ex>string</ex> beads</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make tense; to strengthen.</def>
<q>Toil <qex>strung</qex> the nerves, and purified the blood.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To deprive of strings; to strip the strings
from; <as>as, to <ex>string</ex> beans</as>. See <er>String</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 9.</def>
<hw>String"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Stringpiece</er>.</def>
<hw>String"cource`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A horizontal band in a building, forming
a part of the design, whether molded, projecting, or carved, or
in any way distinguished from the rest of the work.</def>
<hw>Stringed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having strings; <as>as, a <ex>stringed</ex>
instrument</as>.</def>
<au>Ps. cl. 4.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Produced by strings.</def> \'bdAnswering the
<xex>stringed</xex> noise.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Strin"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being stringent.</def>
<hw>\'d8Strin"gen*do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Urging or hastening the
time, as to a climax.</def>
<hw>Strin"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stringens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>stringere</ets> to draw or bind tight. See
<er>Strain</er>.]</ety> <def>Binding strongly; making strict
requirements; restrictive; rigid; severe; <as>as,
<ex>stringent</ex> rules</as>.</def>
<q>They must be subject to a sharper penal code, and to a more
<qex>stringent</qex> code of procedure.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Strin"gent*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Strin"gent*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>String"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who strings; one who makes or provides strings,
especially for bows.</def>
<q>Be content to put your trust in honest
<qex>stringers</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ascham.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A libertine; a wencher.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A longitudinal
sleeper.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A streak of planking
carried round the inside of a vessel on the under side of the
beams.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A long horizontal timber to
connect uprights in a frame, or to support a floor or the
like.</def>
<hw>String"halt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An habitual sudden twitching of the hinder
leg of a horse, or an involuntary or convulsive contraction of
the muscles that raise the hock.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>springhalt</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>String"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality
of being stringy.</def>
<hw>String"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no strings.</def>
<q>His tongue is now a <qex>stringless</qex> instrument.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>String"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A long piece of timber,
forming a margin or edge of any piece of construction;
esp.:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the longitudinal pieces,
supporting the treads and rises of a flight or run of
stairs.</def>
<hw>String"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Consisting of strings, or small threads; fibrous;
filamentous; <as>as, a <ex>stringy</ex> root</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of being drawn into a string, as a
glutinous substance; ropy; viscid; gluely.</def>
<cs><col>Stringy bark</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given
in Australia to several trees of the genus Eucalyptus (as <spn>E.
amygdalina, obliqua, capitellata, macrorhyncha, piperita,
pilularis, <and/ tetradonta</spn>), which have a fibrous bark
used by the aborigines for making cordage and cloth.</cd></cs>
<hw>Strip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stripped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stripping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stripen</ets>,
<ets>strepen</ets>, AS. <ets>str<?/pan</ets> in
be<ets>str<?/pan</ets> to plunder; akin to D.
<ets>stroopen</ets>, MHG. <ets>stroufen</ets>, G.
<ets>streifen</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To deprive; to
bereave; to make destitute; to plunder; especially, to deprive of
a covering; to skin; to peel; <as>as, to <ex>strip</ex> a man of
his possession, his rights, his privileges, his reputation; to
<ex>strip</ex> one of his clothes; to <ex>strip</ex> a beast of
his skin; to <ex>strip</ex> a tree of its bark.</as></def>
<q>And <qex>strippen</qex> her out of her rude array.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>They <qex>stripped</qex> Joseph out of his coat.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxxvii. 23.</qau>
<q>Opinions which . . . no clergyman could have avowed without
imminent risk of being <qex>stripped</qex> of his gown.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To divest of clothing; to uncover.</def>
<q>Before the folk herself <qex>strippeth</qex> she.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q><qex>Strip</qex> your sword stark naked.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To dismantle; <as>as, to
<ex>strip</ex> a ship of rigging, spars, etc.</as></def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>To pare off the surface of,
as land, in strips.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To deprive of all milk; to milk dry; to draw the
last milk from; hence, to milk with a peculiar movement of the
hand on the teats at the last of a milking; <as>as, to
<ex>strip</ex> a cow</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To pass; to get clear of; to outstrip.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>When first they <qex>stripped</qex> the Malean promontory.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<q>Before he reached it he was out of breath,
And then the other <qex>stripped</qex> him.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To pull or tear off, as a covering; to remove;
to wrest away; <as>as, to <ex>strip</ex> the skin from a beast;
to <ex>strip</ex> the bark from a tree; to <ex>strip</ex> the
clothes from a man's back; to <ex>strip</ex> away all
disguisses.</as></def>
<q>To <qex>strip</qex> bad habits from a corrupted heart, is
<qex>stripping</qex> off the skin.</q>
<qau>Gilpin.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To tear off (the
thread) from a bolt or nut; <as>as, the thread is
<ex>stripped</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To tear off the
thread from (a bolt or nut); <as>as, the bolt is
<ex>stripped</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To remove the metal coating from (a plated
article), as by acids or electrolytic action.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Carding)</fld> <def>To remove fiber, flock, or
lint from; -- said of the teeth of a card when it becomes partly
clogged.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>To pick the cured leaves from the stalks of
(tobacco) and tie them into \'bdhands\'b8; to remove the midrib
from (tobacco leaves).</def>
<-- strip mine. A mine in which the unwanted layers (called the
overburdewn) above the desirable ore is stripped, i.e. removed by
excavation, leaving a pit in which the ore is exposed; in
contrast with mines in which the ore is accessed and removed
through a shaft or tunnel, without removing the layers of earth
above it. -->
<-- striptease, an act in which a performer (usu. female) removes
her clothing piece by piece; -- often performed to musical
accompaniment. It was popular in burlesque theaters. -->
<-- p. 1427 -->
<hw>Strip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
take off, or become divested of, clothes or covering; to
undress.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To fail in the thread; to
lose the thread, as a bolt, screw, or nut. See <er>Strip</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>, 8.</def>
<hw>Strip</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A narrow piece, or
one comparatively long; <as>as, a <ex>strip</ex> of cloth; a
<ex>strip</ex> of land.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A trough for washing
ore.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld> <def>The issuing of a projectile
from a rifled gun without acquiring the spiral motion.</def>
<au>Farrow.</au>
<hw>Stripe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OD.
<ets>strijpe</ets> a stripe, streak; akin to LG.
<ets>stripe</ets>, D. <ets>streep</ets>, Dan. <ets>stribe</ets>,
G. <ets>strief</ets>, <ets>striefen</ets>, MHG.
<ets>striefen</ets> to glide, march.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
line, or long, narrow division of anything of a different color
or structure from the ground; hence, any linear variation of
color or structure; <as>as, a <ex>stripe</ex>, or streak, of red
on a green ground; a raised <ex>stripe</ex>.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A pattern produced by
arranging the warp threads in sets of alternating colors, or in
sets presenting some other contrast of appearance.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A strip, or long, narrow piece attached to
something of a different color; <as>as, a red or blue
<ex>stripe</ex> sewed upon a garment</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A stroke or blow made with a whip, rod, scourge,
or the like, such as usually leaves a mark.</def>
<q>Forty <qex>stripes</qex> he may give him, and not exceed.</q>
<qau>Deut. xxv. 3.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A long, narrow discoloration of the skin made by
the blow of a lash, rod, or the like.</def>
<q>Cruelty marked him with inglorious <qex>stripes</qex>.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Color indicating a party or faction; hence,
distinguishing characteristic; sign; likeness; sort; <as>as,
persons of the same political <ex>stripe</ex></as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<sn>7.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The chevron
on the coat of a noncommissioned officer.</def>
<cs><col>Stars and Stripes</col>. <cd>See under <er>Star</er>,
<pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>
<-- To earn one's stripes, to acquire recognized credentials by
competent performance at a germane task. -->
<hw>Stripe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Striped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Striping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make
stripes upon; to form with lines of different colors or textures;
to variegate with stripes.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike; to lash.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Striped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having stripes
of different colors; streaked.</def>
<cs><col>Striped bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Bass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Striped maple</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a slender American tree (<spn>Acer
Pennsylvanicum</spn>) with finely striped bark. Called also
<altname>striped dogwood</altname>, and
<altname>moosewood</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Striped mullet</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Mullet</er>, 2.</cd> --
<col>Striped snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the garter
snake.</cd> -- <col>Striped squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>the chipmunk.</cd></cs>
<hw>Strip"-leaf`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Tobacco
which has been stripped of its stalks before packing.</def>
<hw>Strip"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of
<ets>strip</ets>; as if a small strip from the main stock or
steam.]</ety> <def>A youth in the state of adolescence, or just
passing from boyhood to manhood; a lad.</def>
<q>Inquire thou whose son the <qex>stripling</qex> is.</q>
<qau>1 Sam. xvii. 56.</qau>
<hw>Strip"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, strips; specifically, a machine for stripping
cards.</def>
<hw>Strip"pet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of
<ets>strip</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small stream.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA little brook or
<xex>strippet</xex>.\'b8
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Strip"ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of one who strips.</def>
<q>The mutual bows and courtesies . . . are remants of the
original prostrations and <qex>strippings</qex> of the
captive.</q>
<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>
<q>Never were cows that required such <qex>stripping</qex>.</q>
<qau>Mrs. Gaskell.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The last milk drawn from a cow
at a milking.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stri*so"res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL.; cf. L. <ets>stridere</ets> to creak, whiz,
buzz.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of passerine
birds including the humming birds, swifts, and goatsuckers. It is
now generally considered an artificial group.</def>
<hw>Strive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Strove</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.
p.</pos> <er>Striven</er> <pr>(?)</pr> (<mark>Rarely</mark>,
<er>Strove</er>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Striving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>estriver</ets>; of
Teutonic origin, and akin to G. <ets>streben</ets>, D.
<ets>streven</ets>, Dan. <ets>str\'91be</ets>, Sw.
<ets>str\'84fva</ets>. Cf. <er>Strife</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To make efforts; to use exertions; to endeavor with
earnestness; to labor hard.</def>
<q>Was for this his ambition <qex>strove</qex>
To equal C\'91sar first, and after, Jove?</q>
<qau>Cowley.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To struggle in opposition; to be in contention
or dispute; to contend; to contest; -- followed by
<xex>against</xex> or <xex>with</xex> before the person or thing
opposed; <as>as, <ex>strive</ex> against temptation;
<ex>strive</ex> for the truth</as>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>My Spirit shall not always <qex>strive</qex> with man.</q>
<qau>Gen. vi. 3.</qau>
<q>Why dost thou <qex>strive</qex> against him?</q>
<qau>Job xxxiii. 13.</qau>
<q>Now private pity <qex>strove</qex> with public hate,
Reason with rage, and eloquence with fate.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To vie; to compete; to be a rival.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>[Not] that sweet grove
Of Daphne, by Orontes and the inspired
Castalian spring, might with this paradise
Of Eden <qex>strive</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To contend; vie; struggle; endeavor; aim.</syn>
<hw>Strive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An effort; a
striving.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Strife; contention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif (luke xxi. 9).</au>
<hw>Strived</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>p. p.</pos>
<mord>of <er>Strive</er></mord>. <def>Striven.</def>
<q>Yea, so have I <qex>strived</qex> to preach the gospel.</q>
<qau>Rom. xv. 20.</qau>
<hw>Striv"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Strive</er>.</def>
<hw>Striv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
strives.</def>
<hw>Striv"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Strive</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Striv"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Strix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strix</ets>, <ets>strigis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<def>One of the flutings of a column.</def>
<hw>Stroam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.
<ets>strome</ets> to walk with long strides.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To wander about idly and vacantly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take long strides in walking.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Stro*bi"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Strobil\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/
anything twisted, a pine cone.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A form of the larva of certain Discophora in a
state of development succeeding the scyphistoma. The body of the
strobila becomes elongated, and subdivides transversely into a
series of lobate segments which eventually become ephyr\'91, or
young medus\'91.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mature tapeworm.</def>
<hw>Strob`i*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Strobila</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of
or pertaining to a strobile or cone.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Producing strobiles.</def>
<hw>Strob`i*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The act or phenomenon of spontaneously
dividing transversely, as do certain species of annelids and
helminths; transverse fission. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Syllidian</er>.</def>
<hw>Strob"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strobilus</ets> a pine cone, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>strobole</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>strobil</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
scaly multiple fruit resulting from the ripening of an ament in
certain plants, as the hop or pine; a cone. See <er>Cone</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An individual asexually
producing sexual individuals differing from itself also in other
respects, as the tapeworm, -- one of the forms that occur in
metagenesis.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Strobila</er>.</def>
<hw>Stro*bil"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped
like a strobile.</def>
<hw>Strob"i*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a strobile; strobilaceous; strobiliform; <as>as,
<ex>strobiline</ex> fruits</as>.</def>
<hw>Strob"o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
a whirling + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
instrument for studying or observing the successive phases of a
periodic or varying motion by means of light which is
periodically interrupted.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An optical toy similar to the phenakistoscope.
See <er>Phenakistoscope</er>.</def>
<hw>Stroc"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Glass
Manuf.)</fld> <def>A shovel with a turned-up edge, for frit,
sand, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>strocal</asp>,
<asp>strocle</asp>, <asp>strokal</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Strode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Strude</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Strode</hw>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Stride</er>.</def>
<hw>Stroke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>imp.</pos>
<mord>of <er>Strike</er></mord>. <def>Struck.</def>
<hw>Stroke</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>strok</ets>,
<ets>strook</ets>, <ets>strak</ets>, fr. <ets>striken</ets>. See
<er>Strike</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act
of striking; a blow; a hit; a knock; esp., a violent or hostile
attack made with the arm or hand, or with an instrument or
weapon.</def>
<q>His hand fetcheth a <qex>stroke</qex> with the ax to cut down
the tree.</q>
<qau>Deut. xix. 5.</qau>
<q>A fool's lips enter into contention and his mouth calleth for
<qex>strokes</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prov. xviii. 6.</qau>
<q>He entered and won the whole kingdom of Naples without
striking a <qex>stroke</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The result of effect of a striking; injury or
affliction; soreness.</def>
<q>In the day that Lord bindeth up the breach of his people, and
healeth the <qex>stroke</qex> of their wound.</q>
<qau>Isa. xxx. 26.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The striking of the clock to tell the
hour.</def>
<q>Well, but what's o'clock?
- Upon the <qex>stroke</qex> of ten. -- Well, let is strike.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A gentle, caressing touch or movement upon
something; a stroking.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A mark or dash in writing or printing; a line;
the touch of a pen or pencil; <as>as, an up <ex>stroke</ex>; a
firm <ex>stroke</ex></as>.</def>
<q>O, lasting as those colors may they shine,
Free as thy <qex>stroke</qex>, yet faultless as thy line.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Hence, by extension, an addition or amandment to
a written composition; a touch; <as>as, to give some finishing
<ex>strokes</ex> to an essay</as>.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A sudden attack of disease; especially, a fatal
attack; a severe disaster; any affliction or calamity, especially
a sudden one; <as>as, a <ex>stroke</ex> of apoplexy; the
<ex>stroke</ex> of death</as>.</def>
<q>At this one <qex>stroke</qex> the man looked dead in law.</q>
<qau>Harte.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>A throb or beat, as of the heart.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>One of a series of beats or movements against a
resisting medium, by means of which movement through or upon it
is accomplished; <as>as, the <ex>stroke</ex> of a bird's wing in
flying, or an oar in rowing, of a skater, swimmer,
etc.</as></def>; also: <fld>(Rowing)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
rate of succession of stroke; <as>as, a quick
<ex>stroke</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The oar nearest the
stern of a boat, by which the other oars are guided; -- called
also <altname>stroke oar</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The
rower who pulls the stroke oar; the strokesman.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>A powerful or sudden effort by which something
is done, produced, or accomplished; also, something done or
accomplished by such an effort; <as>as, a <ex>stroke</ex> of
genius; a <ex>stroke</ex> of business; a master <ex>stroke</ex>
of policy.</as></def>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The movement, in either
direction, of the piston plunger, piston rod, crosshead, etc., as
of a steam engine or a pump, in which these parts have a
reciprocating motion; <as>as, the forward <ex>stroke</ex> of a
piston; also, the entire distance passed through, as by a piston,
in such a movement; <as>as, the piston is at half
<ex>stroke</ex></as></as>.</def>
<note><hand/ The respective strokes are distinguished as
<xex>up</xex> and <xex>down</xex> strokes, <xex>outward</xex> and
<xex>inward</xex> strokes, <xex>forward</xex> and <xex>back</xex>
strokes, the forward stroke in stationary steam engines being
toward the crosshead, but in locomotives toward the front of the
vehicle.</note>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>Power; influence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdWhere money beareth [hath] all the <xex>stroke</xex>.\'b8
<au>Robynson (More's Utopia).</au>
<q>He has a great <qex>stroke</qex> with the reader.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>13.</sn> <def>Appetite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Swift.</au>
<cs><col>To keep stroke</col>, <cd>to make strokes in
unison.</cd></cs>
<q>The oars where silver,
Which to the tune of flutes <qex>kept stroke</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Stroke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Strokeed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Strokeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stroken</ets>,
<ets>straken</ets>, AS. <ets>str\'becian</ets>, fr.
<ets>str\'c6can</ets> to go over, pass. See <er>Strike</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Straggle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To strike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Ye mote with the plat sword again
<qex>Stroken</qex> him in the wound, and it will close.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rib gently in one direction; especially, to
pass the hand gently over by way of expressing kindness or
tenderness; to caress; to soothe.</def>
<q>He dried the falling drops, and, yet more kind,
He <qex>stroked</qex> her cheeks.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make smooth by rubbing.</def>
<au>Longfellow.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To give a finely fluted
surface to.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To row the stroke oar of; <as>as, to
<ex>stroke</ex> a boat</as>.</def>
<hw>Strok"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
strokes; also, one who pretends to cure by stroking.</def>
<q>Cures worked by Greatrix the <qex>stroker</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>
<hw>Strokes"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Strokesman</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Rowing)</fld>
<def>The man who rows the aftermost oar, and whose stroke is to
be followed by the rest.</def>
<au>Totten.</au>
<hw>Strok"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of rubbing gently with the hand, or of smoothing; a
stroke.</def>
<q>I doubt not with one gentle <qex>stroking</qex> to wipe away
ten thousand tears.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Needlework)</fld> <def>The act of laying small
gathers in cloth in regular order.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>See <er>Stripping</er>,
2.</def>
<au>Smollett.</au>
<hw>Stroll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Strolled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Strolling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>stryge</ets>
to stroll, Sw. <ets>stryka</ets> to stroke, to ramble, dial. Sw.
<ets>strykel</ets> one who strolls about, Icel.
<ets>strj<?/ka</ets> to stroke, D. <ets>struikelen</ets> to
stumble, G. <ets>straucheln</ets>. Cf. <er>Struggle</er>.]</ety>
<def>To wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely; to
rove.</def>
<q>These mothers <qex>stroll</qex> to beg sustenance for their
helpless infants.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To rove; roam; range; stray.</syn>
<hw>Stroll</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wandering on foot; an idle
and leisurely walk; a ramble.</def>
<hw>Stroll"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
strolls; a vagrant.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stro"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stromata</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a bed covering,
Gr. <?/ a couch or bed.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The connective tissue or supporting framework
of an organ; <as>as, the <ex>stroma</ex> of the
kidney</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The spongy, colorless
framework of a red blood corpuscle or other cell.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A layer or mass of cellular
tissue, especially that part of the thallus of certain fungi
which incloses the perithecia.</def>
<hw>Stro*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
coverlet of a bed, pl. <?/ patchwork (for such a coverlet), also
applied to several <ets>miscellaneous</ets> writings, fr. <?/
anything spread out for resting upon, a bed, fr. <?/ to spread
out.]</ety> <def>Miscellaneous; composed of different
kinds.</def>
<hw>Stro`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/, <?/, a bed + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>
<def>The history of the formation of stratified rocks.</def>
<hw>Stromb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any marine univalve mollusk of the genus Strombus and allied
genera. See <er>Conch</er>, and <er>Strombus</er>.</def>
<hw>Strom"bite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil shell of the genus
Strombus.</def>
<hw>Strom"boid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Strombus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like,
Strombus.</def>
<hw>Strom*bu"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>strombulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>strombus + -form</ets>. See
<er>Strombus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>
<def>Formed or shaped like a top.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Coiled into the shape of a
screw or a helix.</def>
<hw>\'d8Strom"bus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine
gastropods in which the shell has the outer lip dilated into a
broad wing. It includes many large and handsome species commonly
called <altname>conch shells</altname>, or
<altname>conchs</altname>. See <er>Conch</er>.</def>
<hw>Stro"mey`er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So
named from the German chemist Friedrich
<ets>Stromeyer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A steel-gray
mineral of metallic luster. It is a sulphide of silver and
copper.</def>
<hw>Strond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Strand;
beach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<-- p. 1428 -->
<hw>Strong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Stronger</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Strongest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[AS. <ets>strang</ets>, <ets>strong</ets>; akin to D. & G.
<ets>streng</ets> strict, rigorous, OHG. <ets>strengi</ets>
strong, brave, harsh, Icel. <ets>strangr</ets> strong, severe,
Dan. <ets>streng</ets>, Sw. <ets>str\'84ng</ets> strict, severe.
Cf. <er>Strength</er>, <er>Stretch</er>, <er>String</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having active physical power, or great physical
power to act; having a power of exerting great bodily force;
vigorous.</def>
<q>That our oxen may be <qex>strong</qex> to labor.</q>
<qau>Ps. cxliv. 14.</qau>
<q>Orses the <qex>strong</qex> to greater strength must
yield.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having passive physical power; having ability to
bear or endure; firm; hale; sound; robust; <as>as, a
<ex>strong</ex> constitution; <ex>strong</ex> health.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Solid; tough; not easily broken or injured; able
to withstand violence; able to sustain attacks; not easily
subdued or taken; <as>as, a <ex>strong</ex> beam; a
<ex>strong</ex> rock; a <ex>strong</ex> fortress or
town.</as></def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Having great military or naval force; powerful;
<as>as, a <ex>strong</ex> army or fleet; a nation <ex>strong</ex>
at sea.</as></def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Having great wealth, means, or resources;
<as>as, a <ex>strong</ex> house, or company of
merchants</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Reaching a certain degree or limit in respect to
strength or numbers; <as>as, an army ten thousand
<ex>strong</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Moving with rapidity or force; violent;
forcible; impetuous; <as>as, a <ex>strong</ex> current of water
or wind; the wind was <ex>strong</ex> from the northeast; a
<ex>strong</ex> tide.</as></def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression
on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind;
powerful; forcible; cogent; <as>as, a <ex>strong</ex> argument;
<ex>strong</ex> reasons; <ex>strong</ex> evidence; a
<ex>strong</ex> example; <ex>strong</ex> language.</as></def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged;
<as>as, a <ex>strong</ex> partisan; a <ex>strong</ex> Whig or
Tory.</as></def>
<q>Her mother, ever <qex>strong</qex> against that match.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a
particular quality in a great degree; <as>as, a <ex>strong</ex>
powder or tincture; a <ex>strong</ex> decoction; <ex>strong</ex>
tea or coffee.</as></def>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>Full of spirit; containing a large proportion
of alcohol; intoxicating; <as>as, <ex>strong</ex>
liquors</as>.</def>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>Affecting any sense powerfully; <as>as,
<ex>strong</ex> light, colors, etc.; a <ex>strong</ex> flavor of
onions; a <ex>strong</ex> scent.</as></def>
<sn>13.</sn> <def>Solid; nourishing; <as>as, <ex>strong</ex>
meat</as>.</def>
<au>Heb. v. 12.</au>
<sn>14.</sn> <def>Well established; firm; not easily overthrown
or altered; <as>as, a <ex>strong</ex> custom; a <ex>strong</ex>
belief.</as></def>
<sn>15.</sn> <def>Violent; vehement; earnest; ardent.</def>
<q>He had offered up prayers and supplications with
<qex>strong</qex> crying and tears.</q>
<qau>Heb. v. 7.</qau>
<sn>16.</sn> <def>Having great force, vigor, power, or the like,
as the mind, intellect, or any faculty; <as>as, a man of a
<ex>strong</ex> mind, memory, judgment, or
imagination</as>.</def>
<q>I was <qex>stronger</qex> in prophecy than in criticism.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>17.</sn> <def>Vigorous; effective; forcible; powerful.</def>
<q>Like her sweet voice is thy harmonious song,
As high, as sweet, as easy, and as <qex>strong</qex>.</q>
<qau>E. Smith.</qau>
<sn>18.</sn> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>Tending to higher
prices; rising; <as>as, a <ex>strong</ex> market</as>.</def>
<sn>19.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to,
or designating, a verb which forms its preterit (imperfect) by a
variation in the root vowel, and the past participle (usually) by
the addition of <xex>-en</xex> (with or without a change of the
root vowel); as in the verbs <xex>strive</xex>,
<xex>strove</xex>, <xex>striven</xex>; <xex>break</xex>,
<xex>broke</xex>, <xex>broken</xex>; <xex>drink</xex>,
<xex>drank</xex>, <xex>drunk</xex>. Opposed to <xex>weak</xex>,
or <xex>regular</xex>. See <er>Weak</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Applied to forms in Anglo-Saxon, etc., which retain the old
declensional endings. In the Teutonic languages the vowel stems
have held the original endings most firmly, and are called
<xex>strong</xex>; the stems in <xex>-n</xex> are called
<xex>weak</xex> other constant stems conform, or are
irregular.</def>
<au>F. A. March.</au>
<cs><col>Strong conjugation</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the
conjugation of a strong verb; -- called also <altname>old, <or/
irregular, conjugation</altname>, and distinguished from the
<contr>weak, <or/ regular, conjugation</contr>.</cd></cs>
<note><hand/ <xex>Strong</xex> is often used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>strong</xex>-backed,
<xex>strong</xex>-based, <xex>strong</xex>-bodied,
<xex>strong</xex>-colored, <xex>strong</xex>-fisted,
<xex>strong</xex>-handed, <xex>strong</xex>-ribbed,
<xex>strong</xex>-smelling, <xex>strong</xex>-voiced, etc.</note>
<syn>Syn. -- Vigorous; powerful; stout; solid; firm; hardy;
muscular; forcible; cogent; valid. See <er>Robust</er>.</syn>
<hw>Strong"hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Violence;
force; power.</def>
<q>It was their meaning to take what they needed by
<qex>stronghand</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<hw>Strong"hold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
fastness; a fort or fortress; fortfield place; a place of
security.</def>
<hw>Strong"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat strong.</def>
<hw>Strong"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a strong manner; so
as to be strong in action or in resistance; with strength; with
great force; forcibly; powerfully; firmly; vehemently; <as>as, a
town <ex>strongly</ex> fortified; he objected
<ex>strongly</ex>.</as></def>
<hw>Strong"-mind`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
a vigorous mind; esp., having or affecting masculine qualities of
mind; -- said of women.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Strong"-mind`ed*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Strong"-wa`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An acid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Distilled or ardent spirits; intoxicating
liquor.</def>
<hw>Stron"gy*lid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Strongyloid.</def>
<hw>Stron"gy*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>Strongylus</ets> the genus (from Gr. <?/ round) +
<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or
pertaining to, <spn>Strongylus</spn>, a genus of parasitic
nematode worms of which many species infest domestic animals.
Some of the species, especially those living in the kidneys,
lungs, and bronchial tubes, are often very injurious.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A strongyloid worm.</def></def2>
<hw>Stron"ti*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>strontia</ets>, fr. <ets>Strontian</ets>, in Argyleshire,
Scotland, where <ets>strontianite</ets> was first found.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An earth of a white color resembling lime
in appearance, and baryta in many of its properties. It is an
oxide of the metal strontium.</def>
<hw>Stron"ti*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Strontia.</def>
<hw>Stron"ti*an*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Strontium carbonate, a mineral of a white,
greenish, or yellowish color, usually occurring in fibrous
massive forms, but sometimes in prismatic crystals.</def>
<hw>Stron"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to strontium; containing, or designating
the compounds of, strontium.</def>
<hw>Stron*tit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Strontic.</def>
<hw>Stron"ti*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See
<er>Strontia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A metallic
element of the calcium group, always naturally occurring
combined, as in the minerals strontianite, celestite, etc. It is
isolated as a yellowish metal, somewhat malleable but harder than
calcium. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color
pyrotechnic flames red. Symbol Sr. Atomic weight 87.3.</def>
<-- Strontium-90. <def>A radioactive isotope of strontium
produced by certain nuclear reactions, and constituting one of
the prominent harmful components of radioactive fallout from
nuclear explosions; also called
<altname>radiostrontium.</altname> It has a half-life of 28
years.</def> -->
<hw>Strook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.<mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Strike</er>.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Strook</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stroke.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Stroot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Strut</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To swell out; to
strut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Strop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Strap</er>.]</ety> <def>A strap; specifically, same as
<er>Strap</er>, 3.</def>
<hw>Strop</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stropped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stropping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To draw over, or
rub upon, a strop with a view to sharpen; <as>as, to
<ex>strop</ex> a razor</as>.</def>
<hw>Strop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>estrope</ets>,
<ets>\'82trope</ets>, fr. L. <ets>struppus</ets>. See
<er>Strop</er> a strap.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of
rope spliced into a circular wreath, and put round a block for
hanging it.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stro*phan"thus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a turning + <?/ a flower.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tropical apocynaceous shrubs
having singularly twisted flowers. One species (<spn>Strophanthus
hispidus</spn>) is used medicinally as a cardiac sedative and
stimulant.</def>
<hw>Stro"phe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Strophes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/,
fr. <?/ to twist, to turn; perh. akin to E.
<ets>strap</ets>.]</ety> <def>In Greek choruses and dances, the
movement of the chorus while turning from the right to the left
of the orchestra; hence, the strain, or part of the choral ode,
sung during this movement. Also sometimes used of a stanza of
modern verse. See the Note under <er>Antistrophe</er>.</def>
<hw>Stroph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to, containing, or consisting of, strophes.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Stro"phi*o*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Stro"phi*o*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with a strophiole, or caruncle,
or that which resembles it.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Stro"phi*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strophiolum</ets> a little chaplet, dim. of
<ets>strophium</ets> a band, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ a twisted band:
cf. F. <ets>strophiole</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
crestlike excrescence about the hilum of certain seeds; a
caruncle.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stroph"u*lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Red-gum</er>,
1.</def>
<hw>Stroud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of coarse
blanket or garment used by the North American Indians.</def>
<hw>Stroud"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Material for strouds; a
kind of coarse cloth used in trade with the North American
Indians.</def>
<hw>Strout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Strut</er>.]</ety> <def>To swell; to puff out; to
project.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Strout</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to project or
swell out; to enlarge affectedly; to strut.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Strove</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Strive</er>.</def>
<hw>Strow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Strowed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Strown</er> <pr>(?)</pr> <or/
<er>Strowed</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Same as <er>Strew</er>.</def>
<q>Thick as autumnal leaves that <qex>strow</qex> the brooks
In Vallombrosa.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>A manner turbid . . . and <qex>strown</qex> with
blemished.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>
<hw>Strowl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
stroll.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Strown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Strow</er>.</def>
<hw>Stroy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Tusser.</au>
<hw>Struck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Strike</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Struck jury</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a special jury,
composed of persons having special knowledge or qualifications,
selected by striking from the panel of jurors a certain number
for each party, leaving the number required by law to try the
cause.</cd></cs>
<hw>Struck"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><pos>p.
p.</pos> of <er>Strike</er>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Struc"tur*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to structure; affecting structure; <as>as,
a <ex>structural</ex> error</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to organit
structure; <as>as, a <ex>structural</ex> element or cell; the
<ex>structural</ex> peculiarities of an animal or a
plant.</as></def>
<cs><col>Structural formula</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Rational formula</cref>, under <er>Formula</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- a symbolic representation of the structure of one molecule of
a chemical compound, showing the attachments of the atoms to each
other; it may or may not depict the stereochemical relations of
the bonds. Distinguished from <cref>empirical formula</cref>.
-->
<hw>Struc"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>structura</ets>, from <ets>struere</ets>,
<ets>structum</ets>, to arrange, build, construct; perhaps akin
to E. <ets>strew</ets>: cf. F. <ets>structure</ets>. Cf.
<er>Construe</er>, <er>Destroy</er>, <er>Instrument</er>,
<er>Obstruct</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of building;
the practice of erecting buildings; construction.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>His son builds on, and never is content
Till the last farthing is in <qex>structure</qex> spent.</q>
<qau>J. Dryden, Jr.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Manner of building; form; make;
construction.</def>
<q>Want of insight into the <qex>structure</qex> and constitution
of the terraqueous globe.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Arrangement of parts, of organs, or of
constituent particles, in a substance or body; <as>as, the
<ex>structure</ex> of a rock or a mineral; the <ex>structure</ex>
of a sentence</as>.</def>
<q>It [basalt] has often a prismatic <qex>structure</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dana.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Manner of organization; the
arrangement of the different tissues or parts of animal and
vegetable organisms; <as>as, organic <ex>structure</ex>, or the
<ex>structure</ex> of animals and plants; cellular
<ex>structure</ex>.</as></def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which is built; a building; esp., a
building of some size or magnificence; an edifice.</def>
<q>There stands a <qex>structure</qex> of majestic frame.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<cs><col>Columnar structure</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Columnar</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Struc"tured</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having a definite organic structure;
showing differentiation of parts.</def>
<q>The passage from a structureless state to a
<qex>structured</qex> state is itself a vital process.</q>
<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>
<hw>Struc"ture*less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without
a definite structure, or arrangement of parts; without
organization; devoid of cells; homogeneous; <as>as, a
<ex>structureless</ex> membrane</as>.</def>
<hw>Struc"tur*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
forms structures; a builder; a constructor.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Strude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stock of
breeding mares.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>strode</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Strug"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Struggled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Struggling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>strogelen</ets>; cf.
Icel. <ets>strj<?/ka</ets> to stroke, to beat, to flog, Sw.
<ets>stryka</ets> to stroke, to strike, Dan. <ets>stryge</ets>,
G. <ets>straucheln</ets> to stumble. Cf. <er>Stroll</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To strive, or to make efforts, with a twisting,
or with contortions of the body.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To use great efforts; to labor hard; to strive;
to contend forcibly; <as>as, to <ex>struggle</ex> to save one's
life; to <ex>struggle</ex> with the waves; to <ex>struggle</ex>
with adversity</as>.</def>
<q>The brave men, living and dead, who <qex>struggled</qex> here,
have consecrated it [Gettysburg] far above our power to add or
detract.</q>
<qau>Lincoln.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To labor in pain or anguish; to be in agony; to
labor in any kind of difficulty or distress.</def>
<q>'T is wisdom to beware,
And better shun the bait than <qex>struggle</qex> in the
snare.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To strive; contend; labor; endeavor.</syn>
<hw>Strug"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
violent effort or efforts with contortions of the body; agony;
distress.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Great labor; forcible effort to obtain an
object, or to avert an evil.</def>
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Contest; contention; strife.</def>
<q>An honest might look upon the <qex>struggle</qex> with
indifference.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Endeavor; effort; contest; labor; difficulty.</syn>
<hw>Strug"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
struggles.</def>
<hw>Strull</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bar so placed
as to resist weight.</def>
<hw>Strum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Strummed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Strumming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably of imitative
origin. Cf. <er>Thrum</er>.]</ety> <def>To play on an instrument
of music, or as on an instrument, in an unskillful or noisy way;
to thrum; <as>as, to <ex>strum</ex> a piano</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stru"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
scrofulous tumor.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Scrofula.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cushionlike swelling on any
organ; especially, that at the base of the capsule in many
mosses.</def>
<hw>Stru*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Scrofulous;
strumous.</def>
<hw>Stru*mose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strumosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>strumeux</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Strumous.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a struma.</def>
<hw>Stru"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Scrofulous; having struma.</def>
<hw>Stru"mous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being
strumous.</def>
<hw>Strum"pet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>strumpet</ets>, <ets>strompet</ets>; cf. OF.
<ets>stupe</ets> debauchery, F. <ets>stupe</ets>, L.
<ets>stuprare</ets>, <ets>stupratum</ets>, to debauch,
<ets>stuprum</ets> debauchery, Gael. & Ir. <ets>striopach</ets> a
prostitute.]</ety> <def>A prostitute; a harlot.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Strum"pet</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a
strumpet; characteristic of a strumpet.</def>
<q>Out on thy more than <qex>strumpet</qex> impudence.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<hw>Strum"pet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
debauch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dishonor with the reputation of being a
strumpet; hence, to belie; to slander.</def>
<q>With his untrue reports, <qex>strumpet</qex> your fame.</q>
<qau>Massinger.</qau>
<hw>Strum"strum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rude
musical instrument somewhat like a cittern.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dampier.</au>
<hw>Strung</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>String</er>.</def>
<hw>Strunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Spirituous
liquor.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Burns.</au>
<hw>Strun"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
worsted braid, about an inch broad.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Jamieson.</au>
<hw>Struse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.
<ets>strug'</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A Russian river
craft used for transporting freight.</def>
<hw>Strut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Strutted</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Strutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>struten</ets>,
<ets>strouten</ets>, to swell; akin to G. <ets>strozen</ets> to
be swelled, to be puffed up, to strut, Dan.
<ets>strutte</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To swell; to bulge
out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The bellying canvas <qex>strutted</qex> with the gale.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To walk with a lofty, proud gait, and erect
head; to walk with affected dignity.</def>
<q>Does he not hold up his head, . . . and <qex>strut</qex> in
his gait?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Strut</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For senses 2 & 3 cf. LG.
<ets>strutt</ets> rigid.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
strutting; a pompous step or walk.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In general, any piece of a
frame which resists thrust or pressure in the direction of its
own length. See <er>Brace</er>, and <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Frame</er>, and <er>Roof</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>Any part of a machine or
structure, of which the principal function is to hold things
apart; a brace subjected to compressive stress; -- the opposite
of <xex>stay</xex>, and <xex>tie</xex>.</def>
<hw>Strut</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To hold apart. Cf.
<er>Strut</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>
<hw>Strut</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Protuberant.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Stru"thi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Struthious.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stru"thi*o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Struthiones</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., an ostrich,
fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of birds
including the African ostriches.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stru`thi*oi"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Struthio</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Struthiones</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stru`thi*o"nes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Struthio</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A division, or order, of birds, including only
the African ostriches.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a wider sense,
an extensive group of birds including the ostriches, cassowaries,
emus, moas, and allied birds incapable of flight. In this sense
it is equivalent to <spn>Ratit\'91</spn>, or
<spn>Drom\'91ognath\'91</spn>.</def>
<hw>Stru`thi*o"nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Struthious.</def>
<hw>Stru"thi*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>struthius</ets>, <ets>strutheus</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Struthiones,
or Ostrich tribe.</def>
<hw>Strut"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
struts.</def>
<hw>Strut"ting</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from <er>Strut</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Strut"ting*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Struv"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[After the
Russian minister Von <ets>Struve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>
<def>A crystalline mineral found in guano. It is a hydrous
phosphate of magnesia and ammonia.</def>
<hw>Strych"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See
<er>Strychnine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Strychnine.</def>
<hw>Strych"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to strychnine; produced by strychnine; <as>as,
<ex>strychnic</ex> compounds; <ex>strychnic</ex>
poisoning</as></def>; specifically <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <def>used
to designate an acid, called also <xex>igasuric acid</xex>.</def>
<hw>Strych"nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>strychnos</ets> a kind of nightshade, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>strychnine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A very
poisonous alkaloid resembling brucine, obtained from various
species of plants, especially from species of
<spn>Loganiace\'91</spn>, as from the seeds of the St. Ignatius
bean (<spn>Strychnos Ignatia</spn>) and from nux vomica. It is
obtained as a white crystalline substance, having a very bitter
acrid taste, and is employed in medicine (chiefly in the form of
the sulphate) as a powerful neurotic stimulant. Called also
<altname>strychnia</altname>, and formerly
<altname>strychnina</altname>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Strych"nos</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
kind of nightshade, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
genus of tropical trees and shrubs of the order
<spn>Loganiace\'91</spn>. See <er>Nux vomica</er>.</def>
<-- p. 1429 -->
<hw>Stryph"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
astringent.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or
designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, obtained by the action
of acetic acid and potassium nitrite on uric acid, as a yellow
crystalline substance, with a bitter, astringent taste.</def>
<hw>Stub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stubbe</ets>, AS. <ets>stub</ets>, <ets>styb</ets>; akin to
D. <ets>stobbe</ets>, LG. <ets>stubbe</ets>, Dan.
<ets>stub</ets>, Sw. <ets>stubbe</ets>, Icel. <ets>stubbr</ets>,
<ets>stubbi</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The stump
of a tree; that part of a tree or plant which remains fixed in
the earth when the stem is cut down; -- applied especially to the
stump of a small tree, or shrub.</def>
<q><qex>Stubs</qex> sharp and hideous to behold.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>And prickly <qex>stubs</qex> instead of trees are found.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A log; a block; a blockhead.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The short blunt part of anything after larger
part has been broken off or used up; hence, anything short and
thick; <as>as, the <ex>stub</ex> of a pencil, candle, or
cigar</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A part of a leaf in a check book, after a check
is torn out, on which the number, amount, and destination of the
check are usually recorded.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A pen with a short, blunt nib.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A stub nail; an old horseshoe nail; also, stub
iron.</def>
<cs><col>Stub end</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the enlarged end
of a connecting rod, to which the strap is fastened.</cd> --
<col>Stub iron</col>, <cd>iron made from stub nails, or old
horseshoe nails, -- used in making gun barrels.</cd> -- <col>Stub
mortise</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a mortise passing only
partly through the timber in which it is formed.</cd> --
<col>Stub nail</col>, <cd>an old horseshoe nail; a nail broken
off; also, a short, thick nail.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Stub
short</col>, <or/ <col>Stub shot</col></mcol> <fld>(Lumber
Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>the part of the end of a sawn log or plank
which is beyond the place where the saw kerf ends, and which
retains the plank in connection with the log, until it is split
off.</cd> -- <col>Stub twist</col>, <cd>material for a gun
barrel, made of a spirally welded ribbon of steel and stub iron
combined.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stub</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stubbed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stubbing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grub
up by the roots; to extirpate; <as>as, to <ex>stub</ex> up edible
roots</as>.</def>
<q>What <qex>stubbing</qex>, plowing, digging, and harrowing is
to a piece of land.</q>
<qau>Berkley.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To remove stubs from; <as>as, to <ex>stub</ex>
land</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To strike as the toes, against a stub, stone, or
other fixed object.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Stub"bed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Reduced to a stub; short and thick, like something
truncated; blunt; obtuse.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Abounding in stubs; stubby.</def>
<q>A bit of <qex>stubbed</qex> ground, once a wood.</q>
<qau>R. Browning.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not nice or delicate; hardy; rugged.</def>
\'bd<xex>Stubbed</xex>, vulgar constitutions.\'b8
<au>Berkley.</au>
<hw>Stub"bed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state
of being stubbed.</def>
<hw>Stub"bi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
of being stubby.</def>
<hw>Stub"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stobil</ets>, <ets>stoble</ets>, OF. <ets>estouble</ets>,
<ets>estuble</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tuele</ets>, LL.
<ets>stupla</ets>, <ets>stupula</ets>, L. <ets>stipula</ets>
stubble, stalk; cf. D. & G. <ets>stopped</ets>, OHG.
<ets>stupfila</ets>. Cf. <er>Stipule</er>.]</ety> <def>The stumps
of wheat, rye, barley, oats, or buckwheat, left in the ground;
the part of the stalk left by the scythe or sickle.</def>
\'bdAfter the first crop is off, they plow in the wheast
<xex>stubble</xex>.\'b8
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<cs><col>Stubble goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
graylag goose.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>.
-- <col>Stubble rake</col>, <cd>a rake with long teeth for
gleaning in stubble.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stub"bled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Covered with stubble.</def>
<q>A crow was strutting o'er the <qex>stubbled</qex> plain.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stubbed; <as>as, <ex>stubbled</ex>
legs</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Skelton.</au>
<hw>Stub"bly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with stubble;
stubbled.</def>
<hw>Stub"born</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stoburn</ets>, <ets>stiborn</ets>; probably fr. AS.
<ets>styb</ets> a stub. See <er>Stub</er>.]</ety> <def>Firm as a
stub or stump; stiff; unbending; unyielding; persistent; hence,
unreasonably obstinate in will or opinion; not yielding to reason
or persuasion; refractory; harsh; -- said of persons and things;
<as>as, <ex>stubborn</ex> wills; <ex>stubborn</ex> ore; a
<ex>stubborn</ex> oak; as <ex>stubborn</ex> as a mule.</as></def>
\'bdBow, <xex>stubborn</xex> knees.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.
\'bd<xex>Stubborn</xex> attention and more than common
application.\'b8 <au>Locke</au>. \'bd<xex>Stubborn</xex>
Stoics.\'b8 <au>Swift</au>.
<q>And I was young and full of ragerie [wantonness]
<qex>Stubborn</qex> and strong, and jolly as a pie.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>These heretics be so stiff and <qex>stubborn</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir T. More.</qau>
<q>Your <qex>stubborn</qex> usage of the pope.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Obstinate; inflexible; obdurate; headstrong; stiff;
hardy; firm; refractory; intractable; rugged; contumacious;
heady.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Stubborn</er>, <er>Obstinate</er>.
<xex>Obstinate</xex> is used of either active or passive
persistence in one's views or conduct, in spite of the wishes of
others. <xex>Stubborn</xex> describes an extreme degree of
passive <xex>obstinacy</xex>.</usage>
-- <wordforms><wf>Stub"born*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Stub"born*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Stub"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Abounding with stubs.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Short and thick; short and strong, as
bristles.</def>
<hw>Stuc"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Stuccoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <plw>Stuccos</plw></plu>.
<ety>[It., fr. OHG. <ets>stucchi</ets> a crust, piece, G.
<ets>st\'81ck</ets> piece; akin to AS. <ets>stycce</ets>. See
<er>Stock</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Plaster of any kind used
as a coating for walls, especially, a fine plaster, composed of
lime or gypsum with sand and pounded marble, used for internal
decorations and fine work.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Work made of stucco; stuccowork.</def>
<hw>Stuc"co</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stuccoed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stuccoing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To
overlay or decorate with stucco, or fine plaster.</def>
<hw>Stuc"co*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
stuccoes.</def>
<hw>Stuc"co*work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Work done
in stucco.</def>
<hw>Stuck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Stick</er>.</def>
<hw>Stuck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. 1st
<er>Stoccado</er>.]</ety> <def>A thrust.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stuc"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Stook</er>.]</ety> <def>A number of sheaves set together in
the field; a stook.</def>
<hw>Stuck"-up`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Self-important and supercilious, <?/onceited; vain;
arrogant.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>The airs of small, <qex>stuck-up</qex>, men.</q>
<qau>A. K. H. Boyd.</qau>
<hw>Stud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stod</ets>, <ets>stood</ets>, AS. <ets>st\'d3d</ets>; akin
to OHG. <ets>stuota</ets>, G. <ets>stute</ets> a mare, Icel.
<ets>st\'d3<?/</ets> stud, Lith. <ets>stodas</ets> a herd, Russ.
<ets>stado</ets>, and to E. <ets>stand</ets>. The sense is
properly, a stand, an establishment. \'fb163. See <er>Stand</er>,
and cf. <er>Steed</er>.]</ety> <def>A collection of breeding
horses and mares, or the place where they are kept; also, a
number of horses kept for a racing, riding, etc.</def>
<q>In the <qex>studs</qex> of Ireland, where care is taken, we
see horses bred of excellent shape, vigor, and size.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<q>He had the finest <qex>stud</qex> in England, and his delight
was to win plates from Tories.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Stud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>studu</ets> a post; akin to Sw. <ets>st\'94d</ets> a prop,
Icel. <ets>sto<?/</ets> a post, <ets>sty<?/ja</ets> to prop, and
probably ultimately to E. <ets>stand</ets>; cf. D.
<ets>stut</ets> a prop, G. <ets>st\'81tze</ets>. See
<er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stem; a trunk.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Seest not this same hawthorn <qex>stud</qex>?</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An upright scanting, esp. one
of the small uprights in the framing for lath and plaster
partitions, and furring, and upon which the laths are
nailed.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of nail with a large head, used chiefly
for ornament; an ornamental knob; a boss.</def>
<q>A belt of straw and ivy buds,
With coral clasps and amber <qex>studs</qex>.</q>
<qau>Marlowe.</qau>
<q>Crystal and myrrhine cups, embossed with gems
And <qex>studs</qex> of pearl.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>An ornamental button of various forms, worn in a
shirt front, collar, wristband, or the like, not sewed in place,
but inserted through a buttonhole or eyelet, and
transferable.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A short rod or
pin, fixed in and projecting from something, and sometimes
forming a journal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A stud bolt.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>An iron brace across the shorter diameter of the
link of a chain cable.</def>
<cs><col>Stud bolt</col>, <cd>a bolt with threads on both ends,
to be screwed permanently into a fixed part at one end and
receive a nut upon the other; -- called also <altname>standing
bolt</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stud</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Studded</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Studding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
adorn with shining studs, or knobs.</def>
<q>Thy horses shall be trapped,
Their harness <qex>studded</qex> all with gold and pearl.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To set with detached ornaments or prominent
objects; to set thickly, as with studs.</def>
<q>The sloping sides and summits of our hills, and the extensive
plains that stretch before our view, are <qex>studded</qex> with
substantial, neat, and commodious dwellings of freemen.</q>
<qau>Bp. Hobart.</qau>
<hw>Stud"book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
genealogical register of a particular breed or stud of horses,
esp. thoroughbreds.</def>
<hw>Stud"der*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stud, or
collection of breeding horses and mares; also, a place for
keeping a stud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>King Henry the Eighth erected a noble <qex>studdery</qex>.</q>
<qau>Holinshed.</qau>
<hw>Stud"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Material for
studs, or joists; studs, or joists, collectively; studs.</def>
<hw>Stud"ding sail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A
light sail set at the side of a principal or square sail of a
vessel in free winds, to increase her speed. Its head is bent to
a small spar which is called the <xex>studding-sail boom</xex>.
See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Sail</er>.</def>
<au>Toten.</au>
<hw>Stu"dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>studens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>studere</ets> to study. See <er>Study</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person engaged in study;
one who is devoted to learning; a learner; a pupil; a scholar;
especially, one who attends a school, or who seeks knowledge from
professional teachers or from books; <as>as, the
<ex>students</ex> of an academy, a college, or a university; a
medical <ex>student</ex>; a hard <ex>student</ex>.</as></def>
<q>Keep a gamester from the dice, and a good <qex>student</qex>
from his book.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who studies or examines in any manner; an
attentive and systematic observer; <as>as, a <ex>student</ex> of
human nature, or of physical nature</as>.</def>
<hw>Stu"dent*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A body of
students.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Stu"dent*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being a
student.</def>
<hw>Stud"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small
American minnows of the genus <spn>Fundulus</spn>, as <spn>F.
catenatus</spn>.</def>
<hw>Stud"-horse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>st\'d3d-hors</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stallion, esp. one kept
for breeding.</def>
<hw>Stud"ied</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Closely
examined; read with diligence and attention; made the subject of
study; well considered; <as>as, a <ex>studied</ex>
lesson</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Well versed in any branch of learning; qualified
by study; learned; <as>as, a man well <ex>studied</ex> in
geometry</as>.</def>
<q>I shrewdly suspect that he is little <qex>studied</qex> of a
theory of moral proportions.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Premeditated; planned; designed; <as>as, a
<ex>studied</ex> insult</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Studied</xex>
magnificence.\'b8
<au>Hawthorne.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Intent; inclined.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Stud"ied*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
studied manner.</def>
<hw>Stud"i*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
student.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>W. Irving.</au>
<q>Lipsius was a great <qex>studier</qex> of the stoical
philosophy.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<hw>Stu"di*o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Studios</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It.
<ets>studio</ets>, properly, study. See <er>Study</er>.]</ety>
<def>The working room of an artist.</def>
<hw>Stu"di*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>studious</ets>: cf. F. <ets>studieux</ets>. See
<er>Study</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Given to study; devoted
to the acquisition of knowledge from books; <as>as, a
<ex>studious</ex> scholar</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Given to thought, or to the examination of
subjects by contemplation; contemplative.</def>
<au>Locke.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Earnest in endeavors; aiming sedulously;
attentive; observant; diligent; -- usually followed by an
infinitive or by <xex>of</xex>; <as>as, be <ex>studious</ex> to
please; <ex>studious</ex> to find new friends and
allies</as>.</def>
<q>You that are so <qex>studious</qex>
Of my affairs, wholly neglect your own.</q>
<qau>Massinger.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Planned with study; deliberate; studied.</def>
<q>For the frigid villainy of <qex>studious</qex> lewdness, . . .
with apology can be invented?</q>
<qau>Rambler.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Favorable to study; suitable for thought and
contemplation; <as>as, the <ex>studious</ex> shade</as>.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<q>But let my due feet never fail
To walk the <qex>studious</qex> cloister's pale.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Stu"di*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Stu"di*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Stud"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Studies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.
<ets>studie</ets>, L. <ets>studium</ets>, akin to
<ets>studere</ets> to study; possibly akin to Gr. <?/ haste,
zeal, <?/ to hasten; cf. OF. <ets>estudie</ets>,
<ets>estude</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tude</ets>. Cf. <er>Etude</er>,
<er>Student</er>, <er>Studio</er>, <er>Study</er>, <ets>v.
i.</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A setting of the mind or
thoughts upon a subject; hence, application of mind to books,
arts, or science, or to any subject, for the purpose of acquiring
knowledge.</def>
<q>Hammond . . . spent thirteen hours of the day in
<qex>study</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bp. Fell.</qau>
<q><qex>Study</qex> gives strength to the mind; conversation,
grace.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Mental occupation; absorbed or thoughtful
attention; meditation; contemplation.</def>
<q>Just men they seemed, and all their <qex>study</qex> bent
To worship God aright, and know his works.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any particular branch of learning that is
studied; any object of attentive consideration.</def>
<q>The Holy Scriptures, especially the New Testament, are her
daily <qex>study</qex>.</q>
<qau>Law.</qau>
<q>The proper <qex>study</qex> of mankind is man.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A building or apartment devoted to study or to
literary work.</def> \'bdHis cheery little <xex>study</xex>.\'b8
<au>Hawthorne.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A representation or
rendering of any object or scene intended, not for exhibition as
an original work of art, but for the information, instruction, or
assistance of the maker; <as>as, a <ex>study</ex> of heads or of
hands for a figure picture</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A piece for special practice.
See <er>Etude</er>.</def>
<hw>Stud"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Studied</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Studying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>studien</ets>, OF.
<ets>estudier</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tudier</ets>. See
<er>Study</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fix the
mind closely upon a subject; to dwell upon anything in thought;
to muse; to ponder.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>I found a moral first, and then <qex>studied</qex> for a
fable.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To apply the mind to books or learning.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To endeavor diligently; to be zealous.</def>
<au>1 Thes. iv. 11.</au>
<hw>Stud"y</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To apply the
mind to; to read and examine for the purpose of learning and
understanding; <as>as, to <ex>study</ex> law or theology; to
<ex>study</ex> languages</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To consider attentively; to examine closely;
<as>as, to <ex>study</ex> the work of nature</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Study</qex> thyself; what rank or what degree
The wise Creator has ordained for thee.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To form or arrange by previous thought; to con
over, as in committing to memory; <as>as, to <ex>study</ex> a
speech</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make an object of study; to aim at
sedulously; to devote one's thoughts to; <as>as, to
<ex>study</ex> the welfare of others; to <ex>study</ex> variety
in composition</as>.</def>
<q>For their heart <qex>studieth</qex> destruction.</q>
<qau>Prov. xxiv. 2.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Stu"fa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.
<ets>stufa</ets> a stove. See <er>Stove</er>.]</ety> <def>A jet
of steam issuing from a fissure in the earth.</def>
<hw>Stuff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estoffe</ets>, F. <ets>\'82toffe</ets>; of uncertain origin,
perhaps of Teutonic origin and akin to E. <ets>stop</ets>, v.t.
Cf. <er>Stuff</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Material which is to be worked up in any process of
manufacture.</def>
<q>For the <qex>stuff</qex> they had was sufficient for all the
work to make it, and too much.</q>
<qau>Ex. xxxvi. 7.</qau>
<q>Ambitions should be made of sterner <qex>stuff</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The workman on his <qex>stuff</qex> his skill doth show,
And yet the <qex>stuff</qex> gives not the man his skill.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fundamental material of which anything is
made up; elemental part; essence.</def>
<q>Yet do I hold it very <qex>stuff</qex> o' the conscience
To do no contrived murder.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Woven material not made into garments; fabric of
any kind; specifically, any one of various fabrics of wool or
worsted; sometimes, worsted fiber.</def>
<q>What <qex>stuff</qex> wilt have a kirtle of?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>It [the arras] was of <qex>stuff</qex> and silk mixed, though,
superior kinds were of silk exclusively.</q>
<qau>F. G. Lee.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Furniture; goods; domestic vessels or
utensils.</def>
<q>He took away locks, and gave away the king's
<qex>stuff</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hayward.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A medicine or mixture; a potion.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Refuse or worthless matter; hence, also, foolish
or irrational language; nonsense; trash.</def>
<q>Anger would indite
Such woeful <qex>stuff</qex> as I or Shadwell write.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A melted mass of turpentine,
tallow, etc., with which the masts, sides, and bottom of a ship
are smeared for lubrication.</def>
<qau>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Paper stock ground ready for use.</def>
<note><hand/ When partly ground, called <xex>half
stuff</xex>.</note>
<au>Knight.</au>
<cs><col>Clear stuff</col>. <cd>See under <er>Clear</er>.</cd> --
<col>Small stuff</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>all kinds of small
cordage. <au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au></cd> -- <col>Stuff gown</col>,
<cd>the distinctive garb of a junior barrister; hence, a junior
barrister himself. See <altname>Silk gown</altname>, under
<er>Silk</er>.</cd></cs><-- <col>stuff and nonsense</col>. (See
def. 6 for stuff) <cd>balderdash, twaddle, nonsense,
foolishness.</cd> -->
<hw>Stuff</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stuffed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stuffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stoffen</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>estoffer</ets>, F.
<ets>\'82toffer</ets>, to put stuff in, to stuff, to line, also,
OF. <ets>estouffer</ets> to stifle, F. <ets>\'82touffer</ets>;
both perhaps of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. <ets>stop</ets>.
Cf. <er>Stop</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Stuff</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fill by crowding
something into; to cram with something; to load to excess;
<as>as, to <ex>stuff</ex> a bedtick</as>.</def>
<q>Sometimes this crook drew hazel bought adown,
And <qex>stuffed</qex> her apron wide with nuts so brown.</q>
<qau>Gay.</qau>
<q>Lest the gods, for sin,
Should with a swelling dropsy <qex>stuff</qex> thy skin.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To thrust or crowd; to press; to pack.</def>
<q>Put roses into a glass with a narrow mouth,
<qex>stuffing</qex> them close together . . . and they retain
smell and color.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fill by being pressed or packed into.</def>
<q>With inward arms the dire machine they load,
And iron bowels <qex>stuff</qex> the dark abode.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To fill with a seasoning
composition of bread, meat, condiments, etc.; <as>as, to
<ex>stuff</ex> a turkey</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To obstruct, as any of the organs; to affect
with some obstruction in the organs of sense or
respiration.</def>
<q>I'm <qex>stuffed</qex>, cousin; I can not smell.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To fill the skin of, for the purpose of
preserving as a specimen; -- said of birds or other
animals.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To form or fashion by packing with the necessary
material.</def>
<q>An Eastern king put a judge to death for an iniquitous
sentence, and ordered his hide to be <qex>stuffed</qex> into a
cushion, and placed upon the tribunal.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To crowd with facts; to cram the mind of;
sometimes, to crowd or fill with false or idle tales or
fancies.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To put fraudulent votes into (a ballot
box).</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<-- p. 1430 -->
<hw>Stuff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To feed
gluttonously; to cram.</def>
<q>Taught harmless man to cram and <qex>stuff</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Stuff"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, stuffs.</def>
<hw>Stuff"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality of being stuffy.</def>
<hw>Stuff"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is
used for filling anything; <as>as, the <ex>stuffing</ex> of a
saddle or cushion</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Any seasoning preparation
used to stuff meat; especially, a composition of bread,
condiments, spices, etc.; forcemeat; dressing.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mixture of oil and tallow used in softening
and dressing leather.</def>
<cs><col>Stuffing box</col>, <cd>a device for rendering a joint
impervious where there is a hole through which a movable
cylindrical body, as the paston rod of a steam engine, or the
plunger of a pump, slides back and forth, or in which a shaft
turns. It usually consists of a box or chamber, made by an
enlargement of part of the hole, forming a space around the rod
or shaft for containing packing which is compressed and made to
fill the space closely by means of a sleeve, called the
<xex>gland<xex>, which fits loosely around the rod, and is
pressed upon the packing by bolts or other means.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stuff"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Stout; mettlesome; resolute.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Jamieson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Angry and obstinate; sulky.</def> <mark>[U.
S.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ill-ventilated; close.</def>
<hw>Stuke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stucco.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stull</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF.
<er>Stum</er>.]</ety> <def>A framework of timber covered with
boards to support rubbish; also, a framework of boards to protect
miners from falling stones.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Stulm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>stollen</ets> a post, a stulm, E. <ets>stall</ets>,
<ets>stand</ets>.]</ety> <def>A shaft or gallery to drain a
mine.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Stulp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>st\'d3lpi</ets>, Dan., Sw., & OD. <ets>stolpe</ets>.]</ety>
<def>A short, stout post used for any purpose, a to mark a
boundary.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Stul`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of stultifying, or the state of being stultified.</def>
<hw>Stul"ti*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
stultifies.</def>
<hw>Stul"ti*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stultified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Stultifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>stultus</ets> foolish +
<ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make foolish; to make
a fool of; <as>as, to <ex>stultify</ex> one by imposition; to
<ex>stultify</ex> one's self by silly reasoning or
conduct</as>.</def>
<au>Burke.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To regard as a fool, or as foolish.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The modern sciolist <qex>stultifies</qex> all understanding
but his own, and that which he conceives like his own.</q>
<au>Hazlitt.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To allege or prove to be of
unsound mind, so that the performance of some act may be
avoided.</def>
<hw>Stul*til"o*quence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stultiloquentia</ets>; <ets>stultus</ets> foolish +
<ets>loquentia</ets> a talking, fr. <ets>loquens</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>loqui</ets> to talk.]</ety> <def>Silly talk; babbling.</def>
<hw>Stul*til"o*quent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
L. <ets>stultiloquus</ets>. See <er>Stultiloquence</er>.]</ety>
<def>Given to, or characterized by, silly talk; babbling.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Stul*til"o*quent*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Stul*til"o*quy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stultiloquium</ets>.]</ety> <def>Foolish talk; silly
discource; babbling.</def>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Stul"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stultus</ets> foolish.]</ety> <def>Foolish; silly.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Testament of Love.</au>
<hw>Stum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>stom</ets> must, new wort, properly, dumb; cf. F. <ets>vin
muet</ets> stum. Cf. <er>Stammer</er>, <er>Stoom</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Unfermented grape juice or wine, often used to
raise fermentation in dead or vapid wines; must.</def>
<q>Let our wines, without mixture of <qex>stum</qex>, be all
fine.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<q>And with thy <qex>stum</qex> ferment their fainting cause.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wine revived by new fermentation, reulting from
the admixture of must.</def>
<au>Hudibras.</au>
<hw>Stum</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stummed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stumming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To renew, as wine,
by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation.</def>
<q>We <qex>stum</qex> our wines to renew their spirits.</q>
<qau>Floyer.</qau>
<hw>Stum"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stumbled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Stumbling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stumblen</ets>,
<ets>stomblen</ets>; freq. of a word akin to E.
<ets>stammer</ets>. See <er>Stammer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To trip in walking or in moving in any way with the legs; to
strike the foot so as to fall, or to endanger a fall; to stagger
because of a false step.</def>
<q>There <qex>stumble</qex> steeds strong and down go all.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know at what they
<qex>stumble</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prov. iv. 19.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To walk in an unsteady or clumsy manner.</def>
<q>He <qex>stumbled</qex> up the dark avenue.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fall into a crime or an error; to err.</def>
<q>He that loveth his brother abideth in the light, and there is
none occasion og <qex>stumbling</qex> in him.</q>
<qau>1 John ii. 10.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To strike or happen (upon a person or thing)
without design; to fall or light by chance; -- with
<xex>on</xex>, <xex>upon</xex>, or <xex>against</xex>.</def>
<q>Ovid <qex>stumbled</qex>, by some inadvertency, upon Livia in
a bath.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Forth as she waddled in the brake,
A gray goose <qex>stumbled</qex> on a snake.</q>
<qau>C. Smart.</qau>
<hw>Stum"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
stumble or trip.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To mislead; to confound; to perplex; to
cause to err or to fall.</def>
<q>False and dazzling fires to <qex>stumble</qex> men.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>One thing more <qex>stumbles</qex> me in the very foundation
of this hypothesis.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<hw>Stum"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A trip in
walking or running.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A blunder; a failure; a fall from
rectitude.</def>
<q>One <qex>stumble</qex> is enough to deface the character of an
honorable life.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<hw>Stum"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
stumbles.</def>
<hw>Stum"bling-block`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any
cause of stumbling, perplexity, or error.</def>
<q>We preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a
<qex>stumbling-block</qex>, and unto the Greeks foolishness.</q>
<qau>1 Cor. i. 23.</qau>
<hw>Stum"bling*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
stumbling manner.</def>
<hw>Stum"bling-stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
stumbling-block.</def>
<q>This <qex>stumbling-stone</qex> we hope to take away.</q>
<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>
<hw>Stump</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stumpe</ets>, <ets>stompe</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>stomp</ets>, G. <ets>stumpf</ets>, Icel. <ets>stumpr</ets>,
Dan. & Sw. <ets>stump</ets>, and perhaps also to E.
<ets>stamp</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The part of a tree or
plant remaining in the earth after the stem or trunk is cut off;
the stub.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The part of a limb or other body remaining after
a part is amputated or destroyed; a fixed or rooted remnant; a
stub; <as>as, the <ex>stump</ex> of a leg, a finger, a tooth, or
a broom</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The legs; <as>as, to stir one's
<ex>stumps</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>One of the three pointed
rods stuck in the ground to form a wicket and support the
bails.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A short, thick roll of leather or paper, cut to
a point, or any similar implement, used to rub down the lines of
a crayon or pencil drawing, in shading it, or for shading
drawings by producing tints and gradations from crayon, etc., in
powder.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A pin in a tumbler lock which forms an
obstruction to throwing the bolt, except when the gates of the
tumblers are properly arranged, as by the key; a fence; also, a
pin or projection in a lock to form a guide for a movable
piece.</def>
<cs><col>Leg stump</col> <fld>(Cricket)</fld>, <cd>the stump
nearest to the batsman.</cd> -- <col>Off stump</col>
<fld>(Cricket)</fld>, <cd>the stump farthest from the
batsman.</cd> -- <col>Stump tracery</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>,
<cd>a term used to describe late German Gothic tracery, in which
the molded bar seems to pass through itself in its convolutions,
and is then cut off short, so that a section of the molding is
seen at the end of each similar stump.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To go
on the stump</col>, <or/ <col>To take the stump</col></mcol>,
<cd>to engage in making public addresses for electioneering
purposes; -- a phrase derived from the practice of using a stump
for a speaker's platform in newly-settled districts. Hence also
the phrases <xex>stump orator<xex>, <xex>stump speaker<xex>,
<xex>stump speech<xex>, <xex>stump oratory<xex>, etc.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark></cs><-- on the stump -- campaigning
for public office -->
<hw>Stump</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stumped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Stumping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut
off a part of; to reduce to a stump; to lop.</def>
<q>Around the <qex>stumped</qex> top soft moss did grow.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike, as the toes, against a stone or
something fixed; to stub.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To challenge; also, to nonplus.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To travel over, delivering speeches for
electioneering purposes; <as>as, to <ex>stump</ex> a State, or a
district</as>. See <cref>To go on the stump</cref>, under
<er>Stump</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To put (a
batsman) out of play by knocking off the bail, or knocking down
the stumps of the wicket he is defending while he is off his
allotted ground; -- sometimes with <xex>out</xex>.</def> <au>T.
Hughes</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To bowl down the stumps of, as, of
a wicket.</def>
<q>A herd of boys with clamor bowled,
And <qex>stumped</qex> the wicket.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<cs><col>To stump it</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go afoot; hence,
to run away; to escape</cd>. <mark>[Slang]</mark> <au>Ld.
Lytton</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To make electioneering
speeches.</cd> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Stump</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To walk clumsily, as if on
stumps.</def>
<cs><col>To stump up</col>, <cd>to pay cash.</cd> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark> <au>Halliwell.</au></cs>
<hw>Stump"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Timber in standing trees, -- often sold without the land at
a fixed price per tree or per stump, the stumps being counted
when the land is cleared.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<q>Only trees above a certain size are allowed to be cut by
loggers buying <qex>stumpage</qex> from the owners of land.</q>
<qau>C. S. Sargent.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tax on the amount of timber cut, regulated by
the price of lumber.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<au>The Nation.</au>
<hw>Stump"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who stumps.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A boastful person.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A puzzling or incredible story.</def>
<mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Stump"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state
of being stumpy.</def>
<hw>Stump"-tailed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
short, thick tail.</def>
<cs><col>Stump-tailed lizard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
singular Australian scincoid lizard (<spn>Trachydosaurus
rugosus</spn>) having a short, thick tail resembling its head in
form; -- called also <altname>sleeping
lizard</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Stump"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Full of stumps; hard; strong.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Short and thick; stubby.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>stumpy</xex> little man.\'b8
<au>J. C. Harris.</au>
<hw>Stun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stunned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stunning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>stonien</ets>,
<ets>stownien</ets>; either fr. AS. <ets>stunian</ets> to resound
(cf. D. <ets>stenen</ets> to groan, G. <ets>st\'94hnen</ets>,
Icel. <ets>stynja</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>stan</ets> to
thunder, and E. <ets>thunder</ets>), or from the same source as
E. <ets>astonish</ets>. \'fb168.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make
senseless or dizzy by violence; to render senseless by a blow, as
on the head.</def>
<q>One hung a poleax at his saddlebow,
And one a heavy mace to <qex>stun</qex> the foe.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dull or deaden the sensibility of; to
overcome; especially, to overpower one's sense of hearing.</def>
<q>And <qex>stunned</qex> him with the music of the spheres.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To astonish; to overpower; to bewilder.</def>
<q>William was quite <qex>stunned</qex> at my discourse.</q>
<qau>De Foe.</qau>
<hw>Stun</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition of being
stunned.</def>
<hw>Stung</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Sting</er>.</def>
<hw>Stunk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Stink</er>.</def>
<hw>Stun"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, stuns.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something striking or amazing in quality;
something of extraordinary excellence.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Stun"ning</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Overpowering consciousness; overpowering the senses;
especially, overpowering the sense of hearing; confounding with
noise.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Striking or overpowering with astonishment,
especially on account of excellence; <as>as, <ex>stunning</ex>
poetry</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark> <au>C. Kingsley</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Stun"ning*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<mark>[Slang]</mark></wordforms>
<hw>Stun"sail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>
<def>A contraction of <er>Studding sail</er>.</def>
<q>With every rag set, <qex>stunsails</qex>, sky scrapers and
all.</q>
<qau>Lowell.</qau>
<hw>Stunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stunted</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stunting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Stint</er>.]</ety>
<def>To hinder from growing to the natural size; to prevent the
growth of; to stint, to dwarf; <as>as, to <ex>stunt</ex> a child;
to <ex>stunt</ex> a plant</as>.</def>
<q>When, by a cold penury, I blast the abilities of a nation, and
<qex>stunt</qex> the growth of its active energies, the ill or
may do is beyond all calculation.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<hw>Stunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
check in growth; also, that which has been checked in growth; a
stunted animal or thing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: A whale two years old, which,
having been weaned, is lean, and yields but little blubber.</def>
<hw>Stunt"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dwarfed.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Stunt"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Stunt"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stuntedness;
brevity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Earle.</au>
<hw>\'d8Stu"pa</hw> <pr>(st<oomac/"p<adot/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Skr. <ets>st<umac/pa</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mound or monument
commemorative of Buddha.</def>
<hw>\'d8Stu"pa</hw> <pr>(st<umac/"p<adot/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See 1st
<er>Stupe</er>.</def>
<hw>Stupe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stupa</ets>, or better <ets>stuppa</ets>, tow. Cf.
<er>Stop</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Cloth or flax dipped in warm water or medicaments and
applied to a hurt or sore.</def>
<hw>Stupe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stuped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stuping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To foment with a stupe.</def>
<au>Wiseman.</au>
<hw>Stupe</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Stupid</er>.]</ety>
<def>A stupid person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Stu`pe*fa"cient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stupefaciens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>stupefacere</ets> to
stupefy; <ets>stupere</ets> to be stupefied + <ets>facere</ets>
to make. Cf. <er>Stupefy</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>stupifacient</asp>.]</altsp> <def>Producing stupefaction;
stupefactive.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Anything promoting stupefaction; a narcotic.</def></def2>
<hw>Stu`pe*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>stup\'82faction</ets>. See <er>Stupefacient</er>.]</ety>
<def>The act of stupefying, or the state of being
stupefied.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>stupifaction</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>Resistance of the dictates of conscience brings a hardness and
<qex>stupefaction</qex> upon it.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Stu`pe*fac"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>stup\'82factif</ets>, LL.
<ets>stupefactivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as
<er>Stupefacient</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>stupifactive</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Stu"pe*fied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having been
made stupid.</def>
<hw>Stu"pe*fied`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being
stupid.</def>
<hw>Stu"pe*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, stupefies; a stupefying agent.</def>
<hw>Stu"pe*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stupefied</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Stupefying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>stup\'82fier</ets>, fr.
L. <ets>stupere</ets> to be stupefied + <ets>ficare</ets> (in
comp.) to make, akin to <ets>facere</ets>. See <er>Stupid</er>,
<er>Fact</er>, and cf. <er>Stupefacient</er>.]</ety>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>stupify</asp>, especially in
England.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make stupid; to make dull;
to blunt the faculty of perception or understanding in; to
deprive of sensibility; to make torpid.</def><-- temporarily! as
by excessive dullness or repetition -->
<q>The fumes of drink discompose and <qex>stupefy</qex> the
brain.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deprive of material mobility.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>It is not malleable; but yet is not fluent, but
<qex>stupefied</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<hw>Stu*pen"dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stupendus</ets> astonishing, p. future pass. of
<ets>stupere</ets> to be astonished at. Cf.
<er>Stupid</er>.]</ety> <def>Astonishing; wonderful; amazing;
especially, astonishing in magnitude or elevation; <as>as, a
<ex>stupendous</ex> pile</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>stupendous</xex>
sum.\'b8
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<q>All are but parts of one <qex>stupendous</qex> whole.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Stu*pen"dous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Stu*pen"dous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Stu"pe*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stupa</ets>, or better <ets>stuppa</ets>, tow; cf. L.
<ets>stuppeus</ets> made of tow. Cf. <er>Stupose</er>.]</ety>
<def>Resembling tow; having long, loose scales, or matted
filaments, like tow; stupose.</def>
<hw>Stu"pid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stupidus</ets>, fr. <ets>stupere</ets> to be stupefied: cf.
F. <ets>stupide</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Very dull;
insensible; senseless; wanting in understanding; heavy; sluggish;
in a state of stupor; -- said of persons.</def>
<q>O that men . . . should be so <qex>stupid</qex> grown . . .
As to forsake the living God!</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>With wild surprise,
A moment <qex>stupid</qex>, motionless he stood.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resulting from, or evincing, stupidity; formed
without skill or genius; dull; heavy; -- said of things.</def>
<q>Observe what loads of <qex>stupid</qex> rhymes
Oppress us in corrupted times.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Simple; insensible; sluggish; senseless; doltish;
sottish; dull; heavy; clodpated.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Stu"pid*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
-- <wf>Stu"pid*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Stu*pid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stupiditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>stupidit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being stupid; extreme
dullness of perception or understanding; insensibility;
sluggishness.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stupor; astonishment; stupefaction.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>A <qex>stupidity</qex>
Past admiration strikes me, joined with fear.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<hw>Stu"pi*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Stupefy</er>.</def>
<hw>Stu"por</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., from
<ets>stupere</ets> to be struck senseless.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Great diminution or suspension of sensibility; suppression
of sense or feeling; lethargy.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Intellectual insensibility; moral stupidity;
heedlessness or inattention to one's interests.</def>
<hw>Stu*pose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stupa</ets>, or better <ets>stuppa</ets>, tow. Cf.
<er>Stupeous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Composed of, or
having, tufted or matted filaments like tow; stupeous.</def>
<hw>Stu"prate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stupratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>stuprare</ets> to ravish, fr.
<ets>stuprum</ets> defilement.]</ety> <def>To ravish; to
debauch.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Heywood.</au>
<hw>Stu*pra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Violation
of chastity by force; rape.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>\'d8Stu"prum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>Stupration.</def>
<hw>Sturb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
disturb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Stur"di*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
sturdy manner.</def>
<hw>Stur"di*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being
sturdy.</def>
<hw>Stur"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sturdier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sturdiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sturdi</ets> inconsiderable, OF. <ets>estourdi</ets>
stunned, giddy, thoughtless, rash, F. <ets>\'82tourdi</ets>, p.p.
of OF. <ets>estourdir</ets> to stun, to render giddy, to amaze,
F. <ets>\'82tourdir</ets>; of uncertain origin. The sense has
probably been influenced by E. <ets>stout</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn;
unrelenting; unfeeling; stern.</def>
<q>This <qex>sturdy</qex> marquis gan his hearte dress
To rue upon her wifely steadfastness.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>This must be done, and I would fain see
Mortal so <qex>sturdy</qex> as to gainsay.</q>
<qau>Hudibras.</qau>
<q>A <qex>sturdy</qex>, hardened sinner shall advance to the
utmost pitch of impiety with less reluctance than he took the
first steps.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding
quality; <as>as, a man of <ex>sturdy</ex> piety or
patriotism</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Characterized by physical strength or force;
strong; lusty; violent; <as>as, a <ex>sturdy</ex>
lout</as>.</def>
<q>How bowed the woods beneath their <qex>sturdy</qex>
stroke!</q>
<qau>Gray.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Stiff; stout; strong; <as>as, a <ex>sturdy</ex>
oak</as>.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather
<qex>sturdy</qex> than dainty.</q>
<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Hardy; stout; strong; firm; robust; stiff.</syn>
<-- p. 1431 -->
<hw>Stur"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>estourdi</ets> giddiness, stupefaction.]</ety>
<fld>(Vet.)</fld> <def>A disease in sheep and cattle, marked by
great nervousness, or by dullness and stupor.</def>
<hw>Stur"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>esturgeon</ets>, LL. <ets>sturio</ets>, <ets>sturgio</ets>,
OHG. <ets>sturjo</ets>, G. <ets>st\'94r</ets>; akin to AS.
<ets>styria</ets>, <ets>styriga</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of large
cartilaginous ganoid fishes belonging to <spn>Acipenser</spn> and
allied genera of the family <spn>Acipenserid\'91</spn>. They run
up rivers to spawn, and are common on the coasts and in the large
rivers and lakes of North America, Europe, and Asia. Caviare is
prepared from the roe, and isinglass from the air bladder.</def>
<note><hand/ The common North American species are <spn>Acipenser
sturio</spn> of the Atlantic coast region, <spn>A.
transmontanus</spn> of the Pacific coast, and <spn>A.
rubicundus</spn> of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. In
Europe, the common species is <spn>Acipenser sturio</spn>, and
other well-known species are the sterlet and the huso.
The sturgeons are included in the order Chondrostei. Their
body is partially covered by five rows of large, carinated, bony
plates, of which one row runs along the back. The tail is
heterocercal. The toothless and protrusile mouth is beneath the
head, and has four barbels in front.</note>
<cs><col>Shovel-nosed sturgeon</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Shovelnose</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Stu`ri*o"nes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from LL. <ets>sturio</ets>. See
<er>Sturgeon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of
fishes including the sturgeons.</def>
<hw>Stu`ri*o"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the family of fishes of which
the sturgeon is the type.</def>
<hw>Sturk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Stirk</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Stur"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sturnus</ets> a starling + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the
starlings.</def>
<hw>Sturt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Start</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To vex; to annoy; to
startle.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sturt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Disturbance;
annoyance; care.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Sturt</xex> and care.\'b8
<au>J. Rolland.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A bargain in tribute mining
by which the tributor profits.</def>
<au>Raymond.</au>
<hw>Stur"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A corruption
of <er>Nasturtion</er>.</def>
<hw>Stut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
stutter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Skelton.</au>
<hw>Stut"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Stuttered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stuttering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>stut</ets>,
OE. <ets>stoten</ets>; probably of Dutch or Low German origin;
cf. D. & LG. <ets>stotteren</ets>, G. <ets>stottern</ets>, D.
<ets>stooten</ets> to push, to strike; akin to G.
<ets>stossen</ets>, Icel. <ets>stauta</ets>, Sw.
<ets>st\'94ta</ets>, Dan. <ets>st\'94de</ets>, Goth.
<ets>stautan</ets>, L. <ets>tundere</ets>, Skr. <ets>tud</ets> to
thrust. Cf. <er>Contuse</er>, <er>Obtuse</er>.]</ety> <def>To
hesitate or stumble in uttering words; to speak with spasmodic
repetition or pauses; to stammer.</def>
<q>Trembling, <qex>stuttering</qex>, calling for his
confessor.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Stut"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
stuttering; a stammer. See <er>Stammer</er>, and
<er>Stuttering</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who stutters; a stammerer.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Stut"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
stutters; a stammerer.</def>
<hw>Stut"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of one who
stutters; -- restricted by some physiologists to defective speech
due to inability to form the proper sounds, the breathing being
normal, as distinguished from <xex>stammering</xex>.</def>
<hw>Stut"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Apt to stutter;
hesitating; stammering.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Stut"ter*ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sties</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>stigh</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[AS. <ets>stigu</ets>, fr.
<ets>st\'c6gan</ets> to rise; originally, probably, a place into
which animals climbed or went up. \'fb164. See <er>Sty</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf. <er>Steward</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A pen or inclosure for swine.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place of bestial debauchery.</def>
<q>To roll with pleasure in a sensual <qex>sty</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sty</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Stied</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Stying</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To shut up in, or
as in, a sty.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sty</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>stien</ets>,
<ets>sti<?/en</ets>, AS. <ets>st\'c6gan</ets> to rise; akin to D.
<ets>stijgen</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>st\'c6gan</ets>, G.
<ets>steigen</ets>, Icel. <ets>st\'c6ga</ets>, Sw.
<ets>stiga</ets>, Dan. <ets>stige</ets>, Goth.
<ets>steigan</ets>, L. <ets>vestigium</ets> footstep, Gr. <?/ to
walk, to go, Skr. <ets>stigh</ets> to mount. Cf.
<er>Distich</er>, <er>Stair</er> steps, <er>Stirrup</er>,
<er>Sty</er> a boil, a pen for swine, <er>Vestige</er>.]</ety>
<def>To soar; to ascend; to mount. See <er>Stirrup</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>With bolder wing shall dare aloft to <qex>sty</qex>,
To the last praises of this Faery Queene.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Sty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For older <ets>styan</ets>,
<ets>styanye</ets>, understood as <ets>sty on eye</ets>, AS.
<ets>st\'c6gend</ets> (sc. <ets>e\'a0ge</ets> eye), properly,
rising, or swelling (eye), p.p. of <ets>st\'c6gan</ets> to rise.
See <er>Sty</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>An inflamed swelling or boil on the edge of the
eyelid.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>stye</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sty"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sty</er>, a boil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>De quincey.</au>
<hw>Sty"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL., fr. AS.
<ets>stic</ets>, <ets>styc</ets>, <ets>stycge</ets>.]</ety>
<def>An anglo-Saxon copper coin of the lowest value, being worth
half a farthing.</def>
<au>S. M. Leake.</au>
<hw>Sty"cer*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sty</ets>ryl + gly<ets>cerin</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A triacid alcohol, related to glycerin,
and obtained from certain styryl derivatives as a yellow, gummy,
amorphous substance; -- called also <altname>phenyl
glycerin</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stye</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Sty</er>, a boil.</def>
<hw>Styg"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Stygian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Skelton.</au>
<hw>Styg"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Stygius</ets>, fr. <ets>Styx</ets>, <ets>Stygis</ets>, Gr.
<?/, <?/, the Styx.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the river
Styx; hence, hellish; infernal. See <er>Styx</er>.</def>
<q>At that so sudden blaze, the <qex>Stygian</qex> throng
Bent their aspect.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sty`la*gal*ma"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ a column + <?/ an image.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<def>Performing the office of columns; <as>as, Atlantes and
Caryatides are <ex>stylagalmaic</ex> figures or
images</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>stylogalmaic</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sty"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Stilar</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sty*las"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
from Gr. <?/ pillar + <?/ star.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of delicate, usually pink,
calcareous hydroid corals of the genus
<spn>Stylaster</spn>.</def>
<hw>Style</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>stile</ets>, F. <ets>style</ets>, Of. also <ets>stile</ets>,
L. <ets>stilus</ets> a style or writing instrument, manner or
writing, mode of expression; probably for <ets>stiglus</ets>,
meaning, a pricking instrument, and akin to E. <ets>stick</ets>.
See <er>Stick</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Stiletto</er>.
The spelling with <ets>y</ets> is due to a supposed connection
with Gr. <?/ a pillar.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument used
by the ancients in writing on tablets covered with wax, having
one of its ends sharp, and the other blunt, and somewhat
expanded, for the purpose of making erasures by smoothing the
wax.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, anything resembling the ancient style in
shape or use.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pen; an author's pen.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sharp-pointed tool used in engraving; a
graver.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A kind of blunt-pointed surgical
instrument.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long, slender,
bristlelike process, as the anal <xex>styles</xex> of
insects.</def>
<sd>(e)</sd> <ety>[Perhaps fr. Gr. <?/ a pillar.]</ety> <def>The
pin, or gnomon, of a dial, the shadow of which indicates the
hour. See <er>Gnomon</er>.</def>
<sd>(f)</sd> <ety>[Probably fr. Gr. <?/ a pillar.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The elongated part of a pistil between the
ovary and the stigma. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Stamen</er>,
and of <er>Pistil</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Mode of expressing thought in language, whether
oral or written; especially, such use of language in the
expression of thought as exhibits the spirit and faculty of an
artist; choice or arrangement of words in discourse; rhetorical
expression.</def>
<q>High <qex>style</qex>, as when that men to kinges write.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q><qex>Style</qex> is the dress of thoughts.</q>
<qau>Chesterfield.</qau>
<q>Proper words in proper places make the true definition of
<qex>style</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<q>It is <qex>style</qex> alone by which posterity will judge of
a great work.</q>
<qau>I. Disraeli.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Mode of presentation, especially in music or any
of the fine arts; a characteristic of peculiar mode of developing
in idea or accomplishing a result.</def>
<q>The ornamental <qex>style</qex> also possesses its own
peculiar merit.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Reynolds.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Conformity to a recognized standard; manner
which is deemed elegant and appropriate, especially in social
demeanor; fashion.</def>
<q>According to the usual <qex>style</qex> of dedications.</q>
<qau>C. Middleton.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Mode or phrase by which anything is formally
designated; the title; the official designation of any important
body; mode of address; <as>as, the <ex>style</ex> of
Majesty</as>.</def>
<q>One <qex>style</qex> to a gracious benefactor, another to a
proud, insulting foe.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Chron.)</fld> <def>A mode of reckoning time,
with regard to the Julian and Gregorian calendars.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Style</xex> is <xex>Old</xex> or
<xex>New</xex>. The <xex>Old</xex> Style follows the Julian
manner of computing the months and days, or the calendar as
established by Julius C\'91sar, in which every fourth year
consists of 366 days, and the other years of 365 days. This is
about 11 minutes in a year too much. Pope Georgy XIII. reformed
the calendar by retrenching 10 days in October, 1582, in order to
bring back the vernal equinox to the same day as at the time of
the Council of Nice, <er>A</er>.<er>D</er>. 325. This reformation
was adopted by act of the British Parliament in 1751, by which
act 11 days in September, 1752, were retrenched, and the third
day was reckoned the fourteenth. This mode of reckoning is called
<xex>New</xex> Style, according to which every year divisible by
4, unless it is divisible by 100 without being divisible by 400,
has 366 days, and any other year 365 days.</note>
<cs><col>Style of court</col>, <cd>the practice or manner
observed by a court in its proceedings.</cd>
<au>Ayliffe.</au></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Diction; phraseology; manner; course; title. See
<er>Diction</er>.</syn>
<hw>Style</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Styled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Styling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To entitle; to term, name, or
call; to denominate.</def> \'bd<xex>Styled</xex> great
conquerors.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>How well his worth and brave adventures <qex>styled</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To call; name; denominate; designate; term;
characterize.</syn>
<hw>Sty"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., dim. of
<ets>style</ets>; cf. It. <ets>stiletto</ets>. See
<er>Stiletto</er>.]</ety> <def>A small poniard; a stiletto.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument
for examining wounds and fistulas, and for passing setons, and
the like; a probe, -- called also
<altname>specillum</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A stiff
wire, inserted in catheters or other tubular instruments to
maintain their shape and prevent clogging.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small, more or less
rigid, bristlelike organ; <as>as, the caudal <ex>stylets</ex> of
certain insects; the ventral <ex>stylets</ex> of certain
Infusoria</as>.</def>
<hw>Sty*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Style</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing one or more styles.</def>
<hw>Sty"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Style</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>styliforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of, or
resembling, a style, pin, or pen; styloid.</def>
<hw>Styl"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having style
or artistic quality; given to, or fond of, the display of style;
highly fashionable; modish; <as>as, a <ex>stylish</ex> dress,
house, manner</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Styl"ish*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Styl"ish*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Styl"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is a master or a
model of style, especially in writing or speaking; a critic of
style.</def>
<q>Distinguished as a <qex>stylist</qex>, for ease.</q>
<qau>Fitzed. Hall.</qau>
<hw>Sty*lis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to style in language.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Stylistic</xex> trifles.\'b8
<au>J. A. Symonds.</au>
<q>The great <qex>stylistic</qex> differences in the works
ascribed to him [Wyclif].</q>
<qau>G. P. Marsh.</qau>
<hw>Sty"lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr.
<?/ a pillar.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect
of anchorites in the early church, who lived on the tops of
pillars for the exercise of their patience; -- called also
<altname>pillarist</altname> and <altname>pillar
saint</altname>.</def><-- predursors of the flagpole-sitters! -->
<hw>Sty"lo-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form used in
anatomy to indicate <xex>connection with</xex>, or <xex>relation
to</xex>, <xex>the styloid process of the temporal bone</xex>;
<as>as, <ex>stylo</ex>hyal, <ex>stylo</ex>mastoid,
<ex>stylo</ex>maxillary</as>.</def>
<hw>Sty"lo*bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stylobates</ets>, <ets>stylobata</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ a
pillar + <?/ one that treads, fr. <?/ to go.]</ety>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The uninterrupted and continuous flat
band, coping, or pavement upon which the bases of a row of
columns are supported. See <er>Sub-base</er>.</def>
<hw>Sty`lo*glos"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stylo-</ets> + <ets>glossal</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to styloid process and
the tongue.</def>
<hw>Sty"lo*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
stylographic pen.</def>
<hw>Sty`lo*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to stylography; used in stylography;
<as>as, <ex>stylographic</ex> tablets</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or used in, stylographic pen;
<as>as, <ex>stylographic</ex> ink</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Stylographic pen</col>, <cd>a pen with a conical point
like that of a style, combined with a reservoir for supplying it
with ink.</cd> -- <col>Stylographic pencil</col>, <cd>a pencil
used in stylography.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sty`lo*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same
as <er>Stylographic</er>, 1.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sty`lo*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sty*log"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Style</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mode
of writing or tracing lines by means of a style on cards or
tablets.</def>
<hw>Sty`lo*hy"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Stylo-</ets> + the Gr. letter <?/.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A segment in the hyoidean arch between
the epihyal and tympanohyal.</def>
<hw>Sty`lo*hy"oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the styloid process
and the hyoid bone.</def>
<hw>Sty"loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Style</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>stylo\'8bde</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Styliform; <as>as, the <ex>styloid</ex> process</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the
styloid process.</def>
<cs><col>Styloid process</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a long and
slender process from the lower side of the temporal bone of man,
corresponding to the tympanohyal and stylohyal of other
animals.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sty`lo*mas"toid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the styloid and
mastoid processes of the temporal bone.</def>
<hw>Sty`lo*max"il*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the styloid process
and the maxilla.</def>
<hw>Sty*lom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
column + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for
measuring columns.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sty*lom"ma*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a pillar + <?/, <?/, the eye.]</ety>
<def>Same as <er>Stylommatophora</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ column + <?/ eye + <?/ to bear.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Pulmonata in which the
eyes are situated at the tips of the tentacles. It includes the
common land snails and slugs. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Snail</er>.</def>
<hw>Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to
Stylommatophora.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sty`lo*po"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Stylopodia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See
<er>Style</er>, and <er>Podium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>An expansion at the base of the style, as in umbelliferous
plants.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sty"lops</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/ a pillar + <?/, <?/, the eye.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of minute insects parasitic,
in their larval state, on bees and wasps. It is the typical genus
of the group Strepsiptera, formerly considered a distinct order,
but now generally referred to the Coleoptera. See
<er>Strepsiptera</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sty"lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stylus</ets>, or better <ets>stilus</ets>.]</ety> <def>An
instrument for writing. See <er>Style</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
1.</def>
<-- 2. <def>That needle-shaped part at the tip of the playing arm
of phonograph which sits in the groove of a phonograph record
while it is turning, to detect the undulations in the phonograph
groove and convert them into vibrations which are transmitted to
a system (since 1920 electronic) which converts the signal into
sound; also called <altname>needle.</altname> The stylus is
frequently composed of metal or diamond.</def>
3. <def>The needle-like device used to cut the grooves which
record the sound on the original disc during recording of a
phonograph record.</def>
4. (Computers) <def>A pen-shaped pointing device used to
specify the cursor position on a graphics tablet.</def>
-->
<hw>Styph"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of styphnic acid.</def>
<hw>Styph"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
(spurious) <grk>sty`fein</grk> to contract.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow
crystalline astringent acid, <chform>(NO2)3.C6H.(OH)2</chform>,
obtained by the action of nitric acid on resorcin. <xex>Styphnic
acid</xex> resembles picric acid, but is not bitter. It acts like
a strong dibasic acid, having a series of well defined
salts.</def>
<hw>Styp"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>stypticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to contract.]</ety>
<def>Producing contraction; stopping bleeding; having the quality
of restraining hemorrhage when applied to the bleeding part;
astringent.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>stiptic</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Styptic weed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American
leguminous herb (<spn>Cassia occidentalis</spn>) closely related
to the wild senna.</cd></cs>
<hw>Styp"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A styptic
medicine.</def>
<hw>Styp"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Styptic;
astringent.</def>
<hw>Styp*tic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>stypticit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of
being styptic; astringency.</def>
<hw>Styr"a*cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Styrax</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white
crystalline tasteless substance extracted from gum storax, and
consisting of a salt of cinnamic acid with cinnamic
alcohol.</def>
<hw>Sty"rax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>styrax</ets>, <ets>storax</ets>, Gr. <?/. See
<er>Storax</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
genus of shrubs and trees, mostly American or Asiatic, abounding
in resinous and aromatic substances. <spn>Styrax
officinalis</spn> yields storax, and <spn>S. Benzoin</spn> yields
benzoin.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Storax</er>.</def>
<hw>Sty"rol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Styr</ets>ax + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Styrolene</er>.</def>
<hw>Sty"ro*lene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An unsaturated hydrocarbon,
<chform>C8H8</chform>, obtained by the distillation of storax, by
the decomposition of cinnamic acid, and by the condensation of
acetylene, as a fragrant, aromatic, mobile liquid; -- called also
<altname>phenyl ethylene</altname>, <altname>vinyl
benzene</altname>, <altname>styrol</altname>,
<altname>styrene</altname>, and
<altname>cinnamene</altname>.</def><-- most commonly, styrene -->
<hw>Sty"rone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A white crystalline substance having a sweet taste and a
hyacinthlike odor, obtained by the decomposition of styracin; --
properly called <altname>cinnamic, <or/ styryl,
alcohol</altname>.</def>
<-- p. 1432 -->
<hw>Sty"ryl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Styr</ets>ax + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical found in certain
derivatives of styrolene and cinnamic acid; -- called also
<altname>cinnyl</altname>, or <altname>cinnamyl</altname>.</def>
<hw>Stythe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>
<def>Choke damp.</def>
<hw>Styth"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Stithy</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Styx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The principal river of
the lower world, which had to be crossed in passing to the
regions of the dead.</def>
<hw>Su`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Liability to be sued; the state of being
subjected by law to civil process.</def>
<hw>Su"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>Capable of being sued; subject by law to be called to answer
in court.</def>
<au>Story.</au>
<hw>Suade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suadere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To persuade.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Suad"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suadibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suasible.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif (James iii. 17).</au>
<hw>Suage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
assuage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Su"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Sue</er> to pursue.]</ety> <def>Spread equally over the
surface; uniform; even.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>suent</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Local, U.S. & Prov.
Eng.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Su"ant*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<mark>[Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.]</mark></wordforms>
<hw>Sua"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suadere</ets>, <ets>suasum</ets>, to persuade.]</ety>
<def>Capable of being persuaded; easily persuaded.</def>
<hw>Sua"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suasio</ets>, fr. <ets>suadere</ets>, <ets>suasum</ets>, to
advise, persuade, fr. <ets>suadus</ets> persuading, persuasive;
akin to <ets>suavis</ets> sweet: cf. OF. <ets>suasion</ets>. See
<er>Suave</er>, and cf. <er>Dissuade</er>,
<er>Persuade</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of persuading; persuasion;
<as>as, moral <ex>suasion</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sua"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having power
to persuade; persuasive; suasory.</def> <au>South</au>.
\'bdGenial and <xex>suasive</xex> satire.\'b8 <au>Earle</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Sua"sive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sua"so*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suasorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>suasoire</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Tending to persuade; suasive.</def>
<hw>Suave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suavis</ets> sweet, pleasant: cf. F. <ets>suave</ets>. See
<er>Sweet</er>, and cf. <er>Suasion</er>.]</ety> <def>Sweet;
pleasant; delightful; gracious or agreeable in manner;
bland.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Suave"ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Suav"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suavified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Suavifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Suave</ets> +
<ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make affable or suave.</def>
<hw>Sua*vil"o*quent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suaviloquens</ets>; <ets>suavis</ets> sweet +
<ets>loquens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety>
<def>Sweetly speaking; using agreeable speech.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sua*vil"o*quy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suaviloquium</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sweetness of speech.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Suav"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suavitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>suavit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Sweetness to the taste.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality of being sweet or pleasing to the
mind; agreeableness; softness; pleasantness; gentleness;
urbanity; <as>as, <ex>suavity</ex> of manners; <ex>suavity</ex>
of language, conversation, or address</as>.</def>
<au>Glanvill.</au>
<hw>Sub-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>sub</ets> under, below;
akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>upa</ets> to, on, under, over. Cf.
<er>Hypo-</er>, <er>Super-</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A prefix
signifying <xex>under</xex>, <xex>below</xex>,
<xex>beneath</xex>, and hence often, <xex>in an inferior
position</xex> or <xex>degree</xex>, <xex>in an imperfect</xex>
or <xex>partial state</xex>, as in <xex>sub</xex>scribe,
<xex>sub</xex>struct, <xex>sub</xex>serve, <xex>sub</xex>ject,
<xex>sub</xex>ordinate, <xex>sub</xex>acid,
<xex>sub</xex>astringent, <xex>sub</xex>granular,
<xex>sub</xex>orn. <xex>Sub-</xex> in Latin compounds often
becomes <xex>sum-</xex> before <xex>m</xex>, <xex>sur</xex>
before <xex>r</xex>, and regularly becomes <xex>suc-</xex>,
<xex>suf-</xex>, <xex>sug-</xex>, and <xex>sup-</xex> before
<xex>c</xex>, <xex>f</xex>, <xex>g</xex>, and <xex>p</xex>
respectively. Before <xex>c</xex>, <xex>p</xex>, and <xex>t</xex>
it sometimes takes form <xex>sus-</xex> (by the dropping of
<xex>b</xex> from a collateral form, <xex>subs-</xex>).</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix denoting that the
ingredient (of a compound) signified by the term to which it is
prefixed,is present in <xex>only a small proportion</xex>, or
<xex>less than the normal amount</xex>; <as>as,
<ex>sub</ex>sulphide, <ex>sub</ex>oxide, etc.</as> Prefixed to
the name of a salt it is equivalent to <xex>basic</xex>; <as>as,
<ex>sub</ex>acetate or <ex>basic</ex> acetate</as>.</def>
<mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>
<hw>Sub</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A subordinate; a
subaltern.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*ac"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subacidus</ets>. See <er>Sub-</er>, <er>Acid</er>.]</ety>
<def>Moderately acid or sour; <as>as, some plants have
<ex>subacid</ex> juices</as>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
substance moderately acid.</def></def2>
<hw>Sub*ac"rid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moderalely
acrid or harsh.</def>
<hw>Sub`a*cro"mi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated beneath the acromial process of
the scapula.</def>
<hw>Sub*act"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subactus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>subigere</ets> to subdue;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>agere</ets> to lead, bring.]</ety>
<def>To reduce; to subdue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sub*ac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>subactio</ets> a working up, discipline.]</ety> <def>The act
of reducing to any state, as of mixing two bodies
combletely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sub`a*cute"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moderalely
acute.</def>
<hw>Sub`a*dun"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Somewhat hooked or curved.</def>
<hw>Sub*ad"vo*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An under
or subordinate advocate.</def>
<hw>Sub`a*\'89"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Beneath the sky; in the open air; specifically
<fld>(Geol.)</fld>, taking place on the earth's surface, as
opposed to <xex>subaqueous</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sub*a"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
subordinate agency.</def>
<hw>Sub*a"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>A person employed by an agent to transact the whole, or a
part, of the business intrusted to the latter.</def>
<au>Bouvier. Chitty.</au>
<hw>Sub*ag`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subagitatio</ets>, fr. <ets>subagitare</ets> to lie with
illicity.]</ety> <def>Unlawful sexual intercourse.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Su"bash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per. &
Hinf. <ets>s<?/bah</ets>.]</ety> <def>A province; a government,
as of a viceroy; also, a subahdar.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>
<hw>Su"bash*dar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per. &
Hinf. <ets>s<?/bah-d\'ber</ets>, Per. <ets>s<?/bah</ets> a
province + <ets>d\'ber</ets> holding, keeping.]</ety> <def>A
viceroy; a governor of a subah; also, a native captain in the
British native army.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su"bash*dar`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Su"bash*ship</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office or
jurisdiction of a subahdar.</def>
<hw>Sub*aid"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To aid
secretly; to assist in a private manner, or indirectly.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Daniel.</au>
<hw>Sub*al"mon*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An under
almoner.</def>
<hw>Sub*al"pine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subalpinus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Inhabiting the somewhat high slopes and summits of
mountains, but considerably below the snow line.</def>
<hw>Sub*al"tern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>subalterne</ets>, LL. <ets>subalternus</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>alter</ets> the one, the other of
two. See <er>Alter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ranked or ranged
below; subordinate; inferior; specifically <fld>(Mil.)</fld>,
ranking as a junior officer; being below the rank of captain;
<as>as, a <ex>subaltern</ex> officer</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Asserting only a part of what
is asserted in a related proposition.</def>
<cs><col>Subaltern genus</col>. <fld>(Logic)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Genus</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sub*al"tern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A person holding a subordinate position; specifically, a
commissioned military officer below the rank of captain.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A subaltern
proposition.</def>
<au>Whately.</au>
<hw>Sub`al*ter"nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A universal proposition. See
<er>Subaltern</er>, 2.</def>
<au>Whately.</au>
<hw>Sub`al*ter"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Succeeding by turns; successive.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Subordinate; subaltern; inferior.</def>
<q>All their <qex>subalternate</qex> and several kinds.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<hw>Sub`al*ter"nate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A
particular proposition, as opposed to a universal one. See
<er>Subaltern</er>, 2.</def>
<hw>Sub*al"ter*na`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Subalternate; successive.</def>
<hw>Sub*al"ter*na`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
state of being subalternate; succession of turns;
subordination.</def>
<hw>Sub*an"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slightly
angular.</def>
<hw>Sub*ap"en*nine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Under,
or at the foot of, the Apennine mountains; -- applied, in
geology, to a series of Tertiary strata of the older Pliocene
period.</def>
<hw>Sub*ap"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being
under the apex; of or pertaining to the part just below the
apex.</def>
<hw>Sub`a*qua"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subaquaneus</ets>; <ets>sub + aqua</ets> water.]</ety>
<def>Subaqueous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub`a*quat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub*a"que*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Being under water, or beneath the surface of
water; adapted for use under water; submarine; <as>as, a
<ex>subaqueous</ex> helmet</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Formed in or under water;
<as>as, <ex>subaqueous</ex> deposits</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub`a*rach"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub*ar`ach*noid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the arachnoid
membrane.</def>
<hw>Sub*arc"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Approximately arctic; belonging to a region just without the
arctic circle.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*ar"cu*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub*ar"cu*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Having a figure resembling that of a bow; somewhat curved or
arched.</def>
<hw>Sub`ar*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub-</ets> + L. <ets>arra</ets>, <ets>arrha</ets>, earnest
money. See <er>Earnest</er> a pledge.]</ety> <def>The ancient
custom of betrothing by the bestowal, on the part of the man, of
marriage gifts or tokens, as money, rings, or other presents,
upon the woman.</def>
<hw>Sub`a*ryt"e*noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the arytenoid cartilage of
the larynx.</def>
<hw>Sub*as"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Beneath the
stars or heavens; terrestrial.</def>
<au>Bp. Warburton.</au>
<hw>Sub`as*trin"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Somewhat astringent.</def>
<hw>Sub*at"om</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A hypothetical component of a chemical atom, on the theory
that the elements themselves are complex substances; -- called
also <altname>atomicule</altname>.</def>
<-- Add subatomic particles -- protons, neutrons, gluons, quarks,
etc. -->
<hw>Sub*aud"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subaudire</ets>, <ets>subauditum</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under
+ <ets>audire</ets> to hear.]</ety> <def>To understand or supply
in an ellipsis.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub`au*di"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subauditio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of understanding, or
supplying, something not expressed; also, that which is so
understood or supplied.</def>
<au>Trench.</au>
<hw>Sub*ax"il*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the axilla, or
armpit.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Placed under the axil, or
angle formed by the branch of a plant with the stem, or a leaf
with the branch.</def>
<hw>Sub*ba"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Near the base.</def>
<hw>Sub"-base`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The lowest member of a base when divided
horizontally, or of a baseboard, pedestal, or the like.</def>
<hw>Sub"-bass`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The
deepest pedal stop, or the lowest tones of an organ; the
fundamental or ground bass.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sub-base</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Ayliffe.</au>
<hw>Sub*bea"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An under
beadle.</def>
<hw>Sub*brach"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to the subbrachians.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sub*brach`i*a"les</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Sub-</er>, and <er>Brachial</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of soft-finned fishes in
which the ventral fins are situated beneath the pectorial fins,
or nearly so.</def>
<hw>Sub*brach"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub-</ets> + <ets>brachium</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Subbrachiales.</def>
<hw>Sub"breed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A race or strain differing in certain
characters from the parent breed; an incipient breed.</def>
<hw>Sub*bron"chi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or on the ventral side
of, the bronchi; <as>as, the <ex>subbronchial</ex> air sacs of
birds</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*cal"i*ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Smaller
than the caliber of a firearm.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>subcalibre</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Subcaliber projectile</col>, <cd>a projectile having a
smaller diameter than the caliber of the arm from which it is
fired, and to which it is fitted by means of a sabot.</cd>
<au>Knight.</au></cs>
<hw>Sub*car`bon*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lowest division
of the Carboniferous formations underlying the proper coal
measures. It was a marine formation characterized in general by
beds of limestone.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The
Subcarboniferous period or formation.</def></def2>
<hw>Sub*car"bu*ret`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>United with, or containing, carbon in
less than the normal proportion.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>subcarburetted</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*car`ti*lag"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Situated under or beneath a
cartilage or cartilages.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Partially
cartilaginous.</def>
<hw>Sub*cau"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or on the ventral side
of, the tail; <as>as, the <ex>subcaudal</ex>, or chevron,
bones</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub`ce*les"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being
beneath the heavens; <as>as, <ex>subcelestial</ex>
glories</as>.</def>
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Sub*cen"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Under the center.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Nearly central; not quite central.</def>
<hw>Sub*chant"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An underchanter; a precentor's deputy in
a cathedral; a succentor.</def>
<hw>Sub*cir"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nearly
circular.</def>
<hw>Sub"class`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
natural groups, more important than an order, into which some
classes are divided; <as>as, the angiospermous <ex>subclass</ex>
of exogens</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*cla"vi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub-</ets> + L. <ets>clavis</ets> a key. See
<er>Clavicle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under
the clavicle, or collar bone; <as>as, the <ex>subclavian</ex>
arteries</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub`co*lum"nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Having an imperfect or interrupted
columnar structure.</def>
<hw>Sub`com*mit"tee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
under committee; a part or division of a committee.</def>
<q>Yet by their sequestrators and <qex>subcommittees</qex> abroad
. . . those orders were commonly disobeyed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sub`com*pressed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not
fully compressed; partially or somewhat compressed.</def>
<hw>Sub*con"cave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slightly
concave.</def>
<au>Owen.</au>
<hw>Sub`con*form"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Partially conformable.</def>
<hw>Sub*con"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slightly
conical.</def>
<hw>Sub*con`junc*ti"val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the conjunctiva.</def>
<hw>Sub*con"scious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Occurring without the possibility or the fact of an
attendant consciousness; -- said of states of the soul.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Partially conscious; feebly conscious.</def>
<hw>Sub*con`stel*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A subordinate constellation.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sub*con"tract</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
contract under, or subordinate to, a previous contract.</def>
<hw>Sub`con*tract"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Contracted after a former contract.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Betrothed for the second time.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sub`con*tract"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who takes a portion of a contract, as for work, from the
principal contractor.</def>
<hw>Sub*con"tra*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Contrary in an inferior degree.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Having, or being in, a
contrary order; -- said of a section of an oblique cone having a
circular base made by a plane not parallel to the base, but so
inclined to the axis that the section is a circle; applied also
to two similar triangles when so placed as to have a common angle
at the vertex, the opposite sides not being parallel.</def>
<au>Brande & C.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Denoting the relation of
opposition between the <xex>particular affirmative</xex> and
<xex>particular negative</xex>. Of these both may be true and
only one can be false.</def>
<hw>Sub*con"tra*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Subcontraries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Logic)</fld>
<def>A subcontrary proposition; a proposition inferior or
contrary in a lower degree.</def>
<hw>Sub*cor"a*coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the coracoid process of
the scapula; <as>as, the <ex>subcoracoid</ex> dislocation of the
humerus</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*cor"date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
cordate; somewhat like a heart in shape.</def>
<hw>Sub*cor"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Situated under a horny part
or layer.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Partially horny.</def>
<hw>Sub*cos"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat. &
Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated below the costas, or ribs; <as>as,
the <ex>subcostal</ex> muscles</as>.</def>
<note><hand/ The <xex>subcostal</xex> muscles are distinct from,
and within, the <xex>intercostal</xex>.</note>
<hw>Sub*cos"tal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A subcostal muscle.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the principal
nervures of the wings of an insect. It is situated next beneath
or behind the costal. See <er>Nervure</er>.</def>
<hw>Sub*cra"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or on the ventral side
of, the cranium; facial.</def>
<hw>Sub`crus*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Occurring beneath a crust or scab; <as>as, a
<ex>subcrustaceous</ex> cicatrization</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*crys"tal*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Imperfectly crystallized.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*cul"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub*cul"tra*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a form resembling that of a
colter, or straight on one side and curved on the other.</def>
<hw>Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Situated under the skin; hypodermic.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<cs><col>Subcutaneous operation</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>an
operation performed without opening that part of the skin
opposite to, or over, the internal section.</cd></cs>
<-- subcutaneous injection, (Med) an injection method in which
the injected liquid is delivered directly under the skin, as
contrasted with intramuscular or intravenous injection. Also
called subdermal injection. -->
<hw>Sub`cu*tic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the cuticle, or
scarfskin.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub`cy*lin"dric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub`cy*lin"dric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Imperfectly cylindrical; approximately cylindrical.</def>
<hw>Sub*dea"con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub-</ets> + <ets>deacon</ets>: cf. L.
<ets>subdiaconus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One
belonging to an order in the Roman Catholic Church, next interior
to the order of deacons; also, a member of a minor order in the
Greek Church.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*dea"con*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub*dea"con*ship</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The order or office of subdeacon.</def>
<hw>Sub"dean`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub-</ets> + <ets>dean</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sousdoyen</ets>.]</ety> <def>An under dean; the deputy or
substitute of a dean.</def>
<au>Ayliffe.</au>
<hw>Sub*dean"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Office or
rank of subdean.</def>
<hw>Sub*dec"a*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a subdean or subdeanery.</def>
<hw>Sub*dec"u*ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Containing one part of ten.</def>
<hw>Sub*del"e*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
subordinate delegate, or one with inferior powers.</def>
<hw>Sub*del"e*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
appoint to act as subdelegate, or as a subordinate; to
depete.</def>
<hw>Sub*dent"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Indented
beneath.</def>
<hw>Sub`de*part"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
subordinate department; a bureau. See the Note under
<er>Bureau</er>.</def>
<-- p. 1433 -->
<hw>Sub`de*pos"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That
which is deposited beneath something else.</def>
<hw>Sub`der*i*so"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>sub-</ets> + L. <ets>derisorius</ets>. See
<er>Derisory</er>.]</ety> <def>Ridiculing with moderation.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Sub`de*riv"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
word derived from a derivative, and not directly from the root;
<as>as, \'bdfriendliness\'b8 is a <ex>subderivative</ex>, being
derived from \'bdfriendly\'b8, which is in turn a derivative from
\'bdfriend.\'b8</as></def>
<hw>Sub`di*ac"o*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a subdeacon, or to the office or rank of a
subdeacon.</def>
<hw>Sub`di*ac"o*nate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office or rank
of a subdeacon.</def>
<hw>Sub*di"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subdialis</ets> in the open air.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to the open air; being under the open sky.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>N. Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sub*di"a*lect</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
subordinate dialect.</def>
<hw>Sub`di*chot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
subordinate, or inferior, division into parts; a
subdivision.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Many <qex>subdichatomies</qex> of petty schisms.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sub`di*lat"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Partially
dilated.</def>
<hw>Sub`di*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subdititius</ets>, <ets>subditicius</ets>, fr.
<ets>subdere</ets> to substitute.]</ety> <def>Put secretly in the
place of something else; foisted in.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub`di*ver"si*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
diversify aggain what is already diversified.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>
<hw>Sub`di*vide"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subdivided</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Subdividing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>subdividere</ets>, <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>dividere</ets> to divide. See <er>Divide</er>.]</ety>
<def>To divide the parts of (anything) into more parts; to part
into smaller divisions; to divide again, as what has already been
divided.</def>
<q>The progenies of Cham and Japhet swarmed into colonies, and
those colonies were <qex>subdivided</qex> into many others.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sub`di*vide"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be, or to become,
subdivided.</def>
<hw>Sub`di*vine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Partaking
of divinity; divine in a partial or lower degree.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sub`di*vis"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Susceptible of subdivision.</def>
<hw>Sub`di*vi"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subdivisio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>subdivision</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of subdividing, or separating a part
into smaller parts.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A part of a thing made by subdividing.</def>
<q>In the decimal table, the <qex>subdivision</qex> of the cubit,
as span, palm, and digit, are deduced from the shorter cubit.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<hw>Sub"do*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subdolus</ets>, <ets>sub + dolus</ets> deceit.]</ety>
<def>Sly; crafty; cunning; artful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*dom"i*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The fourth tone above, or fifth below, the
tonic; -- so called as being under the dominant.</def>
<hw>Sub*du"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Able to be
subdued.</def>
<hw>Sub*du"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of
subduing.</def>
<au>Bp. Warburton.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*duce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sub*duct"</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subducere</ets>, <ets>subductum</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under
+ <ets>ducere</ets> to lead, to draw. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf.
<er>Subdue</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To withdraw; to take
away.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To subtract by arithmetical operation; to
deduct.</def>
<q>If, out of that infinite multitude of antecedent generations,
we should <qex>subduce</qex> ten.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>
<hw>Sub*duc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subductio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
subducting or taking away.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Arithmetical subtraction.</def>
<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>
<hw>Sub*due"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subdued</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Subduing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>soduen</ets>, OF.
<ets>sosduire</ets> to seduce, L. <ets>subtus</ets> below (fr.
<ets>sub</ets> under) + <ets>ducere</ets> to lead. See
<er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Subduct</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To bring under; to conquer by force or the exertion of
superior power, and bring into permanent subjection; to reduce
under dominion; to vanquish.</def>
<q>I will <qex>subdue</qex> all thine enemies.</q>
<qau>1 Chron. xvii. 10.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To overpower so as to disable from further
resistance; to crush.</def>
<q>Nothing could have <qex>subdued</qex> nature
To such a lowness, but his unkind daughters.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>If aught . . . were worthy to <qex>subdue</qex>
The soul of man.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To destroy the force of; to overcome; <as>as,
medicines <ex>subdue</ex> a fever</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To render submissive; to bring under command; to
reduce to mildness or obedience; to tame; <as>as, to
<ex>subdue</ex> a stubborn child; to <ex>subdue</ex> the temper
or passions</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To overcome, as by persuasion or other mild
means; <as>as, to <ex>subdue</ex> opposition by argument or
entreaties</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To reduce to tenderness; to melt; to soften;
<as>as, to <ex>subdue</ex> ferocity by tears</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To make mellow; to break, as land; also, to
destroy, as weeds.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To reduce the intensity or degree of; to tone
down; to soften; <as>as, to <ex>subdue</ex> the brilliancy of
colors</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To conquer; overpower; overcome; surmount; vanquish.
See <er>Conquer</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sub*dued"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Conquered; overpowered; crushed; submissive; mild.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not glaring in color; soft in tone.</def>
<hw>Sub*due"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Subdual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sub*du"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, subdues; a conqueror.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sub*dul"cid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub</ets> + L. <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet.]</ety> <def>Somewhat
sweet; sweetish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub"du*ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Indicating one part of two; in the ratio
of one to two.</def>
<cs><col>Subduple ratio</col>, <cd>the ratio of 1 to 2: thus, 3:6
is a <xex>subduple ratio<xex>, as 6:3 is a <xex>duple
ratio<xex>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sub*du"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Expressed by the square root; -- said of
ratios.</def>
<cs><col>Subduplicate ratio</col>, <cd>the ratio of the square
roots, or the square root of a ratio; thus, the <xex>subduplicate
ratio<xex> of <it>a<it> to <it>b<it> is \'fb<it>a<it> to
\'fb<it>b<it>, or
\'fb<fract><it>a</it>/<it>b</it></fract>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sub*du"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the dura mater, or between
the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane.</def>
<hw>Sub*ed"i*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
assistant editor, as of a periodical or journal.</def>
<hw>Sub`e*lon"gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not
fully elongated; somewhat elongated.</def>
<hw>Sub*en`do*car"di*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the endocardium.</def>
<hw>Sub*en"dy*mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub + endyma</ets>.]</ety> <def>Situated under the
endyma.</def>
<hw>Sub*ep`i*der"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Situated immediately below the epidermis.</def>
<hw>Sub*ep`i*glot"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the epiglottis.</def>
<hw>Sub*ep`i*the"li*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the epithelium.</def>
<hw>Sub*e"qual</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nearly
equal.</def>
<hw>Su"ber*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sub\'82rate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of
suberic acid.</def>
<hw>Su*be"re*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subereus</ets> of the cork tree.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to cork; of the nature of cork; suberose.</def>
<hw>Su*ber"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suber</ets> the cork tree: cf. F.
<ets>sub\'82reque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to cork; specifically, designating an acid,
C<?/H<?/.(CO<?/H)<?/, homologous with oxalic acid, and obtained
from cork and certain fatty oils, as a white crystalline
substance.</def>
<hw>Su"ber*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suber</ets> the cork tree: cf. F.
<ets>sub\'82rine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A material
found in the cell walls of cork. It is a modification of
lignin.</def>
<hw>Su"ber*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suber</ets> the cork tree.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any sponge of the genus <spn>Suberites</spn> and allied
genera. These sponges have a fine and compact texture, and
contain minute siliceous spicules.</def>
<hw>Su"ber*one</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hypothetical ketone of
suberic acid.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A colorless liquid,
analogous suberone proper, having a pleasant peppermint odor. It
is obtained by the distillation of calcium suberate.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su"ber*ose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Su"ber*ous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>suber</ets> the
cork tree: cf. F. <ets>sub\'82reux</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a corky texture.</def>
<hw>Sub*e`so*phag"e*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated beneath the esophagus.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>sub\'d2sophageal</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Subesophageal ganglion</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>a large special ganglion situated beneath the esophagus of
arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sub*fam"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the subdivisions, of more
importance than genus, into which certain families are
divided.</def>
<hw>Sub*fi"brous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
fibrous.</def>
<hw>Sub*fus"cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subfuscus</ets>, <ets>suffuscus</ets>. See <er>Sub-</er>,
and <er>Fuscous</er>.]</ety> <def>Duskish; moderately dark;
brownish; tawny.</def>
<hw>Sub*fusk"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Subfuscous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Tatler.</au>
<hw>Sub`ge*lat"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Imperfectly or partially gelatinous.</def>
<hw>Sub`ge*ner"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a subgenus.</def>
<hw>Sub*ge"nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Subgenera</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>
<def>A subdivision of a genus, comprising one or more species
which differ from other species of the genus in some important
character or characters; <as>as, the azaleas now constitute a
<ex>subgenus</ex> of Rhododendron</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*gla"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
or belonging to the under side of a glacier; being beneath a
glacier; <as>as, <ex>subglacial</ex> streams</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub`glo*bose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not quite
globose.</def>
<hw>Sub*glob"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nearly
globular.</def>
<hw>Sub*glos"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the tongue;
sublingual.</def>
<hw>Sub*glot"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated below the glottis; -- applied to
that part of the cavity of the larynx below the true vocal
cords.</def>
<hw>Sub`glu*ma"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Somewhat glumaceous.</def>
<hw>Sub*gov"ern*or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
subordinate or assistant governor.</def>
<hw>Sub*gran"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
granular.</def>
<hw>Sub"group`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of a group, as of
animals.</def>
<au>Darwin.</au>
<hw>Sub`has*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subhastatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A public sale or
auction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>
<hw>Sub`he*pat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or on the ventral side
of, the liver; -- applied to the interlobular branches of the
portal vein.</def>
<hw>Sub`horn*blend"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Containing hornblende in a scattered
state; of or relating to rocks containing disseminated
hornblende.</def>
<hw>Sub*hu"mer*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sub-</er>, <er>Humerus</er>.]</ety> <def>To place the
shoulders under; to bear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Nothing surer ties a friend than freely to
<qex>subhumerate</qex> the burden which was his.</q>
<qau>Feltham.</qau>
<hw>Sub*hy"a*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the hyaliod
membrane.</def>
<hw>Sub`hy*oid"e*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.
& Med.)</fld> <def>Situated or performed beneath the hyoid bone;
<as>as, <ex>subhyoidean</ex> laryngotomy</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sub`i*ma"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Sub-</er>, and <er>Imago</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stage in the development of certain
insects, such as the May flies, intermediate between the pupa and
imago. In this stage, the insect is able to fly, but subsequently
sheds a skin before becoming mature. Called also
<altname>pseudimago</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sub*in`cu*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>sub</ets> + L. <ets>incusatio</ets> accusation,
fr. <ets>incusare</ets> to accuse.]</ety> <def>A slight charge or
accusation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sub*in"dex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Subindices</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Math.)</fld>
<def>A number or mark placed opposite the lower part of a letter
or symbol to distinguish the symbol; <as>thus,
<it>a</it><subs>0</subs>, <it>b</it><subs>1</subs>,
<it>c</it><subs>2</subs>, <it>x</it><subs>n</subs>, have 0, 1, 2,
and <it>n</it> as <ex>subindices</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*in"di*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>sub + indicate</ets>: cf. L.
<ets>subindicare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To indicate by signs or
hints; to indicate imperfectly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Sub*in`di*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of indicating by signs; a slight indication.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>subindication</xex> and shadowing
of heavenly things.\'b8
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Sub*in`di*vid"u*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
division of that which is individual.</def>
<q>An individual can not branch itself into
<qex>subindividuals</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sub`in*duce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
insinuate; to offer indirectly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir E. Dering.</au>
<hw>Sub`ib*fer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To
infer from an inference already made.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sub*in`feu*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The granting of lands by
inferior lords to their dependents, to be held by themselves by
feudal tenure.</def> <au>Craig</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Subordinate tenancy; undertenancy.</def>
<q>The widow is immediate tenant to the heir, by a kind of
<qex>subinfeudation</qex>, or undertenancy.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<hw>Sub`in*gres"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Secret
entrance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Sub`in*tes"ti*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or on the ventral side
of, the intestine.</def>
<hw>Sub*in`vo*lu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Partial or incomplete involution; <as>as,
<ex>subinvolution</ex> of the uterus</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub`i*ta"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subitaneus</ets>. See <er>Sudden</er>.]</ety> <def>Sudden;
hasty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Bullokar</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Sub`i*ta"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>
<hw>Sub"i*ta*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Subitaneous; sudden; hasty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hales.</au>
<hw>\'d8Su"bi*to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[It. &
L.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In haste; quickly;
rapidly.</def>
<hw>Sub*ja"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subjacens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>subjacere</ets> to lie under;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>jacere</ets> to lie.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Lying under or below.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Being in a lower situation, though not directly
beneath; <as>as, hills and <ex>subjacent</ex> valleys</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*ject"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>suget</ets>, OF. <ets>souzget</ets>, <ets>sougit</ets> (in
which the first part is L. <ets>subtus</ets> below, fr.
<ets>sub</ets> under), <ets>subgiet</ets>, <ets>subject</ets>, F.
<ets>sujet</ets>, from L. <ets>subjectus</ets> lying under,
subjected, p.p. of <ets>subjicere</ets>, <ets>subicere</ets>, to
throw, lay, place, or bring under; <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>jacere</ets> to throw. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting
forth.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Placed or situated under; lying
below, or in a lower situation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Placed under the power of another; specifically
<fld>(International Law)</fld>, owing allegiance to a particular
sovereign or state; <as>as, Jamaica is <ex>subject</ex> to Great
Britain</as>.</def>
<q>Esau was never <qex>subject</qex> to Jacob.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Exposed; liable; prone; disposed; <as>as, a
country <ex>subject</ex> to extreme heat; men <ex>subject</ex> to
temptation.</as></def>
<q>All human things are <qex>subject</qex> to decay.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Obedient; submissive.</def>
<q>Put them in mind to be <qex>subject</qex> to
principalities.</q>
<qau>Titus iii. 1.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Liable; subordinate; inferior; obnoxious; exposed.
See <er>Liable</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sub*ject"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.
<ets>subjectus</ets>, through an old form of F. <ets>sujet</ets>.
See <er>Subject</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That
which is placed under the authority, dominion, control, or
influence of something else.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: One who is under the authority of
a ruler and is governed by his laws; one who owes allegiance to a
sovereign or a sovereign state; <as>as, a <ex>subject</ex> of
Queen Victoria; a British <ex>subject</ex>; a <ex>subject</ex> of
the United States.</as></def>
<q>Was never <qex>subject</qex> longed to be a king,
As I do long and wish to be a <qex>subject</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The <qex>subject</qex> must obey his prince, because God
commands it, human laws require it.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<note><hand/ In international law, the term <xex>subject</xex> is
convertible with <xex>citizen</xex>.</note>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is subjected, or submitted to, any
physical operation or process; specifically <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, a
dead body used for the purpose of dissection.</def>
<-- also, an animal or person which is studied in a scientific
experiment. -->
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which is brought under thought or
examination; that which is taken up for discussion, or concerning
which anything is said or done.</def> \'bdThis <xex>subject</xex>
for heroic song.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>Make choice of a <qex>subject</qex>, beautiful and noble,
which . . . shall afford an ample field of matter wherein to
expatiate.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The unhappy <qex>subject</qex> of these quarrels.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The person who is treated of; the hero of a
piece; the chief character.</def>
<q>Writers of particular lives . . . are apt to be prejudiced in
favor of their <qex>subject</qex>.</q>
<qau>C. Middleton.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Logic & Gram.)</fld> <def>That of which
anything is affirmed or predicated; the theme of a proposition or
discourse; that which is spoken of; <as>as, the nominative case
is the <ex>subject</ex> of the verb</as>.</def>
<q>The <qex>subject</qex> of a proposition is that concerning
which anything is affirmed or denied.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>That in which any quality, attribute, or
relation, whether spiritual or material, inheres, or to which any
of these appertain; substance; substratum.</def>
<q>That which manifests its qualities -- in other words, that in
which the appearing causes inhere, that to which they belong --
is called their <qex>subject</qex> or substance, or
substratum.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>Hence, that substance or being which is
conscious of its own operations; the mind; the thinking agent or
principal; the ego. Cf. <er>Object</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>
<q>The philosophers of mind have, in a manner, usurped and
appropriated this expression to themselves. Accordingly, in their
hands, the phrases <qex>conscious</qex> or <qex>thinking
subject</qex>, and <qex>subject</qex>, mean precisely the same
thing.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The principal theme, or
leading thought or phrase, on which a composition or a movement
is based.</def>
<q>The earliest known form of <qex>subject</qex> is the
ecclesiastical <qex>cantus firmus</qex>, or plain song.</q>
<qau>Rockstro.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The incident, scene,
figure, group, etc., which it is the aim of the artist to
represent.</def>
<hw>Sub*ject"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subjected</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Subjecting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring under
control, power, or dominion; to make subject; to subordinate; to
subdue.</def>
<q>Firmness of mind that <qex>subjects</qex> every gratification
of sense to the rule of right reason.</q>
<qau>C. Middleton.</qau>
<q>In one short view <qex>subjected</qex> to our eye,
Gods, emperors, heroes, sages, beauties, lie.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>He is the most <qex>subjected</qex>, the most <?/nslaved, who
is so in his understanding.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To expose; to make obnoxious or liable; <as>as,
credulity <ex>subjects</ex> a person to impositions</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To submit; to make accountable.</def>
<q>God is not bound to <qex>subject</qex> his ways of operation
to the scrutiny of our thoughts.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make subservient.</def>
<q><qex>Subjected</qex> to his service angel wings.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cause to undergo; <as>as, to <ex>subject</ex>
a substance to a white heat; to <ex>subject</ex> a person to a
rigid test</as>.</def>
<-- p. 1434 -->
<hw>Sub*ject"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Subjacent.</def> \'bdLed them direct . . . to the
<xex>subjected</xex> plain.\'b8 <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reduced to subjection; brought under the
dominion of another.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Exposed; liable; subject; obnoxious.</def>
<hw>Sub*jec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subjectio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>subjection</ets>, F.
<ets>subj\'82tion</ets>. See <er>Subject</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of subjecting, or
of bringing under the dominion of another; the act of
subduing.</def>
<q>The conquest of the kingdom, and <qex>subjection</qex> of the
rebels.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being subject, or under the power,
control, and government of another; a state of obedience or
submissiveness; <as>as, the safety of life, liberty, and property
depends on our <ex>subjection</ex> to the laws</as>.</def> \'bdTo
be bound under <xex>subjection</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Likewise, ye wives, be in <qex>subjection</qex> to your own
husbands.</q>
<qau>1 Peter iii. 1.</qau>
<q>Because the <qex>subjection</qex> of the body to the will is
by natural necessity, the <qex>subjection</qex> of the will unto
God voluntary, we stand in need of direction after what sort our
wills and desires may be rightly conformed to His.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<hw>Sub"ject*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>One skilled in subjective philosophy; a
subjectivist.</def>
<hw>Sub*jec"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subjectivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>subjectif</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a subject.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, pertaining to, or derived from,
one's own consciousness, in distinction from external
observation; ralating to the mind, or intellectual world, in
distinction from the outward or material excessively occupied
with, or brooding over, one's own internal states.</def>
<note><hand/ In the philosophy of the mind, <xex>subjective</xex>
denotes what is to be referred to the thinking subject, the
<xex>ego</xex>; <xex>objective</xex>, what belongs to the object
of thought, the <xex>non-ego</xex>. See <er>Objective</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>, 2.</note>
<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Lit. & Art)</fld> <def>Modified by, or making
prominent, the individuality of a writer or an artist; <as>as, a
<ex>subjective</ex> drama or painting; a <ex>subjective</ex>
writer</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Objective</er>.</syn>
<cs><col>Subjective sensation</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>,
<cd>one of the sensations occurring when stimuli due to internal
causes excite the nervous apparatus of the sense organs, as when
a person imagines he sees figures which have no objective
reality.</cd></cs>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sub*jec"tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sub*jec"tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sub*jec"tiv*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Any philosophical doctrine which refers
all knowledge to, and founds it upon, any subjective states;
egoism.</def>
<hw>Sub*jec"tiv*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>
<def>One who holds to subjectivism; an egoist.</def>
<hw>Sub`jec*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being subjective; character of the
subject.</def>
<hw>Sub"ject*less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no
subject.</def>
<hw>Sub"ject-mat`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
matter or thought presented for consideration in some statement
or discussion; that which is made the object of thought or
study.</def>
<q>As to the <qex>subject-matter</qex>, words are always to be
understood as having a regard thereto.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<q>As science makes progress in any <qex>subject-matter</qex>,
poetry recedes from it.</q>
<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>
<hw>Sub"ject*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being
subject.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*jic"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being subjected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Sub*join"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subjoined</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Subjoining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF.
<ets>subjoindre</ets>, L. <ets>subjungere</ets>. See
<er>Sub-</er>, and <er>Join</er>, and cf.
<er>Subjective</er>.]</ety> <def>To add after something else has
been said or written; to ANNEX; <as>as, to <ex>subjoin</ex> an
argument or reason</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To add; annex; join; unite.</syn>
<hw>Sub*join"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
additional remark.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sub ju"di*ce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L.]</ety>
<def>Before the judge, or court; not yet decided; under judicial
consideration.</def>
<hw>Sub"ju*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subjugated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Subjugating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>subjugatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>subjugare</ets> to subjugate;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>jugum</ets> a yoke. See
<er>Yoke</er>.]</ety> <def>To subdue, and bring under the yoke of
power or dominion; to conquer by force, and compel to submit to
the government or absolute control of another; to vanquish.</def>
<q>He <qex>subjugated</qex> a king, and called him his
\'bdvassal.\'b8</q>
<qau>Baker.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To conquer; subdue; overcome. See
<er>Conquer</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sub`ju*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>subjugation</ets>, LL. <ets>subjugatio</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The act of subjugating, or the state of being
subjugated.</def>
<hw>Sub"ju*ga`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who subjugates; a conqueror.</def>
<hw>Sub*junc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Subjunctive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of subjoining,
or state of being subjoined.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something subjoined; <as>as, a
<ex>subjunction</ex> to a sentence</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*junc"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subjunctivus</ets>, fr. <ets>subjungere</ets>,
<ets>subjunctum</ets>, to subjoin: cf. F. <ets>subjonctif</ets>.
See <er>Subjoin</er>.]</ety> <def>Subjoined or added to something
before said or written.</def>
<cs><col>Subjunctive mood</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>that form
of a verb which express the action or state not as a fact, but
only as a conception of the mind still contingent and dependent.
It is commonly subjoined, or added as subordinate, to some other
verb, and in English is often connected with it by <xex>if<xex>,
<xex>that<xex>, <xex>though<xex>, <xex>lest<xex>,
<xex>unless<xex>, <xex>except<xex>, <xex>until<xex>, etc., as in
the following sentence: \'bd<xex>If there were<xex> no honey,
they [bees] <xex>would have<xex> no object in visiting the
flower.\'b8 <au>Lubbock</au>. In some languages, as in Latin and
Greek, the subjunctive is often independent of any other verb,
being used in wishes, commands, exhortations, etc.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sub*junc"tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The
subjunctive mood; also, a verb in the subjunctive mood.</def>
<hw>Sub*king"dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
several primary divisions of either the animal, or vegetable
kingdom, as, in zo\'94logy, the Vertebrata, Tunicata, Mollusca,
Articulata, Molluscoidea, Echinodermata, C\'d2lentera, and the
Protozoa; in botany, the Phanerogamia, and the Cryptogamia.</def>
<hw>Sub`lap*sa"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & a.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>sub + lapse</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sublapsarien</ets>, <ets>sublapsarie</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Infralapsarian</er>.</def>
<hw>Sub`lap*sa"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Infralapsarianism.</def>
<hw>Sub*lap"sa*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sublapsarian.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>Sub"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From
<ets>sublatus</ets>, used as p.p. of <ets>tollere</ets> to take
away. See <er>Tolerate</er>.]</ety> <def>To take or carry away;
to remove.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>E. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sub*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sublatio</ets>, fr. <ets>sublatus</ets>, used as p.p. of
<ets>tollere</ets> to take away.]</ety> <def>The act of taking or
carrying away; removal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sub"la*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
power, or tending, to take away.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Harris.</au>
<hw>Sub"lease`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>A lease by a tenant or lessee to another person; an
underlease.</def>
<au>Bouvier.</au>
<hw>Sub`les*see"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A holder
of a sublease.</def>
<hw>Sub*let"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sublet</er>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Subletting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To
underlet; to lease, as when a lessee leases to another
person.</def>
<hw>Sub`le*va"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sublevare</ets> to lift up; <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>levare</ets> to lift, raise: cf. L. <ets>sublevatio</ets> an
allevation.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of raising on high;
elevation.</def>
<au>Sir T. More.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An uprising; an insurrection.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>
<hw>Sub`li*bra"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
under or assistant librarian.</def>
<hw>Sub`lieu*ten"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub + lieutenant</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sous-lieutenant</ets>.]</ety> <def>An inferior or second
lieutenant; in the British service, a commissioned officer of the
lowest rank.</def>
<hw>Sub`li*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subligatio</ets>, from <ets>subligare</ets> to bind below;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>ligare</ets> to bind.]</ety> <def>The
act of binding underneath.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*lim"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sublimable</ets>. See <er>Sublime</er>., <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Capable of being sublimed or
sublimated.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sub*lim"a*ble*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Sub"li*mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sublimated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sublimating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>sublimatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>sublimare</ets> to raise,
elevate, fr. <ets>sublimis</ets> high: cf. F.
<ets>sublimer</ets>. See <er>Sublime</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Surlime</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
bring by heat into the state of vapor, which, on cooling, returns
again to the solid state; <as>as, to <ex>sublimate</ex> sulphur
or camphor</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To refine and exalt; to heighten; to
elevate.</def>
<q>The precepts of Christianity are . . . so apt to cleanse and
<qex>sublimate</qex> the more gross and corrupt.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>
<hw>Sub"li*mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>sublimatum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A product
obtained by sublimation; hence, also, a purified product so
obtained.</def>
<cs><col>Corrosive sublimate</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See
under <er>Corrosive</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sub"li*mate</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>sublimatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Brought into a state of vapor
by heat, and again condensed as a solid.</def>
<hw>Sub"li*ma`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Refined
by, or as by, sublimation; exalted; purified.</def>
<q>[Words] whose weight best suits a <qex>sublimated</qex>
strain.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sub"li*ma`tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>sublimatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sublimation</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of
subliming, or the state or result of being sublimed.</def>
<-- the process of vaporizing a solid and recondensing it into a
solid, without it having first passed into the liquid state.
Certain solids, such as camphor, have a suffiently high vapor
pressure in the solid phase to make this a practical method for
purification. -->
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of heightening or improving; exaltation;
elevation; purification.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is sublimed; the product of a
purifying process.</def>
<q>Religion is the perfection, refinement, and
<qex>sublimation</qex> of morality.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Sub"li*ma*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Used
for sublimation; <as>as, <ex>sublimatory</ex> vessels</as>.</def>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Sub"li*ma*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vessel used for
sublimation.</def>
<q>Vials, crosslets, and <qex>sublimatories</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sub*lime"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sublimer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sublimest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>sublimis</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under + (perhaps) a word akin
to <ets>limen</ets> lintel, sill, thus meaning, up to the lintel:
cf. F. <ets>sublime</ets>. Cf. <er>Eliminate</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Lifted up; high in place; exalted aloft;
uplifted; lofty.</def>
<q><qex>Sublime</qex> on these a tower of steel is reared.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Distinguished by lofty or noble traits; eminent;
-- said of persons.</def> \'bdThe <xex>sublime</xex> Julian
leader.\'b8
<au>De Quincey.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Awakening or expressing the emotion of awe,
adoration, veneration, heroic resolve, etc.; dignified; grand;
solemn; stately; -- said of an impressive object in nature, of an
action, of a discourse, of a work of art, of a spectacle, etc.;
<as>as, <ex>sublime</ex> scenery; a <ex>sublime</ex>
deed</as>.</def>
<q>Easy in words thy style, in sense <qex>sublime</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<q>Know how <qex>sublime</qex> a thing it is
To suffer and be strong.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Elevated by joy; elate.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<q>Their hearts were jocund and <qex>sublime</qex>,
Drunk with idolatry, drunk with wine.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Lofty of mien; haughty; proud.</def>
<mark>[Poetic]</mark> \'bdCountenance <xex>sublime</xex> and
insolent.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>His fair, large front and eye <qex>sublime</qex> declared
Absolute rule.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Exalted; lofty; noble; majestic. See
<er>Grand</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sub*lime"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is sublime; --
with the definite article</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A grand or
lofty style in speaking or writing; a style that expresses lofty
conceptions.</def>
<q>The <qex>sublime</qex> rises from the nobleness of thoughts,
the magnificence of words, or the harmonious and lively turn of
the phrase.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>That which is grand in nature or art, as
distinguished from the merely beautiful.</def>
<hw>Sub*lime"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sublimed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Subliming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>sublimare</ets>, F. <ets>sublimer</ets> to subject to
sublimation. See <er>Sublime</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Sublimate</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
raise on high.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<q>A soul <qex>sublimed</qex> by an idea above the region of
vanity and conceit.</q>
<qau>E. P. Whipple.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To subject to the process of
sublimation; to heat, volatilize, and condense in crystals or
powder; to distill off, and condense in solid form; hence, also,
to purify.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To exalt; to heighten; to improve; to
purify.</def>
<q>The sun . . .
Which not alone the southern wit <qex>sublimes</qex>,
But ripens spirits in cold, northern climes.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To dignify; to ennoble.</def>
<q>An ordinary gift can not <qex>sublime</qex> a person to a
supernatural employment.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Sub*lime"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To pass off in vapor, with immediate
condensation; specifically, to evaporate or volatilize from the
solid state without apparent melting; -- said of those
substances, like arsenic, benzoic acid, etc., which do not
exhibit a liquid form on heating, except under increased
pressure.</def>
<hw>Sub*limed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having been subjected to the process of
sublimation; hence, also, purified.</def> \'bd<xex>Sublimed</xex>
mercurie.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sub*lime"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
sublime manner.</def>
<hw>Sub*lime"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state
of being sublime; sublimity.</def>
<hw>Sub*lim`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>sublimis</ets> sublime + <ets>-ficare</ets> to
make. See <er>-ry</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of making sublime, or
state of being made sublime.</def>
<hw>Sub*lim"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sublimities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>sublimitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sublimit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being sublime (in any
sense of the adjective).</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is sublime; <as>as, the
<ex>sublimities</ex> of nature</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Grandeur; magnificence.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Sublimity</er>, <er>Grandeur</er>. The mental state indicated
by these two words is the same, namely, a mingled emotion of
astonishment and awe. In speaking of the quality which produces
this emotion, we call it <xex>grandeur</xex> when it springs from
what is vast in space, power, etc.; we call it
<xex>sublimity</xex> when it springs from what is elevated far
above the ordinary incidents of humanity. An immense plain is
<xex>grand</xex>. The heavens are not only <xex>grand</xex>, but
<xex>sublime</xex> (as the predominating emotion), from their
immense height. Exalted intellect, and especially exalted virtue
under severe trials, give us the sense of moral
<xex>sublimity</xex>, as in the case of our Savior in his prayer
for his murderers. We do not speak of Satan, when standing by the
fiery gulf, with his \'bdunconquerable will and study of
revenge,\'b8 as a <xex>sublime</xex> object; but there is a
melancholy <xex>grandeur</xex> thrown around him, as of an
\'bdarchangel ruined.\'b8</usage>
<hw>Sub*lin`e*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mark
of a line or lines under a word in a sentence, or under another
line; underlining.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sub*lin"gua</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sublingu\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A process or fold below the tongue in
some animals.</def>
<hw>Sub*lin"gual</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub + lingual</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sublingual</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Situated under the tongue;
<as>as, the <ex>sublingual</ex> gland</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Of or pertaining to the sublingual gland; <as>as,
<ex>sublingual</ex> salvia</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*li"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sublinere</ets>, <ets>sublitum</ets>, to smear, to lay on as
a ground color.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The act or
process of laying the ground in a painting.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*lit"to*ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Under
the shore.</def>
<au>Smart.</au>
<hw>Sub*lob"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or at the bases of, the
lobules of the liver.</def>
<hw>Sub*lum"bar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or on the ventral side
of, the lumbar region of the vertebral column.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*lu"nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sub"lu*na*ry</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>sub +
lunar</ets>, or <ets>lunary</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sublunaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Situated beneath the moon;
hence, of or pertaining to this world; terrestrial;
earthly.</def>
<q>All things <qex>sublunary</qex> are subject to change.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>All <qex>sublunary</qex> comforts imitate the changeableness,
as well as feel the influence, of the planet they are under.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Sub"lu*na*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any worldly
thing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sub`lux*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub + luxation</ets>: cf. F. <ets>subluxation</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An incomplete or partial
dislocation.</def>
<hw>Sub*mam"ma*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Situated
under the mamm\'91; <as>as, <ex>submammary</ex>
inflammation</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub`ma*rine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being,
acting, or growing, under water in the sea; <as>as,
<ex>submarine</ex> navigators; <ex>submarine</ex>
plants</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Submarine armor</col>, <cd>a waterproof dress of strong
material, having a helmet into which air for breathing is pumped
through a tube leading from above the surface to enable a diver
to remain under water.</cd> -- <col>Submarine cable</col>.
<cd>See <cref>Telegraph cable</cref>, under
<er>Telegraph</er>.</cd> -- <col>Submarine mine</col>. <cd>See
<er>Torpedo</er>, 2 <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sub*ma*rine"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A submarine plant or
animal.</def>
<-- 2. A ship that can travel under the surface of the water.
Most such ships are ships of war, part of the navy. Also called
(from the German U-Boot) U-boat.
Nuclear submarine. A submarine powered by a nuclear reactor.
Attack submarine. A submarine designed to attack other ships,
including other submarines.
3. A stowaway on a seagoing vessel. [Colloq.] -->
<hw>Sub*mar"shal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An under
or deputy marshal.</def>
<hw>Sub*max"il*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Situated under the maxilla,
or lower jaw; inframaxillary; <as>as, the <ex>submaxillary</ex>
gland</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to
submaxillary gland; <as>as, <ex>submaxillary</ex>
salvia</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*me"di*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lying
under the middle.</def>
<hw>Sub*me"di*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Next to the median (on either side);
<as>as, the <ex>submedian</ex> teeth of mollusks</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*me"di*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The sixth tone of the scale; the under
mediant, or third below the keynote; the superdominant.</def>
<hw>Sub*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the chin; <as>as, the
<ex>submental</ex> artery</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*men"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Submenta</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See
<er>Sub-</er>, and <er>Mentum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The basal part of the labium of insects. It bears the
mentum.</def>
<hw>Sub*merge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Submerged</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Submerging</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>submergere</ets>,
<ets>submersum</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>mergere</ets>
to plunge: cf. F. <ets>submerger</ets>. See
<er>Merge</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put under water; to
plunge.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover or overflow with water; to inundate; to
flood; to drown.</def>
<q>I would thou didst,
So half my Egypt were <qex>submerged</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<-- p. 1435 -->
<hw>Sub*merge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To plunge
into water or other fluid; to be buried or covered, as by a
fluid; to be merged; hence, to be completely included.</def>
<q>Some say swallows <qex>submerge</qex> in ponds.</q>
<qau>Gent. Mag.</qau>
<hw>Sub*mer"gence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.
<ets>submergens</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>The act of submerging,
or the state of being submerged; submersion.</def>
<hw>Sub*merse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Submersed.</def>
<hw>Sub*mersed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>submersus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>submergere</ets>. See
<er>Submerge</er>.]</ety> <def>Being or growing under water, as
the leaves of aquatic plants.</def>
<hw>Sub*mer"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>submersio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>submersion</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of submerging, or putting under water or
other fluid, or of causing to be overflowed; the act of plunging
under water, or of drowning.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being put under water or other
fluid, or of being overflowed or drowned.</def>
<hw>Sub`me*tal"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Imperfectly metallic; <as>as, a <ex>submetallic</ex>
luster</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*min"is*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subministrare</ets>, <ets>subministratum</ets>. See
<er>Sub-</er>, and <er>Ministre</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<def>To supply; to afford.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>
<hw>Sub*min"is*ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be subservient;
to be useful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdOur passions . . .
<xex>subminister</xex> to the best and worst purposes.\'b8
<au>L'EStrange.</au>
<hw>Sub*min"is*trant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subministrans</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Subordinate;
subservient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sub*min"is*trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Subminister</er>.]</ety> <def>To supply; to afford;
to subminister.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Harvey.</au>
<hw>Sub*min`is*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subministratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
subministering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<hw>Sub*miss"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>submissus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>submittere</ets> to let down,
to lower. See <er>Submit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Submissive; humble; obsequious.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
\'bdSoft Silence and <xex>submiss</xex> Obedience.\'b8
<au>Spenser</au>. \'bdStooping and <xex>submiss</xex>.\'b8
<au>R. L. Stevenson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gentle; soft; calm; <as>as, <ex>submiss</ex>
voices</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*mis"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>submissio</ets> a letting down, lowering: cf. F.
<ets>soumission</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
submitting; the act of yielding to power or authority; surrender
of the person and power to the control or government of another;
obedience; compliance.</def>
<q><qex>Submission</qex>, dauphin! 't is a mere French word;
We English warrious wot not what it means.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being submissive; acknowledgement
of inferiority or dependence; humble or suppliant behavior;
meekness; resignation.</def>
<q>In all <qex>submission</qex> and humility
York doth present himself unto your highness.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>No duty in religion is more justly required by God . . . than
a perfect <qex>submission</qex> to his will in all things.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Acknowledgement of a fault; confession of
error.</def>
<q>Be not as extreme in <qex>submission</qex>
As in offense.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agreement by which parties
engage to submit any matter of controversy between them to the
decision of arbitrators.</def>
<au>Wharton (Law Dict.). Bouvier.</au>
<hw>Sub*mis"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Inclined or ready to submit; acknowledging one's
inferiority; yielding; obedient; humble.</def>
<q>Not at his feet <qex>submissive</qex> in distress,
Creature so fair his reconcilement seeking.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Showing a readiness to submit; expressing
submission; <as>as, a <ex>submissive</ex> demeanor</as>.</def>
<q>With a <qex>submissive</qex> step I hasted down.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Obedient; compliant; yielding; obsequious;
subservient; humble; modest; passive.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sub*mis"sive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sub*mis"sive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sub*miss"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
submissive manner; with a submission.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Sub*miss"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Submissiveness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*mit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Submitted</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Submitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>submittere</ets>;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>mittere</ets> to send: cf. F.
<ets>soumettre</ets>. See <er>Missile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To let down; to lower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Sometimes the hill <qex>submits</qex> itself a while.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put or place under.</def>
<q>The bristled throat
Of the <qex>submitted</qex> sacrifice with ruthless steel he
cut.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To yield, resign, or surrender to power, will,
or authority; -- often with the reflexive pronoun.</def>
<q>Ye ben <qex>submitted</qex> through your free assent.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>The angel of the Lord said unto her, Return to thy mistress,
and <qex>submit</qex> thyself under her hands.</q>
<qau>Gen. xvi. 9.</qau>
<q>Wives, <qex>submit</qex> yourselves unto your own
husbands.</q>
<qau>Eph. v. 22.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To leave or commit to the discretion or judgment
of another or others; to refer; <as>as, to <ex>submit</ex> a
controversy to arbitrators; to <ex>submit</ex> a question to the
court</as>; -- often followed by a dependent proposition as the
object.</def>
<q>Whether the condition of the clergy be able to bear a heavy
burden, is <qex>submitted</qex> to the house.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<q>We <qex>submit</qex> that a wooden spoon of our day would not
be justified in calling Galileo and Napier blockheads because
they never heard of the differential calculus.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<hw>Sub*mit"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To yield
one's person to the power of another; to give up resistance; to
surrender.</def>
<q>The revolted provinces presently <qex>submitted</qex>.</q>
<qau>C. Middleton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To yield one's opinion to the opinion of
authority of another; to be subject; to acquiesce.</def>
<q>To thy husband's will
Thine shall <qex>submit</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be submissive or resigned; to yield without
murmuring.</def>
<q>Our religion requires from us . . . to <qex>submit</qex> to
pain, disgrace, and even death.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>
<hw>Sub*mit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
submits.</def>
<au>Whitlock.</au>
<hw>Sub*mon"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>submonere</ets>. See <er>Summon</er>, and
<er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <def>To suggest; to prompt.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>submonishing</xex> inclinations of
my senses.\'b8
<au>T. Granger.</au>
<hw>Sub`mo*ni"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>submonitio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suggestion; prompting.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>T. Granger.</au>
<hw>Sub*mu"cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under a mucous membrane.</def>
<hw>Sub*mul"ti*ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A number or quality which is contained in
another an exact number of times, or is an aliquot part of it;
thus, 7 is the <xex>submultiple</xex> of 56, being contained in
it eight times.</def>
<hw>Sub*mul"ti*ple</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of
or pertaining to a submultiple; being a submultiple; <as>as, a
<ex>submultiple</ex> number; <ex>submultiple</ex>
ratio</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*mus"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Situated
underneath a muscle or muscles.</def>
<hw>Sub`nar*cot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Moderately narcotic.</def>
<hw>Sub*na"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the nose; <as>as, the
<ex>subnasal</ex> point, or the middle point of the inferior
border of the anterior nasal aperture</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*nas"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subnascens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>subnasci</ets> to grow
under; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>nasci</ets> to be born.]</ety>
<def>Growing underneath.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<hw>Sub*nect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subnectere</ets>, <ets>subnextum</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under
+ <ets>nectere</ets> to tie.]</ety> <def>To tie or fasten
beneath; to join beneath.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Pope.</au>
<hw>Sub*nex"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Subnect</er>.]</ety> <def>To subjoin; to subnect.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Sub*nor"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>That part of the axis of a curved line
which is intercepted between the ordinate and the normal.</def>
<hw>Sub`no*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subnotatio</ets> a signing underneath, fr.
<ets>subnotare</ets> to subscribe; <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>notare</ets> to note or mark.]</ety> <def>A rescript.</def>
<au>Bouvier.</au>
<hw>Sub*no`to*chor"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated on the ventral side of the
notochord; <as>as, the <ex>subnotochordal</ex> rod</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*nu"vo*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub</ets> + It. <ets>nuvola</ets> cloud: cf. L.
<ets>subnubilus</ets> somewhat cloudy.]</ety> <def>Under the
clouds; attended or partly covered or obscured by clouds;
somewhat cloudy.</def> <mark>[R. & Poetic]</mark>
<q><qex>Subnuvolar</qex> lights of evening sharply slant.</q>
<qau>Milnes.</qau>
<hw>Sub`ob*scure"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Somewhat obscurely or darkly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Donne.</au>
<hw>Sub`ob*tuse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Partially
obtuse.</def>
<hw>Sub`oc*cip"i*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or posterior to, the
occiput; <as>as, the <ex>suboccipital</ex>, or first cervical,
nerve</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*oc"tave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sub*oc"tu*ple</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing one part of
eight; having the ratio of one to eight.</def>
<au>Bp. Wilkins.</au>
<hw>Sub*oc"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub + ocular</ets>: cf. L. <ets>subocularis</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or on the ventral side
of, the eye.</def>
<hw>Sub*of"fi*cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub + officer</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sous-officer</ets>.]</ety>
<def>An under or subordinate officer.</def>
<hw>Sub`o*per"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated below the operculum; pertaining
to the suboperculum.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The
suboperculum.</def></def2>
<hw>Sub`o*per"cu*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Sub-</er>, <er>Operculum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>The lower opercular bone in fishes.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub`or*bic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub`or*bic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Almost orbiculate or orbicular.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*or"bit*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub*or"bit*ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under or below the orbit.</def>
<hw>Sub*or"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Nat.
Hist.)</fld> <def>A division of an order; a group of genera of a
little lower rank than an order and of greater importance than a
tribe or family; <as>as, cichoraceous plants form a
<ex>suborder</ex> of Composit\'91</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*or"di*na*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Subordinate</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being
subordinate, or subject to control; subordination, <as>as, to
bring the imagination to act in <ex>subordinacy</ex> to
reason</as>.</def>
<au>Spectator.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*or"di*nance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub*or"di*nan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>sub</ets> + L. <ets>ordinans</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>ordinare</ets>. See <er>Subordinate</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Subordinacy; subordination.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More. Sir W. Temple.</au>
<hw>Sub*or"di*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of several heraldic bearings somewhat
less common than an ordinary. See <er>Ordinary</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ Different writers name different bearings as
subordinaries, but the <xex>bar</xex>, <xex>bend</xex>,
<xex>sinister</xex>, <xex>pile</xex>, <xex>inescutcheon
bordure</xex>, <xex>gyron</xex>, and <xex>quarter</xex>, are
always considered subordinaries by those who do not class them as
ordinaries.</note>
<hw>Sub*or"di*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub</ets> + L. <ets>ordinatus</ets>, p.p. of
<ets>ordinare</ets> to set in order, to arrange. See
<er>Ordain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Placed in a lower order,
class, or rank; holding a lower or inferior position.</def>
<q>The several kinds and <qex>subordinate</qex> species of each
are easily distinguished.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inferior in order, nature, dignity, power,
importance, or the like.</def>
<q>It was <qex>subordinate</qex>, not enslaved, to the
understanding.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Sub*or"di*nate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who stands in
order or rank below another; -- distinguished from a
<xex>principal</xex>.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sub*or"di*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subordinated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Subordinating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To place in
a lower order or class; to make or consider as of less value or
importance; <as>as, to <ex>subordinate</ex> one creature to
another</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make subject; to subject or subdue; <as>as,
to <ex>subordinate</ex> the passions to reason</as>.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sub*or"di*nate*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sub*or"di*nate*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sub*or`di*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>subordination</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
subordinating, placing in a lower order, or subjecting.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being subordinate or
inferior to an other; inferiority of rank or dignity;
subjection.</def>
<q>Natural creature having a local <qex>subordination</qex>.</q>
<qau>Holyday.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Place of inferior rank.</def>
<q>Persons who in their several <qex>subordinations</qex> would
be obliged to follow the example of their superiors.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<hw>Sub*or"di*na*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Tending to subordinate; expressing subordination; used to
introduce a subordinate sentence; <as>as, a
<ex>subordinative</ex> conjunction</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*orn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suborned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suborning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>suborner</ets>, L.
<ets>subornare</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under, secretly +
<ets>ornare</ets> to furnish, provide, equip, adorn. See
<er>Ornament</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To
procure or cause to take a false oath amounting to perjury, such
oath being actually taken.</def>
<au>Sir W. O. Russell.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To procure privately, or by collusion; to
procure by indirect means; to incite secretly; to
instigate.</def>
<q>Thou art <qex>suborned</qex> against his honor.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Those who by despair <qex>suborn</qex> their death.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sub`or*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>subornation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>The act of suborning; the crime of procuring a person to
take such a false oath as constitutes perjury.</def>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sin or offense of procuring one to do a
criminal or bad action, as by bribes or persuasion.</def>
<q>Foul <qex>subornation</qex> is predominant.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The sort of chicanery attending the <qex>subornation</qex> of
managers in the Leibnitz controversy.</q>
<qau>De Quinsey.</qau>
<hw>Sub*orn"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
suborns or procures another to take, a false oath; one who
procures another to do a bad action.</def>
<hw>Sub*o"val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
oval; nearly oval.</def>
<hw>Sub*o"vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nearly in
the form of an egg, or of the section of an egg, but having the
inferior extremity broadest; nearly ovate.</def>
<hw>Sub*o"va*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Subovate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*ox"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide containing a relatively small
amount of oxygen, and less than the normal proportion; <as>as,
potassium <ex>suboxide</ex>, <chform>K4O</chform></as>.</def>
<hw>Sub`pe*dun"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated beneath the peduncle; <as>as,
the <ex>subpeduncular</ex> lobe of the cerebellum</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub`pe*dun"cu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Supported on, or growing from,
a very short stem; having a short peduncle.</def>
<hw>Sub`pel*lu"cid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
pellucid; nearly pellucid.</def>
<hw>Sub*pe"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v. t.</pos> <def>See
<er>Subp\'d2na</er>.</def>
<hw>Sub`pen*tan"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Nearly or approximately pentangular; almost
pentangular.</def>
<hw>Sub*per`i*car"di*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the cardiac
pericardium.</def>
<hw>Sub*per`i*os"te*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the periosteum.</def>
<cs><col>Subperiosteal operation</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a
removal of bone effected without taking away the
periosteum.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sub*per`i*to"ne*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the peritoneal
membrane.</def>
<hw>Sub*pet"i*o*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Concealed within the base of the petiole,
as the leaf buds of the plane tree.</def>
<hw>Sub*pleu"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the pleural
membrane.</def>
<hw>Sub*pod`o*phyl"lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the podophyllous tissue of
the horse's foot.</def>
<hw>Sub*p\'d2"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
L. <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>poena</ets> punishment. See
<er>Pain</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ commanding the
attendance in court, as a witness, of the person on whom it is
served, under a penalty; the process by which a defendant in
equity is commanded to appear and answer the plaintiff's
bill.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>subpena</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>\'d8Subp\'d2na ad testificandum</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <cd>A writ used to procure the attendance of a
witness for the purpose of testifying.</cd> --
<col>\'d8Subp\'d2na duces tecum</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <cd>A writ which requires a witness to attend
and bring certain documents.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sub*p\'d2"na</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &
p. p.</pos> <er>Subp\'d2naed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Subp\'d2naing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>To serve with a writ of subp\'d2na; to command attendance in
court by a legal writ, under a penalty in case of
disobedience.</def>
<hw>Sub*p\'d2"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Required
or done under penalty.</def>
<au>Gauden.</au>
<hw>Sub*po"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Situated
below the poles.</def>
<hw>Sub`po*lyg"o*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Approximately polygonal; somewhat or almost polygonal.</def>
<hw>Sub`pre*hen"sile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Somewhat prehensile; prehensile in an inferior degree.</def>
<hw>Sub*pri"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub + prior</ets>: cf. F. <ets>sous-prieur</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The vicegerent of a prior; a claustral
officer who assists the prior.</def>
<hw>Sub*pu"bic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or posterior to, the
pubic bones.</def>
<hw>Sub*pul"mo*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or on the ventral side
of, the lungs.</def>
<hw>Sub*pur"chas*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
purchaser who buys from a purchaser; one who buys at second
hand.</def>
<hw>Sub*pyr"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
pyriform.</def>
<hw>Sub*quad"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nearly or
approximately square; almost square.</def>
<hw>Sub*quad"ru*ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Containing one part of four; in the ratio of one to four;
<as>as, <ex>subquadruple</ex> proportion</as>.</def>
<au>Bp. Wilkins.</au>
<hw>Sub*quin"que*fid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Almost
quinquefid; nearly quinquefid.</def>
<hw>Sub*quin"tu*ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the ratio of one to five; <as>as, <ex>subquintuple</ex>
proportion</as>.</def>
<au>Bp. Wilkins.</au>
<hw>Sub*read"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>An under reader in the inns of court, who reads the texts of
law the reader is to discourse upon.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<au>Crabb.</au>
<hw>Sub*rec"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
assistant restor.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sub`re*li"gion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
secondary religion; a belief or principle held in a quasi
religious veneration.</def>
<q>Loyalty is in the English a <qex>subreligion</qex>.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Sub*rep"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subreptio</ets>, fr. <ets>subripere</ets>,
<ets>subreptum</ets>, to snatch or take away secretly: cf. F.
<ets>subreption</ets>. See <er>Surreptitious</er>.]</ety>
<def>The act of obtaining a favor by surprise, or by unfair
representation through suppression or fraudulent concealment of
facts.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sub`rep*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subreptitius</ets>. See <er>Surreptitious</er>.]</ety>
<def>Surreptitious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --
<wordforms><wf>Sub`rep*ti"tious*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>adv.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>
<-- p. 1436 -->
<hw>Sub*rep"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subreptivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Surreptitious.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*rig"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
rigid or stiff.</def>
<hw>Sub*rig"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subriguus</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>riguus</ets>
watered, akin to <ets>rigare</ets> to water.]</ety> <def>Watered
or wet beneath; well-watered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Blount.</au>
<hw>Sub"ro*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subrogatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>subrogare</ets>. See
<er>Surrogate</er>.]</ety> <def>To put in the place of another;
to substitute.</def>
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Sub`ro*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>subrogation</ets>, LL. <ets>subrogatio</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The act of subrogating.</def> Specifically: <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>The substitution of one person in the place of another as a
creditor, the new creditor succeeding to the rights of the
former; the mode by which a third person who pays a creditor
succeeds to his rights against the debtor.</def>
<au>Bouvier. Burrill. Abbott.</au>
<hw>Sub`ro*tund"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
rotund.</def>
<hw>Sub*sa"cral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or on the ventral side
of, the sacrum.</def>
<hw>Sub`sa*line"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moderately
saline or salt.</def>
<hw>Sub"salt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A basic salt. See the Note under <er>Salt</er>.</def>
<hw>Sub`san*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subsannatio</ets>, fr. <ets>subsannare</ets> to deride by
mimicking gestures.]</ety> <def>Derision; mockery.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*scap"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub*scap"u*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated beneath the scapula;
infrascapular; <as>as, the <ex>subscapular</ex>
muscle</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*scrib"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being subscribed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*scribe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subscribed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Subscribing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>subscribere</ets>, <ets>subscriptum</ets>; <ets>sub</ets>
under + <ets>scribere</ets> to write: cf. F.
<ets>souscrire</ets>. See <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To write underneath, as one's name; to sign (one's name) to
a document.</def>
<q>[They] <qex>subscribed</qex> their names under them.</q>
<qau>Sir T. More.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sign with one's own hand; to give consent to,
as something written, or to bind one's self to the terms of, by
writing one's name beneath; <as>as, parties <ex>subscribe</ex> a
covenant or contract; a man <ex>subscribes</ex> a
bond</as>.</def>
<q>All the bishops <qex>subscribed</qex> the sentence.</q>
<qau>Milman.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To attest by writing one's name beneath; <as>as,
officers <ex>subscribe</ex> their official acts, and secretaries
and clerks <ex>subscribe</ex> copies or records</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To promise to give, by writing one's name with
the amount; <as>as, each man <ex>subscribed</ex> ten
dollars</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To sign away; to yield; to surrender.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To declare over one's signature; to
publish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Either or must shortly hear from him, or I will
<qex>subscribe</qex> him a coward.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sub*scribe"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sign
one's name to a letter or other document.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give consent to something written, by signing
one's name; hence, to assent; to agree.</def>
<q>So spake, so wished, much humbled Eve; but Fate
<qex>Subscribed</qex> not.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To become surely; -- with <xex>for</xex>.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To yield; to admit one's self to be inferior or
in the wrong.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>I will <qex>subscribe</qex>, and say I wronged the duke.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To set one's name to a paper in token of promise
to give a certain sum.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To enter one's name for a newspaper, a book,
etc.</def>
<hw>Sub*scrib"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who subscribes; one who contributes to an undertaking by
subscribing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who enters his name for a paper, book, map,
or the like.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Sub"script</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subscriptus</ets>, p.p. See <er>Subscribe</er>.]</ety>
<def>Written below or underneath; <as>as, iota
<ex>subscript</ex></as>. (See under <er>Iota</er>.) Specifically
<fld>(Math.)</fld>, said of marks, figures, or letters
(suffixes), written below and usually to the right of other
letters to distinguish them; <as>as, <it>a</it>, <it>n</it>, 2,
in the symbols <ex>X<subs>a</subs></ex>,
<ex>A<subs>n</subs></ex>, <ex>Y<subs>2</subs></ex></as>. See
<er>Suffix</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2, and <er>Subindex</er>.</def>
<hw>Sub"script</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything written
below.</def>
<au>Bentley.</au>
<hw>Sub*scrip"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subscriptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>souscription</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of subscribing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is subscribed.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A paper to which a signature is attached.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The signature attached to a paper.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Consent or attestation by underwriting the
name.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Sum subscribed; amount of sums
subscribed; <as>as, an individual <ex>subscription</ex> to a
fund</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The acceptance of articles,
or other tests tending to promote uniformity; esp. <fld>(Ch. of
Eng.)</fld>, formal assent to the Thirty-nine Articles and the
Book of Common Prayer, required before ordination.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Submission; obedience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>You owe me no <qex>subscription</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Pharm.)</fld> <def>That part of a prescription
which contains the direction to the apothecary.</def>
<-- 6. <def>A method of purchasing items produced periodically in
a series, as newspapers or magazines, in which a certain number
of the items are delivered as produced, without need for ordering
each item individually; also, the purchase thus executed.</def>
<note>The right to attend a series of public performances of
ballet, opera, or music are also often sold by subscription. The
payment for a subscription may be made prior to delivery of any
items (common with magazines and performances), or after a
certain number of the items have been delivered (common with
newspapers or works of art produced in a series).</note>
7. An application to purchase a certain number of securities
to be delivered when they are newly issued. -->
<hw>Sub*scrip"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a subscription, or signature.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>subscriptive</xex> part.\'b8 <au>Richardson</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Sub*scrip"tive*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sub"se*cute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subsecutus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>subsequi</ets>. See
<er>Subsequent</er>.]</ety> <def>To follow closely, or so as to
overtake; to pursue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To follow and detain him, if by any possibility he could be
<qex>subsecuted</qex> and overtaken.</q>
<qau>E. Hall.</qau>
<hw>Sub*sec"u*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>subs\'82cutif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Following in a train or
succession.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sub*sel"li*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Subsellia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety>
<fld>(Eccl. Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the stalls of the lower
range where there are two ranges. See <xex>Illust</xex>. of
<er>Stall</er>.</def>
<hw>Sub*sem"i*tone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The sensible or leading note, or sharp
seventh, of any key; subtonic.</def>
<hw>Sub*sen"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Deeper
than the reach of the senses.</def> \'bdThat
<xex>subsensible</xex> world.\'b8
<au>Tyndall.</au>
<hw>Sub*sep"tu*ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the ratio of one to seven.</def>
<au>Bp. Wilkins.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub"se*quence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub"se*quen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act or state of following; -- opposed to
<xex>precedence</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sub"se*quent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subsequens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>subsequi</ets> to follow, succeed: cf. F.
<ets>subs\'82quent</ets>. See <er>Sue</er> to follow.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Following in time; coming or being after
something else at any time, indefinitely; <as>as,
<ex>subsequent</ex> events; <ex>subsequent</ex> ages or years; a
period long <ex>subsequent</ex> to the foundation of
Rome</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Following in order of place; succeeding; <as>as,
a <ex>subsequent</ex> clause in a treaty</as>.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>subsequent</xex> words come on before the precedent
vanish.\'b8
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sub"se*quent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>At a later time;
afterwards.</def>
<hw>Sub*se"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under a serous membrane.</def>
<hw>Sub*serve"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subserved</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Subserving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>subservire</ets>;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>servire</ets> to serve. See
<er>Serve</er>.]</ety> <def>To serve in subordination or
instrumentally; to be subservient to; to help forward; to
promote.</def>
<q>It is a great credit to know the ways of captivating Nature,
and making her <qex>subserve</qex> our purposes, than to have
learned all the intrigues of policy.</q>
<qau>Glanvill.</qau>
<hw>Sub*serve"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be subservient or
subordinate; to serve in an inferior capacity.</def>
<q>Not made to rule,
But to <qex>subserve</qex> where wisdom bears command.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*serv"i*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub*serv"i*en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being subservient; instrumental
fitness or use; hence, willingness to serve another's purposes;
in a derogatory sense, servility.</def>
<q>The body wherein appears much fitness, use, and
<qex>subserviency</qex> to infinite functions.</q>
<qau>Bentley.</qau>
<q>There is a regular subordination and <qex>subserviency</qex>
among all the parts to beneficial ends.</q>
<qau>Cheyne.</qau>
<hw>Sub*serv"i*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subserviens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. See
<er>Subserve</er>.]</ety> <def>Fitted or disposed to subserve;
useful in an inferior capacity; serving to promote some end;
subordinate; hence, servile, truckling.</def>
<q>Scarce ever reading anything which he did not make
<qex>subservient</qex> in one kind or other.</q>
<qau>Bp. Fell.</qau>
<q>These ranks of creatures are <qex>subservient</qex> one to
another.</q>
<qau>Ray.</qau>
<q>Their temporal ambition was wholly <qex>subservient</qex> to
their proselytizing spirit.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<hw>Sub*serv"i*ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a subservient
manner.</def>
<hw>Sub*ses"qui-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>sub-</ets> +
<ets>sesqui</ets>\'cf.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix
(also used adjectively) denoting the combination of constituents
(especially electro-negative and electro-positive bodies) in the
proportion of <xex>two</xex> to <xex>three</xex>; <as>as, a
<ex>subsesqui</ex> acetate, <it>i. e.</it>, a salt having two
equivalents of acetic acid to three of the base.</as></def>
<hw>Sub*sex"tu*ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the ratio of one to six; <as>as, a <ex>sub</ex>sextuple
proportion</as>.</def>
<au>Bp. Wilkins.</au>
<hw>Sub*side"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subsided</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Subsiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>subsidere</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under, below +
<ets>sidere</ets> to sit down, to settle; akin to
<ets>sedere</ets> to sit, E. <ets>sit</ets>. See
<er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sink or fall to the
bottom; to settle, as lees.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tend downward; to become lower; to descend;
to sink.</def> \'bdHeaven's <xex>subsiding</xex> hill.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fall into a state of quiet; to cease to rage;
to be calmed; to settle down; to become tranquil; to abate;
<as>as, the sea <ex>subsides</ex>; the tumults of war will
<ex>subside</ex>; the fever has <ex>subsided</ex></as>.</def>
\'bdIn cases of danger, pride and envy naturally
<xex>subside</xex>.\'b8
<au>C. Middleton.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Abate</er>.</syn>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*sid"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sub*sid"en*cy</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subsidens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>subsidere</ets>. See <er>Subside</er>.]</ety> <def>The act
or process of subsiding.</def>
<q>The subdual or <qex>subsidence</qex> of the more violent
passions.</q>
<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>
<hw>Sub*sid"i*a*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In
a subsidiary manner; so as to assist.</def>
<hw>Sub*sid"i*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subsidiarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>subsidiaire</ets>. See
<er>Subsidy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Furnishing aid;
assisting; auxiliary; helping; tributary; especially, aiding in
an inferior position or capacity; <as>as, a <ex>subsidiary</ex>
stream</as>.</def>
<q>Chief ruler and principal head everywhere, not suffragant and
<qex>subsidiary</qex>.</q>
<qau>Florio.</qau>
<q>They constituted a useful <qex>subsidiary</qex> testimony of
another state of existence.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a subsidy; constituting a
subsidy; being a part of, or of the nature of, a subsidy; <as>as,
<ex>subsidiary</ex> payments to an ally</as>.</def>
<q>George the Second relied on his <qex>subsidiary</qex>
treaties.</q>
<qau>Ld. Mahon.</qau>
<hw>Sub*sid"i*a*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Subsidiaries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who, or
that which, contributes aid or additional supplies; an assistant;
an auxiliary.</def>
<au>Hammond.</au>
<hw>Sub"si*dize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subsidized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Subsidizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Subsidy</er>.]</ety>
<def>To furnish with a subsidy; to purchase the assistance of by
the payment of a subsidy; to aid or promote, as a private
enterprise, with public money; <as>as, to <ex>subsidize</ex> a
steamship line</as>.</def>
<q>He employed the remittances from Spain to <qex>subsidize</qex>
a large body of German mercenaries.</q>
<qau>Prescott.</qau>
<hw>Sub"si*dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Subsidies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>subsidium</ets> the troops stationed in reserve in the third
line of battlem reserve, support, help, fr. <ets>subsidere</ets>
to sit down, lie in wait: cf. F. <ets>subside</ets>. See
<er>Subside</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Support; aid;
co\'94peration; esp., extraordinary aid in money rendered to the
sovereign or to a friendly power.</def>
<q>They advised the king to send speedy aids, and with much
alacrity granted a great rate of <qex>subsidy</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Subsidies</xex> were taxes, not immediately on
on property, but on persons in respect of their reputed estates,
after the nominal rate of 4s. the pound for lands, and 2s. 8d.
for goods.</note>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: A sum of money paid by one
sovereign or nation to another to purchase the co\'94peration or
the neutrality of such sovereign or nation in war.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A grant from the government, from a municipal
corporation, or the like, to a private person or company to
assist the establishment or support of an enterprise deemed
advantageous to the public; a subvention; <as>as, a
<ex>subsidy</ex> to the owners of a line of ocean
steamships</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Tribute; grant.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Subsidy</er>,
<er>Tribute</er>. A <xex>subsidy</xex> is voluntary; a
<xex>tribute</xex> is exacted.</usage>
<hw>Sub*sign"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subsigned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Subsigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>subsignare</ets>;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>signare</ets> to mark: cf. F.
<ets>soussigner</ets>. See <er>Sign</er>.]</ety> <def>To sign
beneath; to subscribe.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Camden.</au>
<hw>Sub`sin*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subsignatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of writing the name
under something, as for attestation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shelton.</au>
<hw>Sub*sil"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A basic
silicate.</def>
<hw>Sub*sist"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subsisted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Subsisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>subsistere</ets> to stand still, stay, remain alive;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>sistere</ets> to stand, to cause to
stand, from <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf. F.
<ets>subsister</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To be; to have existence; to inhere.</def>
<q>And makes what happiness we justly call,
<qex>Subsist</qex> not in the good of one, but all.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To continue; to retain a certain state.</def>
<q>Firm we <qex>subsist</qex>, yet possible to swerve.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be maintained with food and clothing; to be
supported; to live.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>To <qex>subsist</qex> on other men's charity.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<hw>Sub*sist"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To support with
provisions; to feed; to maintain; <as>as, to <ex>subsist</ex>
one's family</as>.</def>
<q>He laid waste the adjacent country in order to render it more
difficult for the enemy to <qex>subsist</qex> their army.</q>
<qau>Robertson.</qau>
<hw>Sub*sist"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>subsistance</ets>, L. <ets>subsistentia</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Real being; existence.</def>
<q>Not only the things had <qex>subsistence</qex>, but the very
images were of some creatures existing.</q>
<qau>Stillingfleet.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inherency; <as>as, the <ex>subsistence</ex> of
qualities in bodies</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which furnishes support to animal life;
means of support; provisions, or that which produces provisions;
livelihood; <as>as, a meager <ex>subsistence</ex></as>.</def>
<q>His viceroy could only propose to himself a comfortable
<qex>subsistence</qex> out of the plunder of his province.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hypostasis</er>,
2.</def>
<au>Hooker.</au>
<hw>Sub*sist"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Subsistence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*sist"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subsistens</ets>, p.pr. See <er>Subsist</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having real being; <as>as, a <ex>subsistent</ex>
spirit</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inherent; <as>as, qualities <ex>subsistent</ex>
in matter</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*si"zar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An under
sizar; a student of lower rank than a sizar.</def>
<mark>[Cambridge Univ. Eng.]</mark>
<q>Bid my <qex>subsizar</qex> carry my hackney to the buttery and
give him his bever.</q>
<qau>J. Fletcher.</qau>
<hw>Sub"soil`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The bed, or
stratum, of earth which lies immediately beneath the surface
soil.</def>
<cs><col>Subsoil plow</col>, <cd>a plow having a share and
standard but no moldboard. It follows in the furrow made by an
ordinary plow, and loosens the soil to an additional depth
without bringing it to the surface.</cd> <au>Knight.</au></cs>
<hw>Sub"soil`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To turn up the subsoil
of.</def>
<hw>Sub*so"la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being
under the sun; hence, terrestrial; earthly; mundane.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*spe"cies</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A group
somewhat lessdistinct than speciesusually are, but based on
characters more important than those which characterize ordinary
varieties; often, a geographical variety or race.</def>
<hw>Sub`sphe*noid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under, or on the ventral side
of, the body of the sphenoid bone.</def>
<hw>Sub*spher"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nearly
spherical; having a figure resembling that of a sphere.</def>
<hw>Sub*spi"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Subvertebral.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Situated beneath a spinous process, as
that of the scapula; <as>as, <ex>subspinous</ex> dislocation of
the humerus</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub"stance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>substantia</ets>, fr. <ets>substare</ets> to be under or
present, to stand firm; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>stare</ets>
to stand. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which
underlies all outward manifestations; substratum; the permanent
subject or cause of phenomena, whether material or spiritual;
that in which properties inhere; that which is real, in
distinction from that which is apparent; the abiding part of any
existence, in distinction from any accident; that which
constitutes anything what it is; real or existing essence.</def>
<q>These cooks, how they stamp, and strain, and grind,
And turn <qex>substance</qex> into accident!</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>Heroic virtue did his actions guide,
And he the <qex>substance</qex>, not the appearance, chose.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The most important element in any existence; the
characteristic and essential components of anything; the main
part; essential import; purport.</def>
<q>This edition is the same in <qex>substance</qex> with the
Latin.</q>
<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>
<q>It is insolent in words, in manner; but in
<qex>substance</qex> it is not only insulting, but alarming.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Body; matter; material of which a thing is made;
hence, substantiality; solidity; firmness; <as>as, the
<ex>substance</ex> of which a garment is made; some textile
fabrics have little <ex>substance</ex>.</as></def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Material possessions; estate; property;
resources.</def>
<q>And there wasted his <qex>substance</qex> with riotous
living.</q>
<qau>Luke xv. 13.</qau>
<q>Thy <qex>substance</qex>, valued at the highest rate,
Can not amount unto a hundred marks.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>We are destroying many thousand lives, and exhausting our
<qex>substance</qex>, but not for our own interest.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hypostasis</er>,
2.</def>
<hw>Sub"stance</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish or endow
with substance; to supply property to; to make rich.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sub"stance*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no substance;
unsubstantial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Coleridge.</au>
<hw>Sub"stant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>substans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>substare</ets> to be firm.]</ety> <def>Substantial;
firm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd[The glacier's]
<xex>substant</xex> ice.\'b8
<au>The Century.</au>
<hw>Sub*stan"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>substantiel</ets>, L. <ets>substantialis</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Belonging to substance; actually existing; real;
<as>as, <ex>substantial</ex> life</as>.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>If this atheist would have his chance to be real and
<qex>substantial</qex> agent, he is more stupid than the
vulgar.</q>
<qau>Bentley.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not seeming or imaginary; not illusive; real;
solid; true; veritable.</def>
<q>If happinessbe a <qex>substantial</qex> good.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<q>The <qex>substantial</qex> ornaments of virtue.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Corporeal; material; firm.</def> \'bdMost
ponderous and <xex>substantial</xex> things.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>The rainbow [appears to be] a large <qex>substantial</qex>
arch.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Having good substance; strong; stout; solid;
firm; <as>as, <ex>substantial</ex> cloth; a <ex>substantial</ex>
fence or wall</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Possessed of goods or an estate; moderately
wealthy; responsible; <as>as, a <ex>substantial</ex>
freeholder</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Substantial</xex> yeomen and
burghers.\'b8
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<-- p. 1437 -->
<hw>Sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being substantial; corporiety;
materiality.</def>
<q>The soul is a stranger to such gross
<qex>substantiality</qex>.</q>
<qau>Glanvill.</qau>
<hw>Sub*stan"tial*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Substantialized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Substantializing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To make
substantial.</def>
<hw>Sub*stan"tial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a substantial
manner; in substance; essentially.</def>
<q>In him all his Father shone,
<qex>Substantially</qex> expressed.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>The laws of this religion would make men, if they would truly
observe them, <qex>substantially</qex> religious toward God,
chastle, and temperate.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<hw>Sub*stan"tial*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or
state of being substantial; <as>as, the <ex>substantialness</ex>
of a wall or column</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*stan"tials</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<def>Essential parts.</def>
<au>Ayliffe.</au>
<hw>Sub*stan"ti*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Substantiated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Substantiating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make to
exist; to make real.</def>
<au>Ayliffe.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To establish the existence or truth of by proof
or competent evidence; to verify; <as>as, to
<ex>substantiate</ex> a charge or allegation; to
<ex>substantiate</ex> a declaration</as>.</def>
<q>Observation is, in turn, wanted to direct and
<qex>substantiate</qex> the course of experiment.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Sub*stan`ti*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of substantiating or proving; evidence; proof.</def>
<hw>Sub`stan*ti"val</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a substantive; of the nature of substantive.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sub`stan*ti"val*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sub"stan*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>substantivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>substantif</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Betokening or expressing existence; <as>as, the
<ex>substantive</ex> verb, that is, the verb <ex>to
be</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Depending on itself; independent.</def>
<q>He considered how sufficient and <qex>substantive</qex> this
land was to maintain itself without any aid of the foreigner.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Enduring; solid; firm; substantial.</def>
<q>Strength and magnitude are qualities which impress the
imagination in a powerful and <qex>substantive</qex> manner.</q>
<qau>Hazlitt.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or constituting, the essential
part or principles; <as>as, the law
<ex>substantive</ex></as>.</def>
<cs><col>Noun substantive</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a noun
which designates an object, material or immaterial; a
substantive.</cd> -- <col>Substantive color</col>, <cd>one which
communicates its color without the aid of a mordant or base; --
opposed to <xex>adjective color<xex>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sub"stan*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>substantif</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A noun or
name; the part of speech which designates something that exists,
or some object of thought, either material or immaterial; <as>as,
the words <ex>man</ex>, <ex>horse</ex>, <ex>city</ex>,
<ex>goodness</ex>, <ex>excellence</ex>, are
<ex>substantives</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sub"stan*tive</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
substantivize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Cudworth.</au>
<hw>Sub"stan*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a
substantive manner; in substance; essentially.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>As a substantive, name, or
noun; <as>as, an adjective may be used
<ex>substantively</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sub"stan*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or
state of being substantive.</def>
<hw>Sub"stan*tiv*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
convert into a substantive; <as>as, to <ex>substantivize</ex> an
adjective</as>.</def>
<au>Fitzed. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sub"stile`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Dialing)</fld> <def>See <er>Substyle</er>.</def>
<hw>Sub*stit"u*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>substituens</ets>, p.pr. See <er>Substitute</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any atom, group, or radical substituted
for another, or entering a molecule in place of some other part
which is removed.</def>
<hw>Sub"stit"ute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>substitutus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>substituere</ets> to put
under, put in the place of; <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>statuere</ets> to put, place: cf. F. <ets>substitut</ets>.
See <er>Statute</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, is
substituted or put in the place of another; one who acts for
another; that which stands in lieu of something else</def>;
specifically <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <def>a person who enlists for
military service in the place of a conscript or drafted
man.</def><-- archaic, no longer legal. -->
<q>Hast thou not made me here thy <qex>substitute</qex>?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Ladies [in Shakespeare's age] . . . wore masks as the sole
<qex>substitute</qex> known to our ancestors for the modern
parasol.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Sub"stit"ute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Substituted</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Substituting</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Substitute</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To put in the place of another person
or thing; to exchange.</def>
<q>Some few verses are inserted or <qex>substituted</qex> in the
room of others.</q>
<qau>Congreve.</qau>
<hw>Sub"stit"uted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Exchanged; put in the place of another.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing substitutions or
replacements; having been subjected to the process of
substitution, or having some of its parts replaced; <as>as,
alcohol is a <ex>substituted</ex> water; methyl amine is a
<ex>substituted</ex> ammonia</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Substituted executor</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an
executor appointed to act in place of one removed or
resigned.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sub`sti*tu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>substitutio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>substitution</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of substituting or putting one person or
thing in the place of another; <as>as, the <ex>substitution</ex>
of an agent, attorney, or representative to act for one in his
absense; the <ex>substitution</ex> of bank notes for gold and
silver as a circulating medium.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being substituted for
another.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The office or authority of one acting for
another; delegated authority.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>The designation of a
person in a will to take a devise or legacy, either on failure of
a former devisee or legatee by incapacity or unwillingness to
accept, or after him.</def>
<au>Burrill.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that Christ
suffered vicariously, being substituted for the sinner, and that
his sufferings were expiatory.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld><def>The act or process of
substituting an atom or radical for another atom or radical;
metethesis; also, the state of being so substituted. See
<er>Metathesis</er>.</def>
<hw>Sub`sti*tu"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
or pertaining to substitution; standing in the place of another;
substituted.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sub`sti*tu"tion*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sub`sti*tu"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of
or pertaining to substitution; substitutional.</def>
<hw>Sub"sti*tu`tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>substitutif</ets>, L. <ets>substitutivus</ets>
conditional.]</ety> <def>Tending to afford or furnish a
substitute; making substitution; capable of being
substituted.</def>
<au>Bp. Wilkins.</au>
<hw>Sub*stract"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>suostraire</ets>; L. <ets>subtus</ets> below (from
<ets>sub</ets> under) + <ets>trahere</ets> to draw. See
<er>Substract</er>.]</ety> <def>To subtract; to withdraw.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Sub*strac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>substraction</ets>, F. <ets>soustraction</ets>. See
<er>Subtract</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Subtraction;
deduction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Subtraction</er>,
3.</def>
<hw>Sub*stract"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who subtracts.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A detractor; a slanderer.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sub"strate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
substratum.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub"strate</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having very slight
furrows.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*strate"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>substratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>substrahere</ets>. See
<er>Substratum</er>.]</ety> <def>To strew or lay under
anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The melted glass being supported by the <qex>substrated</qex>
sand.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<hw>Sub*stra"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Substrata</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>substratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>substernere</ets> to strew
under; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>sternere</ets> to strew. See
<er>Stratum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is laid or
spread under; that which underlies something, as a layer of earth
lying under another; specifically <fld>(Agric.)</fld>, the
subsoil.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The permanent subject of
qualities or cause of phenomena; substance.</def>
<hw>Sub*struct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Substruction</er>.]</ety> <def>To build beneath something; to
lay as the foundation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>He <qex>substructs</qex> the religion of Asia as the base.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Sub*struc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>substructio</ets>, fr. <ets>substruere</ets>,
<ets>substructum</ets>, to build beneath; <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>struere</ets> to build.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>
<def>Underbuilding; the foundation, or any preliminary structure
intended to raise the lower floor or basement of a building above
the natural level of the ground.</def>
<q>It is a magnificent strong building, with a
<qex>substruction</qex> very remarkable.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<hw>Sub*struc"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub-</ets> + <ets>structure</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Substruction</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An under structure; a foundation;
groundwork.</def>
<hw>Sub*sty"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to the substyle.</def>
<hw>Sub"style`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Dialing)</fld> <def>A right line on which the style, or
gnomon, of a dial is erected; being the common section of the
face of the dial and a plane perpendicular to it passing through
the style.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>substile</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Hutton.</au>
<hw>Sub*sul"phate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sulphate with an excess of the
base.</def>
<hw>Sub*sul"phide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nonacid compound consisting of one
equivalent of sulphur and more than one equivalent of some other
body, as a metal.</def>
<hw>Sub*sul"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Subsultory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Berkley.</au>
<hw>Sub*sul"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subsilire</ets>, <ets>subsultum</ets>, to spring up;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>salire</ets> to leap.]</ety>
<def>Bounding; leaping; moving by sudden leaps or starts.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Sub*sul"to*ri*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>
<q>Flippancy opposed to solemnity, the <qex>subsultory</qex> to
the continuous, -- these are the two frequent extremities to
which the French manner betrays men.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Sub*sul"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Subsultory</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A
starting, twitching, or convulsive motion.</def>
<hw>Sub*sum"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being subsumed.</def>
<au>J. B. Stallo.</au>
<hw>Sub*sume"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub-</ets> + L. <ets>sumere</ets> to take.]</ety> <def>To
take up into or under, as individual under species, species under
genus, or particular under universal; to place (any one
cognition) under another as belonging to it; to include under
something else.</def>
<q>To <qex>subsume</qex> one proposition under another.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<q>A principle under which one might <qex>subsume</qex> men's
most strenuous efforts after righteousness.</q>
<qau>W. Pater.</qau>
<hw>Sub*sump"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of subsuming, or of including under another.</def>
<q>The first act of consciousness was a <qex>subsumption</qex> of
that of which we were conscious under this notion.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is subsumed, as the minor clause or
premise of a syllogism.</def>
<q>But whether you see cause to go against the rule, or the
<qex>subsumption</qex> under the rule.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Sub*sump"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating
to, or containing, a subsumption.</def>
<au>Coleridge.</au>
<hw>Sub*tan"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The part of the axis contained between
the ordinate and tangent drawn to the same point in a
curve.</def>
<hw>Sub`tar*ta"re*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being
or living under Tartarus; infernal.</def>
\'bd<xex>Subtartarean</xex> powers.\'b8
<au>Pope.</au>
<hw>Sub*tec"ta*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub-</ets> + L. <ets>tectum</ets> a roof.]</ety> <def>A
space under a roof; a tabernacle; a dwelling.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Davies (Holy Roode).</au>
<hw>Sub*teg`u*la"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subtegulaneus</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>tegulare</ets> tiles for a roof.]</ety> <def>Under the roof
or eaves; within doors.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*ten"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>One who rents a tenement, or land, etc., of one who is also
a tenant; an undertenant.</def>
<hw>Sub*tend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subtended</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Subtending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>subtendere</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>tendere</ets>
to stretch, extend. See <er>Tend</er>.]</ety> <def>To extend
under, or be opposed to; <as>as, the line of a triangle which
<ex>subtends</ex> the right angle; the chord <ex>subtends</ex> an
arc</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*tense"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subtendere</ets>, <ets>subtentum</ets>. See
<er>Subtend</er>, <er>Tense</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A line subtending, or stretching across;
a chord; <as>as, the <ex>subtense</ex> of an arc</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*tep"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slightly
tepid.</def>
<hw>Sub`te*rete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
terete.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*ter"flu*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub*ter"flu*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>subterfluens</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>subterfluere</ets> to flow beneath; <ets>subter</ets> under
+ <ets>fluere</ets> to flow.]</ety> <def>Running under or
beneath.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub"ter*fuge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from
LL. <ets>subterfugium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>subterfugere</ets> to
flee secretly, to escape; <ets>subter</ets> under +
<ets>fugere</ets> to flee. See <er>Fugitive</er>.]</ety>
<def>That to which one resorts for escape or concealment; an
artifice employed to escape censure or the force of an argument,
or to justify opinions or conduct; a shift; an evasion.</def>
<q>Affect not little shifts and <qex>subterfuges</qex>, to avoid
the force of an argument.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<q>By a miserable <qex>subterfuge</qex>, they hope to render this
position safe by rendering it nugatory.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<hw>Sub"ter*rane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>subterraneum</ets>, F. <ets>souterrain</ets>. See
<er>Subterranean</er>.]</ety> <def>A cave or room under
ground.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>J. Bryant.</au>
<hw>Sub`ter*ra"ne*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Subterranean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub`ter*ra"ne*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>subterraneus</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>terra</ets> earth. See <er>Terrace</er>.]</ety> <def>Being
or lying under the surface of the earth; situated within the
earth, or under ground; <as>as, <ex>subterranean</ex> springs; a
<ex>subterraneous</ex> passage.</as></def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sub`ter*ran"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
place under ground; a subterrany.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sub"ter*ra*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Subterranean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Bacon</au>. --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A subterranean place.</def></def2>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sub`ter*rene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subterrenus</ets>, equiv. to <ets>subterraneus</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Subterraneous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sub`ter*res"tri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Subterranean.</def>
<hw>Sub`tha*lam"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the optic thalamus.</def>
<hw>Sub"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subtilis</ets>. See <er>Subtile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Thin; not dense or gross; rare; <as>as, <ex>subtile</ex>
air; <ex>subtile</ex> vapor; a <ex>subtile</ex>
medium</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Delicately constituted or constructed; nice;
fine; delicate; tenuous; finely woven.</def> \'bdA
<xex>sotil</xex> [subtile] twine's thread.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>More <qex>subtile</qex> web Arachne can not spin.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>I do distinguish plain
Each <qex>subtile</qex> line of her immortal face.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Acute; piercing; searching.</def>
<q>The slow disease and <qex>subtile</qex> pain.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Characterized by nicety of discrimination;
discerning; delicate; refined; subtle.</def> <altsp>[In this
sense now commonly written <asp>subtle</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>The genius of the Spanish people is exquisitely
<qex>subtile</qex>, without being at all acute; hence there is so
much humor and so little wit in their literature. The genius of
the Italians, on the contrary, is acute, profound, and sensual,
but not <qex>subtile</qex>; hence what they think to be humorous,
is merely witty.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<q>The <qex>subtile</qex> influence of an intellect like
Emerson's.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Sly; artful; cunning; crafty; subtle; <as>as, a
<ex>subtile</ex> person; a <ex>subtile</ex> adversary; a
<ex>subtile</ex> scheme.</as></def> <altsp>[In this sense now
commonly written <asp>subtle</asp>.]</altsp>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Subtile</er>, <er>Acute</er>.</syn> <usage> In
<xex>acute</xex> the image is that of a needle's point; in
<xex>subtile</xex> that of a thread spun out to fineness. The
<xex>acute</xex> intellect pierces to its aim; the
<xex>subtile</xex> (or <xex>subtle</xex>) intellect winds its way
through obstacles.</usage>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sub"tile*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sub"tile*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sub*til"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>subtiliare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make thin or rare.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Harvey</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Sub`til*i*a"tion</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <pos>Boyle.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sub"til*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being subtile; subtility; subtlety.</def>
<q>The high orthodox <qex>subtilism</qex> of Duns Scotus.</q>
<qau>Milman.</qau>
<hw>Sub*til"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subtilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>subtilit\'82</ets>. See
<er>Subtle</er>.]</ety> <def>Subtilty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub`til*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>subtilization</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
making subtile.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>The operation of making
so volatile as to rise in steam or vapor.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Refinement; subtlety; extreme attenuation.</def>
<hw>Sub"til*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subtilized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Subtilizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>subtiliser</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make thin or fine; to make less gross or
coarse.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To refine; to spin into niceties; <as>as, to
<ex>subtilize</ex> arguments</as>.</def>
<q>Nor as yet have we <qex>subtilized</qex> ourselves into
savages.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<hw>Sub"til*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To refine in
argument; to make very nice distinctions.</def>
<au>Milner.</au>
<hw>Sub"til*i`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
subtilizes.</def>
<hw>Sub"til*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. fr.
<ets>subtility</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or
state of being subtile; thinness; fineness; <as>as, the
<ex>subtility</ex> of air or light</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Refinement; extreme acuteness; subtlety.</def>
<q>Intelligible discourses are spoiled by too much
<qex>subtility</qex> in nice divisions.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Cunning; skill; craft.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>To learn a lewd man this <qex>subtility</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Slyness in design; artifice; guile; a cunning
design or artifice; a trick; subtlety.</def>
<q>O full of all <qex>subtility</qex> and all mischief.</q>
<qau>Acts xiii. 10.</qau>
<note><hand/ In senses 2, 3, and 4 the word is more commonly
written <xex>subtlety</xex>.</note>
<hw>Sub"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Subtler</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Subtlest</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>sotil</ets>, <ets>subtil</ets>, OF.
<ets>soutil</ets>, later <ets>subtil</ets>, F. <ets>subtil</ets>,
L. <ets>subtilis</ets>; probably, originally, woven fine, and fr.
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>tela</ets> a web, fr.
<ets>texere</ets> to weave. See <er>Text</er>, and cf.
<er>Subtile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sly in design; artful;
cunning; insinuating; subtile; -- applied to persons; <as>as, a
<ex>subtle</ex> foe</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>subtle</xex>
traitor.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cunningly devised; crafty; treacherous; <as>as,
a <ex>subtle</ex> stratagem</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Characterized by refinement and niceness in
drawing distinctions; nicely discriminating; -- said of persons;
<as>as, a <ex>subtle</ex> logician; refined; tenuous; sinuous;
insinuating; hence, penetrative or pervasive; -- said of the
mind; its faculties, or its operations; <as>as, a <ex>subtle</ex>
intellect</as>; a <ex>subtle</ex> imagination; a <ex>subtle</ex>
process of thought</as>; also, difficult of apprehension;
elusive.</def>
<q>Things remote from use, obscure and <qex>subtle</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Smooth and deceptive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Like to a bowl upon a <qex>subtle</qex> ground [bowling
ground].</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Artful; crafty; cunning; shrewd; sly; wily.</syn>
<usage> <xex>Subtle</xex> is the most comprehensive of these
epithets and implies the finest intellectual quality. See
<er>Shrewd</er>, and <er>Cunning</er>.</usage>
<-- p. 1438 -->
<hw>Sub"tle*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being subtle; subtlety.</def>
<hw>Sub"tle*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Subtleties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.
<ets>sotelte</ets>, <ets>sutilte</ets>, OF. <ets>sotillete</ets>,
L. <ets>subtilitas</ets>. See <er>Subtle</er>, and cf.
<er>Subtility</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state
of being subtle, or sly; cunning; craftiness; artfulness.</def>
<q>The fox which lives by <qex>subtlety</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Nice discernment with delicacy of mental action;
nicety of discrimination.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something that is sly, crafty, or
delusive.</def>
<q>Unlearned in the world's false <qex>subtleties</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sub"tly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a subtle
manner; slyly; artfully; cunningly.</def>
<q>Thou seest how <qex>subtly</qex> to detain thee I devise.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Nicely; delicately.</def>
<q>In the nice bee what sense so <qex>subtly</qex> true.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q><qex>Subtly</qex> communicating itself to my sensibilities,
but evading the analysis of my mind.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Deceitfully; delusively.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sub*ton"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Applied to, or distinguishing, a
speech element consisting of tone, or proper vocal sound, not
pure as in the vowels, but dimmed and otherwise modified by some
kind of obstruction in the oral or the nasal passage, and in some
cases with a mixture of breath sound; -- a term introduced by Dr.
James Rush in 1833. See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>,
<sect/<sect/155, 199-202.</def>
<hw>Sub*ton"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>A subtonic sound or element; a vocal
consonant, as <it>b</it>, <it>d</it>, <it>g</it>, <it>n</it>,
etc.; a subvocal.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The seventh tone of the scale,
or that immediately below the tonic; -- called also
<altname>subsemitone</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sub*tor"rid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nearly
torrid.</def>
<hw>Sub*tract"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subtracted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Subtracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>subtractus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>subtrahere</ets> to draw from
beneath, withdraw, remove; <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Trace</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,
and cf. <er>Substract</er>.]</ety> <def>To withdraw, or take
away, as a part from the whole; to deduct; <as>as,
<ex>subtract</ex> 5 from 9, and the remainder is 4</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub*tract"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who subtracts.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The subtrahend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*trac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subtractio</ets> a drawing back. See <er>Subtract</er>, and
cf. <er>Substraction</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or
operation of subtracting or taking away a part.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The taking of a lesser number
or quantity from a greater of the same kind or denomination; an
operation for finding the difference between two numbers or
quantities.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The withdrawing or withholding
from a person of some right to which he is entitled by law.</def>
<note><hand/ Thus the <xex>subtraction</xex> of conjugal rights
is when either the husband or wife withdraws from the other and
lives separate without sufficient reason. The
<xex>subtraction</xex> of a legacy is the withholding or
detailing of it from the legatee by the executor. In like manner,
the withholding of any service, rent, duty, or custom, is a
<xex>subtraction</xex>, for which the law gives a remedy.</note>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<hw>Sub*trac"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Tending, or having power, to subtract.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Having the negative sign, or
sign minus.</def>
<hw>Sub"tra*hend`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subtrahendus</ets> that is to be subtracted, p.fut.pess. of
<ets>subtrahere</ets>. See <er>Subtract</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The sum or number to be subtracted, or
taken from another.</def>
<hw>Sub`trans*lu"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not
perfectly translucent.</def>
<hw>Sub`trans*pa"rent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not
perfectly transparent.</def>
<hw>Sub*treas"ur*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
public officer who has charge of a subtreasury.</def> <mark>[U.
S.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*treas"ur*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Subtreasuries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A subordinate
treasury, or place of deposit; <as>as, the United States
<ex>subtreasury</ex> at New York</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Sub`tri*an"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Nearly, but not perfectly, triangular.</def>
<au>Darwin.</au>
<hw>Sub"tribe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot. &
Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of a tribe; a group of genera of
a little lower rank than a tribe.</def>
<hw>Sub`tri*he"dral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Approaching the form of a three-sided pyramid; <as>as, the
<ex>subtrihedral</ex> crown of a tooth</as>.</def>
<au>Owen.</au>
<hw>Sub*tri"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Containing a third, or one part to
three.</def>
<au>Bp. Wilkins.</au>
<hw>Sub*trip"li*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Expressed by the cube root; -- said
especially of ratios.</def>
<cs><col>Subtriplicate ratio</col>, <cd>the ratio of the cube
root; thus, the <xex>subtriplicate ratio<xex> of <it>a<it> to
<it>b<it> is <cuberoot/<it>a<it> to <cuberoot/<it>b<it>, or
<cuberoot/<fract><it>a</it>/<it>b</it></fract>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sub*trop"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nearly
tropical.</def>
<hw>Sub*trude"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subtruded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Subtruding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub-</ets> + L. <ets>trudere</ets> to thrust.]</ety> <def>To
place under; to insert.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub`tur*ric"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Somewhat turriculate.</def>
<hw>Sub*tu"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An under
tutor.</def>
<hw>Sub*typ"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Deviating somewhat from the type of a
species, genus, or other group; slightly aberrant.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su"bu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Su"bu*la`ted</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>subulatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>subula</ets> an awl.]</ety>
<def>Very narrow, and tapering gradually to a fine point from a
broadish base; awl-shaped; linear.</def>
<hw>\'d8Su`bu*li*cor"nes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from L. <ets>subula</ets> an awl + <ets>cornu</ets>
horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of insects
having slender or subulate antenn\'91. The dragon flies and May
flies are examples.</def>
<hw>Su"bu*li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Subulate.</def>
<hw>Su"bu*li*palp`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subula</ets> an awl + E. <ets>palp</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of carabid beetles
having slender palpi.</def>
<hw>Sub`um*bo"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Beneath or forward of the umbos of a
bivalve shell.</def>
<hw>Sub`um*brel"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The integument of the under surface of
the bell, or disk-shaped body, of a jellyfish.</def>
<hw>Sub`un*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub-</ets> + L. <ets>unda</ets> a wave.]</ety> <def>A flood;
a deluge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Huloet.</au>
<hw>Sub*un"gual</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Under the
nail or hoof.</def>
<hw>Sub"urb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suburbium</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under, below, near +
<ets>urbs</ets> a city. See <er>Urban</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An outlying part of a city or town; a smaller place
immediately adjacent to a city; in the plural, the region which
is on the confines of any city or large town; <as>as, a house
stands in the <ex>suburbs</ex>; a garden situated in the
<ex>suburbs</ex> of Paris</as>.</def> \'bdIn the
<xex>suburbs</xex> of a town.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>[London] could hardly have contained less than thirty or forty
thousand souls within its walls; and the <qex>suburbs</qex> were
very populous.</q>
<qau>Hallam.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, the confines; the outer part; the
environment.</def> \'bdThe <xex>suburbs</xex> . . . of
sorrow.\'b8
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<q>The <qex>suburb</qex> of their straw-built citadel.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<cs><col>Suburb roister</col>, <cd>a rowdy; a loafer.</cd>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Milton.</au></cs>
<hw>Sub*ur"ban</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suburbanus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to suburbs;
inhabiting, or being in, the suburbs of a city.</def>
\'bd<xex>Suburban</xex> taverns.\'b8
<au>Longfellow.</au>
<q><qex>Suburban</qex> villas, highway-side retreats, . . .
Delight the citizen.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<hw>Sub*ur"ban</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who dwells in the
suburbs.</def>
<hw>Sub"urbed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
suburb or suburbs on its outer part.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*ur"bi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sub*ur"bi*an</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suburban.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Suburbial</xex> fields.\'b8
<au>Warton</au>. \'bd<xex>Suburbian</xex> muse.\'b8
<au>Dryden</au>.
<mhw>{ <hw>Sub*ur`bi*ca"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sub*ur"bi*ca*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[LL. <ets>suburbicarius</ets>, equiv. to L.
<ets>suburbanus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>suburbicaire</ets>. See
<er>Suburban</er>.]</ety> <def>Being in the suburbs; -- applied
to the six dioceses in the suburbs of Rome subject to the pope as
bishop of Rome.</def>
<q>The pope having stretched his authority beyond the bounds of
his <qex>suburbicarian</qex> precincts.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>
<hw>Sub`u*re"thral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the urethra, or under its
orifice.</def>
<hw>Sub*vag"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under or inside a sheath or
vaginal membrane; <as>as, the <ex>subvaginal</ex>, or subdural,
spaces about the optic nerve</as>.</def>
<hw>Sub`va*ri"e*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>-ties</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A subordinate
variety, or a division of a variety.</def>
<hw>Sub*vene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subvened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Subvening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>sub-</ets> + L.
<ets>venire</ets> to come. See <er>Subvention</er>.]</ety>
<def>To come under, as a support or stay; to happen.</def>
<q>A future state must needs <qex>subvene</qex> to prevent the
whole edifice from falling into ruin.</q>
<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>
<hw>Sub`ven*ta"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>sub-</ets> + L. <ets>ventus</ets> wind.]</ety>
<def>Produced by the wind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*ven"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
LL. <ets>subventio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>subvenire</ets> to come up
to one's assistance, to assist. See <er>Souvenir</er>, and cf.
<er>Subvene</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of coming
under.</def> \'bdThe <xex>subvention</xex> of a cloud.\'b8
<au>Stackhouse.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of relieving, as of a burden; support;
aid; assistance; help.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A government aid or bounty.</def>
<hw>Sub*ven"tion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
subventionize.</def>
<hw>Sub*ven"tion*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
come to the aid of; to subsidize; to support.</def>
<hw>Sub`ven*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Helping; aiding; supporting.</def>
<au>Urquhart.</au>
<hw>Sub*verse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subversus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>subvertere</ets>. See
<er>Subvert</er>.]</ety> <def>To subvert.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sub*ver"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>subversio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>subversion</ets>. See
<er>Subvert</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of overturning, or the
state of being overturned; entire overthrow; an overthrow from
the foundation; utter ruin; destruction; <as>as, the
<ex>subversion</ex> of a government; the <ex>subversion</ex> of
despotic power; the <ex>subversion</ex> of the
constitution.</as></def>
<q>The <qex>subversion</qex> [by a storm] of woods and timber . .
. through my whole estate.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<q>Laws have been often abused to the oppression and
<qex>subversion</qex> of that order they were intended to
preserve.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>
<hw>Sub*ver"sion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Promoting destruction.</def>
<hw>Sub*ver"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>subversif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to subvert; having a
tendency to overthrow and ruin.</def>
<q>Lying is a vice <qex>subversive</qex> of the very ends and
design of conversation.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>
<hw>Sub*vert"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Subverted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Subverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>subvertere</ets>, <ets>subversum</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under
+ <ets>vertere</ets> to turn: cf. F. <ets>subvertir</ets>. See
<er>Verse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To overturn from the
foundation; to overthrow; to ruin utterly.</def>
<q>These are his substance, sinews, arms, and strength,
With which he yoketh your rebellious necks,
Razeth your cities, and <qex>subverts</qex> your towns.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>This would <qex>subvert</qex> the principles of all
knowledge.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pervert, as the mind, and turn it from the
truth; to corrupt; to confound.</def>
<au>2 Tim. iii. 14.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- To overturn; overthrow; destroy; invert; reverse;
extinguish.</syn>
<hw>Sub*vert"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
overthrow anything from the foundation; to be subversive.</def>
<q>They have a power given to them like that of the evil
principle, to <qex>subvert</qex> and destroy.</q>
<hw>Sub*ver"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Reserved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sub*ver"te*bral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated beneath, or on the ventral side
of, the vertebral column; situated beneath, or inside of, the
endoskeleton; hypaxial; hyposkeletal.</def>
<hw>Sub*vert"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, subverts; an overthrower.</def>
<au>Sir T. More.</au>
<hw>Sub*vert"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may
be subverted.</def>
<hw>Sub*vi"tal*ized</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Imperfectly vitalized; having naturally but little vital
power or energy.</def>
<hw>Sub*vo"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Subtonic</er>.</def>
<hw>Sub"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An underground
way or gallery; especially, a passage under a street, in which
water mains, gas mains, telegraph wires, etc., are
conducted.</def>
<hw>Sub*work"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
subordinate worker or helper.</def>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Sub*zon"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under a zone, or zona; --
applied to a membrane between the zona radiata and the umbilical
vesicle in the mammal embryo.</def>
<hw>Sub*zig`o*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated under the zygoma or zygomatic
process.</def>
<hw>Suc"cade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>succus</ets>, <ets>sucus</ets>, juice: cf. F.
<ets>succade</ets> a sugarbox. Cf. <er>Sucket</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sweetmeat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Sweetmeats,
or preserves in sugar, whether fruit, vegetables, or
confections.</def>
<au>Blakely.</au>
<cs><col>Succade gourd</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as
<cref>Vegetable marrow</cref>, under
<er>Vegetable</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Suc"ce*dane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
succedaneum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Suc`ce*da"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>succedaneus</ets>. See <er>Succeed</er>.]</ety>
<def>Pertaining to, or acting as, a succedaneum; supplying the
place of something else; being, or employed as, a substitute for
another.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Suc`ce*da"ne*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Succedanea</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See
<er>Succedaneous</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which,
succeeds to the place of another; that which is used for
something else; a substitute</def>; specifically
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>a remedy used as a substitute for
another.</def>
<q>In lieu of me, you will have a very charming
<qex>succedaneum</qex>, Lady Harriet Stanhope.</q>
<qau>Walpole.</qau>
<hw>Suc*ceed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Succeeded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Succeeding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>succedere</ets>, <ets>successum</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under
+ <ets>cedere</ets> to go, to go along, approach, follow,
succeed: cf. F. <ets>succ\'82der</ets>. See <er>Cede</er>, and
cf. <er>Success</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To follow in order;
to come next after; hence, to take the place of; <as>as, the
king's eldest son <ex>succeeds</ex> his father on the throne;
autumn <ex>succeeds</ex> summer</as>.</def>
<q>As he saw him nigh <qex>succeed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fall heir to; to inherit.</def> <mark>[Obs. &
R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To come after; to be subsequent or consequent
to; to follow; to pursue.</def>
<q>Destructive effects . . . <qex>succeeded</qex> the curse.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To support; to prosper; to promote.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q><qex>Succeed</qex> my wish and second my design.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Suc*ceed"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come in
the place of another person, thing, or event; to come next in the
usual, natural, or prescribed course of things; to follow; hence,
to come next in the possession of anything; -- often with
<xex>to</xex>.</def>
<q>If the father left only daughters, they equally
<qex>succeeded</qex> to him in copartnership.</q>
<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>
<q>Enjoy till I return
Short pleasures; for long woes are to <qex>succeed</qex>!</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: To ascend the throne after the
removal the death of the occupant.</def>
<q>No woman shall <qex>succeed</qex> in Salique land.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To descend, as an estate or an heirloom, in the
same family; to devolve.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To obtain the object desired; to accomplish what
is attempted or intended; to have a prosperous issue or
termination; to be successful; <as>as, he <ex>succeeded</ex> in
his plans; his plans <ex>succeeded</ex></as>.</def>
<q>It is almost impossible for poets to <qex>succeed</qex>
without ambition.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Spenser endeavored it in Shepherd's Kalendar; but neither will
it <qex>succeed</qex> in English.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To go under cover.</def> <mark>[A latinism.
Obs.]</mark>
<q>Will you to the cooler cave <qex>succeed</qex>!</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To follow; pursue. See <er>Follow</er>.</syn>
<hw>Suc*ceed"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Succeeding one another; following.</def>
<hw>Suc*ceed"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
successor.</def>
<au>Shak. Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Suc*ceed"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of one who, or
that which, succeeds; also, that which succeeds, or follows
after; consequence.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Suc"cen*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL., an
accompanier in singing, fr. <ets>succinere</ets> to sing, to
accompany; <ets>sub</ets> under, after + <ets>canere</ets> to
sing.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A subchanter.</def>
<hw>Suc*cess"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>successus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>succ\'8as</ets>. See
<er>Succeed</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of succeeding;
succession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Then all the sons of these five brethren reigned
By due <qex>success</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which comes after; hence, consequence,
issue, or result, of an endeavor or undertaking, whether good or
bad; the outcome of effort.</def>
<q>Men . . . that are like to do that, that is committed to them,
and to report back again faithfully the <qex>success</qex>.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>Perplexed and troubled at his bad <qex>success</qex>
The tempter stood.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The favorable or prosperous termination of
anything attempted; the attainment of a proposed object;
prosperous issue.</def>
<q>Dream of <qex>success</qex> and happy victory!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Or teach with more <qex>success</qex> her son
The vices of the time to shun.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<q>Military <qex>successes</qex>, above all others, elevate the
minds of a people.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which meets with, or one who accomplishes,
favorable results, as a play or a player.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<-- p. 1439 -->
<hw>Suc"ces*sa*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Succession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>My peculiar honors, not derived
From <qex>successary</qex>, but purchased with my blood.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<hw>Suc*cess"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resulting
in success; assuring, or promotive of, success; accomplishing
what was proposed; having the desired effect; hence, prosperous;
fortunate; happy; <as>as, a <ex>successful</ex> use of medicine;
a <ex>successful</ex> experiment; a <ex>successful</ex>
enterprise</as>.</def>
<q>Welcome, nephews, from <qex>successful</qex> wars.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Happy; prosperous; fortunate; auspicious; lucky. See
<er>Fortunate</er>.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Suc*cess"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Suc*cess"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Suc*ces"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>successio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>succession</ets>. See
<er>Succeed</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of succeeding,
or following after; a following of things in order of time or
place, or a series of things so following; sequence; <as>as, a
<ex>succession</ex> of good crops; a <ex>succession</ex> of
disasters</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A series of persons or things according to some
established rule of precedence; <as>as, a <ex>succession</ex> of
kings, or of bishops; a <ex>succession</ex> of events in
chronology</as>.</def>
<q>He was in the <qex>succession</qex> to an earldom.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An order or series of descendants; lineage;
race; descent.</def> \'bdA long <xex>succession</xex> must
ensue.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The power or right of succeeding to the station
or title of a father or other predecessor; the right to enter
upon the office, rank, position, etc., held ny another; also, the
entrance into the office, station, or rank of a predecessor;
specifically, the succeeding, or right of succeeding, to a
throne.</def>
<q>You have the voice of the king himself for your
<qex>succession</qex> in Denmark.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The animosity of these factions did not really arise from the
dispute about the <qex>succession</qex>.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>The right to enter upon the possession of the
property of an ancestor, or one near of kin, or one preceding in
an established order.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The person succeeding to rank or office; a
successor or heir.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<cs><col>Apostolical succession</col>. <fld>(Theol.)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>Apostolical</er>.</cd> -- <col>Succession
duty</col>, <cd>a tax imposed on every succession to property,
according to its value and the relation of the person who
succeeds to the previous owner.</cd><-- = death duties? -->
<mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Succession of crops</col>.
<fld>(Agric.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Rotation of crops</cref>, under
<er>Rotation</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Suc*ces"sion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a succession; existing in a regular order;
consecutive.</def> \'bd<xex>Successional</xex> teeth.\'b8
<au>Flower</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Suc*ces"sion*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Suc*ces"sion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person who
insists on the importance of a regular succession of events,
offices, etc.; especially <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, one who insists
that apostolic succession alone is valid.</def>
<hw>Suc*ces"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>successif</ets>. See <er>Succeed</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Following in order or in uninterrupted course; coming after
without interruption or interval; following one after another in
a line or series; consecutive; <as>as, the <ex>successive</ex>
revolution of years; the <ex>successive</ex> kings of Egypt;
<ex>successive</ex> strokes of a hammer.</as></def>
<q>Send the <qex>successive</qex> ills through ages down.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having or giving the right of succeeding to an
inheritance; inherited by succession; hereditary; <as>as, a
<ex>successive</ex> title; a <ex>successive</ex>
empire</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Successive induction</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Induction</er>, 5.</cd></cs>
<hw>Suc*ces"sive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a successive
manner.</def>
<q>The whiteness, at length, changed <qex>successively</qex> into
blue, indigo, and violet.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>
<hw>Suc*ces"sive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or
state of being successive.</def>
<hw>Suc*cess"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no
success.</def>
<q><qex>Successless</qex> all her soft caresses prove.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Suc*cess"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Suc*cess"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Suc*ces"sor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>successour</ets>, OF. <ets>successur</ets>,
<ets>successor</ets>, F. <ets>successeur</ets>, L.
<ets>successor</ets>. See <er>Succeed</er>.]</ety> <def>One who
succeeds or follows; one who takes the place which another has
left, and sustains the like part or character; -- correlative to
<xex>predecessor</xex>; <as>as, the <ex>successor</ex> of a
deceased king</as>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>A gift to a corporation, either of lands or of chattels,
without naming their <qex>successors</qex>, vests an absolute
property in them so lond as the corporation subsists.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<hw>Suc*cid"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>succiduus</ets>, fr. <ets>succidere</ets> to fall
under.]</ety> <def>Ready to fall; falling.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Suc*cif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>succus</ets>, <ets>sucus</ets>, juice, sap +
<ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing or conveying sap.</def>
<hw>Suc`cin*am"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of succinamic acid.</def>
<hw>Suc`cin*am"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an
acid amide derivative of succinic acid, obtained as a white
crystalline substance, and forming a series of salts.</def>
<hw>Suc"ci*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>succinum</ets>, <ets>sucinum</ets>, amber, from
<ets>succus</ets>, <ets>sucus</ets>, juice, sap: cf. F.
<ets>succinate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of
succinic acid.</def>
<hw>Suc*cinct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>succinctus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>succingere</ets> to gird
below or from below, to tuck up; <ets>sub + cingere</ets> to
gird. Cf. <er>Cincture</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Girded or
tucked up; bound; drawn tightly together.</def>
<q>His habit fit for speed <qex>succinct</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Compressed into a narrow compass; brief;
concise.</def>
<q>Let all your precepts be <qex>succinct</qex> and clear.</q>
<qau>Roscommon.</qau>
<q>The shortest and most <qex>succinct</qex> model that ever
grasped all the needs and necessities of mankind.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Short; brief; concise; summary; compendious;
laconic; terse.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Suc*cinct"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Suc*cinct"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Suc*cin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>succinique</ets>. See <er>Succinate</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, amber;
specif., designating a dibasic acid, C<?/H<?/.(CO<?/H)<?/, first
obtained by the dry distillation of amber. It is found in a
number of plants, as in lettuce and wormwood, and is also
produced artificially as a white crystalline substance having a
slightly acid taste.</def>
<hw>Suc`cin*im"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline nitrogenous
substance, <chform>C2H4.(CO)2.NH</chform>, obtained by treating
succinic anhydride with ammonia gas. It is a typical imido acid,
and forms a series of salts. See <cref>Imido acid</cref>, under
<er>Imido</er>.</def>
<hw>Suc"ci*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>succinite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>Amber.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A garnet of an amber
color.</def>
<hw>Suc"ci*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From L.
<ets>succinum</ets> amber.]</ety> <def>Succinic.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Suc`cin*u"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of succinuric acid.</def>
<hw>Suc`cin*u"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
amide, analogous to succinamic acid, which is obtained as a white
crystalline substance by heating urea with succinic anhydride. It
is known also in its salts.</def>
<hw>Suc"cin*yl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Succin</ets>ic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical characteristic of
succinic acid and certain of its derivatives.</def>
<hw>Suc*cise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Succision</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Appearing as if
a part were cut off at the extremity.</def>
<hw>Suc*ci"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>succisio</ets>, fr. <ets>succidere</ets>,
<ets>succisum</ets>, to cut away below, <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>caedere</ets> to cut.]</ety> <def>The act of cutting down,
as of trees; the act of cutting off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Suc"cor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Succored</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Succoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>socouren</ets>,
OF. <ets>sucurre</ets>, <ets>soucourre</ets>, <ets>secorre</ets>,
F. <ets>secourir</ets>, L. <ets>succurrere</ets>,
<ets>succursum</ets>, to run under, run to the aid of, help,
succor; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>currere</ets> to run. See
<er>Current</er>.]</ety> <def>tiono run to, or run to support;
hence, to help or relieve when in difficulty, want, or distress;
to assist and deliver from suffering; to relieve; <as>as, to
<ex>succor</ex> a besieged city</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>succour</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>He is able to <qex>succor</qex> them that are tempted.</q>
<qau>Heb. ii. 18.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To aid; assist; relieve; deliver; help;
comfort.</syn>
<hw>Suc"cor</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>socours</ets>,
<ets>sucurs</ets>, OF. <ets>sucurs</ets>, <ets>socors</ets>,
<ets>secors</ets>, F. <ets>secours</ets>, L.
<ets>succursus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>succurrere</ets>. See
<er>Succor</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Aid;
help; assistance; esp., assistance that relieves and delivers
from difficulty, want, or distress.</def> \'bdWe beseech mercy
and <xex>succor</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>My noble father . . .
Flying for <qex>succor</qex> to his servant Bannister.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The person or thing that brings relief.</def>
<q>This mighty <qex>succor</qex>, which made glad the foe.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Suc"cor*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being succored or assisted; admitting of relief.</def>
<hw>Suc"cor*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
affords succor; a helper.</def>
<hw>Suc"cor*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of
succor.</def>
<au>Thomson.</au>
<hw>Suc"co*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted
from <ets>chicory</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of
the genus <spn>Cichorium</spn>. See <er>Chicory</er>.</def>
<hw>Suc"co*tash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Narragansett Indian <ets>m'sickquatash</ets> corn boiled
whole.]</ety> <def>Green maize and beans boiled together. The
dish is borrowed from the native Indians.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>suckatash</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Suc`co*teague"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The squeteague.</def>
<hw>\'d8Suc"cu*ba</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Succub\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L.
<ets>succubare</ets> to lie under; <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>cubare</ets> to lie down; cf. L. <ets>succuba</ets>,
<ets>succubo</ets>, one who lies under another.]</ety> <def>A
female demon or fiend. See <er>Succubus</er>.</def>
<q>Though seeming in shape a woman natural
Was a fiend of the kind that <qex>succub\'91</qex> some call.</q>
<qau>Mir. for Mag.</qau>
<hw>Suc"cu*bine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to succuba.</def>
<hw>Suc"cu*bous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Succuba</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the leaves
so placed that the upper part of each one is covered by the base
of the next higher leaf, as in hepatic mosses of the genus
<spn>Plagiochila</spn>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Suc"cu*bus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Succubi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See
<er>Succuba</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A demon or fiend;
especially, a lascivious spirit supposed to have sexual
intercourse with the men by night; a succuba. Cf.
<er>Incubus</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The nightmare. See
<er>Nightmare</er>, 2.</def>
<hw>Suc"cu*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sucula</ets> a winch, windlass, capstan.]</ety>
<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A bare axis or cylinder with staves or
levers in it to turn it round, but without any drum.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Suc"cu*lence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Suc"cu*len*cy</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Succulent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being
succulent; juiciness; <as>as, the <ex>succulence</ex> of a
peach</as>.</def>
<hw>Suc"cu*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>succulentus</ets>, <ets>suculentus</ets>, fr.
<ets>succus</ets>, <ets>sucus</ets>, juice; perhaps akin to E.
<ets>suck</ets>: cf. F. <ets>succulent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of
juice; juicy.</def>
<cs><col>Succulent</col><cd> plants <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, plants
which have soft and juicy leaves or stems, as the houseleek, the
live forever, and the species of Mesembryanthemum.</cd></cs>
<hw>Suc"cu*lent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a succulent
manner.</def>
<hw>Suc"cu*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Succulent;
juicy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Suc*cumb"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Succumbed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Succumbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>succumbere</ets>;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>cumbere</ets> (in comp.), akin to
<ets>cubare</ets> to lie down. See <er>Incumbent</er>,
<er>Cubit</er>.]</ety> <def>To yield; to submit; to give up
unresistingly; <as>as, to <ex>succumb</ex> under calamities; to
<ex>succumb</ex> to disease.</as></def>
<hw>Suc*cum"bent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>succumbens</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Submissive;
yielding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Suc*cur"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>succursale</ets>. See <er>Succor</er>, <pos>n.</pos> &
<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Serving to aid or help; serving as a
chapel of ease; tributary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Not a city was without its cathedral, surrounded by its
<qex>succursal</qex> churches, its monasteries, and convents.</q>
<qau>Milman.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Suc"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Succi</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The
expressed juice of a plant, for medicinal use.</def>
<cs><col>\'d8Succus entericus</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[NL.,
literally, juice of the intestines.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>
<cd>A fluid secreted in small by certain glands (probably the
glands of Lieberk\'81hn) of the small intestines. Its exact
action is somewhat doubtful.</cd></cs>
<hw>Suc`cus*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>succussare</ets> to jolt, v. intens. fr.
<ets>succutere</ets>, <ets>succussum</ets>, to fling up from
below, to toss up; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>quatere</ets> to
shake.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A trot or trotting.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A shaking; succussion.</def>
<hw>Suc*cus"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>succussio</ets>, from <ets>succutere</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>succussion</ets>. See <er>Succussation</er>.]</ety> <def>The
act of shaking; a shake; esp. <fld>(Med.)</fld>, a shaking of the
body to ascertain if there be a liquid in the thorax.</def>
<hw>Suc*cus"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Characterized by a shaking motion, especially an up and down
movement, and not merely tremulous oscillation; <as>as, the
<ex>succussive</ex> motion in earthquakes</as>.</def>
<hw>Such</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>such</ets>, <ets>sich</ets>, <ets>sech</ets>,
<ets>sik</ets>, <ets>swich</ets>, <ets>swilch</ets>,
<ets>swulch</ets>, <ets>swilc</ets>, <ets>swulc</ets>, AS.
<ets>swelc</ets>, <ets>swilc</ets>, <ets>swylc</ets>; akin to
OFries. <ets>selik</ets>, D. <ets>zulk</ets>, OS.
<ets>sulic</ets>, OHG. <ets>sulih</ets>, <ets>solih</ets>, G.
<ets>solch</ets>, Icel. <ets>sl\'c6kr</ets>, OSw.
<ets>salik</ets>, Sw. <ets>slik</ets>, Dan. <ets>slig</ets>,
Goth. <ets>swaleiks</ets>; originally meaning, so shaped.
\'fb192. See <er>So</er>, <er>Like</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Which</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of that kind; of the like
kind; like; resembling; similar; <as>as, we never saw
<ex>such</ex> a day; -- followed by <xex>that</xex> or
<xex>as</xex> introducing the word or proposition which defines
the similarity, or the standard of comparison; <as>as, the books
are not <ex>such</ex> that I can recommend them, or, not
<ex>such</ex> as I can recommend</as>; these apples are not
<ex>such</ex> as those we saw yesterday; give your children
<ex>such</ex> precepts as tend to make them better</as>.</def>
<q>And in his time <qex>such</qex> a conqueror
That greater was there none under the sun.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>His misery was <qex>such</qex> that none of the bystanders
could refrain from weeping.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<note><hand/ The indefinite article <xex>a</xex> or <xex>an</xex>
never precedes <xex>such</xex>, but is placed between it and the
noun to which it refers; as, <xex>such a</xex> man; <xex>such
an</xex> honor. The indefinite adjective <xex>some</xex>,
<xex>several</xex>, <xex>one</xex>, <xex>few</xex>,
<xex>many</xex>, <xex>all</xex>, etc., precede <xex>such</xex>;
as, one <xex>such</xex> book is enough; all <xex>such</xex>
people ought to be avoided; few <xex>such</xex> ideas were then
held.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the particular quality or character
specified.</def>
<q>That thou art happy, owe to God;
That thou continuest <qex>such</qex>, owe to thyself.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The same that; -- with <xex>as</xex>; <as>as,
this was the state of the kingdom at <ex>such</ex> time as the
enemy landed</as>.</def> \'bd[It] hath <xex>such</xex> senses as
we have.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Certain; -- representing the object as already
particularized in terms which are not mentioned.</def>
<q>In rushed one and tells him <qex>such</qex> a knight
Is new arrived.</q>
<qau>Daniel.</qau>
<q>To-day or to-morrow we will go into <qex>such</qex> a city,
and continue there a year.</q>
<qau>James iv. 13.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Such</xex> is used pronominally. \'bdHe was the
father of <xex>such</xex> as dwell in tents.\'b8 <au>Gen. iv.
20</au>. \'bd<xex>Such</xex> as I are free in spirit when our
limbs are chained.\'b8 <au>Sir W. Scott</au>. <xex>Such</xex> is
also used before adjectives joined to substantives; as, the fleet
encountered <xex>such</xex> a terrible storm that it put back.
\'bdEverything was managed with so much care, and <xex>such</xex>
excellent order was observed.\'b8 <au>De Foe.</au>
<q>Temple sprung from a family which . . . long after his death
produced so many eminent men, and formed <qex>such</qex>
distinguished alliances, that, etc.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<xex>Such</xex> is used emphatically, without the correlative.
<q>Now will he be mocking:
I shall have <qex>such</qex> a life.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<xex>Such</xex> was formerly used with numerals in the sense of
<xex>times as much</xex> or <xex>as many</xex>; as, <xex>such
ten</xex>, or ten times as many.</note>
<cs><mcol><col>Such and such</col>, <or/ <col>Such or
such</col></mcol>, <cd>certain; some; -- used to represent the
object indefinitely, as already particularized in one way or
another, or as being of one kind or another. \'bdIn <xex>such and
such<xex> a place shall be my camp.\'b8 <au>2 Kings vi. 8</au>.
\'bdSovereign authority may enact a law commanding <xex>such and
such<xex> an action.\'b8 <au>South</au>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Such
like</col> <or/ <col>character</col></mcol>, <cd>of the like
kind.</cd></cs>
<q>And many other <qex>such like</qex> things ye do.</q>
<qau>Mark vii. 8.</qau>
<hw>Su`cho*spon"dy*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Gr. <?/ a crocodile + <?/ a vertebra.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having dorsal vertebr\'91 with long
and divided transverse processes; -- applied to certain
reptiles.</def>
<hw>Such"wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a such
a manner; so.</def>
<hw>Suck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sucked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sucking</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>suken</ets>, <ets>souken</ets>, AS.
<ets>s<?/can</ets>, <ets>s<?/gan</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>zuigen</ets>, G. <ets>saugen</ets>, OHG. <ets>s<?/gan</ets>,
Icel. <ets>s<?/ga</ets>, <ets>sj<?/ga</ets>, Sw. <ets>suga</ets>,
Dan. <ets>suge</ets>, L. <ets>sugere</ets>. Cf.
<er>Honeysuckle</er>, <er>Soak</er>, <er>Succulent</er>,
<er>Suction</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw, as a liquid,
by the action of the mouth and tongue, which tends to produce a
vacuum, and causes the liquid to rush in by atmospheric pressure;
to draw, or apply force to, by exhausting the air.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw liquid from by the action of the mouth;
<as>as, to <ex>suck</ex> an orange; specifically, to draw milk
from (the mother, the breast, etc.) with the mouth; <as>as, the
young of an animal <ex>sucks</ex> the mother, or dam</as>; an
infant <ex>sucks</ex> the breast</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To draw in, or imbibe, by any process resembles
sucking; to inhale; to absorb; <as>as, to <ex>suck</ex> in air;
the roots of plants <ex>suck</ex> water from the
ground</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To draw or drain.</def>
<q>Old ocean, <qex>sucked</qex> through the porous globe.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To draw in, as a whirlpool; to swallow up.</def>
<q>As waters are by whirlpools <qex>sucked</qex> and drawn.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<cs><col>To suck in</col>, <cd>to draw into the mouth; to imbibe;
to absorb.</cd> -- <col>To suck out</col>, <cd>to draw out with
the mouth; to empty by suction.</cd> -- <col>To suck up</col>,
<cd>to draw into the mouth; to draw up by suction
absorption.</cd></cs>
<hw>Suck</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw, or
attempt to draw, something by suction, as with the mouth, or
through a tube.</def>
<q>Where the bee <qex>sucks</qex>, there <qex>suck</qex> I.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw milk from the breast or udder; <as>as, a
child, or the young of an animal, is first nourished by
<ex>sucking</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To draw in; to imbibe; to partake.</def>
<q>The crown had <qex>sucked</qex> too hard, and now, being full,
was like to draw less.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<hw>Suck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of drawing
with the mouth.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is drawn into the mouth by sucking;
specifically, mikl drawn from the breast.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small draught.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Massinger.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Juice; succulence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Suck"an*hock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of
American Indian origin.]</ety> <def>A kind of seawan. See Note
under <er>Seawan</er>.</def>
<hw>Suck"a*tash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Succotash</er>.</def>
<au>Bartlett.</au>
<hw>Suck"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Socome</er>, <er>Soc</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>
<def>The jurisdiction of a mill, or that extent of ground
astricted to it, the tenants of which are bound to bring their
grain thither to be ground.</def>
<-- p. 1440 -->
<-- p. 1440 -->
<hw>Suck"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who, or that which, sucks; esp., one of the organs by which
certain animals, as the octopus and remora, adhere to other
bodies.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A suckling; a sucking animal.</def>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The embolus, or bucket, of a pump; also, the
valve of a pump basket.</def>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A pipe through which anything is drawn.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A small piece of leather, usually round, having
a string attached to the center, which, when saturated with water
and pressed upon a stone or other body having a smooth surface,
adheres, by reason of the atmospheric pressure, with such force
as to enable a considerable weight to be thus lifted by the
string; -- used by children as a plaything.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shoot from the roots or
lower part of the stem of a plant; -- so called, perhaps, from
diverting nourishment from the body of the plant.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of
numerous species of North American fresh-water cyprinoid fishes
of the family <spn>Catostomid\'91</spn>; so called because the
lips are protrusile. The flesh is coarse, and they are of little
value as food. The most common species of the Eastern United
States are the northern sucker (<spn>Catostomus
Commersoni</spn>), the white sucker (<spn>C. teres</spn>), the
hog sucker (<spn>C. nigricans</spn>), and the chub, or sweet
sucker (<spn>Erimyzon sucetta</spn>). Some of the large Western
species are called <stype>buffalo fish</stype>, <stype>red
horse</stype>, <stype>black horse</stype>, and
<stype>suckerel</stype>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
remora.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The lumpfish.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>
<def>The hagfish, or myxine.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A California
food fish (<spn>Menticirrus undulatus</spn>) closely allied to
the kingfish <sd>(a)</sd>; -- called also
<altname>bagre</altname>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>A parasite; a sponger. See def. 6, above.</def>
<q>They who constantly converse with men far above their estates
shall reap shame and loss thereby; if thou payest nothing, they
will count thee a <qex>sucker</qex>, no branch.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>A hard drinker; a soaker.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>A greenhorn; one easily gulled.</def>
<mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>A nickname applied to a native of
Illinois.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<cs><mcol><col>Carp sucker</col>, <col>Cherry
sucker</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Carp</er>,
<er>Cherry</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Sucker fish</col>. <cd>See
<cref>Sucking fish</cref>, under <er>Sucking</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sucker rod</col>, <cd>a pump rod. See under
<er>Pump</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sucker tube</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the external ambulacral tubes
of an echinoderm, -- usually terminated by a sucker and used for
locomotion. Called also <altname>sucker foot</altname>. See
<er>Spatangoid</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Suck"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suckered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suckering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strip off the suckers or
shoots from; to deprive of suckers; <as>as, to <ex>sucker</ex>
maize</as>.</def>
<hw>Suck"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form suckers; <as>as,
corn <ex>suckers</ex> abundantly</as>.</def>
<hw>Suck"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Suck</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, <er>Succades</er>.]</ety> <def>A
sweetmeat; a dainty morsel.</def>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Suck"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sucker fish.</def>
<hw>Suck"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Drawing milk from the
mother or dam; hence, colloquially, young, inexperienced, <as>as,
a <ex>sucking</ex> infant; a <ex>sucking</ex> calf</as>.</def>
<q>I suppose you are a young barrister, <qex>sucking</qex>
lawyer, or that sort of thing.</q>
<qau>Thackeray.</qau>
<cs><col>Sucking bottle</col>, <cd>a feeding bottle. See under
<er>Bottle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sucking fish</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the remora. See <er>Remora</er>.</cd>
<au>Baird</au>. -- <col>Sucking pump</col>, <cd>a suction pump.
See under <er>Suction</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sucking stomach</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the muscular first stomach of certain
insects and other invertebrates which suck liquid food.</cd></cs>
<hw>Suc"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A teat.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>
<hw>Suc"kle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Suckled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Suckling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq.
of <ets>suck</ets>.]</ety> <def>To give suck to; to nurse at the
breast.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<q>The breasts of Hecuba
When she did <qex>suckle</qex> Hector, looked not lovelier.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>They are not weak, <qex>suckled</qex> by Wisdom.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<hw>Suc"kle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To nurse; to suck.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Suc"kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal that suckles its young; a
mammal.</def>
<hw>Suck"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sokeling</ets>. See <er>Suck</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A young child or animal nursed at the
breast.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small kind of yellow clover (<spn>Trifolium
filiforme</spn>) common in Southern Europe.</def>
<hw>Su"crate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A compound of sucrose (or of some related carbohydrate) with
some base, after the analogy of a salt; <as>as, sodium
<ex>sucrate</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Su"cre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A silver
coin of Ecuador, worth 68 cents.</def>
<hw>Su"crose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sucre</ets> sugar. See <er>Sugar</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A common variety of sugar found in the
juices of many plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, sugar maple,
beet root, etc. It is extracted as a sweet, white crystalline
substance which is valuable as a food product, and, being
antiputrescent, is largely used in the preservation of fruit.
Called also <altname>saccharose</altname>, <altname>cane
sugar</altname>, etc. By extension, any one of the class of
isomeric substances (as <xex>lactose</xex>, <xex>maltose</xex>,
etc.) of which sucrose proper is the type.</def>
<note><hand/ Sucrose proper is a dextrorotatory carbohydrate,
<chform>C12H22O11</chform>. It does not reduce Fehling's
solution, and though not directly fermentable, yet on standing
with yeast it is changed by the diastase present to invert sugar
(<xex>dextrose</xex> and <xex>levulose</xex>), which then breaks
down to alcohol and carbon dioxide. It is also decomposed to
invert sugar by heating with acids, whence it is also called a
<altname>disaccharate</altname><-- disaccharide-->. Sucrose
possesses at once the properties of an alcohol and a ketone, and
also forms compounds (called <xex>sucrates</xex>) analogous to
salts. Cf. <er>Sugar</er>.</note>
<hw>Suc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sugere</ets>, <ets>suctum</ets>, to suck; cf. OF.
<ets>suction</ets>. See <er>Suck</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<def>The act or process of sucking; the act of drawing, as
fluids, by exhausting the air.</def>
<cs><col>Suction chamber</col>, <cd>the chamber of a pump into
which the suction pipe delivers.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Suction
pipe</col>, <col>Suction valve</col></mcol>, <cd>the induction
pipe, and induction valve, of a pump, respectively.</cd> --
<col>Suction pump</col>, <cd>the common pump, in which the water
is raised into the barrel by atmospheric pressure. See
<xex>Illust<xex>. of <er>Pump</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Suc*to"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Suction</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An order of Infusoria having the body armed with
somewhat stiff, tubular processes which they use as suckers in
obtaining their food. They are usually stalked.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Rhizocephala</er>.</def>
<hw>Suc*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sugere</ets>, <ets>suctum</ets>, to suck.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Adapted for sucking; living by
sucking; <as>as, the humming birds are <ex>suctorial</ex>
birds</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Capable of adhering by
suction; <as>as, the <ex>suctorial</ex> fishes</as>.</def>
<hw>Suc*to"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cartilaginous fish with a mouth
adapted for suction, as the lampery.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Suctoria.</def>
<hw>Suc*to"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Suctorial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Su*dam"i*na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl</pos>,
<sing>sing. <singw>Sudamen</singw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></sing>.
<ety>[NL. <ets>sudamen</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, fr.
<ets>sudare</ets> to sweat. See <er>Sweat</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Minute vesicles surrounded by an area of
reddened skin, produced by excessive sweating.</def>
<hw>\'d8Su*da"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a
handkerchief.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The handkerchief
upon which the Savior is said to have impressed his own portrait
miraculously, when wiping his face with it, as he passed to the
crucifixion.</def><-- = Veronica's veil. -->
<hw>Su"da*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sudarium</ets>, fr. <ets>sudare</ets> to sweat. See
<er>Sweat</er>.]</ety> <def>A napkin or handkerchief.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif. R. Browning.</au>
<hw>Su*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sudatio</ets>, fr. <ets>sudare</ets> to sweat: cf. F.
<ets>sudation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sweating.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Su`da*to"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sudatoria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A
sudatory.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>Su"da*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sudatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>sudare</ets> to sweat: cf. F.
<ets>sudatoire</ets>. See <er>Sweat</er>.]</ety> <def>Sweating;
perspiring.</def>
<hw>Su"da*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sudatories</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>sudatorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bagnio; a sweating bath; a
vapor bath.</def>
<q>These <qex>sudatories</qex> are much in request for many
infirmities.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<hw>Sud"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sodian</ets>, <ets>sodein</ets>, OF. <ets>sodain</ets>,
<ets>sudain</ets>, F. <ets>soudain</ets>, L.
<ets>subitaneus</ets>, fr. <ets>subitus</ets> sudden, that has
come unexpectedly, p.p. of <ets>subire</ets> to come on, to steal
upon; <ets>sub</ets> under, secretly + <ets>ire</ets> to go. See
<er>Issue</er>, and cf. <er>Subitaneous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Happening without previous notice or with very brief notice;
coming unexpectedly, or without the common preparation;
immediate; instant; speedy.</def> \'bdO <xex>sudden</xex> wo!\'b8
<au>Chaucer</au>. \'bdFor fear of <xex>sudden</xex> death.\'b8
<au>Shak</au>.
<q><qex>Sudden</qex> fear troubleth thee.</q>
<qau>Job xxii. 10.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hastly prepared or employed; quick; rapid.</def>
<q>Never was such a <qex>sudden</qex> scholar made.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The apples of Asphaltis, appearing goodly to the
<qex>sudden</qex> eye.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Unexpected; unusual; abrupt; unlooked-for.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sud"den*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sud"den*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sud"den</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Suddenly;
unexpectedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Herbs of every leaf that <qex>sudden</qex> flowered.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sud"den</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An unexpected occurrence; a
surprise.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>All of a sudden</col>, <col>On a sudden</col>,
<col>Of a sudden</col></mcol>, <cd>sooner than was expected;
without the usual preparation; suddenly.</cd></cs>
<q>How art thou lost! how <qex>on a sudden</qex> lost!</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>He withdrew his opposition <qex>all of a sudden</qex>.</q>
<qau>Thackeray.</qau>
<hw>Sud"den*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>soudainet\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suddenness; a sudden.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<cs><col>On a suddenty</col>, <cd>on a sudden.</cd>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark> <au>Sir W. Scott.</au></cs>
<hw>Su"dor*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sudor</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to sweat; <as>as,
<ex>sudoral</ex> eruptions</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`dor*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sudor</ets> sweat + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Producing, or secreting, sweat;
sudoriparous.</def>
<cs><col>Sudoriferous glands</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>small
convoluted tubular glands which are situated in the subcutaneous
tissues and discharge by minute orifices in the surface of the
skin; the sweat glands.</cd></cs>
<hw>Su`dor*if"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sudor</ets> sweat (akin to E. <ets>sweat</ets>) +
<ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Causing sweat; <as>as,
<ex>sudorific</ex> herbs</as>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>
<def>A sudorific medicine. Cf. <er>Diaphoretic</er>.</def></def2>
<hw>Su`dor*ip"a*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sudor</ets> sweat + <ets>parere</ets> to produce.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Sudoriferous</er>.</def>
<hw>Su"dor*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sudorus</ets>, fr. <ets>sudor</ets> sweat.]</ety>
<def>Consisting of sweat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>\'d8Su"dra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.
<ets>\'87<?/dra</ets>.]</ety> <def>The lowest of the four great
castes among the Hindoos. See <er>Caste</er>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>Soorah</asp>, <asp>Soodra</asp>, and
<asp>Sooder</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Suds</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Akin to
<ets>sodden</ets>, <ets>seethe</ets>. See <er>Seethe</er>.]</ety>
<def>Water impregnated with soap, esp. when worked up into
bubbles and froth.</def>
<cs><col>In the suds</col>, <cd>in turmoil or difficulty.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <au>Beau. & Fl.</au></cs>
<hw>Sue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.
& p. p.</pos> <er>Sued</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Suing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>suen</ets>, <ets>sewen</ets>, <ets>siwen</ets>, OF.
<ets>sivre</ets> (pres.ind. 3d sing. il <ets>siut</ets>,
<ets>suit</ets>, he follows, nous <ets>sevons</ets> we follow),
LL. <ets>sequere</ets>, for L. <ets>sequi</ets>,
<ets>secutus</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>sac</ets> to
accompany, and probably to E. <ets>see</ets>, v.t. See
<er>See</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Consequence</er>,
<er>Ensue</er>, <er>Execute</er>, <er>Obsequious</er>,
<er>Pursue</er>, <er>Second</er>, <er>Sect</er> in religion,
<er>Sequence</er>, <er>Suit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
follow up; to chase; to seek after; to endeavor to win; to
woo.</def>
<q>For yet there was no man that haddle him <qex>sued</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>I was beloved of many a gentle knight,
And <qex>sued</qex> and sought with all the service due.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q><qex>Sue</qex> me, and woo me, and flatter me.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To seek justice or
right from, by legal process; to institute process in law
against; to bring an action against; to prosecute
judicially.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To proceed with, as an
action, and follow it up to its proper termination; to gain by
legal process.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To clean, as the beak; --
said of a hawk.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To leave high and dry on
shore; <as>as, to <ex>sue</ex> a ship</as>.</def>
<au>R. H. Dana, Jr.</au>
<cs><col>To sue out</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to petition for
and take out, or to apply for and obtain; <as>as, <ex>to sue
out<ex> a writ in chancery; <ex>to sue out<ex> a pardon for a
criminal</as>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
seek by request; to make application; to petition; to entreat; to
plead.</def>
<q>By adverse destiny constrained to <qex>sue</qex>
For counsel and redress, he <qex>sues</qex> to you.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>C\'91sar came to Rome to <qex>sue</qex> for the double honor
of a triumph and the consulship.</q>
<qau>C. Middleton.</qau>
<q>The Indians were defeated and <qex>sued</qex> for peace.</q>
<qau>Jefferson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To prosecute; to make legal
claim; to seek (for something) in law; <as>as, to <ex>sue</ex>
for damages</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To woo; to pay addresses as a lover.</def>
<au>Massinger.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To be left high and dry on
the shore, as a ship.</def>
<au>R. H. Dana, Jr.</au>
<hw>Su"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Uniformly or
evenly distributed or spread; even; smooth. See
<er>Suant</er>.</def>
<au>Thoreau.</au>
<hw>Su"ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Evenly; smoothly.</def>
<hw>Su"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who sues; a
suitor.</def>
<hw>Su"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>suet</ets>, dim. fr. OF. <ets>seu</ets>, <ets>suif</ets>, F.
<ets>suif</ets>, L. <ets>sebum</ets>. Cf. <er>Soap</er>,
<er>Sebaceous</er>.]</ety> <def>The fat and fatty tissues of an
animal, especially the harder fat about the kidneys and loins in
beef and mutton, which, when melted and freed from the membranes,
forms tallow.</def>
<hw>Su"et*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of,
or resembling, suet; <as>as, a <ex>suety</ex>
substance</as>.</def>
<hw>Suf-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A form of the prefix
<er>Sub-</er>.</def>
<hw>Suf"fer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suffered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suffering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>suffren</ets>,
<ets>soffren</ets>, OF. <ets>sufrir</ets>, <ets>sofrir</ets>, F.
<ets>souffrir</ets>, (assumed) LL. <ets>sofferire</ets>, for L.
<ets>sufferre</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>ferre</ets> to
bear, akin to E. <ets>bear</ets>. See <er>Bear</er> to
support.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feel, or endure, with pain,
annoyance, etc.; to submit to with distress or grief; to undergo;
<as>as, to <ex>suffer</ex> pain of body, or grief of
mind</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To endure or undergo without sinking; to
support; to sustain; to bear up under.</def>
<q>Our spirit and strength entire,
Strongly to <qex>suffer</qex> and support our pains.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To undergo; to be affected by; to sustain; to
experience; <as>as, most substances <ex>suffer</ex> a change when
long exposed to air and moisture; to <ex>suffer</ex> loss or
damage.</as></def>
<q>If your more ponderous and settled project
May <qex>suffer</qex> alteration.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To allow; to permit; not to forbid or hinder; to
tolerate.</def>
<q>Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not
<qex>suffer</qex> sin upon him.</q>
<qau>Lev. xix. 17.</qau>
<q>I <qex>suffer</qex> them to enter and possess.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To permit; bear; endure; support; sustain; allow;
admit; tolerate. See <er>Permit</er>.</syn>
<hw>Suf"fer</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feel or
undergo pain of body or mind; to bear what is inconvenient;
<as>as, we <ex>suffer</ex> from pain, sickness, or sorrow; we
<ex>suffer</ex> with anxiety</as>.</def>
<q>O well for him whose will is strong!
He <qex>suffers</qex>, but he will not <qex>suffer</qex>
long.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To undergo punishment; specifically, to undergo
the penalty of death.</def>
<q>The father was first condemned to <qex>suffer</qex> upon a day
appointed, and the son afterwards the day following.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be injured; to sustain loss or damage.</def>
<q>Public business <qex>suffers</qex> by private infirmities.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<hw>Suf"fer*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>souffrable</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Able to suffer or
endure; patient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdYe must be
<xex>sufferable</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That may be suffered, tolerated, or permitted;
allowable; tolerable.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Suf"fer*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Suf"fer*a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Suf"fer*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>suffrance</ets>, OF. <ets>sufrance</ets>,
<ets>soufrance</ets>, F. <ets>souffrance</ets>, L.
<ets>sufferentia</ets>, from <ets>sufferens</ets>,
<ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>sufferre</ets>. See
<er>Suffer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of suffering;
the bearing of pain; endurance.</def>
<q>He must not only die the death,
But thy unkindness shall his death draw out
To lingering <qex>sufferance</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pain endured; misery; suffering; distress.</def>
<q>The seeming <qex>sufferances</qex> that you had borne.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Loss; damage; injury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A grievous . . . <qex>sufferance</qex> on most part of their
fleet.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Submission under difficult or oppressive
circumstances; patience; moderation.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>But hasty heat tempering with <qex>sufferance</qex> wise.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Negative consent by not forbidding or hindering;
toleration; permission; allowance; leave.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>In their beginning they are weak and wan,
But soon, through <qex>sufferance</qex>, grow to fearful end.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Somewhiles by <qex>sufferance</qex>, and somewhiles by special
leave and favor, they erected to themselves oratories.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A permission granted by the customs authorities
for the shipment of goods.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<cs><col>Estate of sufferance</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the
holding by a tenant who came in by a lawful title, but remains,
after his right has expired, without positive leave of the owner.
<xex>Blackstone<xex>.</cd> -- <col>On sufferance</col>, <cd>by
mere toleration; <as>as, to remain in a house <ex>on
sufferance<ex></as>.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Endurance; pain; misery; inconvenience; patience;
moderation; toleration; permission.</syn>
<hw>Suf"fer*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who suffers; one who endures or undergoes suffering; one
who sustains inconvenience or loss; <as>as, <ex>sufferers</ex> by
poverty or sickness; men are <ex>sufferers</ex> by fire or by
losses at sea.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who permits or allows.</def>
<hw>Suf"fer*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The bearing of pain,
inconvenience, or loss; pain endured; distress, loss, or injury
incurred; <as>as, <ex>sufferings</ex> by pain or sorrow;
<ex>sufferings</ex> by want or by wrongs.</as></def> \'bdSouls in
<xex>sufferings</xex> tried.\'b8
<au>Keble.</au>
<hw>Suf"fer*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being in pain or grief;
having loss, injury, distress, etc.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Suf"fer*ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<-- p. 1441 -->
<hw>Suf*fice"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sufficed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sufficing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>suffisen</ets>, OF.
<ets>soufire</ets>, F. <ets>suffire</ets> (cf.
<ets>suffisant</ets>, p.pr.), L. <ets>sufficere</ets> to put
under, to substitute, to avail for, to suffice; <ets>sub</ets>
under + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety>
<def>To be enough, or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything);
to be equal to the end proposed; to be adequate.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>To recount almighty works,
What words or tongue of seraph can <qex>suffice</qex>?</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Suf*fice"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To satisfy;
to content; to be equal to the wants or demands of.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>Let it <qex>suffice</qex> thee; speak no more unto me of this
matter.</q>
<qau>Deut. iii. 26.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish; to supply adequately.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The power appeased, with winds <qex>sufficed</qex> the
sail.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Suf*fi"cience</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sufficiently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Suf*fi"cien*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sufficientia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>suffisance</ets>. See
<er>Suffice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of
being sufficient, or adequate to the end proposed;
adequacy.</def>
<q>His <qex>sufficiency</qex> is such that he bestows and
possesses, his plenty being unexhausted.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Qualification for any purpose; ability;
capacity.</def>
<q>A substitute or most allowed <qex>sufficiency</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>I am not so confident of my own <qex>sufficiency</qex> as not
willingly to admit the counsel of others.</q>
<qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Adequate substance or means; competence.</def>
\'bdAn elegant <xex>sufficiency</xex>.\'b8
<au>Thomson.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Supply equal to wants; ample stock or
fund.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Conceit; self-confidence;
self-sufficiency.</def>
<q><qex>Sufficiency</qex> is a compound of vanity and
ignorance.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Temple.</qau>
<hw>Suf*fi"cient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sufficiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>sufficere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>suffisant</ets>. See
<er>Suffice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Equal to the end
proposed; adequate to wants; enough; ample; competent; <as>as,
provision <ex>sufficient</ex> for the family; an army
<ex>sufficient</ex> to defend the country</as>.</def>
<q>My grace is <qex>sufficient</qex> for thee.</q>
<qau>2 Cor. xii. 9.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Possessing adequate talents or accomplishments;
of competent power or ability; qualified; fit.</def>
<q>Who is <qex>sufficient</qex> for these things?</q>
<qau>2 Cor. ii. 16.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Capable of meeting obligations;
responsible.</def>
<q>The man is, notwithstanding, <qex>sufficient</qex> . . . I
think I may take his bond.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Self-sufficient; self-satisfied; content.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Thou art the most <qex>sufficient</qex> (I'll say for thee),
Not to believe a thing.</q>
<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Enough; adequate; competent; full; satisfactory;
ample.</syn>
<hw>Suf*fi"cient*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>To a sufficient
degree; to a degree that answers the purpose, or gives content;
enough; <as>as, we are <ex>sufficiently</ex> supplied with food;
a man <ex>sufficiently</ex> qualified for the discharge of his
official duties</as>.</def>
<hw>Suf*fi"cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affording
enough; satisfying.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Suf*fi"cing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Suf*fi"cing*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Suf*fi"sance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Sufficiency</er>.]</ety> <def>Sufficiency; plenty; abundance;
contentment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>He could in little thing have <qex>suffisaunce</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Suf*fi"sant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sufficient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Suf"fix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suffixus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>suffigere</ets> to fasten on,
to affix; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>figere</ets> to fix: cf. F.
<ets>suffixe</ets>. See <er>Fix</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
letter, letters, syllable, or syllables added or appended to the
end of a word or a root to modify the meaning; a postfix.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A subscript mark, number, or
letter. See <er>Subscript</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>
<hw>Suf*fix"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suffixed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suffixing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To add or annex to the end,
as a letter or syllable to a word; to append.</def>
<hw>Suf*fix"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
suffixing, or the state of being suffixed.</def>
<hw>Suf*fix"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Suffixion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Earle.</au>
<hw>Suf*flam"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sufflaminatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>sufflaminare</ets> to hold
back by a clog, from <ets>sufflamen</ets> a clog.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To retard the motion of, as a carriage, by
preventing one or more of its wheels from revolving, either by
means of a chain or otherwise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to stop; to impede.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Suf*flate"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sufflatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>sufflare</ets> to blow up,
inflate; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>flare</ets> to blow.]</ety>
<def>To blow up; to inflate; to inspire.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>T. Ward.</au>
<hw>Suf*fla"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sufflatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of blowing up or
inflating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Coles.</au>
<hw>Suf"fo*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suffocatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>suffocare</ets> to choke;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>fauces</ets> the throat. Cf.
<er>Faucal</er>.]</ety> <def>Suffocated; choked.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Suf"fo*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suffocated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suffocating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To choke or
kill by stopping respiration; to stifle; to smother.</def>
<q>Let not hemp his windpipe <qex>suffocate</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To destroy; to extinguish; <as>as, to
<ex>suffocate</ex> fire</as>.</def>
<hw>Suf"fo*cate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become choked,
stifled, or smothered.</def> \'bdA swelling discontent is apt to
<xex>suffocate</xex> and strangle without passage.\'b8
<au>collier.</au>
<hw>Suf"fo*ca`ting</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Suffocate</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def> --
<wordforms><wf>Suf"fo*ca`ting*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Suf`fo*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suffocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>suffocation</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The act of suffocating, or the state of being suffocated;
death caused by smothering or choking.</def>
<note><hand/ The term <xex>suffocation</xex> is sometimes
employed synonymously with <xex>asphyxia</xex>. In the strict
medico-legal sense it signifies <xex>asphyxia</xex> induced by
obstruction of the respiration otherwise than by direct pressure
on the neck (hanging, strangulation) or submersion
(drowning).</note>
<au>Quain.</au>
<hw>Suf"fo*ca*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending
or able to choke or stifle.</def> \'bd<xex>Suffocative</xex>
catarrhs.\'b8
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Suf*fos"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suffossio</ets>, from <ets>suffodere</ets>,
<ets>suffossum</ets>, to dig under; <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>fodere</ets> to dig.]</ety> <def>A digging under; an
undermining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Suf"fra*gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>suffragant</ets>, L. <ets>suffragans</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>suffragari</ets> to support with one's vote, to be
favorable. See <er>Suffrage</er>.]</ety> <def>Assisting;
assistant; <as>as, a <ex>suffragan</ex> bishop</as>.</def>
<hw>Suf"fra*gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>suffragant</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>suffraganeus</ets>. See
<er>Suffragan</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
assistant.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A bishop considered as an
assistant, or as subject, to his metropolitan; an assistant
bishop.</def>
<hw>Suf"fra*gan*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a
suffragan.</def>
<hw>Suf"fra*gant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>
<def>Suffragan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Suf"fra*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suffragated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suffragating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>suffragatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>suffragari</ets>. See
<er>Suffragan</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To vote or vote
with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Suffragating</xex>
tribes.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Suf"fra*ga`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who assists or favors by his vote.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Suf"frage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.
<ets>suffragium</ets>; perhaps originally, a broken piece, a
potsherd, used in voting, and fr. <ets>sub</ets> under + the root
of <ets>frangere</ets> to break. See <er>Break</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A vote given in deciding a controverted
question, or in the choice of a man for an office or trust; the
formal expression of an opinion; assent; vote.</def>
<q>I ask your voices and your <qex>suffrages</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Testimony; attestation; witness; approval.</def>
<q>Lactantius and St. Austin confirm by their <qex>suffrage</qex>
the observation made by heathen writers.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<q>Every miracle is the <qex>suffrage</qex> of Heaven to the
truth of a doctrine.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A short
petition, as those after the creed in matins and evensong.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A prayer in general, as one offered for the
faithful departed.</def>
<au>Shipley.</au>
<q>I firmly believe that there is a purgatory, and that the souls
therein detained are helped by the <qex>suffrages</qex> of the
faithful.</q>
<qau>Creed of Pope Pius IV.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Aid; assistance.</def> <mark>[A Latinism]</mark>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<-- 5. <def>The right to vote; franchise.</def> -->
<hw>Suf"frage</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To vote for; to
elect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<-- <hw>Sufragette.</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who advocates
the right to vote for women; a woman suffragist.</def> -->
<hw>Suf*frag"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suffraginosus</ets> diseased in the hock, fr.
<ets>suffrago</ets> the pastern, or hock.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to the hock of a beast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Suf"fra*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who possesses or exercises the political right of
suffrage; a voter.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who has certain opinions or desires about
the political right of suffrage; <as>as, a woman
<ex>suffragist</ex></as>.</def><-- if female, usu. suffragette.
-->
<q>It is curious that . . . Louisa Castelefort should be obliged
after her marriage immediately to open her doors and turn ultra
liberal, or an universal <qex>suffragist</qex>.</q>
<qau>Miss Edgeworth.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Suf*fra"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., the
hock, from <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>frangere</ets> to
break.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The heel joint.</def>
<hw>Suf"france</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sufferance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Suf`fru*tes"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>suf-</ets> + <ets>frutescent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Slightly woody at the base.</def>
<hw>Suf*fru"ti*cose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>suf-</ets> + <ets>fruticose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Woody in the lower part of the stem, but with the yearly
branches herbaceous, as sage, thyme, hyssop, and the like.</def>
<hw>Suf*fru"ti*cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Suffruticose.</def>
<hw>Suf*fu"mi*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suffumigated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suffumigating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>suffumigatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>suffumigare</ets> to
fumigate from below. See <er>Sub-</er>, and
<er>Fumigate</er>.]</ety> <def>To apply fumes or smoke to the
parts of, as to the body in medicine; to fumigate in part.</def>
<hw>Suf*fu`mi*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suffumigatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>suffumigation</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The operation of suffumigating.</def>
<hw>Suf*fu"mige</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>suffumigium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A medical fume.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Harvey.</au>
<hw>Suf*fuse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suffused</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suffusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>suffusus</ets>,
p.p. of <ets>suffundere</ets> to overspread; <ets>sub</ets> under
+ <ets>fundere</ets> to pour. See <er>Fuse</er> to melt.]</ety>
<def>To overspread, as with a fluid or tincture; to fill or
cover, as with something fluid; <as>as, eyes <ex>suffused</ex>
with tears; cheeks <ex>suffused</ex> with blushes</as>.</def>
<q>When purple light shall next <qex>suffuse</qex> the skies.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Suf*fu"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suffusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>suffusion</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of suffusing, or state of
being suffused; an overspreading.</def>
<q>To those that have the jaundice, or like <qex>suffusion</qex>
of eyes, objects appear of that color.</q>
<qau>Ray.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That with which a thing is suffused.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A blending of one color
into another; the spreading of one color over another, as on the
feathers of birds.</def>
<hw>Su"fi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the name of
a dynasty of Persian kings, <ets>Saf\'c6</ets>,
<ets>Safav\'c6</ets>; said to come from name
<ets>Saf\'c6-ud-d\'c6n</ets> of an ancestor of the family,
confused with <ets>s<?/f\'c6</ets> pious.]</ety> <def>A title or
surname of the king of Persia.</def>
<hw>Su"fi</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar. & Per.
<ets>s<?/f\'c6</ets>, wise, pious, devout.]</ety> <def>One of a
certain order of religious men in Persia.</def> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>sofi</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Su"fism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A refined
mysticism among certain classes of Mohammedans, particularly in
Persia, who hold to a kind of pantheism and practice extreme
asceticism in their lives.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sofism</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sug</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of worm or
larva.</def>
<au>Walton.</au>
<hw>Sug"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sugre</ets>, F. <ets>sucre</ets> (cf. It.
<ets>zucchero</ets>, Sp. <ets>az\'a3car</ets>), fr. Ar.
<ets>sukkar</ets>, <ets>assukkar</ets>, fr. Skr.
<ets>\'87arkar\'be</ets> sugar, gravel; cf. Per.
<ets>shakar</ets>. Cf. <er>Saccharine</er>,
<er>Sucrose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sweet white (or
brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a sandy or granular
consistency, obtained by crystallizing the evaporated juice of
certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar
maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of
food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the
Note below.</def>
<note><hand/ The term <xex>sugar</xex> includes several
commercial grades, as the <xex>white</xex> or <xex>refined</xex>,
<xex>granulated</xex>, <xex>loaf</xex> or <xex>lump</xex>, and
the <xex>raw brown</xex> or <xex>muscovado</xex>. In a more
general sense, it includes several distinct chemical compounds,
as the <xex>glucoses</xex>, or <xex>grape sugars</xex> (including
glucose proper, dextrose, and levulose), and the
<xex>sucroses</xex>, or true sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars
are carbohydrates. See <er>Carbohydrate</er>.
The <xex>glucoses</xex>, or <xex>grape sugars</xex>, are
ketone alcohols of the formula <chform>C6H12O6</chform>, and they
turn the plane of polarization to the right or the left. They are
produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by the action of heat
and acids of ferments, and are themselves decomposed by
fermentation into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The only sugar
(called <xex>acrose</xex>) as yet produced artificially belongs
to this class. The <xex>sucroses</xex>, or <xex>cane
sugars</xex>, are doubled glucose anhydrides of the formula
<chform>C12H22O11</chform>. They are usually not fermentable as
such (cf. <er>Sucrose</er>), and they act on polarized
light.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste
or appearance; <as>as, <ex>sugar</ex> of lead (lead acetate), a
poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweet
taste</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Compliment or flattery used to disguise or
render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing
words.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<cs><col>Acorn sugar</col>. <cd>See <er>Quercite</er>.</cd> --
<col>Cane sugar</col>, <cd>sugar made from the sugar cane;
sucrose, or an isomeric sugar. See <er>Sucrose</er>.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Diabetes</col>, <or/ <col>Diabetic</col>,
<col>sugar</col></mcol> <fld>(Med. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of
sugar (probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine in
diabetes mellitus.</cd> -- <col>Fruit sugar</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Fruit</er>, and <er>Fructose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grape
sugar</col>, <cd>a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose or
glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe grapes, and
also produced from many other sources. See <er>Dextrose</er>, and
<er>Glucose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Invert sugar</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Invert</er>.</cd> -- <col>Malt sugar</col>, <cd>a variety of
sugar isomeric with sucrose, found in malt. See
<er>Maltose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Manna sugar</col>, <cd>a substance
found in manna, resembling, but distinct from, the sugars. See
<er>Mannite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Milk sugar</col>, <cd>a variety of
sugar characteristic of fresh milk, and isomeric with sucrose.
See <er>Lactose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Muscle sugar</col>, <cd>a
sweet white crystalline substance isomeric with, and formerly
regarded to, the glucoses. It is found in the tissue of muscle,
the heart, liver, etc. Called also <altname>heart
sugar</altname>. See <er>Inosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pine
sugar</col>. <cd>See <er>Pinite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Starch
sugar</col> <fld>(Com. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of dextrose
made by the action of heat and acids on starch from corn,
potatoes, etc.; -- called also <altname>potato sugar</altname>,
<altname>corn sugar</altname>, and, inaccurately, <altname>invert
sugar</altname>. See <er>Dextrose</er>, and
<er>Glucose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sugar barek</col>, <cd>one who
refines sugar.</cd> -- <col>Sugar beet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a variety of beet (<spn>Beta vulgaris</spn>) with very large
white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe, for the sugar
obtained from them.</cd> -- <col>Sugar berry</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the hackberry.</cd> -- <col>Sugar
bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species
of small South American singing birds of the genera
<spn>C\'d2reba</spn>, <spn>Dacnis</spn>, and allied genera
belonging to the family <spn>C\'d2rebid\'91</spn>. They are
allied to the honey eaters.</cd> -- <col>Sugar bush</col>.
<cd>See <er>Sugar orchard</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sugar camp</col>,
<cd>a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple sugar is
made.</cd> -- <col>Sugar candian</col>, <cd>sugar candy.</cd>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Sugar candy</col>, <cd>sugar
clarified and concreted or crystallized; candy made from
sugar.</cd> -- <col>Sugar cane</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
tall perennial grass (<spn>Saccharum officinarium</spn>), with
thick short-jointed stems. It has been cultivated for ages as the
principal source of sugar.</cd> -- <col>Sugar loaf</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the
form of a truncated cone.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A hat shaped like
a sugar loaf.</cd>
<q>Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that <qex>sugar
loaf</qex>?</q>
<qau>J. Webster.</qau>
-- <col>Sugar maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the rock maple
(<spn>Acer saccharinum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sugar mill</col>, <cd>a machine for pressing out the juice
of the sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers,
between which the cane is passed.</cd> -- <col>Sugar mite</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small mite
(<spn>Tyroglyphus sacchari</spn>), often found in great numbers
in unrefined sugar.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The lepisma.</cd> --
<col>Sugar of lead</col>. <cd>See <er>Sugar</er>, 2, above.</cd>
-- <col>Sugar of milk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Milk</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sugar orchard</col>, <cd>a collection of maple trees
selected and preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them;
-- called also, sometimes, <altname>sugar bush</altname>.
<mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd> <au>Bartlett</au>. -- <col>Sugar
pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an immense coniferous tree
(<spn>Pinus Lambertiana</spn>) of California and Oregon,
furnishing a soft and easily worked timber. The resinous
exudation from the stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has
been used as a substitute for sugar.</cd> -- <col>Sugar
squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian flying
phalanger (<spn>Belideus sciureus</spn>), having a long bushy
tail and a large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See
<xex>Illust<xex>. under <er>Phlanger</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sugar
tongs</col>, <cd>small tongs, as of silver, used at table for
taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl.</cd> -- <col>Sugar
tree</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Sugar maple</cref>,
above.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sug"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>In making
maple sugar, to complete the process of boiling down the sirup
till it is thick enough to crystallize; to approach or reach the
state of granulation; -- with the preposition
<xex>off</xex>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark><-- field = sugar
making -->
<hw>Sug"ar</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sugared</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Sugaring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
impregnate, season, cover, or sprinkle with sugar; to mix sugar
with.</def> \'bdWhen I <xex>sugar</xex> my liquor.\'b8
<au>G. Eliot.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover with soft words; to disguise by
flattery; to compliment; to sweeten; <as>as, to <ex>sugar</ex>
reproof</as>.</def>
<q>With devotion's visage
And pious action we do <qex>sugar</qex> o'er
The devil himself.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sug"ared</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sweetened.</def> \'bdThe <xex>sugared</xex> liquor.\'b8
<au>Spenser</au>. <def>Also used figuratively; <as>as,
<ex>sugared</ex> kisses</as>.</def>
<-- p. 1442 -->
<hw>Sug"ar-house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
building in which sugar is made or refined; a sugar
manufactory.</def>
<hw>Sug"ar*i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being sugary, or sweet.</def>
<hw>Sug"ar*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
covering or sweetening with sugar; also, the sugar thus
used.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or process of making sugar.</def>
<hw>Sug"ar*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without sugar; free from
sugar.</def>
<hw>Sug"ar*plum`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
candy or sweetneat made up in small balls or disks.</def>
<hw>Sug"ar*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Resembling or containing sugar; tasting of sugar;
sweet.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fond of sugar or sweet things; <as>as, a
<ex>sugary</ex> palate</as>.</def>
<hw>Su*ges"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sugere</ets> to suck.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to
sucking.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Paley.</au>
<hw>Sug*gest"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suggested</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suggesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>suggestus</ets>,
p.p. of <ets>suggerere</ets> to put under, furnish, suggest;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>gerere</ets> to carry, to bring. See
<er>Jest</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To introduce indirectly to
the thoughts; to cause to be thought of, usually by the agency of
other objects.</def>
<q>Some ideas . . . are <qex>suggested</qex> to the mind by all
the ways of sensation and reflection.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To propose with difference or modesty; to hint;
to intimate; <as>as, to <ex>suggest</ex> a difficulty</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To seduce; to prompt to evil; to tempt.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Knowing that tender youth is soon <qex>suggested</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To inform secretly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<syn>Syn. -- To hint; allude to; refer to; insinuate.</syn>
<hw>Sug*gest"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make suggestions; to
tempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>And ever weaker grows through acted crime,
Or seeming-genial, venial fault,
Recurring and <qex>suggesting</qex> still.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Sug*gest"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
suggests.</def>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>
<hw>Sug*ges"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>suggestion</ets>, L. <ets>suggestio</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of suggesting; presentation of an
idea.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is suggested; an intimation; an
insinuation; a hint; a different proposal or mention; also,
formerly, a secret incitement; temptation.</def>
<q>Why do I yield to that <qex>suggestion</qex>?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Charge; complaint; accusation.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA false <xex>suggestion</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Information without oath; an
entry of a material fact or circumstance on the record for the
information of the court, at the death or insolvency of a
party.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Physiol. & Metaph.)</fld> <def>The act or power
of originating or recalling ideas or relations, distinguished as
original and relative; -- a term much used by Scottish
metaphysicians from Hutcherson to Thomas Brown.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Hint; allusion; intimation; insinuation.</syn>
<usage> -- <er>Suggestion</er>, <er>Hint</er>. A <xex>hint</xex>
is the briefest or most indirect mode of calling one's attention
to a subject. A <xex>suggestion</xex> is a putting of something
before the mind for consideration, an indirect or guarded mode of
presenting argument or advice. A <xex>hint</xex> is usually
something slight or covert, and may by merely negative in its
character. A <xex>suggestion</xex> is ordinarily intended to
furnish us with some practical assistance or direction. \'bdHe
gave me a <xex>hint</xex> of my danger, and added some
<xex>suggestions</xex> as to the means of avoiding
it.\'b8</usage>
<q>Willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike,
Just <qex>hint</qex> a fault, and hesitate dislike.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<q>Arthur, whom they say is killed to-night
On your <qex>suggestion</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sug*gest"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing
a suggestion, hint, or intimation.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sug*gest"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sug*gest"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sug*gest"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Suggestion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>They fancy that every thought must needs have an immediate
outward <qex>suggestment</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hare.</qau>
<hw>Sug*gest"ress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman
who suggests.</def> \'bdThe <xex>suggestress</xex> of
suicides.\'b8
<au>De Quincey.</au>
<hw>Sug"gil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suggillare</ets>, <ets>sugillare</ets>,
<ets>suggillatum</ets>, <ets>sugillatum</ets>, literally, to beat
black and blue.]</ety> <def>To defame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Abp. Parker.</au>
<hw>Sug"gil*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Suggil</er>.]</ety> <def>To beat livid, or black and
blue.</def>
<au>Wiseman.</au>
<hw>Sug`gil*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suggillatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>suggillation</ets>.]</ety>
<def>A livid, or black and blue, mark; a blow; a bruise.</def>
<hw>Su"i*ci`dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Partaking
of, or of the nature of, the crime or suicide.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Su"i*ci`dal*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Su"i*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sui</ets> of one's self (akin to <ets>suus</ets> one's own)
+ <ets>caedere</ets> to slay, to kill. Cf. <er>So</er>,
<pos>adv.</pos>, <er>Homicide</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act of taking one's own life voluntary and intentionally;
self-murder; specifically <fld>(Law)</fld>, the felonious killing
of one's self; the deliberate and intentional destruction of
one's own life by a person of years of discretion and of sound
mind.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One guilty of self-murder; a felo-de-se.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ruin of one's own interests.</def> \'bdIntestine
war, which may be justly called political <xex>suicide</xex>.\'b8
<au>V. Knox.</au>
<hw>Su`i*cid"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Suicidal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su"i*ci*dism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being suicidal, or self-murdering.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Su"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suus</ets> one's own.]</ety> <def>Selfishness; egoism.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Whitlock.</au>
<hw>\'d8Su"i gen"e*ris</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Of
his or its own kind.</def>
<hw>Su"il*lage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>souillage</ets>, <ets>soillage</ets>, fr.
<ets>souiller</ets>, <ets>soiller</ets>. See <er>Soil</er> to
stain, and cf. <er>Sullage</er>.]</ety> <def>A drain or
collection of filth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written
also <asp>sulliage</asp>, and <asp>sullage</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<hw>Su"il*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sus</ets> hog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to a hog or the Hog family
(<spn>Suid\'91</spn>).</def>
<hw>Su"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Suint</er>.]</ety> <def>A mixture of oleomargarine with lard
or other fatty ingredients. It is used as a substitute for
butter. See <er>Butterine</er>.</def>
<hw>Su"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>suer</ets> to sweat, L. <ets>sudare</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
process of soaking through anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Su"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sue</er> to
follow.]</ety> <def>In succession; afterwards.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. More.</au>
<hw>Su"int</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A peculiar substance obtained from the
wool of sheep, consisting largely of potash mixed with fatty and
earthy matters. It is used as a source of potash and also for the
manufacture of gas.</def>
<hw>Su`i*gothus"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Suiones</ets> (a Teutonic tribe in what is now Sweeden) + E.
<ets>Goth</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Scandinavian Goths. See the Note
under <er>Goths</er>.</def>
<hw>Su"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>suus</ets> belinging
to himself or to one's self.]</ety> <def>One who seeks for things
which gratify merely himself; a selfish person; a selfist.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Whitlock.</au>
<hw>Suit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>suite</ets>, F. <ets>suite</ets>, OF. <ets>suite</ets>,
<ets>sieute</ets>, fr. <ets>suivre</ets> to follow, OF.
<ets>sivre</ets>; perhaps influenced by L. <ets>secta</ets>. See
<er>Sue</er> to follow, and cf. <er>Sect</er>,
<er>Suite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of following or
pursuing, as game; pursuit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of suing; the process by which one
endeavors to gain an end or an object; an attempt to attain a
certain result; pursuit; endeavor.</def>
<q>Thenceforth the <qex>suit</qex> of earthly conquest shone.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of wooing in love; the solicitation of a
woman in marriage; courtship.</def>
<q>Rebate your loves, each rival <qex>suit</qex> suspend,
Till this funereal web my labors end.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The attempt to gain an end by
legal process; an action or process for the recovery of a right
or claim; legal application to a court for justice; prosecution
of right before any tribunal; <as>as, a civil <ex>suit</ex>; a
criminal <ex>suit</ex>; a <ex>suit</ex> in chancery.</as></def>
<q>I arrest thee at the <qex>suit</qex> of Count Orsino.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>In England the several <qex>suits</qex>, or remedial
instruments of justice, are distinguished into three kinds --
actions personal, real, and mixed.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which follows as a retinue; a company of
attendants or followers; the assembly of persons who attend upon
a prince, magistrate, or other person of distinction; -- often
written <xex>suite</xex>, and pronounced
<pr>sw<emac/t</pr>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Things that follow in a series or succession;
the individual objects, collectively considered, which constitute
a series, as of rooms, buildings, compositions, etc.; -- often
written <xex>suite</xex>, and pronounced
<pr>sw<emac/t</pr>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>A number of things used together, and generally
necessary to be united in order to answer their purpose; a number
of things ordinarily classed or used together; a set; <as>as, a
<ex>suit</ex> of curtains; a <ex>suit</ex> of armor; a
<ex>suit</ex> of clothes.</as></def> \'bdTwo rogues in buckram
<xex>suits</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Playing Cards)</fld> <def>One of the four sets
of cards which constitute a pack; -- each set consisting of
thirteen cards bearing a particular emblem, as hearts, spades,
cubs, or diamonds.</def>
<q>To deal and shuffle, to divide and sort
Her mingled <qex>suits</qex> and sequences.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>Regular order; succession.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Every five and thirty years the same kind and <qex>suit</qex>
of weather comes again.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<-- 10. [From def. 7, someone who dresses in a business suit, as
contrasted with more informal attire] A person, such as business
executive, or government official, who is apt to view a situation
formalistically, bureaucratically, or according to formal
procedural ctriteria; -- used derogatively for one who is
inflexible, esp. when a more humanistic or imaginative approach
would be appropriate. -->
<cs><col>Out of suits</col>, <cd>having no correspondence.</cd>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak</au>. -- <col>Suit and service</col>
<fld>(Feudal Law)</fld>, <cd>the duty of feudatories to attend
the courts of their lords or superiors in time of peace, and in
war to follow them and do military service; -- called also
<altname>suit service</altname>.</cd> <au>Blackstone</au>. --
<col>Suit broker</col>, <cd>one who made a trade of obtaining the
suits of petitioners at court.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --
<col>Suit court</col></mcol> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the
court in which tenants owe attendance to their lord.</cd> --
<col>Suit covenant</col> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a covenant
to sue at a certain court.</cd> -- <col>Suit custom</col>
<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a service which is owed from time
immemorial.</cd> -- <col>Suit service</col>. <fld>(Feudal
Law)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Suit and service</cref>, above.</cd> --
<col>To bring suit</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To
bring <xex>secta<xex>, followers or witnesses, to prove the
plaintiff's demand.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In
modern usage, to institute an action.</cd> -- <col>To follow
suit</col>. <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Follow</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></cd></cs>
<hw>Suit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Suited</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suiting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fit; to adapt;
to make proper or suitable; <as>as, to <ex>suit</ex> the action
to the word</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be fitted to; to accord with; to become; to
befit.</def>
<q>Ill <qex>suits</qex> his cloth the praise of railing well.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Raise her notes to that sublime degree
Which <qex>suits</qex> song of piety and thee.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To dress; to clothe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>So went he <qex>suited</qex> to his watery tomb.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To please; to make content; <as>as, he is well
<ex>suited</ex> with his place; to <ex>suit</ex> one's
taste</as>.</def>
<hw>Suit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To agree; to accord; to be
fitted; to correspond; -- usually followed by <xex>with</xex> or
<xex>to</xex>.</def>
<q>The place itself was <qex>suiting</qex> to his care.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>Give me not an office
That <qex>suits</qex> with me so ill.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To agree; accord; comport; tally; correspond; match;
answer.</syn>
<hw>Suit`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being suitable; suitableness.</def>
<hw>Suit"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of
suiting; fitting; accordant; proper; becoming; agreeable;
adapted; <as>as, ornaments <ex>suitable</ex> to one's station;
language <ex>suitable</ex> for the subject</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Suit"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Suit"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<syn>Syn. -- Proper; fitting; becoming; accordant; agreeable;
competent; correspondent; compatible; consonant; congruous;
consistent.</syn>
<hw>Suite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Suit</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A retinue or
company of attendants, as of a distinguished personage; <as>as,
the <ex>suite</ex> of an ambassador</as>. See <er>Suit</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 5.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A connected series or succession of objects; a
number of things used or clessed together; a set; <as>as, a
<ex>suite</ex> of rooms; a <ex>suite</ex> of minerals</as>. See
<er>Suit</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6.</def>
<q>Mr. Barnard took one of the candles that stood upon the king's
table, and lighted his majesty through a <qex>suite</qex> of
rooms till they came to a private door into the library.</q>
<qau>Boswell.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One of the old musical forms,
before the time of the more compact <xex>sonata</xex>, consisting
of a string or series of pieces all in the same key, mostly in
various dance rhythms, with sometimes an elaborate prelude. Some
composers of the present day affect the <xex>suite</xex>
form.</def>
<hw>Suit"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Among tailors,
cloth suitable for making entire suits of clothes.</def>
<hw>Suit"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One
who sues, petitions, or entreats; a petitioner; an
applicant.</def>
<q>She hath been a <qex>suitor</qex> to me for her brother.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, one who solicits a woman in
marriage; a wooer; a lover.</def>
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who sues or
prosecutes a demand in court; a party to a suit, as a plaintiff,
petitioner, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>
<def>One who attends a court as plaintiff, defendant, petitioner,
appellant, witness, juror, or the like.</def>
<hw>Suit"ress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female
supplicant.</def>
<au>Rowe.</au>
<hw>\'d8Su"ji</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.
<ets>s<?/f\'c6</ets>.]</ety> <def>Indian wheat, granulated but
not pulverized; a kind of semolina.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>soojee</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>\'d8Su"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Icel. <ets>s<?/la</ets> the gannet. See <er>Solan
goose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of sea
birds including the booby and the common gannet.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sul"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sul"ca*ted</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>sulcatus</ets>,
p.p. of <ets>sulcare</ets> to furrow, fr. <ets>sulcus</ets> a
furrow.]</ety> <def>Scored with deep and regular furrows;
furrowed or grooved; <as>as, a <ex>sulcated</ex> stem</as>.</def>
<hw>Sul*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A channel
or furrow.</def>
<hw>Sul"ci*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the
form of a sulcus; <as>as, <ex>sulciform</ex> markings</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sul"cus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sulci</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a furrow.]</ety>
<def>A furrow; a groove; a fissure.</def>
<hw>Su"le*ah fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A coarse fish of India, used in making a breakfast relish
called <xex>burtah</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sulk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sulcus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A furrow.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sulk</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sulkiness</er>.]</ety> <def>To be silently sullen; to be
morose or obstinate.</def>
<au>T. Hook.</au>
<hw>Sulk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sulks.</def>
<hw>Sulk"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sulky
manner.</def>
<hw>Sulk"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For
<ets>sulkenness</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>solcen</ets> slothful,
remiss, in \'be<ets>solcen</ets>, be<ets>solcen</ets>, properly
p.p. of <ets>sealcan</ets> in \'be<ets>sealcan</ets> to be weak
or slothful; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>The quality or
state of being sulky; sullenness; moroseness; <as>as,
<ex>sulkiness</ex> of disposition</as>.</def>
<hw>Sulks</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>The condition
of being sulky; a sulky mood or humor; <as>as, to be in the
<ex>sulks</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sulk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sulkier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sulkiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Sulkiness</er>, and cf. <er>Sulky</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<def>Moodly silent; sullen; sour; obstinate; morose;
splenetic.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Sullen</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sulk"y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Sulkies</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Sulky</er>, <pos>a.</pos>; --
so called from the owner's desire of riding alone.]</ety> <def>A
light two-wheeled carriage for a single person.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sulky</xex> is used adjectively in the names of
several agricultural machines drawn by horses to denote that the
machine is provided with wheels and a seat for the driver; as,
<xex>sulky</xex> plow; <xex>sulky</xex> harrow; <xex>sulky</xex>
rake, etc.</note>
<hw>Sull</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>suluh</ets>, <ets>sulh</ets>, a plow; cf. OHG.
<ets>suohili</ets> a little plow.]</ety> <def>A plow.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Ainsworth.</au>
<hw>Sul"lage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Suillage</er>, <er>Sulliage</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Drainage of filth; filth collected from the street or
highway; sewage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The streets were exceedingly large, well paved, having many
vaults and conveyances under them for <qex>sullage</qex>.</q>
<qau>Evelyn.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which sullies or defiles.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>It is the privilege of the celestial luminaries to receive no
tincture, <qex>sullage</qex>, or difilement from the most noisome
sinks and dunghills here below.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The scoria on the surface
of molten metal in the ladle.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Hydraul. Engin.)</fld> <def>Silt; mud deposited
by water.</def>
<cs><col>Sullage piece</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>the sprue
of a casting. See <er>Sprue</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1
<sd>(b)</sd>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sul"len</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>solein</ets>, <ets>solain</ets>, lonely, sullen; through Old
French fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>solanus</ets> solitary, fr. L.
<ets>solus</ets> alone. See <er>Sole</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Lonely; solitary; desolate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wyclif (Job iii. 14).</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gloomy; dismal; foreboding.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>Solemn hymns so <qex>sullen</qex> dirges change.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious.</def>
<q>Such <qex>sullen</qex> planets at my birth did shine.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; affected
with ill humor; morose.</def>
<q>And <qex>sullen</qex> I forsook the imperfect feast.</q>
<qau>Prior.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Obstinate; intractable.</def>
<q>Things are as <qex>sullen</qex> as we are.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Heavy; dull; sluggish.</def> \'bdThe larger
stream was placid, and even <xex>sullen</xex>, in its course.\'b8
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Sulky; sour; cross; ill-natured; morose; peevish;
fretful; ill-humored; petulant; gloomy; malign;
intractable.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Sullen</er>, <er>Sulky</er>.
Both <xex>sullen</xex> and <xex>sulky</xex> show themselves in
the demeanor. <xex>Sullenness</xex> seems to be an habitual
sulkiness, and <xex>sulkiness</xex> a temporary sullenness. The
former may be an innate disposition; the latter, a disposition
occasioned by recent injury. Thus we are in a <xex>sullen</xex>
mood, and in a <xex>sulky</xex> fit.</usage>
<q>No cheerful breeze this <qex>sullen</qex> region knows;
The dreaded east is all the wind that blows.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sul"len*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sul"len*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sul"len</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is
solitary, or lives alone; a hermit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Sullen feelings or manners;
sulks; moroseness; <as>as, to have the
<ex>sullens</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sul"len</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make sullen or
sluggish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Sullens</qex> the whole body with . . . laziness.</q>
<qau>Feltham.</qau>
<hw>Sul"le*vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sublevare</ets> to raise up. Cf.
<er>Sublevation</er>.]</ety> <def>To rouse; to excite.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Daniel.</au>
<-- p. 1443 -->
<hw>Sul"li*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Sullage</er>, <er>Suillage</er>, or <er>Sully</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Foulness; filth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Though we wipe away with never so much care the dirt thrown at
us, there will be left some <qex>sulliage</qex> behind.</q>
<qau>Gov. of Tongue.</qau>
<hw>Sul"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sullied</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sullying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sulien</ets>, AS.
<ets>sylian</ets>, fr. <ets>sol</ets> mire; akin to G.
<ets>suhle</ets> mire, <ets>sich</ets>, <ets>s\'81hlen</ets> to
wallow, Sw. <ets>s\'94la</ets> to bemire, Dan.
<ets>s\'94le</ets>, Goth. bi<ets>saulijan</ets> to defile.]</ety>
<def>To soil; to dirty; to spot; to tarnish; to stain; to darken;
-- used literally and figuratively; <as>as, to <ex>sully</ex> a
sword; to <ex>sully</ex> a person's reputation</as>.</def>
<q>Statues <qex>sullied</qex> yet with sacrilegious smoke.</q>
<qau>Roscommon.</qau>
<q>No spots to <qex>sully</qex> the brightness of this
solemnity.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<hw>Sul"ly</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become soiled or
tarnished.</def>
<q>Silvering will <qex>sully</qex> and canker more than
gilding.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<hw>Sul"ly</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Sullies</plw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>Soil; tarnish; stain.</def>
<q>A noble and triumphant merit breaks through little spots and
<qex>sullies</qex> in his reputation.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>
<hw>Sulph*ac"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sulpho-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acid in which, to a greater or less
extent, sulphur plays a part analogous to that of oxygen in an
oxyacid; thus, thiosulphuric and sulpharsenic acids are
<xex>sulphacids</xex>; -- called also
<altname>sulphoacid</altname>. See the Note under <er>Acid</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>
<hw>Sulph*am"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphamic acid.</def>
<hw>Sulph*am"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a sulphamide; derived
from, or related to, a sulphamide; specifically, designating an
amido acid derivative, <chform>NH2.SO2.OH</chform>, of sulphuric
acid (analogous to sulphonic acid) which is not known in the free
state, but is known in its salts.</def>
<hw>Sulph*am"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of amido compounds
obtained by treating sulphuryl chloride with various
amines.</def>
<hw>Sulph`a*nil"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<ets>sulph</ets>uric + <ets>ani</ets>lene.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an
anilene sulphonic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline
substance.</def>
<hw>Sulph*an`ti*mo"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphantimonic acid.</def>
<hw>Sulph*an`ti*mon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sulph</ets>o- + <ets>antimonic</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
hypothetical sulphacid of antimony (called also
<xex>thioantimonic acid</xex>) analogous to sulpharsenic
acid.</def>
<hw>Sulph*an`ti*mo"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
hypothetical sulphacid of antimony (called also
<xex>thioantimonious acid</xex>) analogous to sulpharsenious
acid.</def>
<hw>Sulph*an"ti*mo*nite`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphantimonious acid.</def>
<hw>Sulph*ar"se*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulpharsenic acid.</def>
<hw>Sulph`ar*sen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sulph</ets>o\'cf + <ets>arsenic</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
hypothetical sulphacid (called also <xex>thioarsenic acid</xex>)
analogous to arsenic acid, and known only in its salts.</def>
<hw>Sulph`ar*se"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
hypothetical sulphacid (called also <xex>thioarsenious
acid</xex>) analogous to arsenious acid, and known only in its
salts.</def>
<hw>Sulph*ar"se*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulpharsenious acid.</def>
<hw>Sul"phate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>sulphas</ets>, <ets>sulphatis</ets>, fr. L.
<ets>sulphur</ets>, <ets>sulfur</ets>, brimstone, sulphur: cf. F.
<ets>sulfate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of
sulphuric acid.</def>
<hw>Sul*phat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, resembling, or
containing, a sulphate or sulphates.</def>
<hw>Sul"pha*to-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
combining form (also used adjectively) denoting a <xex>sulphate
as an ingredient</xex> in certain double salts; <as>as,
<ex>sulphato</ex>-carbonate</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sulph*au"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphauric acid.</def>
<hw>Sulph*au"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sulph</ets>o\'cf + <ets>aurum</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
hypothetical sulphacid of gold (<xex>aurum</xex>), known only in
its salts.</def>
<hw>Sul"phide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A binary compound of sulphur, or one so regarded; --
formerly called <altname>sulphuret</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>Double sulphide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a compound
of two sulphides.</cd> -- <col>Hydrogen sulphide</col>.
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Hydrogen</er>.</cd> --
<col>Metallic sulphide</col>, <cd>a binary compound of sulphur
with a metal.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sul"phi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of a sulphinic acid.</def>
<hw>Sulph*in`di*got"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
sulphonic acid obtained, as a blue solution, by dissolving indigo
in sulphuric acid; -- formerly called also <altname>cerulic
sulphuric</altname> acid, but properly called
<altname>indigo-disulphonic acid</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sul"phine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Any one of a series of basic compounds which consist
essentially of sulphur united with hydrocarbon radicals. In
general they are oily or crystalline deliquescent substances
having a peculiar odor; as, <stype>trimethyl sulphine</stype>,
<chform>(CH3)3S.OH</chform>. Cf. <er>Sulphonium</er>.</def>
<hw>Sul*phin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, any
one of a series of acids regarded as acid ethereal salts of
hyposulphurous acid; <as>as, methyl <ex>sulphinic</ex> acid,
<chform>CH3.SO.OH</chform>, a thick unstable liquid</as>.</def>
<hw>Sul"phi*nide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sulph</ets>o\'cf + am<ets>in</ets>e +
anhydr<ets>ide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white or
yellowish crystalline substance,
<chform>C6H4.(SO2.CO).NH</chform>, produced artificially by the
oxidation of a sulphamic derivative of toluene. It is the
sweetest substance known, having over two hundred times the
sweetening power of sugar, and is known in commerce under the
name of <altname>saccharine</altname>. It has acid properties and
forms salts (which are inaccurately called
<xex>saccharinates</xex>).</def>
<au>I. Remsen.</au>
<hw>Sul"phi*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sulph</ets>o- + <ets>ion</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical,
<chform>SO4</chform>, regarded as forming the acid or negative
constituent of sulphuric acid and the sulphates in electrolytic
decomposition; -- so called in accordance with the binary theory
of salts.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sulphione</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sulph*i"on*ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of sulphion, or one so
regarded; thus, sulphuric acid, H<?/SO<?/, is a
<xex>sulphionide</xex>.</def>
<hw>Sul"phite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sulfite</ets>. See <er>Sulphur</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphurous acid.</def>
<hw>Sul"pho-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix
(also used adjectively) designating <xex>sulphur as an
ingredient</xex> in certain compounds. Cf. <er>Thio-</er>.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*ar*sen"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld><def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, sulphur
and arsenic; -- said of an acid which is the same as arsenic acid
with the substitution of sulphur for oxygen.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*car"bon*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphocarbonic acid; a
thiocarbonate.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*car*bon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
sulphacid, <chform>H2CSO2</chform> (called also
<altname>thiocarbonic</altname> <it>acid</it>), or an acid,
<chform>H2CS3</chform>, analogous to carbonic acid, obtained as a
yellow oily liquid of a pungent odor, and forming salts.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*cy"a*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphocyanic acid; -- also
called <altname>thiocyanate</altname>, and formerly inaccurately
<altname>sulphocyanide</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>Ferric sulphocyanate</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a
dark red crystalline substance usually obtained in a blood-red
solution, and recognized as a test for ferric iron.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sul`pho*cy*an"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sulphur</er>, <er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Of, pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a
sulphacid, <chform>HSCN</chform>, analogous to cyanic acid, and
obtained as a colorless deliquescent crystalline substance,
having a bitter saline taste, and not poisonous.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*cy"a*nide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sulphocyanate</er>.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Persulphocyanogen</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sul"pho*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A substance employed as a hypnotic,
produced by the union of mercaptan and acetone.</def>
<hw>Sul"pho*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphonic acid.</def>
<hw>Sul"phone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Any one of a series of compounds analogous to the ketones,
and consisting of the sulphuryl group united with two hydrocarbon
radicals; <as>as, dimethyl <ex>sulphone</ex>,
(CH<?/)<?/</as>.SO<?/.</def>
<hw>Sul*phon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, a
sulphone; -- used specifically to designate any one of a series
of acids (regarded as acid ethereal salts of sulphurous acid)
obtained by the oxidation of the mercaptans, or by treating
sulphuric acid with certain aromatic bases (as benzene); <as>as,
phenyl <ex>sulphonic</ex> acid, <chform>C6H5.SO2.OH</chform>, a
stable colorless crystalline substance</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sulphonic group</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the
hypothetical radical, <chform>SO2.OH</chform>, the characteristic
residue of sulphonic acids.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sul*pho"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sulph</ets>ur + amm<ets>onium</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical,
<chform>SH3</chform>, regarded as the type and nucleus of the
sulphines.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*phos"phate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphophosphoric acid.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*phos"phite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphophosphorous acid.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*phos*phor"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid
of phosphorus, analogous to phosphoric acid, and known in its
salts.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*phos"phor*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
hypothetical acid of phosphorus, analogous to phosphorous acid,
and known in its salts.</def>
<hw>Sul"pho*salt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of a sulphacid.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*stan"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphostannic acid.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*stan"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
sulphacid of tin (more exactly called <xex>metasulphostannic
acid</xex>), which is obtained as a dark brown amorphous
substance, H<?/SnS<?/, forming a well-known series of
salts.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*tung"state</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphotungstic acid.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*tung"stic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating,
hypothetical sulphacid of tungsten (called also
<xex>sulphowolframic acid</xex>), analogous to sulphuric acid,
and known in its salts.</def>
<hw>Sul`pho*vin"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sulpho-</ets> + <ets>vinum</ets> wine: cf. F.
<ets>sulfovinique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of,
pertaining to, and formerly designating, ethylsulphuric
acid.</def>
<hw>Sul"phur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., better
<ets>sulfur</ets>: cf. F. <ets>soufre</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nonmetallic element occurring naturally
in large quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as
<xex>pyrites</xex>) and sulphates (as <xex>gypsum</xex>), or
native in volcanic regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and
various earthy materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S.
Atomic weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral
sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.</def>
<note><hand/ It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a
lemon-yellow powder (by sublimation), called <xex>flour</xex>, or
<xex>flowers</xex>, <xex>of sulphur</xex>, or in cast sticks
called <xex>roll sulphur</xex>, or <xex>brimstone</xex>. It burns
with a blue flame and a peculiar suffocating odor. It is an
ingredient of gunpowder, is used on friction matches, and in
medicine (as a laxative and insecticide), but its chief use is in
the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can be obtained in two
crystalline modifications, in orthorhombic octahedra, or in
monoclinic prisms, the former of which is the more stable at
ordinary temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical
relations, of a group of elements, including <xex>selenium</xex>
and <xex>tellurium</xex>, called collectively the <xex>sulphur
group</xex>, or <xex>family</xex>. In many respects sulphur
resembles oxygen.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of yellow or orange butterflies of the subfamily
<xex>Pierin\'91</xex>; <as>as, the clouded <ex>sulphur</ex>
(<ex>Eurymus</ex>, or <ex>Colias</ex>, <ex>philodice</ex>), which
is the common yellow butterfly of the Eastern United
States</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Amorphous sulphur</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an
elastic variety of sulphur of a resinous appearance, obtained by
pouring melted sulphur into water. On standing, it passes back
into a brittle crystalline modification.</cd> -- <col>Liver of
sulphur</col>. <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Hepar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sulphur acid</col>.
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sulphacid</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sulphur alcohol</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Mercaptan</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sulphur auratum</col>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a golden yellow
powder, consisting of antimonic sulphide, <chform>Sb2S5</chform>,
-- formerly a famous nostrum.</cd> -- <col>Sulphur base</col>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an alkaline sulphide capable of acting as
a base in the formation of sulphur salts according to the old
dual theory of salts.</cd> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> -- <col>Sulphur
dioxide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a colorless gas,
<chform>SO2</chform>, of a pungent, suffocating odor, produced by
the burning of sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the production
of sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called also
<altname>sulphurous anhydride</altname>, and formerly
<altname>sulphurous acid</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sulphur
ether</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a sulphide of hydrocarbon
radicals, formed like the ordinary ethers, which are oxides, but
with sulphur in the place of oxygen.</cd> -- <col>Sulphur
salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt of a sulphacid; a
sulphosalt.</cd> -- <col>Sulphur showers</col>, <cd>showers of
yellow pollen, resembling sulphur in appearance, often carried
from pine forests by the wind to a great distance.</cd> --
<col>Sulphur trioxide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white
crystalline solid, <chform>SO3</chform>, obtained by oxidation of
sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in water with a hissing noise and
the production of heat, forming sulphuric acid, and is employed
as a dehydrating agent. Called also <altname>sulphuric
anhydride</altname>, and formerly <altname>sulphuric
acid</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sulphur whale</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sulphur-bottom</er>.</cd> --
<col>Vegetable sulphur</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>lycopodium
powder. See under <er>Lycopodium</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sul"phu*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sulphuratus</ets>, <ets>sulfuratus</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Sulphureous.</def> <mark>[Poetic & R.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Sul"phu*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sulphurated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sulphurating</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To
sulphurize.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<hw>Sul`phu*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sulfuration</ets>, L. <ets>sulphuratio</ets>,
<ets>sulfuratio</ets>, a vein of sulphur.]</ety> <def>The act or
process of combining or impregnating with sulphur or its
compounds; also, the state of being so combined or
impregnated.</def>
<hw>Sul"phu*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
apparatus for impregnating with, or exposing to the action of,
sulphur; especially, an apparatus for fumigating or bleaching by
means of the fumes of burning sulphur.</def>
<hw>Sul`phur-bot"tom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large whalebone whale of the
genus <spn>Sibbaldius</spn>, having a yellowish belly;
especially, <spn>S. sulfureus</spn> of the North Pacific, and
<spn>S. borealis</spn> of the North Atlantic; -- called also
<altname>sulphur whale</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sul`phu*re"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being sulphureous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Sul*phu"re*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sulphureus</ets>, <ets>sulfureus</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Consisting of sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur, or
brimstone; impregnated with sulphur.</def>
<q>Her snakes united, <qex>sulphureous</qex> waters drink.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sul*phu"re*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sul*phu"re*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sul"phu*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sulphide; <as>as, a <ex>sulphuret</ex>
of potassium</as>.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>
<hw>Sul"phu*ret`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Combined or impregnated with sulphur; sulphurized.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>sulphuretted</asp>.]</altsp>
<cs><col>Sulphureted hydrogen</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Hydrogen sulphide</cref>, under
<er>Hydrogen</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sul*phu"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sulfurique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining
to sulphur; <as>as, a <ex>sulphuric</ex> smell</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Derived from, or containing,
sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in which the
element has a higher valence as contrasted with the
<xex>sulphurous</xex> compounds; <as>as, <ex>sulphuric</ex>
acid</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sulphuric acid</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Sulphur trioxide
(see under <er>Sulphur</er>); -- formerly so called on the
dualistic theory of salts.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>
A heavy, corrosive, oily liquid, <chform>H2SO4</chform>,
colorless when pure, but usually yellowish or brownish, produced
by the combined action of sulphur dioxide, oxygen (from the air),
steam, and nitric fumes. It attacks and dissolves many metals and
other intractable substances, sets free most acids from their
salts, and is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric and nitric
acids, of soda, of bleaching powders, etc. It is also powerful
dehydrating agent, having a strong affinity for water, and eating
and corroding paper, wood, clothing, etc. It is thus used in the
manufacture of ether, of imitation parchment, and of
nitroglycerin. It is also used in etching iron, in removing iron
scale from forgings, in petroleum refining, etc., and in general
its manufacture is the most important and fundamental of all the
chemical industries. Formerly called <altname>vitriolic
acid</altname>, and now popularly <altname>vitriol</altname>, and
<altname>oil of vitriol</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fuming
sulphuric acid</col>, <or/ <col>Nordhausen sulphuric
acid</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Disulphuric acid</cref>, under
<er>Disulphuric</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sulphuric anhydride</col>,
<cd>sulphur trioxide. See under <er>Sulphur</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sulphuric ether</col>, <cd>common an\'91sthetic ether; -- so
called because made by the catalytic action of sulphuric acid on
alcohol. See <er>Ether</er>, 3 <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd><-- now usu.
ether or ethyl ether. --></cs>
<hw>Sul"phur*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sulphureous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sul"phur*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Exposure to the fumes
of burning sulphur, as in bleaching; the process of bleaching by
exposure to the fumes of sulphur.</def>
<hw>Sul"phur*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To combine or impregnate with sulphur or
any of its compounds; <as>as, to <ex>sulphurize</ex> caoutchouc
in vulcanizing</as>.</def>
<-- p. 1444 -->
<hw>Sul"phur*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sulphurosus</ets>, <ets>sulfurosus</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>sulfureux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to
sulphur.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Derived from, or
containing, sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in
which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with the
<xex>sulphuric</xex> compounds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having
the characteristic odor of sulphur dioxide, or of hydrogen
sulphide, or of other sulphur compounds.</def>
<cs><col>Sulphurous acid</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Sulphur dioxide.
See under <er>Sulphur</er>.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>
An acid, <chform>H2SO3</chform>, not known in the free state
except as a solution of sulphur dioxide in water, but forming a
well-known series of salts (the <xex>sulphites<xex>).</cd> --
<col>Sulphurous anhydride</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sulphur
dioxide. See under <er>Sulphur</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sul"phur*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The hog's fennel. See under
<er>Fennel</er>.</def>
<hw>Sul"phur*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling,
or partaking of the nature of, sulphur; having the qualities of
sulphur.</def>
<hw>Sul"phur*yl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sulphur</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical
<chform>SO2</chform>; -- called also
<altname>sulphon</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>Sulphuryl chloride</col>, <cd>a chloride, pungent,
fuming liquid, <chform>SO2.Cl2</chform>, obtained by the action
of phosphorus pentachloride on sulphur trioxide. On treatment
with water it decomposes into sulphuric and hydrochloric acids,
and is hence called also <altname>sulphuric
chloranhydride</altname>.</cd></cs><-- used in organic chemistry
to prepare acyl chlorides fro organic acids. -->
<hw>Sul*phy"drate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound, analogous to a hydrate,
regarded as a salt of sulphydric acid, or as a derivative of
hydrogen sulphide in which one half of the hydrogen is replaced
by a base (as potassium <xex>sulphydrate</xex>,
<chform>KSH</chform>), or as a hydrate in which the oxygen has
been wholly or partially replaced by sulphur.</def>
<hw>Sul*phy"dric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating,
hydrogen sulphide, which is regarded as an acid, especially when
in solution.</def>
<hw>Sul*pi"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called
after the parish of St. <ets>Sulpice</ets> in Paris, of which the
founder, Jean Jacques Olier, was pastor in 1643.]</ety> <fld>(R.
C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of an order of priests established in
France in 1642 to educate men for the ministry. The order was
introduced soon afterwards into Canada, and in 1791 into the
United States.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>Sulpitian</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sul"tan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sultan</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>soldan</ets>, It.
<ets>sultano</ets>, <ets>soldano</ets>), Ar. <ets>sult\'ben</ets>
sultan, dominion. Cf. <er>Soldan</er>.]</ety> <def>A ruler, or
sovereign, of a Mohammedan state; specifically, the ruler of the
Turks; the Padishah, or Grand Seignior; -- officially so
called.</def>
<cs><col>Sultan flower</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<cref>Sweet sultan</cref>, under <er>Sweet</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sul*ta"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The wife of a sultan; a sultaness.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A kind of seedless raisin
produced near Smyrna in Asiatic Turkey.</def>
<cs><col>Sultana bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
hyacinthine, or purple, gallinule. See <xex>Illust<xex>. under
<er>Gallinule</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sul"tan*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sultanat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The rule or dominion of a
sultan; sultanship.</def>
<hw>Sul"tan*ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sultana.</def>
<hw>Sul*tan"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to a sultan.</def>
<hw>Sul"tan-red`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
deep red color.</def>
<hw>Sul"tan*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
dominions of a sultan.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sul"tan*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office or dignity
of a sultan.</def>
<hw>Sul"tan*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sultanry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Sul"try*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
sultry manner.</def>
<hw>Sul"tri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being sultry.</def>
<hw>Sul"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sultrier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sultriest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From
<er>Sweltry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Very hot, burning, and
oppressive; <as>as, Libya's <ex>sultry</ex> deserts</as>.</def>
<q>Such as, born beneath the burning sky
And <qex>sultry</qex> sun, betwixt the tropics lie.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Very hot and moist, or hot, close, stagnant, and
oppressive, as air.</def>
<q>When in the <qex>sultry</qex> glebe I faint,
Or on the thirsty mountain plant.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Sum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>summe</ets>, <ets>somme</ets>, OF. <ets>sume</ets>,
<ets>some</ets>, F. <ets>somme</ets>, L. <ets>summa</ets>, fr.
<ets>summus</ets> highest, a superlative from <ets>sub</ets>
under. See <er>Sub-</er>, and cf. <er>Supreme</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The aggregate of two or more numbers,
magnitudes, quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of
any number of individuals or particulars added together; <as>as,
the <ex>sum</ex> of 5 and 7 is 12</as>.</def>
<q>Take ye the <qex>sum</qex> of all the congregation.</q>
<qau>Num. i. 2.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sum</xex> is now commonly applied to an
aggregate of numbers, and <xex>number</xex> to an aggregate of
persons or things.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A quantity of money or currency; any amount,
indefinitely; <as>as, a <ex>sum</ex> of money; a small
<ex>sum</ex>, or a large <ex>sum</ex></as>.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>sum</xex> of forty pound.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>With a great <qex>sum</qex> obtained I this freedom.</q>
<qau>Acts xxii. 28.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The principal points or thoughts when viewed
together; the amount; the substance; compendium; <as>as, this is
the <ex>sum</ex> of all the evidence in the case; this is the
<ex>sum</ex> and substance of his objections</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Height; completion; utmost degree.</def>
<q>Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought
My story to the <qex>sum</qex> of earthly bliss.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>A problem to be solved, or
an example to be wrought out.</def>
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<q>A <qex>sum</qex> in arithmetic wherein a flaw discovered at a
particular point is <qex>ipso facto</qex> fatal to the whole.</q>
<qau>Gladstone.</qau>
<q>A large sheet of paper . . . covered with long
<qex>sums</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dickens.</qau>
<cs><col>Algebraic sum</col>, <cd>as distinguished from
<xex>arithmetical sum<xex>, the aggregate of two or more numbers
or quantities taken with regard to their signs, as + or -,
according to the rules of addition in algebra; thus, the
<xex>algebraic sum<xex> of -2, 8, and -1 is 5.</cd> -- <col>In
sum</col>, <cd>in short; in brief. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>
\'bd<xex>In sum<xex>, the gospel . . . prescribes every virtue to
our conduct, and forbids every sin.\'b8 <au>Rogers.</au></cs>
<hw>Sum</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Summed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Summing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>sommer</ets>,
LL. <ets>summare</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring together
into one whole; to collect into one amount; to cast up, as a
column of figures; to ascertain the totality of; -- usually with
<xex>up</xex>.</def>
<q>The mind doth value every moment, and then the hour doth
rather <qex>sum</qex> up the moments, than divide the day.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring or collect into a small compass; to
comprise in a few words; to condense; -- usually with
<xex>up</xex>.</def>
<q>\'bdGo to the ant, thou sluggard,\'b8 in few words
<qex>sums</qex> up the moral of this fable.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<q>He <qex>sums</qex> their virtues in himself alone.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To have (the feathers)
full grown; to furnish with complete, or full-grown,
plumage.</def>
<q>But feathered soon and fledge
They <qex>summed</qex> their pens [wings].</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<cs><col>Summing up</col>, <cd>a compendium or abridgment; a
recapitulation; a r\'82sum\'82; a summary.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To cast up; collect; comprise; condense; comprehend;
compute.</syn>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su"mac</hw>, <hw>Su"mach</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sumac</ets>, formerly
<ets>sumach</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>zumaque</ets>), fr. Ar.
<ets>summ\'beq</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>shumac</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Rhus</spn>, shrubs or small
trees with usually compound leaves and clusters of small flowers.
Some of the species are used in tanning, some in dyeing, and some
in medicine. One, the Japanese <spn>Rhus vernicifera</spn>,
yields the celebrated Japan varnish, or lacquer.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The powdered leaves, peduncles, and young
branches of certain species of the sumac plant, used in tanning
and dyeing.</def>
<cs><col>Poison sumac</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Poison</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Su*ma"tran</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to Sumatra or its inhabitants.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of Sumatra.</def></def2>
<hw>Sum"bul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pers.]</ety>
<def>The musky root of an Asiatic umbelliferous plant,
<spn>Ferula Sumbul</spn>. It is used in medicine as a
stimulant.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>sumbal</asp>.]</altsp>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sum*bul"ic</wf>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sum"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not to be
summed up or computed; so great that the amount can not be
ascertained; incalculable; inestimable.</def> \'bdSumless
treasure.\'b8
<au>Pope.</au>
<hw>Sum"ma*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
summary manner.</def>
<hw>Sum"ma*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
summarized.</def>
<hw>Sum"ma*rize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
comprise in, or reduce to, a summary; to present briefly.</def>
<au>Chambers.</au>
<hw>Sum"ma*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sommaire</ets>. See <er>Sum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Formed into a sum; summed up; reduced into a narrow compass,
or into few words; short; brief; concise; compendious; <as>as, a
<ex>summary</ex> statement of facts</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, rapidly performed; quickly executed;
<as>as, a <ex>summary</ex> process; to take <ex>summary</ex>
vengeance</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Short; brief; concise; compendious; succinct.</syn>
<hw>Sum"ma*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Summaries</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>sommaire</ets>, or L.
<ets>summarium</ets>. See <er>Summary</er>, <ets>a</ets>.]</ety>
<def>A general or comprehensive statement; an abridged account;
an abstract, abridgment, or compendium, containing the sum or
substance of a fuller account.</def>
<hw>Sum*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sommation</ets>. See <er>Sum</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>
<def>The act of summing, or forming a sum, or total amount; also,
an aggregate.</def>
<q>Of this series no <qex>summation</qex> is possible to a finite
intellect.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Sum"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Sum</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <def>One who sums; one who
casts up an account.</def>
<hw>Sum"mer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>sommier</ets> a
rafter, the same word as <ets>sommier</ets> a beast of burden.
See <er>Sumpter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A large
stone or beam placed horizontally on columns, piers, posts, or
the like, serving for various uses. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd>
The lintel of a door or window. <sd>(b)</sd> The commencement of
a cross vault. <sd>(c)</sd> A central floor timber, as a girder,
or a piece reaching from a wall to a girder. Called also
<altname>summertree</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sum"mer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>sumer</ets>,
<ets>somer</ets>, AS. <ets>sumor</ets>, <ets>sumer</ets>; akin to
OFries. <ets>sumur</ets>, D. <ets>zomer</ets>, OS.
<ets>sumar</ets>, G. <ets>sommer</ets>, OHG. & Icel.
<ets>sumar</ets>, Dan. <ets>sommer</ets>, Sw. <ets>sommar</ets>,
W. <ets>haf</ets>, Zend <ets>hama</ets>, Skr. <ets>sam\'be</ets>
year. \'fb292.]</ety> <def>The season of the year in which the
sun shines most directly upon any region; the warmest period of
the year.</def>
<note><hand/ North of the equator summer is popularly taken to
include the months of June, July, and August. Astronomically it
may be considered, in the northern hemisphere, to begin with the
summer solstice, about June 21st, and to end with the autumnal
equinox, about September 22d.</note>
<cs><col>Indian summer</col>, <cd>in North America, a period of
warm weather late in autumn, usually characterized by a clear
sky, and by a hazy or smoky appearance of the atmosphere,
especially near the horizon. The name is derived probably from
the custom of the Indians of using this time in preparation for
winter by laying in stores of food.</cd> -- <col>Saint Martin's
summer</col>. <cd>See under <er>Saint</er>.</cd> -- <col>Summer
bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wryneck.</cd>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Summer colt</col>, <cd>the
undulating state of the air near the surface of the ground when
heated.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Summer complaint</col>
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a popular term for any diarrheal disorder
occurring in summer, especially when produced by heat and
indigestion.</cd> -- <col>Summer coot</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the American gallinule.</cd>
<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Summer cypress</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an annual plant (<spn>Kochia
Scoparia</spn>) of the Goosefoot family. It has narrow, ciliate,
crowded leaves, and is sometimes seen in gardens.</cd> --
<col>Summer duck</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>The wood duck.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The garganey, or summer
teal. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of <cref>Wood duck</cref>, under
<er>Wood</er>.</cd> -- <col>Summer fallow</col>, <cd>land
uncropped and plowed, etc., during the summer, in order to
pulverize the soil and kill the weeds.</cd> -- <col>Summer
rash</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>prickly heat. See under
<er>Prickly</er>.</cd> -- <col>Summer sheldrake</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the hooded merganser.</cd>
<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Summer snipe</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The dunlin.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The common European sandpiper.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>
<cd>The green sandpiper.</cd> -- <col>Summer tanager</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a singing bird (<spn>Piranga
rubra</spn>) native of the Middle and Southern United States. The
male is deep red, the female is yellowish olive above and yellow
beneath. Called also <altname>summer redbird</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Summer teal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, the blue-winged
teal. <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Summer wheat</col>,
<cd>wheat that is sown in the spring, and matures during the
summer following. See <er>Spring wheat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Summer
yellowbird</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Yellowbird</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sum"mer</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Summered</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Summering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pass the
summer; to spend the warm season; <as>as, to <ex>summer</ex> in
Switzerland</as>.</def>
<q>The fowls shall <qex>summer</qex> upon them.</q>
<qau>Isa. xviii. 6.</qau>
<hw>Sum"mer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To keep or carry through
the summer; to feed during the summer; <as>as, to <ex>summer</ex>
stock</as>.</def>
<hw>Sum"mer-fal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
plow and work in summer, in order to prepare for wheat or other
crop; to plow and let lie fallow.</def>
<hw>Sum"mer*house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Summerhouses</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A rustic house
or apartment in a garden or park, to be used as a pleasure resort
in summer.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sum"mer*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being like summer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sum"mer*sault</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sum"mer*set</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Somersault</er>,
<er>Somerset</er>.</def>
<hw>Sum"mer*stir`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
summer-fallow.</def>
<hw>Sum"mer*tide`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Summer
time.</def>
<hw>Sum"mer*tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Summer</ets> a beam + <ets>tree</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A summer. See 2d <er>Summer</er>.</def>
<hw>Sum"mer*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to summer; like summer; <as>as, a <ex>summery</ex>
day</as>.</def>
<hw>Sum"mist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who sums
up; one who forms an abridgment or summary.</def>
<au>Sir E. Dering.</au>
<hw>Sum"mit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sommet</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>som</ets>, <ets>sum</ets>,
top, from L. <ets>summum</ets>, from <ets>summus</ets> highest.
See <er>Sum</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The top;
the highest point.</def>
<q>Fixed on the <qex>summit</qex> of the highest mount.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The highest degree; the utmost elevation; the
acme; <as>as, the <ex>summit</ex> of human fame</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The most elevated part of
a bivalve shell, or the part in which the hinge is
situated.</def>
<cs><col>Summit level</col>, <cd>the highest level of a canal, a
railroad, or the like, in surmounting an ascent.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sum"mit*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no summit.</def>
<hw>Sum"mit*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>summitas</ets>, fr. <ets>summus</ets> highest: cf. F.
<ets>sommit\'82</ets>. See <er>Sum</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The height or top of anything.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Swift.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The utmost degree; perfection.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hallywell.</au>
<hw>Sum"mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Summoned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Summoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>somonen</ets>,
OF. <ets>sumundre</ets>, <ets>semondre</ets>, F.
<ets>semondre</ets>, from (assumed) LL. <ets>summon<ecr/re</ets>,
for L. <ets>summon\'c7re</ets> to give a hint; <ets>sub</ets>
under + <ets>monere</ets> to admonish, to warn. See
<er>Monition</er>, and cf. <er>Submonish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To call, bid, or cite; to notify to come to appear; -- often
with <xex>up</xex>.</def>
<q>Stiffen the sinews, <qex>summon</qex> up the blood.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Trumpets <qex>summon</qex> him to war.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give notice to, or command to appear, as in
court; to cite by authority; <as>as, to <ex>summon</ex>
witnesses</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To call upon to surrender, as
a fort.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To call; cite; notify; convene; convoke; excite;
invite; bid. See <er>Call</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sum"mon*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>somner</ets>, <ets>sompnour</ets>, OF. <ets>semoneor</ets>,
F. <ets>semonneur</ets>. See <er>Summon</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>One who summons; one who cites by authority;
specifically, a petty officer formerly employed to summon persons
to appear in court; an apparitor.</def>
<hw>Sum"mons</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Summonses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.
<ets>somouns</ets>, OF. <ets>sumunse</ets>, <ets>semonse</ets>,
<ets>semonce</ets>, F. <ets>semonce</ets>, <ets>semondre</ets> to
summon, OF. p.p. <ets>semons</ets>. See <er>Summon</er>,
<pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of summoning; a
call by authority, or by the command of a superior, to appear at
a place named, or to attend to some duty.</def>
<q>Special <qex>summonses</qex> by the king.</q>
<qau>Hallam.</qau>
<q>This <qex>summons</qex> . . . unfit either to dispute or
disobey.</q>
<qau>Bp. Fell.</qau>
<q>He sent to summon the seditious, and to offer pardon; but
neither <qex>summons</qex> nor pardon was regarded.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Hayward.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A warning or citation to appear
in court; a written notification signed by the proper officer, to
be served on a person, warning him to appear in court at a day
specified, to answer to the plaintiff, testify as a witness, or
the like.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A demand to surrender.</def>
<hw>Sum"mons</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To summon.</def>
<mark>[R. or Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Sum"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
summoner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>
<hw>Su*moom"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Simoom</er>.</def>
<hw>Sump</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>sumpf</ets> a sump in a mine, a swamp, akin to LG.
<ets>sump</ets>, D. <ets>somp</ets> a swamp, Dan. & Sw.
<ets>sump</ets>, and perhaps to E. <ets>swamp</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A round pit of stone, lined
with clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion.</def>
<au>Ray.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cistern or reservoir made at the lowest
point of a mine, from which is pumped the water which accumulates
there.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pond of water for salt works.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A puddle or dirty pool.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<cs><col>Sump fuse</col>, <cd>a fuse used in blasting under
water.</cd> -- <col>Sump men</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the
men who sink the sump in a mine.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sumph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dunce; a
blockhead.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Sum"pi*tan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
blowgun for discharging arrows, -- used by the savages of Borneo
and adjacent islands.</def>
<hw>Sump"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>sommetier</ets> the driver of a pack horse; akin to OF. & F.
<ets>sommier</ets> a pack horse, L. <ets>sagmarius</ets>, fr.
<ets>sagma</ets> a pack saddle, in LL., a load, Gr. <?/ a pack
saddle, fr. <?/ to pack, load; cf. Skr. <ets>saj</ets>,
<ets>sa\'a4j</ets>, to hang on. Cf. <er>Seam</er> a weight,
<er>Summer</er> a beam.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The driver of a
pack horse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Skeat.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pack; a burden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>An animal, especially a horse, that carries
packs or burdens; a baggage horse.</def>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Sump"ter</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Carrying pack or burdens on
the back; <as>as, a <ex>sumpter</ex> horse; a <ex>sumpter</ex>
mule.</as></def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sump"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sumptio</ets>, fr. <ets>sumere</ets>, <ets>sumptum</ets>, to
take.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A taking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The major premise of a
syllogism.</def>
<hw>Sump"tu*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sumptuarius</ets>, fr. <ets>sumptus</ets> expense, cost, fr.
<ets>sumere</ets>, <ets>sumptum</ets>, to take, use, spend;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>emere</ets> to take, buy: cf. F.
<ets>somptuaire</ets>. See <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating
to expense; regulating expense or expenditure.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<cs><mcol><col>Sumptuary</col> <col>laws <or/
regulations</col></mcol>, <cd>laws intended to restrain or limit
the expenditure of citizens in apparel, food, furniture, etc.;
laws which regulate the prices of commodities and the wages of
labor; laws which forbid or restrict the use of certain articles,
as of luxurious apparel.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sump`tu*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sumptuositas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>somptuosit\'82</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Expensiveness; costliness; sumptuousness.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>
<-- p. 1445 -->
<hw>Sump"tu*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sumptuosus</ets>, fr. <ets>sumptus</ets> expanse, cost: cf.
F. <ets>somptueux</ets>. See <er>Sumptuary</er>.]</ety>
<def>Involving large outlay or expense; costly; expensive; hence,
luxurious; splendid; magnificient; <as>as, a <ex>sumptuous</ex>
house or table; <ex>sumptuous</ex> apparel</as>.</def>
<q>We are too magnificient and <qex>sumptuous</qex> in our tables
and attendance.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<q>She spoke, and turned her <qex>sumptuous</qex> head, with eyes
Of shining expectation fixed on mine.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sump"tu*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sump"tu*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Sunn</er>.</def>
<hw>Sun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sunne</ets>, <ets>sonne</ets>, AS. <ets>sunne</ets>; akin to
OFries. <ets>sunne</ets>, D. <ets>zon</ets>, OS. & OHG.
<ets>sunna</ets>, G. <ets>sonne</ets>, Icel. <ets>sunna</ets>,
Goth. <ets>sunna</ets>; perh. fr. same root as L. <ets>sol</ets>.
\'fb297. Cf. <er>Solar</er>, <er>South</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The luminous orb, the light of which constitutes day, and
its absence night; the central body round which the earth and
planets revolve, by which they are held in their orbits, and from
which they receive light and heat. Its mean distance from the
earth is about 92,500,000 miles, and its diameter about
860,000.</def>
<note><hand/ Its mean apparent diameter as seen from the earth is
32\'b7 4<sec/, and it revolves on its own axis once in 25<frac13/
days. Its mean density is about one fourth of that of the earth,
or 1.41, that of water being unity. Its luminous surface is
called the <xex>photosphere</xex>, above which is an envelope
consisting partly of hydrogen, called the
<xex>chromosphere</xex>, which can be seen only through the
spectroscope, or at the time of a total solar eclipse. Above the
chromosphere, and sometimes extending out millions of miles, are
luminous rays or streams of light which are visible only at the
time of a total eclipse, forming the solar
<xex>corona</xex>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any heavenly body which forms the center of a
system of orbs.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The direct light or warmth of the sun;
sunshine.</def>
<q>Lambs that did frisk in the <qex>sun</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which resembles the sun, as in splendor or
importance; any source of light, warmth, or animation.</def>
<q>For the Lord God is a <qex>sun</qex> and shield.</q>
<qau>Ps. lxxiv. 11.</qau>
<q>I will never consent to put out the <qex>sun</qex> of
sovereignity to posterity.</q>
<qau>Eikon Basilike.</qau>
<cs><col>Sun and planet wheels</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>an
ingenious contrivance for converting reciprocating motion, as
that of the working beam of a steam engine, into rotatory motion.
It consists of a toothed wheel (called the <xex>sun wheel<xex>),
firmly secured to the shaft it is desired to drive, and another
wheel (called the <xex>planet wheel<xex>) secured to the end of a
connecting rod. By the motion of the connecting rod, the planet
wheel is made to circulate round the central wheel on the shaft,
communicating to this latter a velocity of revolution the double
of its own.</cd> <au>G. Francis</au>. -- <col>Sun angel</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South American humming bird of the
genus <spn>Heliangelos</spn>, noted for its beautiful colors and
the brilliant luster of the feathers of its throat.</cd> --
<col>Sun animalcute</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Heliozoa</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sun bath</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>,
<cd>exposure of a patient to the sun's rays; insolation.</cd> --
<col>Sun bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of bear
(<spn>Helarctos Malayanus</spn>) native of Southern Asia and
Borneo. It has a small head and short neck, and fine short glossy
fur, mostly black, but brownish on the nose. It is easily tamed.
Called also <altname>bruang</altname>, and <altname>Malayan
bear</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sun beetle</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small lustrous beetle of the genus
<spn>Amara</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Sun bittern</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a singular South American bird
(<spn>Eurypyga helias</spn>), in some respects related both to
the rails and herons. It is beautifully variegated with white,
brown, and black. Called also <altname>sunbird</altname>, and
<altname>tiger bittern</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sun fever</col>
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the condition of fever produced by sun
stroke.</cd> -- <col>Sun gem</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
Brazilian humming bird (<spn>Heliactin cornutus</spn>). Its head
is ornamented by two tufts of bright colored feathers, fiery
crimson at the base and greenish yellow at the tip. Called also
<altname>Horned hummer</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sun grebe</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the finfoot.</cd> -- <col>Sun
picture</col>, <cd>a picture taken by the agency of the sun's
rays; a photograph.</cd> -- <col>Sun spots</col>
<fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>dark spots that appear on the sun's
disk, consisting commonly of a black central portion with a
surrounding border of lighter shade, and usually seen only by the
telescope, but sometimes by the naked eye. They are very
changeable in their figure and dimensions, and vary in size from
mere apparent points to spaces of 50,000 miles in diameter. The
term <xex>sun spots<xex> is often used to include bright spaces
(called <xex>facul\'91<xex>) as well as dark spaces (called
<xex>macul\'91<xex>). Called also <altname>solar spots</altname>.
See <xex>Illustration<xex> in Appendix.</cd> -- <col>Sun
star</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species
of starfishes belonging to <spn>Solaster</spn>,
<spn>Crossaster</spn>, and allied genera, having numerous
rays.</cd> -- <col>Sun trout</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
squeteague.</cd> -- <col>Sun wheel</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld>
<cd>See <cref>Sun and planet wheels</cref>, above.</cd> --
<col>Under the sun</col>, <cd>in the world; on earth.</cd>
\'bdThere is no new thing <xex>under the sun<xex>.\'b8 <au>Eccl.
i. 9.</au></cs>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sun</xex> is often used in the formation of
compound adjectives of obvious meaning; as,
<xex>sun</xex>-bright, <xex>sun</xex>-dried, <xex>sun</xex>-gilt,
<xex>sun</xex>like, <xex>sun</xex>-lit, <xex>sun</xex>-scorched,
and the like.</note>
<hw>Sun</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Sunned</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sunning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To expose to the sun's rays;
to warm or dry in the sun; <as>as, to <ex>sun</ex> cloth; to
<ex>sun</ex> grain.</as></def>
<q>Then to <qex>sun</qex> thyself in open air.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sun"beam`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sunnebeam</ets>.]</ety> <def>A beam or ray of the sun.</def>
\'bdEvening <xex>sunbeams</xex>.\'b8
<au>Keble.</au>
<q>Thither came Uriel, gliding through the even
On a <qex>sunbeam</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sun"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of numerous
species of small brilliantly colored birds of the family
<spn>Nectariniid\'91</spn>, native of Africa, Southern Asia, the
East Indies, and Australia. In external appearance and habits
they somewhat resemble humming birds, but they are true singing
birds (Oscines).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sun bittern.</def>
<hw>Sun"blink`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A glimpse or
flash of the sun.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Sun"bon"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bonnet,
generally made of some thin or light fabric, projecting beyond
the face, and commonly having a cape, -- worn by women as a
protection against the sun.</def>
<hw>Sun"bow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rainbow; an
iris.</def>
<au>Byron.</au>
<hw>Sun"burn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sunburned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr> or <er>Sunburnt</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &
vb. n.</pos> <er>Sunburning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To burn or
discolor by the sun; to tan.</def>
<q><qex>Sunburnt</qex> and swarthy though she be.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sun"burn`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The burning or
discoloration produced on the skin by the heat of the sun;
tan.</def>
<hw>Sun"-burn`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A circle
or cluster of gas-burners for lighting and ventilating public
buildings.</def>
<hw>Sun"burn`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sunburn; tan.</def>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Sun"burst`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A burst of
sunlight.</def>
<hw>Sun"dart`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sunbeam.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Mrs. Hemans.</au>
<hw>Sun"day</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sunnand\'91g</ets>; <ets>sunne</ets>, gen.
<ets>sunnan</ets>, the sun + <ets>d\'91g</ets> day; akin to D.
<ets>zondag</ets>, G. <ets>sonntag</ets>; -- so called because
this day was anciently dedicated to the <ets>sun</ets>, or to its
worship. See <er>Sun</er>, and <er>Day</er>.]</ety> <def>The
first day of the week, -- consecrated among Christians to rest
from secular employments, and to religious worship; the Christian
Sabbath; the Lord's Day.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Advent Sunday</col>, <col>Low Sunday</col>,
<col>Passion Sunday</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under
<er>Advent</er>, <er>Low</er>, etc.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Sabbath</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sun"day</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to the Christian
Sabbath.</def>
<cs><col>Sunday letter</col>. <cd>See <cref>Dominical
letter</cref>, under <er>Dominical</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sunday
school</col>. <cd>See under <er>School</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sun"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sundered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sundering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sundren</ets>,
AS. <ets>sundrain</ets> (in \'be<ets>sundrain</ets>,
ge<ets>sundrain</ets>), from <ets>sundor</ets> asunder,
separately, apart; akin to D. <ets>zonder</ets>, prep., without,
G. <ets>sonder</ets> separate, as prep., without,
<ets>sondern</ets> but, OHG. <ets>suntar</ets> separately, Icel.
<ets>sundr</ets> asunder, Sw. & Dan. <ets>s\'94nder</ets>, Goth.
<ets>sundr\'d3</ets> alone, separately.]</ety> <def>To disunite
in almost any manner, either by rending, cutting, or breaking; to
part; to put or keep apart; to separate; to divide; to sever;
<as>as, to <ex>sunder</ex> a rope; to <ex>sunder</ex> a limb; to
<ex>sunder</ex> friends.</as></def>
<q>It is <qex>sundered</qex> from the main land by a sandy
plain.</q>
<qau>Carew.</qau>
<hw>Sun"der</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To part; to
separate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sun"der</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sunder</er>,
<pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Asunder</er>.]</ety> <def>A
separation into parts; a division or severance.</def>
<cs><col>In sunder</col>, <cd>into parts.</cd> \'bdHe breaketh
the bow, and cutteth the spear <xex>in sunder<xex>.\'b8 <au>Ps.
xlvi. 9.</au></cs>
<hw>Sun"der</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To expose to the sun and
wind.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Sun"dew`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Any plant of the genus Drosera, low bog plants whose leaves
are beset with pediceled glands which secrete a viscid fluid that
glitters like dewdrops and attracts and detains insects. After an
insect is caught, the glands curve inward like tentacles and the
leaf digests it. Called also <altname>lustwort</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sun"di`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An instrument
to show the time of day by means of the shadow of a gnomon, or
style, on a plate.</def>
<cs><col>Sundial shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any shell
of the genus Solarium. See <er>Solarium</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sun"dog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Meteorol.)</fld> <def>A luminous spot occasionally seen a
few degrees from the sun, supposed to be formed by the
intersection of two or more halos, or in a manner similar to that
of halos.</def>
<hw>Sun"down`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The setting of the sun; sunset.</def> \'bdWhen
<xex>sundown</xex> skirts the moor.\'b8
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of broad-brimmed sun hat worn by
women.</def>
<hw>Sun"-dried`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dried by
the heat of the sun.</def> \'bd<xex>Sun-dried</xex> brick.\'b8
<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>
<hw>Sun"dries</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>Many
different or small things; sundry things.</def>
<hw>Sun"dri*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In sundry
ways; variously.</def>
<hw>Sun"dry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sundry</ets>, <ets>sondry</ets>, AS. <ets>syndrig</ets>, fr.
<ets>sundor</ets> asunder. See <er>Sunder</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Several; divers; more than one
or two; various.</def> \'bd<xex>Sundry</xex> wines.\'b8
<au>Chaucer</au>. \'bd<xex>Sundry</xex> weighty reasons.\'b8
<au>Shak</au>.
<q>With many a sound of <qex>sundry</qex> melody.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q><qex>Sundry</qex> foes the rural realm surround.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Separate; diverse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Every church almost had the Bible of a <qex>sundry</qex>
translation.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<cs><col>All and sundry</col>, <cd>all collectively, and each
separately.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sun"dry*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sundrymen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who deals in
sundries, or a variety of articles.</def>
<hw>Sun"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A very large oceanic
plectognath fish (<spn>Mola mola</spn>, <spn>Mola rotunda</spn>,
or <spn>Orthagoriscus mola</spn>) having a broad body and a
truncated tail.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any one of numerous
species of perch-like North American fresh-water fishes of the
family <spn>Centrachid\'91</spn>. They have a broad, compressed
body, and strong dorsal spines. Among the common species of the
Eastern United States are <spn>Lepomis gibbosus</spn> (called
also <altname>bream</altname>, <altname>pondfish</altname>,
<altname>pumpkin seed</altname>, and <altname>sunny</altname>),
the blue sunfish, or dollardee (<spn>L. pallidus</spn>), and the
long-eared sunfish (<spn>L. auritus</spn>). Several of the
species are called also <stype>pondfish</stype>.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The moonfish, or bluntnosed shiner.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>The opah.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The basking,
or liver, shark.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>Any large
jellyfish.</def>
<hw>Sun"flow`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any plant
of the genus <spn>Helianthus</spn>; -- so called probably from
the form and color of its flower, which is large disk with yellow
rays. The commonly cultivated sunflower is <spn>Helianthus
annuus</spn>, a native of America.</def>
<hw>Sung</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Sing</er>.</def>
<hw>Sun"glass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sunglasses</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A convex lens of
glass for producing heat by converging the sun's rays into a
focus.</def> \'bdLighting a cigar with a <xex>sunglass</xex>.\'b8
<au>Hawthorne.</au>
<hw>Sun"glow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rosy flush
in the sky seen after sunset.</def>
<hw>Sunk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Sink</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Sunk fence</col>, <cd>a ditch with a retaining wall,
used to divide lands without defacing a landscape; a
ha-ha.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sunk"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lying on the
bottom of a river or other water; sunk.</def>
<hw>Sun"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute or
deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded; shadowed.</def>
<q>The sunken glen whose <qex>sunless</qex> shrubs must weep.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<hw>Sun"light`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The light of
the sun.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sun"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like or
resembling the sun.</def> \'bdA spot of <xex>sunlike</xex>
brilliancy.\'b8
<au>Tyndall.</au>
<hw>Sun"lit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lighted by the
sun.</def>
<hw>Sunn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.
<ets>san</ets>, fr. Skr. <ets>\'87ana</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An East Indian leguminous plant
(<spn>Crotalaria juncea</spn>) and its fiber, which is also
called <altname>sunn hemp</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sun</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>\'d8Sun"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>sunnah</ets> rule, law.]</ety> <def>A collection of
traditions received by the orthodox Mohammedans as of equal
authority with the Koran.</def>
<hw>Sun"ni*ah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
sect of Sunnites.</def>
<hw>Sun"ni*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality
or state of being sunny.</def>
<hw>Sun"nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the
orthodox Mohammedans who receive the Sunna as of equal importance
with the Koran.</def>
<hw>Sun"nud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind., fr. Ar.
<ets>sanad</ets>.]</ety> <def>A charter or warrant; also, a deed
of gift.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>
<hw>Sun"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sunnier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sunniest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling
the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.</def>
\'bd<xex>Sunny</xex> beams.\'b8 <au>Spenser</au>.
\'bd<xex>Sunny</xex> locks.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exposed to the rays of the sun; brightened or
warmed by the direct rays of the sun; <as>as, a <ex>sunny</ex>
room; the <ex>sunny</ex> side of a hill</as>.</def>
<q>Her blooming mountains and her <qex>sunny</qex> shores.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Cheerful; genial; <as>as, a <ex>sunny</ex>
disposition</as>.</def>
<q>My decayed fair
A <qex>sunny</qex> look of his would soon repair.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sun"ny</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Sunfish</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>
<hw>Sun"proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Impervious
to the rays of the sun.</def> \'bdDarksome yew,
<xex>sunproof</xex>.\'b8
<au>Marston.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sun"rise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sun"ris`ing</hw>,
}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The first appearance of
the sun above the horizon in the morning; more generally, the
time of such appearance, whether in fair or cloudy weather;
<as>as, to begin work at <ex>sunrise</ex></as>.</def> \'bdThe
tide of <xex>sunrise</xex> swells.\'b8
<au>Keble.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, the region where the sun rises; the
east.</def>
<q>Which were beyond Jordan toward the <qex>sunrising</qex>.</q>
<qau>Deut. iv. 47 (Rev. Ver.)</qau>
<q>Full hot and fast the Saxon rides, with rein of travel slack,
And, bending o'ev his saddle, leaves the <qex>sunrise</qex> at
his back.</q>
<qau>Whittier.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sun"set"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sun"set`ting</hw>,
}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The descent of the sun
below the horizon; also, the time when the sun sets; evening.
Also used figuratively.</def>
<q>'T is the <qex>sunset</qex> of life gives me mystical
lore.</q>
<qau>Campbell.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, the region where the sun sets; the
west.</def>
<cs><col>Sunset shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a West
Indian marine bivalve (<spn>Tellina radiata</spn>) having a
smooth shell marked with radiating bands of varied colors
resembling those seen at sunset or before sunrise; -- called also
<altname>rising sun</altname>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sun"shade`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything
used as a protection from the sun's rays.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small parasol.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An
awning.</def>
<hw>Sun"shine`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the
direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth
and light which they give.</def>
<q>But all <qex>sunshine</qex>, as when his beams at noon
Culminate from the equator.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which has a warming and cheering
influence like that of the rays of the sun; warmth; illumination;
brightness.</def>
<q>That man that sits within a monarch's heart,
And ripens in the <qex>sunshine</qex> of his favor.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<-- p. 1446 -->
<hw>Sun"shine`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sunshiny;
bright.</def> <au>Shak</au>. \'bd<xex>Sunshine</xex> hours.\'b8
<au>Keble</au>.
<hw>Sun"shin`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Bright with the rays of the sun; clear, warm, or pleasant;
<as>as, a <ex>sunshiny</ex> day</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bright like the sun; resplendent.</def>
<q>Flashing beams of that <qex>sunshiny</qex> shield.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Beaming with good spirits; cheerful.</def>
\'bdHer <xex>sunshiny</xex> face.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sun"squall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any large jellyfish.</def>
<hw>Sun" star`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See
<cref>Sun star</cref>, under <er>Sun</er>.</def>
<hw>Sun"sted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Sun</ets> + <ets>stead</ets> a place.]</ety>
<def>Solstice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe summer
<xex>sunsted</xex>.\'b8
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Sun"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Aventurine feldspar. See under <er>Aventurine</er>.</def>
<hw>Sun"stroke`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any affection produced by the action of
the sun on some part of the body; especially, a sudden
prostration of the physical powers, with symptoms resembling
those of apoplexy, occasioned by exposure to excessive heat, and
often terminating fatally; coup de soleil.</def>
<hw>Sun"-struck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Overcome by, or affected with, sunstroke;
<as>as, <ex>sun-struck</ex> soldiers</as>.</def>
<hw>Sun"up`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sunrise.</def>
<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<q>Such a horse as that might get over a good deal of ground
atwixt <qex>sunup</qex> and sundown.</q>
<qau>Cooper.</qau>
<hw>Sun"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward the
sun.</def>
<hw>Sun"wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the
direction of the sun's apparent motion, or from the east
southward and westward, and so around the circle; also, in the
same direction as the movement of the hands of a watch lying face
upward.</def>
<hw>Sup</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.
& p. p.</pos> <er>Supped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Supping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>soupen</ets> to drink, AS. <ets>s<?/pan</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>zuipen</ets>, G. <ets>saufen</ets>, OHG. <ets>s<?/fan</ets>,
Icel. <ets>s<?/pa</ets>, Sw. <ets>supa</ets>, Dan.
<ets>s\'94be</ets>. Cf. <er>Sip</er>, <er>Sop</er>,
<er>Soup</er>, <er>Supper</er>.]</ety> <def>To take into the
mouth with the lips, as a liquid; to take or drink by a little at
a time; to sip.</def>
<q>There I'll <qex>sup</qex>
Balm and nectar in my cup.</q>
<qau>Crashaw.</qau>
<hw>Sup</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small mouthful, as of liquor
or broth; a little taken with the lips; a sip.</def>
<q>Tom Thumb had got a little <qex>sup</qex>.</q>
<qau>Drayton.</qau>
<hw>Sup</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Supper</er>.]</ety>
<def>To eat the evening meal; to take supper.</def>
<q>I do entreat that we may <qex>sup</qex> together.</q>
<qau><?/</qau>
<hw>Sup</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To treat with supper.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Sup</qex> them well and look unto them all.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Su*pawn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of American
Indian origin.]</ety> <def>Boiled Indian meal; hasty pudding;
mush.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>sepawn</asp>,
<asp>sepon</asp>, and <asp>suppawn</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Supe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A super.</def>
<mark>[Theatrical Cant]</mark>
<hw>Su"per-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>super</ets> over,
above; akin to Gr. <?/, L. <ets>sub</ets> under, and E.
<ets>over</ets>. See <er>Over</er>, and cf. <er>Hyper-</er>,
<er>Sub-</er>, <er>Supra-</er>, <er>Sur-</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A prefix signifying <xex>above</xex>, <xex>over</xex>,
<xex>beyond</xex>, and hence often denoting <xex>in a superior
position</xex>, <xex>in excess</xex>, <xex>over and above</xex>,
<xex>in addition</xex>, <xex>exceedingly</xex>; as in
<xex>super</xex>impose, <xex>super</xex>sede,
<xex>super</xex>natural, <xex>super</xex>abundance.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix formerly much used
to denote that the ingredient to the name of which it was
prefixed was present in a <xex>large</xex>, or <xex>unusually
large</xex>, proportion as compared with the other ingredients;
as in calcium <xex>super</xex>phosphate. It has been superseded
by <xex>per-</xex>, <xex>bi-</xex>, <xex>di-</xex>,
<xex>acid</xex>, etc. (as <xex>per</xex>oxide,
<xex>bi</xex>carbonate, <xex>di</xex>sulphide, and
<xex>acid</xex> sulphate), which retain the old meanings of
<xex>super-</xex>, but with sharper definition. Cf.
<er>Acid</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Bi-</er>, <er>Di-</er>, and
<er>Per-</er>.</def>
<hw>Su"per</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A contraction of
<er>Supernumerary</er>, in sense 2.</def> <mark>[Theatrical
Cant]</mark>
<hw>Su"per*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superabilis</ets>, from <ets>superare</ets> to go over, to
surmount, fr. <ets>super</ets> above, over.]</ety> <def>Capable
of being overcome or conquered; surmountable.</def>
<q>Antipathies are generally <qex>superable</qex> by a single
effort.</q>
<qau>Johnson.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Su"per*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Su"per*a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Su`per*a*bound"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superabundare</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>superabonder</ets>. See
<er>Super-</er>, and <er>Abound</er>.]</ety> <def>To be very
abundant or exuberant; to be more than sufficient; <as>as, the
country <ex>superabounds</ex> with corn</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`per*a*bun"dance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superabundantia</ets>: cf. OF.
<ets>superabondance</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of
being superabundant; a superabundant quantity; redundancy;
excess.</def>
<hw>Su`per*a*bun"dant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superabundans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>superabundare</ets>. See
<er>Superabound</er>.]</ety> <def>Abounding to excess; being more
than is sufficient; redundant; <as>as, <ex>superabundant</ex>
zeal</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Su`per*a*bun"dant*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Su`per*a*cid"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Acidulated to excess.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*add"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Superadded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Superadding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>superaddere</ets>. See <er>Super-</er>, and
<er>Add</er>.]</ety> <def>To add over and above; to add to what
has been added; to annex, as something extrinsic.</def>
<q>The strength of any living creature, in those external motion,
is something distinct from, and <qex>superadded</qex> unto, its
natural gravity.</q>
<qau>Bp. Wilkins.</qau>
<q>The peacock laid it extremely to heart that he had not the
nightingale's voice <qex>superadded</qex> to the beauty of his
plumes.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*ad*di"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of adding something in excess or something extraneous; also,
something which is added in excess or extraneously.</def>
<q>This <qex>superaddition</qex> is nothing but fat.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*ad*ven"ient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Coming upon; coming in addition to, or in assistance of,
something.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>He has done bravely by the <qex>superadvenient</qex>
assistance of his God.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*al`i*men*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of overfeeding, or making one take food in excess of
the natural appetite for it.</def>
<hw>Su"per*al`tar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A raised shelf or stand on the back of an
altar, on which different objects can be placed; a predella or
gradino.</def>
<hw>Su`per*an*gel"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Superior to the angels in nature or rank.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Milman.</au>
<hw>Su`per*an"nu*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Superannuated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Superannuating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>super-</ets> + L. <ets>annus</ets> a year.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To impair or disquality on account of age or
infirmity.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a pension to, on account of old age or
other infirmity; to cause to retire from service on a
pension.</def>
<hw>Su`per*an"nu*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
last beyond the year; -- said of annual plants.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Su`per*an`nu*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
state of being superannuated, or too old for office or business;
the state of being disqualified by old age; decrepitude.</def>
<q>The world itself is in a state of
<qex>superannuation</qex>.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<q>Slyness blinking through the watery eye of
<qex>superannuation</qex>.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Su*perb"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>superbe</ets>, L. <ets>superbus</ets>, fr. <ets>super</ets>
over. See <er>Super-</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Grand;
magnificent; august; stately; <as>as, a <ex>superb</ex> edifice;
a <ex>superb</ex> colonnade</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rich; elegant; <as>as, <ex>superb</ex> furniture
or decorations</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Showy; excellent; grand; <as>as, a
<ex>superb</ex> exhibition</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Superb paradise bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
bird of paradise (<spn>Paradis\'91a, <or/ Lophorina,
superba</spn>) having the scapulars erectile, and forming a large
ornamental tuft on each shoulder, and a large gorget of brilliant
feathers on the breast. The color is deep violet, or nearly
black, with brilliant green reflections. The gorget is bright
metallic green.</cd> -- <col>Superb warber</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue wren</cref>, under
<er>Wren</er>.</cd></cs>
-- <wordforms><wf>Su*perb"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Su*perb"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Su*per"bi*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
L. <ets>superbiare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make (a person)
haughty.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>
<au>Feltham.</au>
<hw>Su`per*car"bon*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bicarbonate.</def>
<mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*car"bu*ret`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Bicarbureted.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>supercarburetted</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*car"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Super-</ets> + <ets>cargo</ets>: cf. Sp.
<ets>sobrecargo.</ets> Cf. <er>Surcharge</er>.]</ety> <def>An
officer or person in a merchant ship, whose duty is to manage the
sales, and superintend the commercial concerns, of the
voyage.</def>
<hw>Su`per*car"pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above, or in the upper part of,
the carpus.</def>
<hw>Su`per*ce*les"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>super-</ets> + <ets>celestial</ets>: cf. L.
<ets>supercaelestis</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Situated above
the firmament, or great vault of heaven.</def>
<au>Waterland.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Higher than celestial; superangelic.</def>
<hw>Su`per*charge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Supercharged</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Supercharging</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>super-</ets> +
<ets>charge</ets>. Cf. <er>Surcharge</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To charge (a bearing) upon another
bearing; <as>as, to <ex>supercharge</ex> a rose upon a
fess</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`per*charge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing charged upon another
bearing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*chem"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Above
or beyond chemistry; inexplicable by chemical laws.</def>
<au>J. Le Conte.</au>
<hw>Su*perch"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>supercherie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deceit; fraud;
imposition.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*cil"i*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supercilium</ets> an eyebrow. See
<er>Supercilious</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining
to the eyebrows; supraorbital.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a distinct streak
of color above the eyes; <as>as, the <ex>superciliary</ex>
woodpecker</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`per*cil"i*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superciliosus</ets>, fr. <ets>supercilium</ets> an eyebrow,
pride; <ets>super</ets> over, + <ets>cilium</ets> an eyelid;
probably akin to <ets>celare</ets> to conceal. Cf.
<er>Conceal</er>.]</ety> <def>Lofty with pride; haughty;
dictatorial; overbearing; arrogant; <as>as, a
<ex>supercilious</ex> officer; a<ex>supercilious</ex> air;
<ex>supercilious</ex> behavior.</as></def> --
<wordforms><wf>Su`per*cil"i*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Su`per*cil"i*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>\'d8Su`per*cil"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The eyebrow, or the
region of the eyebrows.</def>
<hw>Su`per*co*lum`ni*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The putting of one order above another;
also, an architectural work produced by this method; <as>as, the
putting of the Doric order in the ground story, Ionic above it,
and Corinthian or Composite above this</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`per*con*cep"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Superfetation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Su`per*con"se*quence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Remote consequence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Su`per*cres"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Supercrescent</er>.]</ety> <def>That which grows upon another
growing thing; a parasite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Su`per*cres"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supercrescens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>supercrescere</ets>;
<ets>super</ets> above + <ets>crescere</ets> to grow.]</ety>
<def>Growing on some other growing thing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<hw>Su`per*cre*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Supracretaceous</er>.</def>
<-- supercritical. Being at a temperature and pressure above the
critical temperature and pressure. In a condition neither liquid
nor gaseous. Supercritical carbon dioxide is used as a solvent
in separation chemistry. -->
<hw>Su`per*cu"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Excessively curious or inquisitive.</def>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<hw>Su`per*dom"i*nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The sixth tone of the scale; that next
above the dominant; -- called also
<altname>submediant</altname>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su`per*em"i*nence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Su`per*em"i*nen*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>supereminentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or
state of being supereminent; distinguished eminence; <as>as, the
<ex>supereminence</ex> of Cicero as an orator, or Lord Chatham as
a statesman</as>.</def>
<au>Ayliffe.</au>
<q>He was not forever beset with the consciousness of his own
<qex>supereminence</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*em"i*nent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supereminens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>supereminere</ets>. See
<er>Super-</er>, and <er>Eminent</er>.]</ety> <def>Eminent in a
superior degree; surpassing others in excellence; <as>as, a
<ex>supereminent</ex> divine; the <ex>supereminent</ex> glory of
Christ</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Su`per*em"i*nent*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Su`per*er"o*gant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supererogans</ets>, p.pr. See <er>Supererogate</er>.]</ety>
<def>Supererogatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*er"o*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Supererogated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Supererogating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>supererogatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>supererogare</ets> to
spend or pay out over and above; <ets>super</ets> over, above +
<ets>erogare</ets> to expend or pay out money from the public
treasury after asking the consent of the people. See
<er>Super-</er>, and <er>Erogate</er>, <er>Rogation</er>.]</ety>
<def>To do more than duty requires; to perform works of
supererogation; to atone (for a dificiency in another) by means
of a surplus action or quality.</def>
<q>The fervency of one man in prayer can not
<qex>supererogate</qex> for the coldness of another.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*er`o*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supererogatio</ets> a payment in addition.]</ety> <def>The
act of supererogating; performance of more than duty or necessity
requires.</def>
<cs><col>Works of supererogation</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>,
<cd>those good deeds believed to have been performed by saints,
or capable of being performed by men, over and above what is
required for their own salvation.</cd></cs>
<hw>Su`per*e*rog"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Supererogatory.</def>
<hw>Su`per*e*rog"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Performed to an extent not enjoined, or not required, by
duty or necessity; <as>as, <ex>supererogatory</ex>
services</as>.</def>
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Su`per*es*sen"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Essential above others, or above the constitution of a
thing.</def>
<au>J. Ellis.</au>
<hw>Su`per*eth"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>More
than ethical; above ethics.</def>
<au>Bolingbroke.</au>
<hw>Su`per*ex*alt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Superexalted</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Superexalting</er>.]</wordforms>
<def>To exalt to a superior degree; to exalt above others.</def>
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Su`per*ex`al*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Elevation above the common degree.</def>
<au>Holyday.</au>
<hw>Su`per*ex"cel*lence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Superior excellence; extraordinary excellence.</def>
<hw>Su`per*ex"cel*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>super-</ets> + <ets>excellent</ets>: cf. L.
<ets>superexcellens</ets>.]</ety> <def>Excellent in an uncommon
degree; very excellent.</def>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Su`per*ex`ci*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Excessive, or more than normal, excitation.</def>
<hw>Su`per*ex*cres"cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Something growing superfluously.</def>
<hw>Su"per*fam`i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group intermediate between a family
and a suborder.</def>
<hw>Su`per*fec`un*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Fertilization of two ova, at the same
menstruation, by two different acts of coition.</def>
<hw>Su`per*fe*cun"di*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Superabundant fecundity or multiplication of the
species.</def>
<hw>Su`per*fe"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superfetare</ets>; <ets>super</ets> above, over +
<ets>fetare</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <def>To conceive after a
prior conception, but before the birth of the offspring.</def>
<q>The female . . . is said to <qex>superfetate</qex>.</q>
<qau>Grew.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*fe*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>superf\'82tation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>
<def>The formation of a fetus at the result of an impregnation
occurring after another impregnation but before the birth of the
offspring produced by it. This is possible only when there is a
double uterus, or where menstruation persists up to the time of
the second impregnation.</def>
<q>In then became a <qex>superfetation</qex> upon, and not an
ingredient in, the national character.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*fete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
superfetate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*fete"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To conceive (another
fetus) after a former conception.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Su"per*fice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
superficies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Su`per*fi"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superficialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>superficiel</ets>. See
<er>Superficies</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to
the superficies, or surface; lying on the surface; shallow; not
deep; <as>as, a <ex>superficial</ex> color; a
<ex>superficial</ex> covering; <ex>superficial</ex> measure or
contents; <ex>superficial</ex> tillage</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reaching or comprehending only what is obvious
or apparent; not deep or profound; shallow; -- said especially in
respect to study, learning, and the like; <as>as, a
<ex>superficial</ex> scholar; <ex>superficial</ex>
knowledge</as>.</def>
<q>This <qex>superficial</qex> tale
Is but a preface of her worthy praise.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>He is a presumptuous and <qex>superficial</qex> writer.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<q>That <qex>superficial</qex> judgment, which happens to be
right without deserving to be so.</q>
<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Su`per*fi"cial*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Su`per*fi"cial*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Su`per*fi"cial*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who attends
to anything superficially; a superficial or shallow person; a
sciolist; a smatterer.</def>
<hw>Su`per*fi`ci*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>superficialit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The
quality or state of being superficial; also, that which is
superficial.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Su`per*fi"cial*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To attend to, or to treat, superficially, or in a shallow or
slighting way.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>It is a characteristic weakness of the day to
<qex>superficialize</qex> evil.</q>
<qau>E. P. Whipple.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Rom.
Law)</fld> <def>One to whom a right of surface occupation is
granted; one who pays quitrent for a house built upon another
man's ground.</def>
<hw>Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or
pertaining to the superficies, or surface; superficial.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>Situated or built on
another man's land, as a house.</def>
<hw>Su`per*fi"cies</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
<ets>super</ets> above, over + <ets>facies</ets> make, figure,
shape. See <er>Surface</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The surface;
the exterior part, superficial area, or face of a thing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Everything
on the surface of a piece of ground, or of a building, so closely
connected by art or nature as to constitute a part of it, as
houses, or other superstructures, fences, trees, vines,
etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A real right consisting of a grant
by a landed proprietor of a piece of ground, bearing a strong
resemblance to the long building leases granted by landholders in
England, in consideration of a rent, and under reservation of the
ownership of the soil.</def>
<au>Bouvier. Wharton.</au>
<hw>Su"per*fine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Very fine, or most fine; being of surpassing fineness; of
extra nice or fine quality; <as>as, <ex>superfine</ex>
cloth</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Excessively fine; too nice; over particular;
<as>as, <ex>superfine</ex> distinctions; <ex>superfine</ex>
tastes</as>.</def>
<hw>Su"per*fine`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being
superfine.</def>
<hw>Su`per*fin"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Extremely finical.</def>
<hw>Su*per"flu*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superfluens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>superfluere</ets> to flow
or run over. See <er>Superfluous</er>.]</ety>
<def>Superfluity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hammond.</au>
<hw>Su`per*flu"i*tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>super</ets> above + <ets>fluitans</ets>, p.pr. of
<ets>fluitare</ets> intensive fr. <ets>fluere</ets> to
flow.]</ety> <def>Floating above or on the surface.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Sir T. Browne</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Su`per*flu"i*tance</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>
<-- p. 1447 -->
<hw>Su`per*flu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Superfluities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>superfluit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>superfluitas</ets>. See
<er>Superfluous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A greater quantity
than is wanted; superabundance; <as>as, a <ex>superfluity</ex> of
water; a <ex>superfluity</ex> of wealth.</as></def>
<q>A quiet mediocrity is still to be preferred before a troubled
<qex>superfluity</qex>.</q>
<qau>Suckling.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state or quality of being superfluous;
excess.</def> \'bdBy a <xex>superfluity</xex> abominable.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something beyond what is needed; something which
serves for show or luxury.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Superabundance; excess; redundancy.</syn>
<hw>Su*per"flu*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superfluus</ets> overflowing; <ets>super</ets> over, above +
<ets>fluere</ets> to flow. See <er>Super-</er>, and
<er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <def>More than is wanted or is
sufficient; rendered unnecessary by superabundance; unnecessary;
useless; excessive; <as>as, a <ex>superfluous</ex>
price</as>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>An authority which makes all further argument or illustration
<qex>superfluous</qex>.</q>
<qau>E. Everett.</qau>
<cs><col>Superfluous interval</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an
interval that exceeds a major or perfect interval by a
semitone.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Unnecessary; useless; exuberant; excessive;
redundant; needless.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Su*per"flu*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Su*per"flu*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Su"per*flux</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Superabundance; superfluity; an overflowing.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Su`per*f\'d2*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Superfetation.</def>
<hw>Su`per*fo`li*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Excess of foliation.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Su`per*fron"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A cloth which is placed over the top of
an altar, and often hangs down a few inches over the
frontal.</def>
<hw>Su`per*fuse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>To pour
(something) over or on something else.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<hw>Su`per*heat"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Superheated</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Superheating</er>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To heat too much, to overheat; <as>as, to
<ex>superheat</ex> an oven</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>To heat, as steam,
apart from contact with water, until it resembles a perfect
gas.</def>
<hw>Su"per*heat`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The increase of
temperature communicated to steam by superheating it.</def>
<-- superheated. heated to a temperature above the boiling point
at the ambient pressure; -- said of liquids. In such an unstable
condition, a small disturbance of the liquid can cause a rapid
and sometimes violent ebullition of vapor. -->
<hw>Su"per*heat`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Steam
Engine)</fld> <def>An apparatus for superheating steam.</def>
<hw>Su"per*hive`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
removable upper part of a hive. The word is sometimes contracted
to <xex>super</xex>.</def>
<hw>Su`per*hu"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Above or
beyond what is human; sometimes, divine; <as>as,
<ex>superhuman</ex> strength; <ex>superhuman</ex>
wisdom</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`per*im*pose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Superimposed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Superimposing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lay or impose on
something else; <as>as, a stratum of earth <ex>superimposed</ex>
on another stratum</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Su`per*im`po*si"tion</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Su`per*in`preg*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The act of impregnating, or the state of being impregnated,
in addition to a prior impregnation; superfetation.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su`per*in*cum"bence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Su`per*in*cum"ben*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being superincumbent.</def>
<hw>Su`per*in*cum"bent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superincumbens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>superincumbere</ets>.
See <er>Super-</er>, and <er>Incumbent</er>.]</ety> <def>Lying or
resting on something else.</def>
<hw>Su`per*in*duce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Superinduced</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Superinducing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>super-</ets> +
<ets>induce</ets>: cf. L. <ets>superinducere</ets> to draw
over.]</ety> <def>To bring in, or upon, as an addition to
something.</def>
<q>Long custom of sinning <qex>superinduces</qex> upon the soul
new and absurd desires.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*in*duce"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Superinduction.</def>
<hw>Su`per*in*duc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of superinducing, or the state of being superinduced.</def>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Su`per*in*fuse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>super-</ets> + <ets>infuse</ets>: cf. L.
<ets>superinfundere</ets>, <ets>superinfusum</ets>, to pour
over.]</ety> <def>To infuse over.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*in*jec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An
injection succeeding another.</def>
<hw>Su`per*in*spect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>super-</ets> + <ets>inspect</ets>: cf. L.
<ets>superinspicere</ets>, <ets>superinspectum</ets>.]</ety>
<def>To over see; to superintend by inspection.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Maydman.</au>
<hw>Su`per*in`sti*tu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>One institution upon another, as when A is instituted and
admitted to a benefice upon a title, and B instituted and
admitted upon the presentation of another.</def>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<hw>Su`per*in`tel*lec"tu*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Being above intellect.</def>
<hw>Su`per*in*tend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Superintended</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Superintending</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[L. <ets>superintendere</ets>. See <er>Super-</er>, and
<er>Intend</er>.]</ety> <def>To have or exercise the charge and
oversight of; to oversee with the power of direction; to take
care of with authority; to supervise; <as>as, an officer
<ex>superintends</ex> the building of a ship or the construction
of a fort</as>.</def>
<q>The king may appoint a council, who may <qex>superintend</qex>
the works of this nature.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Superintend</er>, <er>Supervise</er>.</syn>
<usage> These words in general use are the synonymous. As
sometimes used, <xex>supervise</xex> implies the more general,
and <xex>superintend</xex>, the more particular and constant,
inspection or direction. Among architects there is a disposition
to use the word <xex>supervise</xex> in the sense of a general
oversight of the main points of construction with reference to
the design, etc., and to employ the word <xex>superintend</xex>
to signify a constant, careful attention to all the details of
construction. But this technical distinction is not firmly
established.</usage>
<hw>Su`per*in*tend"ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>superintendance</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of
superintending; care and oversight for the purpose of direction;
supervision.</def>
<au>Barrow.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Inspection; oversight; care; direction; control;
guidance.</syn>
<hw>Su`per*in*tend"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>-cies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The act of
superintending; superintendence.</def>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Su`per*in*tend"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superintendens</ets>, p.pr. See <er>Superintend</er>.]</ety>
<def>Overseeing; superintending.</def>
<hw>Su`per*in*tend"ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
OF. <ets>superintendant</ets>, F. <ets>surintendant</ets>. Cf.
<er>Surintendant</er>.]</ety> <def>One who has the oversight and
charge of some place, institution, or organization, affairs,
etc., with the power of direction; <as>as, the
<ex>superintendent</ex> of an almshouse; the
<ex>superintendent</ex> of public works</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Inspector; overseer; manager; director; curator;
supervisor.</syn>
<hw>Su`per*in*tend"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
superintendent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*in*vest"i*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>An outer vestment or garment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Horne.</au>
<hw>Su*pe"ri*or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.,
compar. of <ets>superus</ets> being above, fr. <ets>super</ets>
above, over: cf. F. <ets>sup\'82rieur</ets>. See <er>Super-</er>,
and cf. <er>Supreme</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>More elevated
in place or position; higher; upper; <as>as, the
<ex>superior</ex> limb of the sun; the <ex>superior</ex> part of
an image</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Higher in rank or office; more exalted in
dignity; <as>as, a <ex>superior</ex> officer; a <ex>superior</ex>
degree of nobility</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Higher or greater in excellence; surpassing
others in the greatness, or value of any quality; greater in
quality or degree; <as>as, a man of <ex>superior</ex> merit; or
of <ex>superior</ex> bravery</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Beyond the power or influence of; too great or
firm to be subdued or affected by; -- with <xex>to</xex>.</def>
<q>There is not in earth a spectacle more worthy than a great man
<qex>superior</qex> to his sufferings.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>More comprehensive; as a term in classification;
<as>as, a genus is <ex>superior</ex> to a species</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Above the ovary;
-- said of parts of the flower which, although normally below the
ovary, adhere to it, and so appear to originate from its upper
part; also of an ovary when the other floral organs are plainly
below it in position, and free from it.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>Belonging to the part of an axillary flower which is toward
the main stem; posterior.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Pointing toward
the apex of the fruit; ascending; -- said of the radicle.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Superior conjunction</col>, <col>Superior
planets</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See <er>Conjunction</er>,
<er>Planet</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Superior figure</col>,
<col>Superior letter</col></mcol> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a
figure or letter printed above the line, as a reference to a note
or an index of a power, etc; <as>as, in x<sups>2</sups> +
y<sups>n</sups>, 2 is a <ex>superior figure<ex>, <it>n<it> a
<ex>superior letter<ex>. Cf. <cref>Inferior figure</cref>, under
<er>Inferior</er>.</cd><-- = superscripted number, letter
--></cs>
<hw>Su*pe"ri*or</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is
above, or surpasses, another in rank, station, office, age,
ability, or merit; one who surpasses in what is desirable; as
Addison has no <xex>superior</xex> as a writer of pure
English.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The head of a monastery,
convent, abbey, or the like.</def>
<hw>Su*pe"ri*or*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A
woman who acts as chief in a convent, abbey, or nunnery; a lady
superior.</def>
<hw>Su*pe`ri*or"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>sup\'82riorit\'82</ets>, LL.
<ets>superioritas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality, state, or
condition of being superior; <as>as, <ex>superiority</ex> of
rank; <ex>superiority</ex> in merit.</as></def>
<syn>Syn. -- Pre\'89minence; excellence; predominancy;
prevalence; ascendency; odds; advantage.</syn>
<hw>Su*pe"ri*or*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
superior position or manner.</def>
<hw>Su`per*ja"cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superjacens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>superjacere</ets>;
<ets>super</ets> above + <ets>jacere</ets> to lie.]</ety>
<def>Situated immediately above; <as>as, <ex>superjacent</ex>
rocks</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`per*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superlatio</ets>. See <er>Superlative</er>.]</ety>
<def>Exaltation of anything beyond truth or propriety.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Su`per*la"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superlativus</ets>, fr. <ets>superlatus</ets> excessive,
used as p.p. of <ets>superiorferre</ets>, but from a different
root: cf. F. <ets>superlatif</ets>. See <er>Elate</er>,
<er>Tolerate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Lifted up to the
highest degree; most eminent; surpassing all other; supreme;
<as>as, <ex>superlative</ex> wisdom or prudence; a woman of
<ex>superlative</ex> beauty; the <ex>superlative</ex> glory of
the divine character.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Expressing the highest or
lowest degree of the quality, manner, etc., denoted by an
adjective or an adverb. The superlative degree is formed from the
positive by the use of <xex>-est</xex>, <xex>most</xex>, or
<xex>least</xex>; <as>as, high<ex>est</ex>, <ex>most</ex>
pleasant, <ex>least</ex> bright</as>.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Su`per*la"tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Su`per*la"tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Su`per*la"tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That
which is highest or most eminent; the utmost degree.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The superlative
degree of adjectives and adverbs; also, a form or word by which
the superlative degree is expressed; <as>as, <ex>strongest</ex>,
<ex>wisest</ex>, <ex>most stormy</ex>, <ex>least windy</ex>, are
all <ex>superlatives</ex></as>.</def>
<-- #sic. there is no definition (b)! -->
<cs><col>Absolute superlative</col>, <cd>a superlative in an
absolute rather than in a comparative or exclusive sense. See
<er>Elative</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Su`per*lu*cra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>super-</ets> + L. <ets>lucratio</ets>
gain.]</ety> <def>Excessive or extraordinary gain.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Davenant.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su`per*lu"nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Su`per*lu"na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Being above the moon; not belonging to this world; --
opposed to <xex>sublunary</xex>.</def>
<q>The head that turns at <qex>superlunar</qex> things.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*ma*te"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Being above, or superior to, matter.</def>
<hw>\'d8Su`per*max*il"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL. See <er>Super-</er>, and <er>Maxilla</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The supermaxilla.</def>
<hw>Su`per*max"il*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Supermaxillary.</def>
<hw>Su`per*me"di*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Above
the middle.</def>
<hw>Su`per*mun"dane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being
above the world; -- opposed to <xex>inframundane</xex>.</def>
<au>Cudworth.</au>
<hw>Su`per*mun"di*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Supermundane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*nac"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like
supernaculum; first-rate; <as>as, a <ex>supernacular</ex>
wine</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Su`per*nac"u*lum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. & n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., from L. <ets>super</ets> over + G. <ets>nagel</ets>, a
nail, as of the finger, or a corruption of L. <ets>super</ets>
and <ets>ungulam</ets> claw.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of
mock Latin term intended to mean, upon the nail; -- used formerly
by topers.</def>
<au>Nares.</au>
<q>Drinking <qex>super nagulum</qex> [<qex>supernaculum</qex>], a
device of drinking, new come out of France, which is, after a man
hath turned up the bottom of the cup, to drop it on his nail and
make a pearl with that is left; which if it slide, and he can not
make it stand on by reason there is too much, he must drink again
for his penance.</q>
<qau>Nash.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Good liquor, of which not enough is left to wet
one's nail.</def>
<au>Grose.</au>
<hw>Su*per"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supernus</ets>, from <ets>super</ets> above: cf. F.
<ets>supernel</ets>. See <er>Super-</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Being in a higher place or region; locally higher; <as>as,
the <ex>supernal</ex> orbs; <ex>supernal</ex> regions</as>.</def>
\'bdThat <xex>supernal</xex> judge.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating or belonging to things above;
celestial; heavenly; <as>as, <ex>supernal</ex> grace</as>.</def>
<q>Not by the sufferance of <qex>supernal</qex> power.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*na"tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supernatanus</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>supernatare</ets> to swim
above; <ets>super</ets> above + <ets>natare</ets> to swim.]</ety>
<def>Swimming above; floating on the surface; <as>as, oil
<ex>supernatant</ex> on water</as>.</def>
<--
<hw>Su`per*na"tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The liquid remaining after solids
suspended in a liquid have been sedimented by gravity or by
centrifugation. Contrasted with the solid
<contr>sediment</contr>, or (in centrifugation) the pellet.</def>
-->
<hw>Su`per*na*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of floating on the surface of a fluid.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Su`per*nat"u*ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>super-</ets> + <ets>natural</ets>: cf. OF.
<ets>supernaturel</ets>, F. <ets>surnaturel</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Being beyond, or exceeding, the power or laws of nature;
miraculous.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Preternatural.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Supernatural</er>, <er>Preternatural</er>.
<xex>Preternatural</xex> signifies <xex>beside</xex> nature, and
<xex>supernatural</xex>, <xex>above</xex> or <xex>beyond</xex>
nature. What is very greatly aside from the ordinary course of
things is <xex>preternatural</xex>; what is above or beyond the
established laws of the universe is <xex>supernatural</xex>. The
dark day which terrified all Europe nearly a century ago was
<xex>preternatural</xex>; the resurrection of the dead is
<xex>supernatural</xex>. \'bdThat form which the earth is under
at present is <xex>preternatural</xex>, like a statue made and
broken again.\'b8 <au>T. Burnet</au>. \'bdCures wrought by
medicines are natural operations; but the miraculous ones wrought
by Christ and his apostles were <xex>supernatural</xex>.\'b8
<au>Boyle</au>.</usage>
<q>That is <qex>supernatural</qex>, whether it be, that is either
not in the chain of natural cause and effect, or which acts on
the chain of cause and effect in nature, from without the
chain.</q>
<qau>Bushnell.</qau>
<q>We must not view creation as <qex>supernatural</qex>, but we
do look upon it as miraculous.</q>
<qau>McCosh.</qau>
<cs><col>The supernatural</col>, <cd>whatever is above and beyond
the scope, or the established course, of the laws of nature.</cd>
\'bdNature and the <xex>supernatural<xex>.\'b8 <au>H.
Bushnell.</au></cs>
<hw>Su`per*nat"u*ral*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of being supernatural;
supernaturalness.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of a divine and
supernatural agency in the production of the miracles and
revelations recorded in the Bible, and in the grace which renews
and sanctifies men, -- in opposition to the doctrine which denies
the agency of any other than physical or natural causes in the
case.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>supranaturalism</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Su`per*nat"u*ral*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who holds
to the principles of supernaturalism.</def>
<hw>Su`per*nat`u*ral*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to supernaturalism.</def>
<hw>Su`per*nat`u*ral"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The quality or state of being supernatural.</def>
<hw>Su`per*nat"u*ral*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To treat or regard as supernatural.</def>
<hw>Su`per*nat"u*ral*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
supernatural manner.</def>
<hw>Su`per*nat"u*ral*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or
state of being supernatural.</def>
<hw>Su`per*nu"mer*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supernumerarius</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>supernum\'82raire</ets>,
F. <ets>surnum\'82raire</ets>. See <er>Super-</er>, and
<er>Numerary</er>, <er>Number</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Exceeding the number stated or prescribed; <as>as, a
<ex>supernumerary</ex> officer in a regiment</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exceeding a necessary, usual, or required number
or quality; superfluous; <as>as, <ex>supernumerary</ex>
addresses; <ex>supernumerary</ex> expense</as>.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Su`per*nu"mer*a*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Supernumeraries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A person or thing beyond the number stated.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person or thing beyond what is necessary or
usual; especially, a person employed not for regular service, but
only to fill the place of another in case of need; specifically,
in theaters, a person who is not a regular actor, but is employed
to appear in a stage spectacle.</def>
<hw>Su`per*oc*cip"i*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Supraoccipital.</def>
<hw>Su`per*or"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group intermediate in importance
between an order and a subclass.</def>
<hw>Su`per*or`di*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>super-</ets> + <ets>ordination</ets>: cf. L.
<ets>superordinatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The ordination of a person
to fill a station already occupied; especially, the ordination by
an ecclesiastical official, during his lifetime, of his
successor.</def>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Su`per*ox"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Peroxide</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*par*tic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>superparticularis</ets>. See <er>Super-</er>, and
<er>Particular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater term over
the less is a unit, as the ratio of 1 to 2, or of 3 to 4.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hutton.</au>
<hw>Su`per*par"tient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superpartiens</ets>; <ets>super</ets> over +
<ets>partiens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>partire</ets> to
divide.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a
ratio when the excess of the greater term over the less is more
than a unit, as that of 3 to 5, or 7 to 10.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hutton.</au>
<hw>Su`per*phos"phate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acid phosphate.</def>
<cs><col>Superphosphate of lime</col> <fld>(Com. Chem.)</fld>,
<cd>a fertilizer obtained by trating bone dust, bone black, or
phosphorite with sulphuric acid, whereby the insoluble neutral
calcium phosphate, <chform>Ca3(PO4)2</chform>, is changed to the
primary or acid calcium phosphate <chform>Ca(H2PO4)2</chform>,
which is soluble and therefore available for the soil.</cd></cs>
<hw>Su`per*phys"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Above
or beyond physics; not explainable by physical laws.</def>
<q>Something <qex>superphysical</qex> and superchemical.</q>
<qau>J. Le Conte.</qau>
<hw>Su"per*plant`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A plant
growing on another, as the mistletoe; an epiphyte.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Su`per*please"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
please exceedingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Su"per*plus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>super-</ets> + L. <ets>plus</ets> more. See
<er>Surplus</er>.]</ety> <def>Surplus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Goldsmith.</au>
<hw>Su"per*plus`age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Surplusage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThere yet remained
a <xex>superplusage</xex>.\'b8
<au>Bp. Fell.</au>
<hw>Su`per*pol"i*tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>More
than politic; above or exceeding policy.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<-- p. 1448 -->
<hw>Su`per*pon"der*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<def>To wiegh over and above.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*pos"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Capable of being superposed, as one figure upon
another.</def>
<hw>Su`per*pose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Superposed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Superposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>superposer</ets>. See <er>Super-</er>, and
<er>Pose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lay upon, as one kind
of rock on another.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>To lay (a figure) upon
another in such a manner that all the parts of the one coincide
with the parts of the other; <as>as, to <ex>superpose</ex> one
plane figure on another</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`per*po*si"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>superposition</ets>. See <er>Super-</er>, and
<er>Position</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of superposing, or the
state of being superposed; <as>as, the <ex>superposition</ex> of
rocks; the <ex>superposition</ex> of one plane figure on another,
in geometry</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`per*praise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
praise to excess.</def>
<q>To vow, and swear, and <qex>superpraise</qex> my parts.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*pro*por"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Overplus or excess of proportion.</def>
<au>Sir K. Digby.</au>
<hw>Su`per*pur*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Excessive purgation.</def>
<au>Wiseman.</au>
<hw>Su`per*re*flec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
reflection of a reflected image or sound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Su`per*re"gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>More than
regal; worthy of one greater than a king.</def>
<au>Waterland.</au>
<hw>Su`per*re*ward"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
reward to an excessive degree.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Su`per*roy"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Larger
than royal; -- said of a particular size of printing and writing
paper. See the Note under <er>Paper</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>
<hw>Su`per*sa"cral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated over, or on the dorsal side of,
the sacrum.</def>
<hw>Su`per*sa"li*en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of leaping on anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Su`per*sa"li*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>super-</ets> + L. <ets>saliens</ets> p.pr. of
<ets>salire</ets> to leap.]</ety> <def>Leaping upon.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*salt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acid salt. See <cref>Acid salt</cref>
<sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Salt</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>
<hw>Su`per*sat"u*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
add to beyond saturation; <as>as, to <ex>supersaturate</ex> a
solution</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`per*sat`u*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The operation of supersaturating, or the state of being
supersaturated.</def>
<hw>Su`per*scribe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Superscribed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Superscribing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>superscribere</ets>, <ets>superscriptum</ets>;
<ets>super</ets> over + <ets>scribere</ets> to write. See
<er>Super-</er>, and <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <def>To write or
engrave (a name, address, inscription, or the like) on the top or
surface; to write a name, address, or the like, on the outside or
cover of (anything); <as>as, to <ex>superscribe</ex> a
letter</as>.</def>
<hw>Su"per*script</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Superscription.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdI will
overglance the <xex>superscript</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Su`per*scrip"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superscriptio</ets>. See <er>Superscribe</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of superscribing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is written or engraved on the
surface, outside, or above something else; specifically, an
address on a letter, envelope, or the like.</def>
<au>Holland.</au>
<q>The <qex>superscription</qex> of his accusation was written
over, The King of the Jews.</q>
<qau>Mark xv. 26.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Pharm.)</fld> <def>That part of a prescription
which contains the Latin word <xex>recipe</xex> (Take) or the
sign <?/.</def>
<hw>Su`per*sec"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being
above the world, or secular things.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Su`per*sede"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Superseded</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Superseding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>supersedere</ets>, <ets>supersessum</ets>, to sit above, be
superior to, forbear, omit; <ets>super</ets> above +
<ets>sedere</ets> to sit: cf. F. <ets>supers\'82der</ets>. See
<er>Sit</er>, and cf. <er>Surcease</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To come, or be placed, in the room of; to replace.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To displace, or set aside, and put another in
place of; <as>as, to <ex>supersede</ex> an officer</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make void, inefficacious, or useless, by
superior power, or by coming in the place of; to set aside; to
render unnecessary; to suspend; to stay.</def>
<q>Nothing is supposed that can <qex>supersede</qex> the known
laws of natural motion.</q>
<qau>Bentley.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>To omit; to forbear.</def>
<hw>\'d8Su`per*se"de*as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L., suspend, set aside, stay, 2d pers. sing. present
subjunctive of <ets>supersedere</ets>. See
<er>Supersede</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ of
command to suspend the powers of an officer in certain cases, or
to stay proceedings under another writ.</def>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<hw>Su*per*se"dure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of superseding, or setting aside; supersession; <as>as, the
<ex>supersedure</ex> of trial by jury</as>.</def>
<au>A. Hamilton.</au>
<hw>Su`per*sem"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
sow, as seed, over something previously sown.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>That can not be done with joy, when it shall be indifferent to
any man to <qex>superseminate</qex> what he please.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*sem`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The sowing of seed over seed previously sown.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Abp. Bramhall.</au>
<hw>Su`per*sen"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>super-</ets> + <ets>sensible</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>supersensible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Beyond the reach of the
senses; above the natural powers of perception.</def>
<hw>Su`per*sen"si*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Excessively sensitive; morbidly sensitive.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Su`per*sen"si*tive*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Su`per*sen"su*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Supersensible.</def>
<hw>Su`per*sen"su*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Supersensible.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Excessively sensuous.</def>
<hw>Su`per*serv"ice*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Overofficious; doing more than is required or desired.</def>
\'bdA <xex>superserviceable</xex>, finical rogue.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Su`per*ses"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
OF. <ets>supersession</ets>. See <er>Supersede</er>.]</ety>
<def>The act of superseding, or the state of being superseded;
supersedure.</def>
<q>The general law of diminishing return from land would have
undergone, to that extent, a temporary
<qex>supersession</qex>.</q>
<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*so"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Above the
sun.</def>
<au>Emerson.</au>
<hw>Su`per*sphe*noid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above, or on the dorsal side of,
the body of the sphenoid bone.</def>
<hw>Su`per*spi"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Supraspinuos.</def>
<hw>Su`per*sti"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>superstition</ets>, L. <ets>superstitio</ets>, originally, a
standing still over or by a thing; hence, amazement, wonder,
dread, especially of the divine or supernatural, fr.
<ets>superstare</ets> to stand over; <ets>super</ets> over +
<ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Super-</er>, and
<er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An excessive reverence
for, or fear of, that which is unknown or mysterious.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ignorant or irrational worship of the Supreme
Deity; excessive exactness or rigor in religious opinions or
practice; extreme and unnecessary scruples in the observance of
religious rites not commanded, or of points of minor importance;
also, a rite or practice proceeding from excess of sculptures in
religion.</def>
<q>And the truth
With <qex>superstitions</qex> and traditions taint.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The worship of a false god or gods; false
religion; religious veneration for objects.</def>
<q>[The accusers] had certain questions against him of their own
<qex>superstition</qex>.</q>
<qau>Acts xxv. 19.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Belief in the direct agency of superior powers
in certain extraordinary or singular events, or in magic, omens,
prognostics, or the like.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Excessive nicety; scrupulous exactness.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Fanaticism.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Superstition</er>,
<er>Fanaticism</er>. <xex>Superstition</xex> springs from
religious feeling misdirected or unenlightened.
<xex>Fanaticism</xex> arises from this same feeling in a state of
high-wrought and self-confident excitement. The former leads in
some cases to excessive rigor in religious opinions or practice;
in others, to unfounded belief in extraordinary events or in
charms, omens, and prognostics, hence producing weak fears, or
excessive scrupulosity as to outward observances. The latter
gives rise to an utter disregard of reason under the false
assumption of enjoying a guidance directly inspired.
<xex>Fanaticism</xex> has a secondary sense as applied to
politics, etc., which corresponds to the primary.</usage>
<hw>Su`per*sti"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One addicted to
superstition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdBlind
<xex>superstitionists</xex>.\'b8
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Su`per*sti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>superstitieux</ets>, L. <ets>superstitiosus</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to superstition; proceeding
from, or manifesting, superstition; <as>as,
<ex>superstitious</ex> rites; <ex>superstitious</ex>
observances</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Evincing superstition; overscrupulous and rigid
in religious observances; addicted to superstition; full of idle
fancies and scruples in regard to religion.</def>
<q>Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too
<qex>superstitious</qex>.</q>
<qau>Acts xvii. 22.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Overexact; scrupulous beyond need.</def>
<cs><col>Superstitious use</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the use of
a gift or bequest, as of land, etc., for the maintenance of the
rites of a religion not tolerated by the law.</cd>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark> <au>Mozley & W.</au></cs>
-- <wordforms><wf>Su`per*sti"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Su`per*sti"tious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Su`per*strain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
overstrain.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Su`per*sta"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Superstrata</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.: cf. L.
<ets>supersternere</ets>, <ets>superstratum</ets>, to spread
upon. See <er>Super-</er>, and <er>Stratum</er>.]</ety> <def>A
stratum, or layer, above another.</def>
<hw>Su`per*struct"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superstructus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>superstruere</ets> to
build upon; <ets>super</ets> over + <ets>struere</ets> to build.
See <er>Super-</er>, and <er>Structure</er>.]</ety> <def>To build
over or upon another structure; to erect upon a foundation.</def>
<q>This is the only proper basis on which to
<qex>superstruct</qex> first innocency and then virtue.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*struc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of superstructing, or building
upon.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which id superstructed, or built upon some
foundation; an edifice; a superstructure.</def>
<q>My own profession hath taught me not to erect new
<qex>superstructions</qex> upon an old ruin.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*struct"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Built
or erected on something else.</def>
<au>Hammond.</au>
<hw>Su`per*struct"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who builds a superstructure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>R. North.</au>
<hw>Su`per*struc"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>superstructure</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any
material structure or edifice built on something else; that which
is raised on a foundation or basis</def>; esp.
<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <def>all that part of a building above the
basement. Also used figuratively.</def>
<q>You have added to your natural endowments the
<qex>superstructure</qex> of study.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Railway Engin.)</fld> <def>The sleepers, and
fastenings, in distinction from the roadbed.</def>
<hw>Su`per*sub*stan"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>super-</ets> + <ets>substantial</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>supersubstantiel</ets>.]</ety> <def>More than substantial;
spiritual.</def> \'bdThe heavenly <xex>supersubstantial</xex>
bread.\'b8
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Su`per*sub"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>To
subtle.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Su`per*sul"phate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acid sulphate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*sul"phu*ret`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Supersulphurized.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>-sulphuretted</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Su`per*sul"phur*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To impregnate or combine with an excess
of sulphur.</def>
<hw>Su`per*tem"po*ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That
which is more than temporal; that which is eternal.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*ter*ra"ne*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Being above ground.</def> \'bd<xex>Superterranean</xex>
quarries.\'b8
<au>Mrs. Trollope.</au>
<hw>Su`per*ter*rene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>super-</ets> + <ets>terrene</ets>: cf. L.
<ets>superterrenus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Being above ground, or
above the earth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*ter*res"tri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Being above the earth, or above what belongs to the
earth.</def>
<au>Buckminster.</au>
<hw>Su`per*ton"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The note next above the keynote; the
second of the scale.</def>
<au>Busby.</au>
<hw>Su`per*trag"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Tragical to excess.</def>
<hw>Su`per*tu`ber*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>super-</ets> + <ets>tuber</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The production of young tubers, as
potatoes, from the old while still growing.</def>
<hw>Su`per*va*ca"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supervacaneus</ets>, <ets>supervacuus</ets>;
<ets>super</ets> over + <ets>vacuus</ets> empty.]</ety>
<def>Serving no purpose; superfluous; needless.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Su`per*vene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Supervened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Supervening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>supervenire</ets>, <ets>superventum</ets>, to come over, to
come upon; <ets>super</ets> over + <ets>venire</ets> to come. See
<er>Super-</er>, and <er>Come</er>, and cf.
<er>Overcome</er>.]</ety> <def>To come as something additional or
extraneous; to occur with reference or relation to something
else; to happen upon or after something else; to be added; to
take place; to happen.</def>
<q>Such a mutual gravitation can never <qex>supervene</qex> to
matter unless impressed by divine power.</q>
<qau>Bentley.</qau>
<q>A tyrany immediately <qex>supervened</qex>.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*ven"ient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superveniens</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Coming as something
additional or extraneous; coming afterwards.</def>
<q>That branch of belief was in him <qex>supervenient</qex> to
Christian practice.</q>
<qau>Hammond.</qau>
<q>Divorces can be granted, <qex>a mensa et toro</qex>, only for
<qex>supervenient</qex> causes.</q>
<qau>Z. Swift.</qau>
<hw>Su`per*ven"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>superventio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of supervening.</def>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Su`per*vis"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Supervision.</def>
<au>Walpole.</au>
<hw>Su`per*vise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Supervised</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Supervising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>super-</ets>
+ L. <ets>visere</ets> to look at attentively, to view, surely,
intens. from <ets>videre</ets>, <ets>visum</ets>, to see. Cf.
<er>Survise</er>, and <er>Survey</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
oversee for direction; to superintend; to inspect with authority;
<as>as, to <ex>supervise</ex> the construction of a steam engine,
or the printing of a book</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To look over so as to read; to peruse.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Superintend</er>.</syn>
<hw>Su`per*vise"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Supervision;
inspection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*vi"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of overseeing; inspection; superintendence; oversight.</def>
<hw>Su`per*vi"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Supervisory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*vis"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who supervises; an overseer; an inspector; a
superintendent; <as>as, a <ex>supervisor</ex> of
schools</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spectator; a looker-on.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Su`per*vi"so*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to supervision; <as>as, <ex>supervisory</ex>
powers</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`per*vive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supervivere</ets>. See <er>Survive</er>.]</ety> <def>To
survive; to outlive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su`per*vo*lute"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supervolutus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>supervolvere</ets> to roll
over; <ets>super</ets> over + <ets>volvere</ets> to roll.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a plainted and convolute
arrangement in the bud, as in the morning-glory.</def>
<hw>Su`pi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supinare</ets>, <ets>supinatum</ets>, to bend or lay
backward, fr. <ets>supinus</ets> supine: cf. F.
<ets>supination</ets>. See <er>Supine</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of turning the
hand palm upward; also, position of the hand with the palm
upward.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act or state of lying with
the face upward. Opposed to <ant>pronation</ant>.</def>
<hw>Su`pi*na"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which produces
the motion of supination.</def>
<hw>Su*pine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supinus</ets>, akin to <ets>sub</ets> under,
<ets>super</ets> above. Cf. <er>Sub-</er>,
<er>Super-</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Lying on the back, or
with the face upward; -- opposed to <xex>prone</xex>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Leaning backward, or inclining with exposure to
the sun; sloping; inclined.</def>
<q>If the vine
On rising ground be placed, or hills <qex>supine</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Negligent; heedless; indolent; listless.</def>
<q>He became pusillanimous and <qex>supine</qex>, and openly
exposed to any temptation.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Negligent; heedless; indolent; thoughtless;
inattentive; listless; careless; drowsy.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Su*pine"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Su*pine"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Su"pine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supinum</ets> (sc. <ets>verbum</ets>), from
<ets>supinus</ets> bent or thrown backward, perhaps so called
because, although furnished with substantive case endings, it
rests or falls back, as it were, on the verb: cf. F.
<ets>supin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Lat. Gram.)</fld> <def>A verbal
noun; or (according to C.F.Becker), a case of the infinitive mood
ending in <xex>-um</xex> and <xex>-u</xex>, that in
<xex>-um</xex> being sometimes called the <xex>former
supine</xex>, and that in <xex>-u</xex> the <xex>latter
supine</xex>.</def>
<hw>Su*pin"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supinitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Supineness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sup"page</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Sup</er>.]</ety> <def>What may be supped; pottage.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hooker.</au>
<hw>Sup`pal*pa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suppalpari</ets> to caress a little; <ets>sub</ets> under, a
little + <ets>palpare</ets> to caress.]</ety> <def>The act of
enticing by soft words; enticement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sup*par`a*si*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Supparasite</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of flattering
to gain favor; servile approbation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sup*par"a*site</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supparasitari</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under, a little +
<ets>parasitus</ets> a parasite.]</ety> <def>To flatter; to
cajole; to act the parasite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dr. R. Clerke.</au>
<hw>Sup*pawn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Supawn</er>.</def>
<hw>Sup`pe*da"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sub-</ets> + L. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot:
cf. L. <ets>suppedaneum</ets> a footstool.]</ety> <def>Being
under the feet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sup*ped"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suppeditatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>suppeditare</ets> to
supply.]</ety> <def>To supply; to furnish.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hammond.</au>
<hw>Sup*ped`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suppeditatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Supply; aid afforded.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sup"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>soper</ets>, <ets>super</ets>, OF. <ets>super</ets>,
<ets>soper</ets>, F. <ets>souper</ets>; originally an infinitive,
to sup, take a meal. See <er>Soup</er>, and cf. <er>Sup</er> to
take supper.]</ety> <def>A meal taken at the close of the day;
the evening meal.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Supper</xex> is much used in an obvious sense,
either adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as,
<xex>supper</xex> time or <xex>supper</xex>-time,
<xex>supper</xex> bell, <xex>supper</xex> hour, etc.</note>
<hw>Sup"per</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take supper; to
sup.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sup"per</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To supply with
supper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdKester was
<xex>suppering</xex> the horses.\'b8
<au>Mrs. Gaskell.</au>
<hw>Sup"per*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no supper;
deprived of supper; <as>as, to go <ex>supperless</ex> to
bed</as>.</def>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>
<hw>Sup"ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of one who sups; the act of taking supper.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is supped; broth.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holland.</au>
<hw>Sup*place"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
replace.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>J. Bascom.</au>
<hw>Sup*plant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Supplanted</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Supplanting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>supplanter</ets>, L. <ets>supplantare</ets> to trip up one's
heels, to throw down; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>planta</ets>
the sole of the foot, also, a sucker, slip, sprout. Cf.
<er>Plant</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To trip
up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Supplanted</xex>, down he
fell.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To remove or displace by stratagem; to displace
and take the place of; to supersede; <as>as, a rival
<ex>supplants</ex> another in the favor of a mistress or a
prince</as>.</def>
<q>Suspecting that the courtier had <qex>supplanted</qex> the
friend.</q>
<qau>Bp. Fell.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To overthrow, undermine, or force away, in order
to get a substitute in place of.</def>
<q>You never will <qex>supplant</qex> the received ideas of
God.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To remove; displace; overpower; undermine;
overthrow; supersede.</syn>
<-- p. 1449 -->
<hw>Sup`plan*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>supplantation</ets>, L. <ets>supplantatio</ets>
hypocritical deceit.]</ety> <def>The act of supplanting or
displacing.</def>
<q>Habitual <qex>supplantation</qex> of immediate
selfishness.</q>
<qau>Cloeridge.</qau>
<hw>Sup*plan"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
supplants.</def>
<hw>Sup"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>souple</ets>, F. <ets>souple</ets>, from L.
<ets>supplex</ets> suppliant, perhaps originally, being the
knees. Cf. <er>Supplicate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pliant;
flexible; easily bent; <as>as, <ex>supple</ex> joints;
<ex>supple</ex> fingers</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Yielding compliant; not obstinate; submissive to
guidance; <as>as, a <ex>supple</ex> horse</as>.</def>
<q>If punishment . . . makes not the will <qex>supple</qex>, it
hardens the offender.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Bending to the humor of others; flattering;
fawning; obsequious.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Pliant; flexible; yielding; compliant; bending;
flattering; fawning; soft.</syn>
<hw>Sup"ple</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Suppled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Suppling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To make soft and pliant; to render flexible; <as>as, to
<ex>supple</ex> leather</as>.</def>
<q>The flesh therewith she <qex>suppled</qex> and did steep.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make compliant, submissive, or
obedient.</def>
<q>A mother persisting till she had bent her daughter's mind and
<qex>suppled</qex> her will.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<q>They should <qex>supple</qex> our stiff willfulness.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>
<hw>Sup"ple</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become soft and
pliant.</def>
<q>The stones . . .
<qex>Suppled</qex> into softness as they fell.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sup"ple-chapped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
a limber tongue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdA
<xex>supple-chapped</xex> flatterer.\'b8
<au>Marston.</au>
<hw>Sup"ple-jack`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A climbing shrub
(<spn>Berchemia volubilus</spn>) of the Southern United States,
having a tough and pliable stem.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
somewhat similar tropical American plant (<spn>Paullinia
Curassavica</spn>); also, a walking stick made from its
stem.</def>
<q>He was in form and spirit like a <qex>supple-jack</qex>, . . .
yielding, but tough; though he bent, he never broke.</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>
<note><hand/ This name is given to various plants of similar
habit in different British colonies.</note>
<hw>Sup"ple*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a supple manner;
softly; pliantly; mildly.</def>
<au>Cotgrave.</au>
<hw>Sup"ple*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>suppl\'82ment</ets>, L. <ets>supplementum</ets>, fr.
<ets>supplere</ets> to fill up. See <er>Supply</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which supplies a
deficiency, or meets a want; a store; a supply.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which fills up, completes, or makes an
addition to, something already organized, arranged, or set apart;
specifically, a part added to, or issued as a continuation of, a
book or paper, to make good its deficiencies or correct its
errors.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Trig.)</fld> <def>The number of degrees which,
if added to a specified arc, make it 180\'f8; the quantity by
which an arc or an angle falls short of 180 degrees, or an arc
falls short of a semicircle.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Appendix.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Appendix</er>,
<er>Supplement</er>. An <xex>appendix</xex> is that which is
appended to something, but is not essential to its completeness;
a <xex>supplement</xex> is that which supplements, or serves to
complete or make perfect, that to which it is added.</usage>
<hw>Sup"ple*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Supplemented</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Supplementing</er>.]</wordforms>
<def>To fill up or supply by addition; to add something to.</def>
<q>Causes of one kind must be <qex>supplemented</qex> by bringing
to bear upon them a causation of another kind.</q>
<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sup`ple*men"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sup`ple*men"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>suppl\'82mentaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Added to
supply what is wanted; additional; being, or serving as, a
supplement; <as>as, a <ex>supplemental</ex> law; a
<ex>supplementary</ex> sheet or volume</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Supplemental air</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the
air which in addition to the residual air remains in the lungs
after ordinary expiration, but which, unlike the residual air,
can be expelled; reserve air.</cd> -- <col>Supplemental
bill</col> <fld>(Equity)</fld>, <cd>a bill filed in aid of an
original bill to supply some deffect in the latter, or to set
forth new facts which can not be done by amendment.</cd>
<au>Burrill.</au> <au>Daniel</au>. -- <col>Supplementary
chords</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>in an ellipse or hyperbola,
any two chords drawn through the extremities of a diameter, and
intersecting on the curve.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sup`ple*men*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of supplementing.</def>
<au>C. Kingsley.</au>
<hw>Sup"ple*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being supple; flexibility; pliableness;
pliancy.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sup"ple*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sup"ple*to*ry</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>suppl\'82tif</ets>, LL. <ets>suppletivus</ets>, from L.
<ets>supplere</ets>, <ets>suppletum</ets>, to fill up. See
<er>Supply</er>.]</ety> <def>Supplying deficiencies;
supplementary; <as>as, a <ex>suppletory</ex> oath</as>.</def>
<hw>Sup"ple*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Suppletories</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>That which is
to supply what is wanted.</def>
<q>Invent <qex>suppletories</qex> to excuse an evil man.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<hw>Sup*pli"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
supplying; a supply.</def> \'bdThe <xex>supplial</xex> of a
preposition.\'b8
<au>Fitzed. Hall.</au>
<hw>Sup*pli"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Supply</er>.]</ety> <def>That which supplies a want;
assistance; a gratification; satisfaction.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The perfume and <qex>suppliance</qex> of a minute.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sup*pli"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Suppliant</er>.]</ety> <def>Supplication; entreaty.</def>
<q>When Greece her knee in <qex>suppliance</qex> bent.</q>
<qau>Halleck.</qau>
<hw>Sup"pli*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., p.pr.
of <ets>supplier</ets> to entreat, L. <ets>supplicare</ets>. See
<er>Supplicate</er>, and cf. <er>Supplicant</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Asking earnestly and submissively; entreating;
beseeching; supplicating.</def>
<q>The rich grow <qex>suppliant</qex>, and the poor grow
proud.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Manifesting entreaty; expressive of
supplication.</def>
<q>To bow and sue for grace
With <qex>suppliant</qex> knee.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Entreating; beseeching; suing; begging;
supplicating; imploring.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sup"pli*ant*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sup"pli*ant*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sup"pli*ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who supplicates; a
humble petitioner; one who entreats submissively.</def>
<q>Hear thy <qex>suppliant's</qex> prayer.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sup"pli*can*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Supplication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sup"pli*cant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supplicans</ets>, p.pr. See <er>Supplicate</er>, and cf.
<er>Suppliant</er>.]</ety> <def>Entreating; asking
submissively.</def> <au>Shak</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Sup"pli*cant*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sup"pli*cant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who supplicates; a
suppliant.</def>
<q>The wise <qex>supplicant</qex> . . . left the event to
God.</q>
<qau>Rogers.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Sup"pli*cat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., he
supplicates.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Universities)</fld> <def>A
petition; esp., a written one, with a certificate that the
conditions have been complied with.</def>
<hw>Sup"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Supplicated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Supplicating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>supplicatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>supplicare</ets> to
supplicate; of uncertain origin, cf. <ets>supplex</ets>,
<ets>supplicis</ets>, humbly begging or entreating; perhaps fr.
<ets>sub</ets> under + a word akin to <ets>placare</ets> to
reconcile, appease (cf. <er>Placable</er>), or fr. <ets>sub</ets>
under + <ets>plicare</ets> to fold, whence the idea of bending
the knees (cf. <er>Ply</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>). Cf.
<er>Supple</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To entreat for; to seek
by earnest prayer; to ask for earnestly and humbly; <as>as, to
<ex>supplicate</ex> blessings on Christian efforts to spread the
gospel</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To address in prayer; to entreat as a
supplicant; <as>as, to <ex>supplicate</ex> the Deity</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To beseech; entreat; beg; petition; implore;
importune; solicit; crave. See <er>Beseech</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sup"pli*cate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make petition
with earnestness and submission; to implore.</def>
<q>A man can not brook to <qex>supplicate</qex> or beg.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<hw>Sup"pli*ca`ting*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
supplicating manner.</def>
<hw>Sup`pli*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>supplication</ets>, L. <ets>supplicatio</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of supplicating; humble and earnest
prayer, as in worship.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A humble petition; an earnest request; an
entreaty.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A religious solemnity
observed in consequence of some military success, and also, in
times of distress and danger, to avert the anger of the
gods.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Entreaty; petition; solicitation; craving.</syn>
<hw>Sup"pli*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who supplicates; a supplicant.</def>
<hw>Sup"pli*ca*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>supplicatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing supplication;
humble; earnest.</def>
<hw>Sup*pli"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
supplies.</def>
<hw>Sup*ply"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Supplied</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Supplying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For older <ets>supploy</ets>, F.
<ets>suppl\'82er</ets>, OF. also <ets>supployer</ets>, (assumed)
LL. <ets>suppletare</ets>, from L. <ets>supplere</ets>,
<ets>suppletum</ets>; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>plere</ets> to
fill, akin to <ets>plenus</ets> full. See <er>Plenty</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To fill up, or keep full; to furnish with what
is wanted; to afford, or furnish with, a sufficiency; <as>as,
rivers are <ex>supplied</ex> by smaller streams; an aqueduct
<xex>supplies</xex> an artificial lake; -- often followed by
<xex>with</xex> before the thing furnished; <as>as, to
<ex>supply</ex> a furnace with fuel</as>; to <ex>supply</ex>
soldiers with ammunition</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To serve instead of; to take the place of.</def>
<q>Burning ships the banished sun <qex>supply</qex>.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<q>The sun was set, and Vesper, to <qex>supply</qex>
His absent beams, had lighted up the sky.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fill temporarily; to serve as substitute for
another in, as a vacant place or office; to occupy; to have
possession of; <as>as, to <ex>supply</ex> a pulpit</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give; to bring or furnish; to provide;
<as>as, to <ex>supply</ex> money for the war</as>.</def>
<au>Prior.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- To furnish; provide; administer; minister;
contribute; yield; accommodate.</syn>
<hw>Sup*ply"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Supplies</plw>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of supplying;
supplial.</def>
<au>A. Tucker.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which supplies a want; sufficiency of
things for use or want.</def> Specifically: --
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Auxiliary troops or re\'89nforcements.</def>
\'bdMy promised <xex>supply</xex> of horsemen.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The food, and the like, which meets the daily
necessities of an army or other large body of men; store; -- used
chiefly in the plural; <as>as, the army was discontented for lack
of <ex>supplies</ex></as>.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>An amount of money provided, as by Parliament
or Congress, to meet the annual national expenditures; generally
in the plural; <as>as, to vote <ex>supplies</ex></as>.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A person who fills a place for a time; one who
supplies the place of another; a substitute; esp., a clergyman
who supplies a vacant pulpit.</def>
<cs><col>Stated supply</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>a clergyman
employed to supply a pulpit for a definite time, but not settled
as a pastor.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Supply and
demand</col></mcol>. <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld>
<cd>\'bd<xex>Demand<xex> means the quantity of a given article
which would be taken at a given price. <xex>Supply<xex> means the
quantity of that article which could be had at that price.\'b8
<au>F. A. Walker</au>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sup*ply"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving to contain,
deliver, or regulate a supply of anything; <as>as, a
<ex>supply</ex> tank or valve</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Supply system</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
system of tubes and canals in sponges by means of which food and
water are absorbed. See <xex>Illust<xex>. of
<er>Spongi\'91</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sup*ply"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Supplying
or aiding; auxiliary; suppletory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sup*ply"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
supplying or furnishing; supply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sup*port"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Supported</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Supporting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>supporter</ets>, L. <ets>supportare</ets> to carry on, to
convey, in LL., to support, sustain; <ets>sub</ets> under +
<ets>portare</ets> to carry. See <er>Port</er> demeanor.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To bear by being under; to keep from falling; to
uphold; to sustain, in a literal or physical sense; to prop up;
to bear the weight of; <as>as, a pillar <ex>supports</ex> a
structure; an abutment <ex>supports</ex> an arch; the trunk of a
tree <ex>supports</ex> the branches.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To endure without being overcome, exhausted, or
changed in character; to sustain; <as>as, to <ex>support</ex>
pain, distress, or misfortunes</as>.</def>
<q>This fierce demeanor and his insolence
The patience of a god could not <qex>support</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To keep from failing or sinking; to solace under
affictive circumstances; to assist; to encourage; to defend;
<as>as, to <ex>support</ex> the courage or spirits</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To assume and carry successfully, as the part of
an actor; to represent or act; to sustain; <as>as, to
<ex>support</ex> the character of King Lear</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To furnish with the means of sustenance or
livelihood; to maintain; to provide for; <as>as, to
<ex>support</ex> a family; to <ex>support</ex> the ministers of
the gospel.</as></def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To carry on; to enable to continue; to maintain;
<as>as, to <ex>support</ex> a war or a contest; to
<ex>support</ex> an argument or a debate</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To verify; to make good; to substantiate; to
establish; to sustain; <as>as, the testimony is not sufficient to
<ex>support</ex> the charges; the evidence will not
<ex>support</ex> the statements or allegations.</as></def>
<q>To urge such arguments, as though they were sufficient to
<qex>support</qex> and demonstrate a whole scheme of moral
philosophy.</q>
<qau>J. Edwards.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To vindicate; to maintain; to defend
successfully; <as>as, to be able to <ex>support</ex> one's own
cause</as>.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To uphold by aid or countenance; to aid; to
help; to back up; <as>as, to <ex>support</ex> a friend or a
party; to <ex>support</ex> the present administration.</as></def>
<q>Wherefore, bold pleasant,
Darest thou <qex>support</qex> a published traitor?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>A attend as an honorary assistant; <as>as, a
chairman <ex>supported</ex> by a vice chairman; O'Connell left
the prison, <ex>supported</ex> by his two sons.</as></def>
<cs><col>Support arms</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a command in
the manual of arms in responce to which the piece is held
vertically at the shoulder, with the hammer resting on the left
forearm, which is passed horizontally across the body in front;
also, the position assumed in response to this command.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To maintain; endure; verify; substantiate;
countenance; patronize; help; back; second; succor; relieve;
uphold; encourage; favor; nurture; nourish; cherish; shield;
defend; protect; stay; assist; forward.</syn>
<hw>Sup*port"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act, state, or operation of supporting,
upholding, or sustaining.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which upholds, sustains, or keeps from
falling, as a prop, a pillar, or a foundation of any kind.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which maintains or preserves from being
overcome, falling, yielding, sinking, giving way, or the like;
subsistence; maintenance; assistance; re\'89nforcement; <as>as,
he gave his family a good <ex>support</ex>, the <ex>support</ex>
of national credit; the assaulting column had the
<ex>support</ex> of a battery.</as></def>
<cs><col>Points of support</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the
horizontal area of the solids of a building, walls, piers, and
the like, as compared with the open or vacant spaces.</cd> --
<col>Right of support</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an easement or
servitude by which the owner of a house has a right to rest his
timber on the walls of his neighbor's house.</cd>
<au>Kent</au>.</cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Stay; prop; maintenance; subsistence; assistance;
favor; countenance; encouragement; patronage; aid; help; succor;
nutriment; sustenance; food.</syn>
<hw>Sup*port"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>supportable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being supported,
maintained, or endured; endurable.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sup*port"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Sup*port"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sup*port"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Support.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sup`por*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Maintenance; support.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sup*port"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who, or that which, supports; <as>as, oxygen is a
<ex>supporter</ex> of life</as>.</def>
<q>The sockets and <qex>supporters</qex> of flowers are
figured.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>The saints have a . . . <qex>supporter</qex> in all their
miseries.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, an adherent; one who sustains,
advocates, and defends; <as>as, the <ex>supporter</ex> of a
party, faction, or candidate</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A knee placed under
the cathead.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A figure, sometimes of a man,
but commonly of some animal, placed on either side of an
escutcheon, and exterior to it. Usually, both supporters of an
escutcheon are similar figures.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A broad band or truss for
supporting the abdomen or some other part or organ.</def>
<-- athletic supporter. A supprter (Def. 5), specifically to
support the male testicles while engaged in vigorous athletics.
Also called a jock or a jockstrap. -->
<hw>Sup*port"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding
with support.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Sup*port"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no
support.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sup*port"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Support.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<hw>Sup*port"ress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female
supporter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>You are my gracious patroness and <qex>supportress</qex>.</q>
<qau>Massinger.</qau>
<hw>Sup*pos"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being supposed, or imagined to exist; <as>as, that is not a
<ex>supposable</ex> case</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sup*pos"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Sup*pos"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sup*pos"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of
supposing; also, that which is supposed; supposition;
opinion.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Interest, with a Jew, never proceeds but upon
<qex>supposal</qex>, at least, of a firm and sufficient
bottom.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Sup*pose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Supposed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Supposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>supposer</ets>;
pref. <ets>sub-</ets> under + <ets>poser</ets> to place; --
corresponding in meaning to L. <ets>supponere</ets>,
<ets>suppositum</ets>, to put under, to substitute, falsify,
counterfeit. See <er>Pose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
represent to one's self, or state to another, not as true or
real, but as if so, and with a view to some consequence or
application which the reality would involve or admit of; to
imagine or admit to exist, for the sake of argument or
illustration; to assume to be true; as, let us <xex>suppose</xex>
the earth to be the center of the system, what would be the
result?</def>
<q><qex>Suppose</qex> they take offence without a cause.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>When we have as great assurance that a thing is, as we could
possibly, <qex>supposing</qex> it were, we ought not to make any
doubt of its existence.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To imagine; to believe; to receive as
true.</def>
<q>How easy is a bush <qex>supposed</qex> a bear!</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Let not my lord <qex>suppose</qex> that they have slain all
the young men, the king's sons; for Amnon only is dead.</q>
<qau>2 Sam. xiii. 32.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To require to exist or to be true; to imply by
the laws of thought or of nature; <as>as, purpose
<ex>supposes</ex> foresight</as>.</def>
<q>One falsehood always <qex>supposes</qex> another, and renders
all you can say suspected.</q>
<qau>Female Quixote.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To put by fraud in the place of another.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<syn>Syn. -- To imagine; believe; conclude; judge; consider;
view; regard; conjecture; assume.</syn>
<-- p. 1450 -->
<hw>Sup*pose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make
supposition; to think; to be of opinion.</def>
<au>Acts ii. 15.</au>
<hw>Sup*pose"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Supposition.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak</au>. \'bdA base <xex>suppose</xex>
that he is honest.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Sup*pose"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
supposes.</def>
<hw>Sup`po*si"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>supposition</ets>, L. <ets>suppositio</ets> a placing under,
a substitution, fr. <ets>supponere</ets>, <ets>suppositium</ets>,
to put under, to substitute. The word has the meaning
corresponding to <ets>suppose</ets>. See <er>Sub-</er>, and
<er>Position</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of supposing,
laying down, imagining, or considering as true or existing, what
is known not to be true, or what is not proved.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is supposed; hypothesis; conjecture;
surmise; opinion or belief without sufficient evidence.</def>
<q>This is only an infallibility upon <qex>supposition</qex> that
if a thing be true, it is imposible to be false.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<q>He means are in <qex>supposition</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sup`po*si"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Resting on supposition; hypothetical; conjectural;
supposed.</def>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Sup*pos`i*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suppositicus</ets>. See <er>Supposition</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Fraudulently substituted for something else; not
being what is purports to be; not genuine; spurious; counterfeit;
<as>as, a <ex>supposititious</ex> child; a
<ex>supposititious</ex> writing</as>.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Suppositional; hypothetical.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Woodward.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sup*pos`i*ti"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sup*pos`i*ti"tious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sup*pos"i*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>suppositif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Including or implying
supposition, or hypothesis; supposed.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sup*pos"i*tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<au>Hammond</au>.</wordforms>
<hw>Sup*pos"i*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A word denoting or
implying supposition, as the words <xex>if</xex>,
<xex>granting</xex>, <xex>provided</xex>, etc.</def>
<au>Harris.</au>
<hw>Sup*pos"i*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for the introduction of
suppositories into the rectum.</def>
<hw>Sup*pos"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Suppositories</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL.
<ets>suppositorium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>suppositorius</ets> that is
placed underneath: cf. F. <ets>suppositoire</ets>. See
<er>Supposition</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pill or
bolus for introduction into the rectum; esp., a cylinder or cone
of medicated cacao butter.</def>
<hw>Sup*po"sure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Supposition; hypothesis; conjecture.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hudibras.</au>
<hw>Sup*press"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suppressed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suppressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>suppressus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>supprimere</ets> to suppress;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>premere</ets>, <ets>pressum</ets>, to
press. See <er>Sub-</er>, and <er>Press</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To overpower and crush; to subdue; to put down; to
quell.</def>
<q>Every rebellion, when it is <qex>suppressed</qex>, doth make
the subject weaker, and the prince stronger.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To keep in; to restrain from utterance or vent;
<as>as, to <ex>suppress</ex> the voice; to <ex>suppress</ex> a
smile</as>.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To retain without disclosure; to conceal; not to
reveal; to prevent publication of; <as>as, to <ex>suppress</ex>
evidence; to <ex>suppress</ex> a pamphlet; to <ex>suppress</ex>
the truth</as>.</def>
<q>She <qex>suppresses</qex> the name, and this keeps him in a
pleasing suspense.</q>
<qau>Broome.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To stop; to restrain; to arrest the discharges
of; <as>as, to <ex>suppress</ex> a diarrhea, or a
hemorrhage</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To repress; restrain; put down; overthrow;
overpower; overwhelm; conceal; stifle; stop; smother.</syn>
<hw>Sup*press"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That
may be suppressed.</def>
<hw>Sup*pres"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suppressio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>suppression</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of suppressing, or the state of being
suppressed; repression; <as>as, the <ex>suppression</ex> of a
riot, insurrection, or tumult; the <ex>suppression</ex> of truth,
of reports, of evidence, and the like.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Complete stoppage of a natural
secretion or excretion; <as>as, <ex>suppression</ex> of urine; --
used in contradiction to <ex>retention</ex>, which signifies that
the secretion or excretion is retained without
expulsion</as>.</def>
<au>Quain.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Omission; <as>as, the
<ex>suppression</ex> of a word</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Overthrow; destruction; concealment; repression;
detention; retention; obstruction.</syn>
<hw>Sup*press"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending
to suppress; subduing; concealing.</def>
<hw>Sup*press"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
hider.]</ety> <def>One who suppresses.</def>
<hw>Sup*prise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
surprise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sup"pu*rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A suppurative.</def>
<hw>Sup"pu*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suppurated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suppurating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>suppuratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>suppurare</ets> to suppurate,
cause to suppurate; <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>pus</ets>,
<ets>puris</ets>, matter. See <er>Pus</er>.]</ety> <def>To
generate pus; <as>as, a boil or abscess
<ex>suppurates</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sup"pu*rate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to generate
pus; <as>as, to <ex>suppurate</ex> a sore</as>.</def>
<au>Arbuthnot.</au>
<hw>Sup`pu*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suppuratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>suppuration</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of suppurating.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The matter produced by suppuration; pus.</def>
<hw>Sup"pu*ra*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>suppuratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to suppurate;
promoting suppuration.</def>
<cs><col>Suppurative fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>,
<cd>py\'91mia.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sup"pu*ra*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A
suppurative medicine.</def>
<hw>Sup"pu*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supputatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>supputare</ets>. See
<er>Suppute</er>.]</ety> <def>To suppute.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sup`pu*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supputatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>supputation</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Reckoning; account.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sup*pute"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>supputer</ets>, or L. <ets>supputare</ets>; <ets>sub</ets>
under + <ets>putare</ets> to reckon.]</ety> <def>To reckon; to
compute; to suppose; to impute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Su"pra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[L.; akin to
<ets>super</ets>. See <er>Super-</er>.]</ety> <def>Over; above;
before; also, beyond; besides; -- much used as a prefix.</def>
<hw>Su`pra-a*cro"mi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above the acromial process of
the scapula.</def>
<hw>Su`pra-an"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Surangular</er>.</def>
<hw>Su`pra-au*ric"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated above the ear coverts, or
auriculars; -- said of certain feathers of birds.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A supra-auricular feather.</def></def2>
<hw>Su"pra-ax"il*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing above the axil; inserted above the
axil, as a peduncle. See <er>Suprafoliaceous</er>.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*bran"chi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated above the branchi\'91; --
applied especially to the upper division of the gill cavity of
bivalve mollusks.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su`pra*cho"roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Su`pra*cho*roid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above the choroid; -- applied to
the layer of the choroid coat of the eyeball next to the
sclerotic.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*cil"i*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Superciliary.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*clav"i*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bone which usually connects the
clavicle with the post-temporal in the pectorial arch of
fishes.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*cla*vic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Situated above the
clavicle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the
supraclavicle.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su`pra*con"dy*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Su`pra*con"dy*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above a condyle or
condyles.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*cos"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above, or on the outside of, the
ribs.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*cra"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above, or in the roof of, the
cranium.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*cre*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Lying above the chalk;
Supercretaceous.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*de*com"pound</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>More than decompound; divided many
times.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su`pra-e*soph"a*gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Su`pra-e`so*phag"e*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated above,
or on the dorsal side of, the esophagus; <as>as, the
<ex>supra-esophageal</ex> ganglion of Crustacea</as>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>supra-\'d2sophagal</asp>, and
<asp>supra-\'d2sophageal</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Su`pra-eth"moid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Above, or on the dorsal side of, the
ethmoid bone or cartilage.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*fo`li*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Inserted into the stem above the leaf,
petiole, or axil, as a peduncle or flower.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*glot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above the glottis; -- applied to
that part of the cavity of the larynx above the true vocal
cords.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*he*pat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated over, or on the dorsal side of,
the liver; -- applied to the branches of the hepatic veins.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*hy"oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Hyomental.</def>
<hw>Su`pra-il"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The cartilaginous cap at the sacral end
of the ilium of some animals.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Supra-</ets> + <ets>lapse</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>supralapsaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>
<def>One of that class of Calvinists who believed that God's
decree of election determined that man should fall, in order that
the opportunity might be furnished of securing the redemption of
a part of the race, the decree of salvation being conceived of as
formed <xex>before</xex> or <xex>beyond</xex>, and not
<xex>after</xex> or <xex>following</xex>, the lapse, or fall. Cf.
<er>Infralapsarian</er>.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining
to the Supralapsarians, or their doctrine.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The doctrine, belief, or principles of the
Supralapsarians.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*lap"sa*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Supralapsarian.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*lap"sa*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
Supralapsarian.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*lo"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated above the lores; <as>as, the
<ex>supraloral</ex> feathers of a bird</as>.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A supraloral feather.</def></def2>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su`pra*lu"nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Su`pra*lu"na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Beyond the moon; hence, very lofty.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*max"il*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Supramaxill\'91</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The upper jaw or maxilla.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*max"il*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Situated over the lower jaw;
<as>as, the <ex>supramaxillary</ex> nerve</as>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the upper jaw.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*mun"dane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being
or situated above the world or above our system; celestial.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The state of being supernatural; belief in supernatural
agency or revelation; supernaturalism.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
supernaturalist.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Su`pra*nat`u*ral*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>
<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to supernaturalism;
supernaturalistic.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*oc*cip"i*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated over, or in the upper part of,
the occiput; of or pertaining to the supraoccipital bone.</def>
-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The supraoccipital bone.</def></def2>
<cs><col>Supraoccipital bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a bone
on the dorsal side of the great foramen of the skull, usually
forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the
young.</cd></cs>
<hw>Su`pra*oc"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Above the eyes; -- said of certain
scales of fishes and reptiles.</def>
<hw>Su`pra-\'d2*soph"a*gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Supra-esophagal</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su`pra*or"bit*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Su`pra*or"bit*ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above the orbit of the
eye.</def>
<cs><col>Supraorbital point</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the
middle point of the supraorbital line, which is a line drawn
across the narrowest part of the forehead, separating the face
from the cranium; the ophryon.</cd></cs>
<hw>Su*prap"e*dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated above the foot of a mollusk;
<as>as, the <ex>suprapedal</ex> gland</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*pro"test</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Mercantile Law)</fld> <def>An acceptance of a bill by a
third person after protest for nonacceptance by the drawee.</def>
<au>Burrill.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su`pra*pu"bi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Su`pra*pu"bic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above, or anterior to, the pubic
bone.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*re"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above, or anterior to, the
kidneys.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A suprarenal
capsule.</def></def2>
<cs><col>Suprarenal capsules</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>two
small bodies of unknown function in front of, or near, the
kidneys in most vertebrates. Also called <altname>renal
capsules</altname>, and <altname>suprarenal
bodies</altname>.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su`pra*scalp"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Su`pra*scalp"u*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above, or on the anterior side
of, the scapula.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*sphe*noid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above the sphenoidal bone;
<as>as, the <ex>suprasphenoidal</ex> appendage, or pituitary
body</as>.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*spi"nal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Situated above the vertebral column.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Situated above a spine or spines; supraspinate;
supraspinous.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Su`pra*spi"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Su`pra*spi"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above a spine or spines;
especially, situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the neural
spines of the vertebral column, or above, or in front of, the
spine of the scapula.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*sta*pe"di*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, that
part of the columella of the ear which projects above the
connection with the stapes, as in many animals.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The suprastapedial part of the
columella.</def></def2>
<hw>Su`pra*ster"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above, or anterior to, the
sternum.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*tem"po*ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above the temporal bone or
temporal fossa.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A supratemporal
bone.</def></def2>
<hw>Su`pra*troch"le*ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated over or above a trochlea or
trochlear surface; -- applied esp. to one of the subdivisions of
the trigeminal nerve.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*vag"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated above or outside a sheath or
vaginal membrane.</def>
<hw>Su`pra*vi"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Supervision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su`pra*vis"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
supervisor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su`pra*vul"gar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being
above the vulgar or common people.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Collier.</au>
<hw>Su*prem"a*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>supr\'82matie</ets>. See <er>Supreme</er>.]</ety> <def>The
state of being supreme, or in the highest station of power;
highest or supreme authority or power; <as>as, the
<ex>supremacy</ex> of a king or a parliament</as>.</def>
<q>The usurped power of the pope being destroyed, the crown was
restored to its <qex>supremacy</qex> over spiritual men and
causes.</q>
<qau>Blackstone.</qau>
<cs><col>Oath supremacy</col>, <cd>an oath which acknowledges the
supremacy of the sovereign in spiritual affairs, and renounced or
abjures the supremacy of the pope in ecclesiastical or temporal
affairs.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <au>Brande & C.</au></cs>
<hw>Su*preme"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>supremus</ets>, superlative of <ets>superus</ets> that is
above, upper, fr. <ets>super</ets> above: cf. F.
<ets>supr\'88me</ets>. See <er>Super-</er>, and cf.
<er>Sum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Highest in authority;
holding the highest place in authority, government, or
power.</def>
<q>He that is the <qex>supreme</qex> King of kings.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Highest; greatest; most excellent or most
extreme; utmost; greatist possible (sometimes in a bad sense);
<as>as, <ex>supreme</ex> love; <ex>supreme</ex> glory;
<ex>supreme</ex> magnanimity; <ex>supreme</ex> folly</as>.</def>
<q>Each would be <qex>supreme</qex> within its own sphere, and
those spheres could not but clash.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Situated at the highest part
or point.</def>
<cs><col>The Supreme</col>, <cd>the Almighty; God.</cd></cs>
<hw>Su*preme"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a supreme
manner.</def>
<hw>Su*prem"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.
<ets>supremitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Supremacy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Sur-</hw>. <ety>[F. <ets>sur</ets> over, above, contr. fr. L.
<ets>super</ets>, <ets>supra</ets>. See <er>Super-</er>.]</ety>
<def>A prefix signifying <xex>over</xex>, <xex>above</xex>,
<xex>beyond</xex>, <xex>upon</xex>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Su"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar., a step,
a degree.]</ety> <def>One of the sections or chapters of the
Koran, which are one hundred and fourteen in number.</def>
<hw>Su`ra*dan"ni</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A valuable
kind of wood obtained on the shores of the Demerara River in
South America, much used for timbers, rails, naves and fellies of
wheels, and the like.</def>
<hw>Sur`ad*di"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Something added or appended, as to a
name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Su"rah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A soft twilled
silk fabric much used for women's dresses; -- called also
<altname>surah silk</altname>.</def>
<hw>Su"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sura</ets> the calf of the leg: cf. F.
<ets>sural</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining
to the calf of the leg; <as>as, the <ex>sural</ex>
arteries</as>.</def>
<hw>Sur"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Assurance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sur*an"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sur-</ets> + <ets>angular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>Above the angular bone; supra-angular; -- applied to a bone
of the lower jaw in many reptiles and birds.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The surangular bone.</def></def2>
<hw>Sur"base`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sur-</ets> + <ets>base</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A cornice, or series of moldings, on the
top of the base of a pedestal, podium, etc. See
<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Column</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A board or group of moldings running round a
room on a level with the tops of the chair backs.</def>
<au>Knight.</au>
<hw>Sur"based`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a surbase, or molding
above the base.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <ety>[F.
<ets>surbaiss\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the vertical height
from springing line to crown less than the half span; -- said of
an arch; <as>as, a segmental arch is
<ex>surbased</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sur*bate"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Surbated</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Surbating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>solbatu</ets>, p.p., bruised (said of a horse's foot);
<ets>sole</ets> a sole (of a horse's foot) + <ets>battu</ets>,
p.p. of <ets>battre</ets> to beat.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
make sore or bruise, as the feet by travel.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Lest they their fins should bruise, and <qex>surbate</qex>
sore
Their tender feet upon the stony ground.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Chalky land <qex>surbates</qex> and spoils oxen's feet.</q>
<qau>Mortimer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To harass; to fatigue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Clarendon.</au>
<-- p. 1451 -->
<hw>Sur*beat"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Surbate</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sur*bed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Surbedded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Surbedding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sur-</ets> + <ets>bed</ets>.]</ety> <def>To set edgewise, as
a stone; that is, to set it in a position different from that
which it had in the quarry.</def>
<q>It . . . has something of a grain parallel with the horizon,
and therefore should not be <qex>surbedded</qex>.</q>
<qau>Gilbert White.</qau>
<hw>Sur*bet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Surbate</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sur*bet"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Surbated; bruised.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sur*cease"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sursis</ets>, from <ets>sursis</ets>, p.p. of
<ets>surseoir</ets> to suspend, postpone, defer, in OF., to
delay, refrain from, forbear, L. <ets>supersedere</ets>.
<ets>Surcease</ets> is not connected with E. <ets>cease</ets>.
See <er>Supersede</er>.]</ety> <def>Cessation; stop; end.</def>
\'bdNot desire, but its <xex>surcease</xex>.\'b8
<au>Longfellow.</au>
<q>It is time that there were an end and <qex>surcease</qex> made
of this immodest and deformed manner of writing.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<hw>Sur*cease"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to cease; to
end.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe waves . . . their range
<xex>surceast</xex>.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>The nations, overawed, <qex>surceased</qex> the fight.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Sur*cease"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To cease.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sur*cease"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Cessation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sur*charge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Surcharged</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Surcharging</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>surcharger</ets>. See
<er>Sur-</er>, and <er>Charge</er>, and cf. <er>Overcharge</er>,
<er>Supercharge</er>, <er>Supercargo</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To overload; to overburden; to overmatch; to overcharge;
<as>as, to <ex>surcharge</ex> a beast or a ship; to
<ex>surcharge</ex> a cannon</as>.</def>
<q>Four charged two, and two <qex>surcharged</qex> one.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>Your head reclined, as hiding grief from view,
Droops like a rose <qex>surcharged</qex> with morning dew.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To overstock;
especially, to put more cattle into, as a common, than the person
has a right to do, or more than the herbage will sustain.
<xex>Blackstone</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Equity)</fld>
<def>To show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought
to have been given.</def>
<au>Story. Daniel.</au>
<hw>Sur*charge"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An overcharge; an excessive load or burden; a load greater
than can well be borne.</def>
<q>A numerous nobility causeth poverty and inconvenience in a
state, for it is <qex>surcharge</qex> of expense.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The putting, by a
commoner, of more beasts on the common than he has a right
to.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Equity)</fld> <def>The showing an
omission, as in an account, for which credit ought to have been
given.</def>
<au>Burrill.</au>
<hw>Sur*charge"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of surcharging; also, surcharge, surplus.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Daniel.</au>
<hw>Sur*char"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
surcharges.</def>
<hw>Sur"cin`gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sursengle</ets>, OF. <ets>sursangle</ets>. See
<er>Sur-</er>, and <er>Cingle</er>, <er>Shingles</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A belt, band, or girth which passes over a
saddle, or over anything laid on a horse's back, to bind it
fast.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The girdle of a cassock, by
which it is fastened round the waist.</def>
<hw>Sur"cin`gled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bound with
the surcingle.</def>
<hw>Sur"cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>surculus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little shoot; a twig; a
sucker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sur"cloy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Surcloyed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Surcloying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To surfeit.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sur"coat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>surcote</ets>, OF. <ets>surcote</ets>. See <er>Sur-</er>,
and <er>Coat</er>, and cf. <er>Overcoat</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A coat worn over the other garments; especially, the long
and flowing garment of knights, worn over the armor, and
frequently emblazoned with the arms of the wearer.</def>
<q>A long <qex>surcoat</qex> of pers upon he had..</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>At night, or in the rain,
He dons a <qex>surcoat</qex> which he doffs at morn.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A name given to the outer garment of either sex
at different epochs of the Middle Ages.</def>
<hw>Sur"crew`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From F.
<ets>surcro\'8ct</ets> increase, or <ets>surcr\'96</ets>, p.p. of
<ets>surcro\'8ctre</ets> to overgrow.]</ety> <def>Increase;
addition; surplus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<hw>Sur"cu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>surculatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>surculare</ets> to purne,
from <ets>surculus</ets> a shoot, sprout. See
<er>Surcle</er>.]</ety> <def>To purne; to trim.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cockeram.</au>
<hw>Sur`cu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of
purning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sur"cu*lose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[CF. L.
<ets>sucrulosus</ets> woody. See <er>Surcle</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing suckers, or shoots resembling
suckers.</def>
<hw>Surd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>surdus</ets> deaf (whence the meaning, deaf to reason,
irrational), perhaps akin to E. <ets>swart</ets>. Cf.
<er>Sordine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Net having the sense of
hearing; deaf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA <xex>surd</xex> .
. . generation.\'b8
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unheard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Kenrick.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Involving surds; not capable
of being expressed in rational numbers; radical; irrational;
<as>as, a <ex>surd</ex> expression or quantity; a <ex>surd</ex>
number</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Uttered, as an element of
speech, without tone, or proper vocal sound; voiceless;
unintonated; nonvocal; atonic; whispered; aspirated; sharp; hard,
as <xex>f</xex>, <xex>p</xex>, <xex>s</xex>, etc.; -- opposed to
<xex>sonant</xex>. See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>,
<sect/<sect/169, 179, 180.</def>
<hw>Surd</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A quantity which can not be expressed by rational numbers;
<as>thus, \'fb2 is a <ex>surd</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>A surd element of speech. See
<er>Surd</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, 4.</def>
<hw>Surd"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Math.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Surd</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, 3.</def>
<hw>Surd"i*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
sardine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>
<hw>Surd"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>surditas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deafness.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Surer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Surest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sur</ets>, OF. <ets>se\'81r</ets>, F. <ets>s\'96r</ets>, L.
<ets>securus</ets>; <ets>se</ets> aside, without +
<ets>cura</ets> care. See <er>Secure</er>, and cf.
<er>Assure</er>, <er>Insure</er>, <er>Sicker</er> sure.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Certainly knowing and believing; confident
beyond doubt; implicity trusting; unquestioning; positive.</def>
<q>We are <qex>sure</qex> that the judgment of God is according
to truth against them which commit such things.</q>
<qau>Rom. ii. 2.</qau>
<q>I'm <qex>sure</qex> care 's an enemy of life.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Certain to find or retain; <as>as, to be
<ex>sure</ex> of game; to be <ex>sure</ex> of success; to be
<ex>sure</ex> of life or health</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fit or worthy to be depended on; certain not to
fail or disappoint expectation; unfailing; strong; permanent;
enduring.</def> \'bdHis <xex>sure</xex> word.\'b8
<au>Keble.</au>
<q>The Lord will certainly make my lord a <qex>sure</qex> house;
because my lord fighteth the battles of the Lord.</q>
<qau>1 Sam. xxv. 28.</qau>
<q>The testimony of the Lord is <qex>sure</qex>.</q>
<qau>Ps. xix. 7.</qau>
<q>Which put in good <qex>sure</qex> leather sacks.</q>
<qau>Chapman.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Betrothed; engaged to marry.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The king was <qex>sure</qex> to Dame Elizabeth Lucy, and her
husband before God.</q>
<qau>Sir T. More.</qau>
<q>I presume . . . that you had been <qex>sure</qex> as fast as
faith could bind you, man and wife.</q>
<qau>Brome.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Free from danger; safe; secure.</def>
<q>Fear not; the forest is not three leagues off;
If we recover that we are <qex>sure</qex> enough.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
-- <cs><mcol><col>To be sure</col>, <or/ <col>Be
sure</col></mcol>, <cd>certainly; without doubt; as, Shall you
do? <xex>To be sure<xex> I shall.</cd> -- <col>To make
sure</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make certain; to secure so that
there can be no failure of the purpose or object.</cd>
\'bd<xex>Make<xex> Cato <xex>sure<xex>.\'b8 <au>Addison</au>.
\'bdA peace can not fail, provided we <xex>make sure<xex> of
Spain.\'b8 <au>Sir W. Temple</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To
betroth.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>
<q>She that's <qex>made sure</qex> to him she loves not well.</q>
<qau>Cotgrave.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Certain; unfailing; infallible; safe; firm;
permanent; steady; stable; strong; secure; indisputable;
confident; positive.</syn>
<hw>Sure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sure
manner; safely; certainly.</def> \'bdGreat, <xex>sure</xex>,
shall be thy meed.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>'T is pleasant, <qex>sure</qex>, to see one's name in
print.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<hw>Sure"-foot`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not
liable to stumble or fall; <as>as, a <ex>sure-footed</ex>
horse</as>.</def>
<hw>Sure"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>In a sure or certain manner; certainly; infallibly;
undoubtedly; assuredly.</def>
<q>In the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt
<qex>surely</qex> die.</q>
<qau>Gen. ii. 17.</qau>
<q>He that created something out of nothing, <qex>surely</qex>
can raise great things out of small.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without danger; firmly; steadly; securely.</def>
<q>He that walketh uprightly walketh <qex>surely</qex>.</q>
<qau>Prov. x. 9.</qau>
<hw>Sure"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A making
sure; surety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Every <qex>surement</qex> and every bond.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sure"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being sure;
certainty.</def>
<q>For more <qex>sureness</qex> he repeats it.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>
<q>The law holds with equal <qex>sureness</qex> for all right
action.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<hw>Sures"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain. See <er>Rudesby</er>.]</ety> <def>One to be sure of,
or to be relied on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>There is one which is <qex>suresby</qex>, as they say, to
serve, if anything will serve.</q>
<qau>Bradford.</qau>
<hw>Sure"ti*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Suretyship.</def>
<au>Prov. xi. 15.</au>
<hw>Sure"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sureties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.
<ets>seurte</ets>, OF. <ets>se\'81rt\'82</ets>, F.
<ets>s\'96ret\'82</ets>. See <er>Sure</er>,
<er>Security</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being
sure; certainty; security.</def>
<q>Know of a <qex>surety</qex>, that thy seed shall be a stranger
in a land that is not theirs.</q>
<qau>Gen. xv. 13.</qau>
<q>For the more <qex>surety</qex> they looked round about.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which makes sure; that which confirms;
ground of confidence or security.</def>
<q>[We] our happy state
Hold, as you yours, while our obedience holds;
On other <qex>surety</qex> none.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Security against loss or damage; security for
payment, or for the performance of some act.</def>
<q>There remains unpaid
A hundred thousand more; in <qex>surety</qex> of the which
One part of Aquitaine is bound to us.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who is bound with and for
another who is primarily liable, and who is called the
<xex>principal</xex>; one who engages to answer for another's
appearance in court, or for his payment of a debt, or for
performance of some act; a bondsman; a bail.</def>
<q>He that is <qex>surety</qex> for a stranger shall smart for
it.</q>
<qau>Prov. xi. 15.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, a substitute; a hostage.</def>
<au>Cowper.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Evidence; confirmation; warrant.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>She called the saints to <qex>surety</qex>,
That she would never put it from her finger,
Unless she gave it to yourself.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sure"ty</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To act as surety
for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sure"ty*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being
surety; the obligation of a person to answer for the debt,
default, or miscarriage of another.</def>
<au>Bouvier.</au>
<hw>Surf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formerly spelled
<ets>suffe</ets>, and probably the same word as E.
<ets>sough</ets>.]</ety> <def>The swell of the sea which breaks
upon the shore, esp. upon a sloping beach.</def>
<cs><col>Surf bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a ploverlike
bird of the genus <spn>Aphriza</spn>, allied to the
turnstone.</cd> -- <col>Surf clam</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,
<cd>a large clam living on the open coast, especially
<spn>Mactra, <or/ Spisula, solidissima</spn>. See
<er>Mactra</er>.</cd> -- <col>Surf duck</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of sea
ducks of the genus <spn>Oidemia</spn>, especially <spn>O.
percpicillata</spn>; -- called also <altname>surf
scoter</altname>. See the Note under <er>Scoter</er>.</cd> --
<col>Surf fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of
numerous species of California embiotocoid fishes. See
<er>Embiotocoid</er>.</cd> -- <col>Surf smelt</col>.
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Smelt</er>.</cd> -- <col>Surf
whiting</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Whiting</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Surf</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The bottom of a drain.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sur"face`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Sur-</er>, and <er>Face</er>, and cf.
<er>Superficial</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The exterior part
of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that
bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside;
<as>as, the <ex>surface</ex> of the earth; the <ex>surface</ex>
of a diamond; the <ex>surface</ex> of the body.</as></def>
<q>The bright <qex>surface</qex> of this ethereous mold.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, outward or external appearance.</def>
<q>Vain and weak understandings, which penetrate no deeper than
the <qex>surface</qex>.</q>
<qau>V. Knox.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A magnitude that has length
and breadth without thickness; superficies; <as>as, a plane
<ex>surface</ex>; a spherical <ex>surface</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>That part of the side which
is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the
nearest bastion.</def>
<au>Stocqueler.</au>
<cs><mcol><col>Caustic surface</col>, <col>Heating
surface</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Caustic</er>,
<er>Heating</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Surface
condensation</col>, <col>Surface condenser</col></mcol>. <cd>See
under <er>Condensation</er>, and <er>Condenser</er>.</cd> --
<col>Surface gauge</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>an instrument
consisting of a standard having a flat base and carrying an
adjustable pointer, for gauging the evenness of a surface or its
height, or for marking a line parallel with a surface.</cd> --
<col>Surface grub</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of
the great yellow underwing moth (<spn>Triph\'d2na pronuba</spn>).
It is often destructive to the roots of grasses and other
plants.</cd> -- <col>Surface plate</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>,
<cd>a plate having an accurately dressed flat surface, used as a
standard of flatness by which to test other surfaces.</cd> --
<col>Surface printing</col>, <cd>printing from a surface in
relief, as from type, in distinction from <xex>plate
printing<xex>, in which the ink is contained in engraved
lines.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sur"face</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Surfaced</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Surfacing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give a surface to;
especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make
smooth or plain.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To work over the surface or soil of, as ground,
in hunting for gold.</def>
<-- Surface, v.i. 1. To rise from the depths of a liquid to the
surface; as, the submarine surfaced to recharge its batteries.
2. (a) To become known or public; -- said of information. (b) To
show up, as a person who was in hiding. -->
<hw>Sur"fa*cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A form of
machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone,
etc.</def>
<hw>Surf"boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A boat intended for use in heavy surf. It
is built with a pronounced sheer, and with a view to resist the
shock of waves and of contact with the beach.</def>
<hw>Sur"feit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>surfet</ets>, OF. <ets>surfait</ets>, <ets>sorfait</ets>,
excess, arrogance, crime, fr. <ets>surfaire</ets>,
<ets>sorfaire</ets>, to augment, exaggerate, F.
<ets>surfaire</ets> to overcharge; <ets>sur</ets> over +
<ets>faire</ets> to make, do, L. <ets>facere</ets>. See
<er>Sur-</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Excess
in eating and drinking.</def>
<q>Let not Sir <qex>Surfeit</qex> sit at thy board.</q>
<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>
<q>Now comes the sick hour that his <qex>surfeit</qex> made.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fullness and oppression of the system,
occasioned often by excessive eating and drinking.</def>
<q>To prevent <qex>surfeit</qex> and other diseases that are
incident to those that heat their blood by travels.</q>
<qau>Bunyan.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Disgust caused by excess; satiety.</def>
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<q>Matter and argument have been supplied abundantly, and even to
<qex>surfeit</qex>.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<hw>Sur"feit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To load the
stomach with food, so that sickness or uneasiness ensues; to eat
to excess.</def>
<q>They are as sick that <qex>surfeit</qex> with too much as they
that starve with nothing.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To indulge to satiety in any
gratification.</def>
<hw>Sur"feit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Surfeited</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Surfeiting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feed so as
to oppress the stomach and derange the function of the system; to
overfeed, and produce satiety, sickness, or uneasiness; -- often
reflexive; <as>as, to <ex>surfeit</ex> one's self with
sweets</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill to satiety and disgust; to cloy; <as>as,
he <ex>surfeits</ex> us with compliments</as>.</def>
<au>V. Knox.</au>
<hw>Sur"feit*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
surfeits.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sur"feit-wa`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Water
for the cure of surfeits.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Locke.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sur"fel</hw>, <hw>Sur"fle</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Sulphur</er>.]</ety> <def>To wash,
as the face, with a cosmetic water, said by some to be prepared
from the sulphur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>She shall no oftener powder her hair, [or] <qex>surfel</qex>
her cheeks, . . . but she shall as often gaze on my picture.</q>
<qau>Ford.</qau>
<hw>Surf"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The surf duck.</def> <mark>[U.
S.]</mark>
<hw>Surf"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Surmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who serves in a
surfboat in the life-saving service.</def>
<hw>Sur"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tired or sore
of foot from travel; lamed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Nares.</au>
<hw>Surf"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of,
abounding in, or resembling, surf; <as>as, a <ex>surfy</ex>
shore</as>.</def>
<q>Scarce had they cleared the <qex>surfy</qex> waves
That foam around those frightful caves.</q>
<qau>Moore.</qau>
<hw>Surge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>surgere</ets>, <ets>surrectum</ets>, to raise, to rise;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>regere</ets> to direct: cf. OF.
<ets>surgeon</ets>, <ets>sourgeon</ets>, fountain. See
<er>Regent</er>, and cf. <er>Insurrection</er>, <er>Sortie</er>,
<er>Source</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A spring; a
fountain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdDivers <xex>surges</xex>
and springs of water.\'b8
<au>Ld. Berners.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large wave or billow; a great, rolling swell
of water, produced generally by a high wind.</def>
<q>He that doubteth is like the <qex>surge</qex> of the sea
driven by the wind and tossed.</q>
<qau>James i. 6 (Rev. Ver.)</qau>
<q>He flies aloft, and, with impetuous roar,
Pursues the foaming <qex>surges</qex> to the shore.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The motion of, or produced by, a great
wave.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a
capstan, upon which the cable surges, or slips.</def>
<hw>Surge</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To swell; to
rise hifg and roll.</def>
<q>The <qex>surging</qex> waters like a mountain rise.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To slip along a
windlass.</def>
<hw>Surge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Surged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Surging</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>surgir</ets> to cast anchor, to land. Cf. <er>Surge</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To let go or slacken
suddenly, as a rope; <as>as, to <ex>surge</ex> a hawser or
messenger</as>; also, to slacken the rope about (a
capstan).</def>
<hw>Surge"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in
surges; surgy.</def> \'bdTossing the <xex>surgeful</xex>
tides.\'b8
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Surge"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from surges; smooth;
calm.</def>
<hw>Sur"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>surgens</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Rising; swelling, as a
flood.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Robert Greene.</au>
<hw>Sur"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>surgien</ets>, OF. <ets>surgien</ets>, contr. fr.
<ets>chirurgien</ets>. See <er>Chirurgeon</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>One whose profession or occupation is to cure
diseases or injuries of the body by manual operation; one whose
occupation is to cure local injuries or disorders (such as
wounds, dislocations, tumors, etc.), whether by manual operation,
or by medication and constitutional treatment.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of ch\'91todont fishes of the family
<spn>Teuthid\'91</spn>, or <spn>Acanthurid\'91</spn>, which have
one or two sharp lancelike spines on each side of the base of the
tail. Called also <altname>surgeon fish</altname>,
<altname>doctor fish</altname>, <altname>lancet fish</altname>,
and <altname>sea surgeon</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>Surgeon apothecary</col>, <cd>one who unites the
practice of surgery with that of the apothecary.</cd>
<au>Dunglison</au>. -- <col>Surgeon dentist</col>, <cd>a dental
surgeon; a dentist.</cd> -- <col>Surgeon fish</col>. <cd>See def.
2, above.</cd> -- <col>Surgeon general</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In
the United States army, the chief of the medical department.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In the British army, a surgeon ranking next
below the chief of the medical department.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1452 -->
<hw>Sur"geon*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office
or employment of a surgeon, as in the naval or military
service.</def>
<hw>Sur"geon*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Surgery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sur"ge*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>surgenrie</ets>, <ets>surgerie</ets>; cf. OF.
<ets>cirurgie</ets>, F. <ets>chirurgie</ets>, L.
<ets>chirurgia</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Surgeon</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The art of healing by manual operation; that
branch of medical science which treats of manual operations for
the healing of diseases or injuries of the body; that branch of
medical science which has for its object the cure of local
injuries or diseases, as wounds or fractures, tumors, etc.,
whether by manual operation or by medicines and constitutional
treatment.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A surgeon's operating room or laboratory.</def>
<hw>Sur"gi*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to surgeons or surgery; done by means of surgery; used
in surgery; <as>as, a <ex>surgical</ex> operation;
<ex>surgical</ex> instruments</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Surgical fever</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<cd>Py\'91mia.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Traumatic fever, or the
fever accompanying inflammation.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sur"gi*cal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By means of
surgery.</def>
<hw>Sur"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rising in surges
or billows; full of surges; resembling surges in motion or
appearance; swelling.</def> \'bdOver the <xex>surgy</xex>
main.\'b8
<au>Pope.</au>
<hw>Su"ri*cat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>surikate</ets>, from the native name in South Africa.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Zenick</er>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>suricate</asp>,
<asp>surikate</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Su`ri*nam" toad"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A species of toad native of Surinam. See
<er>Pipa</er>.</def>
<hw>Sur`in*tend"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See
<er>Superintendent</er>.]</ety> <def>Superintendent.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sur"li*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a surly
manner.</def>
<hw>Sur"li*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being surly.</def>
<hw>Sur"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Surly</er>.]</ety> <def>A sour, morose fellow.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Camden.</au>
<hw>Sur"loin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>surlonge</ets>; <ets>sur</ets> upon + <ets>longe</ets> loin.
See <er>Sur-</er>, and <er>Loin</er>.]</ety> <def>A loin of beef,
or the upper part of the loin. See <er>Sirloin</er>, the more
usual, but not etymologically preferable, orthography.</def>
<hw>Sur"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Surlier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Surliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably
from <ets>sir</ets>, and originally meaning, <ets>sirlike</ets>,
i.e., proud. See <er>Sir</er>, and <er>Like</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Arrogant; haughty.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cotgrave.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gloomily morose; ill-natured, abrupt, and rude;
severe; sour; crabbed; rough; sullen; gloomy; <as>as, a
<ex>surly</ex> groom; a <ex>surly</ex> dog; <ex>surly</ex>
language; a <ex>surly</ex> look</as>.</def> \'bdThat
<xex>surly</xex> spirit, melancholy.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rough; dark; tempestuous.</def>
<q>Now softened into joy the <qex>surly</qex> storm.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<hw>Sur"mark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A mark made on the molds of a
ship, when building, to show where the angles of the timbers are
to be placed.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>sirmark</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sur*mis"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being surmised; <as>as, a <ex>surmisable</ex>
result</as>.</def>
<hw>Sur*mis"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Surmise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sur*mise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>surmise</ets> accusation, fr. <ets>surmettre</ets>, p.p.
<ets>surmis</ets>, to impose, accuse; <ets>sur</ets> (see
<er>Sur-</er>) + <ets>mettre</ets> to put, set, L.
<ets>mittere</ets> to send. See <er>Mission</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A thought, imagination, or conjecture, which is
based upon feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess; <as>as,
the <ex>surmisses</ex> of jealousy or of envy</as>.</def>
<q>[We] double honor gain
From his <qex>surmise</qex> proved false.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>No man ought to be charged with principles he actually
disowns, unless his practicies contradict his profession; not
upon small <qex>surmises</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reflection; thought.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Conjecture; supposition; suspicion; doubt.</syn>
<hw>Sur*mise"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Surmised</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Surmising</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To imagine without
certain knowledge; to infer on slight grounds; to suppose,
conjecture, or suspect; to guess.</def>
<q>It wafted nearer yet, and then she knew
That what before she but <qex>surmised</qex>, was true.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>This change was not wrought by altering the form or position
of the earth, as was <qex>surmised</qex> by a very learned man,
but by dissolving it.</q>
<qau>Woodward.</qau>
<hw>Sur*mis"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
surmises.</def>
<hw>Sur*mis"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Surmise</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<hw>Sur*mount"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Surmounted</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Surmounting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sourmounten</ets>, OF. <ets>surmonter</ets>,
<ets>sormonter</ets>, F. <ets>surmonter</ets>; <ets>sur</ets>
over + <ets>monter</ets> to mount. See <er>Sur-</er>, and
<er>Mount</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rise
above; to be higher than; to overtop.</def>
<q>The mountains of Olympus, Athos, and Atlas, overreach and
<qex>surmount</qex> all winds and clouds.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To conquer; to overcome; <as>as, to
<ex>surmount</ex> difficulties or obstacles</as>.</def>
<au>Macaulay.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To surpass; to exceed.</def>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<q>What <qex>surmounts</qex> the reach
Of human sense I shall delineate.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To conquer; overcome; vanquish; subdue; surpass;
exceed.</syn>
<hw>Sur*mount"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>surmontable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being surmounted
or overcome; superable.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sur*mount"a*ble*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sur*mount"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having its vertical height greater than
the half span; -- said of an arch.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Partly covered by another
charge; -- said of an ordinary or other bearing.</def>
<hw>Sur*mount"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,
or that which, surmounts.</def>
<hw>Sur*mul"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>surmulet</ets>; <ets>saur</ets>, <ets>saure</ets>, brownish
yellow, red + <ets>mulet</ets> a mullet. See <er>Sorrel</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>, and <er>Mullet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of various species of mullets of the family
<spn>Millid\'91</spn>, esp. the European species (<spn>Millus
surmulletus</spn>), which is highly prized as a food fish. See
<er>Mullet</er>.</def>
<hw>Sur"mu*lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The brown, or Norway, rat.</def>
<hw>Sur"name`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sur + name</ets>; really a substitution for OE.
<ets>sournoun</ets>, from F. <ets>surnom</ets>. See
<er>Sur-</er>, and <er>Noun</er>, <er>Name</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A name or appellation which is added to, or over
and above, the baptismal or Christian name, and becomes a family
name.</def>
<note><hand/ Surnames originally designated occupation, estate,
place of residence, or some particular thing or event that
related to the person; thus, Edmund <xex>Ironsides</xex>; Robert
<xex>Smith</xex>, or the <xex>smith</xex>; William
<xex>Turner</xex>. Surnames are often also patronymics; as, John
<xex>Johnson</xex>.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An appellation added to the original name; an
agnomen.</def> \'bdMy <xex>surname</xex>, Coriolanus.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<note><hand/ This word has been sometimes written
<xex>sirname</xex>, as if it signified <xex>sire</xex>-name, or
the name derived from one's father.</note>
<hw>Sur*name"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Surnamed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Surnaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>surnommer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To name or call by an
appellation added to the original name; to give a surname
to.</def>
<q>Another shall subscribe with his hand unto the Lord, and
<qex>surname</qex> himself by the name of Israel.</q>
<qau>Isa. xliv. 5.</qau>
<q>And Simon he <qex>surnamed</qex> Peter.</q>
<qau>Mark iii. 16.</qau>
<hw>Sur*nom"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a surname or surnames.</def>
<hw>Sur*ox"i*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To combine with oxygen so as to form a
suroxide or peroxide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sur*ox"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>suroxyde</ets>. See <er>Sur-</er>, and
<er>Oxide</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A peroxide.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sur*pass"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Surpassed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Surpassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>surpasser</ets>;
<ets>sur</ets> over + <ets>passer</ets> to pass. See
<er>Sur-</er>, and <er>Pass</er>.]</ety> <def>To go beyond in
anything good or bad; to exceed; to excel.</def>
<q>This would <qex>surpass</qex>
Common revenge and interrupt his joy.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- To exceed; excel; outdo; outstrip.</syn>
<hw>Sur*pass"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may
be surpassed.</def>
<hw>Sur*pass"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Eminently excellent;
exceeding others.</def> \'bdWith <xex>surpassing</xex> glory
crowned.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Sur*pass"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sur*pass"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sur"phul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
surfel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Marston.</au>
<hw>Sur"plice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>surplis</ets>, OF. <ets>surpeiz</ets>, LL.
<ets>superpellicium</ets>; <ets>super</ets> over +
<ets>pellicium</ets>, <ets>pelliceum</ets>, a robe of fur, L.
<ets>pellicius</ets> made of skins. See <er>Pelisse</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A white garment worn over another dress
by the clergy of the Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and certain other
churches, in some of their ministrations.</def>
<cs><col>Surplice fees</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>fees paid to
the English clergy for occasional duties.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sur"pliced</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing a
surplice.</def>
<hw>Sur"plus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>sur</ets> over + <ets>plus</ets> more. See <er>Sur-</er>,
and <er>Plus</er>, and cf. <er>Superplus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a
limit is reached; excess; overplus.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, an amount in the public treasury
at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of
the government.</def><-- = budgetary surplus -->
<hw>Sur"plus</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being or constituting a
surplus; more than sufficient; <as>as, <ex>surplus</ex> revenues;
<ex>surplus</ex> population; <ex>surplus</ex> words.</as></def>
<q>When the price of corn falleth, men give over
<qex>surplus</qex> tillage, and break no more ground.</q>
<qau>Carew.</qau>
<hw>Sur"plus*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Surplus</er>, and cf. <er>Superplusage</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Surplus; excess; overplus; <as>as,
<ex>surplusage</ex> of grain or goods beyond what is
wanted</as>.</def>
<q>Take what thou please of all this <qex>surplusage</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>A <qex>surplusage</qex> given to one part is paid out of a
reduction from another part of the same creature.</q>
<qau>Emerson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Matter in pleading which is not
necessary or relevant to the case, and which may be
rejected.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Accounts)</fld> <def>A greater disbursement
than the charge of the accountant amounts to.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Rees.</au>
<hw>Sur*pris"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Surprise</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The act of
surprising, or state of being surprised; surprise.</def>
<q>How to secure the lady from <qex>surprisal</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<q>Because death is uncertain, let us prevent its
<qex>surprisal</qex>.</q>
<qau>Barrow.</qau>
<hw>Sur*prise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>surprise</ets>, fr. <ets>surprendre</ets>,
<ets>surpris</ets>; <ets>sur</ets> over + <ets>prendre</ets> to
take, L. <ets>prehendere</ets>. See <er>Sur-</er>, and
<er>Prehensile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of coming
upon, or taking, unawares; the act of seizing unexpectedly;
surprisal; <as>as, the fort was taken by
<ex>surprise</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being surprised, or taken unawares,
by some act or event which could not reasonably be foreseen;
emotion excited by what is sudden and strange; a suddenly excited
feeling of wonder or astonishment.</def>
<q>Pure <qex>surprise</qex> and fear
Made me to quit the house.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything that causes such a state or
emotion.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A dish covered with a crust of raised paste, but
with no other contents.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>King.</au>
<cs><col>Surprise party</col>, <cd>a party of persons who
assemble by mutual agreement, and without invitation, at the
house of a common friend.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<au>Bartlett.</au></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Wonder; astonishment; amazement.</syn>
<hw>Sur*prise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Surprised</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Surprising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Surprise</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>: cf. F. <ets>surprendre</ets>, p.p.
<ets>surpris</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come or fall
suddenly and unexpectedly; to take unawares; to seize or capture
by unexpected attack.</def>
<q>Fearfulness hath <qex>surprised</qex> the hypocrites.</q>
<qau>Isa. xxxiii. 14.</qau>
<q>The castle of Macduff I will <qex>surprise</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Who can speak
The mingled passions that <qex>surprised</qex> his heart?</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike with wonder, astonishment, or
confusion, by something sudden, unexpected, or remarkable; to
confound; <as>as, his conduct <ex>surprised</ex> me</as>.</def>
<q>I am <qex>surprised</qex> with an uncouth fear.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Up he starts,
Discovered and <qex>surprised</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To lead (one) to do suddenly and without
forethought; to bring (one) into some unexpected state; -- with
<xex>into</xex>; <as>as, to be <ex>surprised</ex> into an
indiscretion; to be <ex>surprised</ex> into
generosity</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To hold possession of; to hold.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Not with me,
That in my hands <qex>surprise</qex> the sovereignity.</q>
<qau>J. Webster.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Astonish</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sur*prise"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Surprisal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Daniel.</au>
<hw>Sur*pris"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
surprises.</def>
<hw>Sur*pris"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Exciting surprise;
extraordinary; of a nature to excite wonder and astonishment;
<as>as, <ex>surprising</ex> bravery; a <ex>surprising</ex> escape
from danger.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sur*pris"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Sur*pris"ing*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<syn>Syn. -- Wonderful; extraordinary; unexpected; astonishing;
striking.</syn>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sur"que*dous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sur"que*drous</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having or exhibiting
surquedry; arrogant; insolent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Gower. James II. of Scot.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sur"que*dry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sur"qui*dry</hw>
}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>surcuidier</ets> to
presume; <ets>sur</ets> over + <ets>cuidier</ets> to think, L.
<ets>cogitare</ets>. See <er>Sur-</er>, and
<er>Cogitate</er>.]</ety> <def>Overweening pride; arrogance;
presumption; insolence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Then pay you the price of your <qex>surquedry</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Sur`re*bound"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
give back echoes; to re\'89cho.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Sur`re*but"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sur + rebut</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To reply, as
a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.</def>
<hw>Sur`re*but"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The reply of a plaintiff to a defendant's
rebutter.</def>
<hw>Sur"rein`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sur + rein</ets>.]</ety> <def>To override; to exhaust by
riding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sur`re*join"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sur + rejoin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To reply,
as a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.</def>
<hw>Sur`re*join"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The answer of a plaintiff to a defendant's
rejoinder.</def>
<hw>Sur*ren"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Surrendered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Surrendering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>surrendre</ets> to deliver; <ets>sur</ets> over +
<ets>rendre</ets> to render. See <er>Sur-</er>, and
<er>Render</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To yield to the power of
another; to give or deliver up possession of (anything) upon
compulsion or demand; <as>as, to <ex>surrender</ex> one's person
to an enemy or to an officer; to <ex>surrender</ex> a fort or a
ship</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give up possession of; to yield; to resign;
<as>as, to <ex>surrender</ex> a right, privilege, or
advantage</as>.</def>
<q>To <qex>surrender</qex> up that right which otherwise their
founders might have in them.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To yield to any influence, emotion, passion, or
power; -- used reflexively; <as>as, to <ex>surrender</ex> one's
self to grief, to despair, to indolence, or to sleep</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To yield; to render or deliver
up; to give up; <as>as, a principal <ex>surrendered</ex> by his
bail, a fugitive from justice by a foreign state, or a particular
estate by the tenant thereof to him in remainder or
reversion</as>.</def>
<hw>Sur*ren"der</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To give up one's self
into the power of another; to yield; <as>as, the enemy, seeing no
way of escape, <ex>surrendered</ex> at the first
summons</as>.</def>
<hw>Sur*ren"der</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
surrendering; the act of yielding, or resigning one's person, or
the possession of something, into the power of another; <as>as,
the <ex>surrender</ex> of a castle to an enemy; the
<ex>surrender</ex> of a right</as>.</def>
<q>That he may secure some liberty he makes a
<qex>surrender</qex> in trust of the whole of it.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The yielding of a particular
estate to him who has an immediate estate in remainder or
reversion. <sd>(b)</sd> The giving up of a principal into lawful
custody by his bail. <sd>(c)</sd> The delivry up oh fugitives
from justice by one government to another, as by a foreign state.
See <er>Extradition</er>.</def>
<au>Wharton.</au>
<hw>Sur*ren`der*ee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom a surrender is
made.</def>
<au>Mozley & W.</au>
<hw>Sur*ren"der*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
surrenders.</def>
<hw>Sur*ren`der*or"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes a surrender, as of an
estate.</def>
<au>Bouvier.</au>
<hw>Sur*ren"dry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Surrender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sur*rep"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>surreptio</ets>, or <ets>subreptio</ets>. Cf.
<er>Subreption</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process
of getting in a surreptitious manner, or by craft or
stealth.</def>
<q>Fame by <qex>surreption</qex> got
May stead us for the time, but lasteth not.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A coming unperceived or suddenly.</def>
<hw>Sur`rep*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>surreptitius</ets>, or <ets>subreptitius</ets>, fr.
<ets>surripere</ets>, <ets>subripere</ets>, to snatch away, to
withdraw privily; <ets>sub-</ets> under + <ets>rapere</ets> to
snatch. See <er>Sub-</er>, and <er>Ravish</er>.]</ety> <def>Done
or made by stealth, or without proper authority; made or
introduced fraudulently; clandestine; stealthy; <as>as, a
<ex>surreptitious</ex> passage in an old manuscript; a
<ex>surreptitious</ex> removal of goods</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sur`rep*ti"tious*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sur"rey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A four-wheeled
pleasure carriage, (commonly two-seated) somewhat like a phaeton,
but having a straight bottom.</def>
<hw>Sur"ro*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>surrogatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>surrogare</ets>,
<ets>subrogare</ets>, to put in another's place, to substitute;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>rogare</ets> to ask, ask for a vote,
propose a law. See <er>Rogation</er>, and cf.
<er>Subrogate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A deputy; a delegate;
a substitute.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The deputy of an ecclesiastical judge, most
commonly of a bishop or his chancellor, especially a deputy who
grants marriage licenses.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>In some States of the United States, an officer
who presides over the probate of wills and testaments and yield
the settlement of estates.</def>
<-- p. 1453 -->
<hw>Sur"ro*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put
in the place of another; to substitute.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Sur"ro*gate*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a
surrogate.</def>
<hw>Sur`ro*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Surrogate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Subrogation</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of substituting one
person in the place of another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Killingbeck.</au>
<hw>Sur*round"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Surrounded</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Surrounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.
<ets>suronder</ets> to overflow, LL. <ets>superundare</ets>; fr.
L. <ets>super</ets> over + <ets>undare</ets> to rise in waves,
overflow, fr. <ets>unda</ets> wave. The English sense is due to
the influence of E. <ets>round</ets>. See <er>Super-</er>, and
<er>Undulate</er>, and cf. <er>Abound</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To inclose on all sides; to encompass; to environ.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lie or be on all sides of; to encircle;
<as>as, a wall <ex>surrounds</ex> the city</as>.</def>
<q>But could instead, and ever-during dark
<qex>Surrounds</qex> me.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass around; to travel about; to
circumnavigate; <as>as, to <ex>surround</ex> the
world</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To inclose, as a body of
troops, between hostile forces, so as to cut off means of
communication or retreat; to invest, as a city.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To encompass; encircle; environ; invest; hem in;
fence about.</syn>
<hw>Sur*round"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A method of hunting some
animals, as the buffalo, by surrounding a herd, and driving them
over a precipice, into a ravine, etc.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<au>Baird.</au>
<hw>Sur*round"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclosing;
encircling.</def>
<hw>Sur*round"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
encompassing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The things which surround or
environ; external or attending circumstances or conditions.</def>
<hw>Sur*roy"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sur-</ets> + <ets>royal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>One of the terminal branches or divisions of the beam of the
antler of the stag or other large deer.</def>
<hw>Sur"sa*nure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[(Assumed)
OF. <ets>sursane\'81re</ets>. See <er>Sur-</er>, and
<er>Sane</er>.]</ety> <def>A wound healed or healing outwardly
only.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Of a <qex>sursanure</qex>
In surgery is perilous the cure.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sur"se*ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF., fr.
OF. & F. <ets>surseoir</ets>. See <er>Surcease</er>.]</ety>
<def>Peace; quiet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sur*sol"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sursolide</ets>. See <er>Sur-</er>, and
<er>Solid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The fifth power of
a number; <as>as, <ex>a<?/</ex> is the <ex>sursolid</ex> of
<ex>a</ex>, or 32 that of 2</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Hutton.</au>
<hw>Sur*style"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
surname.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sur"tax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An additional
or extra tax.</def>
<hw>Sur*tax"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To impose
an additional tax on.</def>
<hw>Sur*tout"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>sur</ets> over + <ets>tout</ets> all.]</ety> <def>A man's
coat to be worn over his other garments; an overcoat, especially
when long, and fitting closely like a body coat.</def>
<au>Gay.</au>
<hw>Sur"tur*brand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.
<ets>surtarbrandr</ets>; <ets>svartr</ets> black +
<ets>brandr</ets> a firebrand.]</ety> <def>A fibrous brown coal
or bituminous wood.</def>
<hw>Su`ru*cu"cu</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Bush master</cref>, under
<er>Bush</er>.</def>
<hw>Sur*veil"lance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>surveiller</ets> to watch over; <ets>sur</ets> over +
<ets>veiller</ets> to watch, L. <ets>vigilare</ets>. See
<er>Sur-</er>, and <er>Vigil</er>.]</ety> <def>Oversight; watch;
inspection; supervision.</def>
<q>That sort of <qex>surveillance</qex> of which . . . the young
have accused the old.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<hw>Sur*veil"lant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Surveillants</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F., fr.
<ets>surveiller</ets> to watch over. See
<er>Surveillance</er>.]</ety> <def>One who watches over another;
an overseer; a spy; a supervisor.</def>
<hw>Sur*veil"lant</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Overseeing;
watchful.</def>
<hw>Sur*vene"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Survened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Survening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>survenir</ets>.
See <er>Supervene</er>.]</ety> <def>To supervene upon; to come as
an addition to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A suppuration that <qex>survenes</qex> lethargies.</q>
<qau>Harvey.</qau>
<hw>Sur"ve*nue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. See
<er>Survene</er>.]</ety> <def>A sudden or unexpected coming or
stepping on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sur*vey"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Surveyed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Surveying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>surveoir</ets>,
<ets>surveer</ets>; <ets>sur</ets>, <ets>sor</ets>, over, E.
<ets>sur + veoir</ets>, <ets>veeir</ets>, to see, F.
<ets>voir</ets>, L. <ets>videre</ets>. See <er>Sur-</er>, and
<er>Vision</er>, and cf. <er>Supervise</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To inspect, or take a view of; to view with attention, as
from a high place; to overlook; <as>as, to stand on a hill, and
<ex>survey</ex> the surrounding country</as>.</def>
<q>Round he <qex>surveys</qex> and well might, where he stood,
So high above.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To view with a scrutinizing eye; to
examine.</def>
<q>With such altered looks, . . .
All pale and speechless, he <qex>surveyed</qex> me round.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To examine with reference to condition,
situation, value, etc.; to examine and ascertain the state of;
<as>as, to <ex>survey</ex> a building in order to determine its
value and exposure to loss by fire</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To determine the form, extent, position, etc.,
of, as a tract of land, a coast, harbor, or the like, by means of
linear and angular measurments, and the application of the
principles of geometry and trigonometry; <as>as, to
<ex>survey</ex> land or a coast</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To examine and ascertain, as the boundaries and
royalties of a manor, the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and
value of the same.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<au>Jacob (Law Dict.).</au>
<hw>Sur"vey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formerly
accentuated universally on the last syllable, and still so
accented by many speakers.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
surveying; a general view, as from above.</def>
<q>Under his proud <qex>survey</qex> the city lies.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Denham.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A particular view; an examination, especially an
official examination, of all the parts or particulars of a thing,
with a design to ascertain the condition, quantity, or quality;
<as>as, a <ex>survey</ex> of the stores of a ship; a
<ex>survey</ex> of roads and bridges; a <ex>survey</ex> of
buildings</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The operation of finding the contour,
dimensions, position, or other particulars of, as any part of the
earth's surface, whether land or water; also, a measured plan and
description of any portion of country, or of a road or line
through it.</def>
<cs><col>Survey of dogs</col>. <cd>See <cref>Court of
regard</cref>, under <er>Regard</er>.</cd> --
<col>Trigonometrical survey</col>, <cd>a survey of a portion of
country by measuring a single base, and connecting it with
various points in the tract surveyed by a series of triangles,
the angles of which are carefully measured, the relative
positions and distances of all parts being computed from these
data.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Review; retrospect; examination; prospect.</syn>
<hw>Sur*vey"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Survey.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Barrow.</au>
<hw>Sur*vey"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Survey;
inspection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sur*vey"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That branch of applied
mathematics which teaches the art of determining the area of any
portion of the earth's surface, the length and directions of the
bounding lines, the contour of the surface, etc., with an
accurate delineation of the whole on paper; the act or occupation
of making surveys.</def>
<cs><col>Geodetic surveying</col>, <cd>geodesy.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Maritime</col>, <or/ <col>Nautical</col>,
<col>surveying</col></mcol>, <cd>that branch of surveying which
determines the forms of coasts and harbors, the entrances of
rivers, with the position of islands, rocks, and shoals, the
depth of water, etc.</cd> -- <col>Plane surveying</col>. <cd>See
under <er>Plane</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>Topographical
surveying</col>, <cd>that branch of surveying which involves the
process of ascertaining and representing upon a plane surface the
contour, physical features, etc., of any portion of the surface
of the earth.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sur*vey"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One placed to superintend others; an overseer; an
inspector.</def>
<q>Were 't not madness then,
To make the fox <qex>surveyor</qex> of the fold?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who views and examines for the purpose of
ascertaining the condition, quantity, or quality of anything;
<as>as, a <ex>surveyor</ex> of highways, ordnance,
etc.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who surveys or measures land; one who
practices the art of surveying.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Customs)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An officer who
ascertains the contents of casks, and the quantity of liquors
subject to duty; a gauger.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In the United
States, an officer whose duties include the various measures to
be taken for ascertaining the quantity, condition, and value of
merchandise brought into a port.</def> <au>Abbot</au>.
<cs><col>Surveyor general</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A principal
surveyor; <as>as, the <ex>surveyor general<ex> of the king's
manors, or of woods and parks</as>.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An officer having charge of the survey of the
public lands of a land district.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<au>Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.)</au>.</cd> -- <col>Surveyor's
compass</col>. <cd>See <er>Circumferentor</er>.</cd> --
<col>Surveyor's level</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Level</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sur*vey"or*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a
surveyor.</def>
<hw>Sur*view"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sur-</ets> + <ets>view</ets>. Cf. <er>Survey</er>.]</ety>
<def>To survey; to make a survey of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
\'bdTo <xex>surview</xex> his ground.\'b8
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Sur*view"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A survey.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Sanderson.</au>
<hw>Sur*vise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Supervise</er>, and <er>Survey</er>.]</ety> <def>To look
over; to supervise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Sur*viv"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Survive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A living or continuing
longer than, or beyond the existence of, another person, thing,
or event; an outliving.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arh\'91ol. & Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Any habit,
usage, or belief, remaining from ancient times, the origin of
which is often unknown, or imperfectly known.</def>
<q>The close bearing of the doctrine of <qex>survival</qex> on
the study of manners and customs.</q>
<qau>Tylor.</qau>
<cs><col>Survival of the fittest</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld>
<cd>See <cref>Natural selection</cref>, under
<er>Natural</er>.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sur*viv"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sur*viv"an*cy</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>survivance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Survivorship.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>His son had the <qex>survivance</qex> of the
stadtholdership.</q>
<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>
<hw>Sur*vive"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Survived</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Surviving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>survivre</ets>, L.
<ets>supervivere</ets>; <ets>super</ets> over + <ets>vivere</ets>
to live. See <er>Super-</er>, and <er>Victuals</er>.]</ety>
<def>To live beyond the life or existence of; to live longer
than; to outlive; to outlast; <as>as, to <ex>survive</ex> a
person or an event</as>.</def>
<au>Cowper.</au>
<q>I'll assure her of
Her widowhood, be it that she <qex>survive</qex> me,
In all my lands and leases whatsoever.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sur*vive"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To remain alive; to
continue to live.</def>
<q>Thy pleasure,
Which, when no other enemy <qex>survives</qex>,
Still conquers all the conquerors.</q>
<qau>Sir J. Denham.</qau>
<q>Alike are life and death,
When life in death <qex>survives</qex>.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>Sur*viv"en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Survivorship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sur*viv"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
survives; a survivor.</def>
<hw>Sur*viv"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Remaining alive; yet
living or existing; <as>as, <ex>surviving</ex> friends;
<ex>surviving</ex> customs</as>.</def>
<hw>Sur*viv"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who survives or outlives another person, or any time,
event, or thing.</def>
<q>The <qex>survivor</qex> bound
In filial obligation for some term
To do obsequious sorrow.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The longer liver of two joint
tenants, or two persons having a joint interest in
anything.</def>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<hw>Sur*viv"or*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
state of being a survivor.</def>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The right of a joint tenant, or
other person who has a joint interest in an estate, to take the
whole estate upon the death of other.</def>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<cs><col>Chance of survivorship</col>, <cd>the chance that a
person of a given age has of surviving another of a giving age;
thus, by the Carlisle tables of mortality the chances of
survivorship for two persons, aged 25 and 65, are 89 and 11
respectively, or about 8 to 1 that the elder die first.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sus*cep`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Susceptibilities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>susceptibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The state or quality of being susceptible; the capability of
receiving impressions, or of being affected.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, capacity for deep feeling or
emotional excitement; sensibility, in its broadest acceptation;
impressibility; sensitiveness.</def>
<cs><col>Magnetic susceptibility</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>,
<cd>the intensity of magnetization of a body placed in a uniform
megnetic field of unit strength.</cd> <au>Sir W.
Thomson.</au></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Capability; sensibility; feeling; emotion.</syn>
<hw>Sus*cep"ti*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.,
from L. <ets>suscipere</ets>, <ets>susceptum</ets>, to take up,
to support, undertake, recognize, admit; pref. <ets>sus</ets>
(see <er>Sub-</er>) + <ets>capere</ets> to take. See
<er>Capable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of admitting
anything additional, or any change, affection, or influence;
readily acted upon; <as>as, a body <ex>susceptible</ex> of color
or of alteration</as>.</def>
<q>It sheds on souls <qex>susceptible</qex> of light,
The glorious dawn of our eternal day.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of impression; having nice sensibility;
impressible; tender; sensitive; <as>as, children are more
<ex>susceptible</ex> than adults; a man of a <ex>susceptible</ex>
heart.</as></def><-- = impressionable -->
<q>Candidates are . . . not very <qex>susceptible</qex> of
affronts.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<q>I am constitutionally <qex>susceptible</qex> of noises.</q>
<qau>Lamb.</qau>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sus*cep"ti*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --
<wf>Sus*cep"ti*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sus*cep"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>susceptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>susception</ets>. See
<er>Susceptible</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of taking;
reception.</def>
<hw>Sus*cep"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Susceptible.</def> <au>I. Watts</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Sus*cep"tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sus`cep*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Capacity for receiving; susceptibility.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Wollaston.</au>
<hw>Sus*cep"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See
<er>Susceptible</er>.]</ety> <def>One who undertakes anything;
specifically, a godfather; a sponsor; a guardian.</def>
<au>Puller. Shipley.</au>
<hw>Sus*cip"i*en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Admission.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sus*cip"i*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suscipiens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>suscipere</ets>. See
<er>Susceptible</er>.]</ety> <def>Receiving; admitting.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Sus*cip"i*ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who takes or
admits; one who receives.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Sus`ci*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Capability of being suscitated; excitability.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Sus"ci*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suscitated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suscitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.
<ets>suscitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>suscitare</ets> to lift up,
to rouse; pref. <ets>sus-</ets> (see <er>Sub-</er>) +
<ets>citare</ets> to rouse, excite. Cf. <er>Excite</er>,
<er>Incite</er>.]</ety> <def>To rouse; to excite; to call into
life and action.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sus`ci*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suscitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>suscitation</ets>.]</ety>
<def>The act of raising or exciting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>A mere <qex>suscitation</qex> or production of a thing.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<hw>Sus"lik</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.
<ets>s\'a3slik'</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A ground
squirrel (<spn>Spermophilus citillus</spn>) of Europe and Asia.
It has large cheek pouches.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>souslik</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sus*pect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suspectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>suspicere</ets> to look up,
admire, esteem, to look at secretly or askance, to mistrust;
<ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>specere</ets> to look: cf. F.
<ets>suspect</ets> suspected, suspicious. See <er>Spy</er>, and
cf. <er>Suspicion</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Suspicious;
inspiring distrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Suspect</qex> [was] his face, <qex>suspect</qex> his word
also.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Suspected; distrusted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>What I can do or offer is <qex>suspect</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sus*pect"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>suspectus</ets>.
See <er>Suspect</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Suspicion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>So with <qex>suspect</qex>, with fear and grief, dismayed.</q>
<qau>Fairfax.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, is suspected; an object
of suspicion; -- formerly applied to persons and things; now,
only to persons suspected of crime.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sus*pect"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Suspected</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Suspecting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To imagine to
exist; to have a slight or vague opinion of the existence of,
without proof, and often upon weak evidence or no evidence; to
mistrust; to surmise; -- commonly used regarding something
unfavorable, hurtful, or wrong; <as>as, to <ex>suspect</ex> the
presence of disease</as>.</def>
<q>Nothing makes a man <qex>suspect</qex> much, more than to know
little; and therefore men should remedy suspicion by producing to
know more.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>From her hand I could <qex>suspect</qex> no ill.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To imagine to be guilty, upon slight evidence,
or without proof; <as>as, to <ex>suspect</ex> one of
equivocation</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hold to be uncertain; to doubt; to mistrust;
to distruct; <as>as, to <ex>suspect</ex> the truth of a
story</as>.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To look up to; to respect.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<syn>Syn. -- To mistrust; distrust; surmise; doubt.</syn>
<hw>Sus*pect"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To imagine guilt; to
have a suspicion or suspicions; to be suspicious.</def>
<q>If I <qex>suspect</qex> without cause, why then make sport at
time.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sus*pect"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may
be suspected.</def>
<hw>Sus*pect"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Distrusted;
doubted.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sus*pect"ed*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Sus*pect"ed*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sus*pect"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
suspects.</def>
<hw>Sus*pect"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Apt to
suspect or mistrust; full of suspicion; suspicious; <as>as, to be
<ex>suspectful</ex> of the motives of others</as>.</def>
<au>Milton</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Sus*pect"ful*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sus*pec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Suspicion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sus*pec"tious*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Suspiciousness; cause for suspicion.</def> <mark>[Obs. &
R.]</mark>
<au>Ld. Berners.</au>
<hw>Sus*pect"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Not suspecting; having no suspicion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not suspected; not mistrusted.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>
<hw>Sus*pend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Suspended</er>; <pos>p.
pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Suspending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.
<ets>suspendre</ets>, or OF. <ets>souspendre</ets> (where the
prefix is L. <ets>subtus</ets> below, from <ets>sub</ets> under),
L. <ets>suspendere</ets>, <ets>suspensum</ets>; pref.
<ets>sus-</ets> (see <er>Sub-</er>) + <ets>pendere</ets> to hang.
See <er>Pedant</er>, and cf. <er>Suspense</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To attach to something
above; to hang; <as>as, to <ex>suspend</ex> a ball by a thread;
to <ex>suspend</ex> a needle by a loadstone</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make to depend; <as>as, God hath
<ex>suspended</ex> the promise of eternal life on the condition
of obedience and holiness of life</as>.</def>
<mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<au>Tillotson.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to cease for a time; to hinder from
proceeding; to interrupt; to delay; to stay.</def>
<q><qex>Suspend</qex> your indignation against my brother.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>The guard nor fights nor fies; their fate so near
At once <qex>suspends</qex> their courage and their fear.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To hold in an undetermined or undecided state;
<as>as, to <ex>suspend</ex> one's judgment or opinion</as>.</def>
<au>Locke.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To debar, or cause to withdraw temporarily, from
any privilege, from the execution of an office, from the
enjoyment of income, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>suspend</ex> a student
from college; to <ex>suspend</ex> a member of a club.</as></def>
<q>Good men should not be <qex>suspended</qex> from the exercise
of their ministry and deprived of their livelihood for ceremonies
which are on all hands acknowledged indifferent.</q>
<qau>Bp. Sanderson.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To cause to cease for a time from operation or
effect; <as>as, to <ex>suspend</ex> the habeas corpus act; to
<ex>suspend</ex> the rules of a legislative body.</as></def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To support in a liquid, as an
insoluble powder, by stirring, to facilitate chemical
action.</def>
<cs><col>To suspend payment</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>to cease
paying debts or obligations; to fail; -- said of a merchant, a
bank, etc.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To hang; interrupt; delay; intermit; stay; hinder;
debar.</syn>
<-- p. 1454 -->
<hw>Sus*pend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To cease
from operation or activity; esp., to stop payment, or be unable
to meet obligations or engagements (said of a commercial firm or
a bank).</def>
<hw>Sus*pend"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, suspends; esp., one of a pair of straps or braces
worn over the shoulders, for holding up the trousers.</def>
<hw>Sus`pen*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
LL. <ets>suspensatio</ets> suspension from a charge or
benefice.]</ety> <def>The act of suspending, or the state of
being suspended, especially for a short time; temporary
suspension.</def>
<hw>Sus*pense"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>suspens</ets>, L. <ets>suspensus</ets>, p.p. of
<ets>suspendere</ets>. See <er>Suspend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Held or lifted up; held or prevented from proceeding.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>[The great light of day] <qex>suspense</qex> in heaven.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expressing, or proceeding from, suspense or
doubt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdExpectation held his look
<xex>suspense</xex>.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sus*pense"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From F.
<ets>suspens</ets>, a. See <er>Suspense</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being
suspended; specifically, a state of uncertainty and expectation,
with anxiety or apprehension; indetermination; indecision;
<as>as, the <ex>suspense</ex> of a person waiting for the verdict
of a jury</as>.</def>
<q>Ten days the prophet in <qex>suspense</qex> remained.</q>
<qau>Denham.</qau>
<q>Upon the ticklish balance of <qex>suspense</qex>.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cessation for a time; stop; pause.</def>
<q>A cool <qex>suspense</qex> from pleasure and from pain.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>suspense</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A temporary cessation of one's right;
suspension, as when the rent or other profits of land cease by
unity of possession of land and rent.</def>
<cs><col>Suspense account</col> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld>, <cd>an
account in which receipts or disbursements are temporarily
entered until their proper position in the books is
determined.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sus*pense"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In suspense.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hales.</au>
<hw>Sus*pen`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
quality or state of being suspensible.</def>
<hw>Sus*pen"si*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable
of being suspended; capable of being held from sinking.</def>
<hw>Sus*pen"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>suspension</ets>, L. <ets>suspensio</ets> arched work,
imperfect pronunciation. See <er>Suspend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended;
pendency; <as>as, <ex>suspension</ex> from a hook</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, temporary delay, interruption, or
cessation</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of labor, study, pain,
etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of decision, determination,
judgment, etc.; <as>as, to ask a <ex>suspension</ex> of judgment
or opinion in view of evidence to be produced</as>.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Of the payment of what is due; <as>as, the
<ex>suspension</ex> of a mercantile firm or of a bank</as>.</def>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Of punishment, or sentence of punishment.</def>
<sd>(e)</sd> <def>Of a person in respect of the exercise of his
office, powers, prerogative, etc.; <as>as, the
<ex>suspension</ex> of a student or of a clergyman</as>.</def>
<sd>(f)</sd> <def>Of the action or execution of law, etc.;
<as>as, the <ex>suspension</ex> of the habeas corpus
act</as>.</def>
<-- # each of the above lettered definitions is elliptical; needs
special handling for analysis. -->
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A conditional withholding, interruption, or
delay; <as>as, the <ex>suspension</ex> of a payment on the
performance of a condition</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The state of a solid when its particles are
mixed with, but undissolved in, a fluid, and are capable of
separation by straining; also, any substance in this state.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A keeping of the hearer in
doubt and in attentive expectation of what is to follow, or of
what is to be the inference or conclusion from the arguments or
observations employed.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A stay or postponement of
execution of a sentence condemnatory by means of letters of
suspension granted on application to the lord ordinary.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The prolongation of one or
more tones of a chord into the chord which follows, thus
producing a momentary discord, suspending the concord which the
ear expects. Cf. <er>Retardation</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Pleas in suspension</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>pleas
which temporarily abate or suspend a suit.</cd> -- <col>Points of
suspension</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the points, as in the
axis or beam of a balance, at which the weights act, or from
which they are suspended.</cd> -- <col>Suspension bridge</col>,
<cd>a bridge supported by chains, ropes, or wires, which usually
pass over high piers or columns at each end, and are secured in
the ground beyond.</cd> -- <col>Suspension of arms</col>
<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a short truce or cessation of operations
agreed on by the commanders of contending armies, as for burying
the dead, making proposal for surrender or for peace, etc.</cd>
-- <col>Suspension scale</col>, <cd>a scale in which the platform
hangs suspended from the weighing apparatus instead of resting
upon it.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Delay; interruption; intermission; stop.</syn>
<hw>Sus*pen"sive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>suspensif</ets>. See <er>Suspend</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending
to suspend, or to keep in suspense; causing interruption or
delay; uncertain; doubtful.</def> \'bdIn <xex>suspensive</xex>
thoughts.\'b8 <au>Beaumont</au>. \'bdA <xex>suspensive</xex>
veto.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>.
<q>The provisional and <qex>suspensive</qex> attitude.</q>
<qau>J. Morley.</qau>
<cs><col>Suspensive</col><cd> condition <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, a
condition precedent, or a condition without the performance of
which the contract can not be completed.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sus*pen"sor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>A suspensory.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cord which suspends the
embryo; and which is attached to the radicle in the young state;
the proembryo.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sus`pen*so"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Suspensoria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Anything which suspends
or holds up a part: especially, the mandibular suspensorium (a
series of bones, or of cartilages representing them) which
connects the base of the lower jaw with the skull in most
vertebrates below mammals.</def>
<hw>Sus*pen"so*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Suspended; hanging; depending.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fitted or serving to suspend; suspending;
<as>as, a <ex>suspensory</ex> muscle</as>.</def>
<au>Ray.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a
suspensorium.</def>
<hw>Sus*pen"so*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>suspensoir</ets>, <ets>suspensoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>That
which suspends, or holds up, as a truss</def>; specifically
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>a bandage or bag for supporting the
scrotum.</def>
<hw>Sus"pi*ca*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suspacabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>suspicari</ets> to suspect,
akin to <ets>suspicere</ets>. See <er>Suspect</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Liable to suspicion; suspicious.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>It is a very <qex>suspicable</qex> business.</q>
<qau>Dr. H. more.</qau>
<hw>Sus*pi"cien*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.
<ets>suspiciens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>suspicere</ets>. See
<er>Suspect</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Suspiciousness;
suspicion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hopkins.</au>
<hw>Sus*pi"cion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>suspecioun</ets>, OF. <ets>souspe\'87on</ets>, F.
<ets>soup\'87on</ets>, L. <ets>suspectio</ets> a looking up to,
an esteeming highly, suspicion, fr. <ets>suspicere</ets> to look
up, to esteem, to mistrust. The modern form <ets>suspicion</ets>
in English and French is in imitation of L. <ets>suspicio</ets>
mistrust, suspicion. See <er>Suspect</er>, and cf.
<er>Suspicious</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
suspecting; the imagination or apprehension of the existence of
something (esp. something wrong or hurtful) without proof, or
upon very slight evidence, or upon no evidence.</def>
<q><qex>Suspicions</qex> among thoughts are like bats among
birds, they ever fly by twilight.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Slight degree; suggestion; hint.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>The features are mild but expressive, with just a
<qex>suspicion</qex> . . . of saturnine or sarcastic humor.</q>
<qau>A. W. Ward.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Jealousy; distrust; mistrust; diffidence;
doubt.</syn>
<hw>Sus*pi"cion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To view with
suspicion; to suspect; to doubt.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Low]</mark>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Sus*pi"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>suspecious</ets>; cf. L. <ets>suspiciosus</ets>. See
<er>Suspicion</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Inclined to suspect;
given or prone to suspicion; apt to imagine without proof.</def>
<q>Nature itself, after it has done an injury, will ever be
<qex>suspicious</qex>; and no man can love the person he
suspects.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<q>Many mischievous insects are daily at work to make men of
merit <qex>suspicious</qex> of each other.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Indicating suspicion, mistrust, or fear.</def>
<q>We have a <qex>suspicious</qex>, fearful, constrained
countenance.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Liable to suspicion; adapted to raise suspicion;
giving reason to imagine ill; questionable; <as>as, an author of
<ex>suspicious</ex> innovations; <ex>suspicious</ex>
circumstances</as>.</def>
<q>I spy a black, <qex>suspicious</qex>, threatening could.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Jealous; distrustful; mistrustful; doubtful;
questionable. See <er>Jealous</er>.</syn>
-- <wordforms><wf>Sus*pi"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sus*pi"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sus*pir"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Suspire</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A breathing hole; a
vent or ventiduct.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spring of water passing under ground toward a
cistern or conduit.</def>
<hw>Sus`pi*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suspiratio</ets>. See <er>Suspire</er>.]</ety> <def>The act
of sighing, or fetching a long and deep breath; a deep
respiration; a sigh.</def>
<q>Windy <qex>suspiration</qex> of forced breath.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sus*pire"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>suspirare</ets> to breathe out, to sigh; <ets>sub</ets>
under + <ets>spirare</ets> to breathe: cf. F.
<ets>souspirer</ets>, OF. <ets>souspirer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To
fetch a long, deep breath; to sigh; to breathe.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Fireflies that <qex>suspire</qex>
In short, soft lapses of transported flame.</q>
<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>
<hw>Sus*pire"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>suspirium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A long, deep breath; a
sigh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sus*pired"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ardently
desired or longed for; earnestly coveted.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<hw>Sus*tain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sustained</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sustaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sustenen</ets>,
<ets>susteinen</ets>, OF. <ets>sustenir</ets>,
<ets>sostenir</ets>, F. <ets>soutenir</ets> (the French prefix is
properly fr. L. <ets>subtus</ets> below, fr. <ets>sub</ets>
under), L. <ets>sustinere</ets>; pref. <ets>sus-</ets> (see
<er>Sub-</er>) + <ets>tenere</ets> to hold. See <er>Tenable</er>,
and cf. <er>Sustenance</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To keep from
falling; to bear; to uphold; to support; <as>as, a foundation
<ex>sustains</ex> the superstructure; a beast <ex>sustains</ex> a
load; a rope <ex>sustains</ex> a weight</as>.</def>
<q>Every pillar the temple to <qex>sustain</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to keep from sinking, as in despondence,
or the like; to support.</def>
<q>No comfortable expectations of another life to
<qex>sustain</qex> him under the evils in this world.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To maintain; to keep alive; to support; to
subsist; to nourish; <as>as, provisions to <ex>sustain</ex> an
army</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>His sons, who seek the tyrant to <qex>sustain</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To endure without failing or yielding; to bear
up under; <as>as, to <ex>sustain</ex> defeat and
disappointment</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To suffer; to bear; to undergo.</def>
<q>Shall Turnus, then, such endless toil <qex>sustain</qex>?</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>You shall <qex>sustain</qex> more new disgraces.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To allow the prosecution of; to admit as valid;
to sanction; to continue; not to dismiss or abate; <as>as, the
court <ex>sustained</ex> the action or suit</as>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To prove; to establish by evidence; to
corroborate or confirm; to be conclusive of; <as>as, to
<ex>sustain</ex> a charge, an accusation, or a
proposition</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To support; uphold; subsist; assist; relieve;
suffer; undergo.</syn>
<hw>Sus*tain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, upholds or sustains; a sustainer.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>I waked again, for my <qex>sustain</qex> was the Lord.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sus*tain"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>soutenable</ets>, OF. <ets>soustenable</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Capable of being sustained or maintained; <as>as, the action
is not <ex>sustainable</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sus*tained"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Held up to
a certain pitch, degree, or level; uniform; <as>as,
<ex>sustained</ex> pasion; a <ex>sustained</ex> style of writing;
a <ex>sustained</ex> note in music</as>.</def>
<hw>Sus*tain"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, sustains.</def>
<au>Waterland.</au>
<hw>Sus*tain"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act
of sustaining; maintenance; support.</def>
<au>Milton. Lowell.</au>
<hw>Sus*tal"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
contractile, fr. <?/ to draw together, to moderate; <?/ together
+ <?/ to place.]</ety> <def>Mournful; -- said of a species of
music among the ancient Greeks.</def>
<au>Busby.</au>
<hw>Sus"te*nance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.
<ets>sustenance</ets>, <ets>sostenance</ets>,
<ets>soustenance</ets>: cf. L. <ets>sustenentia</ets> endurance.
See <er>Sustain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
sustaining; support; maintenance; subsistence; <as>as, the
<ex>sustenance</ex> of the body; the <ex>sustenance</ex> of
life</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which supports life; food; victuals;
provisions; means of living; <as>as, the city has ample
<ex>sustenance</ex></as>.</def> \'bdA man of little
<xex>sustenance</xex>.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>For lying is thy <qex>sustenance</qex>, thy food.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sus*ten"ta*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sustentaculum</ets>. See <er>Sustentation</er>.]</ety>
<def>Sustenance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Sus`ten*tac"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sustenance</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Supporting;
sustaining; <as>as, a <ex>sustentacular</ex> tissue</as>.</def>
<hw>Sus"ten*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
sustain.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>C. Reade.</au>
<hw>Sus`ten*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sustentatio</ets> sustenance, maintenance, fr.
<ets>sustentare</ets> to support, maintain, v. intens. fr.
<ets>sustinere</ets> to sustain: cf. F. <ets>sustentation</ets>.
See <er>Sustain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
sustaining, or the state of being sustained; preservation from
falling; support; sustenance; maintenance.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The aggregate of the
functions by which a living organism is maintained in a normal
condition of weight and growth.</def>
<cs><col>Sustentation fund</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>a fund
of a religious body for support of its ministers, chapels, etc.;
<as>as, the <ex>sustentation fund<ex> of the Free Church of
Scotland</as>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sus"ten*ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Adapted
to sustain, strengthen, or corroborate; <as>as,
<ex>sustentative</ex> citations or quotations</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sustentative functions</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>,
<cd>those functions of the body which affect its material
composition and thus determine its mass.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sus*ten"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sustentation.</def> <mark>[R. or Colloq.]</mark>
<q>In fine images, in <qex>sustention</qex>, in irony, they
surpass anything that Burke ever wrote.</q>
<qau>J. Morley.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sus"ter</hw>, <hw>Sus"tre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Susters</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,
<plw>Sustres</plw>, <or/ <plw>Sustren</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu>
<def>Sister.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>There are seven <qex>sustren</qex>, that serve truth ever.</q>
<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>
<hw>Su"su</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Soosoo</er>.</def>
<hw>Su*sur"rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>susurrans</ets>, p.pr. from <ets>susurrare</ets> to
whisper.]</ety> <def>Whispering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe
soft <xex>susurrant</xex> sigh.\'b8
<au>Poetry of Anti-Jacobin.</au>
<hw>Su`sur*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>susurratio</ets>, fr. <ets>susurrare</ets> to whisper: cf.
F. <ets>susurration</ets>.]</ety> <def>A whispering; a soft
murmur.</def> \'bdSoft <xex>susurrations</xex> of the trees.\'b8
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Su*sur"ring*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the
manner of a whisper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Su*sur"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>susurrus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Whispering; rustling; full of
whispering sounds.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Su*sur"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The act of whispering; a whisper; a
murmur.</def>
<au>De Quincey.</au>
<q>The soft <qex>susurrus</qex> and sighs of the branches.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>Su"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sutilis</ets>, fr. <ets>suere</ets> to sew: cf. F.
<ets>sutile</ets>.]</ety> <def>Done by stitching.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Boswell.</au>
<hw>Sut"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.
<ets>zoetelaar</ets>, OD. <ets>soetelaar</ets>, a small trader,
especially in camps, fr. <ets>soetelen</ets> to undertake low
offices; cf. G. <ets>sudeln</ets> to do dirty work, to sully,
soil, E. <ets>suds</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person who follows an
army, and sells to the troops provisions, liquors, and the
like.</def>
<hw>Sut"ler*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition or
occupation of a sutler.</def>
<hw>Sut"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to
sutlers; engaged in the occupation of a sutler.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Su"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of sirup
made by the Indians of Arizona from the fruit of some cactaceous
plant (probably the <xex>Cereus giganteus</xex>).</def>
<hw>\'d8Su"tra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sutras</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Skr.
<ets>s<?/tra</ets> a thread, a string of rules; an aphorism; fr.
<ets>siv</ets> to sew.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
precept; an aphorism; a brief rule.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
collection of such aphorisms.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A body of Hindoo literature
containing aphorisms on grammar, meter, law, and philosophy, and
forming a connecting link between the Vedic and later Sanscrit
literature.</def>
<au>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</au>
<hw>Sut*tee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.
<ets>sat\'c6</ets> a faithful wife, fem. of <ets>sant</ets>
existing, real, true, good, p.pr. of <ets>as</ets> to be. Cf.
<er>Sooth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A Hindoo widow who
immolates herself, or is immolated, on the funeral pile of her
husband; -- so called because this act of self-immolation is
regarded as envincing excellence of wifely character.</def>
<mark>[India]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of burning a widow on the funeral pile
of her husband.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>
<note><hand/ The practice, though abolished in British India law
in 1829, is not wholly prevented.</note>
<hw>Sut*tee"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
practice of self-immolation of widows in Hindostan.</def>
<-- p. 1455 -->
<hw>Sut"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The weight when the tare
has been deducted, and tret is yet to be allowed.</def>
<au>M<?/Culloch.</au>
<hw>Sut"tle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sutler</er>.]</ety> <def>To act as sutler; to supply
provisions and other articles to troops.</def>
<hw>Su"tur*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sutural</ets>, NL. <ets>suturals</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to a suture, or seam.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Taking place at a suture;
<as>as, a <ex>sutural</ex> de<?/iscence</as>.</def>
<hw>Su"tur*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sutural
manner.</def>
<hw>Su"tur*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sewed or
knit together; united by a suture; stitched.</def>
<hw>Su"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sutura</ets>, fr. <ets>suere</ets>, <ets>sutum</ets>, to sew
or stitch: cf. F. <ets>suture</ets>. See <er>Sew</er> to unite
with thread.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of sewing; also, the
line along which two things or parts are sewed together, or are
united so as to form a seam, or that which resembles a
seam.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The uniting of
the parts of a wound by stitching.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The
stitch by which the parts are united.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The line of union, or seam,
in an immovable articulation, like those between the bones of the
skull; also, such an articulation itself; synarthrosis. See
<cref>Harmonic suture</cref>, under <er>Harmonic</er>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The line, or
seam, formed by the union of two margins in any part of a plant;
<as>as, the ventral <ex>suture</ex> of a legume</as>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A line resembling a seam; <as>as, the dorsal
<ex>suture</ex> of a legume, which really corresponds to a
midrib</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The line at
which the elytra of a beetle meet and are sometimes
confluent.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A seam, or impressed line, as
between the segments of a crustacean, or between the whorls of a
univalve shell.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Glover's suture</col>, <col>Harmonic
suture</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Glover</er>,
<er>Harmonic</er>, etc.</cd></cs>
<hw>Su"tured</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
suture or sutures; knit or united together.</def>
<au>Pennant.</au>
<hw>Su*war"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>The giant cactus (<spn>Cereus giganteus</spn>); -- so named
by the Indians of Arizona. Called also
<altname>saguaro</altname>.</def>
<-- Saguaro is the most common now -->
<hw>Su"ze*rain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., formed
fr. <ets>sus</ets> above, L. <ets>susum</ets>, <ets>sursum</ets>
(fr. <ets>sub</ets> under + <ets>versum</ets>, p.p. of
<ets>vertere</ets> to turn), after the analogy of
<ets>souverain</ets>, E. <ets>sovereign</ets>. See <er>Sub-</er>,
and <er>Verse</er>.]</ety> <def>A superior lord, to whom fealty
is due; a feudal lord; a lord paramount.</def>
<hw>Su"ze*rain*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>suzerainet\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The dominion or authority
of a suzerain; paramount authority.</def>
<hw>Swa</hw> <pr>(sw<aum/)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>So</er>.]</ety> <def>So.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Swab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swabbed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swabbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Swabber</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To clean with a mop or swab; to wipe
when very wet, as after washing; <as>as, to <ex>swab</ex> the
desk of a ship</as>.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also
<asp>swob</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Swab</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Written also
<ets>swob</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of mop for
cleaning floors, the desks of vessels, etc., esp. one made of
rope-yarns or threads.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bit of sponge, cloth, or the like, fastened to
a handle, for cleansing the mouth of a sick person, applying
medicaments to deep-seated parts, etc.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An epaulet.</def>
<mark>[Sailor's Slang]</mark>
<au>Marryat.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bailey.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A sponge, or other suitable substance, attached
to a long rod or handle, for cleaning the bore of a
firearm.</def>
<hw>Swab"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
swab.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Swab"ber</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>zwabber</ets>;
cf.D. <ets>zwabberen</ets> to swab, G. <ets>schwabbern</ets>,
Dan. <ets>svabre</ets>, Sw. <ets>svab</ets> a swab,
<ets>svabla</ets> to swab.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who swabs
a floor or desk.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Formerly, an interior officer
on board of British ships of war, whose business it was to see
that the ship was kept clean.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Swobber</er>, 2.</def>
<hw>Swad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Probably fr. AS.
<ets>swe<?/ian</ets> to bind.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>swod</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cod, or pod, as of
beans or pease.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<q><qex>Swad</qex>, in the north, is a peascod shell -- thence
used for an empty, shallow-headed fellow.</q>
<qau>Blount.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A clown; a country bumpkin.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]</mark> \'bdCountry swains, and silly
<xex>swads</xex>.\'b8
<au>Greene.</au>
<q>There was one busy fellow was their leader,
A blunt, squat <qex>swad</qex>, but lower than yourself.</q>
<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A lump of mass; also, a crowd.</def> <mark>[Low,
U.S.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Coal Mining)</fld> <def>A thin layer of refuse
at the bottom of a seam.</def>
<au>Raymond.</au>
<hw>Swad"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>swe<?/il</ets>, <ets>swe<?/el</ets>, fr.
<ets>swe<?/ain</ets> to bind. See <er>Swathe</er>.]</ety>
<def>Anything used to swaddle with, as a cloth or band; a
swaddling band.</def>
<q>They put me in bed in all my swaddles.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Swad"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Swaddled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Swaddling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To bind as with a bandage; to bind or warp
tightly with clothes; to swathe; -- used esp. of infants; <as>as,
to <ex>swaddle</ex> a baby</as>.</def>
<q>They <qex>swaddled</qex> me up in my nightgown with long
pieces of linen.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To beat; to cudgel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Hudibras.</au>
<hw>Swad"dle*bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The shoveler.</def> <mark>[Local,
U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Swad"dler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A term of
contempt for an Irish Methodist.</def>
<au>Shipley.</au>
<hw>Swad"dling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Swaddle</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><mcol><col>Swaddling band</col>, <col>Swaddling cloth</col>,
<or/ <col>Swaddling clout</col></mcol>, <cd>a band or cloth
wrapped round an infant, especially round a newborn
infant.</cd></cs>
<q>Ye shall find the babe wrapped in <qex>swaddling
clothes</qex>, lying in a manger.</q>
<qau>Luke ii. 12.</qau>
<hw>Swag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swagged</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Swagging</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>sveggja</ets>,
<ets>sveigja</ets> to bend, to sway, Norw. <ets>svaga</ets> to
sway. See <er>Sway</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hang or move,
as something loose and heavy; to sway; to swing.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sink down by its weight; to sag.</def>
<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<q>I <qex>swag</qex> as a fat person's belly <qex>swaggeth</qex>
as he goeth.</q>
<qau>Palsgrave.</qau>
<hw>Swag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A swaying,
irregular motion.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A burglar's or thief's booty; boodle.</def>
<mark>[Cant or Slang]</mark>
<au>Charles Reade.</au>
<hw>Swag"-bel`lied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a
prominent, overhanging belly.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Swag"bel`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A prominent, overhanging belly.</def>
<au>Smollett.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any large tumor developed in
the abdomen, and neither fluctuating nor sonorous.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>Swage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swaged</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Swaging</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Equiv. to <ets>suage</ets>,
abbrev. fr. <ets>assuage</ets>.]</ety> <def>See
<er>Assuage</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Swage</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tool, variously shaped or
grooved on the end or face, used by blacksmiths and other workers
in metals, for shaping their work, whether sheet metal or
forging, by holding the swage upon the work, or the work upon the
swage, and striking with a sledge.</def>
<cs><col>Swage block</col>, <cd>a perforated block of iron,
having grooved sides and adapted for use in heading bolts and
swaging objects of large size.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swage</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shape by means of a
swage; to fashion, as a piece of iron, by forcing it into a
groove or mold having the required shape.</def>
<hw>Swag"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swaggered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swaggering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of
<ets>swag</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To walk with a swaying
motion; hence, to walk and act in a pompous, consequential
manner.</def>
<q>A man who <qex>swaggers</qex> about London clubs.</q>
<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To boast or brag noisily; to be ostentatiously
proud or vainglorious; to bluster; to bully.</def>
<q>What a pleasant it is . . . to <qex>swagger</qex> at the
bar!</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<q>To be great is not . . . to <qex>swagger</qex> at our
footmen.</q>
<qau>Colier.</qau>
<hw>Swag"ger</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bully.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Swag"ger</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or manner of a
swaggerer.</def>
<q>He gave a half <qex>swagger</qex>, half leer, as he stepped
forth to receive us.</q>
<qau>W. Irving.</qau>
<hw>Swag"ger*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
swaggers; a blusterer; a bully; a boastful, noisy fellow.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Swag"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined to
swag; sinking, hanging, or leaning by its weight.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Swain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>swain</ets>, <ets>swein</ets>, Icel. <ets>sveinn</ets> a
boy, servant; akin to Sw. <ets>sven</ets>, Dan. <ets>svend</ets>,
AS. <ets>sw\'ben</ets>, OHG. <ets>swein</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A servant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>Him behoves serve himself that has no <qex>swain</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A young man dwelling in the country; a rustic;
esp., a cuntry gallant or lover; -- chiefly in poetry.</def>
<q>It were a happy life
To be no better than a homely <qex>swain</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Blest <qex>swains</qex>! whose nymphs in every grace
excel.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Swain"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or
resembling, a swain; rustic; ignorant.</def> \'bdAn ungentle and
<xex>swainish</xex> beast.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Swain"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>
<au>Emerson.</au></wordforms>
<hw>Swain"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little
swain.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Swain"mote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Swain</ets> + <ets>mote</ets> meeting: cf. LL.
<ets>swanimotum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Forest Law)</fld> <def>A
court held before the verders of the forest as judges, by the
steward of the court, thrice every year, the swains, or
freeholders, within the forest composing the jury.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>swanimote</asp>, and
<asp>sweinmote</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Blackstone.</au>
<hw>Swain"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition of a
swain.</def>
<hw>Swaip</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Sweep</er>.]</ety> <def>To walk proudly; to sweep
along.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Todd.</au>
<hw>Swal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>imp.</pos>
<mord>of <er>Swell</er></mord>. <def>Swelled.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Swale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.
<ets>svalr</ets> cool, <ets>svala</ets> to cool.]</ety> <def>A
valley or low place; a tract of low, and usually wet, land; a
moor; a fen.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Swale</hw>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To melt and waste
away; to singe. See <er>Sweal</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<hw>Swale</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A gutter in a candle.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swal"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>schwall</ets> a sea swell, from <ets>schwellen</ets> to
swell, E. <ets>swell</ets>.]</ety> <def>Water breaking in upon
the miners at their work; -- so called among tin miners.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>swalowe</ets>, AS. <ets>swalewe</ets>, <ets>swealwe</ets>;
akin to D. <ets>zwaluw</ets>, OHG. <ets>swalawa</ets>, G.
<ets>schwalbe</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>svala</ets>, Dan.
<ets>svale</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Any one of numerous species of passerine birds of the family
<spn>Hirundinid\'91</spn>, especially one of those species in
which the tail is deeply forked. They have long, pointed wings,
and are noted for the swiftness and gracefulness of their
flight.</def>
<note><hand/ The most common North American species are the barn
swallow (see under <er>Barn</er>), the cliff, or eaves, swallow
(see under <er>Cliff</er>), the white-bellied, or tree, swallow
(<spn>Tachycineta bicolor</spn>), and the bank swallow (see under
<er>Bank</er>). The common European swallow (<spn>Chelidon
rustica</spn>), and the window swallow, or martin (<spn>Chelidon
urbica</spn>), are familiar species.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of swifts which resemble the true swallows in form and
habits, as the common American chimney swallow, or swift.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The aperture in a block
through which the rope reeves.</def>
<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>
<cs><col>Swallow plover</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one
of several species of fork-tailed ploverlike birds of the genus
<spn>Glareola</spn>, as <spn>G. orientalis</spn> of India; a
pratincole.</cd> -- <col>Swallow shrike</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of East
Indian and Asiatic birds of the family <spn>Artamiid\'91</spn>,
allied to the shrikes but similar to swallows in appearance and
habits. The ashy swallow shrike (<spn>Artamus fuscus</spn>) is
common in India.</cd> -- <col>Swallow warbler</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of East
Indian and Australian singing birds of the genus
<spn>Dic\'91um</spn>. They are allied to the
honeysuckers.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swallowed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swallowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>swolewen</ets>,
<ets>swolwen</ets>, <ets>swolhen</ets>, AS. <ets>swelgan</ets>;
akin to D. <ets>zwelgen</ets>, OHG. <ets>swelahan</ets>,
<ets>swelgan</ets>, G. <ets>schwelgen</ets> to feast, to revel,
Icel. <ets>svelgia</ets> to swallow, SW. <ets>sv\'84lja</ets>,
Dan. <ets>sv\'91lge</ets>. Cf. <er>Groundsel</er> a plant.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To take into the stomach; to receive through the
gullet, or esophagus, into the stomach; <as>as, to
<ex>swallow</ex> food or drink</as>.</def>
<q>As if I had <qex>swallowed</qex> snowballs for pills.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw into an abyss or gulf; to ingulf; to
absorb -- usually followed by <xex>up</xex>.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<q>The earth opened her mouth, and <qex>swallowed</qex> them up,
and their houses.</q>
<qau>Num. xvi. 32.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To receive or embrace, as opinions or belief,
without examination or scruple; to receive implicitly.</def>
<q>Though that story . . . be not so readily
<qex>swallowed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To engross; to appropriate; -- usually with
<xex>up</xex>.</def>
<q>Homer excels . . . in this, that he <qex>swallowed</qex> up
the honor of those who succeeded him.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To occupy; to take up; to employ.</def>
<q>The necessary provision of the life <qex>swallows</qex> the
greatest part of their time.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To seize and waste; to exhaust; to
consume.</def>
<q>Corruption <qex>swallowed</qex> what the liberal hand
Of bounty scattered.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To retract; to recant; <as>as, to
<ex>swallow</ex> one's opinions</as>.</def>
\'bd<xex>Swallowed</xex> his vows whole.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To put up with; to bear patiently or without
retaliation; <as>as, to <ex>swallow</ex> an affront or
insult</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To absorb; imbibe; ingulf; engross; consume. See
<er>Absorb</er>.</syn>
<hw>Swal"low</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To perform the act of
swallowing; <as>as, his cold is so severe he is unable to
<ex>swallow</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Swal"low</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
swallowing.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The gullet, or esophagus; the throat.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Taste; relish; inclination; liking.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>I have no <qex>swallow</qex> for it.</q>
<qau>Massinger.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Capacity for swallowing; voracity.</def>
<q>There being nothing too gross for the <qex>swallow</qex> of
political rancor.</q>
<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>As much as is, or can be, swallowed at once;
<as>as, a <ex>swallow</ex> of water</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>That which ingulfs; a whirlpool.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fabyan.</au>
<hw>Swal"low*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
swallows; also, a glutton.</def>
<au>Tatler.</au>
<hw>Swal"low*fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European sapphirine gurnard
(<spn>Trigla hirundo</spn>). It has large pectoral fins.</def>
<hw>Swal"low*tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A kind of tenon or tongue used in making
joints. See <er>Dovetail</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of willow.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An outwork with converging
sides, its head or front forming a re\'89ntrant angle; -- so
called from its form. Called also
<altname>priestcap</altname>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A swallow-tailed coat.</def>
<q>This Stultz coat, a blue <qex>swallowtail</qex>, with yellow
buttons.</q>
<qau>Thackeray.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>An arrow.</def>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of large and handsome butterflies, belonging to Papilio
and allied genera, in which the posterior border of each hind
wing is prolongated in the form of a long lobe.</def>
<note><hand/ The black swallowtail, or asterias (see
<er>Papilio</er>), the blue swallowtail, or philenor, the tiger
swallowtail, or turnus (see <er>Turnus</er>), and the zebra
swallowtail, or ajax (see under <er>Zebra</er>) are common
American species. See also <er>Troilus</er>.</note>
<hw>Swal"low-tailed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Having a tail like that of a swallow; hence, like a
swallow's tail in form; having narrow and tapering or pointed
skirts; <as>as, a <ex>swallow-tailed</ex> coat</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>United by dovetailing;
dovetailed.</def>
<cs><col>Swallow-tailed duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
old squaw.</cd> -- <col>Swallow-tailed gull</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Arctic gull (<spn>Xema
furcata</spn>), which has a deeply forked tail.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Swallow-tailed</col> <col>hawk <or/ kite</col></mcol>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fork-tailed kite.</cd> --
<col>Swallow-tailed moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
European moth (<spn>Urapteryx sambucaria</spn>) having tail-like
lobes on the hind wings.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swal"low*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See <er>Celandine</er>.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A poisonous plant (<spn>Vincetoxicum
officinale</spn>) of the Milkweed family, at one time used in
medicine; -- also called <altname>white
swallowwort</altname>.</def>
<cs><col>African swallowwort</col>, <cd>a plant of the genus
Stapelia.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Swim</er>.</def>
<hw>Swamp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.
<ets>swam</ets> a fungus, OD. <ets>swam</ets> a sponge, D.
<ets>zwam</ets> a fungus, G. <ets>schwamm</ets> a sponge, Icel.
<ets>sv\'94ppr</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>swamp</ets>, Goth.
<ets>swamms</ets>, Gr. <grk>somfo`s</grk> porous, spongy.]</ety>
<def>Wet, spongy land; soft, low ground saturated with water, but
not usually covered with it; marshy ground away from the
seashore.</def>
<q>Gray <qex>swamps</qex> and pools, waste places of the
hern.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<q>A <qex>swamp</qex> differs from a bog and a marsh in producing
trees and shrubs, while the latter produce only herbage, plants,
and mosses.</q>
<qau>Farming Encyc. (E. Edwards, Words).</qau>
<cs><col>Swamp blackbird</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Redwing</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Swamp cabbage</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>skunk cabbage.</cd> -- <col>Swamp
deer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Asiatic deer
(<spn>Rucervus Duvaucelli</spn>) of India.</cd> -- <col>Swamp
hen</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An Australian
azure-breasted bird (<spn>Porphyrio bellus</spn>); -- called also
<altname>goollema</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An Australian
water crake, or rail (<spn>Porzana Tabuensis</spn>); -- called
also <altname>little swamp hen</altname>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>
<cd>The European purple gallinule.</cd> -- <col>Swamp
honeysuckle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American shrub
(<spn>Azalea, <or/ Rhododendron, viscosa</spn>) growing in swampy
places, with fragrant flowers of a white color, or white tinged
with rose; -- called also <altname>swamp pink</altname>.</cd> --
<col>Swamp hook</col>, <cd>a hook and chain used by lumbermen in
handling logs. Cf. <er>Cant hook</er>.</cd> -- <col>Swamp
itch</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Prairie itch</cref>,
under <er>Prairie</er>.</cd> -- <col>Swamp laurel</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a shrub (<spn>Kalmia glauca</spn>) having
small leaves with the lower surface glaucous.</cd> -- <col>Swamp
maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>red maple. See
<er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Swamp oak</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a name given to several kinds of oak which grow in swampy
places, as swamp Spanish oak (<spn>Quercus palustris</spn>),
swamp white oak (<spn>Q. bicolor</spn>), swamp post oak (<spn>Q.
lyrata</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Swamp ore</col><cd> (<xex>Min<xex>.),
big ore; limonite.</cd> -- <col>Swamp partridge</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several Australian game
birds of the genera <spn>Synoicus</spn> and
<spn>Excalfatoria</spn>, allied to the European partridges.</cd>
-- <col>Swamp robin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the
chewink.</cd> -- <col>Swamp sassafras</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a small North American tree of the genus <spn>Magnolia</spn>
(<spn>M. glauca</spn>) with aromatic leaves and fragrant
creamy-white blossoms; -- called also <altname>sweet
bay</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Swamp sparrow</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common North American sparrow
(<spn>Melospiza Georgiana</spn>, or <spn>M. palustris</spn>),
closely resembling the song sparrow. It lives in low, swampy
places.</cd> -- <col>Swamp willow</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>See <cref>Pussy willow</cref>, under
<er>Pussy</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1456 -->
<hw>Swamp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swamped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swamping</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To plunge or
sink into a swamp.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To cause (a boat) to become
filled with water; to capsize or sink by whelming with
water.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: To plunge into difficulties and perils; to
overwhelm; to ruin; to wreck.</def>
<q>The Whig majority of the house of Lords was <qex>swamped</qex>
by the creation of twelve Tory peers.</q>
<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>
<q>Having <qex>swamped</qex> himself in following the ignis
fatuus of a theory.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<hw>Swamp</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sink or
stick in a swamp; figuratively, to become involved in insuperable
difficulties.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To become filled with water, as a boat; to
founder; to capsize or sink; figuratively, to be ruined; to be
wrecked.</def>
<hw>Swamp"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of
swamp; like a swamp; low, wet, and spongy; <as>as,
<ex>swampy</ex> land</as>.</def>
<hw>Swan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>swan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zwaan</ets>, OHG.
<ets>swan</ets>, G. <ets>schwan</ets>, Icel. <ets>svanr</ets>,
Sw. <ets>svan</ets>, Dan. <ets>svane</ets>; and perhaps to E.
<ets>sound</ets> something audible.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of large
aquatic birds belonging to <spn>Cygnus</spn>, <spn>Olor</spn>,
and allied genera of the subfamily <spn>Cygnin\'91</spn>. They
have a large and strong beak and a long neck, and are noted for
their graceful movements when swimming. Most of the northern
species are white. In literature the swan was fabled to sing a
melodious song, especially at the time of its death.</def>
<note><hand/ The European white, or mute, swan (<spn>Cygnus
gibbus</spn>), which is most commonly domesticated, bends its
neck in an S-shaped curve. The whistling, or trumpeting, swans of
the genus <spn>Olor</spn> do not bend the neck in an S-shaped
curve, and are noted for their loud and sonorous cry, due to
complex convolutions of the windpipe. To this genus belong the
European whooper, or whistling swan (<spn>Olor cygnus</spn>), the
American whistling swan (<spn>O. Columbianus</spn>), and the
trumpeter swan (<spn>O. buccinator</spn>). The Australian black
swan (<spn>Chenopis atrata</spn>) is dull black with white on the
wings, and has the bill carmine, crossed with a white band. It is
a very graceful species and is often domesticated. The South
American black-necked swan (<spn>Sthenelides melancorypha</spn>)
is a very beautiful and graceful species, entirely white, except
the head and neck, which are dark velvety seal-brown. Its bill
has a double bright rose-colored knob.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: An appellation for a sweet singer, or a
poet noted for grace and melody; <as>as Shakespeare is called the
<ex>swan</ex> of Avon</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The constellation
Cygnus.</def>
<cs><col>Swan goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird of
India (<spn>Cygnopsis cygnoides</spn>) resembling both the swan
and the goose.</cd> -- <col>Swan shot</col>, <cd>a large size of
shot used in fowling.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Swing</er>.</def>
<hw>Swang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Swamp</er>.]</ety>
<def>A swamp.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swan"herd`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
tends or marks swans; <as>as, the royal <ex>swanherd</ex> of
England</as>.</def>
<hw>Swan"-hop`ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
corruption of <er>Swan-upping</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>
<hw>Swan"i*mote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eng.
Forest Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Swainmote</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Swank"ie</hw>, <hw>Swank"y</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>schwank</ets> flexible,
pliant.]</ety> <def>An active and clever young fellow.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Swan"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a
swan.</def>
<hw>Swan"mark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mark of
ownership cut on the bill or swan.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>
<hw>Swan"ner*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place
where swans are bred.</def> \'bdThe largest <xex>swannery</xex>
in England.\'b8
<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>
<hw>Swan"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Swanlike;
<as>as, a <ex>swanny</ex> glossiness of the neck</as>.</def>
<au>Richardson.</au>
<hw>Swan"pan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Schwanpan</er>.]</ety> <def>The Chinese abacus; a
schwanpan.</def><-- also, suan-pan -->
<au>S. W. Williams.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Swan's"-down`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <or/
<hw>Swans"-down`</hw> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The down, or fine, soft feathers, of the swan, used on
various articles of dress.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fine, soft, thick cloth of wool mixed with
silk or cotton; a sort of twilled fustian, like moleskin.</def>
<cs><col>Swan's-down cotton</col>. <cd>See <cref>Cotton
flannel</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swan"skin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of a swan with the down or the feathers on.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A species of soft flannel, thick and warm.</def>
<hw>Swan"-up`ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A yearly
expedition on the Thames to take up young swans and mark them, as
by Companies of Dyers and Vintners; -- called also
<altname>swan-hopping</altname>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>
<hw>Swap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swapped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>swappen</ets> to
strike; cf. E. to <ets>strike</ets> a bargain; perh. akin to E.
<ets>sweep</ets>. Cf. <er>Swap</er> a blow, <er>Swap</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>swop</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike; -- with
<xex>off</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
\'bd<xex>Swap</xex> off his head!\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exchange (usually two things of the same
kind); to swop.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Miss Edgeworth.</au>
<hw>Swap</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Swap</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fall or descend; to rush
hastily or violently.</def>
<au>C. Richardson (Dict.).</au>
<q>All suddenly she <qex>swapt</qex> adown to ground.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To beat the air, or ply the wings, with a
sweeping motion or noise; to flap.</def>
<hw>Swap</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>schwapp</ets>, n.,
a slap, swap, <ets>schwapp</ets>, <ets>schwapps</ets>, interj.,
slap! smack! and E. <ets>swap</ets>, v.t.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A blow; a stroke.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An exchange; a barter.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Swap</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Swap</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Hastily.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swape</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sweep</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 12.</def>
<hw>Sward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sweard</ets> skin, covering; akin to OFries.
<ets>swarge</ets>, D. <ets>zwoord</ets>, G. <ets>schwarte</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sv\'94r<?/r</ets> skin, sward of the earth.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Skin; covering.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The grassy surface of land; that part of the
soil which is filled with the roots of grass; turf.</def>
<q>The <qex>sward</qex> was trim as any garden lawn.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<cs><col>Sward pork</col>, <cd>bacon in large fitches.</cd>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Sward</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Swarded</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Swarding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To produce sward
upon; to cover, or be covered, with sward.</def>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<hw>Sward"-cut`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>A plow for turning up grass land.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
lawn mower.</def>
<hw>Sward"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with sward.</def>
<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>
<hw>Sward"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with
sward or grass.</def>
<hw>Sware</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Swear</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>
<q>Cophetua <qex>sware</qex> a royal oath.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<hw>Swarf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Swerve</er>.]</ety> <def>To grow languid; to faint.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark> \'bdTo <xex>swarf</xex> for very hunger.\'b8
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Swarf</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Swerve</er>.]</ety>
<def>The grit worn away from grindstones in grinding cutlery
wet.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swarm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Swerve</er>.]</ety> <def>To climb a tree, pole, or the like,
by embracing it with the arms and legs alternately. See
<er>Shin</er>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<q>At the top was placed a piece of money, as a prize for those
who could <qex>swarm</qex> up and seize it.</q>
<qau>W. Coxe.</qau>
<hw>Swarm</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>swarm</ets>, AS.
<ets>swearm</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zwerm</ets>, G.
<ets>schwarm</ets>, OHG. <ets>swaram</ets>, Icel.
<ets>svarmr</ets> a tumult, Sw. <ets>sv\'84rm</ets> a swarm, Dan.
<ets>sv\'91rm</ets>, and G. <ets>schwirren</ets> to whiz, to
buzz, Skr. <ets>svar</ets> to sound, and perhaps to E.
<ets>swear</ets>. \'fb177. Cf. <er>Swerve</er>,
<er>Swirl</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A large number or mass of
small animals or insects, especially when in motion.</def> \'bdA
deadly <xex>swarm</xex> of hornets.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Especially, a great number of honeybees which
emigrate from a hive at once, and seek new lodgings under the
direction of a queen; a like body of bees settled permanently in
a hive.</def> \'bdA <xex>swarm</xex> of bees.\'b8
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence, any great nimber or multitude, as of
people in motion, or sometimes of inanimate objects; <as>as, a
<ex>swarm</ex> of meteorites</as>.</def>
<q>Those prodigious <qex>swarms</qex> that had settled themselves
in every part of it [Italy].</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Multitude; crowd; throng.</syn>
<hw>Swarm</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Swarmed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Swarming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
collect, and depart from a hive by flight in a body; -- said of
bees; <as>as, bees <ex>swarm</ex> in warm, clear days in
summer</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To appear or collect in a crowd; to throng
together; to congregate in a multitude.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be crowded; to be thronged with a multitude
of beings in motion.</def>
<q>Every place <qex>swarms</qex> with soldiers.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To abound; to be filled (with).</def>
<au>Atterbury.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To breed multitudes.</def>
<q>Not so thick <qex>swarmed</qex> once the soil
Bedropped with blood of Gorgon.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Swarm</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To crowd or throng.</def>
<au>Fanshawe.</au>
<hw>Swarm"spore`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of innumerable minute, motile,
reproductive bodies, produced asexually by certain alg\'91 and
fungi; a zo\'94spore.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the minute
flagellate germs produced by the sporulation of a protozoan; --
called also <altname>zo\'94spore</altname>.</def>
<hw>Swart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sward.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Swart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>swart</ets>, AS. <ets>sweart</ets> black; akin to OFries,
OS. & LG. <ets>swart</ets>, D. <ets>zwart</ets>, G.
<ets>schwartz</ets>, OHG. <ets>swarz</ets>, Icel.
<ets>svarir</ets>, Sw. <ets>svart</ets>, Dan. <ets>sort</ets>,
Goth. <ets>swarts</ets>; cf. L. <ets>sordes</ets> dirt,
<ets>sordere</ets> to be dirty. Cf. <er>Sordid</er>,
<er>Surd</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of a dark hue; moderately
black; swarthy; tawny.</def> \'bd<xex>Swart</xex> attendants.\'b8
<au>Trench</au>. \'bd<xex>Swart</xex> savage maids.\'b8
<au>Hawthorne</au>.
<q>A nation strange, with visage <qex>swart</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gloomy; malignant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<cs><col>Swart star</col>, <cd>the Dog Star; -- so called from
its appearing during the hot weather of summer, which makes swart
the countenance.</cd> <mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Milton.</au></cs>
<hw>Swart</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make swart or tawny;
<as>as, to <ex>swart</ex> a living part</as>.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Swart"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black-backed gull (<spn>Larus
marinus</spn>); -- called also <altname>swarbie</altname>.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swarth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Swart;
swarthy.</def> \'bdA <xex>swarth</xex> complexion.\'b8
<au>Chapman.</au>
<hw>Swarth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An apparition of
a person about to die; a wraith.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Grose.</au>
<hw>Swarth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sward</er>.]</ety>
<def>Sward; short grass.</def>
<q>Grassy <qex>swarth</qex>, close cropped by nibbling sheep.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<hw>Swarth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Swath</er>.</def>
<hw>Swarth"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
swarthy manner; with a tawny hue; duskily.</def>
<hw>Swarth"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state
of being swarthy; a dusky or dark complexion; tawniness.</def>
<hw>Swarth"*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Swarthiness.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Dr. R. Clerke.</au>
<hw>Swarth"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Swarthier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Swarthiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Swart</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Being of a dark hue or
dusky complexion; tawny; swart; <as>as, <ex>swarthy</ex>
faces</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>swarthy</xex> Ethiope.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Their <qex>swarthy</qex> hosts would darken all our
plains.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<hw>Swarth"y</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make swarthy.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Cowley.</au>
<hw>Swart"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Swarthiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Swart"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat swart, dark, or
tawny.</def>
<hw>Swart"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being swart.</def>
<hw>Swart"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Swarthy;
tawny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Burton.</au>
<hw>Swarve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Swerve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To swerve.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>
<au>Spenser. Jamieson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To climb.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Swash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Swash</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, <er>Squash</er>, <pos>v.
t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An oval figure, whose
moldings are oblique to the axis of the work.</def>
<au>Moxon.</au>
<cs><col>Swash plate</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a revolving
circular plate, set obliquely on its shaft, and acting as a cam
to give a reciprocating motion to a rod in a direction parallel
to the shaft.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swash</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Swash</er>, <pos>v.
i.</pos>, <er>Squash</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Soft,
like fruit too ripe; swashy.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Pegge.</au>
<hw>Swash</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Swashed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Swashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably of
imitative origin; cf. Sw. <ets>svasska</ets> to splash, and, for
sense 3, Sw. <ets>svassa</ets> to bully, to rodomontade.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To dash or flow noisily, as water; to splash;
<as>as, water <ex>swashing</ex> on a shallow place</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fall violently or noisily.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bluster; to make a great noise; to vapor or
brag.</def>
<hw>Swash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Impulse of water
flowing with violence; a dashing or splashing of water.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A narrow sound or channel of water lying within
a sand bank, or between a sand bank and the shore, or a bar over
which the sea washes.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Liquid filth; wash; hog mash.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A blustering noise; a swaggering behavior.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A swaggering fellow; a swasher.</def>
<hw>Swash"buc`kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bully
or braggadocio; a swaggering, boastful fellow; a swaggerer.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Swash"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes
a blustering show of valor or force of arms.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Swash"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Swaggering;
hectoring.</def> \'bdA <xex>swashing</xex> and martial
outside.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resounding; crushing.</def>
\'bd<xex>Swashing</xex> blow.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Swash"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as 4th
<er>Swash</er>, 2.</def>
<hw>Swash"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Soft, like
fruit that is too ripe; quashy; swash.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Sweat</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Swatch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
swath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Tusser.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece, pattern, or sample, generally of
cloth.</def>
<au>Halliwell. Jamieson.</au>
<hw>Swate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Sweat</er>.</def>
<au>Thomson.</au>
<hw>Swath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>swa<?/u</ets> a track, trace; akin to D. <ets>zwaad</ets>,
<ets>zwad</ets>, <ets>zwade</ets>, a swath of grass, G.
<ets>schwad</ets>, <ets>schwaden</ets>; perhaps, originally, a
shred. Cf. <er>Swathe</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A line of grass or grain cut and thrown together by the
scythe in mowing or cradling.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The whole sweep of a scythe, or the whole
breadth from which grass or grain is cut by a scythe or a
machine, in mowing or cradling; <as>as, to cut a wide
<ex>swath</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A band or fillet; a swathe.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<cs><col>Swath bank</col>, <cd>a row of new-mown grass.</cd>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Swathe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swathed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swathing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>swathen</ets>, AS.
<ets>swe<?/ain</ets>. See <er>Swath</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Swaddle</er>.]</ety> <def>To bind with a swathe, band,
bandage, or rollers.</def>
<q>Their children are never <qex>swathed</qex> or bound about
with any thing when they are first born.</q>
<qau>Abp. Abbot.</qau>
<hw>Swathe</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bandage; a band; a
swath.</def>
<q>Wrapped me in above an hundred yards of <qex>swathe</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<q>Milk and a <qex>swathe</qex>, at first, his whole demand.</q>
<qau>Young.</qau>
<q>The solemn glory of the afternoon, with its long
<qex>swathes</qex> of light between the far off rows of
limes.</q>
<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>
<hw>Swath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Swath</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A
device attached to a mowing machine for raising the uncut fallen
grain and marking the limit of the swath.</def>
<hw>Swat"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Sweat</er>.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sway</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swayed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Swaying</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>sweyen</ets>, Icel. <ets>sveigja</ets>, akin to E.
<ets>swing</ets>; cf. D. <ets>zwaaijen</ets> to wield, swing. See
<er>Swing</er>, and cf. <er>Swag</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To move or wield with the hand; to swing; to
wield; <as>as, to <ex>sway</ex> the scepter</as>.</def>
<q>As sparkles from the anvil rise,
When heavy hammers on the wedge are <qex>swayed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To influence or direct by power and authority;
by persuasion, or by moral force; to rule; to govern; to
guide.</def>
<q>The will of man is by his reason <qex>swayed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>She could not <qex>sway</qex> her house.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>This was the race
To <qex>sway</qex> the world, and land and sea subdue.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause to incline or swing to one side, or
backward and forward; to bias; to turn; to bend; warp; <as>as,
reeds <ex>swayed</ex> by wind; judgment <ex>swayed</ex> by
passion</as>.</def>
<q>As bowls run true by being made
On purpose false, and to be <qex>swayed</qex>.</q>
<qau>Hudibras.</qau>
<q>Let not temporal and little advantages <qex>sway</qex> you
against a more durable interest.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To hoist; <as>as, to
<ex>sway</ex> up the yards</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To bias; rule; govern; direct; influence; swing;
move; wave; wield.</syn>
<-- p. 1457 -->
<hw>Sway</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
be drawn to one side by weight or influence; to lean; to
incline.</def>
<q>The balance <qex>sways</qex> on our part.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move or swing from side to side; or backward
and forward.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have weight or influence.</def>
<q>The example of sundry churches . . . doth <qex>sway</qex>
much.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To bear sway; to rule; to govern.</def>
<q>Hadst thou <qex>swayed</qex> as kings should do.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Sway</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of swaying;
a swaying motion; the swing or sweep of a weapon.</def>
<q>With huge two-handed <qex>sway</qex> brandished aloft.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Influence, weight, or authority that inclines to
one side; <as>as, the <ex>sway</ex> of desires</as>.</def>
<au>A. Tucker.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Preponderance; turn or cast of balance.</def>
<q>Expert
When to advance, or stand, or turn the <qex>sway</qex>
Of battle.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Rule; dominion; control.</def>
<au>Cowper.</au>
<q>When vice prevails, and impious men bear <qex>sway</qex>,
The post of honor is a private station.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A switch or rod used by thatchers to bind their
work.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<syn>Syn. -- Rule; dominion; power; empire; control; influence;
direction; preponderance; ascendency.</syn>
<hw>Sway"-backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
the back hollow or sagged, whether naturally or as the result of
injury or weakness; -- said of horses and other animals.</def>
<hw>Sway"-bra`cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>The horizontal bracing of a bridge,
which prevents its swaying.</def>
<hw>Swayed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bent down, and
hollow in the back; sway-backed; -- said of a horse.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sway"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Able to
sway.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Rush.</au>
<hw>Sway"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An injury caused by violent
strains or by overloading; -- said of the backs of horses.</def>
<au>Crabb.</au>
<hw>Sweal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swealed</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>swelen</ets> to
burn, AS. <ets>swelan</ets>; akin to G. <ets>schwelen</ets> to
burn slowly, <ets>schw\'81l</ets> sultry, Icel.
<ets>sv\'91la</ets> a thick smoke.]</ety> <def>To melt and run
down, as the tallow of a candle; to waste away without feeding
the flame.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>swale</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Sweal</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To singe; to scorch; to
swale; <as>as, to <ex>sweal</ex> a pig by singeing off the
hair</as>.</def>
<hw>Swear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Swore</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, formerly
<er>Sware</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Sworn</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>swerien</ets>, AS.
<ets>swerian</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zweren</ets>, OS.
<ets>swerian</ets>, OHG. <ets>swerien</ets>, G.
<ets>schw\'94ren</ets>, Icel. <ets>sverja</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sv\'84rja</ets>, Dan. <ets>sv\'91rge</ets>, Icel. & Sw.
<ets>svara</ets> to answer, Dan. <ets>svare</ets>, Dan. & Sw.
<ets>svar</ets> an answer, Goth. <ets>swaran</ets> to swear, and
perhaps to E. <ets>swarm</ets>. \'fb177. Cf.
<er>Answer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To affirm or utter a
solemn declaration, with an appeal to God for the truth of what
is affirmed; to make a promise, threat, or resolve on oath; also,
to affirm solemnly by some sacred object, or one regarded as
sacred, as the Bible, the Koran, etc.</def>
<q>Ye shall <qex>swear</qex> by my name falsely.</q>
<qau>Lev. xix. 12.</qau>
<q>I <qex>swear</qex> by all the Roman gods.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To give evidence on oath;
<as>as, to <ex>swear</ex> to the truth of a statement; he
<ex>swore</ex> against the prisoner</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make an appeal to God in an irreverant
manner; to use the name of God or sacred things profanely; to
call upon God in imprecation; to curse.</def>
<q>[I] <qex>swore</qex> little; diced not above seven times a
week.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>To swear by</col>, <cd>to place great confidence in a
person or thing; to trust implicitly as an authority. \'bdI
simply meant to ask if you are one of those who <xex>swear
by<xex> Lord Verulam.\'b8 <au>Miss Edgeworth</au>.</cd> --
<col>To swear off</col>, <cd>to make a solemn vow, or a serious
resolution, to abstain from something; <as>as, <ex>to swear
off<ex> smoking</as>.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark></cs>
<hw>Swear</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter or
affirm with a solemn appeal to God for the truth of the
declaration; to make (a promise, threat, or resolve) under
oath.</def>
<q><qex>Swear</qex> unto me here by God, that thou wilt not deal
falsely with me.</q>
<qau>Gen. xxi. 23.</qau>
<q>He <qex>swore</qex> consent to your succession.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To put to an oath; to cause to
take an oath; to administer an oath to; -- ofetn followed by
<xex>in</xex> or <xex>into</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>swear</ex>
witnesses; to <ex>swear</ex> a jury; to <ex>swear</ex> in an
officer; he was <ex>sworn</ex> into office</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To declare or charge upon oath; <as>as, he
<ex>swore</ex> treason against his friend</as>.</def>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To appeal to by an oath.</def>
<q>Now, by Apollo, king,
Thou <qex>swear'st</qex> thy gods in vain.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<cs><col>To swear the peace against one</col>, <cd>to make oath
that one is under the actual fear of death or bodily harm from
the person, in which case the person must find sureties that he
will keep the peace.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swear"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who swears; one who calls God to witness for the truth
of his declaration.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A profane person; one who uses profane
language.</def>
<q>Then the liars and <qex>swearers</qex> are fools.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Swear"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from <er>Swear</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>
<q>Idle <qex>swearing</qex> is a cursedness.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Sweat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sweat</er> or
<er>Sweated</er> (<mark>Obs.</mark> <er>Swat</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sweating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>sweten</ets>, AS.
<ets>sw\'91tan</ets>, fr. <ets>sw\'bet</ets>, n., sweat; akin to
OFries. & OS. <ets>sw\'c7t</ets>, D. <ets>zweet</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sweiz</ets>, G. <ets>schweiss</ets>, Icel. <ets>sviti</ets>,
<ets>sveiti</ets>, Sw. <ets>svett</ets>, Dan. <ets>sved</ets>, L.
<ets>sudor</ets> sweat, <ets>sudare</ets> to sweat, Gr. <?/, <?/,
sweat, <?/ to sweat, Skr. <ets>sv\'c7da</ets> sweat,
<ets>svid</ets> to sweat. \'fb178. Cf. <er>Exude</er>,
<er>Sudary</er>, <er>Sudorific</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
excrete sensible moisture from the pores of the skin; to
perspire.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: To perspire in toil; to work hard; to
drudge.</def>
<q>He 'd have the poets <qex>sweat</qex>.</q>
<qau>Waller.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To emit moisture, as green plants in a
heap.</def>
<hw>Sweat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
excrete moisture from the skin; to cause to perspire; <as>as, his
physicians attempted to <ex>sweat</ex> him by most powerful
sudorifics</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To emit or suffer to flow from the pores; to
exude.</def>
<q>It made her not a drop for <qex>sweat</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>With exercise she <qex>sweat</qex> ill humors out.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To unite by heating, after the application of
soldier.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To get something advantageous, as money,
property, or labor from (any one), by exaction or oppression;
<as>as, to <ex>sweat</ex> a spendthrift; to <ex>sweat</ex>
laborers</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<cs><col>To sweat coin</col>, <cd>to remove a portion of a piece
of coin, as by shaking it with others in a bag, so that the
friction wears off a small quantity of the metal.</cd></cs>
<q>The only use of it [money] which is interdicted is to put it
in circulation again after having diminished its weight by
\'bd<qex>sweating</qex>\'b8, or otherwise, because the quantity
of metal contains is no longer consistent with its
impression.</q>
<qau>R. Cobden.</qau>
<hw>Sweat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.
<ets>swot</ets>, AS. <ets>sw\'bet</ets>. See <er>Sweat</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>
<def>The fluid which is excreted from the skin of an animal; the
fluid secreted by the sudoriferous glands; a transparent,
colorless, acid liquid with a peculiar odor, containing some
fatty acids and mineral matter; perspiration. See
<er>Perspiration</er>.</def>
<q>In the <qex>sweat</qex> of thy face shalt thou eat bread.</q>
<qau>Gen. iii. 19.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of sweating; or the state of one who
sweats; hence, labor; toil; drudgery.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Moisture issuing from any substance; <as>as, the
<ex>sweat</ex> of hay or grain in a mow or stack</as>.</def>
<au>Mortimer.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The sweating sickness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A short run by a race horse in
exercise.</def>
<cs><col>Sweat box</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a small closet
in which refractory men are confined.</cd> -- <col>Sweat
glands</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>sudoriferous glands. See
under <er>Sudoriferous</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- sweat suit. A suit comprising a top and trousers, having
full arms and legs, used while performing physical exercises,
esp. out-of-doors.
Sweat equity. The rights to a portion of ownership or profit,
hypothetically owned by a worker who participated in producing a
product, such as in improving a piece of real estate.
-->
<hw>Sweat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who sweats.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, causes to sweat</def>;
as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sudorific.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
woolen jacket or jersey worn by athletes.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>
<def>An employer who oppresses his workmen by paying low
wages.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<-- jersey worn by lots of people, not just athletes. Needs
expansion. -->
<hw>Sweat"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
sweaty manner.</def>
<hw>Sweat"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality or state of
being sweaty.</def>
<hw>Sweat"ing</hw>, <def><pos>a. & n.</pos> from <er>Sweat</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Sweating bath</col>, <cd>a bath producing sensible
sweat; a stove or sudatory.</cd> -- <col>Sweating house</col>,
<cd>a house for sweating persons in sickness.</cd> --
<col>Sweating iron</col>, <cd>a kind of knife, or a piece of
iron, used to scrape off sweat, especially from horses; a horse
scraper.</cd> -- <col>Sweating room</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A
room for sweating persons.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Dairying)</fld> <cd>A room for sweating cheese and carrying
off the superfluous juices.</cd> -- <col>Sweating sickness</col>
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a febrile epidemic disease which prevailed
in some countries of Europe, but particularly in England, in the
fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, characterized by profuse
sweating. Death often occured in a few hours.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sweat"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sweatier</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sweatiest</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Moist with sweat; <as>as, a <ex>sweaty</ex> skin; a
<ex>sweaty</ex> garment.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of sweat; of the nature of
sweat.</def>
<q>No noisome whiffs or <qex>sweaty</qex> streams.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Causing sweat; hence, laborious; toilsome;
difficult.</def> \'bdThe <xex>sweaty</xex> forge.\'b8
<au>Prior.</au>
<hw>Swede</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>Schwede</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native or
inhabitant of Sweden.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Swedish turnip. See under
<er>Turnip</er>.</def>
<hw>Swe`den*bor"gi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who holds the doctrines of the New Jerusalem church, as taught by
Emanuel <xex>Swedenborg</xex>, a Swedish philosopher and
religious writer, who was born <sc>a. d.</sc> 1688 and died 1772.
Swedenborg claimed to have intercourse with the spiritual world,
through the opening of his spiritual senses in 1745. He taught
that the Lord Jesus Christ, as comprehending in himself all the
fullness of the Godhead, is the one only God, and that there is a
spiritual sense to the Scriptures, which he (Swedenborg) was able
to reveal, because he saw the correspondence between natural and
spiritual things.</def>
<hw>Swe`den*bor"gi*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining
to Swedenborg or his views.</def>
<hw>Swe`den*bor"gi*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>The doctrines of the Swedenborgians.</def>
<hw>Swed"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>schwedisch</ets>, Sw. <ets>svensk</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to Sweden or its inhabitants.</def>
<cs><col>Swedish turnip</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Turnip</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swed"ish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The language of
Swedes.</def>
<hw>Swee"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Far.)</fld>
<def>An atrophy of the muscles of the shoulder in horses; also,
atrophy of any muscle in horses.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>swinney</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Sweep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swept</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sweeping</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[OE. <ets>swepen</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>sw\'bepan</ets>.
See <er>Swoop</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
pass a broom across (a surface) so as to remove loose dirt, dust,
etc.; to brush, or rub over, with a broom for the purpose of
cleaning; <as>as, to <ex>sweep</ex> a floor, the street, or a
chimney</as>. Used also figuratively.</def>
<q>I will <qex>sweep</qex> it with the besom of destruction.</q>
<qau>Isa. xiv. 23.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To drive or carry along or off with a broom or a
brush, or as if with a broom; to remove by, or as if by,
brushing; <as>as, to <ex>sweep</ex> dirt from a floor; the wind
<ex>sweeps</ex> the snow from the hills; a freshet
<ex>sweeps</ex> away a dam, timber, or rubbish; a pestilence
<ex>sweeps</ex> off multitudes.</as></def>
<q>The hail shall <qex>sweep</qex> away the refuge of lies.</q>
<qau>Isa. xxviii. 17.</qau>
<q>I have already <qex>swept</qex> the stakes.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To brush against or over; to rub lightly
along.</def>
<q>Their long descending train,
With rubies edged and sapphires, <qex>swept</qex> the plain.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To carry with a long, swinging, or dragging
motion; hence, to carry in a stately or proud fashion.</def>
<q>And like a peacock <qex>sweep</qex> along his tail.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To strike with a long stroke.</def>
<q>Wake into voice each silent string,
And <qex>sweep</qex> the sounding lyre.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To draw or drag something
over; <as>as, to <ex>sweep</ex> the bottom of a river with a
net</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To pass over, or traverse, with the eye or with
an instrument of observation; <as>as, to <ex>sweep</ex> the
heavens with a telescope</as>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>To sweep, <or/ sweep up</col>, <col>a
mold</col></mcol> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>to form the sand
into a mold by a templet, instead of compressing it around the
pattern.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sweep</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
clean rooms, yards, etc., or to clear away dust, dirt, litter,
etc., with a broom, brush, or the like.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To brush swiftly over the surface of anything;
to pass with switness and force, as if brushing the surface of
anything; to move in a stately manner; <as>as, the wind
<ex>sweeps</ex> across the plain; a woman <ex>sweeps</ex> through
a drawing-room.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass over anything comprehensively; to range
through with rapidity; <as>as, his eye <ex>sweeps</ex> through
space</as>.</def>
<hw>Sweep</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
sweeping.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The compass or range of a stroke; <as>as, a long
<ex>sweep</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The compass of any turning body or of any
motion; <as>as, the <ex>sweep</ex> of a door; the <ex>sweep</ex>
of the eye</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The compass of anything flowing or brushing;
<as>as, the flood carried away everything within its
<ex>sweep</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Violent and general destruction; <as>as, the
<ex>sweep</ex> of an epidemic disease</as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Direction and extent of any motion not
rectlinear; <as>as, the <ex>sweep</ex> of a compass</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Direction or departure of a curve, a road, an
arch, or the like, away from a rectlinear line.</def>
<q>The road which makes a small <qex>sweep</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>One who sweeps; a sweeper; specifically, a
chimney sweeper.</def>
<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A movable templet for
making molds, in loam molding.</def>
<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The mold of a
ship when she begins to curve in at the rungheads; any part of a
ship shaped in a segment of a circle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
large oar used in small vessels, partly to propel them and partly
to steer them.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Refining)</fld> <def>The almond furnace.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>12.</sn> <def>A long pole, or piece of timber, moved on a
horizontal fulcrum fixed to a tall post and used to raise and
lower a bucket in a well for drawing water.</def>
<altsp>[Variously written <asp>swape</asp>, <asp>sweep</asp>,
<asp>swepe</asp>, and <asp>swipe</asp>.]</altsp>
<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>In the game of
casino, a pairing or combining of all the cards on the board, and
so removing them all; in whist, the winning of all the tricks
(thirteen) in a hand; a slam.</def>
<sn>14.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The sweeping of workshops
where precious metals are worked, containing filings, etc.</def>
<cs><col>Sweep net</col>, <cd>a net for drawing over a large
compass.</cd> -- <col>Sweep of the tiller</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a circular frame on which the tiller
traverses.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sweep"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The crop of
hay got in a meadow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sweep"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, sweeps, or cleans by sweeping; a sweep; <as>as, a
carpet <ex>sweeper</ex></as>.</def>
<q>It is oxygen which is the great <qex>sweeper</qex> of the
economy.</q>
<qau>Huxley.</qau>
<hw>Sweep"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cleaning off surfaces, or
cleaning away dust, dirt, or litter, as a broom does; moving with
swiftness and force; carrying everything before it; including in
its scope many persons or things; <as>as, a <ex>sweeping</ex>
flood; a <ex>sweeping</ex> majority; a <ex>sweeping</ex>
accusation.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sweep"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -<wf>Sweep"ing*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<-- should be separate senses -->
<hw>Sweep"ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>Things
collected by sweeping; rubbish; <as>as, the <ex>sweepings</ex> of
a street</as>.</def>
<hw>Sweep"-saw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
bow-saw.</def>
<hw>Sweep"stake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A winning of all the stakes or prizes.</def>
<au>Heylin.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A complete removal or carrying away; a clean
sweep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hacket.</au>
<hw>Sweep"stakes`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>A winning of all the stakes or prizes; a sweepstake.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pos>sing. <or/ pl.</pos> <def>The whole money or
other things staked at a horse race, a given sum being put up for
each horse, all of which goes to the winner, or is divided among
several, as may be previously agreed.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A race for all the sums staked or prizes
offered.</def>
<hw>Sweep"wash`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
extracts the residuum of precious metals from the sweepings,
potsherds, etc., of refineries of gold and silver, or places
where these metals are used.</def>
<hw>Sweep"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moving with a
sweeping motion.</def>
<q>The branches bend before their <qex>sweepy</qex> away.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<-- p. 1458 -->
<hw>Sweet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Sweeter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Sweetest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>swete</ets>, <ets>swote</ets>, <ets>sote</ets>, AS.
<ets>sw\'c7te</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>sw\'c7te</ets>, OS.
<ets>sw\'d3ti</ets>, D. <ets>zoet</ets>, G. <ets>s\'81ss</ets>,
OHG. <ets>suozi</ets>, Icel. <ets>s\'91tr</ets>,
<ets>s\'d2tr</ets>, Sw. <ets>s\'94t</ets>, Dan.
<ets>s\'94d</ets>, Goth. <ets>suts</ets>, L. <ets>suavis</ets>,
for <ets>suadvis</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>sv\'bedu</ets> sweet,
<ets>svad</ets>, <ets>sv\'bed</ets>, to sweeten. \'fb175. Cf.
<er>Assuage</er>, <er>Suave</er>, <er>Suasion</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having an agreeable taste or flavor such as that
of sugar; saccharine; -- opposed to <xex>sour</xex> and
<xex>bitter</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>sweet</ex> beverage;
<ex>sweet</ex> fruits; <ex>sweet</ex> oranges.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pleasing to the smell; fragrant; redolent;
balmy; <as>as, a <ex>sweet</ex> rose; <ex>sweet</ex> odor;
<ex>sweet</ex> incense.</as></def>
<q>The breath of these flowers is <qex>sweet</qex> to me.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pleasing to the ear; soft; melodious;
harmonious; <as>as, the <ex>sweet</ex> notes of a flute or an
organ; <ex>sweet</ex> music; a <ex>sweet</ex> voice; a
<ex>sweet</ex> singer.</as></def>
<q>To make his English <qex>sweet</qex> upon his tongue.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>A voice <qex>sweet</qex>, tremulous, but powerful.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Pleasing to the eye; beautiful; mild and
attractive; fair; <as>as, a <ex>sweet</ex> face; a <ex>sweet</ex>
color or complexion.</as></def>
<q><qex>Sweet</qex> interchange
Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Fresh; not salt or brackish; <as>as,
<ex>sweet</ex> water</as>.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Not changed from a sound or wholesome state.
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> Not sour; <as>as, <ex>sweet</ex> milk
or bread</as>. <sd>(b)</sd> Not state; not putrescent or putrid;
not rancid; <as>as, <ex>sweet</ex> butter; <ex>sweet</ex> meat or
fish</as>.</def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>Plaesing to the mind; mild; gentle; calm;
amiable; winning; presuasive; <as>as, <ex>sweet</ex>
manners</as>.</def>
<q>Canst thou bind the <qex>sweet</qex> influence of
Pleiades?</q>
<qau>Job xxxviii. 31.</qau>
<q>Mildness and <qex>sweet</qex> reasonableness is the one
established rule of Christian working.</q>
<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>
<note><hand/ <xex>Sweet</xex> is often used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>sweet</xex>-blossomed,
<xex>sweet</xex>-featured, <xex>sweet</xex>-smelling,
<xex>sweet</xex>-tempered, <xex>sweet</xex>-toned, etc.</note>
<cs><col>Sweet alyssum</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Alyssum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sweet apple</col>.
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any apple of sweet
flavor.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See <er>Sweet-top</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sweet bay</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The
laurel (<spn>laurus nobilis</spn>).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Swamp
sassafras.</cd> -- <col>Sweet calabash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Passiflora</spn> (<spn>P.
maliformis</spn>) growing in the West Indies, and producing a
roundish, edible fruit, the size of an apple.</cd> -- <col>Sweet
cicely</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Either of the
North American plants of the umbelliferous genus
<spn>Osmorrhiza</spn> having aromatic roots and seeds, and white
flowers.</cd> <au>Gray</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A plant of the
genus <spn>Myrrhis</spn> (<spn>M. odorata</spn>) growing in
England.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sweet calamus</col>, <or/ <col>Sweet
cane</col></mcol>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Sweet
flag</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Sweet Cistus</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an evergreen shrub (<spn>Cistus
Ladanum</spn>) from which the gum ladanum is obtained.</cd> --
<col>Sweet clover</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See
<er>Melilot</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sweet coltsfoot</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of butterbur (<spn>Petasites
sagittata</spn>) found in Western North America.</cd> --
<col>Sweet corn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the
maize of a sweet taste. See the Note under <er>Corn</er>.</cd> --
<col>Sweet fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small North
American shrub (<spn>Comptonia, <or/ Myrica, asplenifolia</spn>)
having sweet-scented or aromatic leaves resembling fern
leaves.</cd> -- <col>Sweet flag</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an
endogenous plant (<spn>Acorus Calamus</spn>) having long flaglike
leaves and a rootstock of a pungent aromatic taste. It is found
in wet places in Europe and America. See <er>Calamus</er>,
2.</cd> -- <col>Sweet gale</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a shrub
(<spn>Myrica Gale</spn>) having bitter fragrant leaves; -- also
called <altname>sweet willow</altname>, and <altname>Dutch
myrtle</altname>. See 5th <er>Gale</er>.</cd> <col>Sweet
grass</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>holy, or Seneca,
grass.</cd> -- <col>Sweet gum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an
American tree (<spn>Liquidambar styraciflua</spn>). See
<er>Liquidambar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sweet herbs</col>,
<cd>fragrant herbs cultivated for culinary purposes.</cd> --
<col>Sweet John</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the
sweet William.</cd> -- <col>Sweet leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,
<cd>horse sugar. See under <er>Horse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sweet
marjoram</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Marjoram</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Sweet marten</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pine
marten.</cd> -- <col>Sweet maudlin</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a
composite plant (<spn>Achillea Ageratum</spn>) allied to
milfoil.</cd> -- <col>Sweet oil</col>, <cd>olive oil.</cd> --
<col>Sweet pea</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Pea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sweet potato</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>Potato</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sweet rush</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>sweet flag.</cd> -- <col>Sweet spirits of
niter</col> <fld>(Med. Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Spirit of
nitrous ether</cref>, under <er>Spirit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sweet
sultan</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an annual composite plant
(<spn>Centaurea moschata</spn>), also, the yellow-flowered
(<spn>C. odorata</spn>); -- called also <altname>sultan
flower</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sweet tooth</col>, <cd>an especial
fondness for sweet things or for sweetmeats.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Sweet William</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A species of pink (<spn>Dianthus
barbatus</spn>) of many varieties.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>The willow warbler.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>The European goldfinch; -- called also
<altname>sweet Billy</altname>.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> --
<col>Sweet willow</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>sweet gale.</cd>
-- <col>Sweet wine</col>. <cd>See <cref>Dry wine</cref>, under
<er>Dry</er>.</cd> -- <col>To be sweet on</col>, <cd>to have a
particular fondness for, or special interest in, as a young man
for a young woman.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Thackeray</au>.</cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Sugary; saccharine; dulcet; luscious.</syn>
<hw>Sweet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That
which is sweet to the taste; -- used chiefly in the plural.</def>
Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Confectionery, sweetmeats,
preserves, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Home-made wines,
cordials, metheglin, etc.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is sweet or pleasant in odor; a
perfume.</def> \'bdA wilderness of <xex>sweets</xex>.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is pleasing or grateful to the mind;
<as>as, the <ex>sweets</ex> of domestic life</as>.</def>
<q>A little bitter mingled in our cup leaves no relish of the
<qex>sweet</qex>.</q>
<qau>Locke.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who is dear to another; a darling; -- a term
of endearment.</def> \'bdWherefore frowns my
<xex>sweet</xex>?\'b8
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Sweet</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Sweetly.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sweet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To sweeten.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Udall.</au>
<hw>Sweet"bread`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Either the thymus gland or the pancreas, the former being
called <stype>neck, <or/ throat, sweetbread</stype>, the latter
<stype>belly sweetbread</stype>. The sweetbreads of ruminants,
esp. of the calf, are highly esteemed as food. See
<er>Pancreas</er>, and <er>Thymus</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The pancreas.</def>
<hw>Sweet"-breast`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
a sweet, musical voice, as the nightingale. Cf. <er>Breast</er>,
<pos>n.</pos>, 6.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sweet"bri`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of rose (<spn>Rosa
rubiginosa</spn>) with minutely glandular and fragrant foliage.
The small-flowered sweetbrier is <spn>Rosa micrantha</spn>.</def>
<hw>Sweet"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sweetened</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sweetening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Sweet</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make sweet to the taste;
<as>as, to <ex>sweeten</ex> tea</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make pleasing or grateful to the mind or
feelings; <as>as, to <ex>sweeten</ex> life; to <ex>sweeten</ex>
friendship</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make mild or kind; to soften; <as>as, to
<ex>sweeten</ex> the temper</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make less painful or laborious; to relieve;
<as>as, to <ex>sweeten</ex> the cares of life</as>.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>And <qex>sweeten</qex> every secret tear.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To soften to the eye; to make delicate.</def>
<q>Correggio has made his memory immortal by the strength he has
given to his figures, and by <qex>sweetening</qex> his lights and
shadows, and melting them into each other.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To make pure and salubrious by destroying
noxious matter; <as>as, to <ex>sweeten</ex> rooms or apartments
that have been infected; to <ex>sweeten</ex> the air.</as></def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To make warm and fertile; -- opposed to
<xex>sour</xex>; <as>as, to dry and <ex>sweeten</ex>
soils</as>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To restore to purity; to free from taint;
<as>as, to <ex>sweeten</ex> water, butter, or meat</as>.</def>
<-- 9. To make more attractive; -- said of offers in
negotiations, as, to sweeten the deal by increasing the price
offered. -->
<hw>Sweet"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become sweet.</def>
<au>Bacon.</au>
<hw>Sweet"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or
that which, sweetens; one who palliates; that which moderates
acrimony.</def>
<hw>Sweet"en*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
making sweet.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which sweetens.</def>
<hw>Sweet"heart`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A lover of
mistress.</def>
<hw>Sweet"heart`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Making love.</def>
\'bdTo play at <xex>sweethearting</xex>.\'b8
<au>W. Black.</au>
<hw>Sweet"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sweet
apple.</def>
<au>Ascham.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A darling; -- a word of endearment.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sweet"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat
sweet.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Sweet"ish*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Sweet"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sw\'c7tlice</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a sweet manner.</def>
<hw>Sweet"meat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Fruit preserved with sugar, as peaches, pears, melons, nuts,
orange peel, etc.; -- usually in the plural; a confect; a
confection.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The paint used in making patent leather.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A boat shell
(<spn>Crepidula fornicata</spn>) of the American coast.</def>
<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Sweet"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sw\'c7tness</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being
sweet (in any sense of the adjective); gratefulness to the taste
or to the smell; agreeableness.</def>
<hw>Sweet"root`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Licorice.</def>
<hw>Sweet"-scent`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having
a sweet scent or smell; fragrant.</def>
<cs><col>Sweet-scented shrub</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a shrub
of the genus <spn>Calycanthus</spn>, the flowers of which, when
crushed, have a fragrance resembling that of
strawberries.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sweet"-sop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of custard apple (<spn>Anona
squamosa</spn>). See under <er>Custard</er>.</def>
<hw>Sweet"wa`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of white grape, having a sweet
watery juice; -- also called <altname>white sweetwater</altname>,
and <altname>white muscadine</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sweet"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name for two tropical American weeds
(<spn>Capraria biflora</spn>, and <spn>Scoparia dulcis</spn>) of
the Figwort family.</def>
<hw>Sweet"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The true laurel (<spn>Laurus
nobilis</spn>.)</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The timber of the tree
<spn>Oreodaphne Leucoxylon</spn>, growing in Jamaica. The name is
also applied to the timber of several other related trees.</def>
<hw>Sweet"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any plant
of a sweet taste.</def>
<hw>Sweigh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sway;
movement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Swein"mote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Swainmote</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Swell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Swelled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Swelled</er> or <er>Swollen</er>
<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>swellan</ets>;
akin to D. <ets>zwellen</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>swellan</ets>, G.
<ets>schwellen</ets>, Icel. <ets>svella</ets>, Sw.
<ets>sv\'84lla</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grow larger; to
dilate or extend the exterior surface or dimensions, by matter
added within, or by expansion of the inclosed substance; <as>as,
the legs <ex>swell</ex> in dropsy; a bruised part
<ex>swells</ex>; a bladder <ex>swells</ex> by
inflation.</as></def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To increase in size or extent by any addition;
to increase in volume or force; <as>as, a river <ex>swells</ex>,
and overflows its banks; sounds <ex>swell</ex> or
diminish.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To rise or be driven into waves or billows; to
heave; <as>as, in tempest, the ocean <ex>swells</ex> into
waves</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be puffed up or bloated; <as>as, to
<ex>swell</ex> with pride</as>.</def>
<q>You <qex>swell</qex> at the tartan, as the bull is said to do
at scarlet.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be inflated; to belly; <as>as, the sails
<ex>swell</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>To be turgid, bombastic, or extravagant; <as>as,
<ex>swelling</ex> words; a <ex>swelling</ex> style.</as></def>
<sn>7.</sn> <def>To protuberate; to bulge out; <as>as, a cask
<ex>swells</ex> in the middle</as>.</def>
<sn>8.</sn> <def>To be elated; to rise arrogantly.</def>
<q>Your equal mind yet <qex>swells</qex> not into state.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>9.</sn> <def>To grow upon the view; to become larger; to
expand.</def> \'bdMonarchs to behold the <xex>swelling</xex>
scene!\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>10.</sn> <def>To become larger in amount; <as>as, many little
debts added, <ex>swell</ex> to a great amount</as>.</def>
<sn>11.</sn> <def>To act in a pompous, ostentatious, or arrogant
manner; to strut; to look big.</def>
<q>Here he comes, <qex>swelling</qex> like a turkey cock.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Swell</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To increase the
size, bulk, or dimensions of; to cause to rise, dilate, or
increase; <as>as, rains and dissolving snow <ex>swell</ex> the
rivers in spring; immigration <ex>swells</ex> the
population</as>.</def>
<q>[The Church] <qex>swells</qex> her high, heart-cheering
tone.</q>
<qau>Keble.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To aggravate; to heighten.</def>
<q>It is low ebb with his accuser when such peccadilloes are put
to <qex>swell</qex> the charge.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To raise to arrogance; to puff up; to inflate;
<as>as, to be <ex>swelled</ex> with pride or
haughtiness</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To augment gradually in force
or loudness, as the sound of a note.</def>
<hw>Swell</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
swelling.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gradual increase.</def> Specifically:
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Increase or augmentation in bulk;
protuberance.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Increase in height;
elevation; rise.</def>
<q>Little River affords navigation during a <qex>swell</qex> to
within three miles of the Miami.</q>
<qau>Jefferson.</qau>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Increase of force, intensity, or volume of
sound.</def>
<q>Music arose with its voluptuous <qex>swell</qex>.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Increase of power in style, or of rhetorical
force.</def>
<q>The <qex>swell</qex> and subsidence of his periods.</q>
<qau>Landor.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A gradual ascent, or rounded elevation, of land;
<as>as, an extensive plain abounding with little
<ex>swells</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A wave, or billow; especially, a succession of
large waves; the roll of the sea after a storm; <as>as, a heavy
<ex>swell</ex> sets into the harbor</as>.</def>
<q>The <qex>swell</qex>
Of the long waves that roll in yonder bay.</q>
<qau>Tennyson.</qau>
<q>The gigantic <qex>swells</qex> and billows of the snow.</q>
<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A gradual increase and
decrease of the volume of sound; the crescendo and diminuendo
combined; -- generally indicated by the sign.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>A showy, dashing person; a dandy.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<cs><col>Ground swell</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ground</er>.</cd>
-- <col>Organ swell</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a certain number
of pipes inclosed in a box, the uncovering of which by means of a
pedal produces increased sound.</cd> -- <col>Swell shark</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small shark (<spn>Scyllium
ventricosum</spn>) of the west coast of North America, which
takes in air when caught, and swells up like a
swellfish.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swell</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the characteristics of
a person of rank and importance; showy; dandified; distinguished;
<as>as, a <ex>swell</ex> person; a <ex>swell</ex>
neighborhood.</as></def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<cs><col>Swell mob</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mob</er>.</cd>
<mark>[Slang]</mark></cs>
<hw>Swell"dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>People of
rank and fashion; the class of swells, collectively.</def>
<mark>[Jocose]</mark>
<hw>Swell"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any plectognath fish that dilates
itself, as the bur fish, puffer, or diodon.</def>
<hw>Swell"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
that which swells; <as>as, the <ex>swelling</ex> of rivers in
spring; the <ex>swelling</ex> of the breast with
pride.</as></def>
<q>Rise to the <qex>swelling</qex> of the voiceless sea.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A protuberance; a prominence</def>; especially
<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>an unnatural prominence or protuberance;
<as>as, a scrofulous <ex>swelling</ex></as>.</def>
<q>The superficies of such plates are not even, but have many
cavities and <qex>swellings</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>
<hw>Swell"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dandified; stylish.</def>
<mark>[Slang]</mark>
<hw>Swell"toad`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A swellfish.</def>
<hw>Swelt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Swell</er>.</def>
<hw>Swelt</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>swelten</ets> to
die, to swoon or faint, AS. <ets>sweltan</ets> to die; akin to
OD. <ets>swelten</ets> to hunger, to fail, OS. <ets>sweltan</ets>
to die, Icel. <ets>svelta</ets> to die, to hunger, Sw.
<ets>sv\'84lta</ets> to hunger, Dan. <ets>sulte</ets>, Goth.
<ets>sviltan</ets> to die. Cf. <er>Swelter</er>,
<er>Sweltry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To die; to
perish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To faint; to swoon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<q>Night she <qex>swelt</qex> for passing joy.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<hw>Swelt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To overpower, as with heat;
to cause to faint; to swelter.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<hw>Swel"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sweltered</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Sweltering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Swelt</er>,
<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be overcome and faint
with heat; to be ready to perish with heat.</def>
\'bd<xex>Sweltered</xex> cattle.\'b8
<au>Coleridge.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To welter; to soak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Swel"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To oppress
with heat.</def>
<au>Bentley.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exude, like sweat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Swel"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Swelter</er>, <er>Swelt</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Sultry</er>.]</ety> <def>Suffocating with heat; oppressively
hot; sultry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Evelyn.</au>
<hw>Swel"ve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
swallow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Swept</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Sweep</er>.</def>
<hw>Swerd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sward</er>, <pos>n. & v.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Swerd</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sword.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Swerve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swerved</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swerving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>swerven</ets>, AS.
<ets>sweorfan</ets> to wipe off, to file, to polish; akin to
OFries. <ets>swerva</ets> to creep, D. <ets>zwerven</ets> to
swerve, to rope, OS. <ets>swerban</ets> to wipe off, MHG.
<ets>swerben</ets> to be whirled, OHG. <ets>swerban</ets> to wipe
off, Icel. <ets>sverfa</ets> to file, Goth.
<ets>swa\'a1rban</ets> (in comp.) to wipe, and perhaps to E.
<ets>swarm</ets>. Cf. <er>Swarm</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
stray; to wander; to rope.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>A maid thitherward did run,
To catch her sparrow which from her did <qex>swerve</qex>.</q>
<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To go out of a straight line; to deflect.</def>
\'bdThe point [of the sword] <xex>swerved</xex>.\'b8
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To wander from any line prescribed, or from a
rule or duty; to depart from what is established by law, duty,
custom, or the like; to deviate.</def>
<q>I <qex>swerve</qex> not from thy commandments.</q>
<qau>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</qau>
<q>They <qex>swerve</qex> from the strict letter of the law.</q>
<qau>Clarendon.</qau>
<q>Many who, through the contagion of evil example,
<qex>swerve</qex> exceedingly from the rules of their holy
religion.</q>
<qau>Atterbury.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To bend; to incline.</def> \'bdThe battle
<xex>swerved</xex>.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To climb or move upward by winding or
turning.</def>
<q>The tree was high;
Yet nimbly up from bough to bough I <qex>swerved</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Swerve</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To turn aside.</def>
<au>Gauden.</au>
<hw>Swe"ven</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>swefen</ets> sleep, dream; akin to <ets>swebban</ets>,
<ets>swefian</ets>, to put to sleep, to kill. \'fb176. See
<er>Somnolent</er>.]</ety> <def>A vision seen in sleep; a
dream.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Wycliff (Acts ii. 17).</au>
<q>I defy both <qex>sweven</qex> and dream.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Swich</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Such</er>.]</ety> <def>Such.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Swich</qex> things as that I know I will declare.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Swie*te"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
Named after Gerard Van <ets>Sweiten</ets>, physician to Maria
Theresa of Austria.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of
meliaceous trees consisting of one species (<spn>Sweitenia
Mahogoni</spn>), the mahogany tree.</def>
<hw>Swift</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Swifter</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Swiftest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.
<ets>swift</ets>; akin to <ets>sw\'bepan</ets> to sweep,
<ets>swipu</ets> a whip; cf. <ets>sw\'c6fan</ets> to move
quickly, to revolve. See <er>Swoop</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and
cf. <er>Swivel</er>, <er>Squib</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Moving a great distance in a short time; moving with
celerity or velocity; fleet; rapid; quick; speedy; prompt.</def>
<q>My beloved brethren, let every man be <qex>swift</qex> to
hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath.</q>
<qau>James i. 19.</qau>
<q><qex>Swift</qex> of dispatch and easy of access.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>And bring upon themselves <qex>swift</qex> destruction.</q>
<qau>2 Pet. ii. 1.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> Of short continuance; passing away quickly.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<note><hand/ <xex>Swift</xex> is often used in the formation of
compounds which are generally self-explaining; as,
<xex>swift</xex>-darting, <xex>swift</xex>-footed,
<xex>swift</xex>-winged, etc.</note>
<syn>Syn. -- Quick; fleet; speedy; rapid; expeditious.</syn>
<hw>Swift</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Swiftly.</def> <mark>[Obs.
or Poetic]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<q>Ply <qex>swift</qex> and strong the oar.</q>
<qau>Southey.</qau>
<hw>Swift</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The current of a
stream.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Walton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous
species of small, long-winged, insectivorous birds of the family
<spn>Micropodid\'91</spn>. In form and habits the swifts resemble
swallows, but they are destitute of complex vocal muscles and are
not singing birds, but belong to a widely different group allied
to the humming birds.</def>
<note><hand/ The common European swift (<spn>Cypselus, <or/
Micropus, apus</spn>) nests in church steeples and under the
tiles of roofs, and is noted for its rapid flight and shrill
screams. It is called also <altname>black martin</altname>,
<altname>black swift</altname>, <altname>hawk swallow</altname>,
<altname>devil bird</altname>, <altname>swingdevil</altname>,
<altname>screech martin</altname>, and <altname>shreik
owl</altname>. The common American, or chimney, swift
(<spn>Ch\'91tura pelagica</spn>) has sharp rigid tips to the tail
feathers. It attaches its nest to the inner walls of chimneys,
and is called also <altname>chimney swallow</altname>. The
Australian swift (<spn>Ch\'91tura caudacuta</spn>) also has sharp
naked tips to the tail quills. The European Alpine swift
(<spn>Cypselus melba</spn>) is whitish beneath, with a white band
across the breast. The common Indian swift is <spn>Cypselus
affinis</spn>. See also <cref>Palm swift</cref>, under
<er>Palm</er>, and <cref>Tree swift</cref>, under
<er>Tree</er>.</note>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species
of lizards, as the pine lizard.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ghost moth. See under
<er>Ghost</er>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Swivel</er>.]</ety> <def>A reel, or
turning instrument, for winding yarn, thread, etc.; -- used
chiefly in the plural.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>The main card cylinder of a flax-carding
machine.</def>
<-- p. 1459 -->
<hw>Swift"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Swivel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A
rope used to retain the bars of the capstan in their sockets
while men are turning it.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A rope used to
encircle a boat longitudinally, to strengthen and defend her
sides.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The forward shroud of a lower
mast.</def>
<hw>Swift"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To
tighten, as slack standing rigging, by bringing the opposite
shrouds nearer.</def>
<hw>Swift"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Nimble;
fleet.</def>
<au>Mir. for Mag.</au>
<hw>Swift"foot`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>The courser.</def>
<hw>Swift"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small
East Indian and Asiatic swifts of the genus
<spn>Collocalia</spn>. Some of the species are noted for
furnishing the edible bird's nest. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under
<er>Edible</er>.</def>
<hw>Swift"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a swift manner; with
quick motion or velocity; fleetly.</def>
<au>Wyclif.</au>
<hw>Swift"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of
being swift; speed; quickness; celerity; velocity; rapidity;
<as>as, the <ex>swiftness</ex> of a bird; the <ex>swiftness</ex>
of a stream; <ex>swiftness</ex> of descent in a falling body;
<ex>swiftness</ex> of thought, etc.</as></def>
<hw>Swig</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.
<ets>zwelgen</ets> to swallow, E. <ets>swallow</ets>, v.t.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To drink in long draughts; to gulp; <as>as, to
<ex>swig</ex> cider</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To suck.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>
<q>The lambkins <qex>swig</qex> the teat.</q>
<qau>Creech.</qau>
<hw>Swig</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long
draught.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Marryat.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A tackle with ropes which are
not parallel.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A beverage consisting of warm beer flavored with
spices, lemon, etc.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swig</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E.
<ets>swig</ets> to leak out, AS. <ets>sw\'c6jian</ets> to be
silent, <ets>sw\'c6can</ets> to evade, escape.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To castrate, as a ram, by binding the testicles tightly with
a string, so that they mortify and slough off.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To pull upon (a tackle) by
throwing the weight of the body upon the fall between the block
and a cleat.</def>
<hw>Swill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swilled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>swilen</ets> to
wash, AS. <ets>swilian</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To wash; to
drench.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>As fearfully as doth a galled rock
O'erhang and jutty his confounded base,
<qex>Swilled</qex> with the wild and wasteful ocean.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Properly, to drink like a pig. See
<er>Swill</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To drink in great
draughts; to swallow greedily.</def>
<q>Well-dressed people, of both sexes, . . . devouring sliced
beef, and <qex>swilling</qex> pork, and punch, and cider.</q>
<qau>Smollett.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To inebriate; to fill with drink.</def>
<q>I should be loth
To meet the rudeness and <qex>swilled</qex> insolence
Of such late wassailers.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Swill</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To drink greedily or
swinishly; to drink to excess.</def>
<au>South.</au>
<hw>Swill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The wash, or
mixture of liquid substances, given to swine; hogwash; -- called
also <altname>swillings</altname>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Large draughts of liquor; drink taken in
excessive quantities.</def>
<hw>Swill"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
swills.</def>
<hw>Swill"ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See
<er>Swill</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</def>
<hw>Swim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Swam</er> <pr>(?)</pr> or
<er>Swum</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Swum</er>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Swimming</er>.]</wordforms>
<ety>[AS. <ets>swimman</ets>; akin to D. <ets>zwemmen</ets>, OHG.
<ets>swimman</ets>, G. <ets>schwimmen</ets>, Icel.
<ets>svimma</ets>, Dan. <ets>sw\'94mme</ets>, Sw.
<ets>simma</ets>. Cf. <er>Sound</er> an air bladder, a
strait.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be supported by water or other
fluid; not to sink; to float; <as>as, any substance will
<ex>swim</ex>, whose specific gravity is less than that of the
fluid in which it is immersed</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move progressively in water by means of
strokes with the hands and feet, or the fins or the tail.</def>
<q>Leap in with me into this angry flood,
And <qex>swim</qex> to yonder point.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be overflowed or drenched.</def>
<au>Ps. vi. 6.</au>
<q>Sudden the ditches swell, the meadows <qex>swim</qex>.</q>
<qau>Thomson.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: To be as if borne or floating in a
fluid.</def>
<q>[They] now <qex>swim</qex> in joy.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be filled with swimming animals.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>[Streams] that <qex>swim</qex> full of small fishes.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Swim</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pass or move
over or on by swimming; <as>as, to <ex>swim</ex> a
stream</as>.</def>
<q>Sometimes he thought to <qex>swim</qex> the stormy main.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause or compel to swim; to make to float;
<as>as, to <ex>swim</ex> a horse across a river</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To immerse in water that the lighter parts may
float; <as>as, to <ex>swim</ex> wheat in order to select
seed</as>.</def>
<hw>Swim</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of
swimming; a gliding motion, like that of one swimming.</def>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sound, or air bladder, of a fish.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A part of a stream much frequented by
fish.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<cs><col>Swim bladder</col>, <cd>an air bladder of a fish.</cd>
-- <col>To be in the swim</col>, <cd>to be in a favored position;
to be associated with others in active affairs.</cd>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Swim</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>swime</ets>
dizziness, vertigo, AS. <ets>sw\'c6ma</ets>; akin to D.
<ets>zwijm</ets>, Icel. <ets>svimi</ets> dizziness,
<ets>svina</ets> to subside, <ets>sv\'c6a</ets> to abate, G.
<ets>schwindel</ets> dizziness, <ets>schwinden</ets> to
disappear, to dwindle, OHG. <ets>sw\'c6nan</ets> to dwindle. Cf.
<er>Squemish</er>, <er>Swindler</er>.]</ety> <def>To be dizzy; to
have an unsteady or reeling sensation; <as>as, the head
<ex>swims</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Swim"bel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <def>A moaning or sighing sound or noise; a
sough.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Swim"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who swims.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A protuberance on the leg of a
horse.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A swimming bird; one of
the natatores.</def>
<cs><col>Little swimmer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
phalarope.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swim"mer*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a series of flat, fringed, and
usually bilobed, appendages, of which several pairs occur on the
abdominal somites of many crustaceans. They are used as fins in
swimming.</def>
<hw>Swim"ming</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>That swims; capable of swimming; adapted to, or used in,
swimming; <as>as, a <ex>swimming</ex> bird; a <ex>swimming</ex>
motion</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Suffused with moisture; <as>as,
<ex>swimming</ex> eyes</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Swimming bell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
nectocalyx. See <xex>Illust<xex>. under
<er>Siphonophora</er>.</cd> -- <col>Swimming crab</col>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of marine
crabs, as those of the family <spn>Protunid\'91</spn>, which have
some of the joints of one or more pairs of legs flattened so as
to serve as fins.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swim"ming</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of one who
swims.</def>
<hw>Swim"ming</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Swim</er> to be
dizzy.]</ety> <def>Being in a state of vertigo or dizziness;
<as>as, a <ex>swimming</ex> brain</as>.</def>
<hw>Swim"ming</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vertigo; dizziness;
<as>as, a <ex>swimming</ex> in the head</as>.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Swim"ming*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an easy, gliding
manner, as if swimming; smoothly; successfully;
prosperously.</def>
<hw>Swim"ming*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act or state of
swimming; suffusion.</def> \'bdA <xex>swimmingness</xex> in the
eye.\'b8
<au>Congreve.</au>
<hw>Swinck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. & n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Swink</er>.</def> <mark[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Swin"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swindled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Swindling</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Swindler</er>.]</ety>
<def>To cheat defraud grossly, or with deliberate artifice;
<as>as, to <ex>swindle</ex> a man out of his property</as>.</def>
<q>Lammote . . . has <qex>swindled</qex> one of them out of three
hundred livres.</q>
<qau>Carlyle.</qau>
<hw>Swin"dle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of
swindling; a cheat.</def>
<hw>Swin"dler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.
<ets>schwindler</ets>, fr. <ets>schwindlen</ets> to be dizzy, to
act thoughtlessly, to cheat, fr. <ets>schwindel</ets> dizziness,
fr. <ets>schwinden</ets> to vanish, to disappear, to dwindle. See
<er>Swim</er> to be dizzy.]</ety> <def>One who swindles, or
defrauds grossly; one who makes a practice of defrauding others
by imposition or deliberate artifice; a cheat.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Sharper; rogue.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Swindler</er>,
<er>Sharper</er>. These words agree in describing persons who
take unfair advantages. A <xex>swindler</xex> is one who obtains
money or goods under false pretenses. A <xex>sharper</xex> is one
who cheats by sharp practice, as in playing at cards or staking
what he can not pay.</usage>
<q>Fraud and injustice soon follow, and the dignity of the
British merchant is sunk in the scandalous appellation of a
<qex>swindler</qex>.</q>
<qau>V. Knox.</qau>
<q>Perhaps you 'll think I act the same
As a sly <qex>sharper</qex> plays his game.</q>
<qau>Cotton.</qau>
<hw>Swin"dler*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Swindling;
rougery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Swindlery</xex> and
blackguardism.\'b8
<au>Carlyle.</au>
<hw>Swine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.sing. & pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>swin</ets>, AS. <ets>sw\'c6n</ets>; akin to OFries. & OS.
<ets>swin</ets>, D. <ets>zwijn</ets>, G. <ets>schwein</ets>, OHG.
<ets>sw\'c6n</ets>, Icel. <ets>sv\'c6n</ets>, Sw.
<ets>svin</ets>, Dan. <ets>sviin</ets>, Goth. <ets>swein</ets>;
originally a diminutive corresponding to E. <ets>sow</ets>. See
<er>Sow</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld><def>Any
animal of the hog kind, especially one of the domestical species.
Swine secrete a large amount of subcutaneous fat, which, when
extracted, is known as <xex>lard</xex>. The male is specifically
called <xex>boar</xex>, the female, <xex>sow</xex>, and the
young, <xex>pig</xex>. See <er>Hog</er>.</def> \'bdA great herd
of <xex>swine</xex>.\'b8
<au>Mark v. 11.</au>
<cs><col>Swine grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>knotgrass
(<spn>Polygonum aviculare</spn>); -- so called because eaten by
swine.</cd> -- <col>Swine oat</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind
of oat sometimes grown for swine.</cd> -- <col>Swine's
cress</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of cress of the
genus <spn>Senebiera</spn> (<spn>S. Coronopus</spn>).</cd> --
<col>Swine's head</col>, <cd>a dolt; a blockhead.</cd>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>. -- <col>Swine thistle</col>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the sow thistle.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swine"bread`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The truffle.</def>
<hw>Swine"case`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
hogsty.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swine"cote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
hogsty.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swine"crue`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Swine</ets> + Prov. E. <ets>crue</ets> a coop.]</ety>
<def>A hogsty.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swine"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wolf fish.</def>
<hw>Swine"herd`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A keeper of
swine.</def>
<hw>Swine"pipe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European redwing.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swine"-pox`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A variety of the chicken pox, with
acuminated vesicles containing a watery fluid; the water
pox.</def>
<au>Pepys.</au>
<hw>Swine"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Piggery</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Swine"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Stinkstone</er>.</def>
<hw>Swine"sty`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sty, or
pen, for swine.</def>
<hw>Swing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swung</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>Archaic imp.</pos> <er>Swang</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.
& vb. n.</pos> <er>Swinging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>swingen</ets>, AS. <ets>swingan</ets> to scourge, to fly, to
flutter; akin to G. <ets>schwingen</ets> to winnow, to swingle,
oscillate, <ets>sich schwingen</ets> to leap, to soar, OHG.
<ets>swingan</ets> to throw, to scourge, to soar, Sw.
<ets>svinga</ets> to swing, to whirl, Dan. <ets>svinge</ets>. Cf.
<er>Swagger</er>, <er>Sway</er>, <er>Swinge</er>,
<er>Swink</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move to and fro, as a
body suspended in the air; to wave; to vibrate; to
oscillate.</def>
<q>I tried if a pendulum would <qex>swing</qex> faster, or
continue <qex>swinging</qex> longer, in case of exsuction of the
air.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sway or move from one side or direction to
another; <as>as, the door <ex>swung</ex> open</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To use a swing; <as>as, a boy <ex>swings</ex>
for exercise or pleasure</as>. See <er>Swing</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,
3.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To turn round by action of
wind or tide when at anchor; <as>as, a ship <ex>swings</ex> with
the tide</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be hanged.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>D. Webster.</au>
<cs><col>To swing round the circle</col>, <cd>to make a complete
circuit.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>
<q>He had <qex>swung round the circle</qex> of theories and
systems in which his age abounded, without finding relief.</q>
<qau>A. V. G. Allen.</qau>
<hw>Swing</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
swing or vibrate; to cause to move backward and forward, or from
one side to the other.</def>
<q>He <qex>swings</qex> his tail, and swiftly turns his
round.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>They get on ropes, as you must have seen the children, and are
<qex>swung</qex> by their men visitants.</q>
<qau>Spectator.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a circular movement to; to whirl; to
brandish; <as>as, to <ex>swing</ex> a sword; to <ex>swing</ex> a
club</as>; hence, colloquially, to manage; <as>as, to
<ex>swing</ex> a business</as>.</def><-- or, to accomplish -->
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To admit or turn (anything)
for the purpose of shaping it; -- said of a lathe; <as>as, the
lathe can <ex>swing</ex> a pulley of 12 inches
diameter</as>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>To swing a door</col>, <col>gate</col>,
etc.</mcol> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>to put it on hinges so that
it can swing or turn.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The
act of swinging; a waving, oscillating, or vibratory motion of a
hanging or pivoted object; oscillation; <as>as, the
<ex>swing</ex> of a pendulum</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Swaying motion from one side or direction to the
other; <as>as, some men walk with a <ex>swing</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A line, cord, or other thing suspended and
hanging loose, upon which anything may swing; especially, an
apparatus for recreation by swinging, commonly consisting of a
rope, the two ends of which are attached overhead, as to the
bough of a tree, a seat being placed in the loop at the bottom;
also, any contrivance by which a similar motion is produced for
amusement or exercise.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>Influence of power of a body put in swaying
motion.</def>
<q>The ram that batters down the wall,
For the great <qex>swing</qex> and rudeness of his poise,
They place before his hand that made the engine.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Capacity of a turning lathe, as determined by
the diameter of the largest object that can be turned in
it.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Free course; unrestrained liberty or license;
tendency.</def> \'bdTake thy <xex>swing</xex>.\'b8
<au>Dryden.</au>
<q>To prevent anything which may prove an obstacle to the full
<qex>swing</qex> of his genius.</q>
<qau>Burke.</qau>
<cs><col>Full swing</col>. <cd>See under <er>Full</er>.</cd> --
<col>Swing beam</col> <fld>(Railway Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a
crosspiece sustaining the car body, and so suspended from the
framing of a truck that it may have an independent lateral
motion.</cd> -- <col>Swing bridge</col>, <cd>a form of drawbridge
which swings horizontally, as on a vertical pivot.</cd> --
<mcol><col>Swing plow</col>, <or/ <col>Swing plough</col></mcol>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A plow without a fore wheel under the beam.</cd>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A reversible or sidehill plow.</cd> --
<col>Swing wheel</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The scape-wheel in a
clock, which drives the pendulum.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The
balance of a watch.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swing"dev`il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ety>[So named from its swift flight and
dark color, which give it an uncanny appearance.]</ety> <def>The
European swift.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swinge</hw> <pr>(sw<icr/nj)</pr>, <pos>v. & n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Singe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Spenser.</au>
<hw>Swinge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Swinged</er> <pr>(sw<icr/njd)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &
vb. n.</pos> <er>Swingeing</er>
<pr>(sw<icr/nj"<icr/ng)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.
<ets>swengen</ets>, AS. <ets>swengan</ets> to shake, causative of
<ets>swingan</ets>. See <er>Swing</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To beat soundly; to whip; to chastise; to punish.</def>
<q>I had <qex>swinged</qex> him soundly.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>And <qex>swinges</qex> his own vices in his son.</q>
<qau>C. Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move as a lash; to lash.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Swinges</qex> the scaly horror of his folded tail.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Swinge</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The sweep of
anything in motion; a swinging blow; a swing.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Waller.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Power; sway; influence.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Swinge"buc`kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
swashbuckler; a bully; a roiserer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Swinge"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Huge; very large.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <au>Arbuthnot</au>. <au>Byron</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Swinge"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Swin"gel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>swingele</ets> whip, scourge. See <er>Swing</er>.]</ety>
<def>The swinging part of a flail which falls on the grain in
thrashing; the swiple.</def>
<hw>Swing"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who swings
or whirls.</def>
<hw>Swin"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>One who swinges.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything very large, forcible; or
astonishing.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Herrick.</au>
<-- 3. [Colloq.] <def>A person who engages frequently in lively
and fashionable pursuits, such as attending night clubs or
discos.</def>
4. <def>A person who engages freely in sexual
intercourse.</def>
-->
<hw>Swin"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Freq. of
<ets>swing</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To dangle; to wave
hanging.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Johnson.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To swing for pleasure.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swin"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Swingled</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Swingling</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See
<er>Swingel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To clean, as flax, by
beating it with a swingle, so as to separate the coarse parts and
the woody substance from it; to scutch.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To beat off the tops of without pulling up the
roots; -- said of weeds.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Forby.</au>
<hw>Swin"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wooden instrument like a
large knife, about two feet long, with one thin edge, used for
beating and cleaning flax; a scutcher; -- called also
<altname>swingling knife</altname>, <altname>swingling
staff</altname>, and <altname>swingling wand</altname>.</def>
<hw>Swin"gle*bar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
swingletree.</def>
<au>De Quincey.</au>
<hw>Swin"gle*tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The thrasher, or fox shark. See
<er>Thrasher</er>.</def>
<hw>Swin"gle*tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So
named in allusion to its <ets>swinging</ets>. See
<er>Swingle</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, and cf.
<er>Swingtree</er>.]</ety> <def>A whiffletree, or whippletree.
See <er>Singletree</er>.</def>
<hw>Swin"gling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Swingle</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Swingling tow</col>, <cd>the coarse part of flax,
separated from the finer by swingling and hatcheling.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swing"tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The bar of
a carriage to which the traces are fastened; the
whiffletree.</def>
<hw>Swin"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to swine; befitting swine; like swine; hoggish; gross;
beasty; <as>as, a <ex>swinish</ex> drunkard or sot</as>.</def>
\'bd<xex>Swinish</xex> gluttony.\'b8
<au>Milton.</au>
-- <wordforms><wf>Swin"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Swin"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Swink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Swank</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<er>Swonk</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Swonken</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>swincan</ets>,
akin to <ets>swingan</ets>. See <er>Swing</er>.]</ety> <def>To
labor; to toil; to salve.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>
<q>Or <qex>swink</qex> with his hands and labor.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<q>For which men <qex>swink</qex> and sweat incessantly.</q>
<qau>Spenser.</qau>
<q>The <qex>swinking</qex> crowd at every stroke pant
\'bdHo.\'b8</q>
<qau>Sir Samuel Freguson.</qau>
<hw>Swink</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to
toil or drudge; to tire or exhaust with labor.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>And the <qex>swinked</qex> hedger at his supper sat.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To acquire by labor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Piers Plowman.</au>
<q>To devour all that others <qex>swink</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<hw>Swink</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[As. <ets>swinc</ets>,
ge<ets>swinc</ets>.]</ety> <def>Labor; toil; drudgery.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. Spenser.</au>
<hw>Swink"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
laborer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Swin"ney</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Far.)</fld>
<def>See <er>Sweeny</er>.</def>
<hw>Swipe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Sweep</er>, <er>Swiple</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A swape
or sweep. See <er>Sweep</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A strong blow given with a sweeping motion, as
with a bat or club.</def>
<q><qex>Swipes</qex> [in cricket] over the blower's head, and
over either of the long fields.</q>
<qau>R. A. Proctor.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Poor, weak beer; small
beer.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>swypes</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Craig.</au>
<-- p. 1460 -->
<hw>Swipe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swiped</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;
<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Swiping</er>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To give a swipe to; to strike forcibly with a
sweeping motion, as a ball.</def>
<q>Loose balls may be <qex>swiped</qex> almost <it>ad
libitum</it>.</q>
<qau>R. A. Proctor.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pluck; to snatch; to steal.</def>
<mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<hw>Swi"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Swipe</er>.]</ety> <def>That part of a flail which strikes
the grain in thrashing; a swingel.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>swipel</asp>, and <asp>swipple</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Swip"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From AS.
<ets>swipian</ets> to whip, shake, whirl; akin to
<ets>sw\'bepan</ets> to sweep. See <er>Swoop</er>.]</ety>
<def>Nimble; quick.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. &
Slang]</mark>
<hw>Swirl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swirled</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swirling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to Norw.
<ets>svirla</ets> to whirl, freq. of <ets>sverra</ets> to whirl,
Dan. <ets>svirre</ets>, G. <ets>schwirren</ets> to whiz, to buzz.
\'fb177. See <er>Swarm</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To whirl,
or cause to whirl, as in an eddy.</def> \'bdThe river
<xex>swirled</xex> along.\'b8
<au>C. Kingsley.</au>
<hw>Swirl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A whirling motion; an eddy, as
of water; a whirl.</def> \'bdThe silent <xex>swirl</xex> of
bats.\'b8
<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>
<hw>Swish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From the
sound. Cf. <er>Swash</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To flourish,
so as to make the sound <xex>swish</xex>.</def>
<au>Coleridge.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To flog; to lash.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>
<au>Thackeray.</au>
<hw>Swish</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To dash; to swash.</def>
<hw>Swish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sound of quick
movement, as of something whirled through the air.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Light driven spray.</def>
<mark>[Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swiss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.sing. & pl.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>Suisse</ets>, of German origin. Cf. <er>Switzer</er>.]</ety>
<def>A native or inhabitant of Switzerland; a Switzer; the people
of Switzerland.</def>
<hw>Swiss</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to
Switzerland, or the people of Switzerland.</def>
<hw>Switch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OD.
<ets>swick</ets> a scourage, a whip. Cf. <er>Swink</er>,
<er>Swing</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small, flexible twig or
rod.</def>
<q>Mauritania, on the fifth medal, leads a horse with something
like a thread; in her other hand she holds a
<qex>switch</qex>.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Railways)</fld> <def>A movable part of a rail;
or of opposite rails, for transferring cars from one track to
another.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A separate mass or trees of hair, or of some
substance (at jute) made to resemble hair, worn on the head by
women.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A mechanical device for
shifting an electric current to another circuit.</def>
<cs><col>Safety switch</col> <fld>(Railways)</fld>, <cd>a form of
switch contrived to prevent or lessen the danger of derailment of
trains.</cd> -- <col>Switch back</col> <fld>(Railways)</fld>,
<cd>an arrangement of tracks whereby elevations otherwise
insurmountable are passed. The track ascends by a series of
zigzags, the engine running alternately forward and back, until
the summit is reached.</cd> -- <col>Switch board</col>
<fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a collection of switches in one piece of
apparatus, so arranged that a number of circuits may be connected
or combined in any desired manner.</cd><-- need "switchboard" for
telephony --> -- <col>Switch grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>See under <er>Grass</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Switch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Switched</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Switching</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
strike with a switch or small flexible rod; to whip.</def>
<au>Chapman.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To swing or whisk; <as>as, to <ex>switch</ex> a
cane</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To trim, <as>as, a hedge</as>.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>To turn from one railway track to another; to
transfer by a switch; -- generally with <xex>off</xex>,
<xex>from</xex>, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>switch</ex> off a train; to
<ex>switch</ex> a car from one track to another</as>.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To shift to another
circuit.</def>
<hw>Switch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To walk with a jerk.</def>
<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<-- switchboard. (Telephone) An apparatus containing switches by
means of which a connection may be made from an incoming
telephone line to any one of numerous outgoing lines. The
switches may be either mechanical or electronic, and the
switching action may be automatic, controlled by signals in the
incoming call, or manual, controlled by a switchboard operator.
-->
<hw>Switch"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sweet</er>.]</ety> <def>A beverage of molasses and water,
seasoned with vinegar and ginger.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<hw>Switch"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from
<er>Switch</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>
<cs><col>Switching engine</col>, <cd>a locomotive for switching
cars from one track to another, and making up trains; -- called
also <altname>switch engine</altname>.</cd>
<mark>[U.S.]</mark></cs>
<hw>Switch"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Switchmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who tends a
switch on a railway.</def>
<hw>Switch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Whisking.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<au>Coombe.</au>
<hw>Swithe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sw\'c6<?/e</ets> strongly, violently.]</ety> <def>Instantly;
quickly; speedily; rapidly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>That thou doest, do thou <qex>swithe</qex>.</q>
<qau>Wyclif (John xiii. 27).</qau>
<hw>Switz"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>schweizer</ets>. Cf. <er>Swiss</er>.]</ety> <def>A native or
inhabitant of Switzerland; a Swiss.</def>
<hw>Swive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>swiven</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>sw\'c6fan</ets>. See
<er>Swivel</er>.]</ety> <def>To copulate with (a woman).</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Swiv"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.
<ets>sw\'c6fan</ets> to move quickly, to remove; akin to Icel.
<ets>sveifla</ets> to whirl, shake, <ets>sv\'c6fa</ets> to
ramble, to turn. See <er>Swoop</er>, and cf. <er>Swift</er> a
reel, <er>Swift</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A piece, as a ring or hook, attached to
another piece by a pin, in such a manner as to permit rotation
about the pin as an axis.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small piece of ordnance,
turning on a point or swivel; -- called also <altname>swivel
gun</altname>.</def>
<au>Wilhelm.</au>
<cs><col>Swivel bridge</col>, <cd>a kind of drawbridge that turns
round on a vertical axis; a swing bridge.</cd> -- <col>Swivel
hook</col>, <cd>a hook connected with the iron strap of a pulley
block by a swivel joint, for readily taking the turns out of a
tackle.</cd> -- <col>Swivel joint</col>, <cd>a joint, the two
pieces composing which turn round, with respect to each other, on
a longitudinal pin or axis, as in a chain, to prevent
twisting.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swiv"el</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To swing or turn, as on a
pin or pivot.</def>
<hw>Swiv"el-eyed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Squint-eyed.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swiz"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To drink;
to swill.</def>
<au>Halliwell.</au>
<hw>Swiz"zle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ale and beer mixed; also,
drink generally.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Swob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Swab</er>.</def>
<hw>Swob"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>See <er>Swabber</er>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Four privileged cards, formerly
used in betting at the game of whist.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>swabber</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Swift.</au>
<hw>Swoll"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Swell</er>.</def>
<hw>Swoll"en</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Enlarged by swelling;
immoderately increased; <as>as, <ex>swollen</ex> eyes;
<ex>swollen</ex> streams.</as></def>
<hw>Swoln</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Contraction of
<er>Swollen</er>, <pos>p. p.</pos></def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Swom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark>
<def><pos>imp.</pos> of <er>Swim</er>.</def>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Swoon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swooned</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swooning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>swounen</ets>,
<ets>swoghenen</ets>, for <ets>swo<?/nien</ets>, fr.
<ets>swo<?/en</ets> to sigh deeply, to droop, AS.
<ets>sw\'d3gan</ets> to sough, sigh; cf. ge<ets>sw\'d3gen</ets>
senseless, swooned, ge<ets>sw\'d3wung</ets> a swooning. Cf.
<er>Sough</er>.]</ety> <def>To sink into a fainting fit, in which
there is an apparent suspension of the vital functions and mental
powers; to faint; -- often with <xex>away</xex>.</def>
<q>The sucklings <qex>swoon</qex> in the streets of the city.</q>
<qau>Lam. ii. 11.</qau>
<q>The most in years . . . <qex>swooned</qex> first away for
pain.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>He seemed ready to <qex>swoon</qex> away in the surprise of
joy.</q>
<qau>Tatler.</qau>
<hw>Swoon</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fainting fit; syncope.</def>
<hw>Swoon"ing</hw>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>from <er>Swoon</er>,
<pos>v.</pos></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Swoon"ing*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Swoop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Swooped</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Swooping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>swopen</ets>,
usually, to sweep, As. <ets>sw\'bepan</ets> to sweep, to rush;
akin to G. <ets>schweifen</ets> to rove, to ramble, to curve,
OHG. <ets>sweifan</ets> to whirl, Icel. <ets>sveipa</ets> to
sweep; also to AS. <ets>sw\'c6fan</ets> to move quickly. Cf.
<er>Sweep</er>, <er>Swift</er>, <pos>a.</pos> & <pos>n.</pos>,
<er>Swipe</er>, <er>Swivel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fall
on at once and seize; to catch while on the wing; <as>as, a hawk
<ex>swoops</ex> a chicken</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To seize; to catch up; to take with a
sweep.</def>
<q>And now at last you came to <qex>swoop</qex> it all.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<q>The grazing ox which <qex>swoops</qex> it [the medicinal herb]
in with the common grass.</q>
<qau>Glanvill.</qau>
<hw>Swoop</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To descend with
closed wings from a height upon prey, as a hawk; to swoop.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pass with pomp; to sweep.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Drayton.</au>
<hw>Swoop</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A falling on and seizing, as
the prey of a rapacious bird; the act of swooping.</def>
<q>The eagle fell, . . . and carried away a whole litter of cubs
at a <qex>swoop</qex>.</q>
<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>
<hw>Swoop"stake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sweepstake</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Swoop"stake`</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Altogether;
indiscriminately.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Swop</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. & n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Swap</er>.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Sword</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>swerd</ets>, AS. <ets>sweord</ets>; akin to OFries.
<ets>swerd</ets>, <ets>swird</ets>, D. <ets>zwaard</ets>, OS.
<ets>swerd</ets>, OHG. <ets>swert</ets>, G. <ets>schwert</ets>,
Icel. <ets>sver<?/</ets>, Sw. <ets>sv\'84rd</ets>, Dan.
<ets>sv\'91rd</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>An offensive weapon, having a long and usually
sharp<?/pointed blade with a cutting edge or edges. It is the
general term, including the small sword, rapier, saber, scimiter,
and many other varieties.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, the emblem of judicial vengeance or
punishment, or of authority and power.</def>
<q>He [the ruler] beareth not the <qex>sword</qex> in vain.</q>
<qau>Rom. xiii. 4.</qau>
<q>She quits the balance, and resigns the <qex>sword</qex>.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Destruction by the sword, or in battle; war;
dissension.</def>
<q>I came not to send peace, but a <qex>sword</qex>.</q>
<qau>Matt. x. 34.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>The military power of a country.</def>
<q>He hath no more authority over the <qex>sword</qex> than over
the law.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>One of the end bars by
which the lay of a hand loom is suspended.</def>
<cs><col>Sword arm</col>, <cd>the right arm.</cd> -- <col>Sword
bayonet</col>, <cd>a bayonet shaped somewhat like a sword, and
which can be used as a sword.</cd> -- <col>Sword bearer</col>,
<cd>one who carries his master's sword; an officer in London who
carries a sword before the lord mayor when he goes abroad.</cd>
-- <col>Sword belt</col>, <cd>a belt by which a sword is
suspended, and borne at the side.</cd> -- <col>Sword blade</col>,
<cd>the blade, or cutting part, of a sword.</cd> -- <col>Sword
cane</col>, <cd>a cane which conceals the blade of a sword or
dagger, as in a sheath.</cd> -- <col>Sword dance</col>.
<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A dance in which swords are brandished and
clashed together by the male dancers.</cd> <au>Sir W. Scott</au>.
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A dance performed over swords laid on the
ground, but without touching them.</cd> -- <col>Sword
fight</col>, <cd>fencing; a combat or trial of skill with swords;
swordplay.</cd> -- <col>Sword grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Gladen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sword knot</col>, <cd>a
ribbon tied to the hilt of a sword.</cd> -- <col>Sword law</col>,
<cd>government by the sword, or by force; violence.</cd>
<au>Milton</au>. -- <col>Sword lily</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<cd>See <er>Gladiolus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sword mat</col>
<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a mat closely woven of yarns; -- so
called from a wooden implement used in its manufacture.</cd> --
<col>Sword shrimp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European
shrimp (<spn>Pasiph\'91a sivado</spn>) having a very thin,
compressed body.</cd> -- <col>Sword stick</col>, <cd>a sword
cane.</cd> -- <col>To measure swords with one</col>. <cd>See
under <er>Measure</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></cd> -- <col>To put to
the sword</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Put</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sword"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A humming bird (<spn>Docimastes
ensiferus</spn>) having a very long, slender bill, exceeding the
length of the body of the bird.</def>
<hw>Sword"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.
ge<ets>swurdod</ets>.]</ety> <def>Girded with a sword.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Sword"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who uses,
or fights with, a sword; a swordsman; a soldier; a
cutthroat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sword"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A very large oceanic fish
(<spn>Xiphias gladius</spn>), the only representative of the
family <spn>Xiphiid\'91</spn>. It is highly valued as a food
fish. The bones of the upper jaw are consolidated, and form a
long, rigid, swordlike beak; the dorsal fin is high and without
distinct spines; the ventral fins are absent. The adult is
destitute of teeth. It becomes sixteen feet or more long.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The ger pike.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The
cutlass fish.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A southern constellation.
See <er>Dorado</er>, 1.</def>
<cs><col>Swordfish sucker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a
remora (<spn>Remora brachyptera</spn>) which attaches itself to
the swordfish.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sword"ick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spotted gunnel (<spn>Mur\'91noides
gunnellus</spn>).</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<hw>Sword"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Slashing with
a sword.</def>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Sword"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of
a sword.</def>
<hw>Sword"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Swordmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A swordsman.</def>
\'bdSinewy <xex>swordmen</xex>.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sword"play`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fencing; a
sword fight.</def>
<hw>Sword"play`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fencer;
a gladiator; one who exhibits his skill in the use of the
sword.</def>
<hw>Sword"-shaped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a sword; ensiform, as the
long, flat leaves of the Iris, cattail, and the like.</def>
<hw>Swords"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Swordsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
soldier; a fighting man.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One skilled of a use of the sword; a professor
of the science of fencing; a fencer.</def>
<hw>Swords"man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being a
swordsman; skill in the use of the sword.</def>
<au>Cowper.</au>
<hw>Sword"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The limulus.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any hemipterous insect of the genus
<spn>Uroxiphus</spn>, found upon forest trees.</def>
<hw>Swore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp.</pos> of
<er>Swear</er>.</def>
<hw>Sworn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of
<er>Swear</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Sworn brothers</col>, <cd>originally, companions in arms
who took an oath to share together good and bad fortune; hence,
faithful friends.</cd> -- <col>Sworn enemies</col>,
<cd>determined or irreconcilable enemies.</cd> -- <col>Sworn
friends</col>, <cd>close friends.</cd></cs>
<hw>Swough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Swoon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sound; a groan; a moan;
a sough.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>He sigheth with full many a sorry <qex>swough</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A swoon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Swound</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. & n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Swoon</er>, <pos>v. & n.</pos></def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. or
Archaic]</mark>
<au>Shak. Dryden.</au>
<q>The landlord stirred
As one awaking from a <qex>swound</qex>.</q>
<qau>Longfellow.</qau>
<hw>'Swounds</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
<er>Zounds</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation contracted from
<xex>God's wounds</xex>; -- used as an oath.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
Archaic]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Swown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. & n.</pos> <def>Swoon.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Swum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Swim</er>.</def>
<hw>Swung</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of
<er>Swing</er>.</def>
<hw>Swythe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Quickly. See
<er>Swithe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>imp.</pos>
<mord>of <er>See</er></mord>. <def>Saw.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Syb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sib</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Syb"a*rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Sybarita</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, a city in Italy, noted for
the effeminacy and voluptuousness of its inhabitants; cf. F.
<ets>Sybarite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person devoted to luxury and
pleasure; a voluptuary.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syb`a*rit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Syb`a*rit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>Sybariticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to the Sybarites; resembling the Sybarites; luxurious;
wanton; effeminate.</def> \'bd<xex>Sybaritic</xex> dinners.\'b8
<au>Bp. Warburton</au>. \'bd<xex>Sybaritical</xex> cloistres.\'b8
<au>Bp. Hall</au>.
<hw>Syb"a*rit*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Luxuriousness; effeminacy; wantonness; voluptuousness.</def>
<hw>Syc"a*mine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sycaminus</ets>, Gr. <?/; perhaps of Semitic origin.]</ety>
<def>See <er>Sycamore</er>.</def>
<hw>Syc"a*more</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sycomorus</ets>, Gr. <?/ the fig mulberry; <?/ a fig + <?/
the black mulberry; or perhaps of Semitic origin: cf. F.
<ets>sycomore</ets>. Cf. <er>Mulberry</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large tree (<spn>Ficus
Sycomorus</spn>) allied to the common fig. It is found in Egypt
and Syria, and is the sycamore, or sycamine, of Scripture.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The American plane tree, or buttonwood.</def>
<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A large European species of maple (<spn>Acer
Pseudo-Platanus</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written sometimes
<asp>sycomore</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Syce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.
<ets>s\'be\'8bs</ets>.]</ety> <def>A groom.</def>
<mark>[India]</mark>
<hw>Sy*cee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Said to be
from a Chinese word, <ets>se-tze</ets> or <ets>se-sze</ets>,
meaning, fine silk, and to be so called because if pure it may be
drawn out into fine threads.]</ety> <def>Silver, pounded into
ingots of the shape of a shoe, and used as currency. The most
common weight is about one pound troy.</def> <mark>[China]</mark>
<au>McElrath.</au>
<hw>Sych`no*car"pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ much or frequent + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having the capacity of bearing several successive crops of
fruit without perishing; <as>as, <ex>sychnocarpous</ex>
plants</as>.</def>
<hw>Sy"cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
figlike, fr. <?/ a fig.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A nodule of
flint, or a pebble, which resembles a fig.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Syc`o*cer"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an
acid obtained by the oxidation of sycoceryl alcohol.</def>
<hw>Syc`o*ce"ryl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a
fig + <?/ wax + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A
radical, of the aromatic series, regarded as an essential
ingredient of certain compounds found in the waxy resin of an
Australian species of fig.</def>
<-- p. 1461 -->
<hw>Sy"cock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The missel thrush.</def> <mark>[Prov.
Eng.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sy*co"nes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/ a fig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division
of calcareous sponges.</def>
<note><hand/ They usually resemble a fig, being vase-shaped with
a fringed opening at the summit. The feeding cells are in
ampull\'91 connected with radial tubes in the thickened walls of
the body.</note>
<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Sy*co"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>\'d8Sy*co"nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the fig.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A
collective fleshy fruit, in which the ovaries are hidden within a
hollow receptacle, as in the fig.</def>
<hw>Syc"o*phan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.
<ets>sycophantia</ets> deceit, Gr. <?/ false accusation.]</ety>
<def>The character or characteristic of a sycophant.</def> Hence:
-
<sd>(a)</sd> <def>False accusation; calumniation;
talebearing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Bp. Hall.</au>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Obsequious flattery; servility.</def>
<q>The <qex>sycophancy</qex> of A.Philips had prejudiced Mr.
Addison against Pope.</q>
<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>
<hw>Syc"o*phant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sycophanta</ets> a slanderer, deceiver, parasite, Gr. <?/ a
false accuser, false adviser, literally, a fig shower; <?/ a fig
+ <?/ to show: cf. F. <ets>sycophante</ets>. The reason for the
name is not certainly known. See <er>Phenomenon</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>An informer; a talebearer.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAccusing <xex>sycophants</xex>, of all
men, did best sort to his nature.\'b8
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A base parasite; a mean or servile flatterer;
especially, a flatterer of princes and great men.</def>
<q>A <qex>sycophant</qex> will everything admire:
Each verse, each sentence, sets his soul on fire.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<hw>Syc"o*phant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[CF. L.
<ets>sycophantari</ets> to deceive, to trick, Gr. <?/.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To inform against; hence, to calumniate.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q><qex>Sycophanting</qex> and misnaming the work of his
adversary.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To play the sycophant toward; to flatter
obsequiously.</def>
<hw>Syc"o*phant</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To play the
sycophant.</def>
<hw>Syc"o*phant*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sycophancy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syc`o*phan"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Syc`o*phan"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/ slanderous.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a
sycophant; characteristic of a sycophant; meanly or obsequiously
flattering; courting favor by mean adulation; parasitic.</def>
<q>To be cheated and ruined by a <qex>sycophantical</qex>
parasite.</q>
<qau>South.</qau>
<q><qex>Sycophantic</qex> servants to the King of Spain.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Syc"o*phant`ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a
sycophant; obsequiously flattering.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Syc"o*phant`ish*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<q><qex>Sycophantish</qex> satirists that forever humor the
prevailing folly.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Syc"o*phant*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sycophancy.</def>
<hw>Syc"o*phant*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To
play the sycophant.</def>
<hw>Syc"o*phant*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Sycophancy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Sy*co"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a fig.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pustular
eruption upon the scalp, or the beared part of the face, whether
due to ringworm, acne, or impetigo.</def>
<hw>Syd"er*o*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of
Bohemian earthenware resembling the Wedgwood ware.</def>
<hw>Sye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <mark>obs.</mark> <pos>imp.</pos>
<mord>of <er>See</er></mord>. <def>Saw.</def>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Sy"e*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Syenites</ets> (sc. <ets>lapis</ets>), from
<ets>Syene</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>
<def>Orig., a rock composed of quartz, hornblende, and feldspar,
anciently quarried at <xex>Syene</xex>, in Upper Egypt, and now
called <altname>granite</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A
granular, crystalline, ingeous rock composed of orthoclase and
hornblende, the latter often replaced or accompanied by pyroxene
or mica. Syenite sometimes contains nephelite (el\'91olite) or
leucite, and is then called <altname>nephelite (el\'91olite)
syenite</altname> or <altname>leucite syenite</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sy`e*nit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Written
also <ets>sienitic</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to
Syene; <as>as, <ex>Syenitic</ex> inscriptions</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating to, or like, syenite; <as>as,
<ex>syenitic</ex> granite</as>.</def>
<hw>Syke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sike</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer.</au>
<hw>Syk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sicker</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Syle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Sile</er>
a young herring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young
herring (<spn>Clupea harengus</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Also written
<asp>sile</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>But our folk call them <qex>syle</qex>, and nought but
<qex>syle</qex>,
And when they're grown, why then we call them herring.</q>
<qau>J. Ingelow.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Syl`la*ba"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Syllabaria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A syllabary.</def>
<hw>Syl"la*ba*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A table of
syllables; more especially, a table of the indivisible syllabic
symbols used in certain languages, as the Japanese and Cherokee,
instead of letters.</def>
<au>S. W. Williams.</au>
<hw>Syl"labe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<def>Syllable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syl*lab"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Syl*lab"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>syllabique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining
to a syllable or syllables; <as>as, <ex>syllabic</ex>
accent</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of a syllable or syllables; <as>as, a
<ex>syllabic</ex> augment</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>syllabic</xex>
stage of writing.\'b8
<au>Earle.</au>
<hw>Syl*lab"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a syllabic
manner.</def>
<hw>Syl*lab"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Syllabicated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Syllabicating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form or divide into
syllables; to syllabify.</def>
<hw>Syl*lab`i*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of forming syllables; the act or method of dividing words
into syllables. See <xex>Guide to Pron.</xex>, <sect/275.</def>
<hw>Syl*lab`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[See <er>Syllabify</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as
<er>Syllabication</er>.</def>
<au>Rush.</au>
<q><qex>Syllabification</qex> depends not on mere force, but on
discontinuity of force.</q>
<au>H. Sweet.</au>
<hw>Syl*lab"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Syllabified</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Syllabifying</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>syllaba</ets> syllable +
<ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To form or divide into
syllables.</def>
<hw>Syl"la*bism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
expressing of the sounds of a language by syllables, rather than
by an alphabet or by signs for words.</def>
<au>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</au>
<hw>Syl"la*bist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
forms or divides words into syllables, or is skilled in doing
this.</def>
<hw>Syl"la*bize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
syllabify.</def>
<au>Howell.</au>
<hw>Syl"la*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>sillable</ets>, OF. <ets>sillabe</ets>, F.
<ets>syllabe</ets>, L. <ets>syllaba</ets>, Gr. <?/ that which is
held together, several letters taken together so as to form one
sound, a syllable, fr. <?/ to take together; <?/ with + <?/ to
take; cf. Skr. <ets>labh</ets>, <ets>rabh</ets>. Cf.
<er>Lemma</er>, <er>Dilemma</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
elementary sound, or a combination of elementary sounds, uttered
together, or with a single effort or impulse of the voice, and
constituting a word or a part of a word. In other terms, it is a
vowel or a diphtong, either by itself or flanked by one or more
consonants, the whole produced by a single impulse or utterance.
One of the liquids, <xex>l</xex>, <xex>m</xex>, <xex>n</xex>, may
fill the place of a vowel in a syllable. Adjoining syllables in a
word or phrase need not to be marked off by a pause, but only by
such an abatement and renewal, or re\'89nforcement, of the stress
as to give the feeling of separate impulses. See <xex>Guide to
Pronunciation</xex>, <sect/275.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>In writing and printing, a part of a word,
separated from the rest, and capable of being pronounced by a
single impulse of the voice. It may or may not correspond to a
syllable in the spoken language.</def>
<q>Withouten vice [<it>i. e.</it> mistake] of <qex>syllable</qex>
or letter.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small part of a sentence or discourse;
anything concise or short; a particle.</def>
<q>Before any <qex>syllable</qex> of the law of God was
written.</q>
<qau>Hooker.</qau>
<q>Who dare speak
One <qex>syllable</qex> against him?</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<hw>Syl"la*ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pronounce the
syllables of; to utter; to articulate.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Syl"la*bub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Syllabub</er>.</def>
<hw>Syl"la*bus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.
<plw>Syllabuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Syllabi</plw>
<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. the same source as E.
<ets>syllable</ets>.]</ety> <def>A compendium containing the
heads of a discourse, and the like; an abstract.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syl*lep"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fr. Gr. <grk>sy`llhpsis</grk> a taking together, from <?/. See
<er>syllable</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech by which a word is
used in a literal and metaphorical sense at the same time.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The agreement of a verb or
adjective with one, rather than another, of two nouns, with
either of which it might agree in gender, number, etc.; as,
<it>rex</it> et regina <it>beati.</it></def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syl*lep"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Syl*lep"tic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
collective.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a syllepsis;
containing syllepsis.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Syl*lep"tic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Syl*lid"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From NL.
<ets>Syllis</ets>, the typical genus.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of marine
annelids of the family <spn>Syllid\'91</spn>.</def>
<note><hand/ Many of the species are phosphorescent; others are
remarkable for undergoing strobilation or fission and for their
polymorphism. The egg, in such species, develops into an asexual
individual. When mature, a number of its posterior segments
gradually develop into one or more sexual individuals which
finally break away and swim free in the sea. The males, females,
and neuters usually differ greatly in form and structure.</note>
<hw>Syl"lo*gism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.
<ets>silogisme</ets>, OF. <ets>silogime</ets>,
<ets>sillogisme</ets>, F. <ets>syllogisme</ets>, L.
<ets>syllogismus</ets>, Gr. <grk>syllogismo`s</grk> a reckoning
all together, a reasoning, syllogism, fr.
<grk>syllogi`zesqai</grk> to reckon all together, to bring at
once before the mind, to infer, conclude; <grk>sy`n</grk> with,
together + <grk>logi`zesqai</grk> to reckon, to conclude by
reasoning. See <er>Syn-</er>, and <er>Logistic</er>,
<er>Logic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The regular
logical form of every argument, consisting of three propositions,
of which the first two are called the <xex>premises</xex>, and
the last, the <xex>conclusion</xex>. The conclusion necessarily
follows from the premises; so that, if these are true, the
conclusion must be true, and the argument amounts to
demonstration</def>; <note>as in the following example:
Every virtue is laudable;
Kindness is a virtue;
Therefore kindness is laudable.
These propositions are denominated respectively the <xex>major
premise</xex>, the <xex>minor premise</xex>, and the
<xex>conclusion</xex>.</note>
<note><hand/ If the premises are not true and the syllogism is
regular, the reasoning is valid, and the conclusion, whether true
or false, is correctly derived.</note>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syl`lo*gis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Syl`lo*gis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[L. <ets>syllogisticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>syllogistique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a
syllogism; consisting of a syllogism, or of the form of reasoning
by syllogisms; <as>as, <ex>syllogistic</ex> arguments or
reasoning</as>.</def>
<hw>Syl`lo*gis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
syllogistic manner.</def>
<hw>Syl`lo*gi*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A
reasoning by syllogisms.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>
<au>Harris.</au>
<hw>Syl"lo*gize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Syllogized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Syllogizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>syllogiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To reason by means of
syllogisms.</def>
<q>Men have endeavored . . . to teach boys to
<qex>syllogize</qex>, or frame arguments and refute them, without
any real inward knowledge of the question.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<hw>Syl"lo*gi`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
syllogizes.</def>
<hw>Sylph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sylphe</ets>, m., fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of grub, beetle, or
moth; -- so called by Paracelsus.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
imaginary being inhabiting the air; a fairy.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: A slender, graceful woman.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species
of very brilliant South American humming birds, having a very
long and deeply-forked tail; <as>as, the blue-tailed
<ex>sylph</ex> (<spn>Cynanthus cyanurus</spn>)</as>.</def>
<hw>Sylph"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sylphide</ets>, fem. See <er>Sylph</er>.]</ety> <def>A
little sylph; a young or diminutive sylph.</def> \'bdThe place of
the <xex>sylphid</xex> queen.\'b8
<au>J. R. Drake.</au>
<q>Ye sylphs and <qex>sylphids</qex>, to your chief give ear,
Fays, fairies, genii, elves, and demons, hear.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Sylph"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a
sylph.</def>
<hw>Sylph"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sylphlike.</def>
<au>Carlyle.</au>
<hw>Sylph"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a
sylph; airy; graceful.</def>
<q>Sometimes a dance . . .
Displayed some <qex>sylphlike</qex> figures in its maze.</q>
<qau>Byron.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Syl"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sylv\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>sylva</ets>, better <ets>silva</ets>, a wood. See
<er>Silva</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Silva</er>.</def>
<hw>Syl"van</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Silvan</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or
pertaining to a sylva; forestlike; hence, rural; rustic.</def>
<q>The traditional memory of a rural and a <qex>sylvan</qex>
region . . . is usually exact as well as tenacious.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Abounding in forests or in trees; woody.</def>
<hw>Syl"van</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>Sylvanus</ets>,
better <ets>Silvanus</ets>. See <er>Silvan</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A fabled deity of the wood; a satyr; a
faun; sometimes, a rustic.</def>
<q>Her private orchards, walled on every side,
To lawless <qex>sylvans</qex> all access denied.</q>
<qau>Pope.</qau>
<hw>Syl"van</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Sylva</ets> +
furfur<ets>an</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid
hydrocarbon obtained together with furfuran (tetrol) by the
distillation of pine wood; -- called also <altname>methyl
tetrol</altname>, or <altname>methyl furfuran</altname>.</def>
<hw>Syl"van*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called
from Tran<ets>sylvania</ets>, where it was first found.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral, a telluride of gold and silver,
of a steel-gray, silver-white, or brass-yellow color. It often
occurs in implanted crystals resembling written characters, and
hence is called <altname>graphic tellurium</altname>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>silvanite</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Syl*va"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., so
called from Tran<ets>sylvania</ets>, where it was first
found.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An old name for
tellurium.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>silvanium</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Syl"vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>A salt of sylvic acid.</def>
<hw>Syl*vat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sylvaticus</ets>, better <ets>silvaticus</ets>. See
<er>Silvan</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Sylvan.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Syl*ves"tri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sylvestris</ets>, better <ets>silvestris</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Sylvan.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Syl"vic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>
<def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, pine or its products;
specifically, designating an acid called also <xex>abeitic
acid</xex>, which is the chief ingredient of common resin
(obtained from <spn>Pinus sylvestris</spn>, and other
species).</def>
<hw>Syl*vic"o*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sylva</ets>, <ets>silva</ets>, forest + <ets>colere</ets> to
inhabit.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to
the family of warblers (<spn>Sylvicolid\'91</spn>). See
<er>Warbler</er>.</def>
<hw>Syl"vi*cul`ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>sylva</ets>, <ets>silva</ets>, forest + E.
<ets>culture</ets>.]</ety> <def>The cultivation of forest trees
for timber or other purposes; forestry; arboriculture.</def>
<hw>Syl`vi*cul"tur*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who cultivates forest trees, especially as a business.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syl"vine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Syl"vite</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from NL. sal
digestivus <ets>sylvii</ets> potassium chloride.]</ety>
<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native potassium chloride.</def>
<hw>Sym-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Syn-</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sy*mar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sy"marr</hw> }</mhw>,
<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Simar</er>.</def>
<hw>Sym"bal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Cimbal</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Sym"bol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>symbolus</ets>, <ets>symbolum</ets>, Gr. <?/ a sign by which
one knows or infers a thing, from <?/ to throw or put together,
to compare; <?/ with + <?/ to throw: cf. F. <ets>symbole</ets>.
Cf. <er>Emblem</er>, <er>Parable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
visible sign or representation of an idea; anything which
suggests an idea or quality, or another thing, as by resemblance
or by convention; an emblem; a representation; a type; a figure;
<as>as, the lion is the <ex>symbol</ex> of courage; the lamb is
the <ex>symbol</ex> of meekness or patience</as>.</def>
<q>A <qex>symbol</qex> is a sign included in the idea which it
represents, <qex>e</qex>.<qex>g</qex>., an actual part chosen to
represent the whole, or a lower form or species used as the
representative of a higher in the same kind.</q>
<qau>Coleridge.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Any character used to
represent a quantity, an operation, a relation, or an
abbreviation.</def>
<note><hand/ In crystallography, the <xex>symbol</xex> of a plane
is the numerical expression which defines its position relatively
to the assumed axes.</note>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>An abstract or compendium of
faith or doctrine; a creed, or a summary of the articles of
religion.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Gr. <?/ contributions.]</ety> <def>That which
is thrown into a common fund; hence, an appointed or accustomed
duty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They do their work in the days of peace . . . and come to pay
their <qex>symbol</qex> in a war or in a plague.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Share; allotment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>The persons who are to be judged . . . shall all appear to
receive their <qex>symbol</qex>.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An abbreviation standing for
the name of an element and consisting of the initial letter of
the Latin or New Latin name, or sometimes of the initial letter
with a following one; <as>as, <chform>C</chform> for carbon,
<chform>Na</chform> for sodium (Natrium), <chform>Fe</chform> for
iron (Ferrum), <chform>Sn</chform> for tin (Stannum),
<chform>Sb</chform> for antimony (Stibium), etc.</as> See the
list of names and symbols under <er>Element</er>.</def>
<note><hand/ In pure and organic chemistry there are symbols not
only for the elements, but also for their grouping in formulas,
radicals, or residues, as evidenced by their composition,
reactions, synthesis, etc. See the diagram of <cref>Benzene
nucleus</cref>, under <er>Benzene</er>.</note>
<syn>Syn. -- Emblem; figure; type. See <er>Emblem</er>.</syn>
<hw>Sym"bol</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To symbolize.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Tennyson.</au>
<hw>Sym*bol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>symbolique</ets>. See <er>Symbolic</er>,
<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>See
<er>Symbolics</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sym*bol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sym*bol"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>symbolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>symbolique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a symbol
or symbols; of the nature of a symbol; exhibiting or expressing
by resemblance or signs; representative; <as>as, the figure of an
eye is <ex>symbolic</ex> of sight and knowledge</as>.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Sym*bol"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --
<wf>Sym*bol"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>
<q>The sacrament is a representation of Christ's death by such
<qex>symbolical</qex> actions as he himself appointed.</q>
<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>
<cs><col>Symbolical delivery</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the
delivery of property sold by delivering something else as a
symbol, token, or representative of it.</cd> <au>Bouvier.
Chitty</au>. -- <col>Symbolical philosophy</col>, <cd>the
philosophy expressed by hieroglyphics.</cd></cs>
<-- p. 1462 -->
<hw>Sym*bol"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The study
of ancient symbols</def>; esp. <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <def>that
branch of historic theology which treats of creeds and
confessions of faith; symbolism; -- called also
<altname>symbolic</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sym"bol*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>The act of symbolizing, or the state of being symbolized;
<as>as, <ex>symbolism</ex> in Christian art is the representation
of truth, virtues, vices, etc., by emblematic colors, signs, and
forms</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A system of symbols or representations.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The practice of
using symbols, or the system of notation developed thereby.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A combining together of parts or
ingredients.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The science of creeds;
symbolics.</def>
<hw>Sym"bol*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who employs
symbols.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sym`bol*is"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sym`bol*is"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Characterized by the use of symbols; <as>as,
<ex>symbolistic</ex> poetry</as>.</def>
<hw>Sym`bol*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
F. <ets>symbolisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of symbolizing;
symbolical representation.</def>
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<hw>Sym"bol*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Symbolized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Symbolizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>symboliser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have a
resemblance of qualities or properties; to correspond; to
harmonize.</def>
<q>The pleasing of color <qex>symbolizeth</qex> with the pleasing
of any single tone to the ear; but the pleasing of order doth
<qex>symbolize</qex> with harmony.</q>
<qau>Bacon.</qau>
<q>They both <qex>symbolize</qex> in this, that they love to look
upon themselves through multiplying glasses.</q>
<qau>Howell.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hold the same faith; to agree.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>The believers in pretended miracles have always previously
<qex>symbolized</qex> with the performers of them.</q>
<qau>G. S. Faber.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To use symbols; to represent ideas
symbolically.</def>
<hw>Sym"bol*ize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make
to agree in properties or qualities.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make representative of something; to regard
or treat as symbolic.</def> \'bdSome <xex>symbolize</xex> the
same from the mystery of its colors.\'b8
<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To represent by a symbol or symbols.</def>
<hw>Sym"bol*i`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
symbolizes.</def>
<hw>Sym`bo*log"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Pertaining to a symbology; versed in, or characterized by,
symbology.</def>
<hw>Sym*bol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
practices, or who is versed in, symbology.</def>
<hw>Sym*bol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Symbol</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art
of expressing by symbols.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sym*bran"chi*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with + <?/ a gill.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of slender eel-like fishes
having the gill openings confluent beneath the neck. The pectoral
arch is generally attached to the skull, and the entire margin of
the upper jaw is formed by the premaxillary. Called also
<altname>Symbranchia</altname>.</def>
<hw>Sym"me*tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Commensurable; symmetrical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Sym*me"tri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
eminently studious of symmetry of parts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>
<hw>Sym*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Symmetrical.</def>
<hw>Sym*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sym\'82trique</ets>. See <er>Symmetry</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Involving or exhibiting symmetry; proportional
in parts; having its parts in due proportion as to dimensions;
<as>as, a <ex>symmetrical</ex> body or building</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the organs or parts of
one side correspponding with those of the other; having the parts
in two or more series of organs the same in number; exhibiting a
symmetry.See <er>Symmetry</er>, 2.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having an equal
number of parts in the successive circles of floral organs; --
said of flowers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having a likeness in the
form and size of floral organs of the same kind; regular.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Having a common measure;
commensurable.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having corresponding parts
or relations.</def>
<note><hand/ A curve or a plane figure is <xex>symmetrical</xex>
with respect to a given line, and a line, surface, or solid with
respect to a plane, when for each point on one side of the line
or plane there is a corresponding point on the other side, so
situated that the line joining the two corresponding points is
perpendicular to the line or plane and is bisectad by it. Two
solids are <xex>symmetrical</xex> when they are so situate dwith
the respect to an intervening plane that the several points of
their surfaces thus correspond to each other in position and
distance. In analysis, an expression is <xex>symmetrical</xex>
with respect to several letters when any two of them may change
places without affecting the expression; as, the expression
<mathex>a<exp>2</exp>b + ab<exp>2</exp> + a<exp>2</exp>c +
ac<exp>2</exp> + b<exp>2</exp>c + bc<exp>2</exp></mathex>, is
<xex>symmetrical</xex> with respect to the letters <it>a</it>,
<it>b</it>, <it>c</it>. -- <wordforms><wf>Sym*met"ric*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Sym*met"ric*al*ness</wf>,
<pos>n.</pos></note></wordforms>
<hw>Sym`me*tri"cian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Symmetrian</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Holinshed.</au>
<hw>Sym"me*trist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
eminently studious of symmetry of parts.</def>
<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>
<hw>Sym"me*trize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Symmetrized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Symmetrizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>sym\'82triser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make proportional in its
parts; to reduce to symmetry.</def>
<au>Burke.</au>
<hw>Sym"me*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>symmetria</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ with, together + <?/ a
measure: cf. F. <ets>sym\'82trie</ets>. See <er>Syn-</er>, and
<er>Meter</er> rhythm.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A due proportion
of the several parts of a body to each other; adaptation of the
form or dimensions of the several parts of a thing to each other;
the union and conformity of the members of a work to the
whole.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The law of likeness;
similarity of structure; regularity in form and arrangement;
orderly and similar distribution of parts, such that an animal
may be divided into parts which are structurally
symmetrical.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Bilateral symmetry</xex>, or
<xex>two-sidedness</xex>, in vertebrates, etc., is that in which
the body can be divided into symmetrical halves by a vertical
plane passing through the middle; <xex>radial symmetry</xex>, as
in echinoderms, is that in which the individual parts are
arranged symmetrically around a central axis; <xex>serial
symmetry</xex>, or <xex>zonal symmetry</xex>, as in earthworms,
is that in which the segments or metameres of the body are
disposed in a zonal manner one after the other in a longitudinal
axis. This last is sometimes called <xex>metamerism</xex>.</note>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Equality in the
number of parts of the successive circles in a flower.</def>
<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Likeness in the form and size of floral organs
of the same kind; regularity.</def>
<cs><col>Axis of symmetry</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Axis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Respective symmetry</col>, <cd>that
disposition of parts in which only the opposite sides are equal
to each other.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sym`pa*thet"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sympathy</er>, and cf. <er>Pathetic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Inclined to sympathy; sympathizing.</def>
<q>Far wiser he, whose <qex>sympathetic</qex> mind
Exults in all the good of all mankind.</q>
<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Produced by, or expressive of, sympathy.</def>
<q>Ope the sacred source of <qex>sympathetic</qex> tears.</q>
<qau>Gray.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Produced by
sympathy; -- applied particularly to symptoms or affections. See
<er>Sympathy</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or relating to the
sympathetic nervous system or some of its branches; produced by
stimulation on the sympathetic nervious system or some part of
it; <as>as, the <ex>sympathetic</ex> saliva, a modified form of
saliva, produced from some of the salivary glands by stimulation
of a sympathetic nerve fiber</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Sympathetic ink</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under
<er>Ink</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sympathetic nerve</col>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>any nerve of the sympathetic system;
especially, the axial chain of ganglions and nerves belonging to
the sympathetic system.</cd> -- <col>Sympathetic powder</col>
<fld>(Alchemy)</fld>, <cd>a kind of powder long supposed to be
able to cure a wound if applied to the weapon that inflicted it,
or even to a portion of the bloody clothes.</cd>
<au>Dunglison</au>. -- <col>Sympathetic sounds</col>
<fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>sounds produced from solid bodies by
means of vibrations which have been communicated to them from
some other sounding body, by means of the air or an intervening
solid.</cd> -- <col>Sympathetic system</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>,
<cd>a system of nerves and nerve ganglions connected with the
alimentary canal, the vascular system, and the glandular organs
of most vertebrates, and controlling more or less their actions.
The axial part of the system and its principal ganglions and
nerves are situated in the body cavity and form a chain of
ganglions on each side of the vertebral column connected with
numerous other ganglions and nerve plexuses.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sym`pa*thet"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Sympathetic.</def>
<hw>Sym`pa*thet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
sympathetic manner.</def>
<hw>Sym"pa*thist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sympathizes; a sympathizer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Coleridge.</au>
<hw>Sym"pa*thize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Sympathized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Sympathizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>sympathiser</ets>. See
<er>Sympathy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have a common
feeling, as of bodily pleasure or pain.</def>
<q>The mind will <qex>sympathize</qex> so much with the anguish
and debility of the body, that it will be too distracted to fix
itself in meditation.</q>
<qau>Buckminster.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To feel in consequence of what another feels; to
be affected by feelings similar to those of another, in
consequence of knowing the person to be thus affected.</def>
<q>Their countrymen . . . <qex>sympathized</qex> with their
heroes in all their adventures.</q>
<qau>Addison.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>To agree; to be in accord; to harmonize.</def>
<au>Dryden.</au>
<hw>Sym"pa*thize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
experience together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThis
<xex>sympathized</xex> . . . error.\'b8
<au>Shak.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To ansew to; to correspond to.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Shak.</au>
<hw>Sym"pa*thi`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
sympathizes.</def>
<hw>Sym"pa*thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sympathies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.
<ets>sympathie</ets>, L. <ets>sympathia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ with
+ <?/ suffering, passion, fr. <?/, <?/, to suffer. See
<er>Syn-</er>, and <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Feeling corresponding to that which another feels; the
quality of being affected by the affection of another, with
feelings correspondent in kind, if not in degree;
fellow-feeling.</def>
<q>They saw, but other sight instead -- a crowd
Of ugly serpents! Horror on them fell,
And horrid <qex>sympathy</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An agreement of affections or inclinations, or a
conformity of natural temperament, which causes persons to be
pleased, or in accord, with one another; <as>as, there is perfect
<ex>sympathy</ex> between them</as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Kindness of feeling toward one who suffers;
pity; commiseration; compassion.</def>
<q>I value myself upon <qex>sympathy</qex>, I hate and despise
myself for envy.</q>
<qau>Kames.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The
reciprocal influence exercised by the various organs or parts of
the body on one another, as manifested in the transmission of a
disease by unknown means from one organ to another quite remote,
or in the influence exerted by a diseased condition of one part
on another part or organ, as in the vomiting produced by a tumor
of the brain.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That relation which exists
between different persons by which one of them produces in the
others a state or condition like that of himself. This is shown
in the tendency to yawn which a person often feels on seeing
another yawn, or the strong inclination to become hysteric
experienced by many women on seeing another person suffering with
hysteria.</def>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>A tendency of inanimate things to unite, or to
act on each other; <as>as, the <ex>sympathy</ex> between the
loadstone and iron</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<sn>6.</sn> <def>Similarity of function, use office, or the
like.</def>
<q>The adverb has most <qex>sympathy</qex> with the verb.</q>
<qau>Earle.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Pity; fellow-feeling; compassion; commiseration;
tenderness; condolence; agreement.</syn> <usage> --
<er>Sympathy</er>, <er>Commiseration</er>. <xex>Sympathy</xex> is
literally a fellow-feeling with others in their varied conditions
of joy or of grief. This term, however, is now more commonly
applied to a fellow-feeling with others under affliction, and
then coincides very nearly with <xex>commiseration</xex>. In this
case it is commonly followed by <xex>for</xex>; <as>as, to feel
<ex>sympathy</ex> for a friend when we see him distressed</as>.
The verb <xex>sympathize</xex> is followed by <xex>with</xex>;
<as>as, to <ex>sympathize</ex> with a friend in his distresses or
enjoyments</as>. \'bdEvery man would be a distinct species to
himself, were there no <xex>sympathy</xex> among individuals.\'b8
<au>South</au>. See <er>Pity</er>.</usage>
<q>Fault,
Acknowledged and deplored, in Adam wrought
<qex>Commiseration</qex>.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<hw>Sym*pet"al*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>sym-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having the petals united; gamopetalous.</def>
<hw>Sym*phon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Symphonious.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or in the manner
of, symphony; <as>as, the <ex>symphonic</ex> form or style of
composition</as>.</def>
<hw>Sym*pho"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
<er>Symphony</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Agreeing in sound;
accordant; harmonious.</def>
<q>Followed with acclamation and the sound
<qex>Symphonious</qex> of ten thousand harps.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Symphonic.</def>
<hw>Sym"pho*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>symphoniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A composer of
symphonies.</def>
<hw>Sym"pho*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Symphonized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Symphonizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To agree; to be in harmony.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Boyle.</au>
<hw>Sym"pho*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Symphonies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.
<ets>symphonie</ets> (cf. It. <ets>sinfonia</ets>), L.
<ets>symphonia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ a sound, the voice.
See <er>Phonetic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A consonance or
harmony of sounds, agreeable to the ear, whether the sounds are
vocal or instrumental, or both.</def>
<q>The trumpets sound,
And warlike <qex>symphony</qex> in heard around.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stringed instrument formerly in use, somewhat
resembling the virginal.</def>
<q>With harp and pipe and <qex>symphony</qex>.</q>
<qau>Chaucer.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An elaborate
instrumental composition for a full orchestra, consisting
usually, like the sonata, of three or four contrasted yet
inwardly related movements, as the allegro, the adagio, the
minuet and trio, or scherzo, and the finale in quick time. The
term has recently been applied to large orchestral works in freer
form, with arguments or programmes to explain their meaning, such
as the \'bdsymphonic poems\'b8 of Liszt. The term was formerly
applied to any composition for an orchestra, as overtures, etc.,
and still earlier, to certain compositions partly vocal, partly
instrumental.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrumental passage at
the beginning or end, or in the course of, a vocal composition; a
prelude, interlude, or postude; a ritornello.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sym*phy"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with + <?/ a clan.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of small apterous insects
having an elongated body, with three pairs of thoracic and about
nine pairs of abdominal legs. They are, in many respects,
intermediate between myriapods and true insects.</def>
<hw>Sym*phys"e*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to to symphysis.</def>
<hw>Sym`phy*se*ot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>symphysis pubis</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety>
<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of dividing the symphysis
pubis for the purpose of facilitating labor; -- formerly called
the <xex>Sigualtian section</xex>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>symphysotomy</asp>.]</altsp>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sym"phy*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Symphyses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/,
fr. <?/ to make to grow together; <?/ with + <?/ to cause to
grow; to grow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An
articulation formed by intervening cartilage; <as>as, the pubic
<ex>symphysis</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The union or
coalescence of bones; also, the place of union or coalescence;
<as>as, the <ex>symphysis</ex> of the lower jaw</as>. Cf.
<er>Articulation</er>.</def>
<hw>Sym`phy*sot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Symphyseotomy.</def>
<hw>Sym"phy*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
grown together.]</ety> <def>Coalescence; a growing into one with
another word.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Some of the phrasal adverbs have assumed the form of single
words, by that <qex>symphytism</qex> which naturally attaches
these light elements to each other.</q>
<qau>Earle.</qau>
<hw>Sym`pi*e*som"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ compression (fr. <?/ to press together; <?/ with + <?/ to
press, squeeze) + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sensitive kind
of barometer, in which the pressure of the atmosphere, acting
upon a liquid, as oil, in the lower portion of the instrument,
compresses an elastic gas in the upper part.</def>
<-- Figure of a sympiesometer, with labeled parts. -->
<note><hand/ The column of oil of a lower part <xex>BC</xex> of a
glass tube compresses hydrogen gas in the upper part
<xex>AB</xex>, and is thus measured on the scale <xex>pq</xex> by
the position of a surface of the oil in the tube. The scale
<xex>pq</xex> is adjustable, and its index must be set to the
division on the scale <xex>rs</xex> corresponding to the
temperature indicated by the termometer <xex>t</xex>, in order to
correct for the effects of temperature on the gas. It is
sensitive, and convenient for use at sea, but inferior in
accuracy to the mercurial barometer.</note>
<hw>Sym*plec"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
plaiting together, fr. <?/ to plait together.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Plaiting or joining together; -- said of
a bone next above the quadrate in the mandibular suspensorium of
many fishes, which unites together the other bones of the
suspensorium.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The symplectic
bone.</def></def2>
<hw>\'d8Sym"plo*ce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.
Gr. <?/ an interweaving, fr. <?/ to twine together; <?/ + <?/ to
twine.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The repetition of a word or
phrase at the beginning and another at the end of successive
clauses; as, <xex>Justice</xex> came down from heaven to view
<xex>the earth</xex>; <xex>Justice</xex> returned to heaven, and
left <xex>the earth</xex>.</def>
<-- p. 1463 -->
<hw>Sym"pode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>A sympodium.</def>
<hw>Sym*po"di*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Composed of superposed branches in such a
way as to imitate a simple axis; <as>as, a <ex>sympodial</ex>
stem</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sym*po"di*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Sympodia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/
with + <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>An axis or stem produced by dichotomous branching in which
one of the branches is regularly developed at the expense of the
other, as in the grapevine.</def>
<hw>Sym*po"si*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>symposiacus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to
compotations and merrymaking; happening where company is drinking
together; <as>as, <ex>symposiac</ex> meetings</as>.</def>
<q><qex>Symposiac</qex> disputations amongst my acquaintance.</q>
<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>
<hw>Sym*po"si*ac</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A conference or
conversation of philosophers at a banquet; hence, any similar
gathering.</def>
<hw>Sym*po"si*arch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/, <?/; <?/ a symposium + <?/ to be first, to rule.]</ety>
<fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The master of a feast.</def>
<-- = M.C. -->
<hw>Sym*po"si*ast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
engaged with others at a banquet or merrymaking.</def>
<au>Sydney Smith.</au>
<hw>\'d8Sym*po"si*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A drinking together; a symposium.</def>
\'bdOur <xex>symposion</xex> last night.\'b8
<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>
<hw>Sym*po"si*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Symposia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr.
<grk>sympo`sion</grk> a drinking party, feast; <grk>sy`n</grk>
with + <grk>po`sis</grk> a drinking. See <er>Syn-</er>, and cf.
<er>Potable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A drinking together; a
merry feast.</def>
<au>T. Warton.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection of short essays by different
authors on a common topic; -- so called from the appellation
given to the philosophical dialogue by the Greeks.</def>
<hw>Symp"tom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>sympt\'93me</ets>, Gr. <?/ anything that has befallen one, a
chance, causality, symptom, fr. <?/ to fall together; <?/ with +
<?/ to fall; akin to Skr. <ets>pat</ets> to fly, to fall. See
<er>Syn-</er>, and cf. <er>Asymptote</er>,
<er>Feather</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any
affection which accompanies disease; a perceptible change in the
body or its functions, which indicates disease, or the kind or
phases of disease; <as>as, the causes of disease often lie beyond
our sight, but we learn their nature by the <ex>symptoms</ex>
exhibited</as>.</def>
<q>Like the sick man, we are expiring with all sorts of good
<qex>symptoms</qex>.</q>
<qau>Swift.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sign or token; that which indicates the
existence of something else; <as>as, corruption in elections is a
<ex>symptom</ex> of the decay of public virtue</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Mark; note; sign; token; indication.</syn>
<mhw>{ <hw>Symp`tom*at"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Symp`tom*at"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>symptomatique</ets>, Gr. <?/ causal.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to symptoms; happening in
concurrence with something; being a symptom; indicating the
existence of something else.</def>
<q><qex>Symptomatic</qex> of a shallow understanding and an
unamiable temper.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>According to symptoms; <as>as, a
<ex>symptomatical</ex> classification of diseases</as>.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Symp`tom*at"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Symp`tom*a*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, symptom + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>symptomatologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The
doctrine of symptoms; that part of the science of medicine which
treats of the symptoms of diseases; semeiology.</def>
<note><hand/ It includes <xex>diagnosis</xex>, or the
determination of the disease from its symptoms; and
<xex>prognosis</xex>, or the determination of its probable course
and event.</note>
<hw>Syn-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ with.]</ety> <def>A
prefix meaning <xex>with</xex>, <xex>along with</xex>,
<xex>together</xex>, <xex>at the same time</xex>. <xex>Syn-</xex>
becomes <xex>sym-</xex> before <xex>p</xex>, <xex>b</xex>, and
<xex>m</xex>, and <xex>syl-</xex> before <xex>l</xex>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syn*ac"me</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Syn*ac"my</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. <ets>synacme</ets>.
See <er>Syn-</er>, and <er>Acme</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Same as <er>Synanthesis</er>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syn*\'91r"e*sis</hw>, <hw>Syn*er"e*sis</hw> }</mhw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a taking or
drawing together, fr. <?/ to take together; <?/ with + <?/ to
take, to grasp. See <er>Syn-</er>, and <er>Heresy</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The union, or drawing together into one
syllable, of two vowels that are ordinarily separated in
syllabification; synecphonesis; -- the opposite of
<xex>di\'91resis</xex>.</def>
<hw>Syn`a*gog"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a synagogue.</def>
<hw>Syn"a*gogue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from
L. <ets>synagoga</ets>, Gr. <?/ a bringing together, an assembly,
a synagogue, fr. <?/ to bring together; <?/ with + <?/ to lead.
See <er>Syn-</er>, and <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A
congregation or assembly of Jews met for the purpose of worship,
or the performance of religious rites.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The building or place appropriated to the
religious worship of the Jews.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>The council of, probably, 120 members among the
Jews, first appointed after the return from the Babylonish
captivity; -- called also the <altname>Great Synagogue</altname>,
and sometimes, though erroneously, the
<altname>Sanhedrin</altname>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A congregation in the early Christian
church.</def>
<q>My brethren, . . . if there come into your
<qex>synagogue</qex> a man with a gold ring.</q>
<qau>James ii. 1,2 (Rev. Ver.).</qau>
<sn>5.</sn> <def>Any assembly of men.</def> <mark>[Obs. or
R.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Syn`a*le"pha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
L. <ets>synaloepha</ets>, Gr. <?/, from <?/ to melt together; <?/
with + <?/ to besmear.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A
contraction of syllables by suppressing some vowel or diphthong
at the end of a word, before another vowel or diphthong; <as>as,
<ex>th' army</ex>, for <ex>the army</ex></as>.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>synal\'d2pha</asp>.]</altsp>
<hw>Syn`al*lag*mat"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/
a mutual agreement, contract, fr. <?/ to exchange, negotiate
with; <?/ with + <?/ to change.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>
<def>Imposing reciprocal obligations upon the parties; <as>as, a
<ex>synallagmatic</ex> contract</as>.</def>
<au>Bouvier.</au>
<hw>Syn`al*lax"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From
Gr. <?/ to associate with.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>Having the outer and middle toes partially united; -- said
of certain birds related to the creepers.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn`a*l\'d2"pha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Synalepha</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn*an"gi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Synangia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ +
<?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The divided
part beyond the pylangium in the aortic trunk of the amphibian
heart.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Syn*an"gi*al</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Syn*an"ther*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>syn-</ets> + anther.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having
the stamens united by their anthers; <as>as,
<ex>synantherous</ex> flowers</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn`an*the"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with + Gr. <?/ bloom.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The simultaneous maturity of the anthers
and stigmas of a blossom.</def>
<au>Gray.</au>
<hw>Syn*an"thous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>syn-</ets> + Gr. <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having flowers and leaves which appear at the same time; --
said of certain plants.</def>
<hw>Syn*an"throse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From
NL. <ets>Synanther\'91</ets> the Composit\'91; Gr. <?/ with + <?/
blooming.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety of sugar,
isomeric with sucrose, found in the tubers of the Jerusalem
artichoke (<spn>Helianthus tuberosus</spn>), in the dahlia, and
other Composit\'91.</def><-- ?? not in Merck I. -->
<hw>\'d8Syn*ap"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/ fastened together; <?/ with + <?/ to fasten.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of slender, transparent
holothurians which have delicate calcareous anchors attached to
the dermal plates. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>
<hw>Syn*ap"tase</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
fastened together + dias<ets>tase</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A ferment resembling diastase, found in
bitter almonds. Cf. <er>Amygdalin</er>, and
<er>Emulsin</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn`ap*tic"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Synapticul\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,
dim. from Gr. <?/ fastened together.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>One of numerous calcareous processes which extend between,
and unite, the adjacent septa of certain corals, especially of
the fungian corals.</def>
<hw>Syn"ar*chy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
fr. <?/ to rule jointly with; <?/ with + <?/ to rule.]</ety>
<def>Joint rule or sovereignity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Stackhouse.</au>
<hw>Syn`ar*te"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/ a fastening together, fr. <?/ to fasten together.]</ety>
<def>A fastening or knitting together; the state of being closely
jointed; close union.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Coleridge.</au>
<hw>\'d8Syn`ar*thro"di*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Synarthrosis.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Syn`ar*thro"di*al</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>\'d8Syn`ar*thro"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Synarthroses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/ a being jointed together, fr. <?/ to link or joint
together; <?/ with + <?/ a joint.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>Immovable articulation by close union, as in sutures. It
sometimes includes symphysial articulations also. See the Note
under <er>Articulation</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</def>
<hw>Syn"as*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>syn-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a star.]</ety> <def>Concurrence of
starry position or influence; hence, similarity of condition,
fortune, etc., as prefigured by astrological calculation.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Motley.</au>
<hw>Syn*ax"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.
<?/, fr. <?/ to bring together. See <er>Synagogue</er>.]</ety>
<def>A congregation; also, formerly, the Lord's Supper.</def>
<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>
<hw>Syn"carp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
<ets>syncarpium</ets>. See <er>Syncarpous</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of aggregate fruit in which the
ovaries cohere in a solid mass, with a slender receptacle, as in
the magnolia; also, a similar multiple fruit, as a
mulberry.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn*car"pi*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Syncarpia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Syncarp</er>.</def>
<hw>Syn*car"pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>syn-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Composed of several carpels consolidated into one
ovary.</def>
<hw>Syn*cat`e*gor`e*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ a predicate. See <er>Syn-</er>, and
<er>Categorematic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Not
capable of being used as a term by itself; -- said of words, as
an adverb or preposition.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn`chon*dro"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Synchondroses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>An immovable articulation in which the union is formed by
cartilage.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Syn`chon*dro"si*al</wf>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Syn`chon*drot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ union by cartilage + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>
<def>Symphyseotomy.</def>
<hw>Syn`cho*re"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ a going.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld>
<def>A concession made for the purpose of retorting with greater
force.</def>
<hw>Syn"chro*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Synchronous</er>.]</ety> <def>Happening at, or belonging to,
the same time; synchronous; simultaneous.</def>
<au>Dr. H. More.</au>
<hw>Syn"chro*nal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A synchronal thing or
event.</def>
<hw>Syn*chron"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>synchronique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Happening at the same time;
synchronous.</def> <au>Boyle</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Syn*chron"ic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Syn"chro*nism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
fr. <?/ to be contemporary with, from <?/ synchronous. See
<er>Synchronous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The concurrence of
events in time; simultaneousness.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>The tabular arrangement of historical events and
personages, according to their dates.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A representation, in the
same picture, of two or events which occured at different
times.</def>
<hw>Syn`chro*nis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to synchronism; arranged according to correspondence
in time; <as>as, <ex>synchronistic</ex> tables</as>.</def>
<hw>Syn`chro*ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act of synchronizing; concurrence of events in respect to
time.</def>
<hw>Syn"chro*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Synchronized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Synchronizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To agree in
time; to be simultaneous.</def>
<q>The path of this great empire, through its arch of progress,
<qex>synchronized</qex> with that of Christianity.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<hw>Syn"chro*nize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To
assign to the same date or period of time; <as>as, to
<ex>synchronize</ex> two events of Greek and Roman
history</as>.</def> \'bdJosephus <xex>synchronizes</xex> Nisan
with the Egyptian Pharmus.\'b8
<au>W. L. Bevan.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to agree in time; <as>as, to
<ex>synchronize</ex> the movements of different machines; to
<ex>synchronize</ex> clocks.</as></def>
<hw>Syn`chro*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>syn-</ets> + Gr. <?/ time +
<ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Contemporaneous chronology.</def>
<hw>Syn"chro*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;
<?/ with + <?/ time. Cf. <er>Chronicle</er>.]</ety>
<def>Happening at the same time; simultaneous.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Syn"chro*nous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Syn"chro*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
concurrence of events in time; synchronism.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Geological contemporaneity is the same as chronological
<qex>synchrony</qex>.</q>
<qau>Huxley.</qau>
<hw>\'d8Syn"chy*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to confound; <?/ with + <?/ to pour.]</ety>
<def>A derangement or confusion of any kind, as of words in a
sentence, or of humors in the eye.</def>
<cs><col>Sparkling synchysis</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a
condition in which the vitreous humor is softened and contains
sparkling scales of cholesterin.</cd></cs>
<hw>Syn*clas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>syn-</ets> + Gr. <grk>kla^n</grk> to break.]</ety>
<fld>(Math. Physics)</fld> <def>Curved toward the same side in
all directions; -- said of surfaces which in all directions
around any point bend away from a tangent plane toward the same
side, as the surface of a sphere; -- opposed to
anticlastic.</def>
<au>Sir W. Thomson.</au>
<hw>Syn*cli"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to
incline together; <?/ with + <?/ to incline.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Inclined downward from opposite directions, so as to meet in
a common point or line.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Formed by strata dipping
toward a common line or plane; <as>as, a <ex>synclinal</ex>
trough or valley; a <ex>synclinal</ex> fold; -- opposed to
<ex>anticlinal</ex>.</as></def>
<note><hand/ A downward flexure in the case of folded rocks makes
a <xex>synclinal</xex> axis, and the alternating upward flexure
an <xex>anticlinal</xex> axis.</note>
<hw>Syn*cli"nal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A
synclinal fold.</def>
<hw>Syn*cline"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A synclinal fold.</def>
<hw>Syn*clin"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Synclinal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Syn`cli*no"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Synclinoria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/ to lay together + <?/ mountain.]</ety>
<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A mountain range owing its origin to the
progress of a geosynclinal, and ending in a catastrophe of
displacement and upturning.</def>
<au>Dana.</au>
<hw>Syn"co*pal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to syncope; resembling syncope.</def>
<hw>Syn"co*pate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Syncopated</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>
<er>Syncopating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.
<ets>syncopatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>syncopare</ets> to syncopate,
to swoon. See <er>Syncope</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To contract, as a word, by taking one or
more letters or syllables from the middle; <as>as,
\'bdGloster\'b8 is a <ex>syncopated</ex> form of
\'bdGloucester</as>.\'b8</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To commence, as a tone, on an
unaccented part of a measure, and continue it into the following
accented part, so that the accent is driven back upon the weak
part and the rhythm drags.</def>
<hw>Syn`co*pa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The act of syncopating; the contraction
of a word by taking one or more letters or syllables from the
middle; syncope.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The act of syncopating; a
peculiar figure of rhythm, or rhythmical alteration, which
consists in welding into one tone the second half of one beat
with the first half of the beat which follows.</def>
<hw>Syn"co*pe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>syncope</ets>, <ets>syncopa</ets>, Gr. <?/ a cutting up, a
syncope; akin to <?/ to beat together, to cut up, cut short,
weavy; <?/ with + <?/ to strike, cut.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>An elision or retrenchment of one or more
letters or syllables from the middle of a word; as,
<xex>ne'er</xex> for <xex>never</xex>, <xex>ev'ry</xex> for
<xex>every</xex>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Same as
<er>Syncopation</er>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fainting, or swooning. See
<er>Fainting</er>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <def>A pause or cessation; suspension.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<q>Revely, and dance, and show,
Suffer a <qex>syncope</qex> and solemn pause.</q>
<qau>Cowper.</qau>
<hw>Syn"co*pist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
syncopates.</def>
<au>Addison.</au>
<hw>Syn"co*pize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To
syncopate.</def>
<hw>Syn*cot`y*led"on*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>syn-</ets> + <ets>cotyledonous</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having united cotyledonous.</def>
<hw>Syn*cret"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Uniting and
blending together different systems, as of philosophy, morals, or
religion.</def>
<au>Smart.</au>
<hw>Syn"cre*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
fr. <?/ to make two parties join against a third: cf. F.
<ets>syncr\'82tisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Attempted union of
principles or parties irreconcilably at variance with each
other.</def>
<q>He is plotting a carnal <qex>syncretism</qex>, and attempting
the reconcilement of Christ and Belial.</q>
<qau>Baxter.</qau>
<q><qex>Syncretism</qex> is opposed to eclecticism in
philosophy.</q>
<qau>Krauth-Fleming.</qau>
<hw>Syn"cre*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>syncr\'82tiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who attempts to unite
principles or parties which are irreconcilably at variance;</def>
specifically <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, <def>an adherent of George
Calixtus and other Germans of the seventeenth century, who sought
to unite or reconcile the Protestant sects with each other and
with the Roman Catholics, and thus occasioned a long and violent
controversy in the Lutheran church.</def>
<hw>Syn`cre*tis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, syncretism; <as>as, a
<ex>syncretistic</ex> mixture of the service of Jehovah and the
worship of idols</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to Syncretists.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn"cri*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/ a comparison; <?/ together + <?/ to judge.]</ety>
<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech in which opposite
things or persons are compared.</def>
<au>Crabb.</au>
<-- p. 1464 -->
<hw>\'d8Syn*cy"ti*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Syncitia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/
together + <?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Tissue in which the cell or partition
walls are wholly wanting and the cell bodies fused together, so
that the tissue consists of a continuous mass of protoplasm in
which nuclei are imbedded, as in ordinary striped muscle.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ectoderm of a
sponge.</def>
<hw>Syn*dac"tyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>syn-</ets> + Gr. <?/ finger, toe: cf. F.
<ets>syndactyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird
having syndactilous feet.</def>
<hw>Syn*dac*tyl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Syndactilous.</def>
<hw>Syn*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the toes firmly united together
for some distance, and without an intermediate web, as the
kingfishers; gressorial.</def>
<hw>Syn`des*mog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ band, bond + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of
the ligaments; syndesmology.</def>
<hw>Syn`des*mol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ band, bond + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of
anatomy which treats of ligaments.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn`des*mo"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Syndesmoses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/
a bond; <?/ together + <?/ a bond, fr. <?/ to bind.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An articulation formed by means of
ligaments.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syn*det"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Syn*det"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ to
bind together; <?/ with + <?/ to bind; cf.
<er>Asyndetic</er>.]</ety> <def>Connecting; conjunctive; <as>as,
<ex>syndetic</ex> words or connectives; <ex>syndetic</ex>
references in a dictionary.</as></def> --
<wordforms><wf>Syn*det"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<q>With the <qex>syndetic</qex> juxtaposition of distinct
members, the article is not often repeated.</q>
<qau>C. J. Grece (Trans. Maetzner's Gram.).</qau>
<hw>Syn"dic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>syndictus</ets>, Gr. <?/ helping in a court of justice,
advocate; <?/ with + <?/ justice, akin to <?/ to show: cf. F.
<ets>syndic</ets>. See <er>Teach</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An
officer of government, invested with different powers in
different countries; a magistrate.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agent of a corporation, or
of any body of men engaged in a business enterprise; an advocate
or patron; an assignee.</def>
<note><hand/ In France, <xex>syndics</xex> are appointed by the
creditors of a bankrupt to manage the property. Almost all the
companies in Paris, the university, and the like, have their
<xex>syndics</xex>. The university of Cambridge, Eng., has its
<xex>syndics</xex>, who are chosen from the senate to transact
special business, such as the regulation of fees, the framing of
laws, etc.</note>
<hw>Syn"di*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>syndicat</ets>, LL. <ets>syndicatus</ets>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>The office or jurisdiction of a syndic; a
council, or body of syndics.</def>
<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An association of persons officially authorized
to undertake some duty or to negotiate some business; also, an
association of persons who combine to carry out, on their own
account, a financial or industrial project; <as>as, a
<ex>syndicate</ex> of bankers formed to take up and dispose of an
entire issue of government bonds</as>.</def>
<hw>Syn"di*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[LL.
<ets>syndicatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>syndicare</ets> to
censure.]</ety> <def>To judge; to censure.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Syn"dro*me</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
from Gr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ a course, a running.]</ety>
<def>Concurrence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Glanvill.</au>
<-- 2. <def>A group of symptoms occurring together that are
characteristic and indicative of some underlying cause, such as a
disease.</def> -->
<hw>Syn`dy*as"mi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ a pairing, fr. <?/ to pair.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the
state of pairing together sexually; -- said of animals during
periods of procreation and while rearing their offspring.</def>
<au>Morgan.</au>
<hw>Syne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Since</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Afterwards; since;
ago.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>
<au>R. of Brunne.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Late, -- as opposed to <xex>soon</xex>.</def>
<q>[Each rogue] shall be discovered either soon or
<qex>syne</qex>.</q>
<qau>W. Hamilton (Life of Wallace).</qau>
<hw>Syne</hw>, <pos>conj.</pos> <def>Since; seeing.</def>
<mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<hw>Syn*ec"do*che</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>synecdoche</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to receive jointly; <?/
with + <?/ to receive; <?/ out + <?/ to receive.]</ety>
<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure or trope by which a part of a
thing is put for the whole (as, fifty <xex>sail</xex> for fifty
<xex>ships</xex>), or the whole for a part (as, the smiling
<xex>year</xex> for <xex>spring</xex>), the species for the genus
(as, <xex>cutthroat</xex> for <xex>assassin</xex>), the genus for
the species (as, a <xex>creature</xex> for a <xex>man</xex>), the
name of the material for the thing made, etc.</def>
<au>Bain.</au>
<hw>Syn`ec*doch"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Expressed by synecdoche; implying a synecdoche.</def>
<q>Isis is used for Themesis by a <qex>synecdochical</qex> kind
of speech, or by a poetical liberty, in using one for
another.</q>
<qau>Drayton.</qau>
<hw>Syn`ec*doch"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By
synecdoche.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn*e"chi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to hold together; <?/ with + <?/ to
hold.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the eye, in
which the iris adheres to the cornea or to the capsule of the
crystalline lens.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn*ec`pho*ne"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to utter together.]</ety>
<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A contraction of two syllables into one;
synizesis.</def>
<hw>Syn*e"dral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/
sitting with; <?/ with + <?/ seat.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Growing on the angles of a stem, as the leaves in some
species of Selaginella.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn`en*tog"na*thi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with + <?/ within + <?/ jaw.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes, resembling the
Physoclisti, without spines in the dorsal, anal, and ventral
fins. It includes the true flying fishes.</def>
<hw>Syn"e*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/
with + <?/ a word.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The
interjunction, or joining, of words in uttering the clauses of
sentences.</def>
<hw>Syn*er"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Syn\'91resis</er>.</def>
<hw>Syn`er*get"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
fr. <?/ to work together; <?/ with + <?/ work.]</ety>
<def>Working together; co\'94perating; <as>as,
<ex>synergetic</ex> muscles</as>.</def>
<hw>Syn"er*gism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Synergetic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine
or theory, attributed to Melanchthon, that in the regeneration of
a human soul there is a co\'94peration, or joint agency, on the
part both of God and of man.</def>
<-- 2. Same as synergy, 2. -->
<hw>Syn"er*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>synergiste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who holds the
doctrine of synergism.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy which has an action
similar to that of another remedy, and hence increases the
efficiency of that remedy when combined with it.</def>
<-- 3. (Biochemistry) A chemical compound which exhibits a
synergistic effect on some biochemical or physiological action,
in combination with another compound. [A supertype of def. 2.]
-->
<hw>Syn`er*gis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or pertaining to synergism.</def> \'bdA
<xex>synergistic</xex> view of regeneration.\'b8
<au>Shedd.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Co\'94perating; synergetic.</def>
<hw>Syn"er*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See
<er>Synergetic</er>.]</ety> <def>Combined action</def>;
especially <fld>(Med.)</fld>,<def> the combined healty action of
every organ of a particular system; <as>as, the digestive
<ex>synergy</ex></as>.</def>
<-- 2. <def>An effect of the interaction of the actions of two
agents such that the result of the combined action is greater
than expected as a simple additive combination of the two agents
acting separately.</def> Also <altname>synergism.</altname> -->
<hw>\'d8Syn`ge*ne"si*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with, together + <?/ generation,
birth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants
in which the stamens are united by the anthers.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syn`ge*ne"sian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Syn`ge*ne"sious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the stamens united by the anthers;
of or pertaining to the Syngenesia.</def>
<hw>Syn*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>syn-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>
<def>A theory of generation in which each germ is supposed to
contain the germs of all subsequent generations; -- the opposite
of <xex>epigenesis</xex>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syng"na*thi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with + <?/ jaw.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of lophobranch fishes which
have an elongated snout and lack the ventral and first dorsal
fins. The pipefishes and sea horses are examples.</def> --
<wordforms><wf>Syng"na*thous</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,
<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Syn"graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>syngrapha</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ to write.]</ety>
<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writing signed by both or all the parties
to a contract or bond.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn`i*ze"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,
fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to sit together; <?/ with + <?/ to
sit.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An obliteration of
the pupil of the eye.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A contraction of two
syllables into one; synecphonesis.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn`neo*ro"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Synneuroses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.
<?/; <?/ with + <?/ a sinew, ligament.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>Syndesmosis.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn"o*cha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/ a holding together. See <er>Synechia</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Synochus</er>.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Syn"o*chal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to synocha; like synocha.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>\'d8Syn"o*chus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
from Gr. <?/ joined together.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A
continuous fever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<note><hand/ <xex>Synocha</xex> and <xex>synochus</xex> were used
as epithets of two distinct types of fever, but in different
senses at different periods. The same disease is placed under
synocha by one author, under synochus by another.</note>
<au>Quain.</au>
<hw>Syn"o*cil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>syn-</ets> + <ets>cil</ets>ium.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>
<def>A sense organ found in certain sponges. It consists of
several filaments, each of which arises from a single cell.</def>
<hw>Syn"od</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>synodus</ets>, Gr. <?/ a meeting; <?/ with + <?/ a way; cf.
AS. <ets>sino<?/</ets>, <ets>seno<?/</ets>, F. <ets>synode</ets>,
both from the Latin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>
<def>An ecclesiastic council or meeting to consult on church
matters.</def>
<note><hand/ <xex>Synods</xex> are of four kinds: 1.
<xex>General</xex>, or <xex>ecumenical</xex>, which are compopsed
of bishops from different nations; -- commonly called
<xex>general council</xex>. 2. <xex>National</xex>, composed of
bishops of one nation only. 3. <xex>Provincial</xex>, in which
the bishops of only one province meet; -- called also
<xex>convocations</xex>. 4. <xex>Diocesan</xex>, a synod in which
the bishop of the diocese or his representative presides.
Among Presbyterians, a <xex>synod</xex> is composed of
several adjoining presbyteries. The members are the ministers and
a ruling elder from each parish.</note>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assembly or council having civil authority; a
legislative body.</def>
<q>It hath in solemn <qex>synods</qex> been decreed,
Both by the Syracusians and ourselves,
To admit no traffic to our adverse towns.</q>
<qau>Shak.</qau>
<q>Parent of gods and men, propitious Jove!
And you, bright <qex>synod</qex> of the powers above.</q>
<qau>Dryden.</qau>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A conjunction of two or
more of the heavenly bodies.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Syn"od*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>synodalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>synodal</ets>.]</ety>
<def>Synodical.</def>
<au>Milton.</au>
<hw>Syn"od*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Ch. of
Eng.)</fld> <def>A tribute in money formerly paid to the bishop
or archdeacon, at the time of his Easter visitation, by every
parish priest, now made to the ecclesiastical commissioners; a
procuration.</def>
<q><qex>Synodals</qex> are due, of common right, to the bishop
only.</q>
<qau>Gibson.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A constitution made in a provincial or diocesan
synod.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syn*od"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Syn*od"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>synodicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>synodique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>
<def>Of or pertaining to a synod; transacted in, or authorized
by, a synod; <as>as, <ex>synodical</ex> proceedings or
forms</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>synodical</xex> epistle.\'b8
<au>Bp. Stillingfleet.</au>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to conjunction,
especially to the period between two successive conjunctions;
extending from one conjunction, as of the moon or a planet with
the sun, to the next; <as>as, a <ex>synodical</ex> month (see
<ex>Lunar month</ex>, under <er>Month</er>); the
<ex>synodical</ex> revolution of the moon or a planet.</as></def>
<hw>Syn*od"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a synodical
manner; in a synod; by the authority of a synod.</def>
\'bd<xex>Synodically</xex> agreed upon.\'b8
<au>R. Nelson.</au>
<hw>Syn"od*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An adherent
to a synod.</def>
<q>These <qex>synodists</qex> thought fit in Latin as yet to veil
their decrees from vulgar eyes.</q>
<qau>Fuller.</qau>
<hw>Syn*\'d2"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>syn-</ets> + Gr. <?/ house.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having stamens and pistil in the same head, or, in mosses,
having antheridia and archegonia on the same receptacle.</def>
<hw>Syn*om"o*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,
fr. <?/ to swear with or together; <?/ with + <?/ to
swear.]</ety> <def>Sworn brotherhood; a society in ancient Greece
nearly resembling a modern political club.</def>
<hw>Syn"o*nym</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Synonyms</plw> <pr>(<?/>)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.
<ets>synonyme</ets>, L. <ets>synonyma</ets>, pl. of
<ets>synonymum</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Synonymous</er>.]</ety>
<def>One of two or more words (commonly words of the same
language) which are equivalents of each other; one of two or more
words which have very nearly the same signification, and
therefore may often be used interchangeably. See under
<er>Synonymous</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also
<asp>synonyme</asp>.]</altsp>
<q>All languages tend to clear themselves of <qex>synonyms</qex>
as intellectual culture advances, the superfluous words being
taken up and appropriated by new shades and combinations of
thought evolved in the progress of society.</q>
<qau>De Quincey.</qau>
<q>His name has thus become, throughout all civilized countries,
a <qex>synonym</qex> for probity and philanthropy.</q>
<qau>Macaulay.</qau>
<q>In popular literary acceptation, and as employed in special
dictionaries of such words, <qex>synonyms</qex> are words
sufficiently alike in general signification to be liable to be
confounded, but yet so different in special definition as to
require to be distinguished.</q>
<au>G. P. Marsh.</au>
<hw>\'d8Syn*on"y*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>
<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Synonyms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Fuller.</au>
<hw>Syn*on"y*mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Synonymous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Syn*on"y*mal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<def>Synonymously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Syn"o*nyme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as
<er>Synonym</er>.</def>
<hw>Syn`o*nym"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.
<ets>synonymik</ets>. See <er>Synonymous</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The science, or the scientific treatment,
of synonymous words.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syn`o*nym"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Syn`o*nym"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<def>Of or pertaining to synonyms, or synonymic;
synonymous.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn`o*nym"i*con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A dictionary of synonyms.</def>
<au>C. J. Smith.</au>
<hw>Syn*on"y*mist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>synonymiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who collects or explains
synonyms.</def>
<hw>Syn*on"y*mize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Synonymized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Synonymizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To express by a synonym or
synonyms; to give the synonym or synonyms corresponding to.</def>
<q>This word \'bdfortis\'b8 we may <qex>synonymize</qex> after
all these fashions: stout, hardy, valiant, doughty, courageous,
adventurous, brave, bold, daring, intrepid.</q>
<qau>Camden.</qau>
<hw>Syn*on"y*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;
<?/ with, together + <?/, <?/, name. See <er>Syn-</er>, and
<er>Name</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the character of a synonym;
expressing the same thing; conveying the same, or approximately
the same, idea.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Syn*on"y*mous*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<q>These words consist of two propositions, which are not
distinct in sense, but one and the same thing variously
expressed; for wisdom and understanding are <qex>synonymous</qex>
words here.</q>
<qau>Tillotson.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Identical; interchangeable. -- <er>Synonymous</er>,
<er>Identical</er>. If no words are <xex>synonymous</xex> except
those which are <xex>identical</xex> in use and meaning, so that
the one can in all cases be substituted for the other, we have
scarcely ten such words in our language. But the term more
properly denotes that the words in question approach so near to
each other, that, in many or most cases, they can be used
interchangeably. 1. Words may thus coincide in <xex>certain</xex>
connections, and so be interchanged, when they can not be
interchanged in other connections; thus we may speak either
<xex>strength</xex> of mind or of <xex>force</xex> of mind, but
we say the <xex>force</xex> (not <xex>strength</xex>) of
gravitation. 2. Two words may differ slightly, but this
difference may be unimportant to the speaker's object, so that he
may freely interchange them; thus it makes but little difference,
in most cases, whether we speak of a man's having
<xex>secured</xex> his object or having <xex>attained</xex> his
object. For these and other causes we have numerous words which
may, in many cases or connections, be used interchangeably, and
these are properly called <xex>synonyms</xex>.
<xex>Synonymous</xex> words \'bdare words which, with great and
essential resemblances of meaning, have, at the same time, small,
subordinate, and partial differences, -- these differences being
such as either originally and on the ground of their etymology
inhered in them; or differences which they have by usage acquired
in the eyes of all; or such as, though nearly latent now, they
are capable of receiving at the hands of wise and discreet
masters of the tongue. <xex>Synonyms</xex> are words of like
significance in the main, but with a certain unlikeness as
well.\'b8 <au>Trench</au>.</syn>
<hw>Syn*on"y*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>synonymia</ets>, Gr. <?/ a synonym: cf. F.
<ets>synonymie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of
being synonymous; sameness of meaning.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>A system of synonyms.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which synonymous
words are used to amplify a discourse.</def>
<hw>Syn*op"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Synopses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/;
<?/ with, together + <?/ a sight, view, from the root seen in E.
<ets>optic</ets>.]</ety> <def>A general view, or a collection of
heads or parts so arranged as to exhibit a general view of the
whole; an abstract or summary of a discourse; a syllabus; a
conspectus.</def>
<q>That the reader may see in one view the exactness of the
method, as well as force of the argument, I shall here draw up a
short <qex>synopsis</qex> of this epistle.</q>
<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>
<syn>Syn. -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; abstract; summary;
syllabus; conspectus. See <er>Abridgment</er>.</syn>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syn*op"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Syn*op"tic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>synoptique</ets>. See <er>Synopsis</er>.]</ety>
<def>Affording a general view of the whole, or of the principal
parts of a thing; <as>as, a <ex>synoptic</ex> table; a
<ex>synoptical</ex> statement of an argument</as>.</def> \'bdThe
<xex>synoptic</xex> Gospels.\'b8 <au>Alford</au>. --
<wordforms><wf>Syn*op"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Syn*op"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the first three
Gospels of the New Testament. See <er>Synoptist</er>.</def>
<hw>Syn*op"tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any one of
the authors of the three synoptic Gospels, which give a history
of our Lord's life and ministry, in distinction from the writer
of John's Gospel, which gives a fuller record of his
teachings.</def>
<hw>Syn*os`te*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Pref. <ets>syn-</ets> + Gr. <?/ bone +
<ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of anatomy which treats
of joints; arthrology.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn*os`te*o"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;
<plu>pl. <plw>Synosteoses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/ with + <?/ bone.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Union
by means of bone; the complete closing up and obliteration of
sutures.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn`os*to"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Synosteosis</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn*o"vi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
perhaps fr. Gr. <?/ with + L. <ets>ovum</ets> egg: cf. F.
<ets>synovie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A transparent,
viscid, lubricating fluid which contains mucin and secreted by
synovial membranes; synovial fluid.</def>
<-- p. 1465 -->
<hw>Syn*o"vi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>synovial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to synovia; secreting synovia.</def>
<cs><col>Synovial capsule</col>, <cd>a closed sac of synovial
membrane situated between the articular surfaces at diarthrodial
joints.</cd> -- <col>Synovial fluid</col>, <cd>synovia.</cd> --
<col>Synovial membrane</col>, <cd>the dense and very smooth
connective tissue membrane which secretes synovia and surrounds
synovial capsules and other synovial cavities.</cd></cs>
<hw>\'d8Syn`o*vi"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.
See <er>Synovia</er>, <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Inflammation of the synovial membrane.</def>
<hw>Syn*pel"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>syn-</ets> + <?/ the sole of the foot.]</ety>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the two main flexor tendons of
the toes blended together.</def>
<hw>Syn*sep"al*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>syn-</ets> + <ets>sepal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>
<def>Having united sepals; gamosepalous.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syn*tac"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Syn*tac"tic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G. <?/ putting
together. See <er>Syntax</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to
syntax; according to the rules of syntax, or construction.</def>
-- <wordforms><wf>Syn*tac"tic*al*ly</wf>,
<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>
<hw>Syn"tax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>syntaxis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to put together in order;
<?/ with + <?/ to put in order; cf. F. <ets>syntaxe</ets>. See
<er>Syn-</er>, and <er>Tactics</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Connected system or order; union of things; a number of
things jointed together; organism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<q>They owe no other dependence to the first than what is common
to the whole <qex>syntax</qex> of beings.</q>
<qau>Glanvill.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>That part of grammar which treats of the
construction of sentences; the due arrangement of words in
sentences in their necessary relations, according to established
usage in any language.</def>
<hw>\'d8Syn*tax"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<def>Syntax.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>B. Jonson.</au>
<hw>Syn`te*re"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
Gr. <?/ preservation, fr. <?/ to preserve; <?/ with + <?/ to
guard.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>Prophylaxis.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Conscience viewed as the
internal repository of the laws of duty.</def>
<au>Whewell.</au>
<hw>Syn`te*ret"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Preserving health;
prophylactic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<hw>Syn`te*ret"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That department of medicine which relates
to the preservation of health; prophylaxis.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark><-- = hygeine? -->
<hw>Syn*ther"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>syn-</ets> + <ets>thermal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the same
degree of heat.</def>
<hw>Syn"the*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Syntheses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a mixture,
properly, a putting together, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to place or put
together; <?/ with + <?/ to place. See <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Composition, or the putting of two or more
things together, as in compounding medicines.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The art or process of making
a compound by putting the ingredients together, as contrasted
with <xex>analysis</xex>; thus, water is made by
<xex>synthesis</xex> from hydrogen and oxygen; hence,
specifically, the building up of complex compounds by special
reactions, whereby their component radicals are so grouped that
the resulting substances are identical in every respect with the
natural articles when such occur; thus, artificial alcohol, urea,
indigo blue, alizarin, etc., are made by
<xex>synthesis</xex>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The combination of separate
elements of thought into a whole, as of simple into complex
conceptions, species into genera, individual propositions into
systems; -- the opposite of <ant>analysis</ant>.</def>
<q>Analysis and <qex>synthesis</qex>, though commonly treated as
two different methods, are, if properly understood, only the two
necessary parts of the same method. Each is the relative and
correlative of the other.</q>
<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>
<hw>Syn"the*sist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
employs synthesis, or who follows synthetic methods.</def>
<hw>Syn"the*size</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>To combine by synthesis; to unite.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To produce by synthesis; <as>as, to
<ex>synthesize</ex> albumin</as>.</def>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syn*thet"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Syn*thet"ic*al</hw>
<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>synth\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or
pertaining to synthesis; consisting in synthesis or composition;
<as>as, the <ex>synthetic</ex> method of reasoning, as opposed to
<ex>analytical</ex></as>.</def>
<q>Philosophers hasten too much from the analytic to the
<qex>synthetic</qex> method; that is, they draw general
conclusions from too small a number of particular observations
and experiments.</q>
<qau>Bolingbroke.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Artificial. Cf.
<er>Synthesis</er>, 2.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Comprising within itself
structural or other characters which are usually found only in
two or more diverse groups; -- said of species, genera, and
higher groups. See the Note under <er>Comprehensive</er>,
3.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Synthetic</col>, <or/ <col>Synthetical
language</col></mcol>, <cd>an inflectional language, or one
characterized by grammatical endings; -- opposed to
<contr>analytic language</contr>.</cd> <au>R. Morris.</au></cs>
<hw>Syn*thet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a synthetic
manner.</def>
<hw>Syn"the*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.
Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To combine; to unite in regular
structure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Syn"to*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr.
<?/ to cut short; <?/ with + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>Brevity;
conciseness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Syn"to*nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/
stretched tight, intense.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>
<def>A proteid substance (acid albumin) formed from the
albuminous matter of muscle by the action of dilute acids; --
formerly called <altname>musculin</altname>. See <cref>Acid
albumin</cref>, under <er>Albumin</er>.</def>
<hw>Sy"pher*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.
uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The lapping of
chamfered edges of planks to make a smooth surface, as for a
bulkhead.</def>
<hw>Syph"i*lide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutaneous eruption due to
syphilis.</def>
<hw>Syph"i*lis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.
<ets>Syphilus</ets>, the name of a shepherd in the Latin poem of
Fracastoro, \'bd<ets>Syphilus</ets>, sive Morbus Gallicus,\'b8
which was published in 1530; Gr. <?/ hog, swine + <?/ dear,
loving. The term was introduced into nosology by Sauvages.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The pox, or venereal disease; a chronic,
specific, infectious disease, usually communicated by sexual
intercourse or by hereditary transmission, and occurring in three
stages known as <xex>primary</xex>, <xex>secondary</xex>, and
<xex>tertiary syphilis</xex>. See under <er>Primary</er>,
<er>Secondary</er>, and <er>Tertiary</er>.</def><-- a bacterial
infection caused by <spn>Treponema pallidum</spn>. Usu. tretable
with penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics. -->
<hw>Syph`i*lit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>syphilitique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or
pertaining to syphilis; of the nature of syphilis; affected with
syphilis.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A syphilitic
patient.</def></def2>
<hw>Syph`i*lit"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>In a syphilitic manner; with venereal
disease.</def>
<hw>Syph`i*li*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inoculation with the syphilitic virus,
especially when employed as a preventive measure, like
vaccination.</def>
<hw>Syph"i*lize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To inoculate with syphilis.</def>
<hw>Syph"i*lo*derm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Syphilis</er>, and <er>Derm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>
<def>A cutaneous affection due to syphilis.</def>
<hw>Syph`i*lo*der"ma*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the cutaneous
manifestations of syphilis.</def>
<hw>Syph"i*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Syphil</ets>is + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Resembling syphilis.</def>
<hw>Syph`i*lol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
skilled in syphilology.</def>
<hw>Syph`i*lol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Syphil</ets>is + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That
branch of medicine which treats of syphilis.</def>
<hw>Sy"phon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Syphon</er>.</def>
<hw>Syr"a*cuse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A red wine
of Italy.</def>
<hw>Sy"ren</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Siren</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hw>Syr"i*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Syriacus</ets>, from <ets>Syria</ets>: cf. F.
<ets>syriaque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Syria, or
its language; <as>as, the <ex>Syriac</ex> version of the
Pentateuch</as>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The language
of Syria; especially, the ancient language of that
country.</def></def2>
<hw>Syr"i*a*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Syrian
idiom; a Syrianism.</def>
<hw>Syr"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>Syrius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Syrien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or
pertaining to Syria; Syriac.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A
native of Syria.</def></def2>
<hw>Syr"i*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Syrian
idiom, or a peculiarity of the Syrian language; a
Syriacism.</def>
<au>Paley.</au>
<hw>Syr"i*asm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Syrian
idiom; a Syrianism; a Syriacism.</def>
<au>M. Stuart.</au>
<q>The Scripture Greek is observed to be full of
<qex>Syriasms</qex> and Hebraisms.</q>
<qau>Bp. Warburton.</qau>
<hw>Sy*rin"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.
<?/, <?/, a shepherd's pipe, tube. Cf. <er>Syringe</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of plants; the
lilac.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The mock orange; -- popularly so
called because its stems were formerly used as pipestems.</def>
<hw>Syr"inge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.
<ets>seringue</ets> (cf. Pr. <ets>siringua</ets>, Sp.
<ets>jeringa</ets>, It. <ets>sciringa</ets>,
<ets>scilinga</ets>), fg. Gr. <?/, <?/, a pipe or tube; cf. Skr.
<ets>svar</ets> to sound, and E. <ets>swarum</ets>. Cf.
<er>Syringa</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of small hand-pump for
throwing a stream of liquid, or for purposes of aspiration. It
consists of a small cylindrical barrel and piston, or a bulb of
soft elastic material, with or without valves, and with a nozzle
which is sometimes at the end of a flexible tube; -- used for
injecting animal bodies, cleansing wounds, etc.</def>
<cs><col>Garden syringe</col>. <cd>See <er>Garden</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Syr"inge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.
p.</pos> <er>Syringed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.
n.</pos> <er>Syringing</er> <pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>To inject by means of a syringe; <as>as, to
<ex>syringe</ex> warm water into a vein</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wash and clean by injection from a
syringe.</def>
<hw>Sy*rin"ge*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the syrinx; <as>as,
the <ex>syringeal</ex> muscle</as>.</def>
<hw>Sy*rin"gin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside found in the bark of the
lilac (<spn>Syringa</spn>) and extracted as a white crystalline
substance; -- formerly called also
<altname>lilacin</altname>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sy*rin"go*c\'d2le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[<ets>Syrinx</ets> + Gr. <?/ hollow.]</ety>
<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The central canal of the spinal
cord.</def>
<au>B. G. Wilder.</au>
<hw>Sy*rin"go*tome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>syringotome</ets>. See <er>Syringotomy</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Surg. & Anat.)</fld> <def>A small blunt-pointed bistoury,
-- used in syringotomy.</def>
<hw>Syr`in*got"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/ a tube, a hollow sore + <?/ to cut: cf. F.
<ets>syringotomie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The
operation of cutting for anal fistula.</def>
<hw>Syr"inx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Syringes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a
pipe.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind instrument
made of reeds tied together; -- called also <altname>pandean
pipes</altname>.</def><-- pipes of Pan -->
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The lower larynx in
birds.</def>
<note><hand/ In birds there are two laringes, an upper or true,
but voiceless, larynx in the usual position behind the tongue,
and a lower one, at or near the junction of the trachea and
bronchi, which is the true organ of the voice.</note>
<hw>\'d8Syr"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.
<?/, fr. <?/ to drag.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A
long dress, trailing on the floor, worn by tragic actors in Greek
and Roman theaters.</def>
<hw>Syr"phi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>
<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the syrphus
flies.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A
syrphus fly.</def></def2>
<hw>Syr"phus fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[NL.
<ets>Syrphus</ets>, the generic name, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a kind of
winged insect.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of
numerous species of dipterous flies of the genus
<spn>Syrphus</spn> and allied genera. They are usually
bright-colored, with yellow bands, and hover around plants. The
larv\'91 feed upon plant lice, and are, therefore, very
beneficial to agriculture.</def>
<hw>Syrt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>syrtis</ets> a sand bank in the sea, Gr. <?/: cf. F.
<ets>syrte</ets>.]</ety> <def>A quicksand; a bog.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Young.</au>
<hw>Syr"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to a syrt; resembling syrt, or quicksand.</def>
<mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Ed. Rev.</au>
<hw>\'d8Syr"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Syrtes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See
<er>Syrt</er>.]</ety> <def>A quicksand.</def>
<q>Quenched in a boggy <qex>syrtis</qex>, neither sea
Nor good dry land.</q>
<qau>Milton.</qau>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syr"up</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,
<hw>Syr"up*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See
<er>Sirup</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Sirup</er>,
<er>Sirupy</er>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sys`sar*co"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to unite by flesh, to cover over
with flesh; <?/ with + <?/, <?/, flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>
<def>The junction of bones by intervening muscles.</def>
<hw>Sys*tal"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>systalticus</ets> drawing together, Gr. <?/, from <?/ to
draw together. Cf. <er>Sustaltic</er>, <er>Systole</er>.]</ety>
<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Capable of, or taking place by,
alternate contraction and dilatation; <as>as, the
<ex>systaltic</ex> action of the heart</as>.</def>
<hw>\'d8Sys"ta*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,
fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to stand together. See under
<er>System</er>.]</ety> <def>A political union, confederation, or
league.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<au>Burke.</au>
<hw>Sys"tem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>systema</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to place together; <?/ with
+ <?/ to place: cf. F. <ets>syst\'8ame</ets>. See
<er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An assemblage of objects
arranged in regular subordination, or after some distinct method,
usually logical or scientific; a complete whole of objects
related by some common law, principle, or end; a complete
exhibition of essential principles or facts, arranged in a
rational dependence or connection; a regular union of principles
or parts forming one entire thing; <as>as, a <ex>system</ex> of
philosophy; a <ex>system</ex> of government; a <ex>system</ex> of
divinity; a <ex>system</ex> of botany or chemistry; a military
<ex>system</ex>; the solar <ex>system</ex>.</as></def>
<-- Specifically, a computer system. -->
<q>The best way to learn any science, is to begin with a regular
<qex>system</qex>, or a short and plain scheme of that science
well drawn up into a narrow compass.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, the whole scheme of created things
regarded as forming one complete plan of whole; the
universe.</def> \'bdThe great <xex>system</xex> of the world.\'b8
<au>Boyle.</au>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Regular method or order; formal arrangement;
plan; <as>as, to have a <ex>system</ex> in one's
business</as>.</def>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The collection of staves which
form a full score. See <er>Score</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>
<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An assemblage of parts or
organs, either in animal or plant, essential to the performance
of some particular function or functions which as a rule are of
greater complexity than those manifested by a single organ;
<as>as, the capillary <ex>system</ex>, the muscular
<ex>system</ex>, the digestive <ex>system</ex>, etc.</as>; hence,
the whole body as a functional unity.</def>
<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the stellate or
irregular clusters of intimately united zooids which are imbedded
in, or scattered over, the surface of the common tissue of many
compound ascidians.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Block system</col>, <col>Conservative
system</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Block</er>,
<er>Conservative</er>, etc.</cd></cs>
<mhw>{ <hw>Sys`tem*at"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,
<hw>Sys`tem*at"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>
<altsp>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>syst\'82matique</ets>.]</altsp>
<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to system; consisting in
system; methodical; formed with regular connection and adaptation
or subordination of parts to each other, and to the design of the
whole; <as>as, a <ex>systematic</ex> arrangement of plants or
animals; a <ex>systematic</ex> course of study.</as></def>
<q>Now we deal much in essays, and unreasonably despise
<qex>systematical</qex> learning; whereas our fathers had a just
value for regularity and systems.</q>
<qau>I. Watts.</qau>
<q>A representation of phenomena, in order to answer the purposes
of science, must be <qex>systematic</qex>.</q>
<qau>Whewell.</qau>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>Proceeding according to system, or regular
method; <as>as, a <ex>systematic</ex> writer; <ex>systematic</ex>
benevolence.</as></def>
<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the system of the world;
cosmical.</def>
<q>These ends may be called cosmical, or
<qex>systematical</qex>.</q>
<qau>Boyle.</qau>
<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Affecting successively the
different parts of the system or set of nervous fibres; <as>as,
<ex>systematic</ex> degeneration</as>.</def>
<-- affecting the whole body, as contrasted with local. -->
<cs><col>Systematic theology</col>. <cd>See under
<er>Theology</er>.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sys`tem*at"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a
systematic manner; methodically.</def>
<hw>Sys"tem*a*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
reduction of facts or principles to a system.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>Sys"tem*a*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>syst\'82matiste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who forms
a system, or reduces to system.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who adheres to a system.</def>
<hw>Sys`tem*a*ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>
<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>syst\'82matization</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act
or operation of systematizing.</def>
<hw>Sys"tem*a*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Systematized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Systematizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.
<ets>syst\'82matiser</ets>. Cf. <er>Systemize</er>.]</ety>
<def>To reduce to system or regular method; to arrange
methodically; to methodize; <as>as, to <ex>systematize</ex> a
collection of plants or minerals; to <ex>systematize</ex> one's
work; to <ex>systematize</ex> one's ideas</as>.</def>
<q>Diseases were healed, and buildings erected, before medicine
and architecture were <qex>systematized</qex> into arts.</q>
<qau>Harris.</qau>
<hw>Sys"tem*a*ti`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One
who systematizes.</def>
<q>Aristotle may be called the <qex>systematizer</qex> of his
master's doctrines.</q>
<qau>Harris.</qau>
<hw>Sys`tem*a*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.
<?/, <?/, system + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of,
or a treatise upon, systems.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>Sys*tem"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>
<def>Of or relating to a system; common to a system; <as>as, the
<ex>systemic</ex> circulation of the blood</as>.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat. & Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining
to the general system, or the body as a whole; <as>as,
<ex>systemic</ex> death, in distinction from <xex>local</xex>
death; <ex>systemic</ex> circulation, in distinction from
<xex>pulmonic</xex> circulation; <ex>systemic</ex>
diseases</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Systemic death</col>. <cd>See the Note under
<er>Death</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</cd></cs>
<hw>Sys`tem*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The
act or process of systematizing; systematization.</def>
<hw>Sys"tem*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>
<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Systemized</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Systemizing</er>
<pr>(?)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Systematize</er>.]</ety>
<def>To reduce to system; to systematize.</def>
<-- p. 1466 -->
<hw>Sys"tem*i`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who
systemizes, or reduces to system; a systematizer.</def>
<hw>Sys"tem*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Being
without system.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Not agreeing with some
artificial system of classification.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld><def>Not having any of the distinct
systems or types of structure, as the radiate, articulate, etc.,
characteristic of organic nature; <as>as, all unicellular
organisms are <ex>systemless</ex></as>.</def>
<hw>Sys"to*le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.
<?/, fr. <?/ to contract; <?/ with + <?/ to set, place.]</ety>
<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The shortening of the long
syllable.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The contraction of the
heart and arteries by which the blood is forced onward and the
circulation kept up; -- correlative to
<contr>diastole</contr>.</def>
<hw>Sys*tol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or
pertaining to systole, or contraction; contracting; esp.,
ralating to the systole of the heart; <as>as, <ex>systolic</ex>
murmur</as>.</def>
<au>Dunglison.</au>
<hw>Sys"tyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.
<ets>systylos</ets>, Gr. <?/ with columns standing close; <?/
with + <?/ a column: cf. F. <ets>systyle</ets>.]</ety>
<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having a space equal to two diameters or
four modules between two columns; -- said of a portico or
building. See <er>Intercolumniation</er>.</def> --
<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A systyle temple or other
edifice.</def></def2>
<mhw>{ <hw>Syth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Sythe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>
}</mhw>, <pos>prep., adv., conj. & n.</pos> <def>See
<er>Sith</er>, <er>Sithe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<au>Chaucer. Piers Plowman.</au>
<hw>Sythe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Scythe.</def>
<mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>
<hw>Sy*zyg"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining
to a syzygy.</def>
<hw>Syz"y*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.
<plw>Syzygies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.
<ets>syzygia</ets> a joining together, conjunction, Gr. <?/; <?/
with + <?/ to join, <?/ yoke: cf. F. <ets>syzygie</ets>. See
<er>Yoke</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>
<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The point of an orbit, as of the moon
or a planet, at which it is in conjunction or opposition; --
commonly used in the plural.</def>
<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gr. & L. Pros.)</fld> <def>The coupling
together of different feet; <as>as, in Greek verse, an iambic
<ex>syzygy</ex></as>.</def>
<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of
the segments of an arm of a crinoid composed of two joints so
closely united that the line of union is obliterated on the
outer, though visible on the inner, side.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>
<def>The immovable union of two joints of a crinoidal arm.</def>
<cs><col>Line of syzygies</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the
straight line connecting the earth, the sun, and the moon or a
planet, when the latter is in conjunction or opposition; -- used
chiefly of the moon.</cd></cs>
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